ia! , foowey technical practices committee NACE Standard RP-01-75 2 ee fee = c 5 ae i : CONTROLLED COP. | 3 : COPY No, 61 Recommended Practice Control of Internal Corrosion in Steel Pipelines-and Piping Systems “Toi Nations! Auocsetion of Corvonon Engineers Stangars conmennsn of tow adda memos 1 prownons. Thi Standard a seer ciude snvone, whether tw ner adopted the Standard oF not, {rom manufacturing seiicinn, purchenng, of ning prodvets, process, of procedures rot on conformance wath tht Gumsra NACE Stondares are sbyet 10 perodie review, ond the vas w cautioned 10 obtnn th cert ean CAUTIONARY NOTICE. Tris NACE Stenderd may be rwvitad of wnthdvawn at any time without vinnie, NACE Teouires that setion be Taken to reatir, avin, oF wuthdraw thes Standard AO rec wean from tne date of insti! publication, Pyrensvers of NACE Standards may racer vrtoreetron on ot Standarés by writing 10 NACE Publications Dwprrimant, Y440 Sout Creat, Dr. Moreton, Tetee 77084 ‘Aporoved Decora, 1974 Navonat Auecutven of Conowen Engineer "440 South Creek Or Hownton, Tense 77004 719/480-0635, y eeewoud RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Control of Internal Corrosion in Steet Pipelines and Piping Systems Contents General Definitions Structure Design Corrosion Detection and Measurement Methods fur Controlling Intemal Corrosion Evaluating the Effectiveness of Corrosion Control Methods i Operation and Maintenance of Internal Corrosion Controt Systems Corrosion Control Recordsihe Nanonal Associiion of Corrosion Engoneers issues this Standars in contormuty 10 the fest custent technutog. Feautdig the speed. suyect This Standa-d represenis mununum requirements and should m no way be inte: preted 25 9 cesinctun on the use of better procedures or materials Newther is th.. Standard smtended to apply sn all cases felunng to the sebyect Lapsed: may negate the useuiness of thi Stundird an spe Ths Standuid nay 64 used in whole or om part hy any pets wathut prejudice © fesvgmiton oF the soutve ss inchided, The Sanonal Assan of Coron Engineers assur fo responsibilty toe We antergeetabon oF ase ot un Stundaré Nothing contained on thts Standaed ot the Natiatas Asche tio. of Corrosion Bgineers 16 t0 be sts any ght by amplisatios: ot sale oF use connection wih a 9 product covered by Letters Pater nor as protecting anvone apis ah Letters Pasenr hen ie to he Foreword Practice) iS 10 uexnbe procedures and practices for achiesing effective zonttol of internal corrosion in steel pipe and piping systeris in crude o, refined products and gas cerice. The mater purpuse of these corrosion control practices 18 16 elimirate contamination cf commodity by Sortusion product, contang of pipe wall, pita Avdroxen bastenng. and sties, corrosion stacking. This document Procthkes and preterences an regard to Suptto: of antetmal . iowa a see) piping eestems This Revenges Pra, ct Sues ni Qeviirate prastnes for es piedits ot pupeline restudes slancatdieing all ster suntan spec The purpose of ths NACE Standard (Recommended nal corrosion control practices This docunsent 16 usued by NACE Group Commitee Tht fon Underground Corrosion Control and was prepared by NACE Unit Committee T-1OE «laiernat Corr Pipelines) composed of corosion cunsuttans coer se engneess from oil and Res transmnsun sompanies. gus disitinu actress coating manutier Fone Natwest Bureay a Sunde: are Ave lev: Intute Diswor ot Pro Transpor'ann unduppine US11 Ths document pre 1S practises tor the control of antemat cores an steel pipelines ana ping SySems used te tatspont gather, oF uictnbute crude Pelsuleum piodu.s of gas These ptaciives ate pven under the following headings Sechon 2 Detinnons Sectton-3 Design Conuideratiins Arter TE Methods iy Condi Secon» Methods Presen wn > Operane Conoson Prevention Systens Section 8: Internal Corrosion Records JD) La mas Recomended Paci snes os» de establishing minunum requirements for cortenon an the fullowing systems e Methoaks 2nd Maimtensice of Inernit fol of yatcrnal tn (ay Crude