Economic Survey New 2076.77 PDF

]Ǔ[ ȶ¢DB
DBI
DBII

ȯȡ ȡ

\[Ûğȡ
Ǔ Ȳ ¡ȡȡȡɋ

Ĥȡʞ

]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ]Ǔ[ ǓǒǓ¡Ǿ Ē ]Ǔ[ ǔèǓ ĤǕ
]Ǔ[ Ǘǐ Ǘ¡ǾȪ\èȡǒƲȯ ȯ ȡȯȣ]Ǔ[ ȶ¢
ĤȡǐfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à ǒƴ ]Ǔ[ ǐ Ǘ¡Ǿ ÛȪ ȯ ǔfȡ
Q@ \Ǔȡ ǕġȡèȧǓ ǕƠȡȢ ÛǕ ǒȯ Ȣ Ǖġȡ ǔÑǓ ȡȢ ǒƣȢ
ǐ Ǘ¡Ǿ]Ǔ[èȡǒ×\ǕǗ¡ǕȱȰ fȡQ@Ȫ\Ǔȡ]ȡȡ ɨǕ]fȪ
Ǔȡ[ȡǒèȡfȡȡåȡȡȡȡȡ Ǖȡ]fȪȯ ȪȡÛǔèǓȡ
¡ȯȪ@ǒƣȢ ȯȡȡ`ãȯȢǒèȡfȪȯ ǒȯ ȢȡȢ`× ȡ¡ĤȲ ȯ ȯ Ȫ
@
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à ȫǓ ĤǓ[ ǒƭǕȪ ȯ Ȫ ȯ ǒƭǕ ]ȡ
`ãȯÉÒȰ Ǔȡ[ ȯ¡ǕȡȯȪ@ȫǓǗȡ[ȡǓȡ[ȡ ÛȪĤǓfȪ
@ǕǓ[ȡ[ȯ ǓǓfȪȯ Ǔȡǒƶȫȡ]ȪȡȢēȡȡ[Û[
Ĥȡ Ǖ[ ȶfȪ@
ȡǒ ǓãȪ ȡ ¡ȡȡȣȪ Ǿȡ ȰǓfȪ ȪȪȡ ȡ^ Ȳ Đ ǓÛğ ȡ
ȪȡȪ ȡǓ \à ǐfȡ `ȡ¡Ǿȡ ȡ ]Ǔ[ ǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ ǔàǾȡ
ĤȡǒfȡQ@åȡ ȡǒȡȢȪȡȡȪǔǗ[ ¡Ǖȡȯ ȱȰ Ȫ[ ]Ǔ[
ǙǒƨÛǗ¡Ǖȯ Ĥȡǔà\Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@]ȡȢǑȡȡǐȢȡ_ Ǖǔ¢ȡ`ȱȰ
]Ǔ[ǒĐȡȡ¡ǾȪǕǽ×ȡȡĤȡǓȡȡ ȡ\ǔÕǕȶ]æȡ@
Ǖ Ȫ ]Ǔ[ ǔèǓȪ ȡȯ ȡ ȡȡȣ ȡÉ ȡ¡ȯ Ȱ Ȫȡȡȡ¡ǾȪ
ĤèǕ ȶ¢ Ǖ
ȡǓ `ȪȢ ¡Ǖȯ ǒƳȡ ǓfȪ Ǖ @ Ĥȡ ȡ ȶ ȡ[ȡ Ȳ Ê \[ Ûğȡ
\Û[ȡ àǔÛ Ȱ [ȡȣ¡Ǿ ]æ Øȡǋ ȡ ǒ `Þ ȡ_ ¡Ȫ
Ǖ¡
[
Ǖ ȯ ǒǓǏǓȡȡȡǓȡȣ¡Ǿȡ_ÛȡǑȡ¡ÛǕ @

Ûȡ@
ȯ ȡǕȡǓȡ
\[ÛğȢ

ǒ ǗȢȢ
Ĥȡʞ
ȡǓȡ ǗȢ
ȡ[ ǗȢ
Ȫȣǽ
ȡ[ȡȣ ȡȡȲ
C Ē]Ǔ[ǔèǓ
D Ĥȡȯ ǔ]Ǔ[ȡ ȡȡǔǔèǓ
E ȡ[Ǔǒƣ
F Ǘã
G ǒƣȢ¢ȯğ
H ȡɯ¢ȯğ
I ǐȢǓȡȪȡȣ
J Ǚǒ͕ȡǗǓ Ǖȡ
K `ƭȪ͕ȡǔÏ͕]ǗǓ[[
CB ]ȡ ȡ ¡ȣǒȡ ͕ȡȡaȡ[
CC ȫǓǗȡ[ȡ͕ȡȡȡȡ ʶȡ
CD ȡȡǔ¢ȯğ
CE ǗàǓȪǕǓ[ȡ[
CF Ǖȡ Ĥȡ
CG ȪȪȡȪȡǓÛğ`ȡȡȡ¡

ǒƴ]Ǔ[ǐ Ǘ¡ǽ
\Ǖ ǗȢ¡ǽ

ȡǓȡ ǗȢ
Ȣ
ȡǓȡC
ǒƳ]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ
ȡǓȡC
Ǖ ȡȢȪ]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ
ǔ¢fǔȡȣǕ
ȡǓȡC
ǒƳȪǕġȡèȧǓ
ȡǓȡC
Ǖ ȡȢȪǕġȡèȧǓ
ǔ¢fǔȡȣǕ
ȡǓȡD
Ĥȯ ]Ǔ[ȡ ȡȡǔǐ Ǘ
ȡǓȡE
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǒƣȪǔèǓ
ȡǓȡE
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ ȡ[Ǔǒƣȡ Ǘ
ȡǓȡE
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȡǕ[Ȫȡȡ[×ǒ
ȡǓȡE
ȱ Ȣ[Ȫȡȡ[×ǒ
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕ
ȡǓȡ
͗åǔƠȡå ȡǒèȡȢȯȡàǓfȡȡȡȪǒ
ȡǓȡE
ȡȣ] Ȳ ȡ
ȡǓȡE
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ] Ȳ ȡ
ȡǓȡE
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ[ȡ]ȡè\ǕȡbȪ\Ǖȡ
ȡǓȡE
ǒE[Ȫ Ȳ ȢȡèȪ Ȳ ȡ
ȡǓȡE
]ȡȡ]ȡǐ]ÛǐȪ Ȳ ȡ
ȡǓȡE
Ȳ ȢǒȡÏȪ Ȳ Ȣ ǔʶȪȡ Ì
fȪȡèǒ
ȡǓȡE
ȡȱȡȱǓȪȡèǒ
ȡǓȡE
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȪȪãȣȡȱȡȱ
ȡǓȡE
ǕƠȡȢ[ȡȱȧ ȡ[Ǔbȡ ȡȱȡǒȡ[Þȡ[
ȡǓȡ
\Û ȡȣǒƣ¡èȡÛ
ȡǓȡ
ȱ Ȣ[ȪĤǙǔƣ
Ĥȯ ȡȪǕ
ȡǓȡE
Ĥȯ ȯ[ȪǔèǓ
ȡǓȡE
Ĥȯ Ȫ ǔʶȡǒȡÏȪȪĤȡǓƯ
ȡǓȡE
èȡȢ¡Ȫ[Ȫ\èȡ
ȡǓȡE
èȡȢ¡Ȫȡè Ì
ȡǓȡ
ǒƣȢ¢ȯğ ȡȡĤǕ Ǘ¡ǽ
ȡǓȡG
Ĥȯ ǾȡɇȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȡȡȡ
ȡǓȡG
ĤǕȫǑġȪȡǋ¡ǾȪȡǒ[ǓÛǕǐ[
ȡǓȡG
ȰǕ[ȡ[\Ǔȡ[\Ǖȡ
ȡǓȡ
ǓȪğ\ȫǓȪ\èȡ
ȡǓȡG
ȢȡǓȸȢȡ¢ȯğȪȡȢȪÊ ȡ
ȡǓȡG
ȢȡǓȸǒȪ ÌÉȡ
ȡǓȡG
Ǔ¢ȯȡȡ[ Ǖ¢ȪȪ\èȡ
ȡǓȡH
ǒĤȯ]Ĥȡ¡Ȫ\èȡ
ȡǓȡH
ȡȡȲ ǕƠȡȢȪ\èȡ
ȡǓȡI
ǐȢ àÛȢĤǕ Ǘ¡Ǿ
ȡǓȡI
ĮǔƠ ȶ¢\Ǖ ȡȪȡȣ àÛȢȯ¡ȣĤǕ Ǘ¡Ǿ
ȡǓȡI
ĤȡÛğȢȪȡȡ[ĐȡǓ ǔ[ȪȡȣȪǒ
ȡǓȡI
ȡ_ȯ Ǚǒƨȡ[ĐȪȡȡ[Û\èȡ
ȡǓȡI
ĮèȢǙǓǓȯǒȯ ȢȡǐȪ ÌÉȡ
ȡǓȡI
ĮèȢǙǓǓ_ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡfȡȡȡȪǒ
ȡǓȡI
ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡĮǓȡ`_ȡĤȡƯàȢ¡ǾȪǒ
ȡǓȡ
ȯ ȰȯǔȪȡȣȪǔèǓ
ȡǓȡI
ȰȯǔȪȡȣȪĐȡǙ×Ǖ¡Ǖȯ¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡ]Ǔ[ ¡ȡȡȪǒ
ȡǓȡ
ȰȯǔȪȡȣ àÛȢ ȯȡǓȯ¡ǾȪǒ
ȡǓȡJ
ÛǗ [ǗãȪǒfȡèǕ¡Ǿ
ȡǓȡJ
Ǚǒȡȣ¡ǾȪ`×ȡǔèǓ
ȡǓȡJ
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡĤǕȡƭȡǏȡȣȪĤȯ `×ȡȪ\Ǖȡ
ȡǓȡJ
ĤǓåǔƠǗ\Öȡ`Þȡ
ȡǓȡJ
İȪȢ``×ȡȡȡȣȪȡ`ÛȪǒ
ȡǓȡJ
ǕȡȡȣȯȢȡ[ȪǔèǓ
ȡǓȡJ
¢ȯğȪĤȯ ǔèǓ
ȡǓȡJ
¢ȯğȪèȡȢ¡ǔèǓ
ȡǓȡJ
ÛÛǕ ÌÉȡ KE
ȡǓȡ
`ƭȪȡ[ǒ KI
ȡǓȡ
`ƭȪȸ\Ǖ ȡȡ[ȡȢ KJ
ȡǓȡK
`ƭȪȸȡ]ȡȡǒȯ ȢȡȢȡ`ƭȪ¡ǾȪǒ CBB
ȡǓȡ
ȯ Ǿȡǒȯ ȢȡȢ CBB
ȡǓȡ
Ǖȯ Ǖ ȡ ȡȡ`ƭȪ¡ǾȪĤȯ ǒ CBC
ȡǓȡ
ȯȡȪǒF[Ȫå ȡ ʶȡȪ\ǕǕȡȪ\èȡ CBD
ȡǓȡ
Ĥȯ Ǿȡȡ[fȡàȢȪǒ CBF
ȡǓȡ
kƭȪǓȫǒƨ àǔƣȪǒ CBG
ȡǓȡ
ȯĚȪǓȡ[Ȫ]ȡȪǔèǓ CCC
ȡǓȡ
Ĥȯ \Ǖ ȡ[ȡȪ¡ȡĤȡƯȪãȣ CCF
ȡǓȡCB
Ĥȯ ǒƭǕ¡ǕȱȪǒ CCJ
ȡǓȡCB
ǕǒƭǕ`×ȡ CDB
ȡǓȡ
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȡǕ à àǏfȡǒƭǕ]Ȫȡ CDB
ȡǓȡCB
Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡ȡǒƭǕ¡ǕȱȪ\èȡ CDC
ȡǓȡ
¢ȯğǒƭǕ`Ȫ CDD
ȡǓȡ
Ȳ ȡǐfȪ ǒèȡ CDF
ȡǓȡ
ǓãȪȡȱ[Ȫ ǕǒȡǒèȡȪǔèǓ CDG
ȡǓȡ
Ĥȯ \Ǖ ȡèȡȢ Ȫǒ CDG
ȡǓȡ
Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡ȡǓȡ[fȡ Ȫǒ CDH
ȡǓȡ
ȫȪǓ¢ȯğ\Ǖ ȡèȡȢ ǒèȡ CDH
ȡǓȡ
ȡǐ`ʨ àÛȢ Ǘ¡Ǿ CDJ
ȡǓȡCC
ȯ ȡ[ĚȡȯȪǒ CEB
ȡǓȡCC
Ñ
ȡȡ ǗȡĤǒǓ àÛȢ Ǘ¡Ǿ CEC
ȡǓȡ
ĮåǺæ àÛȢ_ȡ ÌÉȡ CEE
ȡǓȡCC
^ÛȯĤȪȡ[Ȫǒ CEF
ȡǓȡ
ǒǐǕȯ ǓȪ ÌÉȡ CEG
ȡǓȡ
ȡ[fȡğǓğȡȪǕȡ×ǒ CEG
ȡǓȡ
ȡȡǾȡȡ[fȡğǓğȡȪǒ CEH
ȡǓȡCC
ǒƭǕȢ¡èȡ¢Ȫ CEI
ȡǓȡCD
Ȱǔ¢`ǔÞȡ Ǘ¡ǽ CEK
ȡǓȡCD
Ĥȯ \Ǖ ȡǒǓǏ¡ȡǒƭȡȪǒ CFF
ȡǓȡCD
ǒƭȡĤȡ\Ǖ ȡȡǒƭȡȪǒ CFF
ȡǓȡCD
¡ǒƭȡǒƭȡȸǔ¢\Ǖȡ CFG
ȡǓȡCD
ȡǕȡǒ Ȳ èȡǒƭȡȡȡ[ǔ¢ǒ CFH
ȡǓȡCD
ǒƭȡ¡ǔ¢Ȫɇ ǒǍǒ CFH
ȡǓȡCD
ȡǕȡǒǒƭȡȡȡ[ǔ¢ȪĤȯ ǒ CFI
ȡǓȡCD
ǒƭȡ¡ȡǒƭȡȸȡ[Ȫ\èȡ CFJ
ȡǓȡCD
Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIGDBIHȡ¡ǒƭȡȸȡ[Ȫ\èȡ CFJ
ȡǓȡCD
Ĥȯ Ǿȡǒƭȡȸȡ[Ȫǒ CFK
ȡǓȡCD
¡ǒƭȡȸȡ[ àÛȢǒ CGB
ȡǓȡCD
Ĥȯ ǾȡǕǒƭȡȸȡ[ CGC
ȡǓȡCD
Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIFDBIGȡȡÚȡǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ`ǔƣ[ CGD
ȡǓȡCD
ȡÚǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ
ȡǒf f Ȣȣ¢ȡȪĤȯ ǒĤȡǒǓ[ CGD
ȡǓȡCD
Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIFDBIGȡȡÚȡǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ`ƣȢ[ȡğȡȡğȪǒ
ȡǓȡCD
èȡèØ àÛȢ Ǘ¡Ǿ
ȡǓȡCD
èȡèØ Ȳ èȡȰáȡǔƠȪǒ
ȡǓȡCD
Ĥȯ \Ǖ ȡèȡèØ ȯȡȡȡȡǔÛ ÌÉȡ
ȡǓȡCD
ǒèȡǐȪfQȡǒƶȪǓȪȪ
ȡǓȡCD
ǓǕãèȡèØ ȯȡȡ[Đ
ȡǓȡCD
ǒǏȡǐkǓ`ȡ
ȡǓȡCD
Ǖèȡ[ȡȯÛġȡ ȯȡǓȯȪǒ
ȡǓȡCD
¡ȡfȡȡȡǓȡȪ ÌÉȡ
ȡǓȡCD
]ȡǗȡȯȡȢȡ ȡ^ȪǔèǓ
ȡǓȡCD
åǔƠȡȡ[ CHH
ȡǓȡCD
ǗǔǙȪȡȡȡȪȡȡ[Ȫǒ CHI
ȡǓȡCD
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡƣȡǒ CHJ
ȡǓȡC
ǓȢ]ȡ ǕǓ[ȡ[ȪǔèǓ CHK
ȡǓȡC
¢Ǔfȡ ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ ȡǕǓ[ȡ[ȪǔèǓ CIB
ȡǓȡCF
ȯȡȪ]ȡȡǒ¡ȡǕǽǓȡȢ[ȡȣǒ CIE
ȡǓȡCF
ȡȯȢȡǕȡǒ£ȡȡǓ ȡǐ fȡ`àȯȡ ÌÉȡ CIF
ȡǓȡCG
ȰȯǔȪȡȣǒĤȯ]Ĥȡ¡ CIJ

ȡ[ ǗȢ
Ȣ
ȡ[C
ǒƳ]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ D
ȡ[C
ȯȡȡȢȪǕġȡèȧǓȪǕȡ×ǒ F
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡǙǒƨ G
ȡ[C
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ Ȳ ȡ H
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪǙǒƨȡ¢ȯğȪȡ H
ȡ[
`Ȫ Ȳ ȡ I
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØǕȡǒƶ J
ȡ[
ȡȢȪĤǙǔƣ J
ȡ[
ȱ ȢǓȡ[
ǔèȡȢ Ȳ ȡ
ǕǔèǕ K
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØȡȢ\Û CB
ȡ[
ǕȡǒƶȡȢ\Û CB
ȡ[
ĤǓåǔƠ]ȪǙǒƨ CC
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ¢ȯğǙǒƨ CD
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡǙǒƨ CE
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡ`ƭȪ¢ȯğȪȪȡǙǒƨ CF
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǓȡ[¢ȯğȪȪȡǙǒƨ CF
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ¢ȯğȪȪȡǙǒƨ CG
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡ¡Ȫȡȯ ƴǕȯ Û¢ȯğȪȪȡǙǒƨ CH
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡȡȡȡ ʶȡȡÖȡȪȪȡǙǒƨ CI
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǐèȯ åȡ ȡǒ ȯȡ¢ȯğȪȪȡǙǒƨ CJ
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡ ȡ[ǓĤȡ ȡ¢ȡ¢ȯğȪȪȡǙǒƨ CK
ȡ[D
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪĤȯ Ȳȡ DB
ȡ[D
Ĥȯ Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪǙǒƨ DC
ȡ[E
ȡ[Ǔǒƣǐ Ǘ DG
ȡ[E
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ[ȪĤǙǔƣ DH
ȡ[E
ȡèȪĤǙǔƣ DH
ȡ[E
Ǖ ȡ[ǓbȪĤǙǔƣ DI
ȡ[E
]ÛǐbǐȡȪĤǙǔƣ DI
ȡ[E
b ȯȡ[ȪĤǙǔƣ DJ
ȡ[E
ȱ Ȣ[ǒƣȢåèȡȪĤǙǔƣ
ȡǕ[Ǖ DK
ȡ[E
ȱ Ȣ[ȪĤǙǔƣ
Ǖ ED
ȡ[E
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡĤǓƨȡȪǔèǓ EJ
ȡ[E
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ`ȪȪǔèǓ EK
ȡ[E
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ`ȪȪ Ȳ ȡ EK
ȡ[E
ȯȡȰȯ Ȳ ÛğȡǐȡǓ\Ûȡ[ǒƶǒȡ ¡ȡȡ FB
ȡ[E
ǒǓȪȡȰȯǔbȡǒ×ȡȯ ȪĤȡ FC
ȡ[F
Ēȡ¢ȯğ`ȪƠȡǕġȡǔèǓ FJ
ȡ[G
DBIHǕ ȡÛȡǒƣȢĤȡȣȪ àǔƣȡǒ×Ȫ Ȳ ȡ GC
ȡ[G
ÞȡȪĤǙǔƣ GG
ȡ[G
ɇȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȡĤȡǒ¡¢ȯğȡ[ GH
ȡ[G
ȯÜ ȯ ǗȡǋȯÜ ȯÝȪ Ǘȡǋ GI
ȡ[H
ǕåȡȡȡǓȡ[]ȡȪ\Ȳ HD
ȡ[H
ȡƻ¢ȯğȡĤǕǐ Ǘ¡Ǿ HE
ȡ[I
ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡfȡȡȡȪȯ ǒ IC
ȡ[J
]Ǔ[ǙǒƨȡǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡ IH
ȡ[J
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡȡƭȡǏȡȣȪ`×ȡ× JB
ȡ[J
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡ¡ȡȣȪ`×ȡ Ȳ ȡ JD
ȡ[J
`ǕȪ`×ȡǙǒƨ JE
ȡ[J
ǔȡȪ`×ȡǙǒƨ JF
ȡ[J
ȡȡȪ`×ȡǙǒƨ JF
ȡ[J
ǓãȪG[Ȫȡ ǕȪ`×ȡ JG
ȡ[J
ǓãȪG[Ȫȡ ȡǓȪ]ȡ JI
ȡ[
Ĥȯ Ǿȡ`ƭȪȡȡȢȪ\èȡ KI
ȡ[
ǒ[ȡèȢǙǓĤȡƯ`ƭȪ¡ǾȪǒ KK
ȡ[K
ǕĤèȡǒǒȯ ȢȡȢ KK
ȡ[K
Ĥȯ Ǿȡȡ[fȡǒȯ ȢȡȢȡ`ƭȪ¡ǾȪǒ CBC
ȡ[
Ǖ Ȫå ȡ ʶȡȪ\ǕǕȡȪ\èȡ
ȡ[Ǖ CBE
ȡ[
àȢȡ[Ȫ ÌÉȡ CBE
ȡ[K
ȯĚȪǓȡ[ȪÖȡ¢ȡȡȡȡǏȯ\èȡ CCC
ȡ[
[] ÌÉȡ CCD
ȡ[Ȭ
ȯ Ǿȡ[] ÌÉȡ CCE
ȡ[Ȭ
ħȪ`Ƨȯæ\Ǖ ȡ[] ÌÉȡ CCF
ȡ[CB
ǒƭǕȡ]ǗǓ[ȢȪ\Û CCK
ȡ[CB
aȡ[Ȫ\èȡ CDD
ȡ[
¢ȯğǒƭǕ CDE
ȡ[CC
Ĥȯ èȡȢ ȪǔèǓ CDH
ȡ[CC
ȪǕǍȯǕȪǒ CDI
ȡ[CC
ȯ ǓȪȪ¡ǕȱǕ
ȯ Ȫ ÌÉȡ CED
ȡ[CD
ǗĤ[ ȡǓǔ¢ȡȡǕȡ[ȡǓȡ ȯÛġȪ\ǕǓfȡȡȡǓȡ CFC
ȡ[CD
Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIDBIHȡ¡Ǖǒƭȡȸȡ[ CGB
ȡ[CD
ȡ¡ȯãȡ^ȡȡȡǔÛȡȡǓȡ CHD
ȡ[CD
]ȡǗȡȯȡȢ ȡ^Ȫ¡ǕȱǕȯȪ ÌÉȡȪĤǙǔƣ CHF
ȡ[C
ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ ȡǕǓ[ȡ[ȪǔèǓ CIC

JxND_młY

$4''% $LU4XDOLW\'DWD'LVSOD\%RDUG
$57 $QWL5HWUR7UHDWPHQW
$59 $QWL5HWUR9LUDO
%23 %RUGHU2XWSRVW
&&0& &29,'&RRUGLQDWLRQDQG0DQDJHPHQW&HQWHU
&2320,6 &RRSUDWLYH DQG 3RYHUW\ 5HODWHG 0DQDJHPHQW
,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHP
&RYLG &RURQD9LUXV'LVHDVH
'5'& 'LVDVWHU5HFRYHU\'DWD&HQWHU
)'8 )RUJHU\'HWHFWLRQ8QLW
*$/6 *HQGHU$FWLRQ/HDUQLQJ6\VWHP
*166 *OREDO1DYLJDWLRQ6DWHOOLWH6\VWHP
*36 *OREDO3RVLWLRQLQJ6\VWHP
,'' ,RGLQH'HILFLHQF\'LVRUGHU
/$3$ /RFDO$GDSWDWLRQ3ODQIRU$FWLRQ
/0%,6 /LQH0LQLVWU\%XGJHWDU\,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHP
/50,6 /DQG5HFRUGV0DQDJHPHQWDQG,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHP
12& 1R2EMHFWLRQ&HUWLILFDWH
13 1DWLRQDO3RUWDO
17,6 1HSDO7UDGH,QWHJUDWHG6WUDWHJ\
205 2SWLFDO0DUN5HDGHU
3/0%,6 3URYLQFH/LQH0LQLVWU\%XGJHWDU\,QIRUPDWLRQ6\VWHP
307&7 3UHYHQWLRQRI0RWKHUWR&KLOG7UDQVPLVVLRQ
4(5 4XLFN(FRQRPLF5HWXUQ
5) 5HYROYLQJ)XQG
6(( 6HFRQGDU\(GXFDWLRQ([DPLQDWLRQ
626<6 6RIWZDUH6\VWHPVDQG6ROXWLRQ
6X75$ 6XE1DWLRQDO7UHDVXU\5HJXODWRU\$SSOLFDWLRQ
7,)$ 7UDGHDQG,QYHVWPHQW)UDPHZRUN$JUHHPHQW
7,3 7UDGHDQG,QYHVWPHQW3URJUDP
:6$ :HE6HFXULW\$XGLW

1. (-19) ब$%

( ) *)'+ऽ -./ * % 01 ब$ )
&' (
+ऽ$ - 2 345 6733% .8 9:' 6-/ ौ<=
8>4 01 $ 9) ब (ः'' 9@
*)'+ऽ A BCBC D.C ू'
'% (2 (% *+' F (ि H ू&%$
% 01
2. 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ M-' 9) N:2 +'HO
3% .8 0A1 (िःP', 3%.
, (R +'(, - S
N:2 9) ः) 7 *(: (T3 - 0A1 ' H % 9) < U3 (673 :>) `'
7.3 ू'
' % 01
4. 9) H BCJK/JJ ू'.R ( -ःc 673 (ू2' :>) -'
H '( J.d ू'
'% 4e% . ] 8 BK O ]f (*%NP ],Cfd)
(g% *( 01
5. 9) H BCJK/JJ ू) &%ऽ, ij' &%ऽ '<' &%ऽ < U3 ब
:
B.d ू'
', D.4 ू'
' 2.0 ू'
' % *( 01 ), ( -ःc
673 ू), ij' '<' &%ऽ -3 ब
m Bf.B ू'
', ]D.J
ू'
' df.1 ू'
' % *( 01
6. -' % H3%.8 (िःP' 3
`'+3 ' % 019) H
BCJK/JJ -( `' 6R (िःP' 3 K.d ू'
' % 01
*.W> 9) H *X ः' (िःP' 3 o.B ू'
' % )1
7. 9) H BCJK/JJ ( 6- ( -ःc 42' ( -ःc 673
ब
: 81.9 ू'
' 18.1 ू'
' % *( 01 -]^ ब$
) A +ऽ$ - 2 345 O A O &%ऽ
82 9 q(2% 9) H BCJK/JJ ( - -' 9) H
'( D.o ू'
'% +: @ . ]f 84 f^ *4 BK (% *( 01
8. 9) H BCJK/JJ ू3%
-' ( -ःc 673 < U3 (3:.r ू3%

4+3 4e o.] ू'
' 4-' ू3%
4+3 ].B ू'
' % *(
01 -, $ ू3%
D.K ू'
', ू3%
.] D.o ू'
', -sP ू3%

B.J ू'
' ू3%
. B B.D ू'
'% 9) %t ' ूu 01
v%3T- 4e% 01 9+'N ') w x$ ः) T
2 ' 01
11. 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ ( 82 -' 9) H
*X '( ]B.^ ू'
'% < U @ . K 84 ]C *4 Kf % 01
T -' 82 . 96 *4
82y% 2( 82 . 4 84 50 *4 Jf , :O
48 S ः) . KD *4 42 % 01
12. 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ W .z' H { H O/
Oः -' 9) H *X '( ^.o ू'
'% < U @ .d
84 oK *4 J^ % 01 Oy% Oः .4 84 97 *4 54
*+ Oः .o^ *4 Bd % 01
13. 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ W Oः -' 9) H
*X '( ^.K ू'
'% 5 4TT5 0 % 2( 9) H -(/ ः'
>5 [.B *4 of q 01
15. 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ *(3 . ]K *4 ]^ x$ . ^D
*4 ^ - . ] 84 ^ *4 Bf ' ू'4U' ूu
01
16. BCJK */ ( ' 4TP O x$ [. ]C 84 oJ *4 ^C
% . ^] *4 ^C ) @ BCJK -(/ ( ' 4TP O
x$ . ]] 84 D^ *4 fC (-% 01 9+'N x$ . o 84 oC
*4 d w x$ . K 84 ^^ *4 Jd % 01
17. S &%ऽ ि'( ः' (T3 - 01 S (T2 *%t ः' 01 BCJK -(/ BJ .${ 4| , BD
4| , BB S /, f^ W( S S ः) ] :X 4| -
( ]KB 4| ') S ः) z % 0A1 4| ') S ः) A
W( S S ः) %'
8 }t ^,KoC (-% 01 BCJK -(/
JoK ः) ' .${ 4|
8 (-% 01 4| ') S ः)
N4 61.0 ू'
' -N ./' 8' % 01
18. 9) H BCJd/JK -(/ 4| ') S ः) &% ^.J ू'
'%
4e% 2( 9) H *X f.0 ू'
'% 9) H *X
ः'<' (िू3 f.o ू'
'% 4e% ) % }(.2' (िू3 C.J ू'
'%
W5% )1
20. 9) H BCJ6÷JJ -( O &%ऽ' O < U ]].D ू'
'
% 019) H BCJd/JK -( ः' < U3 ]d.J ू'
' % )1
21. BCJd -(/ % ः5 ~2%+O :2<' / }t BCd %
BCJK -(/ ः' }t B]B (-% 0 1 BCJK -( +' X'ऽ
4O (TO$ BCJd -( +' '( Bo.J ू'
'% < @ . ]J
84 KC *4 ^D % 01
22. BCJK -(/ 4 (T2 (-% O}t BB.C ू'
' % 01 3%.

O- O% 3 ' 26.0 ू'
' Oqt 4 (T2 (-% 01
23. 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ ः) }t Do O f
T . JJ *4 Bo
DJ,
% 3ः }t Kd 8 ]d O o KC
% (O
% 01 &%ऽ Kf O o ू7& O- O 0 1
24. 9) H BCJ6/JJ -(/ ( ः'( ' BB.D ू'
'% < U @ .
Jo *4 ^] (-% 0 % ः'( 9' B.K ू'
'% W5% . ^ 84 Bo *4
Bo % 01 *X ः'( W5 o.D ू'
'% q(2 @ .
f 84 o^ *4 DD % 01 9) H BCJd/J6 *X ः'
W5 Bo.o ू'
'% 4e% . f 84 fJ *4 ff (-% )1
25. 9) H BCJd/J6 -(/ . df *4 ^^ % W5 %

X+' .ः)' 9) H BCJK/JJ *X .DJ *4 fo %
42' % 01 9) H BCJd/JK -(/ .] 84 ^] *4 o^
% W5 % 2( 8' 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ (X @
.] 84 Bo *4 ^D % 01
26. 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ ू%H$ 9ू ].f ू'
'% < U @ . d
84 ^B *4 oB (-% 01 -' 9) H *X ू%H$ 9ू
BD.o ू'
'% 4e% . d 84 fB *4 ]^ (-% )1
27. BCJK -( +' ( 3%
.z' 2076 * 10 84 39 *4
45 4e% .]] 84 DK *4 d] (-% 01 .z' ]C ः'(
9' f.f ः'( ') % 9' X u % 01
28. BCJK * +' '( BCJK -( +' % [T *%NP T-
J.J ू'
'% *:> @ *%NP 8N3 3 . ]]f.oo
% 01
29. 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ BK .O> ]B 8 Bd O WN

4(9 -N4 - 'c - -N4 % 8( % D 8
^] O f D] WN 2 0A1
30. ूX+ऽ O- ब *+'-' 9) H BCJd/JK ' ू3%
KoK
ः) ' ब[ z @ ] 8 ff O .R[% `'
]B.oD i3 O- 0A1
31. BCJK 6 ] -'%3%.8 -: -3 9XN' .O (& O *+'-'
/ Jo .O> ]B O B fJ O-3' :.2<' 0A % ]
8 dB O -3' 3' 0A1 -3'[45 .O (&
H . JJ fJ 8 O/ 01
32. 9) H BCJd/JK '( 9) H BCJK/JJ X 4 &%ऽ
B.B ू'
'% W5% 0 % 673 1.05 ू'
'% W5% 01 2( 9) H
X 4 6737 % < U 01
33. 2( 9) H -(/ 6- -45 ः<' 3%.
- -' 9)
H *X '( ]Kd.4 ू'
'% < U @ . B^ *4 KJ (-%
01 - 445 *X . 1 84 55 *4 - ः<' 01
`- '$ $ - -N '-', :, 27 (X ')
ू ब-' $ $ 3%.
- 43 - 01 - -
+3( % %+ि 2 9 01
34. 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ 6- . B] 84 ] *4 od (
- % 01 V: , v 6- K 8 ]o O f BJ %
O- 0A1
35. 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ 5 9- *X 5 &%ऽ 4e * % 01
36. 'ो $ -T6 O% T - WH$ $
% &%ऽ 44 - Oqt 62.2 ू'
' (-% 01
37. BCJK -(/ ( Ot 90.0 ू'
' Ot (' (T2 (-%
01 ( (' 673 -' H '( f.D ू'
'% < U @ ]Ddd %-5
(-% 01
38. ( W45 $ $'
9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ (
ः) ' ऽ% ]d O B do 5, 8s.ः' ^
O B d] 5 2 ^ O f oB 5 - :
/4@ Do O D oJ 5 (-% 01 ू3%
ः)ः'45
61 O 3 95 5 $ 01
39. 9) H BCJd/JK / % 6 *+' F (% }t B^
% 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ ः' }t DC (-% 01 4
z % ः) }t Dd (-% 01
40. 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ F -4 9Oy% -'4(U
*+' F ः) $ fK.0 ू'
' 8 *+' F ः)
$ dK.0 ू'
' / 01
41. O-/O(-4i3 JC .. % -y% 9) H BCJK/JJ
-(/ dK 5 % - $ / 01
42.
.& ऽ BCJK ू) ' 8(3 3 ^J.] ू'
', 9X:' '
^D.o ू'
' y ' oJ.K ू'
' (-% 01 -' H '(
'-' 8(3 ) 3 (X 0 1 ' .
&
' .
01
43. BCJK -(/ dd .O> dCd ः) ' ःःc 4 ब
ः' 01 ब BK 8 fJ O f]C O 4' 0A
Oy% Bd.] ू'
' *' -4 % 0A % 4 3 8 O% -N 0A1
44. BCJK -(/ ( Oqt ^0.C ू'
' O}t 9X:'
8% ')
'ू'
' O}t 9X:' ( X (-% 01
45. BCJK -(/ :/45 &' O 9 63.3 ू'
', O
Jo.] ू'
', ('.7 /3 oD.J ू'
', ःःc ः) dd.9 ू'
',
fo.] ू'
' (& dC.7 ू'
' ($
/ 01
46. म, ब$ ) ') +ऽ$ - 3[ 2>( *.W/
*)'+ऽ 9X:' N:2[ ब +'Hू3 % 3% .8+0A1
' '7r' *ः) 9) -' X .
) (T3 OT3 9)
ः) 7 N:2[ 2 3 - 01
C Ē]Ǔ[ ǔèǓ
C Ē]Ǔ[ǔèǓ
ǒƳ\[Ûğ
Ûğ
]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ
ƨ
Q Ȫ ǕǾȯ ǔ Ȱ ǒƳåȡȢ ¡ȡȡȣȪ Ǿȡ ȰǓfȪ ȪȪȡ ȡ^
Ǖ Ȫ ȡȰǒƳ\[ÛğȡàȢ\ ȯ Ȫ

ȪǓȪ Ȳ ĐȯȡȢ¢Ǔ¡Ǖ
@ Ȫ Ȳ ĐȪ ǓÛğ [ ǒƳåȡȢ Ǿȡ \à ǐfȡ ¡Ǿȡ
`×ȡȯ ǔ ]ǗǓ[ àȪ ĮǙǌȡ ãǓfȪ @ ¡ȡȡȣȪ \ ȡ ǐȢ
ȯȪȡȣȡȡȯ Ȫ@Ȫ Ȳ ĐȯǒƳ\[ÛğȰÛȣ[ȯǓfȪ\Ûȡ[ǒƶ
Ǔȡ¡ǾȪ\Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@
ȪȪȡ ¡ȡȡȣȪ Ȳ Đ ǓÛğ [ȡ ȡǓ \à ȯ ȡ ¡Ǿȯ Q
ȡ ǒƳ \[Ûğ ĤǓȯ ǒèȡ ¡Ǖȯ [ ǐfȪ \Ǖȡ ǒǐ
ĤǓȯ ÌǕ¡Ǖȯ Ĥ¢ȯ\Ûȡ[ǒƶǕġȡȪȯ ȯ Ȫ@ȪǓȪ
Ȳ Đ ĐȬ ¡ǕȱȰ _ Q Ȫ ȪĮȪ ğȰ ȡǓ Ǔ ]Ǔ[ \èȡ
ȡȡÛȢ¡Ǖȱȡ Q ȡǒƳ\[ÛğĤǓȯ ǒèȡ¡Ǖȯ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ
ǕġȡȪȯĤ¢ȯȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡ
ǒƳ]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ
ĤǓȡ
ȡǓȡC