Os! Gathering and Flow Lines Section 1 Seotien 4 Deseenng: Cotresnin Proleiwin_Pipine= all ansemal otto General Ub) Cride Os! Transmssion (or Hoa Pood (2) Gas Gathering and Flos Lines feb Gas Tanisinsion (1) Gas Distrinution 1.8 This Revammended Pustioe Joes mot de surtgyion Beate the ‘ “pipeline AApI and contiguitations pavsionke™ stoi Sie 14 The provisions ot the-Kevommiended Boasts be applied under the uizestiot a csnmperent cenpneet The tetm “Cott pended Peaytice, telets tog possi whe 8s reas Arvowledae ote pl et enssicentig and muather sti. education and teluted practial exseres cengase a0 a Enger: ge ged te ts wenn bs eal, tetuned prod eo pigeea atsl run itions* buble Wher detenpanin 6 Sethe eneitcament se Cortosien Inubtor A chemical compound. either organi: ‘ot anorganic, which when added te she commodity 19 the proper voncemtration and.torm comitots wt reuuses. ya Detenoration of g suttace can uxcur as the result of the atnsive achon of moving fluids accelerated by the presence of sul particles ot gas rosin. atten Section 3 2) tntiedus stun 211 The purpose vt this sechon 1s 10 provide design “These aie dgfinioms uf ims miguel, ured ap thy document ine Seine can be found am the NACH Basie Comm Coune Manual NACE Publination RPII-69 wars Per Mes Goris a the commodity whic! so corte actorty witin the sguapatent tat sto! the ommodity tee NACE Sovwidatd TMi 72 An saryple rast Properties ot Petraiouins Pivaducts Pjeiine Cs goes Piggany The opetatiot of tatispeaiings a desioe ot coer ation at Geswes Coytaper yphety Heise o) nei Plastic, et. Uhrgh a papelite fan ths porpone cleanig. separation, or messuicmient Structure Devign comdetabony fot the gomtral ot antentat sos Uwhichr apply principally te pypelimes made ot stot wed Ww transport natural and miunatsctured gos 4 and relined pruducts A vsti ‘consulted during prpelise dep vad sonstras tions Spectase Seated ALDH past expenence has shown tat the prideshem stumpusted. partculatly am ditebuhun systems Pipeline De Sma nu Roo Soortonnse fe the pipmig stem thee considers ipitated wi the 1 Commegirs Qushes TELE The qusina at the commodity ta be ransporl. stand he deter Enampies wt control ot Mow seh weit grange alot sell mnenumiz® contest A range a sehvuch ell Keep apuriies sospenided mm the 1 Vhe hower hart ot the velit be ha oomimodaty theres mtenimuinp axe mulatto octewive mytter wy the pupelins The Tupper limit at Hie selaysty range slnaald Re se that etowtontottas of Gasntalion or anise mien attach wall be suanntal + Sc ener ecm ee Uy Cashon Droxtde (1 Chlundes Hd My drogen Sultide ey Organic Acids Lit Oxygen g Suid ot Precapitates nt Sultue-Beaning Compounds Gr Mater 12 Amosiedge ot the permauible impunity centent anid makeup allows predictions of the ‘nagnitade oo unm) ettects welch miaght tesult view presence Prmerpal harmtut effects sli Ie should be sonsndered ute 1.21 Contamination ot commodtty by cotton product tation ob the snaing, pit 122 Phostal dete sb asteule fr sires sortesion stack 13M the specined quality of the com rvdity ts saul bg) transportation wall result harmmlal corteminn-of ie papeline system, card wv sho be established seth the supplier of sinioaity Addibomal Heatment ot the ommnadity PY the supple: can sometimes te d 214 The dewgner diould comader the sunt of addivons) treatment to rede cortunsetty oF Soiniabt an elguon tthe gost ot other Costesian mtagationt methods such as in teased paging use yh cornea anhabutors. anternal Sosting of the pypeline ors combination of these snetiiods 1S Satitactore perfomance of the desig requates that thy specified quahty he maintamned and that atemal cortesion of the pipeline 1s soins Flow Veloxty 32. 