Ûğ
\[Ûğ DBCG
DBCG DBC
DBC DBCI
DBCI DBCJ
DBCJ DBCK
DBCK DB
DB
ǒƳ\[Ûğ EG EF EK EH DK EB
ǒǓ \[Ûğ DE CI DG DD CI HC
`ȣȡȡǒȡ Ȣ\[Ûğ FE FH FJ FG EI CB
`ȣȡȡǒȡ Ȣfǔȡ HJ HJ HI HE GG CB
Ǖ
ÚǗ[ ȡ`ƣ\ǒĥȧǕ DF GG CI CB BE EE
`ȣȡȡǒȡ ȢǕȪ BK CJ FB ED DC GD
Ǖ
ǗȪǒǕǓȡǕ DG DD DK DE CI IC
ÛǗ]fȡǒȡ Ȣ\[Ûğ FH EJ FJ GC GC BF
İȪ\Ûȡ[ǒƶǕġȡȪDBĤ¢ȯ
Ǖ ¡ǾȪǓȪĤȡȡȣĤȡǒ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@ Q

ǒ ȢǕ
Ǖ ¡ǾȪ]Ǔ[ǙǒƨĤǓȯ ÌǕ¡Ǖȯ Ĥ¢ȯ¡ȯȪ
ȡȢǕ
ȯ`ȣȡȡǒȡ Ȣ\[ÛğĤǓȯ ÌǕ¡Ǖȯ Ĥ¢ȯ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ǒƳ \[Ûğȡ ȪǓ Ȫ Ĥȡ Q Ȫ ¡ȡÛȣ Q Ȫ
ǒƣȢ Ȳ Ûȡȣ¡ȯȪ\Ûȡ[ǒƶǕġȡȪȪ\Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@ȪĤȪȪ
ȡ Q Q ȡǒƳȪǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡǐǒĚǓ

\ȯǐȧȡȪȪÈ ȡȢ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@\Ûȡ[ǒƶǕġȡȪȡ
Ǖ ¡ǾȪĤǓåǔƠ]ÒȯĤ¢ȯ¡ȯ Ȫ@
èǕ

ȡ[C
ǒƳ]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ
ĤǓȡ
ƨ
ĤǓȡ

ǒƳ\[Ûğ ǒǓ \[Ûğ `ȣȡȡ `ȣȡȡ ÛǗ]fȡ
ǒȡ Ȣ\[Ûğ ǒȡ Ȣfǔȡ ǒȡ Ȣ\[Ûğ

k
İȪ\Ûȡ[ǒƶǕġȡȪDB
QDBCȡȢȪ\[ÛğĤǓȯȯ Ȫȡ QDBȡĤǓȯ

Ǖ ¡ǾÚȯ Q ȡ
ȡğ ǒèȡ ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ @ ǔ¢ fǔȡȣ Ǖ
ĤǓȯ ǙǒƨfȪȡȢ\[Ûğ Q DBȡĤǓȯ ȡğǒèȡ¡Ǖȯ
Ǖ ¡ǾÚȯ
Ĥ¢ȯ\Ûȡ[ǒƶǕġȡȪȯ ȯ Ȫ@ QDBȡǔ¢fǔȡȣǕ
ȡǑß ĮȢȲ ȡȡǒèȡ\ȡǓèȡȪ\[Ûğ ÌǕǔ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ
Ǖ ¡ǾÚȯ ȪǓ Ȫ Ĥȡ ȰÛȡ ȣ ȡǔãß Ȫ
@ ǔ¢ fǔȡȣ Ǖ
\[Ûğȡȶ ȰÛȡ\ ȯȡȡȶ\Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡC
ǔ¢fǔȡȣǕ
Ǖ ȡȢȪ
ȡȢȪ
Ȫ]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ
ƨ
ĤǓȡ
Ǖ
Ǖ DBCG
DBCG DBC
DBC DBC
DBC DBCJ
DBCJ DBCK
DBCK DB
DB
Ȳȡȯ HJ ID IH JB IK DB
Ǘȡ HD IF HE EI GE DI

ȡ J JE I HC FD CK
ȡǔãß DK HE HJ HK GI JC
ȯȡ EE BH JD HI IC DG
ĮȢǋȡ G FG EH EE DE BG
ȡǒèȡ FC FH GD GG EE CG
\ȡǓèȡ CB DD DK DI EB EB
Ȣ HK HJ HK HI HC CD

İȪ\Ûȡ[ǒƶǕġȡȪDB Ĥ¢ȯ

ǗãǔèǓ
ǔèǓ
\Ûȡ[ǒƶǕġȡȪȯ ǒǓ \[ÛğȪǗãǙǒƨ Q ȪǕȡȡ Q

DBȡĤǓǓÛǕȯȢ]_ĤǓ¡Ǖȯ Ĥ¢ȯȯ Ȫ@× Ȱ ȣ
`ȣȡȡǒȡ Ȣ\[ÛğȪǗãǙǒƨ QDBCȡĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫȡ
QDBȡFĤǓ¡ȯĤ¢ȯ¡ȯȪ@`ȣȡȡǒȡ Ȣfǔȡ
Ǖ ¡ǾȪ ǕġȡèȧǓ
`ȣȡ ȡ ǒȡ Ȣ ǕȪ ÚǗ[ ȡ `ƣ \ǒĥȧ Ǖ
ÒȯÛǗ]fȡǒȡ Ȣ\[ÛğȪǕġȡèȧǓȯĤ¢ȯ@
ȪǓȪĤȪǓÛğ[\ȡfȡǒƳåȡȢȢǓȡȡȡȡȡȪ ȡȰ
]Ǔ[ ǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ ǕèȡfȪȯ ȯĚȪǓ ȡ[Ȫ Ǘã `ãȯȢ Ǿȯ ȯ Ȫ
@ Q Ȫ ȣȪ Íȡ ȯĚȪȣ ȡ[Ȫ Ǘã \ȯǐȧ
ĤǓåȡȯ ȡȯ QȪ\ǒĤȡ\ȯǐȧȡȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡC

C

ǒƳȪǕġȡèȧǓ
ȡèȧǓ
`ȪƠȡǗãȡ]ȡǐĤǓ
Ûğ
\[Ûğ DBCG
DBCG DBC
DBC DBCI
DBCI DBCJ
DBCJ DBCK
DBCK DB
DB
ǒǓ \[Ûğ BE BJ CI D CF BG

`ȣȡȡǒȡ Ȣ\[Ûğ FE FE FJ G FH
`ȣȡȡǒȡ Ȣfǔȡ DF DH ED E
`ȣȡȡǒȡ ȢǕȪ HC HG GC
Ǖ ¡Ǿ
ÚǗ[ ȡ`ƣ\ǒĥȧǕ GH GD HI CC KD JD
ÛǗ]fȡǒȡ Ȣ\[Ûğ HH JJ KF JK JG KI
Ǖ ¡ǾÚȯ Ȳ ȡȯ

Q DBC Ȫ Ǖȡȡ Q DB ȡ ǔ¢ fǔȡȣ Ǖ
Ǖ ¡ǾȪ`ȪƠȡǕġȡèȧǓÕȯ\Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@ Q
ȡȡ¡ȯ\Û ȰǕ
DBȡȯȡȪ`ȪƠȡǕġȡèȧǓ Q DBCȪFĤǓȡȯ
ĤǓ¡ȯ\Ûȡ[ǒƶǕġȡȪȪĤ¢ȯ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡC

C
Ǖ ȡȢȪ
ǔ¢fǔȡȣǕ ȡȢȪ
ȪǕġȡèȧǓ
ȡèȧǓ

`ȪƠȡǗãȡ]ȡǐĤǓ
Ǖ
Ǖ DBCG
DBCG DBC
DBC DBC
DBC DBCJ
DBCJ DBCK
DBCK DB
DB
Ȳȡȯ GH GH GI GG

Ǘȡ GG ED GF DI DH EC
ȡ EH EF FG EE
ȡǔãß CK BJ DE CF CE CG
ȯȡ FC FH HI
ĮȢȲ ȡ HH FE FE FI
\ȡǓèȡ G BH DE FI

Ǖ
Ǖ DBCG
DBCG DBC
DBC DBC
DBC DBCJ
DBCJ DBCK
DBCK DB
DB
ȡǒèȡ EK HI CCC

Ȣ CH DC DK E
ȯȡȪ Qȯ ǔ àȪk ǕġȡèȧǓĤǓ¡ȯȪȯ

Ǖ ¡ǾȡȢȪèȪǕġȡèȧǓĐȬCĤǓĤǓ
ǓȯȧǕ
¡ȯȪ@ Q ȡȢȪǕġȡèȧǓÕȯȡȪǕġȡèȧǓÒȯ
\Ǖȡ\Ûȡ[ǒƶǕġȡȪȯ ȯ Ȫ@
ȡ[C
ȯ
ȯȡȡȢȪǕġȡèȧǓȪǕȡ×ǒ
ĤǓ

ĤǓȡ
ȡ
ȡ

ȯȡ ȡ Ȣ
k

İȪ\Ûȡ[ǒƶǕġȡȪDB

Ûğ
ȡǒƶ\[Ûğ
ƨ
]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à ǒƴ ]Ǔ[ ǐ Ǘ¡Ǿ ÛǕǓ
ÛȪ ¡ȯȪȡ Q Ȫ ǕǾ ȯ ǔ ǒƳȡ ¡ȡȡȣȪ Ǿȡ ȰǓfȪ
ȪȪȡȡ^
ȪǓȡȯȡǓĤȡǒfȪ@ȪǓȪ Ȳ Đ
ǓÛğ Ȫȡ ȡ `ȡȪ ȡǓ \à ȯ ȡ `ȡ¡Ǿȯ Ē \[Ûğ
Ǖ ȪǙǒ`ƭȪȡȡȡ[¡Ȫȯ ȡȯ ƴǕȯÖ
ĤȡǒfȪ@ ȡǕ
Ǔȡ[ȪȡǕġȡåȡȡȡ ȯȡ¢ȯğȡȣ\ ȶȯ ǔÛ@ȪǓȪ
Ǖ ¡ǾÚȯȯȡȡ¡Ǖȯ \Ûȡ[ǒƶǓȡ¡ǾȪ
ĤȪȪ\ ǔ¢fǔȡȣǕ
\Ǖȡ¡ȯȡǓȪ[ ]Ǔ[ǙǒƨÛǗ_ǐȢȯȪȡȣȡȡȶ ǔèǓ
@
]Ǔ[[ȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
]ȡǗǗãȡĤǓȯ
Ǚǒƨ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@ Ȱ ȣ`×ȡȪǗãȡ]Ǔ[[ȡǕ
ȡ¡[èØ`×ȡĤǓȯǙǒƨ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[

Ȫ]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ
`×ȡȪǗãȡĤǓfȪ Ȳ ȪǓ\Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ
ȯ]Ǔ[[ȡèȪǙǒƨĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȡǙǒȰǙǒ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨǙǒƨĐ

ĤǓĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[ȡèȪǙǒƨĐ
ĤǓĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡǙǒ¢ȯğ[
×èȡȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨȪǙǒƨ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡÕȯ
ȰǙǒ¢ȯğ[ȡȢȡ`×`ƭȪǓȡ[¡Ȫȯ ȡȯ ƴǕȯÖfQȡȡȡ
Öȡ ʶȡ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨȪǙǒƨÒȯ\Ǖȡ@

ǓãȪ[Ȫk ]Ǔ[ǙǒƨĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@ \ǓȡǙǒ

ȰǙǒ¢ȯğȪǙǒƨȡǒ[k ĐĤǓGĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ǓãȡȢ[ȡȯ ]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ`×ȡȪǗãȡk ĤǓ¡ȯȪ
@
ȡ[

Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡǙǒƨ
ƨ
]ȡǗǗãȡ

Ǚǒ ȰǙǒ Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ

İȪȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡDBII Ύ\ǕȡǓ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡÒȰ fȪȯȰǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡ

ÕȰ fȪ @]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ Ǚǒ ¢ȯğȪ
ȪȡDIĤǓȰǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡIĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[
[DBIIȡǙǒ¢ȯğȰǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡĐ
DĤǓIĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@[ȪǕȡȡ [ǙǒȰǙǒ
¢ȯğȪ Ȳ ȡȡȯ¡ȣǐ[fȪ@

ȡ[C

C

Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ Ȳ ȡ
ȡ

ĤǓȡ

Ǚǒ ȰǙǒ

İȪȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡDBI Ύ\ǕȡǓ
]Ǔ[[ȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪǙǒƨȡǙǒ`ƭȪ ȯȡ¢ȯğȪ
ȪȡĐĤǓĤǓĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ\Ǖȡ@ Ȱ ȣ
`×ȡǑèǕ¡ǾȡǕȪȪȡĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@ \ǓȡǙǒ
×èȡ ǒƭǕ Êȡ ȡ ȡȢ Ȫ ȡ Ǖġȡ åȡȡ ǐ èȯ ǔ¢ȡ
èȡèØ ȡ[ǓĤȡ ȡ¢ȡǒƣȢÚèȡ\Û ȡǕȡǒȡåǔƠ
ȯȡ¡ǽȪ]Ǔ[ǙǒƨȡȪȡȡ×¡ȯ\Ǖȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@
C

ȡ[C
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪǙǒƨȡ¢ȯğȪȡ
Ȫȡ

Ǚǒ¢ȯğ `ƭȪ¢ȯğ ȯ ȡ¢ȯğ `×ȡǑèǕ¡ǽȡǕ

`Ȫ
`Ȫ
ǒȯ¡ȣ[ȯǔǕ]ȯ ȱȰ`ȪȡȢȡǙǒƨ¡ǕȱȰfȪ@]Ǔ[
[ DB ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ `ȪȪ \Ȳ ĤǓ ¡ȯȪȡ
]Ǔ[[DBIIȡ ȢȡÛǙǒƨ_ĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@ǓãȪ
ȡ `Ȫ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȪ \Ǖȡ k ID ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ

@]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ ȡȣ ǓȢ ¢ȯğ Ȱ
ȡȡǗ Ȳ èȡȪ`ȪȪ\ǕȡĐCCGĤǓHHĤǓCH
ĤǓ ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ @ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡ èȪ \Ǖȡ ĐȬ
ĤǓĤǓĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡ[

`Ȫ Ȳ
`Ȫ Ȳȡ
ȡ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪĤǓȡ

ȡȣ ǓȢ¢ȯğ ȰȡȡǗ Ȳ èȡ

]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ Ǖ `Ȫȡ ȡȣ ǓȢ ¢ȯğȪ `ȪȪ \Ȳ
ĐCFĤǓJĤǓ¡ȯ \Ǖȡȯ ȰȡȡǗ Ȳ èȡȪ
`ȪȪ\Ȳ ĤǓ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡèȪ\Ȳ
ĐCFĤǓJEIĤǓDBĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@ǓãȪ[ȡ
Ǖ`Ȫȡ ȡȣǓȢ¢ȯğȪ`ȪȪk \Ȳ ĤǓ
ĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ǕǓȢ`ȪȡȡƭȡǏȰȡƭȡǏ ȯȡÚȯ ȡƭȡǏ`ȪȪ\Ȳ \Ȱ Ǔ
ȣ@ǒȡȱ[ȡǕǓȢ`ȪȡȡƭȡǏȪ\Ȳ ÒȪȡ¡ȯȪȯ
Ȱ ȡƭȡǏȪ \Ȳ ÕȪ ȡ ¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡ Ǖ ǓȢ
`ȪȡȡƭèǕȰȡƭèǕ ȯȡȪ\Ȳ ĐȬHEĤǓDHĤǓ
ĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@

]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ ȱ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ Ȫ \Ǖȡ
ĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡèȪ\ǕȡȡȢ_
ĤǓ ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ ȱ Ǖ
ȡǒƶ Ȫ \Ǖȡ ĤǓ ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ @]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ
èȪ\ǕȡĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@ǓãȪ[ȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ ȱ

Ǖȡ¡[èØǕȡǒƶȪk \ǕȡĐĤǓ
ĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@ǒƳåȡȢ¡ȡȡȣȪǾȡȰǓfȪȪǓȡȡȯȯȡ
ǓǓğȯ ǒĤȯȡ ȯǓȡ]`ȯ ȯ ǔÛ@ ȡǕȡǒƶȡǓȡ
]`ȯ\Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@
ȡ[

ȡǒƶ
Ǖȡ¡[èØǕȡǒƶ

Ǖȡ¡[èØ Ǖȡǒƶ

İȪ
ȯ ÛġȣØȡǋǒȡDBIH\ǕȡǓ
ȡȢ
ȡȢ
]Ǔ[ [ H ȡ Ǖ ȡȢ ĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ fȪȡ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIHIIȡEĤǓȯȢ_Ǿ[\[ȪǕÊȯ\Ǖȡ
@ ȪǓ Ȫ Ȳ Đ Ȫȡ fQ ǓÛğȡ ȡǓ ȡǓfȡ ¡Ǿȡ
ȡ[ǓfQǓȢ¢ȯğȪ[ȡ ÌǕ]fȪȯǕȡȢ[ȪǕȡȡ
Òȯ\Ǖȡ@
ȡ[

ȡȢ

ȡȢ
ȱ Ȣ
Ǖ
ȡȢ
ǕǕ ƣ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪĤǓȡ
ȢǓȡ[ȪĤǙǔƣ

ȱ ȢǓȡ[
ǕǗ ȱ ȢǓȡ[
ǕǔèǕ

İȪȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡDBI \ǕȡǓ

]Ǔ[ [ ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ ȱ Ǖ ȡȢȪ \Ǖȡ G
ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫȡ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIII ȡ èȪ \Ǖȡȡ ȯ¡ȣ Ȣ _
ĤǓ ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ @]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ ȱ Ǖ
ȱ ȢǓȡ[Ȫ\Ǖȡ]Ǔ[[DBIIȪĤǓȡȯ
ǔèǕ
ĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@

ȡ[

Ǖǔè ȱ Ȣ
ǔèǕ
Ǖ ȡ
ĤǓȡ
ȢǓȡ[
ǔèȡȢ Ȳ ȡ

ȡȣ¢ȯğ ǓȢ¢ȯğ
İȪȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡDBIΎ\ǕȡǓ
ȱ Ȣ Ǔȡ[ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ Ǖȡȡ

]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡ Ǖ ǔè Ǖ
ĤǓȯȢ]_Ǿ[K\[Ȫ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@ ÚȯǓȢ
¢ȯğȪǕǔèǕȱȢǓȡ[ĤǓȯȯ Ȫȯ ȡȣ¢ȯğȪǕǔè
ȱ Ȣ Ǔȡ[ ĤǓȯ ȯ Ȫ @]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡ Ǖ ǔè Ǖ
Ǖ ȱ Ȣ
Ǔȡ[ȡǓȢ¢ȯğ ȡȣ¢ȯğȪ\Ȳ ĐĤǓĤǓ¡ȯ
\Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡèȪ\Ȳ ĐȬĤǓ
ȱ ȢǓȡ[ȪǙǒƨ`Í
ĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@ ȡȣ¢ȯğȪǕȡȡǓȢ¢ȯğȪǕ
ȱ Ȣ Ǔȡ[ȡ ǓȢ ¢ȯğ ȡȣ ¢ȯğȪ
¡ȯȪ @ǓãȪ [Ȫ Ǖ ǔè Ǖ
k \Ȳ ĤǓĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@

ȡȢȪ\Û
ȡȢȪ\Û
Ȫ\Û
]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡȡȢȪ\ÛEIĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[

[ DBI ȡ èȪ \Ûȡ Ȣ ]_ ĤǓ ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ @
[ȪǕȡȡȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȡǕȡȢȡȢ]fǓǕȡ¡[èØȡ
ȯ ǙǒƨfȪȯ ȡȢ\ÛfȪ@ǒ[¡Ǿȡ`Í¡ȯȪ
Ǖȡ¡[èØȡȢȪ\Û]Ǔ[[ȡȢ]fȪ@

ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ

Ø ȡȢ\Û
ȡȢ\Û

İȪȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡDBI\ǕȡǓ
]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡǒĤȯ]ȪǙǒƨ`Í¡ȯ ȱȰǕȡǒƶǙǒƨ
_Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ\ǕȡĤǓǕ
ȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[[
ȡèȪ\ǕȡĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@ȪǓȪȪȡȡǓÛğ
ȶ `ƨȯæȯ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ `ȡȡ ȡfȪ Ȫȯ [ ] ǒĤȯ ]Ĥȡ¡
ǕȰȡ]`ȯ Èȯ Ȣȯ Ǖȡǒƶ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@Ǖȡǒƶ
ǕȡȢȢȪ\Ûȯ ]Ǔ[[ DBIEIFȯ ǔǓÛǾȡbȡ×
¡ȯȪ@Ȫ\Û]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡĤǓȯ bȡ×¡ȯ Ȫ
ȯ[ĤǓȯbȡ×¡ȯȪǓȪ@
ȡ[
Ǖȡǒƶ

ȡǒƶȡȢ\Û
ȡȢ\Û

İȪȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡ@ Ύ\ǕȡǓ
ĤǓåǔƠ]
ĤǓåǔƠ]
]
]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ ĤǓåǔƠ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ

ĤǓ Ǘãȡ
ĤǓȯȯ ǾCȡ¡ȡ
\ȯǐȧCB¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡèȪ]ǾCȡ¡ȡ
\ȯǐȧ
¡ȯȪ ǓȪ@ ǒ ÛĢ [Ȫ \Ǔȡ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡ

ȰÛȡȣĤǓ× Ǔ]Ǔ[[ ȡĤǓȯ
ĤǓåǔƠǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡǙǒƨfȪǓȪ@ǓãȪ[ȪĤǓåǔƠǕ
ȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪk ǙǒƨĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡ[

ĤǓåǔƠ]Ȫ
ĤǓåǔƠ]ȪǙ ƨ
ĤǓȡ
ĤǓåǔƠ]ȪǙǒƨ

ĤǓåǔƠǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
ȯȡȣǽȰȡȡ
\ȯǐȧȡ

]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ ĤǓåǔƠ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ

ǔè Ǘãȡ
ĤǓȯǙǒƨ_ǾD¡ȡ ǕÊȯ\Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[DBII
ȡèȪ]ĤǓȯ ȯ ǾE¡ȡ ¡ȯȪǓȪ@ǒ
[ȡ ĤǓåǔƠ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ
ǔè Ǘãȡ Ǚǒƨ k ĤǓ
¡ȯȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȡĤǓåǔƠǕȡǒƶ]
ĤǓǗãȡ\ȯǐȧ
CB¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[DBIIȡèȪ]ĤǓȯȯ \ȯǐȧ
CBI¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[DBIIȡĤǓåǔƠȡǒƶ[ȪÊ
]\ȯǐȧCEǕȯȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIIȡèȪ]\ȯǐȧ
C¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
Ø`×ȡȪ¢ȯ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ ¢ȯğ Ȳ
Ȳ ȡ
ȡ
]Ǔ[[ȡĤȡǓ¢ȯğǑƮȢ¢ȯğǙȢ¢ȯğȪǙǒƨĐ
ĤǓ ĤǓ ĤǓ ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ @ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIIȡèȪǙǒƨĐĤǓĤǓIDĤǓ
¡ȯȪǓȪ@ǓãȪȡĤȡǓ¢ȯğǑƮȢ¢ȯğǙȢ¢ȯğȪk Ǚǒƨ
ĐEDĤǓFĤǓGĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@

]Ǔ[[ȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡĤȡǓǑƮȢǙȢ¢ȯğȪ
ȪȡĐDJĤǓCFĤǓGIĤǓ¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[
DBIIȡèȪȪȡĐȬDĤǓCĤǓGĤǓ
¡ȯ \Ǖȡ @ [Ȫ Ǖȡȡ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ
ĤȡǓ ȡ ǙȢ ¢ȯğȪ Ȫȡ ȯ Ȫ ǑƮȢ ¢ȯğȪ Ȫȡȡ ȯ¡ȣ Ȣ
]fȪ@
ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ¢ȯğǙǒƨ
ĤǓȡ

ƨ

ĤȡǓ¢ȯğ ǒƨȢ¢ȯğ ǙȢ¢ȯğ

kƭȪǓȸ
kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ
Ǔȸ\Ǖ ȡǕ Ǘã
ȡ \ǓǙ
\ǓǙǒƨ
ƨ
ĤȡǓ¢ȯ
ĤȡǓ¢ȯğ
Ǚǒ×èȡȡȢȡ`×Q
]Ǔ[ [ DBII Ȫ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ Ǚǒ ȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ȫȡ
ĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[ȡèȪȪȡĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ
ǓȪ@]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ Ǚǒ ȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ǖ Ǘã \ǓǙǒƨ
ĤǓȯǙǒƨ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[DBIIȡȡȪ`×ȡȡfȪ
Ȣ ǒƳåȡȢ ¡ȡȡȣȪ Ǿȡ ȰǓfȪ ȪǓ Ȫ Ȳ Đ ǓÛğ ȡ
\ ȡ_ÛǗ[ȡȡǓǓ^fȡ¡Ǿȡ]ǗǓ[Ĥȡȣȡ]fȪ\Ȫȯȡ[
ȡȣȡ ǕȡǗÊ`×ȡȡ¡Ǖȯ Ȣȯ ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨȪǙǒƨ
¡ǕfȪ¡Ȫ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡȡȪ`×ȡĤǓȯ ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡȯ
¡ǕȱȡǗȡȣ`×ȡȡ ȡȡÛǙǒƨ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[
ȡ ×èȡȪ Ǖ Ǘã \ǓǙǒƨ Ǚǒƨ ĤǓ ¡ȯȪȡ ]Ǔ[ [
ȡèȪǙǒƨĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@ ȡȯ`Þȡ`ȯ
\Ǖȡȡ ȯȡ Ǖǒȡȡ ȡȰ ȡȡȡȡȪȡÕȰ fȪ¡Ǖȡȯ ×èȡ
å ȡĤǓȪ][Ȱ fȪ@

ȡ[

ƨ
ĤǓȡ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡǙǒƨ

Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡȪȡ
ȡȱȡ\¢ Ǚǒƨ
]Ǔ[[ DBIIȪǕȡȡ]Ǔ[[ ȡȡȢȡ`×

¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨȪǙǒƨĤǓȯbȡ×¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@Ǔȡ[
¢ȯğȡ]fȪ ÌǕȡȪǓȪ Ȳ ĐǓÛğ\ ȡ_[ȡ
ȡǓǓ^fȡ`ȡ¡Ǿȡ]ǗǓ[ĤȡȣȡfȪ\Ȫȡ`×ȡȡfȪıȡ ȯ
ȡȢȡ`×¢ȯğȪǗã\ǓǙǒƨȪǙǒƨbȡ×¡Ǖȯ ȯ ǔÛ@]Ǔ[[
DBIIȡǓȡ`×¢ȯğȪǙǒƨJKĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ǑƮȢ
ǑƮȢ¢ȯğ
`×ȡǗ`ƭȪǓȡ[ǒƭǕÊȡȱ ȡȢ
ȡȢ
]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡ]Ǔ[[DBIIȡ`×ȡǗ`ƭȪȪ
ǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨĤǓȯÒȯ\Ǖȡ@ȪǓȪ Ȳ ĐǓÛğ
Ȫȡ ȡ `ȡ fQ \ ȡ_ ÛǗȢ [ȡ ȡǓ \à ǐfȡ
Ĥȡ ¡Ǿȡ\Ǔȡȱ`ƭȪå ȡÛ]ǗǓ[ĮǙǌȡǕ ȯȪȡ`×ȡÖȡ
ǒĤȡȣȡ]fȪ\Ȫȯ ¢ȯğȪǗã\ǓǙǒƨǙǒƨbȡ×¡Ǖȯ
\Ǖȡ@ǓãȡCB[ȡ`ƭȪ¢ȯğȪǗã\ǓǙǒƨǙǒƨȡǒ[k E
ĤǓ¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡ`×ȡǗ
`ƭȪȪȪȡGĤǓ¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[DBIIȡèȪȪȡȯ
GĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@

ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡ`ƭȪ¢ȯğȪȪȡǙǒƨ
ĤǓȡ

ƨ

ȡȱȡ\¢ Ǚǒƨ

]Ǔ[ [ ȡ Ǔȡ[ ¢ȯğȪ Ǖ Ǘã \ǓǙǒƨ ĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ
fȪȡ ]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ǖ Ǘã \ǓǙǒƨ ĤǓȯ
¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ @ ȡǓãȪ ȡȡȪȢ ǒƭǕ ]Ȫȡ Ȱ¡ȡ Ȫȡȡ
Ǔȡ[ȡȢ ¢ȯğȢ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ ǒȡè ȯȣ_ ¡Ǖ`ƧȯæȢ ȡ_ [ ]Ȫȡ
ȡȡ Ǔȡ[ ȡ Ē ǕǓ[ȡ[ȡ ȡ¡Ǿȯ Ǔ Ǔ^¡ȯ Ȫ ȡ \èȡ
Ǖ
ǒƳǐȰǓfȪȪǓȪȡǓȡ[¢ȯğȡǒ¡Ȫ\ ǕȯȪ@Ǖ
Ǔȡ[Ȣ ]Ȫȡȡ ȡǓ ǒƳ ȡȡ ¡Ǖȯ Ûğ `ȡ ȡĒȢ¡ǾȪ
]ǗǓ[ȡ]fȪ\ȪÛȡÛȣȪȡǓȡ[¢ȯğȪǗã\ǓǙǒƨbȡ×
¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǓȡ[¢ȯğȪ
ȪȡIĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@[èȪȪȡĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
ȡ[

ƨ
ĤǓȡ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǓȡ[¢ȯğȪȪȡǙǒƨ

ȡȱȡ\¢ Ǚǒƨ


]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡǒƭǕ Êȡȱ ȡ ȡȢ ¢ȯğȪ Ǖ Ǘã \ǓǙǒƨ KD
ĤǓȯȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[[DBIIȡèȪǙǒƨJĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ
@]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡǒƭǕ`×ȡȡǙǒƨfȪȡ
¢ȯğȪǗã\ǓǙǒƨ`Í¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIIȡǕȡ¡[èØ
`×ȡȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ȫȡ C ĤǓ ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ ȯ ]Ǔ[ [ȡ
èȪȪȡĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
ǙȢ¢ȯ
Ȣ¢ȯğ
ȯȡ¢ȯğ

]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ Ȫ ȡ Ǖġȡ åȡȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ǖ Ǘã \ǓǙǒƨ
ĤǓȯǙǒƨ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[DBIIȡèȪǙǒƨĤǓ
¡ȯȪǓȪ@ȪǓȪȡǒƳ]ǗǓ[ĮǙǌȡȡǕ ȡȢ ȯȡȡfȪ\Ȫ
]ȡȡȡ^fȪȪǒƳåȡȡȡ]fȪ ÌǕȯèǕȡ ȯȡȪ]ȡ
ȡ Ǔȡ[ Ĥȡǒ fȪ @ ǐȡèǽ Ȫ ȡ Ǖġȡ åȡȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ǘã
\ǓǙǒƨȡ\ ȯ Ȫ@
ȡ[

Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡȪȡǕ Ȫ
Ø`×ȡȡȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ¢ȯğȪȪȡǙǒƨ
ĤǓȡ

ĤǓȡ

ȡȱȡ\¢ Ǚǒƨ

]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ Ȫ ȡ Ǖġȡ åȡȡ ¢ȯğȪ
ȪȡĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[ȡèȪȪȡĤǓ
¡ȯȪ ǓȪ@ ǓãȪ [ȡ ¢ȯğȪ k Ǚǒƨ H ĤǓ ȡ Ǖ
ȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡ ¢ȯğȪk ȪȡCFĤǓ¡ȯȪ@
ǒƳåȡȢ Ǿȡ ȰǓfȪ ¡ȡȡȣ ȪǓ Ȫ ȡ ¡Ȫȯ ȡ ȯ ƴǕȯÛ ¢ȯğ
ȰÛȡ ȣ Ĥȡǒ fȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡ`ȯ ǔ Ȱ ğ àȪ
Ǖȡȡ]Ǔ[[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǒȡ[Ȫ]ĤǓȯ
ȯ Ȫ@]Ǔ[[DBIIȡ¡Ȫȡȯ ƴǕȯÛ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ

ĤǓȯȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[[DBIIȡĤǓȯÒȯ\Ǖȡ@
ȪǓȪȡȡɯȡ]Ûǐ]ȡȡ]fȪ\Ȫȯ ¢ȯğȪ
Ǘã\ǓǙǒƨbȡ×¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡǕȡ¡[èØ
`×ȡȡ ¢ȯğȪȪȡĤǓ¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[ȡȯ¡ȣ
Ȣ]_èȪȪȡĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@
ȡ[

Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡ¡Ȫȡȯ ƴǕȯÛ¢ȯğȪȪȡǙǒƨ
ĤǓȡ

ȡȱȡ\¢ Ǚǒƨ

]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡȡȡȡ ʶȡȡÖȡ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ
KĤǓȯ ȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[[ ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ
ĤǓȯ Òȯ \Ǖȡ @ ȪǓ Ȫ Ȳ Đ ǓÛğ ȡ Ȫȡȡ ȡǓ
ǐfȪ ÛȡÛȣȪ \Ǔȡ ^ÛȯȪ ĤȪȡ Ǚǒƨ _ ʶȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ǘã
\ǓǙǒƨȡ ȢȡÛ Ǚǒƨ ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ fȡ Ǔ ȡȡȡ Ĥȡȣȡ ]fȪ \Ȫȡ
ȡ ȡȡȡ ʶȡ ȡ Öȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ǖ Ǘã \ǓǙǒƨȪ Ǚǒƨ bȡ×
¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡ ¢ȯğȪȪȡ]Ǔ[[DBIGIH
ȡIDĤǓ¡Ȫȡ]Ǔ[[ȡèȪȪȡĤǓ¡ȯ
\Ǖȡ@

ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡȡȡȡ ʶȡȡÖȡ

Ø`×ȡȡȡȡȡ ʶȡȡÖȡȪȪȡǙ
ȡȡȡ ʶȡȡÖȡȪȪȡǙǒƨ
ĤǓȡ

ȡȱȡ\¢ Ǚǒƨ

]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ ǒƣȢ ÚèȡȪ Ǖ Ǘã \ǓǙǒƨȪ Ǚǒƨ H
ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫȡ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡ èȪ Ǚǒƨ ĤǓ ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ
@ȰǒǍȡȰȰǒǍ¢ȯğȪǒƣȢȡȪȡȡȪƣȣfȡǓȪǓȪ
ȡ ǒƣȢ ȯȡ Ĥȡǒ fȪ @ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ǒƣȢ ÚèȡȪ Ǖ
Ǘã\ǓǙǒƨȪǙǒƨȡ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡȯ¡ȣ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[
[ DBIGIH Ȫ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ ǒƣȢ Úèȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ȫȡ
ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫȡ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡ èȪ Ȫȡ ȢȡÛ Ǚǒƨ _
ĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȡǐèȯ ȡåȡ ȡǒ ȯȡ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ

ĤǓȯÕȯ\Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[ȡèȪǙǒƨĤǓ
¡ȯȪǓȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȪǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡ ¢ȯğȪȪȡ
ĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[[ȡĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@

ȡ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǐèȯ

åȡ ȡǒ ȯȡ
ȡ¢ȯğȪ
Ȫ
ȪȡǙǒƨ
ĤǓȡ

ȡȱȡ\¢ Ǚǒƨ


]Ǔ[ [ DBIII ȡ èȡèØ ȡ ȡȡǔ ȡ[ ǔ¢ȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ǖ Ǘã
\ǓǙǒƨȪǙǒƨĐĤǓĤǓ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[
[ èȪ Ǚǒƨ ĐȬ ĤǓ ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ ǓȪ@ èȡèØ ȯȡȪ
¡ǕȱǒèȡèȡèØ àÛȢȯȡ\ǓǙǒƨȡǓȢèȡèØ Ȳ èȡȪ]ȡfȪ
Ǚǒƨȡ ȡȰ ȪǓȪ Ȳ ĐǓÛğȪȡȡ`ȡȡȡǓèȡèØ
ȯȡ ȡ ȡĒȢ¡ǾȪ ǐȡ ǐfȪ [ȡ ȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ǘã \ǓǙǒƨȡ
`ãȯǙǒƨ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@ȢǔȰǔ¢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪÚȸ`Ȫ
]ȡȪƣȣfȡǓ Ēȡǒƭȡȸ ÌÉȡ`ãȯÉǾȡȯ ȡȡǔ¢ȡ
¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨȡ ȢȡÛǙǒƨfȪȯ ǔÛ@]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡèȡèØǔ¢ȡ¢ȯğȪȪȡĐĤǓ
ĤǓ¡ȯ ȪȡȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡèȪȪȡĐȬĤǓĤǓ
¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡ ȡ[ǓĤȡ ȡ¢ȡ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ

GĤǓȯǙǒƨfȪȡ]Ǔ[[ȡ ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ
ĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@ Ȳ ȢȡȪȡȡ[Û ȱȰ Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡Ȫ
ȡȪ ȡ[ǓĤȡ ȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ¢ȡ[ȡfȪȪƣȣȡȡ
¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨȪǙǒƨȣ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIH
Ȫ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ȫȡ I ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫȡ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[
[ȡèȪȪȡ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@

Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡ ȡ[
ȡ[
Ø`×ȡȡ ȡ[ǓĤȡ
ǓĤȡ ȡ
ȡ
¢ȡ¢ȯğȪȪȡǙǒƨ
ĤǓȡ
ƨ
ĤǓȡ

ȡȱȡ\¢ Ǚǒƨ

İȪȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡDBII \ǕȡǓ
\Û ȡǕȡǒ ȡȡǔ ȡ åǔƠ ȯȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ǖ Ǘã \ǓǙǒƨȪ Ǚǒƨ
]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡĤǓ¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[ DBIIȪèȪ
Ǚǒƨ ĤǓ ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ @ Ȣ ¡ȡ ȡ ȡ[ ȡǕȡǒ ȡ
ȡȡǔ¢ȯğȡfȪ[ǓȢ¢ȯğȡ ʶȡǓȪʷ ȯȡȪǓǒǓȡfȪ
ǒèȡȯ Ȫ¢ȯğȪǗã\ǓǙǒƨȡ ȡȡ×Ĥȡȡȯ ǓȪǓȪȡ
]Ǔ[ǓǒǓ¡Ǿȡ Ǖèȡ]fȪȯ ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡèȪǙǒƨȯ¡ȣ
¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[ ȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡ ¢ȯğȪ
ȪȡĤǓ¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[ȡ ȢȡÛǙǒƨ_ĤǓ
¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@

Ĥȡȯ
Ĥȡȯ ǔ]Ǔ[
]Ǔ[ȡ ȡȡǔǔèǓ
ȡ ȡȡǔǔèǓ

Ȳ Ȣȡȡȡ[ÛȡȡǓȡǐfȡ Ȳ ȡĤȡȣ Ȳ èȡfȪȯĤȯ ȡ

èȡȢ ¡ȡ ]Ǔ[ ǓǒǓ¡Ǿȡ Ȫƣȣ ¡ǕȱȰ fȪ @ ǒƣȢ ¡èȡÛȡ
`ÞȡfȪ\ǕȡȡèǐȡȡȸǒǓĤǒĐȡȡÖȡ]ȡǐ
fȪ@Ĥȯ èȡȢèȡȫǓǗȡ[ȡǓȡ[ȡȯȡȢȡ ȡ^ȡ Ǖȡ
]Ûǐ ȡİȪǐȡȡ ǒĐȡȡĤȡȡȣȡ\ǓǙǒƨ ȡȡȡȫȡ
`ƭȪ¡ǾȪ ʶȡ ȡ åèȡȡ ȡȰ Ǖȡ Ĥƨ[ȡ `ãȯÉ ĤǓ fȪ
@ ȡ[Ǔ ȯȡĤȡ¡ǓȪǐȪfQǒƳȡǓ ȪȡǕèȣÛȰ fȪ@
ǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪ ǒèȡ ȱȰ Ĥȯ ȡ ǒƣȢ ¡Ǖȱȡ \ǓǙǒƨ fȪ @ ȡǒƶ
\[ÛğȪ ȣȡȡǓĤȡȯ ǔȡèȡȢ\[ÛğȪǗǓȡȯ Ȫ@
ƨ
]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ
]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ

`×ȡȪ Ǘãȡ ǾE [
\[ ȪÚȯ ȡȢĤȯ Ȫ\Ȳ ȰÛȡȣĤǓȡ[ȣ
Ĥȯ Ȫ ȰÛȡĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[ÛȡȡǕ]Ǔ[
[Ȫ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ Ĥȯ Ȳ C Ĥȯ ȲD ȡ[ȣ Ĥȯ ǕǗǔƱ
Ĥȯ Ȫ\Ȳ ȯ Ȫ@
ȡ[D

D

Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ
Ø`×ȡȪ
`×ȡȪĤȯ

Ȳȡ

]Ǔ[[DBII
ǕǗǔƱ
Ĥȯ ȲC
ȡ[ȣ

Ĥȯ ȲG
Ĥȯ ȲD

Öȧ

ȡȢ

Ĥȯ Ȳ C Ĥȯ Ȳ D ȡȢ Öȧ Ĥȯ Ȳ G ȡ[ȣ ǕǗǔƱ

20
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à ]Ǔ[ ǓǒǓȡ ǒèȡ ¡ǕȱȰ fȡ Ǔ
ǒƳåȡȢ ¡ȡȡȣȪ Ǿȡ ȰǓfȪ ȪȪȡ ȡ^ Ȫ Ȳ Đ ǓÛğ ȡ
Ȫȡȡ ȡǓ \à ǐfȡ `ȡ¡ǾȪ \ \[Ûğȡ ȶ ȯ ǔÛ@
èǽȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡ ȰĤȯ Ȫ]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡ
¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪǙǒƨ
`×ȡȪǗãȡ
ĤǓ¡ǕȱȡĤȯ Ǿȡ]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ ȰÛȡȣ ǕǗǔƱĤȯ ȪĤǓ
ȰÛȡȡȢĤȯ ȪĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@
ȡ[D
Ĥȯ Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪǙǒƨ
ĤǓȡ
D

Ĥȯ

]Ǔ[[ ]Ǔ[[

kƭȪǓ ȸ\Ǖ ȡ ]Ǔ[ ǒĐȡȡ¡ǾȪ ]ȡȡ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [ȡ
ȡȢĤȯ ȡ¡ȯ \Ǿ Ȱ Ĥȯ ¡ǾȪǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡ
ȰÛȡȣȯ ȡȢĤȯ ȡȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ¢ȯğȪȪȡ ȰÛȡ
ȣ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@ Ȱ ȣ ȰĤȯ ¡ǾȪǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡȡȢȡ`×Q
¢ȯğȪȪȡ ȰÛȡÛǗ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@

DBI ȡǕ à èȡȢ ¡ȡ ȡǔÏ ȰǋȪ ȡȡ Ǖȯȡ Q@ × Úȯ
Ĥȯ ȲCȡĤȯ ȲDȡȡȢĤȯ ȡÖȧĤȯ ȡ
Ĥȯ ȲGȡȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡ ǕǗǔƱĤȯ ȡJȡȡ
ǒèȡ_ǐKĤǓèȡȢ¡ȡȡǔÏȰ ǋȪ¡ǕȱǕȯȪ@

21
ȡǓȡD
ȡǓȡD

D


Ĥȯ Ȳ Ĥȯ Ĥȯ
ǐ Ǘ
ȡ
ȯȡ ȡȢ
ȡȢ Öȧ
Öȧ ȡ[ȣȣ ǕǗǔƱ
ǔƱ
C ȲD
D ȲG
G
Ĥȡ Ǔ ȡȱǔÉǔèǓC
èȡȢ¡Ȫ ÌÉȡ IGE CEI CEH CCK JG CBK IK JJ

ÌÉȡ
ĤǓȡ CBB CIC DBF DBK KC CI GK KH
×ĤǓ[ǒȢ CIG GGK DID CCD DBD GH CEC
¢ȯğ
ĤǓȡ CBB CIH HH CEJ CGE CCJ DCH CEE
]Ǔ[ȡ ȡȡǔ¢ȯğ
]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ
]ȡǗ

ǗãȡĤǓȡC
ȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡĤȯ
CBB ID
Ȫȡ
]ȡǗǗãȡC
`ƭȪȪȡ[ ÌÉȡ CCG
ǒƭǕ`×ȡ
ȯȡȡ B
èȡȢ ʷȡ
CD G CG CC J D F

ǒȢ
ȯȪȡ ÌÉȡ
¡ȡȡC

ǒƭȡ ÌÉȡ

ǒƣȢ¢ȯğȬ
ȰǋȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȪȡȡ

ÌÉȡ
ĤǓȡȡ ÌÉȡ
ǕǓ¢ȯȡĤȯ \Ȳ
CBB FGD

ĤǓ
Ǖȡ[ȡĤȯ \Ȳ
CBB

ĤǓ
İȪȬCȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡȯȡ ÌÉȡȡèȡèØ ȶ¢DBCH`ƭȪȡǔÏȡ]ǗǓ[Ûğȡ
aȡ[İȪȡǓ ȱȡ^Ûğȡ Ȳ ȢȡǓȡȡ ȡȡÛĤȡ Ûğȡǔ¢ȡǒ£ȡ
ȡĤǒȢÛğȡȯȡȡƶȰǋ@
ȯȡ ȡȯĤȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ȡȡȡ[Û¡Ǖȯ Ȫȡȡȡ[ĐȪȡǓ

Ȱȯǔ\Ǖȡȡ ¡ȪǓȯ àÛȡ\Ûȡ[ǒƶǒȡ ¡ȡȡǐȡȢǓ
DBIèȢǙ_ȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àȪǕǓ¢ȯȡ[Ĥȡ¡ȡȡȢĤȯ Ȫ

\Ȳ ȰÛȡȣ¡ȯȪȯȡ[ȣĤȯ ȪèȪ\Ȳ ȰÛȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@

22
E ȡ[ Ǔǒƣ
E ȡ[Ǔǒƣ

E ]Ǔ[ȢǓȯĤȡȣ ȡ[ǓǒƣåèȡȡǒǕ_[ȯǔǓÛ
fȡ ȡǗȢ ȢǓ Ȳ èȡ ĤǒĐȡ Ǖȡȡ \ȯǔ¢ ǐȡ¡Ǿ ȯ ǔ
ȡȯȡQ@ȯĤȡȣǒǓĤǒĐȡȡÖȡ]ȡǐ¡ǕȡȯȪ@İȪ
ǒȡȪȯ ʞȡȡ_ȣ[ȡȣȡǒ×ĮǙȡȶǐȡȣȪ\Û×ȣǒƣȢ\Ǖȡ
ȡ[ ȡǓȯȪ@ ȡ[Ǔ[ȪȡȸȡǕè\ǓǙǒƨfȪ
@ ȡȡ ȡ ȡȡ ǒèȡ fȪ ȯ ȡè Ǖ¡ȡ ǓÛğȡ `ãȯÉ
ȡ ĤȡÜ fȪ @ ǒȡ ȡȯȡ ȱȪ ¡ȡ[ ȯ Ȫ @ ]Ûǐ ȡ
ȡébåèȡȪȡȱ Ȳ ȡȡfȪ@
E ȪȪ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ Ȣȡȡ\ǓȡȲ Ȳ ȡȡ_Ǘ[ ȡȡ[ÛȪȡ

]fȪ@Ĥȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ȡǓǔƱ]ȡȡȡĤȡȡ\Ǖȡ¡èȡÛ
fȡQ@ȡȪ ȯ ǔȡ\Ǖȡ]ȪȡǗȡ[]æǒƣȢİȪ`Þ
fȡ ǒȯ ǔ àÛ ¡Ǖ ȯȡ ȯȰ ]Ȫȡ àÛ ¡ǕȱȰQ@ ȢȰ ¡ȡ
ȡèȡȱȡȱǓǓåǔèfȪ@Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡ȪȯȪİȪ
\ǕȡȪÊfȪ@ Ȳ Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡ȪfȧǙǒƣȢǒȡ_
ĤǓȯ ȶ Ĥȡȣ ǒȡ ǐfȪ @ Ȳ ȡ Ûğȡ ȯ Ǘȡ Ĥȡȣ

LMBISĤȯ ȡĤȯ Ûğȡȯ ǗȡĤȡȣ
˄ˀˁʶʽˇǗ[ ȡȡ[Ûȡ
]fȪ ȯ èȡȢ ¡ȡ èȡȢ ǔʶ Ȫ åèȡ Ĥȡȣ
SuTRA
ȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ@
E ]Ǔ[ȡ[ǒǓȡǒƣȢ`ƣȡǒ×gDBIHȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ@Ȫg
ȯ Ĥȡȣ Ĥȡȡȣ ȡ`ȯ ȡ[Ǔ ǒƣ åèȡȪ ¢ȯğȡ åȡ ȡǒȡ
Ĥƨ[ ȶ ǒƣȢ \Ǖȡ ȡ ȶ ȡȸȡ ȡ[Ǔ ǒƣ åèȡȡ
ȡǓȡȣ¡ǾȪ ǔàȯȡȣ ȡ ȡȯ ǒ¡ȡ ǕǓǔƱ ȶ ǺǒƴȪȯ ȪȯȲ Ǖ ȡ ȡǒ
¡Ǖȯ \ȯ¢ȡǐfȪ@ǒǓȪǕȡ¡ȡǓ [ȡǒƶ]Ȫȡɇ Ȫèȡȡ
ǐfȪ @ Úȡȣ [ Ȳ ȡ Ȳ èȡ fȪ @ ¡Ǖȸ ȯ ʞȡ àÛȢ
ȡÖèȢǙ_ȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ@
ȡȣǒƣȪǕȡ×ǔèǓ
ȡ×ǔèǓ
E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕ[ ]Ǔ[[Ȫ

Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȪǕȡȡCDKĤǓȯǙǒƨ_ǾH[CB\[HJȪǕȯȪ
@ Ȳ Ȣ]ĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ_ǾG[ DH\[ DDȪǕȯȪ@
23
\Ǔȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ ȯ ȡȡ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ \ǓȪ Ǖȡȡ
DEĤǓȯ Ȣ_ǾJF\[ Ȫ¡ȯ Ȫ@]Ǔ[[ DBIGIH
ȪȡǕ àèȪȡȡǾJH\[DKȪ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȡè]Ǔ[[Ȫ

Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȪǕȡȡCDĤǓȯ Ȣ]_ǾDJ\[ KȪ¡ȯ Ȫ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȪȡǕ àȡèȪǾDK\[ DIȪ¡ȯȪ
ǓȪ@
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE
Ȳ
E
ȲȢ ȡȪǒƣȪǔèǓ
Ȣ ȡȪǒƣȪǔèǓ
ȡǕ àȪ
àȪ
ǒ
ǒ
ǒ Ǿ
ǾȪȡ
Ȫȡ ĤǓǐ[
F
FG
F

Ǖ ȡȣ[
ȡǕ[
ȱ Ȣ[
Ǖ
ǒƣȢåèȡ
ȡè
Ȱȯǔ\Ǖȡ
]ÛǐbȪȡȢ

ǒȡ[
ȫÏȡȯǽǗ
Ȳ Ȣ]
ȯȡȡ
ȡè
İȪ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[
ƣ
ȡ[ǓǒƣȪ]ȡĤǙǔƣ
E ]Ǔ[[DBIFIGȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ\Ǖȡȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȯ

ÛǕCBFĤǓȯȡȡȡ¡ȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡèȪȡȡKI
ĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȡèǕ
ȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪBFĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@

24
ȡ[E

E
ȡ[
ȡ[Ǔǒƣǐ Ǘ
Ǔǒƣǐ Ǘ

ȯ ÛǕ ȡè

İȪ\[Ûğȡ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[
E ]Ǔ[[ȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕ]BGĤǓȯǙǒƨ_ǾI

[IF\[HȪ¡ȯȪǓȪ@ \ǓȡǕ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ[DCĤǓȯ
Ǚǒƨ_ǾCC[CB\[FȪ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[ DBIFIGȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȯȡȡǾE[ CI\[ KȪ
¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[ȡèȪȡȡIBĤǓȯǙǒƨ_ǾE[EH
\[FBȪ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ
Ȣ ȡȪ ȡ[
ȡ[Ǔǒƣȡ Ǘ
ǐ Ǘ
ǐ Ǘ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ

E
E
EF F
F
FG

Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ[

ȡǕ
ȱ Ȣ
Ǖ
ǒƣȢåèȡ
Ǖȡè
CKBG DCEK DDIJ DEJI DEKK
CHIC CJHK DBIC DCHH DCEG
Ȱ DEF DIB DBI DDC DHE
Ȳ Ȣȡè

Ȱ
Ȳ Ȣȡè\Ǖȡ
Ȳ Ȣ]
Ȳ Ȣȯȡȡ
Ȳ Ȣȡè
Ǔ[ȡȱȧ ȡ[Ǔb
b ȯȡ[

Þȡ ȡȱȡ
İȪ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[ Ȳ Ȣ ǔʶȪǒȡÏȪȡ ÌfȪȡè
25
E ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ Ǖ [Ȫ
\Ǖȡ]Ǔ[[DBIFIGȪǕȡȡEHĤǓǓÛǕȯȯ EDCĤǓ
¡ȯȪǓȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ ȱȡǕ [Ǖ
ȱ Ȣ
[ ǒƣȢåèȡȪ\ǕȡĐȬDBIĤǓHKĤǓFFĤǓ
¡ȯȪǓȪ@
ȡ[E
Ȳ
E
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ[ȪĤǙǔƣ

ȡ[
Ǖ ȱ
ǗȢ[
ǒƣȢåèȡ

İȪ\[Ûğȡ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[@
E ]Ǔ[[ ȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ\Ǖȡȡ Ȳ Ȣ ǔÑȪ

ǒȡÏȪȡàȡfȪǕȡèĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@ \Ǔȡ
ȰȡèǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪĐDCEĤǓDĤǓ¡ȯȪ
ǓȪ@ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡè Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȪ
ĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡ[E
ȡèȪĤǙ
E
ȡèȪĤǙǔƣ

Ǖȡè ȲȢȡè Ȱ

26
E ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH àǓ[ ȡȱȧ ȡ[Ǔ b Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ
\ǕȡEBEĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡȪ\Ǖȡ
EB ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ Ǔ[
ȡȱǒȰȯǔb]ÛǐbȪ\ǕȡĐCIDĤǓCECĤǓ
¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡèȪ\ǕȡĐCJHĤǓ
CCIĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@

ȡ[E

E
Ǖ
Ǖ ȡ[
ȡ[ǓbȪĤǙǔƣ
ƣ

ȡ[Ǔb ]Ûǐb ȡƻb

İȪ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[ ȡǕ àȪ
E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȯǾFDȡ]Ûǐb

ǐȡȯ Ȫ@]Ǔ[[DBIFIGȡ]ÛǐbǐȡǕȡ¡[èØ
`×ȡȪFĤǓ¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡDĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
E
]ÛǐbǐȡȪĤǙǔƣ
ȡ[E
]ÛǐbǐȡȪĤǙ

İȪȯȡȡƶȰǋ
27
E ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ Ǖ b ȯȡ
bȪ ȡȱȡ Þȡ ǕƠȡȢ [ Ǖ
ȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪDEĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@ Ȫ¡ȣ\Ǔȡ ȡȪÞȡ\Û
ȯȡ [ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȪ \Ǖȡȡ BH ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ ǓȪ@ ]Ǔ[ [
DBICIDǓǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ\Ǖȡȡb ȯȡ[ĐÒȰ fȪ
@
ȡ[E
b ȯ
E
b ȯȡ[ȪĤǙǔƣ

b ȯȡ[
åȡ ȡȱȡ åȡ ȯȡ[

ȲȢ ȡȣ[
Ȣ ȡȣ[Ȫèǽ
Ȫèǽ
E ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à Ǖ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ [ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIGIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȪǕȡȡCDK ĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ_ǾH[
CB\[HJȪ¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡèȪ
[DDĤǓȯǙǒƨ_ǾG[FB\[KBȪ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à Ǖ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ [ȡ ȡǕ [
ȱ Ȣ[ ǒƣȢåèȡȪ\ǕȡĐIEJĤǓCGJĤǓ
Ǖ
CB ĤǓ¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡèȪ
\ǕȡĐIGGĤǓCHIĤǓIJĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@

28
ȡ[E
ȡǕ ȱ Ȣ[
E
ȡǕ[Ǖ
Ǖ Ȣ[ǒƣȢåèȡȪĤǙǔƣ
ƣ

Ǖ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ[ȪĤǓȡ

ȡǕ ȱǕ
Ȣ ǒƣȢ

İȪ\[Ûğȡ¡ȡȯȡǓÛğȡȡ[ȡǕ àȪ
E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ à ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡȡbȯȡȢȡ

ȰȯǔȯȡȢ ȯȣǾEB\[KIȪȡȪȯȡbȡȢ
¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ èȪ ȡȢ ǾDG \[ FB
Ȫ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȯ ȯȡȢǾGJ\[ IBȪ

bȡȢǾEK\[FEȪȣǕǾKJ\[CDȪȡȪȯ
ȡbȡȢȯ ȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à Ǖ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ [ȡ ȯ ȡ b
ȡȢȪ \Ǖȡ G ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ @ ]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à
èȪ\ǕȡFIĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@]Ǔ[[ȡǕ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ
[ȡȯȡbȡȢȪ\ǕȡJJĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à]ÛǐfQȰȯǔbȪ ȡȡȱ ǕƠȡȢ

]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȪǕȡȡKEDĤǓȯȯ ǾED\[
FGȪ¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡèȪ ǕƠȡȢDĤǓȯ ȯ
ǾGF\[EGȪ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡȡ[×ȸ
ȸ\Ǖ
\Ǖ ȡ
ȡȪȡǕ ǒ
ȪȡǕ[ǒ
E ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ ȡǕ [ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIGIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȪǕȡȡCBĤǓȯǙǒƨ_ǾF[GB\[
IJ Ȫ ¡ȯ Ȫ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ \Ǔȡ èȪ [ CE
ĤǓȯȯ ǾF[J\[EKȪ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡ
ȡǕ[DJĤǓȯȯ ǾI[CH\[FDȪ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
29
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE

E
Ȳ
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ
Ȣ ȡȪȡǕ
ȡȪȡǕ[Ȫȡȡ[×ǒ
ĤǓȡ
]Ǔ[[ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡȪ
ǒ
ǒ

ȡȡÛ ȡ[Ǔ ȯ ȡ
¢ȡ
ȡ[ǓȡǔÛ Ǖ¢ȡ
]Ǔ[ ȡǓȡ
ȡȡ Ȳ ¢
]ȡ ȡ ȡǕȡǒ Ǖǒȡ
èȡèØ
ȪÑ Ȳ èǙǓȡ[
ǔ¢ȡ
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ
àȡ CBB CBB CBB
İȪ͗¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[
ȪȬ ǒƣȢ Ȳ Ȣȡ ȡǗ f Ʊȡ ȯ Ȱ ȡ[Đ¡Ǿ Ĥȯ èȡȢ ¡ȡ ¡èȡÛ _ fȡȯ ]Ǔ[ [
\ǔȡØȡǋ¡ǽ×Ǔȡ[ ȱĤ×¢ǕȡȪÊȰ Q@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡǕ[Úȯ ȡȡÛ ȡ[Ǔ ȯȡȢ[ȡ
fȪ[Ȫ\Ǖȡ Ȱ Ûȡ`Íȡȡ Ȳ ¢Ȣ[ȡfȪ[Ȫ\Ǖȡ
ȰÛȡÛǗ¡ȯ Ȫ@
E ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȪǕȡǕ [ȡ ȡȡÛ ȡ[Ǔ ȯȡȢ[\Û[

fȪ[Ȫ\Ǖȡ ȰÛȡȣGIFĤǓȡȡ Ȳ ¢Ȣ[\Û[
fȪ[Ȫ\Ǖȡ ȰÛȡBEĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
ȡȡ[×ȸ
ȸ\Ǖ
\Ǖ ȡȪ ȱ Ȣ[
ȡȪǕ
ȪǕ ǒ
Ȣ[ǒ
E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕȱȢ[ȡ\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[

[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȪǕȡȡHJĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ_ǾKH\[ FȪ¡ȯȪ
ȱ Ȣ[ CBĤǓȯ Ȣ
@]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕ
_ǾD[FC\[GHȪ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE

E
Ȳ
Ȳ Ȣ
Ȣ ȡȪ
ȡȪǕ [Ȫȡȡ[×ǒ
ĤǓȡ
ȱ Ȣ
Ȣ[
ǒ
ǒ ]Ǔ[[ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡȪ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡȪ

ȡȡÛ ȡ[Ǔ ȯȡ
¢ȡ
ȡ[ǓȡǔÛ Ǖ¢ȡ
]Ǔ[ ȡǓȡ
ȡȡ Ȳ ¢
30
ǒ
ǒ ]Ǔ[[ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡȪ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡȪ

]ȡ ȡ ȡǕȡǒ

Ǖǒȡ
èȡèØ
ȪÑ͕ Ȳ èǙǓȡ

[
ǔ¢ȡ
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ
àȡ

ȪȬǒƣȢ Ȳ ȢȡȡǗfƱȡȯ Ȱȡ[Đ¡ǾĤȯ èȡȢ¡ȡ¡èȡÛ_fȡȯ ]Ǔ[[
\ǔȡØȡǋ¡ǽ×Ǔȡ[ ȱĤ×¢ǕȡȪÊȰ Q@

E ȱ Ȣ [ Úȯ ]Ǔ[ ȡǓȡ

]Ǔ[ [ HI Ȫ ȡǕ àȪ Ǖ Ǖ
Ȣ[ȡ fȪ [Ȫ \Ǖȡ ȰÛȡ ȣ HIF ĤǓ @ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIGIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\Ǔȡ Ȣ[ȡfȪ[Ȫ\ǕȡĤǓǓȪ@
ȱ Ȣ [Ȫ
Ǔãȡ G [ȡ ]Ǔ[ ȡǓȡ Ȣ[ \Û[ fȪ [ Ǖ Ǖ
\ǕȡȡǕ_Ǔ¡ȡ_Ûȡȣ¡ȯȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȪǕǕȱȢ[ȡ]Ǔ[ȡǓȡȢ[\Û[fȪ
[Ȫ\Ǖȡ ȰÛȡȣHIKĤǓ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡȢ[\Û[fȪ
[Ȫ\Ǖȡ ȰÛȡBĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@]ȡ ȡ ȡǕȡǒ Ǖǒȡ
Ȣ[ȡfȪ[Ȫ\ǕȡCDĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȱ Ȣ[
Ǖ Ȣ[ȪǔèǓ
ȪǔèǓ
E Ȳ Ȣ ȡȡĤȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ȡ_¡èȡÛ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡȡ_ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ

ȡǕ [ȡ ȯȡǋ ǐfȪ @ ȣ Ĥȯ ȡ èȡȢ ¡ȡ ¡èȡÛ fȪ
ȱ Ȣ[ȡ ȯ`Ȫ¡Ǖȯ ¡Ǖȱȡ
\ǕȡȪǗ Ȫǒ¡è ȡĤȯ èȡȢ ȡȪǕ
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȡǓĤȯ ȡèȡȢ¡Ȫ ȡȪfȧǙǕȱȢ[ ȯ
ȱ Ȣ[ȪǕȡȡ`Í¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕ
E ȱ ȢȯȪ\Ȳ DEĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@

]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȪȯȡǕ
]Ǔ[[DBIFIGȡèȪ\Ȳ DHCĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@

31
ȡ[E

E
Ǖ
Ǖ Ȣ[ȪĤǙǔƣ
ĤǓȡ
ȱ Ȣ[

ȱ ȢȯȡǗȢ[
Ǘ ȱ Ȫ\ Ǖȡ ȱ
ȯȡǗȢȯ
Ȫ\ Ǖȡ
ȡȡȱ \¢

İȪ\[Ûğȡ¡ȡȯȡǓÛğȡȡ[

E ]Ǔ[ [ DBIFIG ȡ ǒǓȪǔ ǕȱȢ ȯȡ Ǖ

ȱ Ȣ [Ȫ \Ȳ JB
ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫȡ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ èȪ \Ȳ ȯ IHK ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ
ǓȪ@
Ȫȡȡǒèȡ
Ȫȡȡǒèȡ
E ȡȪȡèȢǓȪĤȡȡȣȡȡ[ÛȡȪ]ȡȡȡȡȡǒèȡ
fȪ@åȡ ȡǒåǔƠʣȢȶ Ǔȡȯ ǓfȪèȡȢȯȡà
ȯȣDBIH\ ȡ àèȡȢȯȡàǓȯ ȡȡ¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡDCȡ
IC¡ȡG DF¡ȯȪȡDBIHȡǕ àèȪ ÌÉȡĤǓȯȯ
Dȡ¡ȡ ǕȯȪ@\ ȡ àèȡȢȯȡàǓȯ
ȡȡ¡ǽȪ ÌÉȡȡ¡ȡ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[ ȪȡǕ àȡ¡ȡF IIȡȱ ȡȡ¡Ǿ

_DBIHȡǕ àǗã\ǓǙǒƨȡȡ[fȡȡȡȪ ÌÉȡDȡ
¡ȡ Ǖȯȡ @ DBIH ȡǕ à \ÛǕãȡ ȡ[ ¡Ǖȯ ȡȡȪ
ÌÉȡ¡ȡK EFǕȯȪ@

32
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ
åǔƠȡåȡ ȡǒèȡȢȯȡàǓfȡȡȡȪǒ
]Ǔ[[
DBIG DBIH DBIH
ȡ[ȪĤȡ DBIHII
\ ȡ à
\ ȡ à \ ȡ à
\ ȡ à ȡǕ à
à
ȡǕ à
à

åȡ ȡǒèȡȢȯ ȡà(BPAN) CBCEJGE CCIIKBI CJEBEC CEHBKEJ
åǔƠèȡȢȯ ȡà (PPAN) IHDBGG KKDJJB KCKDHG CKCDCFG

ʣȢȶǓȡȯ ǓfȪèȡȢȯ ȡà
CCE IEI EIGD FFJK
(WPAN)
àȡèȡȢȯ ȡà CIIHBDC
CIIHBDC DCICGDF
DCICGDF CCBHBFJ
CCBHBFJ EDIIGID
EDIIGID
Ǘã\ǓǙǒƨ CIGGHJ DCFCBK FCFII DGGGJH

\ÛǕã GKGCB IJJBI DBCDI KJKEF
İȪ\[Ûğȡ
ȡȣ]ȡȡè Ȳȡ
ȡȱȡȱ\ǔȪ
\ǔȪ
E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àǕ ȡȣ]]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȪ
Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȪǕȡȡCFĤǓȯǙǒƨ_ǾG[\[ȪǕȯȪ
@]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡèȪǙǒƨCKHĤǓȯȯ Ǿ
G[CH\[KKȪ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àǕȡè]Ǔ[[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȪ

Ǖȡȡ K ĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ fȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ \Ǔȡ
èȪǙǒƨDCIĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡE
E
ȡȣ] Ȳ ȡ
ǾȪȡ
ȡǓȡE

]Ǔ[[
ǒ
ǒ ȡǕ à ĤǓǐ[
DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
I DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
I
ȡè
Ȱȡè
Ǖȡè
ȡè

Ȱȯǔ\Ǖȡ

ĤȡǓƯ
]Ûǐb

ȡȢȪ ȡȡȱǒȡ[
ȫÏȡ

ȯǽǕ
Ǖ ȡȣ]
ȡȣ]

İȪ\[Ûğȡ¡ȡȯȡǓÛğȡȡ[
33
ȲȢ ȡȪ]ȡȡè
ȡȱ
Ȣ ȡȪ]ȡȡè
ȡȱȡȱǓȪ
ǓȪ
E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHII ȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ]]Ǔ[[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ

\ǓȪ Ǖȡȡ CGJ ĤǓȯ ȯ Ǿ G [ H\[ Ȫ ǕȯȪ @
]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȪȡǕ àèȪ]GDĤǓȯȯ ȪǓȪ@]Ǔ[
[ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ Ǖ ȡè ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ
ȡǕ àȪHGĤǓǙǒƨȪǕȡȡKHĤǓȯȯ Ȫ@ \Ǔȡ
ȡèKFĤǓȯȯ ȪȯȰȡèCCDĤǓȯȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE

E
ȲȢ ȡȪ] Ȳȡ
ǾȪȡ
ȡǕ à
à ĤǓǐ[
ĤǓǐ[
ǒ
ǒ DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
I DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
I
ȡè

Ȱȡè
Ȣȡè
Ǖ ȲȢȡè

Ȱȯǔ\ǕȡĤȡǓƯ
]Ûǐb

ȡȢȪ ȡȡȱǒȡ[
ȫÏȡ

ȯǽǕ
Ǖ ȡȣ]
ȡȣ]

İȪȬ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[
E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȪǕ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ[ȡǕ Ȳ Ȣ]Ȫ

\ǕȡJHĤǓ Ȳ ȢȡèȪ\ǕȡIJĤǓ¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[
DBIGIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡèȪ\ǕȡĐJFĤǓJBKĤǓ
ǓȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȪǕ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ[ȡȰȯǔ
b ĤȡǓƯȪ \Ǖȡ CB ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ
\ǓȡèȪ\ǕȡKEĤǓǓȪ@
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE

E
Ȳ Ȣ
Ȣ ȡȣ[
ȡȣ[ȡ]ȡè\ǕȡbȪ\Ǖȡ

ĤǓȡ
ȡǕ à
à
ǒ
ǒ Ǿ
ǾȪȡ
Ȫȡ Ǖ ȡȣ[ȡ\Ǖȡ
ȡ
DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
I DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
I
Ȳ Ȣ]
Ȳ Ȣȡè
Ȱȯǔ\ǕȡĤȡǓƯ
]Ûǐb

ǐȡ
34
ȡǕ à
à
ǒ
ǒ Ǿ
ǾȪȡ
Ȫȡ Ǖ ȡȣ[ȡ\Ǖȡ
ȡ
DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
I DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
I
ȰȯǔbĤȡǓƯ
Ǖ ȡȣ[

İȪ͗¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[
Ȫ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȪ ȡȣ]ȡèȡȪãȣȡȱȡȱ ȡȯ ǐfȪȰ @
E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȡè Ȳ ȡȡ]Ȫ

\Ǖȡ D ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ ȯ Ǘã \ǓǙǒƨ Û ȡ ¡ ǕȪ \Ǖȡ
Đ D ĤǓ DCC ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH Ȫ
ȡǕ àèȪ\ǕȡĐDFĤǓDFĤǓDEIĤǓǓȪ@
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE

E
ǒE
ǒE[
E[Ȫ ȲȢȡèȪ Ȳ ȡ
ǕȡèȪĤǓȡ
ȡèȪĤǓȡ
ȡǕ à
à
ȡèȪǒ
ȡèȪǒ Ǿ
ǾȪȡ
Ȫȡ Ǖ
ȡèȪ\Ǖȡȡ
ȡȡ
DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
I DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
I
Ǘã\ǓǙǒƨ
\ÛǕã
]
Û ȡ¡ Ǖ
Ȱ
\Û
Ȳ Ȣȡè

]Ûǐ]ȡȡ]ȡǐ
]Ûǐ]ȡȡ]ȡǐȡèȪ Ȳȡ
ȡ
E ȡè Ȳ ȡȡ ]ȡȡ ]ȡǐ Ȫ \Ȳ ÒȰ fȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ȡèȡ ]ȡȡ ]ȡǐ Ȫ \Ȳ FGJ
ĤǓ¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡèȪ\Ȳ FJCĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡ]DCGĤǓȯǙǒƨ_ǾC[KF\[EC
Ȫ ÌfȪǓȪ@ Ȫ¡ȣ[ȡ]ÛǐȡȪȡȡ]ȡǐǗã\ǓǙǒƨ
\ÛȬǕãȪǙǒƨĐCIHĤǓDCKĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE

E
]ȡȡ]ȡǐ
]ȡȡ]ȡǐ]ÛǐȪ
]ÛǐȪ
Ȫ Ȳ ȡ
ǾȪȡ
ǒ
ǒ DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBIHII
DBIHII
ȡè

]ȡȡ]ȡǐ

Û ȡ¡Ǖ
Ǔȡ Ȣȡ¡ȯ
Ǘã\ǓǙǒƨ
Ȱ ȡȣ
35
ǒ
ǒ DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBIHII
DBIHII
\ÛǕã
Ȱ ȡȣ
Ǖȡèȡ]ȡȡ

]ȡǐȪǒ¡è ȡ
ĤǓȡ
]Ûǐȡè

]
Ǘã\ǓǙǒƨ
\ÛǕã
Ǔȡ ȢȡȡÊȯ
\Û
Ǖȡèȡ]Ûǐ

ȡèȪǒ¡è ȡ
ĤǓȡ
İȪ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[ȪØȡǋȡ]ȡȡȡǐfȪ@ ΎȡǕ àȪ

ȡèȡȱȡȱȪǔèǓ
ȪǔèǓ
E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ ȢǒȡÏȡ ǔʶȪȡȡǔȡfȪ

ǕȡèǾG[FH\[IKȪ¡ȯȪǕ\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ
\ǓȪǕȡȡKEĤǓȯȣ¡Ȫ@
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE

E
Ȳ Ȣ ǔʶȪȡ Ì
Ȳ ȢǒȡÏȪ Ȳ Ȣ ǔʶȪȡ Ì

fȪ
fȪ
ȡèǒ
ȡèǒ
ǾȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡȪ
Ȳ ȢǒȡÏ ǔʶȪȡȡǔȡfȪȡè
ȢǒȡÏ ǔʶȪȡȡǔȡfȪȡè

ȡè
Ǖȡè

ȡè
Ȱȡè
ȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯ ȡè
ȡè

ȡè
Ȱȡè
ȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯ ȡè
ȡè

Ǘã\ǓǙǒƨ
\ÛȬǕã
]ȡȡ¡ȯ
Ȱ
ǒǓǏȪãȣ¡Ǿȡ\Û
Ȳ Ȣ ǔʶȪȡȡǔȡfȪ\Ûȡè
Ȣ ǔʶȪȡȡǔȡfȪ\Ûȡè

E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ǔʶȪȡàȡfȪȡȱȡȱ

¡Ǖȯ ȡèǾE[DJ\[KIȪ¡ȯȪ@ \ǓȡǗã\ǓǙǒƨ
\ÛǕã
]ȡȡ¡ȯȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯ Ȫãȣ ǒ¡Ȣ¡ȡ ȡȡȡȱȡȱ
¡Ǖȯ ȡè ǾD [ CI \[ JE Ȫ ¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH Ȫ
ȡǕ à ȡèȪ İȪ ¡èȡÛ _ Ĥȯ ȡ èȡȢ ¡ ȡ ǕȰȡ Ì
36
¡ǕǕ ȶǒǓǏĤȡȡȡèǾJEȪFHȡ Ȳ Ȣ ǔʶȪȡàȡfȪ
ǓȪ@ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȡèȪ ÌfȪȰ @
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE
ȡȱ
E
ȡȱȡȱǓȪȡèǒ
ǾȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡȪ
ǒ
ǒ

Ȳ

ȡè
Ȱȡè
Ĥȯ èȡȢ
èȡȢ¡
¡

ȡè
Ȱȡè
Ȫãȣ

ȲȢ ǔʶȪȡȡǔȡfȪ\Û
Ȣ ǔʶȪȡȡǔȡ fȪ\Û
fȪ\Û
]Ǔ[[Ȫ\Û×ȡȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯ

E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕȡèǐȡǾF

[ IK \[ IC Ȫ ¡ȯȪ @ × Ȱ ȣ Ǘã \ǓǙǒƨ \ÛǕã

]ȡȡ¡ȯȪȡȱȡȱȡĤȯ èȡȢ¡ȡ_ĤȡƯ¡Ǖȯ ȡèǾHF\[HB
Ȫ¡ȯȪ@ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȢ¡ȡ ȡȡ_ȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯ
ȪãȣǾD\[FJȪ ÌfȪ@
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE
]Ǔ[
E
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ
DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȪȪãȣȡȱȡȱ

ǾȪȡ

ȪãȣȪǔ[ Ì ǓǕ
Ǔ ȡȱȡȱfȪȪãȣ
fȪȪãȣ Ì ǓǕ
Ǔ

Ȫãȣ
Ȫãȣ Ȳ Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡
èȡȢ¡ Ȫãȣ
Ȫãȣ
[ȡȪ¡

ǒƭǕ

ȡȢȡǓ
ȡȢȡ\ÛĤȡǙǓİȪ
àȡ
àȡ

İȪ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[ ȡǕ àȪ

ǒȡ
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡĤǓƨȡ
¡ȡȡĤǓƨȡ
E ǒȡ ¡ȡȡȪĤǓƨȡǙǒƨ¡ǕȱȰfȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à
\Ǖȡ Ǿ CH \[ CK Ȫ b Ǿ KE \[ K Ȫ ȣ Ǖ
ǾC[K\[DJȪȡȪȰȯǔ ¡ȪĤǓƨȡĤȡƯfȪ@
37
\ǓȡĤȡƯȰȯǔ ¡ȪĤǓƨȡÚȯ \ǕȡbȪ\ǕȡĐCFJ
ĤǓJGDĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡèȪ
\Ǖȡ Đ C ĤǓ JI ĤǓ ǓȪ@ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH Ȫ
ȡǕ àǾC[I\[CJȪȡȪȰȯǔ ¡ȪĤǓƨȡĤȡƯfȪ
ǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡǒȡ ¡ȡȡĤǓƨȡǾC[ EJ\[ DHȪ
ȡȪ ¡ȯ Ȫ ǓȪ@ `Ơ \Ǔȡ Ǖ ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ ĤǓƨȡÚȯ \Ǖȡ
bȪ\ǕȡĐDFDĤǓIGJĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@Ǔãȡ[¡Ǿȡ
Ǖǒȡ ¡ȡȡĤǓƨȡȡ\ǕȡȪ\Ȳ ÒȰ fȪ@
ȡ[E

E
ǒȡ
ǒȡ
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡĤǓƨȡȪǔèǓ
¡ȡȡĤǓƨȡȪǔèǓ
ǕȰȯǔ ¡ȪĤǓƨȡȪĤǓȡ

\Ǖȡ b

İȪ\[ÛğȡȡǕ àȪ
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ`Ȫǐȡ
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ`Ȫǐȡ
¡ȡȡ`Ȫǐȡ
E ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à \Ǖȡ b ȣ Ǿ HB \[ E Ȫ
ȡȪǒȡ ¡ȡȡ`ȪfȪ@ \ǓȡǕ ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ`Ȫȡ
\ǕȡbȪ\ǕȡĐCGFĤǓJFHĤǓ¡ȯȪ@ǓȯǓ
ÍȡȯÛ fȡ`Û ȯȡ \Û[ \ȯǐȧ ȡȪ GB ǓǓ \ȯǐȧ Ȫ
\Ǖȡ àÛȢ àȫȡ Ȳ Ȣ Ȳ ȡ\ǕȪȡȱǒ¡ȯȪȡ Ȫ\ǕȡǓȡ ȡ
fȪȯȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡǒǓȪǔǾCB\[[¡Ǖ ȯȪȰ @
E ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ \Ǖȡ b ȣ Ǿ C [ FI \[ DI Ȫ
ȡȪ ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ `Ȫ fȪ ǓȪ@ Ȫ \Ǔȡ Ǖ ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ
`Ȫȡ \Ǖȡ bȪ \Ǖȡ Đ CG ĤǓ JF ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ
ǓȪ@

38
E

ȡ[E
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ `ȪȪǔèǓ
`ȪȪǔèǓ

Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ\Ǖȡȡ
Ȱȯ ǔ ¡ȡȡ`ȪȪ\Ǖȡȡ

Ȱȯǔ \ Ǖȡ Ȱȯǔ b Ȱȯǔ ¡ȡȡ`Ȫ

ȡȡȱ \¢

E ȯȡȪ\[Ûğ ¡ǕȱȰȡǕĤǓåǔƠǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡbǕƠ
[ Ǖ ȡȢȪ
¢ȡȡ Ǚǒƨ ¡ǕȱȰ ȡǕ ǗàǓȪ ǕǓ[ȡ[Ȫ ȡ[ àÛ ¡ǕȱȰ ȡȱȡ ǒȡ
¡ȡȡȡ \ǕȡȪ ǒ¡è ȡ ÒȰ _ bȪ ǒ¡è ȡ ÕȰ fȪ ¡Ȫ@ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIGIH ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȪ \Ǖȡȡ Ǖ ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ `ȪȪ
\ǕȡFEĤǓǕȯȪ@
ȡ[E

E
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ`ȪȪ Ȳȡ
ȡ

İȪǕǒȡ ¡ȡȡ`ȪȪĤǓȡ

ǒƨ¢Ȣ ¡ȡȡ Ǖ
¡¢Ȣ ¡ȡȡ \Û

İȪ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[DBI*ȡǕ àȪ
E Ǖ ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ `Ȫȡ ¡Ǖ¢Ȣ ¡ȡȡȪ \Ǖȡ `Í ¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[
[ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à Ǖ ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ `Ȫȡ ¡Ǖ¢Ȣ Ǒƪ¢Ȣ
¡ȡȡȪ \Ȳ Đ HBK ĤǓ EKC ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIGIHȡ¡Ǖ¢ȢǑƪ¢Ȣ\Û ¡ȡȡȪ\ǕȡĐHDFĤǓ
CHDĤǓDCFĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@

39
ȡ[E

E
ȯȡȰȯ Ȳ ÛğȡǐȡǓ\Ûȡ[ǒƶǒȡ ¡ȡȡ
CBBB
KBB DD
DD B DD B
DI
DI B
EG
EG B
JBB EI B
IBB
HBB
ĤǓȡ
GBB
FBB IJ
IJ B IJ B
IE
IE B
HG
HG B
EBB HE B
DBB
CBB
BB
DBICID DBIDIE DBIEIF DBIFIG DBIGIH
ȯ ȲÛğ Ȱ ȯ ȲÛğ

İȪ\[Ûğȡ
E ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡǒȡ ¡ȡȡǐȡȡȯĤȡȣȡǐȡ¡Ǖȯ
ǒȡ ¡ȡȡȪ \Ȳ IJ ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ ǓȪ@ Ȫ \Ǔȡ Ǖ ǒȡ ¡ȡȡ
ǐȡ Úȯ ȯ Ĥȡȣȡ[ CDEJ ǓǓ \ȯǐȧ ǐȡ fȪ
ǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ ǐȡǓ ǒȡ ¡ȡȡȡ b \Ǖȡ ĤȡǒǓ
¡ȡȡȪ\Ȳ ĐHBBĤǓDIBĤǓCEBĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
ȡ[ǓbǕƠȡȢ
ǓbǕƠȡȢ
E DBIHȡǕ à ǕƠȡȢ[ ȡȱȧǕ ȡ[ǓbǾCC[ EK\[ JB

Ȫ¡ȯ Ȫ@ ǕƠȡȢ[ ȡȱȧbȡ]ÛǐȡƻbȪ\ǕȡEJH
ĤǓHCĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@DBIGȡǕ àèȪ\ǕȡĐEKD
ĤǓ HBJ ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ ǓȪ@ DBIH \ ȡ à Ǖ Ǔ[ ȡȱȧ ȡ[Ǔ
bǾCB[ FI\[ KBȪ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@`Ơ\Ǔȡ]Ûǐb
ȡƻ bȪ \Ǖȡ Đ FED ĤǓ GH ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ ǓȪ@

40
ȡ[E

E
ǒǓȪȡȰȯǔbȡǒ×ȡȯ ȪĤȡ
ȪĤȡ

ǕǓ[ ȡȱȧ Ȱȯǔ bȪ\ Ǖȡȡ

İȪ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[ȡǕ à
E ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à ]Ûǐ b ǐȡ ÛǗ fȪȯ
\ǓȡǓ[ȡȱȧǕ ȡ[Ǔbȡ]ÛǐbȪ\Ǖȡȯ Ȫ¡Ȫ@]Ǔ[
[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȯȡ ȡȯǾHD\[JȪȡȪȰȯǔ
bĤȡƯȯ Ȫ@ȰȯǔbȪ ȡȱȡ ǕƠȡȢȡǾCC\[ KDȪ
Þȡ ȯȡȡǾD\[GBȪ ǕƠȡȢȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE

E

ǕƠȡȢ[ȡȱȧ ȡ[Ǔbȡ ȡȱȡǒȡ[Þȡ[

ǾȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡȪ
ǒ
ǒ
DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBIHII
DBIHII
ǕƠȡȢ[ȡȱȧbȪǒ
]Ûǐb DEKBDK DJJGJD EKCCHD FGDKIJ EJEGJK FFBBFI
Ȱȯǔb EJJIHE FCEKIK GDGEGC GKFKDH GKFJGJ HKKIFK

Ǖb
b HDIIKD
HDIIKD IBDGHC
IBDGHC KCHGCE
KCHGCE CBFIKBF
CBFIKBF KIJFFI
KIJFFI CCEKIKH
CCEKIKH
ȡȱȡǒȡ[ Ȫǒ
ȡǒȡ[Ȫ[Ȫǒ
]Ûǐb GBEEG EJGHC EIBJG EFECE IGIE DBGEC
Ȱȯǔb CIIKG DDIBE CJGJK DBBEK KDDD CCKDD

àȡ ȡȱȡǒȡ[
HJCEB
HJCEB HCDHF
HCDHF GGHIF
GGHIF GFEGD
GFEGD CHIKH
CHIKH EDFGE
EDFGE
[
Þȡ[Ȫǒ
Ȫǒ
]Ûǐb GEHD HIHB CDEJI CHDBK CBCBI CDEGJ
Ȱȯǔb EECC EDHF EJHB FGBG DCDE DFKJ
àȡÞȡ[ JHIE
JHIE CBBDF
CBBDF CHDFI
CHDFI DBICG
DBICG CDDDK
CDDDK CFJGH
CFJGH
àȡb ȯȡ[
ȡ [
IHJBE
IHJBE ICDJJ
ICDJJ ICKDC
ICKDC IGBHI
IGBHI DKBDG
DKBDG FIEBK
FIEBK
ȡÞȡ

ȡȱȡÞȡ
41
]Ǔ[[ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡȪ
ǒ
ǒ
DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBIHII
DBIHII
ȡȣ[ȡb
ǕƠȡȢ[ CDIJ
CDIJ JGC
JGC HHC
HHC HIH
HIH GEI
GEI IIG
IIG

ĤǓȡ

ĤǓȡ
İȪ͗¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[ȯȡȡƶȰǋ@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIHȪȡǕ à ȡȱȡÞȡȣǕ ȡ[Ǔbǐȡ
ǾF\[CȪ¡ȯȪ@Ǖ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ[ȡb ȯ ȡ[Ȫ\Ǖȡ
ĤǓ@]Ǔ[[ȡèȪ\ǕȡHĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àǾFDȡȡȪ]Ûǐbǐȡ
ǐfȪ@[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡǾKH\[EJȪȡȪ]Ûǐb
ǐȡfȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àǾFDȡȡȪ]Ûǐbǐȡ
fȪ@[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡǾKH\[EJȪȡȪ]Ûǐb
ǐȡfȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȯǾDB\[GEȪ]Ûǐ

bȪ ȡȡȱ ǕƠȡȢȯ Ȫ@
\Û
ȡȣǒƣ¡èȡÛ
ǒƣ¡èȡÛ
E ǒƣȢ Ȳ Ȣȡȡȡ[ÛȪȪȪ Ȱ\Û ȡȣǒƣ¡èȡÛȡ_åǔè

Ǘğȡ ]ȡǐ ȡ^fȪ @ Ȳ ȡ Ĥȯ ȡ èȡȢ ¡ȡ_ ¡Ǖȯ ǒƣȢ
¡èȡÛȡ_ ¡Ǖãȡ`ȯ ǒǓĤǒĐȡȪ\àǐfȪ@Ĥȯ
ȡèȡȢ¡ȡǒƣȪ`Ȫ àÛȢĤǓȯǙƵȪĤȡƯ¡Ǖȯȣȡ[ǒǓ
Ǔȡ[ȣȡǗǐfȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȯ ȯ ȪǒǓȪ\ǕǽĤȯ

èȡȢ¡ȡ_ǒƣȢ ȡȢ [ \ǕȡȣǕǾE[ CE\[
HHȪǓȡ ȡǐfȪ @]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡĤȯ èȡȢ¡Ȫ
ȡǓ\Ǖȡ[ȪǒǓȪȯǾE[ J\[ FKȪ¡ȯȪȡ Ǔ
fȪ ȯǕǓȡ ȡǾE[K\[HIȪfȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȡ¡èȡÛ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ

Úȯ Ĥȯ ȡ_ Ǿ GK \[ II Ȫ èȡȢ ¡ȡ_ Ǿ C [ DJ \[ HJ
42
Ȫ Ǔȡ ȡ fȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à Ĥȯ èȡȢ
¡ȡ_Ĥȡǐȯ Ǘǒȯ\ǕȡȡȡǓǾD\[ǒǓȪfȪȡ
\[ ÛğȡȡǾ\[ ȪǓȡ ȡ_ Ȳ Ȣ ǔʶȪȡǾ\[
ȪĤȯ ȡèȡȢ ǔÑȪȡ¡èȡÛfȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȡĤȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ȡ\Ǖȡȡè

ȡȱȡȱȪãȣȡȱȡȱ ȯȡǾF[CJ\[DCȪǒƣȢ¡èȡÛ
fȪǓȪ@èȪ¡èȡÛÚȯ Ĥȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ȯ ĐEJĤǓ
HDĤǓĤȡƯȯ ȡǓf@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡȪãȣȡȱȡȱȡĤȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ȡ_ȡ

ǾC\[FFȪȡȱȡȱǐfȪǓȪ@

ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ
Ǿ
ǾȪȡ
Ȫȡ
DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBIHII
ǒ
ǒ
Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡ Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡ Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡
ȡ
\Ǖȡ

ǒƣȢ ȡȢ

\Ǖȡ
[\Ǖȡ
Ǖ\Ǖȡ
ǒȯ\Ǖȡ
ȡèȡȱ
ȡè ȡȱȡȱ

Ǘã\ǓǙǒƨ
\ÛǕã;]Ûǐ
Ȫãȣȡȱ
Ȫãȣ ȡȱȡȱ

àȡ
àȡ

İȪȬ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȪȡȡ[ȪØȡÌȡȡȡǐfȪ@ ȡǕ àȪ

ȪǓȡ ȡfȪȡ_¡èȡÛȡǓfȪ@
ǒƣȢİȪȪ`Ȫ
E ȱ Ȣ [ ȶ ¢ȡȡ Ǖȡ ¡ǕȱȰ fȪ @ èȡȡȪ ǕǾȡȢ
Ĥȯ ȡȪ Ǖ
ȱ Ȣ [Ȫ \Ȳ ÛȪ ȯ ǔfȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [
Ȱ Ǖ [ Úȯ Ǖ
DBIFIG ȡ Ĥȯ ȡȪ Ǖ [ Úȯ ǕȱȢ [Ȫ k \Ȳ FE
ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫȡ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ Ȫ \Ȳ ȯ GF͘J ĤǓ ǕȯȪ
ǓȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȡĤȯ ȡȡ_ǾC[ GJ
\[ KJȪǒƣȢİȪ¡èȡÛfȪȡǾC[ CD\[ KȪ\ȡ[
IBĤǓ[fȪǓȪ@
43
E ]Ǔ[[ DBIFIGȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȡĤȯ ȡȡ_fǕƴ\ǕȡǾI
\[CGȪ¡èȡÛfȪȡ]Ǔ[[Ȫ\Û× àǾD\[EHȪ[
fȪǓȪ@`Ơ¡èȡÛfȪȪEEĤǓ¡Ȫ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ
Ĥȯ
Ĥȯ ȡȪ ȱ Ȣ[
Ǖ
ȡȪǕ Ȣ[ȪĤǙǔƣ
ǾȪȡ
]Ǔ[[
]Ǔ[[

ǒ
ǒ Ǘǔȱ
Ǘǔȱ

Ǘ[ ȡ
ȡ Ǘ[ ȡ
ȡ
[ȪȪ
\Ȳ
\Ȳ [ȪȪ
\Ȳ
\Ȳ
Ĥȯ Ȳ C
Ĥȯ Ȳ D
ȡȢ
Öȧ
Ĥȯ Ȳ G
ȡ[ȣ
ǕǗǔƱ
àȡ
İȪȬ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[@
E ȱ Ȣ [Ȫ \Ȳ Öȧ

]Ǔ[ [ DBIGͬIH ȡ Ĥȯ ȡȪ Ǖ [ȡ Ǖ
Ĥȯ Ȫ ȰÛȡȣHD͘HĤǓ ȰÛȡȡȢĤȯ ȪFH͘EĤǓ
¡ȯȪ ǓȪ@ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIFIG ȡ èȪ \Ȳ Öȧ Ĥȯ Ȫ ȰÛȡ ȣ
GG͘DĤǓĤȯ Ȳ͘GȪ ȰÛȡF͘EĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȪĤȯ
èȡȢ¡Ȫ[
èȡȢ¡Ȫ[]ȪǔèǓ
Ĥȯ
E ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à Ĥȯ Ȫ Ǖ [ ǒǓȪǔ ȯȪ DBB ĤǓ
ȱ Ȣ[Ȫ\Ȳ ĐFHGĤǓ
¡ȯȪ@Ǖ[ Úȯ ȡǕ [ Ǖ
GEGĤǓ¡ȯȪ@ \Ǔȡ ȰÛȡȣĤȯ ȲGȡ[ECIĤǓ
ȰÛȡĤȯ ȲDȡKIĤǓ¡ȯȪ@ \ǓȪǕ[ȡĤȯ
ȲCȪ[ ȡ`Í¡ȯ Ȫȯ Ĥȯ ȲDȪ[ ȡ ȰÛȡÛǗ¡ȯ Ȫ
@
ȡǓȡE
Ĥȯ ȯ[ȪǔèǓ
ǾȪȡ
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE

[ ȡǕ ȱ Ȣ

Ǖ
Ĥȯ ȯ Ǖ[ ȡǕ[ ȱ Ȣ[
Ǖ
ȡ
ȡ ǒǓȪ
ǒǓȪ ǒǓȪ
ǒǓȪ
Ĥȯ Ȳ C FDDBBF CCIJHB CJGFHG FEDIC DEGIEK IFGJK
Ĥȯ Ȳ D EJIDGH EIGFD CKDHBD DIDBG CKDHGF CBEEJ
ȡȢ FIHBIK JBIDC DFFHJB EKFCC DDJEKK FCECB
Öȧ EDCEFJ IKKFJ CDDJGJ DHCCB CKJFKB GEJEI
Ĥȯ Ȳ G EHFCHI CCGFFG CIJFBE GJGHE CJGIHF GHJJD
44
ȡ[ȣ EFEGEG EKBGB CEBGKI DCGJG DCDKEJ CIFHG
ǕǕ ǔƱ DJCHDB FJBJG CFHKFJ DFJFD CEBHID DEDFE
àȡ DGKHBBK GCJHGC CDBCGGE DFBKJH CEJFHGH DIIHHG

İȪ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[@
E Ĥȯ ȡǕ [Ȫ]ȡȡ ȰÛȡȣĤȯ ȲGȡEDJĤǓ ȰÛȡ

ȱ Ȣ[Ȫ]ȡȡ ȰÛȡ
Ĥȯ ȲDȡCFCĤǓ¡ȯȪ@ Ȱ ȣǕ
ȣĤȯ ȲCȡECHĤǓ ȰÛȡĤȯ ȲDȡGFĤǓ¡ȯȪ
@
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE

E
Ĥȯ Ȫ ǔʶȡǒȡÏȪȪĤȡǓƯ
ǾȪȡ
ǔ[

Ǖȡè Ì
Ĥȯ ǔʶȪǒȡÏȪ
ȡè
ȡèȡȱȡȱȡĤȡƯ ȯ
Ȱȡè
Ĥȯ ǒȡÏȪȪȡè
ȯǽǕȡ\Û
\ǕȡĤȡǓƯ
İȪ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[ ΎȡǕ àȪ
E ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àĤȯ ǔʶȡǒȡÏȪȡȣǾFJ\[ KK

Ȫ FH ȡ ȡè Ì fȪ @ ȡ Ȳ ȡ ȡȱȡȱ _ fȪ Ǿ
DJ\[ KCȪ ȯ ȡȯ@× Ȱ ȣ Ȳ ȢǒȡÏȪȡ]`Ǖȶ
ȪãȣȡȪǾIEȪFDȡ ȯ ȡȯ@ \Ǔȡ ȰĤȯ Ȫ
Ǖȡè ÌǾCK\[IGȪ¡ȯ Ȫ@
èȡȢ¡
E ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ à6X75$ȡ]ƨfȡèȡȢ¡ȪǕ[ǾC
[ DC \[ ED Ȫ ¡ȯ Ȫ @ èȪ [ èȡȢ ¡Ȫ Ǖ ȯȪ DKE
ĤǓ¡ȯȪ@èȡȢ¡ȪǕ[Úȯ ȡȢĤȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡Ȫ
[ȡ`Í¡ȯȪȯȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡ¡ȯȡèȡȢ¡Ȫ[ȡÛǗ¡ȯȪ
@
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE

E
èȡȢ¡Ȫ[Ȫ\èȡ
ǾȪȡ
ȱ Ȣ
Ǖ ǒƣȢ
èȡȢ¡
èȡȢ¡ Ǖȯ ȡǕ[ Ǖ[ [ȡ
ȡ
[ åèȡ
åèȡ
Ĥȯ Ȳ Cȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ IGKEKB
Ĥȯ Ȳ Dȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ HIFHDE
ȡȢĤȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ JHKDFF
45
ȱ Ȣ
Ǖ ǒƣȢ
èȡȢ¡
èȡȢ¡ Ǖȯ ȡǕ[ Ǖ[ [ȡ
ȡ
[ åèȡ
åèȡ
ÖȧĤȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ FFHDKH
Ĥȯ Ȳ Gȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ HKEFBC
ȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ DKCFEC
ǕǕ ǔƱĤȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ FCBJKC
àȡ
àȡ FCFGDIJ
FCFGDIJ

İȪ¡ȡȯȡǓÛğȡȡ[
E ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȪĤȡƯȡèǒ\ǕǾ ȰèȡȢ¡ȡȣǾ
GI\[GȪȡè
Ȳ ȡȡȱȡȱ_fȪ ȯ ÌfȪ@Ǖ
ȡèÚȯ ȡȢĤȯ ȡ¡ȯȡèȡȢ¡Ȫȡèȡ ȰÛȡȣ¡ȯ Ȫ
ȯȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡Ȫȡèȡ ȰÛȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡE
ȡǓȡE

E
èȡȢ¡Ȫȡè Ì
èȡȢ¡Ȫȡè Ì

ǾȪȡ
èȡȢ¡
èȡȢ¡ ȡè
ȡè ȡèȡ
ȡèȡ
Ĥȯ Ȳ Cȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡
Ĥȯ Ȳ Dȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡

ȡȢĤȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡
ÖȧĤȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡
Ĥȯ Ȳ Gȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡
ȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡
ǕǕ ǔƱĤȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡
àȡȡè
ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡ
E ȡǕ à ȯȡ ȡȪ Ǘ[ ȡ \ǓȡȲ èȡǓ× fȡ ȡ[Ǔ
Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡȯȡȡƭ Ȳ èȡȯ
Ěȯ ǓǍǓǓȯ ȡǓ_ȡƭåèȡȡåȡȡàȢǓǓȯ èȡȡfȪȯ
Ǚǒ ȡĒȢ àȢ ǓǓȯ ȡ ȡǒƶ Ȣ` Ǔ àȢ ǓǓȯ ȡǓfȪ @ Ǒ
ǒàȾȯ \ȯȡȰȡǒȡ ǓǓȡǓ_ȯȡǓǓǓȯ
èȡȡ fȪ @ ƭȫȡȣ ȡ àȢ ǓǓȯ ȯȡ Ǘȡ[ȡ Ǔȡ[ àȢ
ǓǓȯ ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡèȡȡfȡQ@
E ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡ ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡȪǕ ʶȡ]DBĤǓȯ

Ǚǒƨ_Ǿ[\[ȪȡǕȯȪ@]Ǔ[[
ȪǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡǕ ʶȡ]Ȫ\ǕȡCĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@
46
E DBI \ ȡ à ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡ¡Ǿȡ ȯȡ ȡȪ ȯ ȡȢ Ǿ D [
\[JȪȡbȡȢǾC[K\[Ȫȡ
ȣǕF[\[KȪȡ¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡ
ȯbȡȢ]Ǔ[[ àȪǕȡȡĐĤǓ
ĤǓȯǙǒƨfȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡ ʶȡȡ¡ȯȡ ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾÚȯDȡȡȡ

C ȪÈ ȡȢȡ ÑȡǓ ȯ Ȳ èȡȪ ȡȪȡ ǗÛ ¡ȯ Ȫ @ ȡȡȡ
ʶȡfȡ Ȳ èȡ¡Ǿȡ]Ǔ[[ DBIGȡȯȡ ȡȯ ǾK\[
FIȪCBȡȡȡȲĤȡƯȯ Ȫ@]Ǔ[[ DBIFȪȡȡȲǾ
\[ȪFJȡȪǕȡȡȪȡȡȲFDJĤǓȯȣ¡Ȫ@
E ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡ ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡȡǾC[ CK\[ Ȫ

ȡȡè ÌfȪ@]Ǔ[[ ȡ ÌfȪ Ȳ Ȣ
ȡȪ Ǖ ȡèȡ ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡȡ ÌǓ ȡèȪ Ȫȡ
ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ @ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡ èȪ Ȫȡ ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ
ǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[ [ à ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡȪ Ȫȡ åèȡ fȪ ȡǒ×
ǾEJ\[ JDȪIFȡ¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[ DBIGȡèȪȡǒ×
Ǿ FJ \[ GC Ȫ K ȡ ¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ Ȫȡ
åèȡfȪȡǒ×[ȪǕȡȡĤǓȯ ȯ Ȫ@]Ǔ[[
DBIGIHȡ ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡȡEB¡ȡ H[ȡȣȡ[¡ȯȡQ
ȯ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡ ȡ[ [ȡȣȪ ÌÉȡ DJ ¡ȡ
¡ȯȪǓȪ@
E ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡȡȡȡ ʶȡǓ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪǕȡȡǾ\[GK

ȪIȡ¡ȯ ȪȯȪÈ ȡȢȡ¡ȯȡ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪǕȪÈ ȡǾD\[
Ȫ ȡ ¡ȯ Ȫ @ èǽ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ Ē Ǖ
ȡȡǾFJ\[Ȫȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@]Ǔ[[ȡèȪ
ǕȡȡǾ\[Ȫȡ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
E Ǖ ʶȡ] ȡȡ_`ÞȡfȪȡȡȲ ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡȯǓȯ Ȫ

ȡǕãǕȡȡèȡ ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡȡǒƣȢȡ[ àȡ Ǘ¡Ǿǒ
[¡ǾȪǕȡȡ Ǖȡ¡ǕȱȰȡǕȯ Ē ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡȪȡ[ àȡȡǓ Ǖȡ
¡ǕȱȰfȪ@
47
FǗ
F ã
ã
Ǘã

ǒȯ¡ȣ[ȯǔǕġȡèȧǓfȪk Ûȡ¡ ȯȪ@ȪȪȡ
¡ȡȡȣȯǒƳåȡȢǾȡ`×ȡȯ ǔ]ǗǓ[ àȪĮǙǌȡ\ǽƨfȪȯ]ȡǓ
èǕ¡ǾȪǗãǙǒƨ¡ǕȱȰfȪȯȡȡǓȡƭèǕ¡ǾȪǗã`Í¡ǕȱȰfȪȯ
Ǘãȡȯ¡ȣȡȯ Ǔ ĒǗãȡèȡǒ×ȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@
`ȪƠȡǗ
`ȪƠȡǗã
ǔèǓ
ǔèǓ
FD ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ] ǒ¡ȡȡ k `ȪƠȡ ǕġȡèȧǓ HG ĤǓ
¡ȯȪ @\ǔãȪ [Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ \Ǔȡ èȪ ǕġȡèȧǓ FD ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ ǓȪ@
ȡǒ[ǓÛǕ]ȡȡDBIHȡǕȡ`ȪƠȡǕġȡèȧǓHIĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@
DBIG ȡǕȡèȪǕġȡèȧǓFDĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@ȡƭèǕ¡ǾȪǗãȡ
fȪ`ÍǙǒƨȪȡ \Ǔȡ ĒǕġȡèȧǓ]Ǔ[[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ
\ǓȪǕȡȡÕfȪ¡Ȫ@
Ǖ ¡Ǿȡ ȯ ǕġȡèȧǓȡ

]Ǔ[ [ ȡ ȪȪȡȪ ȡ Ǔȯȧ Ǖ
ȡȶȯ ǔÛ@ [ȡƭèǕȪǗãȡfȪ`ÍǙǒƨȪȪȡȡ^
ȪǓ
CKȯ]ǗǓ[åèȡȡȡȯ ȪĤȡȪȡ ĒǗãǔèǓȡȡȶȯ ǔÛ@
ȡ[F
͗ Ēȡ¢ȯğ`ȪƠȡǕġȡǔèǓ
ĤǓȡ

ĤǓȡ
ȡ

ĒǕġȡèȧǓ ȡƭȡȯȡ[ǕġȡèȧǓ Ȱiȡƭȡ ȯ ȡǕġȡèȧǓ

İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ
FE ȡǒ[ǓÛǕ]ȡȡDBIHȡǕȡȡƭȡȯȡ[ Ǘ¡ȪǕġȡèȧǓKE
ĤǓ¡ȯȪ@DBIGȡǕȡèȪǕġȡèȧǓDDĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@ȡȣ͕
48
ȡ͕ȡ ȡ ȯȡǕȢ ȡ Ǖ ȡ ȡȡ ` Ǘ¡Ȫ Ǘã Ǚǒƨ `Í ¡ȯ Ȫȯ
Ǘ¡ȪǕġȡèȧǓȯ Ȫ¡Ȫ@
FF ȡǒ[ǓÛǕ]ȡȡDBIHȡǕȡȰʹȡƭȡ ȯȡ Ǘ¡ȪǕġȡèȧǓFI
ĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@DBIG ȡǕȡèȪǕġȡèȧǓGJĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@ƣȡ
ȡ ȡ Ǖƣȡ ȡ Ȣ ȡȡ ȡ ȯȡ Ǔ[ ȡ ȡ Ȣ `͕ȡȡȡ
Ȫʷȡ Ȳ èǙǓǒǒèǕȡ ȯȡ` Ǘ¡ȪǗãǙǒƨDBIGȡǕȪ
Ǖȡȡ¡ȯ Ȫȯ Ǘ¡ȪǕġȡèȧǓȯ¡ȣÒfȪ¡Ȫ@
FG DBIHȡǕȡȡȡɋ`×ȡȡIHĤǓ͕ȡ_ȡHJĤǓ͕¡ȡȡGG
ĤǓǒ¡ȡȡ GF ĤǓǕġȡèȧǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@DBIGȡǕȡȢ¢ȯğ¡Ǿȡ
ĐȬFHĤǓ͕EHĤǓ͕FHĤǓGGĤǓǕġȡèȧǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȪǗ
ȪǗã͕ȡǒƶȡÏȡȡfQ
ȡǒƶȡÏȡȡfQÊȡȪǗãǔèǓ
ǔèǓ
FH DBIH ȡǕȡ ȡǒ[ ǓÛǕ Ȫ ǕġȡèȧǓ HH ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ @DBIG
ȡǕȡ èȪ ǕġȡèȧǓ GB ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ ǓȪ@ DBIH ȡǕȡ ĤȡǓ èǕ
Ǘ¡ȪȪǗãCCDĤǓ͕^Ûȡaȡ[ Ǘ¡ȪȪǗãDFĤǓȡ
`×ȡǑèǕ Ǘ¡ȪȪǗãFIĤǓȯǙǒƨfȪ@DBIGȡǕȡ`ȪƠ
Ǘ¡ǾȪȪǗãǙǒƨĐȬEGĤǓ͕CDDĤǓFIĤǓ¡ȯȪ
ǓȪ@
FI DBIH ȡǕȡ ȡǒ[ ǓÛǕ ȡ Ïȡȡ Ǘ ȡǋ IG ĤǓȯ ȯ Ȫ
@ DBIG ȡǕȡ `Ơ Ǘȡǋ CBB ĤǓȯ ȯ Ȫ ǓȪ@ DBIH ȡǕȡ
ǗȡǋCEHĤǓÏȡȡ ǗȡǋGKĤǓȯȯ Ȫ@ȡȱ
ȡÏȡȡ ǗȡǋǓȡ[ȪȡǓè ȶ¢ȡ[^¡ȯ Ȫ@
FJ ÊȡȪ Ǘãȡ ]`ȯ `ȡȡ ȡ ȶ `Ƨȯæ\Ǖǽ Êȡ Ǘã Ǘȡǋ
Ǔȡ[Ȫ ȡ[ \ǔÛ ȡ ǕȯȪ @ ]ȡȢ ]Ǔ[ [ȯǔ ğȡǓ Ǿȡ
ÊȡǗã ǗȡǋȡȣĤȡǐȯ@
FKèȯ ȢȡȡDBIH\ ȡ ȡÛȯ ǔDBIHȡǕ ȡÛ àȯĚȪǓȡ[Ȫ

Ǘãǔè¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ ȡÛ àȡȯĚȪ
ȡǓȯǒʣȯȪk ǕġȡǗãĐȬĤǓǓǾCBJǾKH
¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡȡǒ[k ǕġȡǗãĐȬĤǓǓǾ
CBKFǾKH¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
49
GǒƣȢ¢ȯ
GǒƣȢ¢ȯğ

Ǔãȡ [¡Ǿȡ ǒƣȢ ¢ȯğȡ ġ ȱ Ȣ

Ǖ ǒèȡ ¡ǕȱȰ fȪ @ ɇ ǒǋ Ȣȡ ȡ Ǖ
ȡȡ¡ǕȱÕȰ @ǒƣȢĤȡȣȡèȡȢ×ȡ¡Ǖ
Ǖ ȡ ȡȰ ǒƣȢ ȡ¡Ǿ
`×ȡǗȢ¡ǕȱȰfȡQ@ȡ[Ȫåȡȡ Ǖȡ¡ǕȱȰȡȢĤȪ× ȡǒ¡fȪ@
ǒƣȢ ȯȡĒȡȢǗȢȡ ǗȡĤȡǒǓȡ]ȡǐ¡ǕȱȰ@ǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪȡ
ȱ ȢȡȪȡȡ ȯȡǒȪ¡ǕȱȰ
ȡ[Ȫ\Ȳ ǔ¢fǔȡȰÛǗ¡ȯȪ@Ǖ
ȡȪȡȡǒƭǕȢĤȡȣȪ`ȪÕȰ fȪ@
ȡ
ǒƣȢ Ȳȡ
ǒ ȯ¡ȣ [ȡ ǒƣȢ ¢ȯğȪ ǒȡ ȡ ǕǺȣȡ ȡǓ fȡ ȢǓ
åèȡȪ Ĥȡȡȣ ȡȡ[Û Ǖȡȡ ȡ ǒƣȢ ¡Ǖȱ \ǓǙǒƨ ¡ǕȱȰ ȡǕȡ
ȡȰǒƣȢȡȪȡȡ ȯ`ãȯÉǒèȡfȪ@DBIHȡǕ ȡÛȡDI
ȡǔÏɇ DEǒȡ ɇ DDǒƣàȢJKǕǒƣǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡCǗȡ[ȡ
ǒȡ ɇ ȣǕCHDɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ ʶȡȡ¡ȯȡQ@× Ȱ ȣFB
ȢȡàȢEF¡ȡ EI ¡ȡȣ
ȡb ¡ȡȣCE¡ȡK
CI Ȳ èȡ[ȡȣ ʶ Ȫȡǐ ȡȢ Ȫ ¡Ǖȡ ɇ ȯ
ʶȡȡ¡ȯȡQ@
ȯȡȪǒƣȢĤȡȣȪ àǔƣȡǒ× Ȳ ȡȡɇ ǒǍ¢ȯğȪǒ¡è ȡȣ¡ȯȪ@

DBIH Ǖ ȡÛȡ ǒƣȢ ¢ȯğȪ Ǖ àǔƣȡǒ× Ȳ ȡȡ ɇ ȡ ǒƣȢ
Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪ\Ȳ JJCĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@èȪ àǔƣȡǒ× Ȳ ȡȡȯȡȡƶ
ɇ Ȫ\Ȳ CHJĤǓȡǔÏɇ ¡ǾȪ\Ȳ GIHĤǓ¡ȯȪ@ɇ ǒǍ
¢ȯğ àȫǓ ǐȡ ȶ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪ Ǖ àǔƣȡǒ× Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ
`×ȡȪCHCĤǓ¡ȯȪ@

50
ȡ[G

G
͗DBIH
DBIHǕ ȡÛȡǒƣȢĤȡȣȪ àǔƣȡǒ×Ȫ Ȳ ȡ
DBIHǕ ȡÛȡǒƣȢĤȡȣȪ àǔƣȡǒ×Ȫ Ȳ

\ȲĤǓȡ
ĤǓȡ

ȯȡȡƶȰ
ȡǔÏȰ

ǒȡ Ȱ
ǒƣàȢ

ǕǒƣǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ
[ȡȣ Ȳ Ȫ
ȡǐȡȢȪ
ȢȡàȢ
\ÛǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ

İȪȬȯȡȡƶtɇ DBIH
ǒƣȢèȡǒ×
ǒƣȢèȡǒ×
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȡǒƣȢèȡǒ×ȡ Ǘ¡Ǿ Ēȡ ¡ȯȡQ@ɇ
ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȪǓçǙȡ[Ȫ\ǕȡȯDBIH\ ȡȡCGĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫȡ
DBIHǕ ȡCJĤǓǕȯȪ@
DBIHȡǕ ȡÛȡɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȪǕǓ¢ȯȡ àǔƣȪ\Ȳ
D ĤǓ ȡ ȫÏȡȪ \Ȳ K ĤǓ Ǖ Ǔ¢ȯ ȡ ĤȡǓ
ȱ Ȣȡ Ǖ ȡ[Ȫ \Ȳ I ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ @Ȫǔ ȡǐ àǔƣȪ Ǖȡȡ
Ǖ
ȱ ȢǕǕȱȢȪ\ǕȡĐȬCĤǓCĤǓ¡ȯȪ@
ĤȡǓǕ
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡG

G
͗ǒƣȢ¢ȯğ
ȡȡĤǕ Ǘ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
DBID DBIE DBIF DBIG DBIH DBIH

DBIH
Ǘ ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
\ ȡ
\ ȡ \ ȡ
\ ȡ \ ȡ
\ ȡ \ ȡ
\ ȡ \ ȡ
\ ȡ ȡǕ
ȡǕ
ȱ ȢȪǔȡǐ
ĤȡǓǕ CCF CCG CFC CEK CDJ C
àǔƣ\Ǖȡ
ȱ ȢȪȪǔȡǐ àǔƣ
Ǖ CDK CDK CGF CGD CFE C
\Ǖȡ
Ǖȡ[ǕǓ¢ȯȡ ICK IGH IKD IHJ IGD I
ȱ Ȣ\Ǖȡ
ĤȡǓǕ
ǓçǙȡ[\Ǖȡ EE DD CJ CH CG CJ
ȡǔÏɇ DH CJ CG CF CF CI
ǒȡ ɇ EH CG CF CC BK CD
51
DBID DBIE DBIF DBIG DBIH DBIH
DBIH
Ǘ ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
\ ȡ
\ ȡ \ ȡ
\ ȡ \ ȡ
\ ȡ \ ȡ
\ ȡ \ ȡ
\ ȡ ȡǕ
ȡǕ
ǒƣàȢ CFH CFF CEF CBJ JJ HI
Ǖ àǔƣǕǓ¢ȯ EBD DIH DHI DGK DGC D

\Ǖȡ
ȡɇ ȫÏȡǕǓ¢ȯ CHD CGD CGG CED CCH K
\Ǖȡ
İȪȬȯȡȡƶtɇ DBIH DBIHǕ àȪ
ǒƣȢ ǕǺȣȡ[ǒƣȢèȡǒ×¡ȡǓ ȶêȡ ȡ\àǐȰ ]fȪ

[ĤȡǓƯȢǓȯ ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȡǓǓfȪ@ɇ ȡǒƣȢ
Ȳ èȡȡßȯȡǓȯȡĤȡǓƯ àÛȢĤǒĐȡǕǾȡfƱȡQDBIHȡǕ ȡÛ à
ǕCJIɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ[ĤȡǓƯĤǒĐȡȡ ȡȯfȡQ@ ÚȯCFD
Ȳ èȡȪ^ȡȡȯ _ǕFG Ȳ èȡȡfȡQ@
ȱ
ǒƣȢĤȡȡfQ¡Ǖ
ȯȡȣ \[Ûğȡ ǒƣȢ Ĥȡȡ ĐȬ ÕȰ fȪ @ǒƣȢ Ĥȡȡ ȡ ȶ
ǕȪǾȡȡǓȯ ǒèǙǕġȡĤȡǓȢ¢ȯğ[Ĥȡǒ¡ȡ[ ȡǕǓ¢ȯȪ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ ȱȪ\ǕȡĐȬ ǕȡfȡQ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIH
ȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ ȱǒèǙǕġȡĤȡȪ\ǕȡCBEĤǓǓȢ¢ȯğ[
Ĥȡǒ¡ȡ[Ȫ\ǕȡJFĤǓǕǓ¢ȯȪ\ǕȡKEĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ
@
ǓãȪ ȯȡȡ ǒƣȢ ¡Ǖȱ ȢĦ Ǿȡ ÕȰ fȪ @ɇ ȡ ǒƣȢ
Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪȡȡǒèȡ ȱȰ ǒƣȢĤǒǓȪĤȪÕȰ fȪȯ ǒƣȢ¡Ǖȱǒèȡ
¡ǕȱȰ fȪ ¡Ȫ@ ĤǒǓ ȡȯ Ȫǒfȡ I èȡȢ ¡ȡ¡ȯ Ȱ èȡȢ ¡ȡ
ȡǔÏɇ ȡÛǗQfȡȡǕȯȪ@
ȯȡȡƶɇ Ȫ\Ú\Ǖ ȡDBIH\ ȡȡȯȡȡƶɇ ȡ^ȡĤȡƯɇ
ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾÚȯȡǔÏɇ ǒȡ ɇ ǒƣàȢ¡ǾȡȪǓfȡǓ¢ȯ
ȡȡȪ]ȡȡHBKĤǓȡǐȡǒƣȢ¡ǕȱǕ
ȯ Ȫ@ ȡȰ ¡ȡȣ Ȳ èȡȡ
ǐ DD ĤǓ Ǖǒƣ ǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȡ CF ĤǓ ȡȪ ]ƨȡ ¡ȯ Ȫ
ȯ ǔÛ@
52
DBIHȡǕȡȡ¡ȯȡȡǔÏɇ ǒȡ ɇ ǒƣàȢǕǒƣȡǕ
ȡȡȪ ]ȡȡ ĤǓ ȡȡ k EBID ÌÉȡȡ ȯȡ ǕȯȪ @ [
ȡǕ àèȪ ÌÉȡEHDH¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
DBIHȡǕȡǓ¢ȯȡȡȪ ÌÉȡEȪCIȡED¡ȡȪȡ_ɇ ǒǍ
ĤȪȡ[Ȫ ÌÉȡCȪEȡEG¡ȡ^ÛȯȰǒǍ ȯȡȡĤȪȡ[
KȡKJ¡ȡ¡ȯȡQ@
Ǔãȡ[¡Ǿȡɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȪȡȡǒèȡȡ`ãȯÉĤǓfȪ@
DBIHȡǕ ȡÛ àȡɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȪȡȡ ÌÉȡ
ǕǒƣǒƣȢ
Ȳ èȡ ȯKHFBǕȯȪ@ ȰÛȡȣȡȢĤȯ ȡDGBD ȰÛȡ
ȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡEIKȡȡ¡ȯȡQ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ
͗Ĥȯ
Ĥȯ Ǿȡ
Ǿȡ
ǾȡɇȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȡȡȡ
ȡȡȡȡ
DBIHȡǕ ȡÛ
ȡǔÏ
ȡǔÏ ǒȡ
ǒȡ ǒƣ
ǒƣ \Ȳ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ

Ĥȯ Ǖǒƣ
ƣ
àȡ
àȡ
ɇ ɇ àȢ
àȢ
ĤǓ
ĤǓ
ĤǓȡȡ
ĤǓȡȡ
Ĥȯ ȲC HIH CID FE HII CGHJ CHE EDED
Ĥȯ ȲD FJI JH EC IGF CEGJ CFC FFFI
ȡȢ CFIJ EEH KD GKH DGBD DHB DFIB
Öȧ GCD DDB DK GCJ CDIK CEE DCBB
Ĥȯ ȲG HCF EBI EF KBB CJGG CKD DICC
ȡ[ȣ CHK DB F CJH EIK EK FHEC
ǕǗǔƱ DJE ID H EEJ HKK IE FBJC
àȡ
àȡ FDCK CDCE DEK EKHK KHFB CBB EBID
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ **ȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡȪȡȱȶ ÌÉȡĤ¢ȯ\ǕǽȡǐfȪ@
ȫǑġ¢ȯğ
ȫǑġȢǓȪ
ȫǑġȢǓȪêǔèǓ
êǔèǓ
ǔèǓ
]Ǔ[[ DBI

IȪȫǑġȢǓȯ ȡǒ[k ǕġȡèȧǓHĤǓǓğ
ȢǓȡơȯ êǓfȪȡJǒ¡ȡ àȪk ǕġȡèȧǓHGĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ǔàȡǒ¡ȡȪèǕȡ ȯȡ]ȡȡǏȡ[Ư¡Ǖȯ ǒȯ ȢǒǓ ǔʶǓȡ
ȶê¡ȯȪȡDBIȡǕȡèȪ]ȡȡǏȯ¢ȡǒ¡ȡȡȪ¡ȯȪ
@
]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ ǒèǙ ǕġȡĤȡȪ ǒèȡȡ_ CJ ĤǓȪ ȢȡǓğ
ȡ ȶ ê ¡ȯȪȡ DBI ȡǕ à èȪ Ǚǒƨ IE ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ @
\ǔãȪ [Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ \Ǔȡ ǒèǙ ǕġȡĤȡ ĤǓȯ ȯ Ȫ ǓȪ@ ȡǒ[
53
ǓÛǕ]ȡȡDBIH ȡǕ ȡÛȡǒèǙǕġȡĤȡCFH ĤǓȯ ȯ Ȫ
@
]Ǔ[[ DBIIȪȡǕǒ¡ȡȡ ÌǕǔǕġȡĤȡĤǓȯ ȯ Ȫ
@\ǔãȪ[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡèȪǕġȡĤȡBIĤǓȯ ȯ ȪǓȪ@ȡǒ[
ǓÛǕ]ȡȡDBIHȡǕ ȡÛȡ ÌǕǔǕġȡĤȡJĤǓȯȯ Ȫ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȡǕ]Ûǐȡ[ȪǙǒƨDĤǓȪ ȢȡǓğȡÉȯ
ê¡ȯ ȪȡDBIȡǕ àèȪȡ[ȪǙǒƨFJĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@\ǔãȪ
[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ \Ǔȡ Ǖ]Ûǐ ȡ[ C ĤǓȯ ȯ Ȫ ǓȪ@ǕÉȬ ȫǑġ
¢ȯğȪ ȡȡǓȪȡȢȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àèȪ
ȡ[]Ǔ[[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȪǕȡȡÒfȪ¡Ȫ@ȡǒ[ǓÛǕ]ȡȡ
DBIHȡǕ ȡÛȡǕ]Ûǐȡ[CDHĤǓȯȯ Ȫ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȡǓȢ¢ȯğ[Ȫȡ[ȪǙǒƨDĤǓ àȪ ȢȡǓğ
ȡơȯ ê ¡ȯ Ȫȡ DBI ȡǕ à èȪ ȡ[Ȫ Ǚǒƨ CC E ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ
@]Ǔ[[DBIGȡǕȡèȪǙǒƨCGĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@ȡǒ[ǓÛǕ
]ȡȡDBIHȡǕ ȡÛȡèȪȡ[CFHĤǓȯȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡG
ȡǓȡG

G

ĤǕȫǑġȪȡǋ¡Ǿ
ȫǑġȪȡǋ¡ǾȪȡǒ[
¡ǾȪȡǒ[ǓÛǕǐ[
ĤǓȡ
ĤǓȡ
Ȣ[ DBIE
DBIEIF
IF DBI
DBII DBI
DBII

ȡǕ ȡǕ
ãȢȡ¡ȯȪǕġȡ CBG
ǔʶǕġȡ DBC
ãȢǓ¢ȯ CJC CKI
ǕƧȢǓ¢ȯ GJJ GG DF DDF
ȡǓ¢ȯ HJ FJ EB
Ǖ]Ûǐȡ[ DBH DHG DCF DJC DH
ǓȢ¢ȯğ[Ĥȡǒ¡ȡ[ CJB
ÌǕǔǕġȡĤȡ CEC
ǒèǙǕġȡĤȡ CGG
İȪȬȯ ȡȡƶɇ @
ȫǑġ ȢǓȪ Ȳ ȡ \Û[Þȡ ǐȪȡ ǐȡ[ ȣ ǐȪȪ ȡǓãȪ
ȢȡȪǾȡèȡȢȡ Ǖǒȡ G ĤǓ ȢǓ ȪǾȡ ǐȪ
ĤǓãȪ ȢȡȪǓ¢ȯ ÌĤǓȡǐfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ Ǖȡȡ ȡȪȡȡ ǒǓǏ `¡Ǿ
ȡ[Ǿ\[ȡĤȪfȪ@\ǔãȪ[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡǾC[
EȪȡĤȪfȪǓȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àȡǐȪ
ȡ[[ \[ ȪèȡȢȡ Ǖǒȡȡ[\[ Ȫ
54
ȣǕǾ[\[ȪȡĤȡ¡fȪ@\ǔãȪ[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ
\ǓȡǕǾ\[ȪȡĤȡ¡fȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡG
ȡǓȡG

G
:
Ȱ

Ǖ
Ǖ[ȡ[
\Ǔȡ[\Ǖȡ
ĤǓȡ
`
` DBID
DBIDIE
IE DBI
DBII DBIF
DBIFIG
IG DBI
DBII DBI
DBII
ɇ IB IB IB
Ǖȡ[
ǒȯǕȡ[
ȡȡǕȡ[
Ǔȡ[ȡ[
\Ǔȡ[\Ǖȡ
ȡǔÏɇ
ǒȡ ɇ
ǒƣàȢ
èȡȢȡ Ǖǒȡ JB IB IB
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ DBIHǒȯ ȢǕġȡȡ* LIBOR ȡȪÔȯ
Ǔãȡ[¡Ǿȡ\ãȡȣÞȡ¡ǾȡǔèȡȡfȪ@KCiǑȯ Ěȯ ȣ

ǒã Ȫȡǐk ÞȡDBIȡǕȡĤǓ¡ȯ ȪȡDBIȡǕȡ
ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ @ȡǔÏ ɇ ¡ǾȢȪ \Ûiɇ ȡȪȡȪ ȡǐ k
Þȡ DBI ȡǕȪ ĤǓȪ Ǖȡȡ DBI ȡǕȡ ȯ
ĤǓȡfȪ@
ȡ[G
:
ÞȡȪĤǙǔƣ
ĤǓȡ

ȡǕ
Ǔ¢ȯ ȡ[ ]ȡ

İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ DBIH@
DBIȡǕȡȡǔÏɇ ¡ǾȯǓ¢ȯȡĤȡȶȡǐk ÞȡHĤǓ

ȡȡ[ȡǓȯȡǐk ÞȡCĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@DBIȡǕȡȢ
Þȡ¡ǾĐȬ H ĤǓ C ĤǓ ¡ȯ ȡ Ǔf@ȡǔÏ ɇ Ȫ k
55
]ȡDBIȡǕȡĤǓ¡ȯȪȡDBIȡǕȡKĤǓȡ
fȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àȡɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȪǓ¢ȯĤǓȯ
Ǚǒƨ_ǾE[\[CȪ¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIGШIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ
\ǓȡèȪǓ¢ȯĤǓȯȯ ȪǓȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àȡɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȡǓȢ¢ȯğȡĤȡǒ¡
ȡ[ CĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ_Ǿ[ GH\[ CȪ¡ȯ Ȫ@]Ǔ[
[DBIGIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡèȪȡ[CFĤǓȯǙǒƨfȪǓȪ@
ȡǔÏ ɇ ¡Ǿȯ Ǖ ȡ[Ȫ àȢȡ C ĤǓ Ǚǒ CG ĤǓ aȡ[ ȡ
[ȡ Ĥȡ¡ Ǖ
[ ȶ åèȡ f\Ǖ ȡ ]Ǔ[ [ DBII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ
ĤǓȡ[ĤȡǓȡĤȡƯ¢ȯğȡĤȡ¡ȯ ȡQ@
ȡ[G

G
:
ɇȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȡĤȡǒ¡¢ȯğȡ[
DBI

DBI
DBIȡǕ à

V>OLI FI`%I@OXVS7NIEJ
OJGIÎ RIWIRIWUIW\IIM^KOJV@MI
\I@VW\IY
E_I-RINI @MI

İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ DBIH
ȱ Ȣȡ
ǕȢȡ
DBIGȡǕ ȡÛȡCCGGGǓÛǕ ¡ȯȪȯÜ ȯ ǗȡǋDBIHȡǕ ȡÛȡ

CEIID ǓÛǕ ȡ fȪ @ DBIH \ ȡ ȡÛȡ ȯÜ ȯ ǗȡǋCDGKB
ǓÛǕ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ȯȡ è fÈ ȯÛ ǓǓȯ ȡ ǗȢǙ
ȯ¡ǾȪ ǕƠȡǗãǾF[GJ\[FKȪǕȯȪ@\ǔãȪ[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ
\ǓȡǾE[KC\[HEȪ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡĤȡǓȡȡ[ǾEB\[FCȪ
ȡȪǕȱȢǐȡfȪ@[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡĤȡǓȡȡ[Ǿ
ȱ ȢǐȡfȪǓȪ@ \Ǔȡ ȡȡȯȪĤȡǓ
DD\[EJȪǕ
Ǔçȡȡ[ǾD\[ IGȪ¡ĤȯǓçȡȡ[ǾF\[ FC
56
Ȫbğȡ[ǾDC\[ FGȪàǕ Ǖ\Öȡ[ǾC\[ JB
ȪǕȱȢǐȡfȪ@
DBIG ȡǕ ȡÛȡ ȯȡ è fÈ ȯÛȡ ǗȢǙ àȢȪ ÌÉȡ DBG
¡ȯȪȡDBIHȡǕ ȡÛȡDCDǕȯȪ@
ȡ[G

G
͗ȯÜ ȯ ǗȡǋȯÜ ȯÝȪ
ÝȪ Ǘ ȡǋ
Ǘȡǋ
ǓÛǕȡ
ȯÜ ȯ Ǘ ȡȲ ȯÜ ȯ ÝȪ Ǘ ȡȲ

İȪȬȯȡèfÈ ȯ Û Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡȪ
ȱ Ȣ DBIG ȡǕ ȡÛȪ Ǖȡȡ

DBIH ȡǕ ȡÛȡ ǓȪğ ȡ Ǖ
DFI ĤǓȯ ǙǒƦ _ ǾCI [ HB \[ KE Ȫ fȪ @Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ
`×ȡ ȱȡǕȱȢȪ\ǕȡĤǓ¡ȯȪ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡǓȪğȡȪȡǾC[ EB\[
EDȪ¡ȯȪ@\ǔãȪ[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡǓȪğȡȪȡǾGH\[
KKȪ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@

]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡǓȪğǓ¢ȯȡȡ ȡȪ ȯȡĤȡ
ǐ¡ȯȪ Ǔ Ǔf Ȣȡ CC àȢ ȡ[ _ Ǖ ȡ[ àȢȪ ÌÉȡ DCD
Ǖ
ȯ Ȫ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à Ǔ Ǔf Ȣȡ ȡ[ fȡ Ǔ¢ȯ
è¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡIGǕȯȪǓ¢ȯ è¡Ǿȯ ǔãȡȡȰ Ǔ¢ȯ ȯȡ
`Þȡ`ȱȰ]fȡQ@

]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ ȡÛȡ\ȫǓǙǓȪğȪ ÌÉȡG\[DB
Ȫ HB ȡ ǕȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ èȪ ÌÉȡ \[ CD
ȪKBȡ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@

57
ĤȡǓ Ǔçȡ ȡǒ¡Ēȡ¡ȣ ȡȡ \Ǔȡ[ ȯ ȱȰ ǒ¡Ēȡ¡ȣ ȡȡ ȪãȯȪ ÌÉȡȡ
`ãȯÉǙǒƨ]fȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ ȡÛȡǒ¡Ēȡ¡ȣȡȡȪ
Ǖ ÌÉȡCHȡFH¡ȡǕȯȪ@f[\ǔèȪ ÌÉȡȡF
¡ȡ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
ȡǓG
ȡǓG

G

ǓȪğ\ȫǓȪ\èȡ
ǓȪğ\ȫǓȪ\èȡ
ǒ
ǒ DBIEͬIF
DBIE IF
IF DBIFͬIG
DBIF IG
IG DBI
DBII ǒ¡Ȫ]ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡Ȫ]ǒ¡ȡ
DBI
DBII DBIH
DBIHII
ȡ[àȢȪ ÌÉȡ CJI CKF DBC DBC DCD
Ǔ¢ȯ èȪ HB HJ ID HK IG

ÌÉȡ
ǒ¡Ēȡ¡ȣȡȡȪ JHH͘K CDJH͘G CGIB͘G CFHE͘H CHFG͘K
ÌÉȡ
¡ȡȡ
\ȫǓǙǓȪğȪ DEI DHIJ FDBE FCDK GDBH
ÌÉȡ
Ȫȡ
İȪȬǓ Ǔf fÖǔÈȣǍǓ
Ȣȡ
Ȣȡ
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȢȢȡàȢCKǓȸȢȡàȢ
DBǕȸȡàȢCȣàȡȢȡàȢ ÌÉȡFB¡ȯ Ȫ@
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȢȡå ȡȪǕǒƣȢİȪȡ`Ȫ
ǾF[HC\[HKȪ¡ȯ Ȫ@ ÚȯȢȢȡå ȡȶȢȪ
ǾE[KB\[HFȪǓȸȢȡå ȡȶȢȪǾIC\[G
Ȫ¡ȯ Ȫ@ȪǒƣȢİȪȡ`Ȫ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȪ
ǕȡȡFDIĤǓȯȣ¡Ȫ@
ȢȡàȢ¡ǾȪȢȡǕãǙǒƨ¡ǕȱȰ fȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡȢ
ǓȸǕȸȡȣàȡǾKG\[EIȪȢȡǕã][fȪȡ]Ǔ[
[DBIHIIȡèȪ][ǾC[CJ\[Ȫ¡ȡȡ¡ȡȣȡǕÊȯ\ǕȡǐfȪ
@
Ȣ ȡ Ǔȸ Ȣȡ å ȡ ȶ ȢȪ ȡȢȪÊ ĐȬ Ǚǒƨ ¡ǕȱȰ
fȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ ȡÛȡèȪǾE[ DE
\[GGȪǕȯȪ\Ǖȡ@ ȡȢǓȸȢȡȪ\Ȳ ĐȬJHK
ĤǓCECĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@

58
ȡǓȡG
ȡǓȡG

G
͗ȢȡǓȸȢȡ¢ȯğȪȡȢȪÊ ȡ
Ǿ
ǾȪȡ
Ȫȡ
Ȣȡ
Ȣȡ
Ȣȡ

]Ǔ[[ àȡ
àȡ
àȡ
Ȣ
Ȣ
Ȣ Ǔȸ
Ǔȸ
Ǔȸ

DBIDШIE CCJCDG DCJED CEKKGI
DBIEШIF CFJHDE DEDCF CICJEI
DBIFШIG CKHIFE EDIKI DDKGFB
DBIGШIH I
DBIHШII
DJCEBB FDDGB EDEGGB
İȪȬȡǒƶȢȡ ǓǓDBIH
ȡǕ ȡÛ àȡ
DBIHȡǕ ȡÛ àȡǐDDBĤǓȡȪȢȡȡ¡ǕȱǕȯȪ@
Ȱȯǔ Ȫȡ àȡȣ Ȣ Ȣȡ ȯ ȡ ȡ[ Ȣȡȡ ǐ DH ĤǓ
ȡȪ¡ǕȱǕȯȪ\Ǖȡ@ Ȳ Ȣ Ȳ ȡ\ǕǽȢȡàȢ¡Ǿȡ_ȡȡèȡȡ
ȡǒèȡ[Ǔȶ Ǒ^fȪȡDBIHȡǕ ȡÛ àȡȢȪȡȡ ÌÉȡ
Ȣ Ȣȡ[ CJDI Ǔȸ Ȣȡ[ CCIB ȣ àȡ DKKI ¡ȯ Ȫ @
DBIHȡǕ ȡÛ àȡȡȢĤȯ ȡ ȰÛȡȣȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡ ȰÛȡ
ȢȪȡȡ ÌÉȡ¡ȯȪ@
ȡǓȡG
ȡǓȡG

G
͗ȢȡǓȸǒȪ ÌÉȡ
ȢȡǓȸǒȪ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
Ĥȯ ȢȢȡ
ȢȢȡ ǓȸȢȡ
ǓȸȢȡ àȡ
àȡ
Ĥȯ Ȳ EDE CJI GCB

Ĥȯ Ȳ DFF CFJ EKD
ȡȢ FHE EHJ JEC
Öȧ CJD CGF EEH
Ĥȯ Ȳ DID CKB FHD
ȡ[ȣ CEK FG CJF
ǕǕ ǔƱ DBF IJ DJD
àȡ
àȡ CJDI
CJDI CCIB
CCIB DKKI
DKKI
İȪȬȡǒƶȢȡ ǓǓ
ǙǒȡǕȲ¢ȢȢȡǕãȪ IGĤǓ\ǕȡǑȯ åèȡf\Ǖǽ]Ǔ[

[ DBIGIHȡ ȡȯ ǾDD\[ KȪȢȡǋȪǾC\[ FFȡ
Ȣȡ Ǖã Úȯ Ǿ IG Ȫ EG ȡ \Ǖȡ Ĥȡ ȯ Ȫ @ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIHIIȪȡǕ ȡÛ àȡǾCJ\[JDȪIHȡȢȡǋȪǾ
JFȪFFȡCH¡ȡȢȡǕãÚȯ ǾHEȪEEȡCD¡ȡ
\ǕȡĤȡǐfȪ@

59
ȰɇǒƣȢ Ȳèȡ
ȡ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪǕ àȡ[ȡȣ ʶȪȪ àǔƣȡȡǒ×Ǿ
E[ HB\[ IJȪǕȯȪ@ ʶȡ[¡ǾȪ ǔʶǾE[ DE
\[IGȪ¡ȯ Ȫ@
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪǕ àȡȡǐȡȢȪȪ àǔƣȡȡǒ×Ǿ
C[ GH\[ KGȪǕȯȪ@ǒǓǏ¢ȯğȡȣȪȪǾC[ EJ\[
GGȪȡ[ȡȡȢ¡ȯȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à¡Ǖȡɇ ȪǕǓ¢ȯǾC\[FE
ȪIDȡ¡ȯȪȯ ǕǾEIȪHGȡȡ[ ȡȢfȪ@
Ȫɇ ȡǕȡȡ ÌÉȡHD¡ȡG CIǕȯȪ@
Ǔ¢ȯȡȡ[ Ǖ¢Ȫȯ ɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȡĤȡǙǓåǔƠȡȡȡ
ȡǕƨǓȡȡȡ¡ȯ ȪǾEȡ àȪǓ¢ȯ Ǖ¢fQɇ ȡǒƣȢ
Ȳ èȡȡȪǒfȡĤȡǓȡĤȡƯ¢ȯğȡĤȡ¡¡Ǖȯ Ǖȡ[ǒǏ[ȡ[ ȡȡ
ȡȫȡ`ƭȡ[Ǚǒȡ[]ǑȪ Ǖ¢ȷ ]fȪ@DBIH\ ȡ à
Ǿ DG \[ IE Ȫ ȡ[ Ǖ¢ ȯ Ȫȡ DBIH Ǖ àȡ Ǿ FJ \[ GE
Ȫȡ[ IHɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȪǾH[ HB\[ HȪȪǓ¢ȯ
Ǖ¢fȪ@
ȡǓȡG
ȡǓȡG
͗Ǔ¢ȯȡȡ[ Ǖ¢ȪȪ\èȡ
¢ȪȪ\èȡ
DBIG
DBIG DBIH
DBIH DBIH
DBIH
ǒ
ǒ DBIG
\ ȡ
\ ȡ
DBIG\ ȡ
Ǖ \ ȡ
\ ȡ Ǖ
ȡ[ Ǖ¢
CBBJJ CEEIC DGIDI FJGDI

Ȫȡǽ
Ǔ¢ȯ Ǖ¢
FEBIEK GIKKIG HBEEJI HHBBGK

ǾȪȡ
ɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȪ
JK JG JG IH
ÌÉȡ
Ǔ¢ȯȡȡ ÌÉȡ CKEHKCBC DDDKBHBH DDCJBBCH DGECEKDF
İȪȬǓ¢ȯȡȡ[ Ǖ¢ȪDBIH
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȡǕ àǒǓǏɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȡàȡC¡ȡ

I HBbȢȡ[ ǗȡȯÛġǓǓȯ ȪȡȪ ǗȢȡ ȡȯfȡQ@
¡ȡȣ Ȳèȡ
ȡ
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȡǕ à ¡ȡȣ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡEF¡ȡJ EI

ȯ è ÌÉȡHGȡCG¡ȡF HBȯǕȱȢǾII\[ DF
Ȫ¡ȯ Ȫ@
60
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à ¡ȡȣ¢ȯğȡǾE[GB\[GJȪ
ǐȡ_ǾE[FC\[ICȪbǐȡfȪ@]Ǔ[
[DBIGIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡǾE[FG\[GKȪǐȡ_
ǾE[ED\[ICȪbǐȡfȪǓȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ ȡÛ àȡ ¡ȡȣ ¢ȯğȡ HJ ¡ȡ F
Ĥ×¢ȪȡȣǓ [ȡfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡǕ àȡ Ĥȡǔà Ȳ èȡȡ¡ȯ ¡ȡȣ \ǓȡȪ
ȯÛġȯ ǔ ǔãȡ ¡ à ȡǒƶ ¡ȡȣ ¡ȡ Ȳ C ȡǒƶ ¡ȡȣ ɇ C ȯÛġȣ
ǒ ¡ȡȣ Ȳ DBǔãȡ ¡ȡȣ Ȳ HK ǒ ǔãȡ ¡ȡȣ Ȳ
DGHȡ[_ ʶȡȡ¡ȯ ȡQ@
ǓfȲĤƨ[ĤȡȡȣǕãȡ`ȡfȧǙØȡǋ]ȡǓ ȡȣ×ȡ
Ǘȡ`Þ¡Ǖȯ åèȡ[ ¡ȡȣȡǐȢ àÛȢåèȡ ǗȡĤȡȣ

Co-operative and Poverty-related Management Information System- COPOMIS)
ȡȡ[Ûȡ¡ȯȪ@
61
Hȡƻ¢ȯ
ȡƻ¢ȯğ

Ǔȡ[Ĥƨ[\ȡæ]ȡǓÛğ]Ûǐ`×ȡȡ[]ȡĤǓèȡ
ȯ ȡ ȡ Ǔȡ[ Ǚǒƨ ȡ ]ȡ ÌǕ _ åȡȡ ȡȡȡ Ǖȡ fȪ @
ȪȡȡÛǔèǓȡ¡ȯȪ@ǒȯ ȢǕġȡ ǔÑǓ ǕǺ\èȡȡ¡ȯȪ@
ȪǓĤȪȪȡǓãȡǒ¡ȡ¡Ǿȡ[]ȡȢȰȯǔȪȡȣ
\ǽƨ_ǒĤȯ]ÛǗ¡ǕȡȯȪ@ȡǒȡé¢ȯğ ÛǕȡȰ@
åȡȡ
Ȱȯǔåȡȡ
åȡȡ
]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȯ ǔ Ǔȡ[Ȫ Ǚǒƨ `Í ȯ ǔfȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIIȡǓȡ[CKFĤǓ]ȡCEKĤǓȯǙǒƨfȪǓȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȡǓãȡǒ¡ȡ¡Ǿȡ]ȡȪǙǒƨbȡ×¡ǕȱȰfȪ
Ǔȡ[ȪǙǒƨ`ÍfȪȯ ǕèǕ åȡȡȡǓȡ[Ȫ\Ȳ ÕfȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȡHĤǓ¡ȯ ȪèȪ\Ȳ ]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ
ȡǕ àȡĤǓǕȯȪ@
H
ǕåȡȡȡǓȡ[]ȡȪ \Ȳ
ĤǓȡ
ȡ[H

Ǔȡ[Ȫ\Ȳ ]ȡȪ\Ȳ

İȪȯ ȡȡƶɇ
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àǕèǕǓȡ[ĤǓȯǙǒƨ_ǽ
\[ȪǕ
ȯ Ȫ@]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡèǕǓȡ[
CĤǓȯ ȯ ǽ\[ DȪǕȯȪǓȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBII
Ǖ [CĤǓȯ Ǔȡ[ȯ Ȫ
ȪȡǕ àȡ[ĤǓ\ÛǕ
ȯ Ȣ[ĤǓȯ Ǔȡ[ȯ Ȫ@]Ǔ[[ DBIIȪ Ȫ¡ȣ
Ǖ [CĤǓȯ Ǔȡ[ȯ ȪǓȪ
\Ǔȡȡ[ĤǓ\ÛǕ
ȯȢ[ĤǓȯǓȡ[ȯ ȪǓȪ@
62
]Ǔ[ [ DBII Ȫ ȡǕ à ȡȯ \ɇ Ȣ ]ǕȶǑ kǓ ǓǕȣ
Ǖȡ ȡȡȡȡèǕȪǓȡ[ȯ Ȫȯ èȡȡȡȡȡȣȪȡ
Ǖ ȡȡȪȡȡȡèǕȪǓȡ[ȯ Ȫ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIIȪȡǕ àǕèǕ ]ȡDĤǓȯ ȯ ǽK

[ \[ ȪȡfȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIIȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\Ǔȡ
èȪ]ȡDĤǓȯȯ Ǿ[\[ȪǕȯȪǓȪ@]Ǔ[
[DBIIȪȡǕǒ¡ȡ àȡȡfȪ]ȡĤǓȯ ȯ Ȫ
Ǖ ȡfȪ]ȡJĤǓȯ
ȯȢȡfȪ]ȡĤǓ\ÛǕ
ǙǒƨfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIIȪ ȡǕ à Íȡ ȡȯ ȡ ȡǓ ¡Ȫ Ǔ
Ǖ ȡ[ȡȡèǕȪ]ȡȯ Ȫȯff
Íȡ ȪȡǒȯȯǓ ȣȡȡ[
Ǖ ȡ[ ǕȯĚȪǓȡ[Ǔ ȯÛȡȡèǕȪ
Ǔȯȡȡȡȡ ȡȡȡ[
]ȡȯ Ȫ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIIȪȡǕ àǕȰȯǔåȡȡĤǓȯ ȯ ǽ

[\[ȪȡfȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\Ǔȡ
ǕåȡȡDDĤǓȯȯ ǽ[C\[ȪǕȯȪǓȪ@
ȡ[H

H
ȡ
ȡƻ¢ȯ
ȡƻ¢ȯğȡĤǕǐ Ǘ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ

åȡȡ ÛǕ ǒĤȯ

İȪȯ ȡȡƶɇ
åȡȡ ÛǕ

ȪȡÛǒĤȯ
ȪȡÛǒĤȯ

]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àǕèǕåȡȡȡȡFĤǓȯ ÌǕ
_ǽJ[ \[ ȪȡfȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIIȪ
Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡèȪȡȡDĤǓȯ ȯ ǽ[ \[ ȪǕȯȪ
ǓȪ@
63
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àȪȡÛǔèǓǽ\[Ȫȯȡ
¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡèȪ ÛǕǽ\[
Ȫȯ ȡȡȡ¡ȯȪǓȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIIȪȡǕ àǽC[
\[Ȫȯȡȡȡ¡ȯ ȪȡǕȡȡ]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àǽC
[\[Ȫȯȡȡȡ¡ȯȪ@èǕ]ȡȡ ȯȡ[ȡȢ]fȡ
ȡȡǕȡȡȡ ǕȡȡȪȡÛǔèǓȡ¡ȯȪ¡Ȫ
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àǒĤȯ]Ĥȡ¡ĤǓȯǙǒƨ_ǽG
[D\[ȪǕȯȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡǒĤȯ
]Ĥȡ¡ĤǓȯȯ ǽ[\[ȪǕȯȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡH
ȡǓȡH
ǒĤȯ]Ĥȡ¡Ȫ\èȡ
]Ĥȡ¡Ȫ\èȡ
ǒ
ǒ DBIC
DBICID DBI
DBII DBI
DBII

ǒĤȯ]Ĥȡ¡
HCIE JIKE KDF

ǽ\[
ĤǓǐ[ CEH
ǒĤȯȪǕȡ¡[èØ
DK G
`×ȡ ȱȪ\Ǖȡ
ȡǕȡȡĤȡǓƯȡ

ǒĤȯ]Ĥȡ¡Ȫ\Ȳ
ȡǕĚȡÛ ]ȡ
G
ǒĤȯ]Ĥȡ¡Ȫ\Ȳ
İȪ͗ȯȡȡƶȰǋDBI ΎȡǕ à

ȢǒǓ ǔʶǓ
ǒȯ ȢǒǓ ǔʶǓ
Ǖ ǒȯ Ȣ ǒǓ ǔʶǓ DBI \ ȡ ȡÛȡ ǽC [ \[ K Ȫ
¡ȯȪȡ DBI ȡǕ ȡÛȡ ǽC [ \[ C Ȫ ǕȯȪ @ ǒȯ Ȣ
ǒǓ ǔʶǓ DBI \ ȡ ȡÛȡ \ȯǐȧ ȡ \[ Ȫ ¡ȯ Ȫȡ
DBIȡǕ ȡÛȡK\[ȪǕȯȪ@
DBIȡǕ ȡÛȡȡ¡ȯȪǕǒȯ ȢǒǓ ǔʶǓȡȯȡȡƶȰǋȡ

¡ȯȪ ǔʶǓȪ\Ȳ JHĤǓ¡ȯȪȯǕǒȯ ȢǒǓ ǔʶǓȡȡȢ
Ǖġȡ ǔʶǓȪ\Ȳ DĤǓ¡ȯȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àȪ]ȡȡ_]ȡȡÛȡȰǒǍ¢ȯğ ȱ¡ȯȪ
ǒȯ Ȣ ǒǓ ǔʶǓȯ C ǒ¡ȡȪ èǕ ]ȡ ǒ¡ȡȪ èǕ ȡ ȯȡ
]ȡȡǏȡ[Ư¡ȯȯ ǔÛ@