1 Design consideration should be given 10 34 Intermittent thew cu aonea where peuble dictate the need tor intermittent thew, dese comuderatien should be given to whtaitniy ah operating velocity slush will pick up snd saeep Ty wpesating eet longer places an the th lowe BIRD 1 water. sediment of other sortenve ccontamingnts ate evpected to secumuigie 8 che pipeline, design vw include hasding recening pupttaps. Operating procedures should he developed and implemented ton adequate ednng 24 Line Sve Changes 4.1 Swedges should be designed to provide o smooth hydraulis tanstoon un lane se theres einmnating pockels oh flow seloaty where sun eam cle 4.2 Dead ends asiigted wl Blind fa Stubs. laterals or nests should Be ssoided dev It thes ste necesars owas. traps. ot tains should be yncluded an dese so sccm luted contosive contaminants an Pe periedic alls graven oft 25 Dehydration and Dewpinnt Conte RIS) Where the presence ut deleenew Ihssentul coetosion dining Hanspees nies a the popeline, delssdhation of thst ge cumedity fteduve ats wate! somlent fe at ay ceptunls love Should Be svuinadened 11 redactiatts ot the wate cuintent aane well pot antiol the pyyected Qunoven ythe, autigatio meted wale as pigomg andor anhibition may Re aved We function wits delydration Gr provide adegnate cortasion contd Devers Arn Where presence of usrpen ime comy modity can couse corrosion during transportsfuon im tne pipeline deaetation of that cam fetentut weld ates bate The ue ut additions muodity Wo feduce ts eyegen coment to at acceptable level stlould be considered The pipe amaeided ar potest lune si stem should he designed tu eliminate om Thee gtess as well as ure oteas testing 4 an enire It semenal ot reduction of oxygen seating Holden alone wall not santiol the expected vortesn luther maigatiow mettiands mas be wsed a ot werk degeration ti pronide adequate on conte D1 te dewgi of pupelanes aia cts Momuotsng bac iies sesmmeties ton eHeniicals Sach a Matai. all omit mb sots, wage avengers ut hac Tastes for deters crv Tenwides ih he oned. fo mitigate conan sd evalustiny cts tnens st tes : desgn sheuld ince prowisione tr nti tuo methods wed sev ning tess soa Fauliies Commderaton should be pe toast include pape ss ote ti lation of auhnies nevessary tor adeyuate teat corrosion swupemns nny a ment ot the ent pipeline Probes, RydiogeR phapes eh Drs oy pico] hide pronioons tier pes 2 Internal Costing Usage the sie ot messed mes at hu prpvline oon gine : BES1 Wheie a como phic 4 a Penge othe fre tie ti . pated, metal vais sss be womoudeted tn Nes that domi te wore tne Pt Tse eases stat appinatioes fete the susan eine rales ars ee Section 4: Corrosion Detection and Measurement 41 Introdecton ARTS Dyweme ot demote an vars + nde: the depose. Uma aw " the degree tu whicts it has progressed. and the cause ot the corrosive condi D2 Vita tmpecn E The ase sat papery has sted cnt bbe an ettectine mest 1 desert euisience. rate, amd 1 pe ot sternal co FIT 1G piping gstens as opened, fo allow siacl a4.ce59 (or the inwWe oF the system, abservativns should be conducted by quuldied personnel te determine the Holton S11 Campons sind peste ate nse indity tes mate he ansyrs . expesed S312 The expose probes i the steam EET Esgence ul sorsenon such as pit depth foo terial pipe surtaces Went types ut omy. veligaty wat ate thaw ass i damage present umes. and the eapested sitios tates A212 Wall Muckness we the most deeply or SET E Coupons or pinta wa he teded ateus 1 cartes Qaitape Bots exist ite tttamedeene taciene ntestied ees whore he armas gaits suittcwie 15 Cacumterentst and longitudinal este amuse patattivent tle! sieivhte materiale ceimuble patiem ot attack vont wnt the pape Mithase, a2 amy de tir oay Gepost sae te coup BLE Prabes sung os Won and aistallalions gre aed 0" peed ALD 14 Pogtaon of the pape ath teypect bs te ded secthon and = ominous testis CRetee ie NACE Pusat Jorn Hecttical Methods tor De roses Rated honsunial at the respect 10 the postions af adjacent pipe se AIO “ss tions rngSS ned 44 Sampling and Chemical Analysis 44) Representative samples should be token when they can be used to devermine the ion count, pH. and concenteattony of sipmiicant corrosive constiivents an the commodats and ot 101 performance tests, such as NACE TMLUE72 ennitieg “AnnTust Properties of Pettey Products Pipelene ( aigoes ” 4.4.11 Samples should be taken only by exper: enced personne! or by thine who have heen instructed a whe proper prosedute 44.12 Clean spigots, containers and sampling envwunment ate necessary for taking ependatle sumples 44.1.3 W lguid water ay present an the sestern be made tur eathon dioxide bydivgen sultide aids, and other analyses may hastens $4} Analyses re devermine other undesirable jcompotundy an the comenadtty sul ats ugg, mas. be made sehich cause scaling and petiodivally 44.1.5 The frequency end comprehensieeness S11 This section describes accepted practices 1 the contol of miternal corrosion sn steel pypeliney and upung ss stern S121 past expenience has shoaen that the pradite!s heme ttansported, particulutly an datuibuann piping ‘ate nyt cottasie to the system, the operates max ‘those feject some oo all of these consideration > Pigg 21 Pies are used tw improve and main internal ape cleanliness by semoving contaminants and de. powts within the pipe Periodic ne clesnung with pigs can) be ued an comuncnon with other corrosion rmangatiom mevsutes cult as chemical mbubvtion. dehy: dation, ete Sone corrusive situations which can be remedied ai least im pat by pegging include S211 Water and other Muids which settle out of the transported commodiy due to insufi scent Now velocity for entramment, mtermittent flow. pressure vemperature teisied solubility chungss, ete These fluids can contain vaygen. 4s fof chemical analysis of any conimodity shold tbe determined by the vurations aad quunbnes ‘of the commodities in the pipetine ster Interna! Inspection Tools 4S.1 Mugnetn, and elections devises used os pipeiine pigs ings he empiuyed for detecting corrosion darage 4811 Conelunon petween comsion dics tony on the lug and sctual distances on the round. 16 sttal (0 enable exact determination ot 48.1.2 Vente pesuse docrmmstians hetween amternal and external corrosion 16 uncertain trent long andes by eNgangbng i mecessaT 4.82 Mechanical calipering tools mss pasung them though sections ot pipeline Pressite Drop Measurements 261 Correlation of periodic pre.site Uiop measure ments sctoss J piven segment gts panehne cant be extrapolated os roughnes due te deposts wits and ot Methods for Controlling Internat Corrosion = S-ngaigen sulfide, casbon dude thionne, ahs asa, and other corcosiees S212 Louse sediment, including corrosion products, scale, sand. ditt, ets. wiusly usnalls promote formation of local corrosion cells on the pipe’s bottom quadtunt, especially an «on unctuon with condatins mt Section 8.2) 4 $2.13 Conysom products, war. wt other sohd depots adhenng to the pipe wall whch can shield actively catroding ateas, thereby fuminng ettectveness of othe measures, such a¢ chemical ibibo sotrosion-munigation S.L2,A vanety of pig. designs ate available, with dittenng degrees of tne leaning capability Some have spring-loaded steel knives, wire brushes, sbiae surfaces. ete for removal ol adhering cuuntsnnanty Others are senvergid an-metalie spheres fy addr Aexible fos pigs cath averse line pipe wt Uitte sues and can pass thisnigh short cadius bends S.2.3 The chowe of pig type depends on the follow me2. Ability of pig to remove contaminants pres- ent b. Cost Ability to traverse pipe segment 4. Compatibility of materials of construction wath commodity , Feasibility of its use from an operations stardpomnt f Presence of other films or coatings 5.3 Removal of Conosive Constituents From the Com: modity S.B.1 Dehydration of the commodity being trans ported can be used when water is present in amounts sufficient to cause corrosion probiems. 