64
ȡȢ
Ĥ×¢ȰȯǔȡȢ
DBI \ ȡ ȡÛȡ Ĥ×¢ Ȱȯǔ ȡȢ ȡǒ× ǽ [ Ȫ ¡ȯȪȡ
DBI\ ȡ ȡÛȡèȪȡǒ×ǽ[\[DȪǕȯȪ@]Ǔ[
[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȰȯǔȡȢȡǽ\[ȡȡȲ ǕƠȡȢfȪ
@]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡèȪȡȡȲǽDF\[ ǕƠȡȢfȪ
ǓȪ@
ȡǓȡH ǕƠȡȢȪ\èȡ
ȡǓȡH
ȡȡȲ ǕƠȡȢȪ\èȡ
ǕƠȡȢ DBICID DBII DBII
ȡȡȲǕƠȡȢ

ǽ\[ȡ
ȡǕȡȡǕƠȡȢȡ

ȡȡȲȪ\Ȳ

İȪȯ ȡȡƶȰǋDBI ȡǕ àȪ
ǒǓ
ǒǓ
DBI\ ȡ ȡÛȪǕȡȡDBIȡǕ ȡÛȡȯȡȣǾȰȡȱ\ȯǐȧ ȱ
ĤǓȯ\ǗãfȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ Ȫ¡ȣ\Ǔȡȯȡȣ
ǾȰȡȱ ĤǓȯ \ǗãfȪǓȪ@DBIȡǕ ȡÛȡ\ȯǐȧ
fȪǐǒǓǽCCF¡ȯ Ȫ@DBI\ ȡ ȡÛȡèȪǒǓ
ǽCBKE¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@

65
ǐȢ
ǐȢǓȡȪȡȣ
ǐȢǓȡȪȡȣ
ǓȡȪȡȣ
ȯȡȡǓȯ¢ǐȢȪ\ǕȡĐȬÒȰ ]Ǔ[[ȡǕǐȡ

ÌÉȡȪĤǓȡȯ Ȫ@× Ȱ ȣ¡Ǖ]ǓǐȢĤǓ
Ǖ ȡ `Í ]Ǔ[ Ǚǒƨ ¡ȡǓ ¡Ǖ
ȯ Ȫ @ Ǔãȡ [¡Ǿȡ Ǖ Ǖ ȡ ȡȰ
ȡǐȡ_ȡȪȡȣȡ]ƨȶ ȢǓĤȡȡȣ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ Ȳ ¢
ȡ[Đ ¡ǕǓǗ[ ȡ[ ȡ[ĐȰȯǔȪȡȣȡĤȡƯǒĤȯ]ȯ ǐȢ
ȯȪȡȣÛǗȢ¡ǕȱȰfȪ@ȡǒƶȪȡ]ȪȪǓãȪ\Ǖȡ\Ǖ ȡ
]Ǔ[ [ ȡ Ǔȯ¢ ǐȢ ȣ ĤǓ ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ @
ǒ ȯ¡ȣ ȡ ȡȡǔ Ǘȡǋ¡Ǿȡ `ãȯÉ Ǖȡ fȪ Ø 0XOWLSOH
,QGLFDWRU &OXVWHU 6XUYH\ 0,&6 ȯ ȯ ȡfȪ @ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ Ǔãȡ
ǒ¡ȡ¡Ǿȡȯ ȪǓ ĤȪȡȡǐȢȯȪȡȣȡȡȯ Ȫ\Ǖȡ
@
ǐȢǓȡ
ȣ[ȡȣ Ȫ ǒ¡ȪÛĢɋȪȡȯǒ Ȳ DBJI àȡ]\ ȡȡÛǗȢ

ȷ ǐȢȪȯ ȡǕǓ¡ȯȪ ÌÉȡGĤǓȡǒ Ȳ DCBB àǗÛȡȡȶ
ê¡ȯ Ȫ@
Ǖ ȡƶ Ȳ Ȣǒȡ ȡ[Đ
ǗfǓȢȪ QDBCKȪĤǓȯ\Ǖ ȡȯȡȪ
Ȳ Ơ
ȡǒȡ ǗȡǋBGIK¡ȯȪ@ ¡ȣ¢ȯğȡǓȯ¢ǐȢȯ ǔfǓ
ǐȢȪ ȡ `Í ¡ȯȪ @ĒȡȢ ¢ȯğȡ Ǔȯ¢ ǐȢ `Í ¡ȯȪ @ÛĢɋ
Ȫȡȡ ǐȢ Ǔȡȡ_ ȡǒƶ ȢǓȪ Ǿȡ \ÌȢȡ ȯ ȱȰ Ȳ ͕ Ĥȯ
èȡȢ¡ȡ ȡȡǐȢǓȡȡȡǓǔ¢ȡ[Đ¡Ǿ ʶȡ¡ǕȱȰ]fȡ
Q@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡI
͗
ǐȢ àÛȢ
ǐȢ àÛȢ
àÛȢĤǕ Ǘ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
Ǘ
fȡ_
fȡ_ ĤǓ
ĤǓ ȡ[
ǐȢȪȯ ȡǕȢ¡ȯȪ ÌÉȡǭ ĤǓ CJI DBIFIG
ȡǒȡ Ǘȡǋ ȡ BGIK QDBCK
ȡǒȡ Ǘȡǋ
èȡ ǒƳ CFJCJK QDBCK
¡Ǖ]ȡǓǐȢ Ǘȡǋ ĤǓ DJH DBIFIG
İȪȬȡǒƶȪȡ]Ȫ
]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àDHǔãȡȡCDȡD¡ȡǐȡȪ
¡Ǖ]ȡǓ ǐȢ ȡȡ ȡǓ Øȡǋ Ì ȣ ǐȢ ȡȡ Ǘ¡ǾȪ
ǒƲȯǐfȪ@ Ȫ ȶ¢ȡǐȢȪȯ ȡǕȢ¡ȯȡEȡKC¡ȡJEC
66
ǐȡ ǒ¡ȡ fȡ Q@ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [ȡ CD ǔãȡȡ ǐȡȪ
Øȡǋ Ìȶȡ[Đ¡ȯȪ@

Ȫȡȣ
Ȫȡȣ
ĮǔƠ ȶ¢͕DBIF\Ǖ ȡCG[ȡǓȪĮ ¡ȡǓȡEJGĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ
@ȯȡȡĤǓ[ǐGȡȡȯȡȱĮǔƠĮȡȡĤȯȶȯ ȡ
Q@ȡȱ ĮǔƠȪȡǓȡ[ƯȪȡȣǓ [ȡ¡Ǖ ȯȪȡĮȪȡ
]ǗǓ[ȢǗ Ȫ\Û¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡI
͗
ĮǔƠ ȶ¢\Ǖ ȡ
ȡȪȡȣ
Ȫȡȣ àÛȢ
Ȫȡȣ àÛȢ
àÛȢȯ¡ȣĤǕ Ǘ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
Ǘ
ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ
Ǖǽ àȡ
àȡ
Ȫȡȣ ÌÉȡȪ\Ǖȡ
ĤǓ
ĮǔƠ ¡ȡǓȡ
CG[ȡǓ͕ĤǓ DHE GEJ EJG
ȯȪȡ Éȡ
¡ȡȡ
ĮȪ\ã`Ȫ
ĤǓ FJI ECJ EKD
\ȫȡǐ¢ȯğȡ¡ȯȪȪȡȣ
ĤǓ EDE EKB EHG
ǕÉȯȡȡk ȡ[
ĤǓ¡ƯȡÖȡ EK FJ
\ȫȡǐ¢ȯğȪȪȡȣ
ĤǓ
İȪȬĮǔƠ ȶ¢ȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡ@
ȪȬĮǔƠ ȶ ¢ȡ¡ƯȡȡfÖȡ\ȡȡ^ȡȪȡǓèǕȡ ȯ ȡ`×ȡȡ[ȡ Ȳ Êfȡ
åǔƠ¡ǽȡ_ȪȡȣĤȡƯfȪåǔƠȪǾȡǐȡǒǐfȪ@
ȪȡȣȪ ¡ àÛȢ gDBIG Ȫ åèȡȪ ȡȡ[Û\Ǖ ȡ Ĥ×ȯ èȡȢ

¡ȡȪȡ ȯȡȯÛġȪèȡȡȣȯȪȡ¡ǾȪǒ¡ȡ ǗȢȶ ȡ
Ȫȡ ȯȡȯÛġȡ ǗȢǙfȡȯȪȡåǔƠ¡Ǿȡ_f]Ǔ[[ȡÛǗ
CBBǑȪȪȡȣĤ×ȡǗǓȯ Ȫ@
ĤȡÛğȢ Ȫȡ ȡ[Đ \Û[ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ Ȱ Ĥȯ ȡ HFH
èȡȢ ¡ȡ ǒǓǏ ȡ[Đ¡Ǿ ʶȡ _ C ȡJJ ¡ȡ åǔƠ¡Ǿȯ k
CDFE Ǒ Ȫȡ ȡfȡ Ǔf@ ÌÉȡȪ ǒ¡ ȡȯ ȣ ğȡȡ Ȫȡȣ Ĥȡ ȶ
Ĥȯ ¡ǾȡĐ ǕǗǔƱĤȯ ǡĤȯ ȲGǡȡ[ȣĤȯ ǡĤȯ ȲDǡĤȯ ȲCǡ
ȡȢĤȯ ÖȧĤȯ ¡ȯȡǓf@
ȡǓȡI
ȡǓȡI
:
ĤȡÛğȢȪȡȡ[ĐȡǓ ǔ[ȪȡȣȪǒ
ȪȡȣȪǒ
ȪȡȣȪǒ
ȡ[Đ
Ȫȡȣ
èȡȢ
èȡȢ Ñ
ȡ
ȡ
Ȫȡȣ
ȪȡȣĤȡ
Ñ
ȡ
ȡ
ȯ ȡ ]Ȫȡ
]Ȫȡ Ĥȡ
Ĥȡ àȡ
àȡȪȡȣ
Ĥȯ ¡Ȫ ȯ ȡèȡȢ ǐfȡ
èȡȢ¡Ȫ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ ǐfȪ Ǒ
Ǒ
ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ ¡Ȫ ÌÉȡ
¡Ȫ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ åǔƠ¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡ
åǔƠ¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ k Ǒ
k Ǒ
Ĥȯ ȲC CEI CCG DD CEFI DCEHE CFKF ECKDCB
Ĥȯ ȲD CEH CBC EG KFC DJHKI CCJC EEJJDE
ȡȢ CCK KD DI KEF CJGBI CCGK DCFGCG
67
ȡ[Đ
Ȫȡȣ
èȡȢ
èȡȢ Ñ
ȡ
ȡ
Ȫȡȣ
ȪȡȣĤȡ
Ñ
ȡ
ȡ
ȯ ȡ ]Ȫȡ
]Ȫȡ Ĥȡ
Ĥȡ àȡ
àȡȪȡȣ
Ĥȯ ¡Ȫ ȯ ȡèȡȢ ǐfȡ
èȡȢ¡Ȫ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ ǐfȪ Ǒ
Ǒ
ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ ¡Ȫ ÌÉȡ
¡Ȫ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ åǔƠ¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡ
åǔƠ¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ k Ǒ
k Ǒ
Öȧ JG IJ I IDF CHJHC CBID CJBIBG
Ĥȯ ȲG CBK CBC J CFEE DKGGD CFKJ FFDIDD
ȡ[ȣ IK IF G JFG EEBBE CCCJ EHKBDD
ǕǗǔƱ JJ JG E CDEH FBEJF CCJC FIIBDE
àȡ
àȡ IGE
IGE HFH
HFH CBI
CBI IFHB
IFHB CJJEHI
CJJEHI CDFE
CDFE DEFDBDB
DEFDBDB
İȪȬĮ͕Ȫȡȡ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡÛğȡ
ȪȡȣǓ [ȡȡ[ ȡ[ǓǓȡ[ȡ[Đȡ]Ȫȡ¡ǾȡĮǓȪȡ¡Ǖȯ

ȡȪǔȡĮǓ¡ǾȪ]ǗǓ[Ȫȡ ȯȡȯÛġȡ[¡Ǖȯ _ ȰèȡȢ¡ȡ
ĮȪȡ]ǗǓ[Ȫkȡǐ Ȳ ÛğȪǒȡ fȪ@
ȡǒƶå ȡÛèȡèØȡ Ǖ¢ȡȢǓ͕DBIHèȢǙ_ȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ
@Ȫȡȣ àÛȢfȧǙØȡǋåǔè\ƭȡǓȡÉIGEèȡȢ¡ȡ
Ȫȡåèȡ ǗȡĤȡȣ\ƭȡǓȣ ʶȡȡ]fȪ@
ǐȢǓȡȪȡȣǔ¢ȡ[Đ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
ȡ_ȯȡȡǒȡ Ǘ ȡǋȡǕȡ×ǾȡȡǓȯ ȡèȡȢ¡¡Ǿȡ
ȫǓ Ǘȡ[ȡȡǒȡ ȡȡ[Đ¡ǾfȧǙǾȡ ʶȡ[ ȡ_ȯ
Ǚǒƨȡ[Đ ʶȡȡ@
ȡǓȡI
ȡǓȡI
͗
ȡ_ȯ Ǚǒƨȡ[Đ
Ȫ
Ȫ
Ȫȡȡ[Û\èȡ
\èȡ
ǒ
ǒ ê
ê ĤǓ
ĤǓ
ȡǗǒ¡]ȡ Ǔȡ[
ȡ GDJ FGB
ȡǕȡǒǕȡ[ȡ
ȡǕȡǒǒƭȡȡǒȡ

ȯÛġĤ ǕǓ ȯȡȯÛġ ȡǕȡǒȡǓȯÛġǓȡ[
ȡ
ĒȡȢ Ǔȡ[
ǒǓ
ȡȯȡȢ]Ȫȡ1ȡ[Đ¡Ǿ
ȡ
aȡ[`×ȡ
ǒȡ
İȪȬ ǎȢȡǓȡȡ ȡȡÛĤȡ Ûğȡ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ à@
Ǖȡȡ ȡȡå ȡȢèȪȡȪȡȡǕ àȡDBɇ ȡǒƣȢ

Ȳ èȡC͕KBG ¡ȡȣ Ȳ èȡ¡Ǿ ȱȡ[ àȫȡȣàȡǽK\[FKȪ
DHȡJG¡ȡȡȢfȪ@ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àCHE ¡ȡȣ
Ȳ èȡȡ[ ǽ IB Ȫ ȡ[ ȡȢ fȪ @ ȡ[Đȡ ]Ǔ[ [
68
DBIHIIȪȡǕ àF͕HCH ȯȣ¡ȡ àID¡ȡI JKåǔƠ
èȪȡȯȡQ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡFBFǕȡ`ƭ Ǘ¡ȡ_Gȡȡȯ
ȡFGǕȡȡ_Ȱǔ¢ĤȡğȪ]ȡȡDȡȡȯĐȧȪ

ȌȡǾȡbĤȡ¡fȪ@Þȡ\ǕȡǽDBȡDF¡ȡǒ
fȪ@
]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àKH¡ȡI Hǒ¡ȡKD¡ȡCJI
ǕǽȣǕCȡKB¡ȡK CBȡȯå ȡǒȡ Ȣǒȡ ȡǓ
ĤȡƯ ȯ ȡ Q@ ȡ èȪȡ ǕȡȪ ÌÉȡ Ǚǒƨ _ ]][ȡ Ǚǒƨ ¡Ǖȯ
\ȯ¢ȡǐfȪ@
ȯ ȡIIǔãȡȡEEIèȡȢ¡ȡǐ ȱǒƳȯƳȡ[Đ Ñȡȡ¡ȯȪ
@\ǓǒǏǐȡ¡Ǿȡ_ ȯȯH͕ Ǘ¡fȡQ@ ȡ[Đ
ȱ ȢǐȡǒǓǏ]Ǘ
\Û[]Ûǐ Ìȡǐȡ͕Ǔ`Ǖ
ȡ ȡȡ Ǘȡ[ȡ ǒȡ ȡ ȡ[¡Ǿ ʶȡȡ ¡ȯ ȡ Q@ ȡ[Đȯ ǐ
ǐȡȪ¢ȡ\ǓǙǒƨǕ
[ Ȫ ȡȰ ȡÏȪ ȯȡ ǕǒȡİȪ ȡ àȪǒǏ
ǐȡ¡ǾȪ¡Ǖȱ ǕǓǔƱȡȡȯ ȡǕȯȪ@
Ĥȯ Ȳ ȡ J ǔãȡ͕Ĥȯ Ȳ ȡ I ǔãȡ ȡȢ Ĥȯ Ȫ Ǔ ÛǕȣȡ
ʶȡǓĒȡȢ`ƭȡǒĤȯ]Ȫȡ
Ǚǒƨ\Û[ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡȡȯ
CJ¡ȡH DEǕȡ¡Ǿȡ_ȡ[ĤȡǐfȪ@ ȡȰȰȯǔȪȡȣȡ
ȶȡ ȡȡ ȡ ]Ĥȡ ȡ ¡ȯȡ åǔƠȡ ǐȡȡ_ Ǔ` ǕȱȢ ǒ¡
`ƭȢȡǒȡ ȡ]ǗǓ[ĮǙÌȡ]ƨȡ`ȯȡ[ǕǾfȪ@
]Ǔ[Ȫǔȡ¡ȯȡFHH\ǓǒǏǒ¡ȡǕȣ¡Ǿȡ_'ĞŶĚĞƌĐƚŝŽŶ>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐ
^ǇƐƚĞŵ;'>^ͿǒǓȡĤ×¢ ãȡ¡Ǒ_]Ǔ[ ǔƠȡȯ ȡǕâȡ_]ǗǓ[
ĮȲ Ǚȡȡ]ƨȡ^fȪ@
ȡǓ
ȡǓȡ[
ȡ[
]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ à Ǖǔ¢]Ĥȡ ǐȪȡȡȡǓȡ[
ǓȯȪ ÌÉȡ¡ȡ¡ȯȪ@ǕȡĒȡ¡ȣÚȯ]Ĥȡ ȢİȪȯÛġȡ ȯȡ
Ǔ]fȡKCĤǓ͕ȡǗȢ ¡ȡȡȡȡ[DĤǓ͕ Ȣǒȡ DĤǓ
ǒƣȢ ȡ¢ȡGĤǓQȯȪ ȡȡǔȡ[Ǔȯ ȯȡĒȡ¡ȣȪ ÌÉȡf
ĤǓÛȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡǐȡ_ ȡ Ȫȡȣȡ ]ƨ ȶ `ƨȯæȯ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡ
ȡȡɋȡǕȡȡ_ȡǓĤȡǐfȪ@ Ȳ Ȣȡȡȡ[Û ȱȰå ȡǒ
69
ȡǓĤǓƵȡ¡ǾĤȯ ȡ¡èȡÛfȪȯ[ȪǕȡȡȡǓǓȯȪ ÌÉȡ
ÛǗȯ ǔfȪ¡Ȫ@

ȯȡȣ ȡǐ¡Ǿ ǒȯ ȡ _ ȡ ȶȪ Ǖȡȡ kȡǐ ȡÚȡ ǒȯ Ȣ
ȡǐ¡Ǿȯȡȡ]_ȡȶ ÌÉȡǓȰÛǗ¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIH
ȡȰȯȡȣȡǐȯȯȡȡȡ[ĮèȢǙǓǓfȪȡ]Ǔ[[
DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ ȡÛ à KEE ǒȯ Ȣȯ Į èȢǙǓ Ǔfȡ Q @ Į
èȢǙǓȢȶǒȯ ȢȡǐȪ ÌÉȡHJC¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡI
ȡI

I
ĮèȢ Ǔ
ĮèȢǙǓǓȯǒȯ ȢȡǐȪ ÌÉȡ
ĮèȢǙ ǓȪ
DBHKIB DBIBIC DBICID DBIDIE DBIEIF DBIFIG DBIGIHDBIHII
ǒ
ǒ
ȡȱĮèȢǙǓ EJI JHK CEEE GJF KEE
ĮèȢǙǓ
HJC
Ȣ

İȪĮȪȡȡ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡÛğȡ ȡǕ àȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àC͕CGKĮĤǓƵȡ¡ǾȪǓȣ¢ȡ[ àǏ
fȪ @ \Ǔȡ CBD Į ĤǓƵȡ¡Ǿȡ_ ĮǓ ]ǗǓ[ȡ[Ȫ _ȡğ
ĤȡǐfȪ@ Ȱ ȣȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȡĮĤǓƵȡȪ
ÛǗȡǐĮǓȡȡ[ÛȪ\ǕǐfȪ@
Ȫȡ
ȰȯǔȪȡ
ǒȡȪ ȯ ǔȰȯǔȪȡȣȡĤȡƯǒĤȯ]ȡǐȢǓȡ]Ǔ[
ǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ ǒèȡȡ ¡ǂǗ[ Ȫȡ ¡Ȱ ]fȪ @ȯȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ
Ǖ ¡ǾȪ Ǘ Ȣȡ¡ȯȪ@ǒCB
`×ȡȪ\Ǖȡȡ`ÍǒĤȯǓŧȡ`ȯǕ
[Ȫk ǒĤȯ]Ĥȡ¡Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ\ǕȡȡĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȱ ȢȪ Ǿȡ £ȡ͕ Ȣ
Ȱȯǔ Ȫȡȣȯ ǒĤȯȡ ȡȰ ȡȡǔ ȡ ȡȢ Ǖ
\Ǖ¡ȡǓ _`ƭȢȡǒȡ ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡI
ĮèȢǙǓǓ_ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡfȡ
ȪȡȣȡfȡȡȡȪ
ȡȡȪǒ
ǒ
ÌÉȡȡ
ÌÉȡȡ
ȡ

]Ǔ[[DBI
DBIII
II
IIȪ
DBIG
DBIG\ ȡ à
\ ȡ à ȡǕ à
à
ȯ ȡǕ àȡ
àȡ
Ǖǽ
ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ àȡ
àȡ Ǖǽ
ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ àȡ
àȡ Ǖǽ
ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ àȡ
àȡ

ȡ

ȯ ǔȡ

ȡ`ȣ

\
Ǘ f_
70
]Ǔ[[DBI
DBIII
II
IIȪ
DBIG
DBIG\ ȡ à
\ ȡ à ȡǕ à
à
ȯ ȡǕ àȡ
àȡ
Ǖǽ
ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ àȡ
àȡ Ǖǽ
ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ àȡ
àȡ Ǖǽ
ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ àȡ
àȡ
Ǖȯ
¡ȡ_
jȡ
Ȫǐȡ
ȯ ȡ
_ȡ
\ȡǓ

èȡ
ȡȡ
\Û

àȡ

İȪȬȰȯǔȪȡǒȡ
]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȰȯǔȪȡȣȪȡǓĮèȢǙǓǓȯȪ
ÌÉȡ ȡ ¡ȡ ¡ȯȪ ȯ FI ȡ K ¡ȡ ȡȡ Ȱȯǔ
Ȫȡȣȡ fȡ Q @ Úȯ F ȡ ¡ȡ Ǖǽ D ȡ ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ ¡ȯȡ Q@ Ȱȯǔ Ȫȡȣȡ fȡ Úȯ CG ĤǓ ¢͕DFB ĤǓ
\[¢IFGĤǓ\¢ȡȡ¡ȯȡQ@
Ǖ \
ȯȡȪȰȯǔȪȡȣȡĤǕÛå¡Ǿȡȡ͕ȯǔȡ͕ ȡ`ȣ\͕ Ȳ Ơ
_Ǔȯ Ò Ǖȯ¡ȯ ȡQ@Ǔãȡ[¡Ǿȡ ȡ_Ĥ ͕ȪȡǓȡ͕ȡǔãß ͕ȡãȡ͕Ȫ[͕
Ƚèȡȯ ¡Ǿȡ_ȯȡȣǕȡ¡ǾȯȪȡȣȪÛåȡfȪȯ ǔÛ@
ȡ[I
Ȱ
ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡfȡȡȡȪȯ
ȪȡȣȡfȡȡȡȪȯ ǒ
% %
%
% %
%
%
%
ȡ ȯ ǔȡ ȡ`ȣ\ Ǘ f_ Ǖȯ ¡ȡ_ jȡ \Û

Ǖ Ǔğ]Ǔ[ǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ\ǓǙǒƨ_Ȫȡȣȡ\ Ǔ [ȡ¡ǕȱȰfȪ
Ǖ
Ǖ ¡ǾȡĮǓȡ¡ǕȱȰ fȪȯ ȰȯǔȪȡȣȪȡǓĮ
ĮÛåǕ
èȢǙǓǓȯ ÌÉȡÒȪĐȡ@]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à\ǔãȪ
71
]Ǔ[ [Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ \ǓȪ Ǖȡȡ Ȱȯǔ ȪȡȪ ȡǓ Į èȢǙǓ ǓȯȪ
Ǖ ÌÉȡȡBEĤǓȯȢ]fȪ@
ȡǕ àC͕FFCàȡȡàȢ¡Ǿȯ ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡĮǓȡ`ȯ

_ȡ ĤȡƯ ȯ ȡ Q@ Úȯ ǒĐ ĤǓ ǓǔçĐ DJC ĤǓ
¡ȯȡQȯĤǓàȡȡàȢ¡ǾĤǓǔÛ¡ȯ ȡQ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡI
͗
Ȱȯ ǔȪȡȣȡĮǓȡ`_ȡĤȡƯàȢ¡ǾȪǒ
ȪȡȣȡĮǓȡ`_ȡĤȡƯàȢ¡ǾȪǒ
àȢȪ\èȡ
àȢȪ\èȡ àȢ ÌÉȡ
àȢ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ ĤǓ
ĤǓ
ǒĐ JDI

ǓǔçĐ FBH
ĤǓǔÛ DBJ
Ǔǔà B
àȡ
àȡ CFFC
CFFC

ȯȡ ȡȯ Ȳ èȡǾȡCCBȯ ¡Ǿȡ_ȰȯǔȪȡȣȪȡǓǕȡȯ Ȫ

ȯ åǔƠ Ȫȡȣȡ ȡȯ ĤȪȪ ȡǓ Ǖȡ ȯ ȡ ȯ ¡Ǿ Q@
]Ǔ[[ ȪȡǕ àȡ¡ȡǕǽ¡ȡǒ¡ȡ
ȣǕȡ¡ȡȡȡȰȯǔȪȡȣȡfȡQ@ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡ
fȡǕǽǒ¡ȡȪ\ǕȡĐȬKBĤǓCBĤǓ¡ȯȪ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ
͗
ȯ ȰȯǔȪȡȣȪǔèǓ
ȪȡȣȪǔèǓ

]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȪ
ȪȡǕ àȪ
ȯ
Ǖǽ ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ àȡ
àȡ
ȡ
ȯǔȡ
ȡ`ȣ\
Ǘf_
Ǖȯ
¡ȡ_
jȡ
Ȫǐȡ
ȯȡ
_ȡ
\ȡǓèȡ
ȡȡ
\Û
àȡ
İȪȬȰȯǔȪȡǒȡ_ǒf Q[Ȫȡȡ ȡȯǐfȪȰ
72
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ ǒ¡ȡ àȪ \Ǔȡ Ȱȯǔ ȪȡȣȪ
Ǔ Ǔ ȡȡȯȡȣȡǐȪǙ×ǕfȪ@ ÚȯǕǾǒ¡ȡ
ȡȡ¡ȯȡQ@[ȯȡȣȡǐȪȰȯǔȪȡȣȪĐȡǙ×Ǖ
fȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡI
I
:
ȰȯǔȪȡȣȪĐȡǙ×Ǖ¡Ǖ¡
ȯ ǾȪ ÌÉȡ
ǾȪ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ]Ǔ[ ¡ȡȡȪǒ
¡ȡȡ
]Ǔ[ ¡ȡȡ

]Ǔ[[ Ǖǽ
ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ àȡ
àȡ

ǽȪȡ
ǽȪȡ
DBIBIC JGE DF JII CDBH

DBICID CBBB H CBBH DCIF
DBIDIE IKD DF JCH DDC
DBIEIF IEJ CJ IGH DDHE
DBIFIG JBC DB JDC FGHG
DBIGIH IEC DE IGF
CH GKI
İȪȬȰȯǔȪȡȪ[Ȫ ǔȡ ȡǕ à@
]Ǔ[[Ȫǒ¡ȪJǒ¡ȡȡȰȯǔȪȡȣȪĐȡǙ×Ǖfȡ
ǐȡȯ ǽ Ȫ ȡ ]Ǔ[ ¡ȡȡ ĤȡƯ ȯ ȡ Q@ ]Ǔ[ [
ȡ ]Ǔ[ ¡ȡȡ ȡȪ ǽ ȡȡ ȡf I ȡ
ǐfȪ@
ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡȡȯ¡Ǿȡ_ Ǘȡȡȡ[, ȡǕȢ ¡ȡ, Ȣǒȡ ȡǓ,
Ȫ ȡȡǔȡ[ǒƣȢ ȡ¢ȡèȡ ȯȡ¡Ǿ`Þȡ`ȯ`ƧȯæȯèȡȢ
¡Ȫ åèȡ ȡ ȡȡ[Ûȡ ʶȡ ¡Ǖȯ Ǖǔ¢ ]Ĥȡ ǐȪȡ
ǔãȡȡǒèȡfȪ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ
͗
Ȱ àÛȢ ȯȡǓȯ¡ǾȪ
ȰȯǔȪȡȣ àÛȢ
Ȫȡȣ àÛȢ ¡ǾȪǒ
¡Ǿ Ȫǒ
ǒ
]Ǔ[[ DBIBIC
DBIBIC DBICID
DBICID DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII
II
]Ĥȡ ȢİȪ
ȯÛġȡ ȯ ȡǓ
DKFFC KDIEH CDHHBG CCJCJC CCEIHH HFFGJ
]fȡ ȯ ȡĒȡ¡ȣ
;ȡ
ȡǕȢ ¡ȡȡ
DBCH CHIB CKFE DBKC DKBG
ȡȡ[
ȡ
Ȣǒȡ
ȡ IKB CBBC DEGE EBHC CDHE
Ȫ ȡȡǔ
ECD CHEC DIJE DJBG EEBF
ȡ[ ȯ ȡ
ȡ
ǒȢ ȡ¢ȡ
B HEF CBJJ CGIC CIJB EHCE

ȡ

Ǖ ED
EDGGK
GGK KI
KIHID
HID CEF
EFIID
IID CDI
DIIBK
IBK CDE
DEBCJ
BCJ KF
KFFGG
FGG IC
ICBJK
BJK
İȪĮ͕Ȫȡȡ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡÛğȡ ΎĤ]ǒ¡ȡȪ@
73
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ C͕CGK ȡĮ ǒȡ ȡȡ ǐfȪ
@ ȡȰ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȰȯǔȪȡ àÛȢǒǓǏǒȡJIK
`Ǖȣȯ ȪȡGCK`ǕȣȡfȪȯǕȡȡEFB`ǕȣȡȯǓȡ¡ȯȡ
Q@

74
J
J Ǚǒ
ǒȡǗǓ Ǖȡ
ȡ
]Ȫȡȣȡȡƭ Ǖ¢ȡȪǺǒƴȪȯǙǒ¢ȯğ\[ÛğȪĤǕ¢ȯğȪǾȡ
¡ȱȰ ]fȪ@ǒȡ[¡ǽȯ ǔȰ Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡ
Đ ÒȰ ȡǕ \[Ûğȡ Ȳ ȡ× ǐ[Ȫ ǺǒƴȪȯ ¡ǂǗ[ ȯ ǔf Ǔ
ȡȪ`×ȡ×\ǓǙǒƨȣ ĒǙǒ¢ȯğȪ`×ȡ`×ȡ×ȡ`ȯ[
]Ǔ[ȢǓ¡ǾȯǔÛġ¡ǕǕ ǽȣ@¢ȯğǒèȡf ȱȰ`ȪǓÕȰ fȪ
@ ȡ[Ǔ ȯȡĤȡ¡Ĥȡȡȣȡ`ȡȸȡ\ǓǙǒƨ[ ǗǓĤȡ ȡ
ǒƭǕǓȡÚȡȡȪȡǕǾfȪ@
Ǚǒ
ǙǒȡĤǒǓȪĤȪå ȡǒȡÕȰ ȡǕ ȡ ȯȡ¢ȯğȪǒèȡ¡ǕǕ èȡ
ȡȯǙǒ¢ȯğȡ ÌÉȡȪ]ƨȡĐǓǾȡÒȰ ^¡ȯȪ@ QDBBJ
ȪȯȡĮǔƠ ȶ¢\Ǖ ȡǙǒ¢ȯğȡ]ƨ ÌÉȡIEKĤǓ¡ȯȪȡ
QDBCJȡèȪ ÌÉȡHBFĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@
]Ǔ[[DBHIHJȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǙǒ¢ȯğ
Ǚǒ×èȡ
ȪȪȡEICĤǓ¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȡèȪȪȡDII
ĤǓ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ@ǓãȪȡȯȡȪǙǒ¢ȯğȪ`×ȡk ED
ĤǓȯȯ Ȫ@]Ǔ[[GHȡǙǒ¢ȯğȪ`×ȡGCĤǓȯ
ǙǒƨfȪȡ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȡ ¢ȯğȪǙǒƨDHĤǓ¡ȯĤȡǔà
\Ǖȡ@ȡȪ`×ȡȡ]fȪȢȪȪȡȪȡȡǓÛğȡȡǓ
\à ǐfȡ `ȡ¡Ǿȯ ]ǗǓ[ Ĥȡȣȡ ]fȪ \ ¡ ǐǔèǓȪ ȡ
ȡȣȡ ǕǕÊ`×ȡȡ\ ȯ Ȫ@¡ǕȱȰȡǗȡȣ`×ȡȡ
ȡȡÛǙǒƨ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡĐÒȰ _¡ȯ ȪfȡǓ]Ǔ[
ǙǒƨȡǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡȡȯ `ȡȡȯ ǔfȪ@]Ǔ[[ GH
Ȫ]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨȡ ¢ȯğȪȪȡĤǓ¡ȯ ȪȡȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡèȪ
ȪȡĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ\Ǖȡ@

75
J
]Ǔ[ǙǒƨȡǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡ
ȡ[J
ȪȪȡ
ĤǓȡ

]Ǔ[ǙǒƨȡǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡ ]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨ
ȡȡȱ\¢

İȪȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡDBIIȪØȡǋȡǒƲȯǐfȪ@\ǕȡǓ
ġƴåǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡȡ×èȡ`¢ȯğȪȪȡ ȯ ȯǒfȪ@
ÛǗ [Ǘ
Ǘã
Ǚ¡ǾȪ `×ȡ ȡȪǔ ĤǓ Ǒ͕`Ȣ¡ǾȪ ǒ¡ Ĥƨ[ [ Ǚǒ
å ȡ ĤǓ `×Ĥȯǐ [ ĤǕ ȡȣ¡Ǿ Úȯ ȡ `ǕȪ ÛǗ [ Ǘã
Ȫǒɇ ]fȪȡȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȯǔ¡ǕȱȪÛǗ [Ǘã ȯȪǒfȪ@
ȡǙ¡Ǿȡ_ȢèǕ¡ǾȪȡȣȡǗãȪ ǕǓǔƱ[ Ǚǒ¢ȯğȡ
ǒȫǓȡȪĤȡȡ_ ȯǓǽ× ȡǒ¡[ ¡ȪǕÊȯ\ȯ¢ȡǓ^fȪ@
ȡǓȡJ
ȡǓȡJ

J
ÛǗ [Ǘ
Ǘã
ȪǒfȡèǕ
ȪǒfȡèǕ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
Ǘã
ÛǗ [Ǘ
èǕȪȡ
èǕȪȡ
Ǘã ĤǓ_ȡ^
ĤǓ_ȡ^
DBIEIF DBIFIG DBIGIH DBIHII
`Ǖ ǽȰȡȱĤǓÈȢÛ GEHH GEHH
ȡ
CKGBȯ ǔ
Ȫȡȡ ǽȰȡȱĤǓÈȢÛ DBIBB DEECD DGEDJ
DCBB à
Úȡ ǽȰȡȱĤǓÈȢÛ DDEBB DCGBB DFHBH DHIED
¡Ǖȱ ǽȰȡȱĤǓÈȢÛ EBCGB
İȪ`ƭȪȡǔÏȡ]ǗǓ[Ûğȡ
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡȪȡȡÚȡȪÛǗ [ǗãĤǓÈȢÛĐ
ǾDGEEǾDHIEȪǒfȪ@× Ȱ ȣ¡Ǖȱ`ǕȪÛǗ [Ǘã
ĤǓÈȢÛĐǾECGǾGEIȪǒfȪ@
ȯȡ ȡȯ ȪȯȪ [Ǘãȡǒ ȡ ȱȡǐǐfȪ@]Ǔ[[
DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ǒ ȡ ȱ Ȫȡ Ú ȣ Ǖ CK ¡ȡ I
DFȯȡǐǐfȪ@
76
ǙǒȢȡ
ǒȢȡ
ĤȡǙǓ ȡ \Û ĤȪ¡Ǿȡ ¡Ǖ Èȯ Ǚǒ ȡȣ ȡ ǕÛȤȪ ¢Ǔȡ Ǚǒ
¢ȯğȪȡȢȡ_ Ǖ¢ȡĤȡȣǙǒȯȡĤǓȪ][ȡ`DBHK ȡȯ ǔ
ǒǓǏǙǒȢȡȡ[Đȡȡ[Ûȡãȡ^fȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIBICȯ ǔ
ǙǒȢȡ\Û[ȡȣȡǕÛȤȢȡȡ_Ǔ ȡȯǐfȪ@]Ǔ[[
DBICIDȯ ǔȢȡǕãȡIGĤǓ\ǕȡǑȯåèȡǐfȪ@
DBIHȡǕ ȡÛ àȡǾCJ\[ JDȪIHȡȢȡǋȪǾJFȪ
FFȡCH¡ȡȢȡǕãȡǾHEȪEEȡCD¡ȡȡȪ\Ǖȡ
¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡǾDD\[ KȪȢȡǋȪǾC\[ FF
ȡȢȡǕãȡǾIGȪEGȡ\ǕȡĤȡǐfȪǓȪ@
Ǚ ǒ¢ȯğȡȡ[Đ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
ĤȡÛğȢǙǒ]ǕǓȧǐȪȡ
ȧǐȪȡ
ĤȡÛğȢ Ǚǒ ]ǕǓȧ ǐȪȡ \Û[ ȡȡ å ȡǒ `×ȡ ȯÛġ
;WŽĐŬĞƚƐͿ å ȡǒ `×ȡ ȯÛġ ;ůŽĐŬƐͿ¡ȡ Ĥȯ ȡ ʶȡ ǐfȪ @
å ȡǒ `×ȡ ȡ ĤȪ ȯÛġ ;ŽŶĞͿ Ǚ¡ å ȡǒ Ǚǒ `×ȡ ȡ
kƭȪǓȯÛġ;^ƵƉĞƌŽŶĞͿ Ȳ ȡ ʶȡ_¡ȯ ȡQ@
ĤȡÛğȢǙǒ]ǕǓȧǐȪȡȡ¡ȡ àG JEè¡ȡǐȲ ȯÛ
E HKȪƴ¡ȡȶ ƴ ȯÛD G¡ȡ^ȯ ȯȢ¡ȡ^ȯ [ȣȡĒȢ¡ȡ`
èȡȫǓǗȡ[ȡȪǒȡ ǐfȪ@CJ`ƭȪȢÖȡǙ¡Ǚǒ`
Öȡ Ǚ¡ ȡ ĤȪȡȡ èȡȡ ǐfȪ @ ǐȪȡȡ ¡ȡ à H HF
ȡǙǒèȡÕȰ ȯ ȡ_Û[¡Ǿ ȯǐȡǐfȪ@
`ǏǓ`
`ǏǓ`
Ǔ`ǒȡ[Đ