5.3.1.1 Free water associated with crude oil and products may be removed by settling out at storage locations or by using water separators, c coalescers, sand-filters. etc. 5.3.1.2 Water associated with gas can be re- moved at vanous locations in the system by ‘water separators, by refrigeration. or by dehy: drators of various types (glycol. dry desiccant, etc,), Dewpoint control ean be used to prevent water separation in the system, $.3.2 Deaeration can be used to remove oxygen in the commodity. In conjunction with deaeration. the entire pipeline system should be searched for points where ait may enter or otherwise contact the commodity. Careful equipment design is important to ensure that ur does not enter the system — 5.3.2.1 Oxygen scavenging chemicals, such as alkaline sulfites, ete., of vacuum deaeration can be used to lower the oxygen content of the » commodity to suitable levels. Effectiveness of oxygen scavengng chemicals is often limited in the presence of hydrogen sulfide $.3.3 Other cortosive constituents, such as acidic sss, organic acids, etc.. cam be removed from the commodity by various means to minimize commodity corrosiity, $.4 Corrosion Inhibition 5.4.1 Addition of cotrosion inhibitors should be com- sudeted a1 a corrosion mutigation measure when trans- porting corrouve commodines. Chapter 9 “Funds rentals of Inhibitors” in the NACE Basic Comotion Course and "Corrosion Inhibition” edvied by C. C. Nathan are valuabe references for the use of corrosion inhibitors. 5.4.2 Numerous types and formulations of corrosion inhibitors are commercially available, each with various 58 chemucal, physical. and handing characteristics making ‘them suitable for certain app 5.4.3 Of foremost importance in choosing a cortesion inhibitor is a firm understanding of the cormsion problem and its cause. Choice will further depend on costeffectiveness compatibility wath commodity: and other additives. ease of handling and injection, and possible adverse effects on downstream proves 54.4 Laboratory tests field tests, industry experience: and inhibitor manufacturer's recommendations.can he useful for sereening infubrtors as to thett ettecin degsee of solubility. compatibnty. required rates. ee yechon 5.48 To increase inbitutor effectiveness. consideration should be given to use of other corrosion mingatian procedures, such as piggng. dehydration, et... ‘conjunction with the inhibition program Internal Coating or Lining, 5.5.1 Internal coating of pipelines provides 2 physical bartier between the steel and the corrosive comaioduty being transported and should be considered as an ‘ternal corrosion control measure. Internal coating may also be considered for selected areas, such as 10 station manifold piping or small diameter gatherng Hines, where it is not feasibie or economical 10 ure ‘other corrosion control measures. ‘The_coating. should have suitable resisiance to atiack by the commodity as well as any contaminants. corrosives, or inhibitors (additwes) associated with 1 and must be compatible with the commodity 50 that the commodity's quality is not adversely aftected 8.5.3 Coatings and linings such a: epoaies. cement ut concrete, plastics. metallic compounds, ety... can be used for selected apphcutions, $.$4 Internal coating can be accomphshed yrnt-hy joint ata costing plant or by coating entire ine segments in-place, Repuidless of where costed. the coating performance 1s dependent on obtaining cartable pipe cleaning and surface preparstion and use of proper application procedures. 5.8.5 Plant applied internal coatings can be electneally inspected; however, verification of in-place coating antegnty 1s not usually feasible. Spot checks by cutting coupons or removing test spools are often used for dus purpose, Where 2 holiday.free coating cannot be anteed and agressive cortosive service is anticir pated, additsonal corrosion mitigation measures, such as imhibiuion, may be required to contiel internal corrosion adequately. ENGINEERS INDIA LTD.EE Section 6: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Corrosion Control Methods 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 This section recommends means for determining the effectiveness of corrosion control in a pipeline system 6.2 Coupons and Probes (See also Section 4.3) 621.1 Coupons and probes can be used to determine the effectiveness of corrosion control methods em ployed. 