ȡƭȡǏȡȡȣȡȣȪǓ`ǒȡ ȡ ǕȡǗȪ`×ȡǙǒƨȡȡǓƲ
Ǖȡȶ ǕÉ`Ƨȯæ ȡĤȯ ȲGȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡHǔãȡ¡Ǿȡǒ ȡȡ
ȡǓ `Ǐ Ǔ` ǒ ȡ[Đ ȡǗ fȪ @ \Û[ G ID `
]Ȫȡ¡Ǿȡ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à Ǿ EC Ȫ Ǖ \Ǖȡ `Þ
ȡ^fȪ@]Ȫȡȡǔ¢ǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ àǏ_ȡ¡ǕȱȰȡȣȪ
ȣ Ǖ DD ¡ȡ I FJ ȯǒĚ Ǖ Ǔ` ȡ ȡ[ Ȳ ȯ ğ Ǔ`Ȫ
`×ȡfȪ@
77
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àD ICǓ ȱȡ^Ǘȡ[ȡ¡ǾȡǐC¡ȡE
K ¡ȯÈȡ Ǔ ȱȡ^ Ǖǒȡ ǕȯȪ ȯ DI Ȫȡ ȡ H ȯǒĚ
ȡȪǓ`Ȫ Ǖǔ¢ÖȡfȪ@ ȡ[Đ\Û[èȡǒCIȯȣ
ÈƴȡǕȡ`]Ȫȡ¡ǾȡĤǓǑDJ¡ȡF KEǓǗȪ
`×ȡfȪ@ȡđȡȡ ȱ àǔÛC J`]Ȫȡ¡Ǿȡ\ǕȡĒȡ¡ȣ
ǙȯÖȰ CH¡ȡ ȢȪȡȡȡȡȡȤ¡Ǿ`×ȡȯ ȡQ@
ȡȡȡȫȡǙ]èǙǒƨ]Ȫȡ
ƨ]Ȫȡ
Ĥȯ ȲGȡ[ȣ ǕǗǔƱĤȯ ȡCBǔãȡfǔȡȣǒȡ ɇ Ȫ ¡Ȫȡ
ȡǗ fȪ ȡȡȡȫȡǙ]èǙǒƨ]Ȫȡ\Û[H FG`
]Ȫȡ¡ǾȡǾC\[CFȪGDȡǕ\Ǖȡ`Þȡ^fȪ@
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àCJ¡ȡJ GCȫȣȡǒǐfȪȯ
E KD Ǔ ȱȡ^ Ȫȣ Ǔȡ[ fȡ Q@ × Ȱ ȣ E IG Ǔ ȱȡ^ȡ ȡȡ
Ǘȡ[ȡ¡ǾǓȡ[fȡQ@ ȡE¡ȡI CH¡ȯÈǓȡǓ ȱȡ^Ȫ
Ǖǒȡ ǒèȡ fȪ @ \Ǔȡ G GD ȡ ǒ FF ÜȡÛ DE
¡ȡȶ ƴ EB Ēȯ DJ ¡ȡ I IE Üȡǒƴ Èȡȯ E ¡ȡ G HE èĤȯ
ʫȡǋȢE¡ȡI CJ¡ȡȣǒǐfȪ@
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àG¡ȡE ECÜȡǒƴ¡ȡ`
GEǔèĐ¡ȡ`

F KÍȡ``×ȡȡȡǓ]ǕǓ ããȡHÍȡ`ȪǓ`Ȫ
FǒèǕ

ãȡȪ Ǔȡ[ ȡ[ àǏ fȪ @ × Ȱ ȣ HG ĤȪ
CBC Ì
ȯÛġȡĒȯǓǍ
DD¡ȡK CKȯ
ǒĚÖȡ¢ȡȪȪȡ
CB¡ȡC IGȯǒĚ¢ȡȡCBȢÖȡȪǓȡ[ȡ[ àǏfȪ
@
Ǚǒ¢ȯğȪ`×ȡǔèǓ
Ȫ`×ȡǔèǓ
Ǚǒȡȣ¡ǾȪ`×ȡȡȡƭȡǏȡȣȪǒ¡è ȡ`Í¡ȱȰ]fȪ@ȡǕ]Ǔ[
[Ȫ Ǖ Ǚǒ `×ȡȪ ǐȡȡ ȡƭȡÛȡȣȪ \Ȳ FGD ĤǓ ȡȣ
CHJĤǓkƭȪǓȡȣCFGĤǓȯ ȡȣȪCEEĤǓ\ÛȪ
CBDĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@ \ǓȡȡƭȡǏȡȣȯ ȡȣ¡ȡȣ
Ǘ ȡ ȡȣȪ `×ȡ ȯ Ȫ ȯ ȡȣ kƭȪǓ ȡȣ ȯ¡
78
ȡȣȪ`×ȡȯ Ȫ@Ǚǒȡȣ¡ǾȡkƭȪǓȡȣȪ`×ȡ×`Í¡ȯȪ
ȯȯ¡ȡȣȪ`×ȡ×ÛǗ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡJ
ȡǓȡJ
J
Ǚ ǒ
ǒ
ȡȣ¡Ǿ
ȡȣ¡ǾȪ`×ȡǔèǓ
¡ǾȪ`×ȡǔèǓ
Ȫ`×ȡǔèǓ
`×ȡ×

`×ȡ×
¢ȯğ
`×ȡ
`×ȡ `×ȡǐ[
`×ȡ ǐ[
ǒ
ǒ ȯǒĚĤǓ
;ȯ
¡ȡ¡ȯÈȡ
;¡ȡ¡ȯ ȡ ¡ȡȯǒĚ
;¡ȡȯ Ě
ĤǓȡ

ĤǓȡ
¡ȯÈ

ȡƭȡǏȡȣ
ȯ ȡȣ
kƭȪǓȡȣ
¡ȡȣ
ȯ¡ȡȣ
ȡȡȣ
Ǘ
ȡȣ

İȪǙǒȡǕÛȤǒȡ Ûğȡ@
ġƴå ȡƭȡǏ ȡȣȡ ȡ ¡Ǖȱ Ȱ ȪȪ ȫ ȡ ȡȯ ǐfȪ @ ȯ ȡȣȡ ]Ǖ ¡ȡ_ ȡȯ
ǐfȪ@kƭȪǓȡȣȡ`ǕǕǔȡȧȡȡȡ ȡ_ ȡȯ ǐfȪȯ ¡ȡȣȡ ǕȪ
ȡ\¡ȡ ȡ Ēȡ Ȣ ¡ \Û¡ȡȣ ȡȯ ǐfȪ@ ȡ ȡȣȡ \Ȱ Ȣ\Ǖȡ Ǖ
ȯ ȡǕ ȡ[Ȣ ȡȯ ǐfȪ@
ȡƭȡǏȡȣ`×ȡǔèǓ
ȡƭȡǏȡȣ`×ȡǔèǓ
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȡȡƭȡǏȡȣȡ^fȪ¢ȯğȡ]Ǔ[[DBIGIH
ȪǕȡȡBKĤǓȯ ıȡ ]fȪ@ǗǓȪÖȢ ¡ǕȱȰ ȯȢȪÊ Ǔ
ȯȣȪ ȡǓ jǒǕ Ǖȡ¡Ǿ ǒȯ ȡ _ ĮȪ \ȡȯ ȯȢȪÊ
ǓȪ¢ȯğȯ Ȫ@ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡȡȡȣȪ`×ȡȡıȡ ]fǓ
Ȱ¡ǕȱȫȡȣȪ`×ȡ`×ȡ×ǕȰ`Í¡ȯȪȯ ĒȡƭȡǏȡȣȪ
`×ȡ`×ȡ×ȡȯ ĐDĤǓEJĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ
@

79
ȡ[J
J
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡȡƭȡǏȡȣȪ
ȡȡƭȡǏȡȣȪ`×ȡ×
`×ȡ×
ȯǒĚĤǓ¡ȯÈȡ

ȡ Ȱ ¡Ǖȱ ȪȪ ȡ ȫ

İȪǙǒȡǕÛȤǒȡ Ûğȡ
ĤǕȡƭȡǏȡȣȪǾȡ¡ȯȪȡȡȣȪ¢ȯğ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȪ

Ǖȡȡ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȡDDĤǓȯıȡ fȪ@ȫ ĤǓǗȡȯ
ȡ[ ȡȪȡ_¡Ǖ ǒȯ¡ȣǓȡȱȪ¡ȯȪȯ ȡȡȣȪ¢ȯğȡıȡ
]fȪ@ȡȡȣȪ`×ȡ\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[ȡJKĤǓȯȯ ȪȡȡǕ
]Ǔ[[ȡCCĤǓȯȯ Ȫ@
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡȡȡȣȪ`×ȡ×ȯCCĤǓȯȯ Ȫ@`Ǐȡ
¡ȡ^ǓĦȡȡǓ`Ȫ`ÞȡȡĤȪȡ]fȪǙǒƨk ȪǕȡȡȡȪ
Ǖ \Ǔ ȡ ȡȡǓ Ȫ ¡ `Þȡ ȡ Ǔ ȱȡ^ ĤǒǓȡ ]fȪ Ǖȡ
èȡ ȡȯ ȡȡȣȪ `×ȡ× ¡ȡ àȰ `Í ¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIEIFȡǓ`ĤǓèȡCFG¡ȯ ȪȡȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȡ
DBGǕÊǕȯǓȡȡȣȪ`×ȡ×`Í¡ȯȪ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȪǕȡȡȰȡȣȪ¢ȯğBDĤǓȯ ȯ ȡǕ
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȡȡGJ¡ȡC GB¡ȯÈȡfȪ@
\ǓȡȰȡȣȪ`×ȡ`×ȡ×ĐHIĤǓHGĤǓȯ
Õȯ\Ǖȡ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȡ¡Ǖȱ ȡȣȡ^fȪ¢ȯğ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡ
BEĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ_ I ȡG ¡ȡ J JI ¡ȯ ÈȡfȪ@
\Ǔȡ¡ǕȱȪ`×ȡȡ`×ȡ×ȡĐJK ĤǓJĤǓǙǒƨ
_DCȡJG¡ȡD JKȯǒĚ`×ȡ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@

80
`×ȡǔèǓ
ȡƭȡǏȡȣȪĤȯ `×ȡǔèǓ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡ ȡ ȡȣȪ Ǖ `×ȡ GG ȡ GB ¡ȡ J
IJȯǒĚÚȯ Ȱ ÛȡȣDGHĤǓĤȯ ȲDȡ`×ȡ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ
@Ĥȯ ȲCĤȯ ȲGȡǕ`×ȡȪĐDDFĤǓDC
ĤǓ`×ȡ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@ȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡ ȰÛȡ
Ǖ`×ȡȪ
DFĤǓ`×ȡ¡Ǖȯ ȯ ǔÛ@
Ĥȯ Ǿȡ¡ȯȡ[ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡȡȪ`×ȡĤȯ ȲCȡ[ȣ ǕǗǔƱ
Ĥȯ ȡ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡȯ Ȫȯ \ÛĤȯ ȡ Ȫ`×ȡȯ Ȫ
@
ȡǓȡJ
ȡǓȡJ
J
ȡǕ
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡĤǕȡƭȡǏȡȣȪĤȯ `×ȡȪ\Ǖȡ
ȡ

Ǖ`×ȡȪĤǓȡ
Ĥȯ ȡ
ȡ Ȱ ¡Ǖȱ ȪȪ
ȪȪ ȫ
ȫ ȡ
ȡ
Ĥȯ Ȳ C
Ĥȯ Ȳ D
ȡȢ
Öȧ
Ĥȯ Ȳ G
ȡ[ȣ
ǕǗǔƱ
Ǖ`×ȡΛ
`×ȡ

`×ȡ×η
`×ȡ× EJ
EJ

İȪǙǒȡǕÛȤǒȡ Ûğȡη
ȯǒĚĤǓ¡ȯ ÈΛ
ȯ ǒĚ \ǕȡǓ

]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȡ ¡Ǖȱ ȡȣȪ ȰÛȡȣ`×ȡĤȯ Ȳ Dȡ Ǖ

`×ȡȪDKBĤǓȰȡȡȡȣȪ`×ȡĤȯ ȲCȡĐ
DKCĤǓDFEĤǓ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@
¡ȡȣ
¡ȡȣ
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȡ ǕȪȡ\¡¡ȡ ȡ ȡȡ¡

ȡȣȡ^fȪ¢ȯğ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡDIĤǓȯÕȯ\Ǖȡ@
\Ǔȡ¡ȡȣȪ`×ȡGJĤǓȯȯ FȡF¡ȡD CB
ȯǒĚ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@

81
ȡǓȡJ
ȡǓȡJ

J
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡ¡ȡȣȪ`×ȡ Ȳ ȡ
ȡ
\Û
CF
ȡ
K
ȡ
G
\¡
F ȪǕ
ȡ HG
E

İȪǙǒȡǕÛȤǒȡ Ûğȡ͕DBI
ġƴå\Û\Û[Ēȡ Ȣ͕¡ȡȡ¡ȡȣ¡Ǿ ȡȯ ǐfȪ@
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [ȡ ¡ ȡȣȪ `×ȡ× EB ĤǓȯ Õȯ \Ǖȡ @
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIHȡ ¡ȡȣȪ`×ȡEHĤǓȯ ȯ ȪǓȪ ȯ
`×ȡ×FBĤǓȯȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡ¡ȡȣȪǕ`×ȡȡHGBĤǓǒ¡è ȡ ǕȪȡȣȪ
¡ȯȪ \Ǖȡ @ \Ǔȡ ǕȪ ȡȣȪ `×ȡ `×ȡ× Đ FH
ĤǓDHĤǓȯ ȯ Ȫ\Ǖȡ@ \Ǔȡȡȡ Ȫ`×ȡ
ĐGIĤǓKFĤǓȯ ȯ Ȫ\Ǖȡ@ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȡ¡
ȡȣÚȯ ȰÛȡȣ`×ȡ×ȡ ȪCȯǒĚĤǓ¡ȯÈ¡ȯȪ@
ȯ¡ȡȣ
¡ȡȣ
]Ǔ[[HIȡȯ¡ȡȣȡ^fȪ¢ȯğCGĤǓȯȯ Ȫ@

× Ȱ ȣȯ¡ȡȣȪ`×ȡ\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡCFĤǓȯ ıȡ
_ȡIJ¡ȡE DGȯǒĚǕÊȯ\Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIH
ȡȯ¡ȡȣȪ`×ȡCFJĤǓȯ ȯ ȪǓȪ@ƭǒȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȡ
ȯ¡ȡȣȪ`×ȡ×ȯ HJĤǓȯ ȯ CȯǒĚĤǓ¡ȯÈ¡ȯ
\Ǖȡ@
ȡȣ
ȯ ȡȣ
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡȯ ȡȣ

]Ǖ¡Ȫ`×ȡEHĤǓȯȯ EDȡ
EB¡ȡȯǒĚȡ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@ \Ǔȡ]Ǖ¡Ȫ`×ȡ×
ĤǓ¡ȯÈĐCIDȯǒĚBBDȯǒĚ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@

82
ȡȣȡȣ
ȡȣȡȣ
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȡȡȣȪ`×ȡ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȪǕȡȡ

FEĤǓȯıȡ ]_FBȡJK¡ȡȯǒĚ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[
DBIGIHȡèȪ`×ȡFĤǓȯȯ ȪǓȪ@

Ǘ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ǗȪ `×ȡ \ǔãȪ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ Ǖȡȡ HC
ĤǓȯȯ CDȡGB¡ȡȯǒĚǕÊȯ\Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIH
ȡèȪ`×ȡCHHĤǓȯȯ ȪǓȪ@
kƭȪǓȡȣ
kƭȪǓȡȣ
kƭȪǓ ȡȣ[ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡ ȡ¡ȯȡ Ȱ kƭȪǓ ȡȣȪ
`×ȡÒȯ\Ǖȡ@ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡ`ǕȪ`×ȡFFĤǓǕFB
ĤǓǔȡEIĤǓȧFIĤǓȡȡJJĤǓȯ Òȯ \Ǖȡ
@ \Ǔȡȡ Ȫ`×ȡȯFCFĤǓȯÕȯ\Ǖȡ@
ȡ[J

J
`ǕȪ`×ȡǙǒƨ
`×ȡȡȯǒĚȡ

DBIDIE DBIEIF DBIFIG DBIGIH DBIHII

`×ȡ ǒǙ ƨ


ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȡ`ǕǕǔȡȪ`×ȡ×ĤǓ¡ȯÈĐFKHȯǒĚ

CEȯǒĚBKȯǒĚ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡ
èȪ`×ȡ×ĐFKIȯǒĚCGȯǒĚCCȯǒĚ¡ȯȪ
ǓȪ

83
J
ǔȡȪ`×ȡǙ
ȡ[J ǒƨ
`×ȡ¡ȡȯǒĚȡ

ǔȡȪ`×ȡǙǒƨ


`×ȡ ǒǙ ƨ

ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [ȡ Ȫȣȡ `×ȡ ¡Ǖȯ ȡȡȪ `×ȡ× F ȯǒĚ ĤǓ
¡ȯÈ ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ @ ]Ǔ[ [ȡ èȪ `×ȡ× F ȯǒĚ ¡ȯ Ȫ
ǓȪ@ƭǒȡȡȪ`×ȡȡȯȪȣȡĤȡǙǓȡåèȡȡ¡Ǖȯ
`×ȡȡ_ ȯ ȡȯǐfȪ@
ȡ[J

J
ȡȡȪ`×ȡǙǒƨ
`×ȡ¡ȡȯǒĚȡ


`×ȡ ǒǙ ƨ

ȡȡȣ`×ȡǔèǓ
ȡȡȣ`×ȡǔèǓ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡ \ɇ Ȣ \Ǘȡ Ǖ ȯ ȡ Ǖ ȡ[Ȣȡȡ ȡ
ȡȣ¡ǾȪ`×ȡ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȪǕȡȡĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ_G
ȡ GB ¡ȡ D JC ȯǒĚ ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ @ \Ǔȡ ȡ ȡȣ
ȡ^fȪ¢ȯğDKĤǓȯ ȯ IB¡ȡE DC¡ȯÈǕÊȯ \Ǖȡ
ȯ `×ȡ×CDJĤǓȯ ȯ ĤǓ¡ȯÈIJȯǒĚȡ¡Ǖȯ ȯ ǔfȪ
@
84
ǕÛȤ
ÛȤÛ`×ȡǔèǓ
Û`×ȡǔèǓ
Û`×ȡǔèǓ
DBIGȡǕ àȪǕȡȡDBIHȡǕ àȡǕÛȤȪ ÌÉȡÚȯȡ_Ȫǽ͕
Ȱ ȢȡȱȪ͕ ȡđȡȪȡ Ȣ͕ ȯȡȯȢ͕ ǕȱǕ ǍǕ͕ ǕǕȡ¡ȡȱ ͕ ǕȡǕ ȡ_͕ Ǖ Ǒȯ
ǕǕȡ¡ȡȱ Ȫ ÌÉȡȡ Ǚǒƨ fȪ ȯ ǕȡǕ ɇ Ȣ͕ ȡȪ͕ ȡȡɋȣ
ȪȡÍȡȪ ÌÉȡȡȯıȡ ]fȪ@
ȡǓȡJ
ȡǓȡJ
ĤǓåǔƠǗ\Öȡ
J
ĤǓåǔƠǗ \Öȡ
\Öȡ`Þȡ
`Þȡ
Ǘ ĤǓåǔƠ
ĤǓ åǔƠǗ
åǔƠǗȪ`Þȡ
Ȫ`Þȡ Ǖ
\Öȡ

\Öȡ ĤǓåǔƠ
]Ǔ[[ \ÖȡȪ
;¡ȡȯǒĚ ǒȪĒȡȡ ȡȡ
`Þȡ
`Þȡ
DBICID
DBIDIE
DBIEͬIF
DBIFIG
DBIGIH
İȪǙǒȡǕÛȤǒȡ ÛğȡȪØȡǋȡȡǐfȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àǗȪ`×ȡ\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡ
DCĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ_CGȡH¡ȡK EFȯǒĚǕȯȪ@ ȡȰ
\Ǔȡȡ ǕȪ`×ȡCJHĤǓȯǙǒƨ_DȡGD¡ȡH DD
ȯǒĚǕȯȪ@
J

ȡ[J
ǓãȪG
ǓãȪG[
G[Ȫȡ ǕȪ`×ȡ
Ȫ`×ȡ

¡ȡȯǒĚȡ

ĤǓȡ

ȡ
Ǖ `×ȡ
Ǖ Ǚǒƨ
ȡȡȱ\¢

ġƴåǕȡ Ǖ`×ȡȡȡȱȪɄȡǓ Ȫȡ ǕȲ ǕǍǕǕǕȡ¡ȡȱ Ȫȡ ǕȪ`×ȡȡ_
ȡȯǐfȪ@
85
]Ǔ[[DBIFIGȡȡǒ[ĤǓåǔƠ\ÖȡȪ`ÞȡGD¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[
[DBIGIHȡȯ GEǕȯȪ@× Ȱ ȣ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡȡǒ[
ĤǓåǔƠǗȪ`ÞȡIFǒȪĒȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@
Ǚǒ`×ȡȡ
ǒ`×ȡȡ
ȡȡ
ȡ
ȱ ȡ^
Ǔ ȡ^DBIHȡǕ àǕDHȡFC¡ȡ¡ȯÈǙǒȪÊǓÚȯGHB
ĤǓ\ȡ[CFȡIK¡ȡ¡ȯÈ¢ȯğȡǓ ȱȡ^ ǕǒȡǕȯȪ@]Ǔ[
[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àD¡ȡD FE¡ȯÈ
Ȳ ȡfȪ
Ǔ ȱȡ^ǒèȡȡğ¢ȯğȡ ¡Ǔ ȱȡ^ ǕǒȡǒèȡfȪ@Ǔ ȱǔʶ¢ȯğȪ
ǐEEBĤǓȢȡȡğȡıȰ ǒ¡ȡǓ ȱȡ^ ǕǒȡǕȯȪ\Ǖȡ@
ȡÈ J
ÛǕȡÈ J
ȡǒƶȫȡ
J
ȡǒƶȫȡǓ ȱ

ȡǒƶȫȡ Ǔ ȱȡ^ ]ȪȡȪ`ÞȢ
ȡ^ ]ȪȡȪ`ÞȢ
ȡȢȡǕ ǐȡǓ ȱ
ǐȡǓ ȱȡ^
ȡ^]Ȫȡ
]Ȫȡ
]Ǔ[ [ DBHJHKȯ ǔ ǕǾ_ ]Ǔ[ [ DBJBJC ȡ àǏ ȶ ê ȡǔfȪ
]ȪȡȰȡȣǔãȡȡ ʶȡȡ¡ȯȪ@ ]ȪȡȡȰȡȣǔãȡȪǐDB¡ȡ
E ¡ȯÈ¢ȯğȡåǔèǓ ȱȡ^ ǕǒȡȪ¡ǕȱǕâȡ`ȯ ê¡ȯȪ@¡ȡ àǾCC
\[ GFȪ[ ^ ȯȪ ]ȪȡȡǓ ȱȡ^ȪȡǓ/Ed<ȪǓȡ[ àǏ^ ȯȪ
@ ȡȰ KGB ĤǓ Ǖ ¡Ȫ Ǔȡ[ ȡ[ àǏ fȪ ȯ KBB ĤǓ Ǔ ȱȡ^ȡ
Ȳ ȡ¡ǽǓȡ[fȡQ@× ȰȣFGBĤǓǒƭǕȪȡ[Ǔ àǏfȪ@ǒ

¡]ǕǓȧȪ Ȱȡ[ àǏfȪ@
_Ǔ ȱ ȡ^
_Ǔ ȱȡ^]Ȫȡ
]Ȫȡ
]Ǔ[[DBFGFHȯ ǔǕǾ_]Ǔ[[DBIJIK
ȡȱ Ȳ ȪǓȡ[ȡǓȡȪǔȡ
àǏ [ ê ȡǔfȪ ]Ȫȡ Ǒ[ȡ ǔãȡȡ ʶȡȡ ¡ȯȪ @ ]Ȫȡȡ Ǒ[ȡ
ǔãȡȪEH¡ȡ¡ȯÈ¢ȯğȡǓ ȱȡ^ ǕǒȡǕâȡ`ȯê¡ȯȪ@¡ȡ àǾI\[HG
Ȫ[ ^ ȯȪ ]Ȫȡȡ¡ȯÈ [ǗȡȡȡǓȡ[_DK¡ȡG ¡ȯÈ
ǓȡǓ ȱȡ^ ǕǒȡǕȯȪ@

ȯȣ_ȡ^ [¡Ǖ`Ƨȯæ]Ȫȡ
]Ȫȡ
]Ǔ[[DBHJHKȯ ǔǕǾ_]Ǔ[[DBIKJB
ȡȱ Ȳ ȪǓȡ[ȡǓȡȪǔȡ
àǏ ǐȯ ]Ȫȡȡ ȡȱȯ Ǒ[ȡ ǔãȡȪ GC ¡ȡ ¡ȯÈ ¢ȯğȡ Ǔ ȱȡ^ Ǖǒȡ
Ǖâȡ`ȯ ȡFJȯȡȡǒƭǕ`×ȡȶ ê¡ȯȪ@¡ȡ àǾCB\[ EFȪ
[^ ȯȪ ]ȪȡȡCDDǒȢǕǾǍǓȡ[ȡ[ȪĦȯǕ àǏfȪ@
Ǔ ÈȡǓ ȱ
Ǔ ÈȡǓ ȱȡ^
ȡ^]Ȫȡ
]Ȫȡ
]Ǔ[[DBHDHEȯ ǔǕǾ_ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡ àǏǐȯ ]ȪȡȡȡȱȯǔãȡȪ
FD¡ȡI HH¡ȯÈ¢ȯğȡǓ ȱȡ^ ǕǒȡǕâȡ`ȯê¡ȯȪ@¡ȡ àǾCG\[
GCȪ [ ^ ȯȪ ]Ȫȡȡ ¡ȯÈ [ Ǖ ¡Ȫ Ǔȡ[ȡ[ àǏ fȪ @

× ȰȣǓ ǓȡȡȡȪJBBĤǓǓȡ[ȡ[ àǏfȪȯ ǗȸǗ¡ȪǓȡ[
ȡ[CHǒȢÖȡ àǏ¡Ǖȯ Đȡ¡ȯȪ@
İȪaȡ[İȪȡǓ ȱȡ^Ûğȡ@
86
Ǚǒȡ[DBIGȡǕ àǕǙǒȡ[ǽC[J\[Ȫǐȡ
fȪȡDBIHȡǕ àèȪȡ[ DDDĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ_ǽD[ DB\[
FEȪǕȯȪ@Ǚǒȡ[ÚȯǕȡ àÛȢȡ[Ȫ\ǕȡEIHĤǓ
ȯȢȡȢ àÛȢȡ[Ȫ\ǕȡCGKĤǓ\ÛǙǒÛ ȯȡȪ\ǕȡFHG
ĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȡɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȡǾ
DH\[KIȪȡȪǙǒȡ[Ĥȡ¡fȪȡǕȡ\Û[ǾCH\[
DDȪȯȢȡȢ àÛȢ ȯȡȪȡǓǾG\[DFȪ\ÛǙǒÛ ȯȡȪ
ȡǓǾG\[GCȪ¡ȯȪ@

ȡ ȡǓǓãȡ[
ȡ ȡǓ ¡Ǿȡȡ ȡǓȪ`Þȡ ¡ÛȰ fȪ
ȡ ȪȪ Ĥ×¢ Ĥȡ Ǚǒ `¡ǾȪ `×ȡ `×ȡ×ȡ ȯ ȷ fȪ
@DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡDȡGB¡ȡG EGȯǒĚȡ ȡǓ
ǒǐfȪ@\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡCȡKC¡ȡG
EHȯǒĚȡ ȡȡǓǒǐfȪǓȪ@DBII\ ȡǒ¡ȡ àȪ
ȡǓȡ[Ưȡ ȡȡǓȪÖȡ¡ȯ ȪǔèǓ@
ȡ[J

J
ǓãȪG
ǓãȪG[
G[Ȫȡ ȡǓȪ]ȡ
Ȫȡ ȡǓȪ]ȡ
¡ȡȯǒĚȡ
FBBB
EGBB
EBBB
DGBB
DBBB
CGBB
CBBB
GBB
BB

ǐȡ
Ǖ ǓfȢ Ȫȡ

ȡǕ àȪ
Ǚǒ\Ǖ Ûȡ
Ûȡ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHͬII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ȡȡ G ȡ ȡ¡Ǿ `ÛȪȪ ȡǓ
Ǔ ȡǐ ǐfȪ@\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\Ǔȡ¡ǕȱȡĐȪ]Ǖȡȡ
IȡȡȪ`ÛȪǐfȪǓȪ@ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȡJJȡȣȡ
H HJèȡȢȡ¡Ǿ ÌǐfȪ@ Ȱ ȣ \ǓȡEIȡȣȡ
E IB èȡȢ ȡȡ Ǔ`ȡ_ Ǖǔ¢ Ǿȡ ÚȡǓ ȣ[ȡȣ Ȳ ¢
¢ȡȡǔfȪ@

87
ȡǓȡJ
ȡǓȡJ

J
ȡȣȡȡȢȡȱ Ȫȡ`ÛȪ
]Ǔ[[ İȪȢ``×ȡ
İȪȢ``×ȡ
ȯ

ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
DBHHHI ICGB
DBHIHJ JBHB CE
DBHJHK KCCJ I
DBHKIB CBBKF F
DBIBIC CBBDJ CB
DBICID KIGF CF
DBIDIE KIBI
DBII K
DBII E
DBII KGBH CK
DBIHII EBCG G
İȪȬȯȡǙǒ\Ǖ Ûȡǐɮ
ȡǕ àȪ
]Ǔ[[DBIHͬIIȪȡǕ àȡ¡ǕȱȰȫȪȪȡ]Ǖ¡
`Ǖ\Ǖȡȯ ȡȡȣȣE DȯǒĚĮȪǓ``×ȡǐfȪ@
\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡèȪ`×ȡC KEȯǒĚ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡȡǒ ȡȡȡǓȡȢ
ȡȡǒ ȡȡȡǓȡȢ
DBIHȡǕ à ȡȡǒ ȡǒȡ ȡ[ĐȡJ DK ¡ȡȣ Ȳ èȡ¡Ǿ]ƨ
fȡQ@Ȣ ¡ȡȣ¡Ǿȡ ȯȡĤȡƯȯ ȡǐȡȪ ÌÉȡ[ȪǕȡȡ
DBIHȡǕ àȡCIDĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ_JȡCF¡ȡF ICǕȯȪ
@ ȡFCȡ ÌÉȡȡȡǔÛfȪ\Ǖȡ@
ȡȡǒ ȡǒȡ ȡ[Đ\Û[]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȪȡǕȪǕȡȡ
ȡ[ȡȢȡǕ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȡCHĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ_ǽCD\[DF
ȪFHȡǕȯȪ@ \Ǔȡb\ Ǖȣ[CKBĤǓȯǙǒƨfȪ
ȯ ȡȢȡ ¡ȯȪ b [ [Ȫ Ǖȡȡ CKB ĤǓȯ Ǖ Ǚǒƨ
_ǽDC\[KBȪKKȡǕȯȪ@
ȡȡ ǒ ȡ è¡ǾȪ ȯ͕ ȯȡ Ȫ¡Ǿ DBIH ȡǕ à [Ȫ
ǕȡȡCJBĤǓȯǙǒƨ_ǕǽEI\[FȪFȡǕȯȪ@
ȡ[Đȡ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȪȡǕ àǽFG\[ KBȪGI
ȡȡ[ Ĥȡ¡fȪȡȡǕ ]Ǔ[[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȡDCBĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ_
ǽGG\[IHȪJHȡǕȯȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIFIGȪȡǕ à ȡȡǒ ȡǒȡ ȡ[Đ\Û[ǽK\[
FKȪICȡbȡȢfȪȡ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȪȡǕ à Ȫ
ȡȢ ǽCB \[ GJ Ȫ C ȡ ǕȯȪ @ Ȫ \Ǔȡ b \ Ǖȣ DDB
88
ĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ fȪ ȯ ȡȢȡ ¡ȯȪ b [Ȫ Ǖȡȡ CGB
ĤǓ\ȡ[ǽD\[ EGȪGGȡȯ ǕǙǒƨ_ǽCJ\[ FBȪ
KFȡǕȯȪ@
ȡȡ ǒ ȡ ǒȡ ȡ[Đ \Û[ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à GK
ǔãȡȡCȡEI¡ȡK IBǕȡ ȡȡǔ ȡȡ_ǕCG\[ JJ
ȪDKȡȡ[Ĥȡ¡fȪ@ \ǓȡĤȡ¡fȪȡ[ȡǒ ȡ¡Ǿȯ
IȡGK¡ȡJKȡ ǕÛǗÛǕÛȤȪȡȯ ȡQ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡJ

J
ǕȡȡȣȯȢȢ
ȡ[Ȫ
ȪǔèǓ
ǔèǓ
]Ǔ[[
[ à
ȡǕ à
ǒ
ǒ
ǒ
DBICID
DBICID DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBIHII
DBIHII
ȡ[ȡȪȡȶ
ECE EGG FBG FFH FIH FIH FJI
Ȳ èȡ ÌÉȡ
ȡ[Ǔȯǒ ȡȪ
GEHJB HJJCH JEDFD CBDIFH CDGBJI CCGKJE CEIKIB
ÌÉȡ
bèȢǙ
ǽ
HCFC JJED CDDEE CHDKE DCIFK DBHBC DGGKH
Ȫȡ
bȡȢ
FDEI GJJD IIDG CBEGC CEIDH CDEFH CGJJE

ǽȪȡ
Ǖ ÌÉȡ DKGIKH EIJBKJ FFKKEK GGBJEE HIICEJ HDIEEC IGKBJK
ȡđȡ DBHFCH DGIIBG EBFCKE EHIFBB FFHBEF FCKIBE FKHKKE
Ȳ Ǖ EKEGK FKJFI GHHHK HIDHE JBFJJ IDKCD JKHCB
ȡȡȡȢ CHIHE DBFGF DDHBK DGKIK EBCCH DJDFD EDFHI
Ȱ Ȣ ECIEE FFIBD GHEFH IDCEK KDEJF JEHIK CBGHHI
ȡ_ CGDG GEKB CBCDD CJBGD DJCCH DDIKG EFEGD
ȡȣȯ Ȣȡ[
GG
ȡȢ
ǽȪȡ
¢ȯğ;¡ȯ È CIC

İȪ͗ ȡȡǒ ȡǒȡ ǕǒƣǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡǓǓȯ ȡǕ àȪ
ȡ ǕȡǗÛǕȡȡ[ȡ[Đȡ¡ȡ àǽDC\[ÛȡȣȪȡ Ǖ
ȡǕÊÛȡ[`×ȡfȪ\ǕȡǐfȪ@ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȯȢȡȣ
ȯȢȡ ȡǓ ȯ Ȫ ¡ǕǓ ȡ[ `Þ ȡ`ȯ åèȡ fȪȡ DBIH
ȡǕ àȡCIC¡ȯÈȡȡȣȯǓ[ ǽGȪFKȡȡȪȡ[
ȡȢfȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡ¢ȡ\ǓǙǒƨ ȡȡǔ ȡǕȡǒǒȡ
ȡȡǒ ȡ ¡ȡȣ\Ǖ ǙǒȡǕȡåȡ ȡĤƨ[ Ȳ èȡ ǕǺȣ
Ǖ Ǖ¢ȡ[ĐȡȣCȡJ¡ȡK KIǐȡȡȡǔÛfȡ
Q@
DBID ȰȡȪ ǒȡ ȡȣ Ǘàȡ \Ǔ Ĥȡǒ ǔãȡ¡Ǿȡ ǒ Ȫǔ
ÛǗȢȡǕèȡ[ȡȡ[Đ\Û[DB¡ȡÛȡȣǐȡȡ_ǽC\[
89
ȡȪ ¡ǕǓ ȢǒȪȡ[ Ǖèȡ[ȡ ȡ[ ȡȢ fȪ @ ȡ[Đ
Ǖ àĤǓȪȢǓȡ[fȪ@
\Û[HF
`ǏǓ`ǒȡ[Đ\Û[ǔƱȡÚǔƱȡʶȡǽǕǗ[ ǔƱ
Ȫãȡ͕