6.2.2 Coupons and probes should be logically posi- tioned at suitable control points within the system 10 provide meaningful corrosion related measuremen!s 3 Coupons and probes that are used should provide representative and reproducible measurements for the particular application, 6.2.4 Coupon or probe results can be useful for determining time related changes in corrosive condi tions, Emphasis would be placed on relative rather than absolute valves. 6.3 Chemical and Performance Methods (See also Section aay 6.3.1 Commodity sampling should be at regular inter- vals to determine a change in the corrosive medium __ being transported in the pipeline system. 6.3.1.1 Ikon counts can be erratic mn spite of ‘care exercised in obtaining samples: therefore. the overall average of values from several differ: ‘ent samples usually resulis in a better evaluation of system protection, 64 6S 621.2 Consideration must be geen to Ue possible presence of iron in the commodity being transported. If this 16 the case. the item counts may not be significant until the amount of amon in the commodity has besn determined 6.1.1.3 Large amounts of water or the peence of iron sulfides transported with the comwadty lessen the reliability of using inwn count for determining protectuon cttectiveness ‘Vasual Inspection (See also Sector 4.21 64.1. Visual inspection of solid contaminants muy: be sed to monitor protection eflectveness 6.4.2 Changes in volume ot products removed from filters variations in corrosion prevention. wenght md traps cat isa Physical Methods 6.5.1 Petiodic monitoring (magnetic. electronic. ltrs: sonic, radiogtaphic. or caliper type surveys) muy be helpful on some piping systems. OS.11 Adequate knowledge of the dumeter. length, joint type, age. and locativn of the piping. system is necessary to determine the approp: method to be used. =6$.1.2 Subsequent’ measurements should be made at the same location, 65.2 Pressure drop measurements on the sume seg ment of pipeline can be used to monitor the effectne- ‘ness of the corrosion conteol program. Section 7: Operation and Maintenance of Internal Corrosion Control Systems 7.1 Introduction 7.1.1 This section provides practices for operation and mantenance of intemal corrosion prevention systems. 7.2 Pipging (See also Section 5.2) 7.2.1 Any pig inserted into a pipeline should be clean and n good sepair. 7.2.2 Pigging frequency should be adequate to remove contaminants before internal pipe damage occurs due {to corrosion. 0964 7.23 Routine observations should be made of type and amount of cuntamurants removed to evahiste efficiency of prgging. Changes should be made m pig type and frequency used to accomplish deuced pipe cleanliness, 7.24 Seasonal changes muy be required in pEEnE frequency or type of pigs used. Lower temperatures during winter months may fequite removal of water or wax which might cesult in freezing. plugging, oF corrosion problems. 7.2.5 Metallic of abrasive pigs should not be used in FA?13 internally coated pipe. Line cleaning usually can be accomplished with nonmetallic pigs. Inhibitor Treatment or Injection (See also Section 5.4) 7.3.1 Inbibition can usually be accomplished by one fof two general methods: batch (intermittent) treat- ‘ment or continuous injection 73.1.1 Batch treatment normally entails pump- ing a slug of mhibitor solution through the line Frequency of the treatment 1s governed by the remaining effectiveness of the inhibitor after a specified amount of commodity has been moved through the line 73.1.2 Continuous injection consists of con stant addition of a specific proportion of inhibi- tor to the commodity being transported through the pipeline. 7.3.2 Injection facilites vary in design and operation, In general, the mstalltion includes the following: {a) Inhibitor storage vessel Ab) Injector (pump, nozzle, etc.) (c) Measurement device (meter, calibrated sight sas. ete.) (8) Flow controller (needle valve, etc.~the con- ‘uot ean be built into the injector (@) Connection to the pipeline (D) Associated piping and electrical and control hook-ups 7.3.21 Injector designs as simple as gravity feed fijectors and tie more complex proportioning chemical injection pumps and venturi injectors can be used successfully. Adjustable capacity, powitive displacement chemical pumps ae widely ‘sed in liquid pipeline systems, 1.3.2.2 Atomization of inhibitor to produce 2 fine must ot fog in g2s pipelines can be achieved by properly designed nozzies or ventuns. The ventun throat should be sized 10 attain gas movement at the highest practical (sonic) veloc- ity. 73.2.3 Care must be exercised in location of such systems, particularly in distribution piping, 40 that flow-boin mist will not adversely affect the operations of pilot operated regulatory systems, 7.3.24 Materials of construction for the equip: iment should be suitable for continuous service in contact with the inhibitor, Plan catbon stee! ot stainless steels should be sutable in most appt. ‘ations. Stainies steel should be considered for smal! diameter piping or wubing where even minor. rusting could cause plugging or make _ pumping of more wscous hquids difficult. When handling nitrogen-based inhibitors (amines amides, nitrites, etc.), copper ot copper-base alloys should be avoided because stress corrosion enacking might result. Nonmetallic seal and packing materials should be checked for compat bility with the inhibitor formulation, 7.3.3 Points of injection should be chosen to provide maximum benefit in the pipeline system. Injection on the suction ade of pumps takes advantage of pump turbulence to promote mixing of inhibitor with uid Injection through a tube into the center of the pipeline also aids mixing. When 2 ventun is used installation in 2 smaller diameter by-pass is preferted because gs flow at high velocity can be maintained more easily, 7.34 Premixing of diution of the inhibitor can improve handling and promote more rapid dissolution especially between immiscible phases. Viscous inhibi tors can be diluied with 2 compatible, miscible hydrocarbon carrier 10 decrease viscosity, making pumping easier and metering more accurate, especially ~ at low usage fates Premixing water before injection greatly facilitates mixing of inhibitor with line water 7.4 Intemal Coating 7.4.1 If an intemally coated pipeline is opened. the coating should be inspected. Damaged areas should be suitably repaired, if at all feasible, to maintain overall coating integrity. If coating damage is too widespread (repair is otherwise not feasible, supplemental mitiga- tion measures should be considered if the seventy of anticipated corrosion of exposed pipe warrants. Section 8: Corrosion Control Records 8.1 Introdueticn 00. 8.1.1 This section describes 2 system of corrosion control records which can be used to document data pertinent 10 the design, installation, operation, mainte- nance, and effectiveness of internal corrosion control measures, 8,2 Relative to design considerations, the following should be recorded: Foe8.2.1 Analysis of commodity including impurity con: 8.3.1 Visual inspections by qualified personnel includ: tent ing a consideration of Section 4.2 whenever a piping system is opened, 8.2.2 Physical design consideration mmeluding pipe size. wall thickness. grade, flow velocity, line size changes, 8.3.2 Inspection and tests of probes, coupons, and internal coating. and type. etc ‘other monitoring devices such as samples, chemical analysis, mictobiolopcal results, and intemal inspec- 8.2.3 Considerations for treatment such as dehyérs tion twol runs, tion, deseration, chemicals. internal coatings, and monitoring facihites, etc. 4.3.3 Pig runs including date type pig. and amounts of q : water and solids removed by locarions. Relative to detecung. controlling. evaluating corrosion 8.3.4 Name and quantity of inhibitors used, problems, and operations maintenance, the following should be recorded 3.5 Leak and failure records Pred in USA Fos 9089 8 SE Ease ella llallinas ea seieidea alan aasPeSesStie