ãȡ͕ÜǕȡ͕ǕãȢ \ȡ[ȡȱȢ ǔãȡȡ IG ȡȡ ǒ ȡ ¡ȡȣȪ ȯȡ ǒèȡ
fȪ@ ȡ[ĐȡHB¡ȡÛȡȣǐȡȡȡǔÛfȡQ@
ȡȡǒ ȡǒȡ ǕǒƣǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȡDB̽EB[`ȯ Ǘ¡ȡǔàȡCD
¢ȡ ȡ ȯ ȡ ȡȡ ǒ ȡ èȡ E ¡ȡ C HD ȡ ȪȡȪȣ¡Ǿȯ
^ȡȡǙǒ àÛȢ Ȱ ƨȡǔÛå¡ȡǐȡǓȪ\ ĤȡƯȯ ȡQ@Ȱ ɋ
à fȡ D ¡ȡ H II ȡ ȯȡ ǒ[ ȯȡ Q ȯ ȡɋ ȡ
fȡF JGȡ Ȱ [Ǔğȯȡ[ȯȡ[Đ¡ȯȪ@
Ǚǒ`×ȡȪ
ǒ`×ȡȪåȡȡ
`×ȡȪåȡȡ
åȡȡ
ȯȡȡǓȡ Ȣ¡Ǖȯ ĤǕǙǒÛèǕ¡Ǿȡȡȣ͕ǔȡ͕ ȡ͕Ȫ Ȫȡȯ͕Ǖ

]¡ȡȡǕȡ\ÛèǓȯ ȡ¡ȯȡQ@× Ȱ ȣȯȡ[Ȱȡȣ¡Ǖȯ ĤǕ
ǙǒÛèǕ¡ǾȡȡȡȰȡȣǗǕÛȤȪ]¡ȡȡȪ Ȫȡ
ȯȡ ȡȡèǕ¡ȯ ȡQ@
]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡǾGC\[JBȪȡȪȡƭȡǏ]ȡfȪȡ
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȡèȪ]ȡǾFB\[JDȪ¡ȯȪ@Ǖ
ȡƭȡǏ]ȡȡȡȡȪǒ¡è ȡHBBĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@ \ǓȡǾC
ȪIBȡȡȪȡƭȡǏǓȡ[fȪ@\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[ȡèȪǓȡ[
ǾDȪGBȡ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àǾC\[IJȪȡȪȡ Ǖȡȡ
ȡȣȡȡȡ Ǖ]ȡfȪ@\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[ȡèȪ]ȡǾD\[CH
Ȫ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à \Ȱ Ȣ \Ǖȡ ȯ ȡ Ǖ ȡ[Ȣȡȡ ȡ¡ǾȪ
]ȡ Ǿ I \[ HK Ȫ Ǔȡ[ Ǿ E \[ JB Ȫ ȡȪ ¡ȯ Ȫ @
]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡèȪ]ȡǾCC\[FDȪǓȡ[ǾG\[
FȪ¡ȯȪ@
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àǔȡȪǓȡ[ǾC\[JIȪȧȪǓȡ[
ǾGȪDBȡ¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡèȪǓȡ[ĐǾ
E\[DBȪǾCBȪ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@

90
ȡǗ Ȳ¢
ȯȡȪǕǗȡȪFBĤǓFĤǓȡȢȡǕʫȡ¢ȯğȣ
Ǖ¢ȯğȪFFIĤǓ¢ȯğȯjȯ Ȫ@ȯȡȪǗȡȣ]ȡȡ
¡ȯȡ[ ȰÛȡȣ¢ȯğÚͲ¡ȡȡȯ ȰÛȡ¢ȯğȡ_ȡ¡ȯ Ȫ
@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡJ
J

J

¢ȯğȪ
ȪĤȯ ǔèǓ
ǔèǓ
ǔèǓ
Ĥȯ Ȫ Ĥȯ ȪǕǗȡȪ
ȯȡȪǕ¢ȯğȪ
Ĥȯ ¢ȯğ ¢ȯğ
¡ȯ È ǕȡȡȪ¢ȯğ
ǒ¡è ȡ
ĤǓ

¡ȯ È
ĤǓ
Ĥȯ Ȳ C DGKBGBB CCEFDGB CI͘CH FE͘IJ

Ĥȯ Ȳ D KHHCBB DHEHEB E͘KK DI͘DK
ȡȢĤȯ DBEBBBB CBKBJJB CH͘GB GE͘IF
ÖȧĤȯ DCGBFBB JCIDKB CD͘EH EJ͘BC
Ĥȯ Ȳ G DDDJJBB KIFEJB CF͘IF FE͘ID
ȡ[ȣĤȯ DIKJFBB CCJEFBB CI͘KB FD͘DK
ǕǗǔƱĤȯ CKGEKBB CCFHCCB CI͘EF GJ͘HH
àȡ
àȡ CFICJCBB
CFICJCBB HHBKKFB
HHBKKFB CBB
CBB FF͘IF
FF IF
IF
İȪȡȡȡÛğȡ
Ǖ¢ȯğȪ ȰÛȡȣ¢ȯğȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡ ȰÛȡĤȯ ȲDȡ

¡ȯȪ@Ĥȯ ȪǕǗͲȡȪǕȡȡ Ȱ Ûȡȣ¢ȯğ ǕǗǔƱĤȯ ȡ
ȯ ȰÛȡĤȯ ȲDȡ¡ȯȪ@
Ĥȯ Ȳ͘DȡJF͕Ĥȯ Ȳ͘CȡCEĤȯ Ȳ͘GȡKȣC HèȡȢ
¡ȡ¢ȯğ¡ȯȪǔèǓ@ȡ`ȱȡǓȡȪǕȡȡ ĒȡȡǓȡȡ
¢ȯğȣ¡ȯȪǔèǓ@ ȰÛȡȣ¢ȯğȡ[ȣĤȯ Ȫȡ`ȱȡǓȡȡ¡Ȫ
ȯ ȰÛȡĤȯ Ȳ͘Dȡȡ`ȱȡǓȡȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡÚȯ ȰÛȡȣ¢ȯğ ǕǗǔƱĤȯ ȪȡǓȡȡ¡ȯȪȯ
ȰÛȡÖȧĤȯ ȪȡǓȡȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@`¡ȡȡǓȡÚȯȣ
¢ȯğ Ĥȯ Ȳ G ȡ `¡ȡȡǓȡȡ ¡Ȫ @¡ȡȡǓȡȪ ¡ȡ Ȫȡ
¡ȡȡǓȡȡ ȰÛȡȣ¢ȯğ¡ȯȪ@
ȡǓȡJ
ȡǓȡJ

J
¢ȯ ȪèȡȢ¡ǔèǓ
¢ȯğȪèȡȢ¡ǔèǓ
èȡȢ¡ǔèǓ
èȡȢ¡ Ĥȯ Ȳ Ĥȯ Ȳ ȡȢ Öȧ Ĥȯ Ȳ ȡ[ȣ ǕǗǔæ
àȡ
ȡ`ȱ ȡǓȡ CBB
ȡǓȡ F CBB
`¡ȡȡǓȡ CBB
¡ȡȡǓȡ CBB
Ǖàȡ CBB
İȪȡȡȡÛğȡ
91
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡDD¡ȡF CG ȡǕȡǒ`ȪƠȡ
Ǘ¡ȡ[ DD ȡ ID ¡ȡ E GH ¡ȯÈ ¢ȯğȪ åèȡ _ DK
ȡDI¡ȡE DKǕȣ¡ǾĤ×¢ǾȡȡȡǔÛfȡQ@ǐȢȪ
ȯ ȡǕǓ¡ȯ ȡ ǕȡȪȢǒȪȡ[ȡ Ǖȡ Ȳ ¢ȡ ȯȯ ȡǕâȡ`ȯ I
¡ȡJ FH Ǘ¡ȡ_FG¡ȡD JD¡ȯÈǕǓȢȪǾȡ
¡èȡÛ^ ȯȪ@ȡ_ȡǒǓǏCDǔãȡ¡ǾȡEC ȡȯȡȣȪIE
¡ȡ CD ¡ȯÈ ¢ȯğȡ Ȱ£ȡǓ åèȡȪ ǕǾ ǐfȪ @ ȡ J
ȡHF¡ȡCGǕȣȡȡǔÛfȡQ@
ȰǒǒǒȡfQȡǐǔèǓȧĤȡȣȪ Ȳ ¢ĤǙǓȡ]ȡǐ[Ĥƨ[
ȶ `Ƨȯæȯ CDȡǒƶǓǕʷ͕CÛÛǕ ]¢͕Cǔȡ]¢H Ȳ ¢¢ȯğ
ȯDB Ȳ ǔ¢¢ȯğ¡Ǿèȡȡȣȯ ȪEF¡ȡF DB[ǒǓ\ȡ[Q
DEF ĤǓ Ǘ̽ȡ Ȳ ǔ¢¢ȯğĤȡȣ\Û[ åèȡǐfȪ@× Ȱ ȣ
CB Ȳ ¢ ¢ȯğȡ[ C ȡ KB ¡ȡ J K ¡ȯÈ ¢ȯğ åèȡ
ǐfȪ@
Ȳ ǔ¢ ¢ȯğȡ ȡ èȡȢ Ǖȡ¡Ǿȡ_ Ȳ ¢ȡ ¡ȡȢ ȡ`ȯ `Ƨȯæȯ
Úȸ ¢ȯğ åèȡȡ ȡ[Đ ȡǗ ǐfȪ @ ȡǒƶ ǓǕʷ ÛÛǕ
]¢ȡCDÚȸ¢ȯğȡèȡȢȡǓ Ûȡ¡Ǿȡ_]æȶȰȡȡ¡ǾȪ
ǓǓ]ǗǓ[ȶ`ƧȯæȯǑ Úȸ ȡǕȡǒȯǐȡ
¡ȡ ¡ȯÈ¢ȯğjȯ Ȫ@× Ȱ ȣÚȸǕǓǓ
ȡ[ D ¡ȯÈ ¢ȯğ åèȡ ǐfȪ @ Ȳ ǔ¢ ¢ȯğȪ
åèȡȡÚȸ¢ȯğȡ Ȳ ¢¢ȯğȡèȯCCȡFD¡ȡG KK
ÌÉȡȡȡǔÛfȡQ@
\Ûȡ[ǒƶ¡ǂȡCBǓ ȡ¢ȯğȡ_ȡ ȡ ǗȢȡ ǗȢǙǐfȪ Úȯ
HǓ ȡ¢ȯğ Ȳ ǔ¢¢ȯğȡ¡ȯȡQ@× Ȱ ȣ ȡȡǔȡǒƶǓǕʷȡ_
ǒƳ àȡ ǗȢȡ ǗȢǙǐfȪ@
ǓãȪÛÛǕȡ\Ǖ ȡȯȡȡ¡ȡD EGȡF FC\ȡ[H
FGɇȡE DHǙç ȡC KJǓȡ
Ȫ¡ȣ¡ȯȡQ@× Ȱ ȣF
IJȫȣȡ_E GBȯ ǔF àǒ¡`ȱ ǔǕȡD¡ȡE DG
ȡıǓ Ȳ ¡ȡ¡ȯ ȡQ@
92
ȡǓȡJ
ȡǓȡJ

J
ÛÛǕ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
ÛÛǕȪ [
Q
ǒ
ǒ DBBB DBBG DBBK DBCC DBCD DBCE DBCF DBCG DBCH DBCJ
ȡ CDC CKJ DEG
\ȡ[ DEI DGK EGI FED FFC
ɇȡ HCD FCB FEF HFG
Ǚçȡ ȡ DJG EBB DIF DEB DGD EDH
İȪȡȡȡÛğȡ
ǕƱȪƵȡǐƠ¡ȯȪ[ ȪÛÛǕȪȡfȪ\Ǔ¡Ȫ@
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àCG ȡȯȡȣH I ȡǕȡǒHÈȡ
ȡȰ£ȡǓåèȡĤȡȣȡǗ fȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIGIH à
ǕCȡDC¡ȡJ GD¡ȯÈ¢ȯğȡȰ£ȡǓåèȡfȪ
ʽ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIHȡ D ¡ȡ FF ¡ȯÈ \ǓĐ ¡ȡ_ Ȫ Ǖèȡ[ȡ
ǐfȪǓȪ@ ȡȰ Ȫ¡ȣ]Ǔ[[ȡǕDȪGȡǒǽȡ`×ȡͬǐ
ȡǒȣF¡ȡD ¡ȯÈ¢ȯğȡǙ¢ȡȪǐfȪǓȪ@]Ǔ[
[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àH ¡ȯÈ\ǓĐ¡ȡ_ȪǕèȡ[ȡǐfȪ
ȯKJȡǒǽȡ`×ȡǐfȪ@
ǓǕȣĤȪȡ`×ȡàȢǓǓȯ Ʈȡȡ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡCG
ǕǔÛȯ`×ȡDDȡDF¡ȡȡ¡[ȯ`×ȡfȪǓȪȯ
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ DBIHBIIȪǒ¡ȪJǒ¡ȡȡEB ǕǔÛȯ`×ȡ
FJȡȡ¡[ȯ`×ȡfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH Ȫ \Û× à CD ¡ȡ G II ¡ȶ ǐ Ǖȡ¡ǾȪ
ŝŐŝƚŝǌĂƚŝŽŶ ȡ[ àǏ fȪ @ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡãǕ
ȡÛ àDF¡ȡ¡ȶǐǕȡ¡ǾȪŝŐŝƚŝǌĂƚŝŽŶǐfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ C ¡ȡ ǓǕȣÛ Ǘȡ ȡ×Ȫ
ǒƲȯĤȡȢȡǓ ȡǐ ǐfȪȡȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ ȡÛ à
èȪ ÌÉȡJ JD¡ȯ Ȫ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡǓȢȡǒƶȣǕCȪKFȡÈǗǒ
ǒ ȪǓȡ ȡ `×ȡ fȪ ǓȪ ȯ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à èȪ
`×ȡCȪȡGK¡ȡÈǗǒǒ¡ȯ Ȫ@
93
ȡȪ]ȡ`×ȡ
ȡȪ]ȡ`×ȡ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIFͬIG Ǖȡȡ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGͬIH ȡ ȡȪ ]ȡ DB
ĤǓȯ ȯ Ȫ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIFͬIG ȡȡȪ ]ȡ K ȡ IG ¡ȡ
ÈǗ͘ǒ¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[ DBIGͬIHȡèȪ]ȡIȡ¡ȡÈǗ͘ǒ
¡ȯȪǓȪ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡCȪKFȡÈǗǒǒȡ Ì
fȪȡ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ C Ȫ D ȡ GK ¡ȡ E KK
ǐfȪ@
ÈǗǒǒȡ Ì
ȡĤȡƯ]àȡȢ
Ȳ ǔ¢¢ȯğȡĤȡƯ]àȡȢ
Ȳ ǔ¢¢ȯğȡħȶ]Ûǐȡȡƻ[ȡèǐȡǒȡ
Đ Ǚǒƨ fȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ I ȡ H ¡ȡ C CC
[ȯ Ȳ ǔ¢¢ȯğȪħȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[DBIHIIȪǒ¡ȪJǒ¡ȡȡ
GȡCB¡ȡD IJ[ȯ Ȫ¢ȯğȪħȯ ȡQ@
]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡ Ȳ ǔ¢¢ȯğȡ ÌfȪȡèȡè]Ǔ[[
DBIFIG Ȫ Ǖȡȡ FJ ĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ _ Ǿ IE Ȫ KK ȡ ǕȯȪ
ǓȪ@ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[Ȫ ȡǕǒ¡ȡ àȡèȪȡèǾEFȪHGȡ
¡ȯȪ@
ǗǓ
Ǖ
Ǖȡ
ȡ
Êȡ ȡȪȡ åǔè [ Ȱ ȡȪ ȡȡ[¡ǾȪ ȯȡȡ_ ǒƭǕȢ
ȡÚȡ Ĥȡ ȶ ȢǓ\ǕǾ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à C J ȡȪ
ȡȡ[¡Ǿȡ\ȡ_ ȯȡ ʶȡȡ]fȪ@ ȡȯȡȡ ȡȣ ȡ[Ǔ
Ǖ ȡǕ ǕȰ
åǔƠÊȡȪȯÛġȣ\ǓȯůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐsĞƌƐŝŽŶȡ¡ȯ[ Ǖ
èȡȡȡȪȡ[ ÈȯǗȡ[ȡȡfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à ȡȪ ȡȡ[¡Ǿȡ Ǘ ȯ ȡ ȯÛġ
ʶȡȡ ]fȪ @ \Ǔȡ ǒƣȡ ȡȢ ȡ[Đ \Û[ C GJ ¡ȯÈ
ȡ`ȱÞȡȢI¡ȡH EE¡ȯÈǕȡȢȡǒȯȡȢ àǏfȪ
@
ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àèǽȡȢȡǗ`Ȫåèȡȡ[Đ\Û[
ǒǓǏCKǔãȡȡCHEèȡȢ¡ȪǗ`ȪÈ ȡȡȡȡfȪ@
94
\ǓȡȪȡǗȡȡ[Đ\Û[ǕȾ¡[Ǖ ÖȡHHǒǓ
Ǔȷ ȡǑ[ȡ ÖȡFFǒǓ ȡȢ àǏfȪ@
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȪȡǗȡȡ[Đ\Û[ ȡȡ`ȡ^
ȡȡ[ȡȡǓCKEǒÛǕ¡ǾȡǗ][ȡ'E^^ ȶ ¢CDǒÛǕ¡Ǿȡ
ǓğȪǓȢ ȶ ¢ àǏ fȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ CEK
ǒÛǕ¡ǾȡǗ][ ȶ ¢fȪǓȪ@
DBIH ȡǕ à G ED èȡȢ ¡¡ǾȪ Ǘ`Ȫ È ȡ ȡ fȪ @
¡ȡ àE HKèȡȢ¡ȡǗ`ȪÈ ȡ¡èȡÛǐfȪ@DBCǓ
èǽÈ ȡ\ƭȡǓȶȡ[ àǏfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ ǕƠ ¡Ǔȡ Ǖèȡ[ȡ ȡ[Đ \Û[
ǐȡȡ_ Êȡ ǐ \Ǖȡ Ĥȡ ǐfȪ ȯ ǐȡȪ İȪ
¡èȡÛǐfȪ@ ȡȰ ǐȡȡ_Ǔȡ[\ǕȡĤȡǐfȪ
ȯ ǐȡȪ İȪ ¡èȡÛ ǐfȪ @ × Ȱ ȣ ¡ȡ
ǐȡȡ_[\Ǖȡ ǐȡȪİȪ¡èȡÛǐfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ ǕƠ Ȱȡ Ǚǔƣ ǒȡ ȡ[Đ \Û[
ǐȡȡ_Êȡǐ\Ǖȡ ǐȡȪİȪ¡èȡÛǐfȪ@
× Ȱ ȣ \Ǔȡ ǐȡȡ_Ǔȡ[\Ǖȡ ǐȡȪ
İȪ¡èȡÛǐfȪ@ ȡȰ¡ȡ ǐȡȡ_ȡǐ\Ǖȡ
C¡ȡǐȡȪİȪ¡èȡÛǐfȪ@Ǔȡ[ ǕƠȡȢȡȱȧ¡ȯȡ
Úȯ¡ȡǐȡȡ_ȡȱȧ ǕƠȡȢ`Þȡ^fȪ@

95
K`ƭȪ
K`ƭȪ͕ȡǔÏ
`ƭȪ ȡǔÏ͕]Ǘ
ȡǔÏ ]ǗǓ[[

`ƭȪ͕ ȡǔÏ ȡ ]ǗǓ[ ¢ȯğ \[Ûğȡ_ ȡȡ ȡ`ȯ ǕÉ ¢ȯğ fȡȯ
`×ȡȡ ȡ¡ǾȪ ǐȡ ȷ `ȪÊ èǕ `×ȡ ȶ͕ Ĥȡȡȣ fQ
åǔè ]ǗǓ[ Ĥȡȣȡ \[Ûğȡ_ ǓȢ ȡ` ǒÛ@ ]Ǔ[ Ǚǒƨȡ
ȡǓ ȪȡǗ `Í ĤǓ ǒ¡Ȫ kƭȪǓ ǒȡ ȣ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ
`×ȡȡ`ƭȪ¢ȯğȪȪȡȡ`kƭȪǓ¢ȯğȪǒèȡȷ ȢǓ͕ȡǕȢ͕
Ȳ ȡ× ǕȡĤǒĐȡ ȣǐfȪ@
`ƭȪ¢ȯğ
kƭȪǓ ¢ȯğȡ_ ĤȪ× ȡ¡͕ Ȳ ¢ ȡ Ǔ ȣ ȡǒƶ ]ȡ `ƭȪ ¢ȯğȪ
ȪȡǙǒƨȡ ȡ`Ǖâȡ`kƭȪǓå ȡg͕DBIHȡȣ_ȡȡ[Ûȡ
]fȪ@ǐȢǓȡȡȡǓǕ`ƭǒȡ ȡ[Đ ʶȡ
ȡȱȫ Ȳ Ȫ
Ǔȶ ǔȡ͕DBIHèȢǙfȪ@ǒȯ]Ǔ[¢ȯğg Ȳ ȪfȪ@
ǒƳåȡȢ Ǿȡ ȰǓfȪ ȪǓ Ȫ ¡ȡȡȣȡ_ ÛǗȢ [ ȡǓfȡ
¡Ǿȡ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡ `×ȡȢ `ƭȪȪ Ǖ Ǘã \ǓǙǒƨ
ĤǓȯ bȡ× ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ @ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ kƭȪǓ
`×ȡȪȪȡǓãȪG[ȡȡǒ[k ĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@]Ǔ[[
ȡèȪȪȡĤǓ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@
èȯ Ȣ ȡ ǒȯ Ȣ ȡȢȡ[ȡ_ Ĥȡ ǐȯ Ȱ Ĥȡȡ ȯȡ¡Ǿ fȰ èȡȡ
`Þȡ`ȯ`Ƨȯæȯ`ƭȪǒȡȡfǒÛǕ ȯȡȯÛġ ʶȡȡ]fȪ@
kƭȪǓ¢ȯğȡȫǕȡȢǓ͕ȡǗȢ͕ Ȳ ȡ× ǕȡȡĤǒĐȡ ȣȡ

ȡ ǒȯ Ȣ ȡȢ ÕȰ fȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ àȪ
Ǖȡȡ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ Ȱȯǔ ȡȢȪ ĤǓƨȡȡ CHEJ
ĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ _ ǽ DK \[ H Ȫ ȡȢ ĤǓƨȡ ĤȡƯ fȪ @ ȡǕ
]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕǒ¡ȡȡ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕǒ¡ȡȪǕȡȡǕȡȢ
ĤǓƨȡĤǓȯ ȯ ǽC[ DI\[ CȪȡȯ Ȫ@ǒ
[ȡ ǽC [ \[ IB Ȫ Ûȡȣ kƭȪǓ ȡȢ ĤǓƨȡ ĤȡƯ
fȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à`ƭȪ ÌÉȡȪ]ȡȡǗ ȡ͕ȫȡ ȡȡ

`ƭȪȪǒ¡è ȡĐȬĤǓ͕DEĤǓĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@ǕȡȢȪ
96
]ȡȡǗ ȡ͕ȫȡ ȡȡ`ƭȪȪǒ¡è ȡĐȬJIĤǓ͕ĤǓĤǓ
@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ

`ƭȪȡ[ǒ
DBIH

DBIHȡǕ àȡ
àȡ
ȡ
ȡȢ

ȡȢǽȪȡ
ȡȢǽȪȡ
ǽȪȡ
Ĥèȡǒ ĤǓ
`ƭȪȪ
èȯ
ǕȡȢ
ȡȢ ǔè ȱ Ȣ
ǔèǕ
ǕȢ ȱ Ȣ
ȡǕǕȢ Ȫȡȣ
Ȫȡȣ `ƭȪ
ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
ȡͿ
ȡ
;ȡ Ȫȡȣ
Ȫȡȣ
Ǘ ȡ`ƭȪ HD
ȫȡ`ƭȪ
ȡȡ
àȡ
àȡ JDCD
JDCD DCBCFGGH
DCBCFGGH CJKGFKIG
CJKGFKIG DBHGJHG
DBHGJHG HCFJDI
HCFJDI

İȪȬ`ƭȪǒȡ
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à`ƭȪȡǕȡȢǽ[C\[FG
ȪGHȡ¡ȯȪ@ȯȡȡǗ ȡ͕ȫȡ ȡȡ`ƭȪȣǕȪȡȣH
ȡCF¡ȡJ DI¡ȯȪ@ĤǓ`ƭȪȡk ȪȡȣIGåǔƠǓ [ȡ
¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@
ȡ[
͗Ĥȯ
Ĥȯ
Ǿȡ
Ǿȡ`ƭȪȡȡȢȪ\èȡ
`ƭȪȡȡȢȪ\èȡ
\èȡ
ǽ\
ǽ\[ȡ
ȡ
ȡ

İȪȬ`ƭȪǒȡ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à `ƭȪȡ ȡȢȪ ]ȡȡ ȰÛȡ ȣ
ȡȢĤȯ ȡǽI[ KF\[ Ȫȡ͕Ĥȯ ȲCȡF[
\[ ȪȡÖȧĤȯ ȡǽ[ \[ Ȫȡ
fȪȯ Ȱ ÛȡȡȢ ǕǗǔƱĤȯ ȡǽEJ\[ CȪȡ
fȪ@
97
ȡ[fȡ`ƭȪÚȯȡȢĤȯ ȡǐǕ_Ǔ¡ȡ^`ƭȪ¡ȯȡQȯ ȰÛȡ
`ƭȪȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡ¡ȯȡQ@ȡȢĤȯ ȡG͕FCK`ƭȪ¡Ǿȡ[fȡ
Qȯȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡ ȰÛȡIDȡğ¡ȯȡQ@
Ǔ `ƭȪ ȡ¡ȯȡ `ƭȪ ȡȢ Ĥȯ ȡ ȰÛȡ ȣ ȡ[ fȡ Q@Ǔ
`ƭȪȪ ÌÉȡ ǕǗǔƱĤȯ ȡ ȰÛȡȣ@ Ǘȡ͕Ĥ ȡȡ ʶȡĤǒǓȡ
]ȡǐ`ƭȪĤȯ ȲD͕Ĥȯ ȲGȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡȡ[fȪȡ^ȱȰ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à ȡ[ fȡ`ƭȪ Úȯ ÌÉȡȪ ]ȡȡ
`×ȡǗ`ƭȪȪǒ¡è ȡEIĤǓ͕ ȯȡǗ`ƭȪȪ\Ȳ DIĤǓ[
`ƭȪȪ\Ȳ DDĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫȯ ǔÛȯȡȱȧǒ¡è ȡ\Û¢ȯğȡ`ƭȪȪ¡ȯ Ȫ
@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ
`ƭȪȸ

`ƭȪȸ
`ƭȪȸ\Ǖ
\Ǖ ȡ
ȡȡ[ȡȢ
ȡȢ
ȡȢ
ȡȢǽȪȡ
ȡȢǽȪȡ
ǽȪȡ
`ƭȪȪ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ ȡȢ
ǕȡȢ ǔè ȱ ȢȢ
ǔèǕ
Ǖ ȱ ȢȢ
ȡǕǕ Ȫȡȣ
Ȫȡȣ
ȸ
ȸ

Ǚǒȡ
Û
Û
Ǔȡ[
Ǘ
aȡ[

ǗȡĤȡ

ȡ ʶȡ
ȡ ʶȡ
`×ȡǗ

Ǔ
Ǔ
ȯȡȡ
[

àȡ
àȡ

İȪȬ`ƭȪǒȡ ΎǕǾȯ ǔ]Ǔ[[DȡǕ à
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡǕ à ȡȢ ĤǓƨȡȪ ǒ¡ ȡȯ ȰÛȡ ȣ Ǖ
kƭȪǓ ȡȢȪ aȡ[Ǘ `ƭȪȡ GK ĤǓ `×ȡǗ `ƭȪȡ DD
ĤǓ@ ȰÛȡȡȢǕȡȢĤǓƨȡȪĤǓ Ǘȡ͕Ĥ ȡ
ȡ ʶȡĤǒǓȡ]ȡǐ`ƭȪȡBEĤǓȡȢǓ`ƭȪȡ¡ȯȪ@

98
ȡ[

͗ [ȡèȢǙǓ
ǒ
ǒ ǓĤȡƯ`ƭȪ¡Ǿ
ĤȡƯ`ƭȪ¡ǾȪǒ
¡ǾȪǒ
ȡȢ
Ȫǒ
ȡȢǾ
ȡȢ Ǿ\[
Ǿ\[ȡ
ȡ
ȡ

İȪȬ`ƭȪǒȡ ΎȡǕ àȪ
ǒȯ ȢȡȢ
ȢȡȢ
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡȡȢȪ[ȡǽ[ \[ ȡȢ

èȢǙfȪȯ `ƭȪǒȡȡ`ƭȪ¡ǾȡǽDK\[ HIȪEB
ȡȪ ȡȢ ĤǓƨȡ _ Ĥèȡǒ Ȫȡȣ J͕KBH ¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIGIH Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ DCJ `ƭȪ¡Ǿȡ ǽ CC \[ CJ Ȫ ȡȢ
ĤǓƨȡfȪ ȡI͕KGEȪȡȣ Ǚȡ¡Ǖȯ \ǕȡǓȪ@Ǖǽȯ ǔ]Ǔ[
[ȪȡǕ à`ƭȪȡǽE[DF\[GȡȡȪ
ǒȯ ȢȡȢĤǓƨȡĤȡƯfȪ@ȡ[fȡǒȯ ȢȡȢȡ`ƭȪ¡Ǿȡ ȡȡ
`ƭȪĤǓȫȡĤǓǗ ȡ`ƭȪĤǓ¡ȯȡQ@
ǕĤèȡǒ
ȡ[K
͗ Ĥèȡǒǒȯ
Ĥèȡǒǒȯ ȢȡȢ
ǽȪȡ

ǽȪȡ

İȪȬ`ƭȪǒȡ͕ ΎȡǕ àȪ
ǒȯ Ȣ ȡȢȡ ʶȡ ¡Ǖȯ `ƭȪ¡Ǿȡ ȡȢ Ǚǒƨ ȡ ȯ ǔȱȰ@ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIGIH Ȫ Ǖȡȡ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡ ȯ ǒȯ Ȣ ȡȢȪ
ĤǓƨȡȡ Ȫƣȣ ¡Ǖȯ ȯ ǔÛ@ ȣ ǒȯ Ȣ ȡȢ ÕǕȪ ȡȡ f ǒÛǕ
ȯȡȪ Ǖǽȡȡȡ åèȡȡ ȡȢȪ ȡȡȡ fȪ Ǖȡȯ ¡Ǖ Èȯ
ȯ ǔÛ@
99
ȡǓȡK
ȡǓȡK

K

`ƭȪ
`ƭȪȸȡ]ȡȡ
`ƭȪȸȡ]ȡȡǒȯ
ȸȡ]ȡȡǒȯ ȢȡȢȡ`ƭȪ¡ǾȪǒ
ȢȡȢȡ`ƭȪ¡ǾȪǒ
ȡǕ à
à
ǒȯ ȢȡȢ
ǽ
Ǖ Ĥèȡǒ
ȸ
ȸ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
Ȫȡ
Ȫȡ Ȫȡȣ
Ȫȡȣ
ǙǒȡÛ
Ǔȡ[
aȡ[Ǘ
ǗȡĤ ȡȡ ʶȡ

ĤǒǓȡ]ȡǐ
`×ȡǗ
Ǔ
ȯȡ
[
Ǖ

İȪȬ`ƭȪǒȡ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡǕ à ȡ[ fȡ ǒȯ Ȣ ȡȢȡ `ƭȪ¡ǾÚȯ
aȡ[Ǘ`ƭȪ¡ǾȡFBĤǓ͕ ȯȡǗ`ƭȪ¡ǾȡĤǓ͕`×ȡǗ
`ƭȪ¡ǾȡJĤǓ[`ƭȪ¡ǾȡĤǓȡȢ¡ȯȪ@Ǔȡ[
`ƭȪ¡Ǿȡ ȰÛȡ C ĤǓ ȡȢ fȪ @ Ȫȡȣ Ǚȡȡ ]ȡȡ
`×ȡǗ `ƭȪ¡Ǿ ȰÛȡ \ȡǓ ¡ȯȡ Q ȯ Ǔȡ[ `ƭȪ¡Ǿ Ȫȡȣ
ǙȡȪǒ¡ ȡȯǓȡǓȯ ǔÛQ@`ƭȪȪȡ[Ȫ]ȡȡ Ȱ Ûȡȣǒȯ Ȣ
ȡȢȡ`ƭȪ¡Ǿ ȯȡ¢ȯğȡĤǓ͕[¢ȯğȡĤǓ`×ȡǗ
¢ȯğȡĤǓȡ[ fȡQ@ ȰÛȡǓȡ[¢ȯğǓ`ƭȪ¡Ǿȡ[
fȡQ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ

ȯ

Ǿȡ
Ǿȡǒȯ ȢȡȢ
DȡǕ
ȡǕ à
à
Ǖǒȯ ȢȡȢ
ȢȡȢ Ĥèȡǒ
Ĥèȡǒ
ȯ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ

ǽȪȡ
ǽȪȡ Ȫȡȣ
Ȫȡȣ
Ȣ
ȡ
Ǖȯ
Ǖf f
ǔ¢Ȫǐȡ
Ǔ Ȳ ȡǕ
Ǖf_
Ȫǐ
Èȡȡȡ
ȡȡ
\Ûȡȱȧ CCGG
àȡ
İȪȬ`ƭȪǒȡ
100
ǒȯ ȢȡȢȪèȢǙǓȡfȡǕ`ƭȪ¡Ǿȡȯ ]ȡȡ ȰÛȡȣȡȢ
ȢĤǓȡEBĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@`ƭȪ ÌÉȡȪ]ȡȡ ȯ ȰÛȡ
ȣȢĤǓȡCHĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@Ǖǒȯ ȢȡȢȡèȡǒ
`ƭȪ¡ǾȡǐDȡHI¡ȡC EDȪȡȣĮǙȡ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@
ȡ[K
͗
Ĥȯ
Ǿȡ
Ǿȡȡ[fȡ
fȡǒȯ ȢȡȢȡ`ƭȪ
ȢȡȢȡ`ƭȪ¡Ǿ
ȡ`ƭȪ¡ǾȪǒ
¡ǾȪǒ
Ȫǒ

Ĥȯ ȲC Ĥȯ ȲD ȡȢ Öȧ Ĥȯ ȲG ȡ[ȣ ǕǗǔƱ
İȪȬ`ƭȪǒȡ

ǕǾȯ ǔ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡǕ àȡ ȡ[ fȡ ǒȯ Ȣ ȡȢȡ `ƭȪ
ȰÛȡȣȡȢĤȯ ȡJCĤǓ ȰÛȡCBĤǓ`ƭȪ
Ĥȯ ȲG ǕǗǔƱĤȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȡQ@
`ƭȪ
ȯ Ǖ `ƭȪ
èȯ Ȣ Į Ȣ èȡȢ Íȡ ȡ[ ĮȪȪ `Ȫ ȣ Ǖ ȯ Ǖ ȡ ȡȡ
`ƭȪȪǒȡ ȶ`Ƨȯæȡ ȡǐȢǓȡȡȡǓǕ`ƭǒȡ ȡ[Đ
Ǖ`ƭǒȡ ȡ[Đ ʶȡȡ¡ȯ ȡQ@]Ȫȡȡ¡ȡ àCB¡ȡ
H IF ȡȱ Ǖ `ƭ Ȳ èȡ ǒȡ fȡ Q Ǖ `ƭ Ȳ èȡ¡Ǿ
èȪǏǓfȡQ@`ƭȢȡǒȡ ȡ[ǐȢȪȯ ȡǕǓ¡ȯȡǒ¡ȡǓ
ȡǓȯ ȢǕȡ\Û ȢȡÛǙ[ Ǖȡȡ`ƭå ȡǓ [ȡǕ
[ ȡ
ȡȰ`ƭ¡ǾȪèȪǏǓȣèȪȡȣȪȡȣǓ [ȡȡ ¡ȪǕȯȪ@
ȡǓȡ
͗
ȡǓȡ
Ǖȯ
ȯ Ǖ ȡ
ȡ ȡȡ`ƭȪ
ȡȡ`ƭȪ¡Ǿ
ȡȡ`ƭȪ¡ǾȪĤȯ
¡ǾȪĤȯ ǒ
DBI\ ȡ
DBI\ ȡ à
\ ȡ à
à
`ƭȪ¡Ǿ
`ƭȪ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿȡ[Ȫ ÌÉȡ
Ȫ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
Ǖ͕ȯ
ȯ ĤèȡǒȪȡȣ
ĤèȡǒȪȡȣ
Ĥȯ
ȡ ȡȡ
ȡ ȡȡ ÌÉȡͿ
ÌÉȡ
; ÌÉȡ
Ĥȯ ȲC GGIBK EJKFBG
Ĥȯ ȲD GFKCB EJDJDB
101
`ƭȪ¡Ǿ
`ƭȪ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿȡ[Ȫ ÌÉȡ
Ȫ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
Ǖ͕ȯ
ȯ ĤèȡǒȪȡȣ
ĤèȡǒȪȡȣ
Ĥȯ
ȡ ȡȡ
ȡ ȡȡ ÌÉȡͿ
ÌÉȡ
; ÌÉȡ
ȡȢĤȯ CFCGHJ KKBGHB
ÖȧĤȯ EJGHJ DHKGKB
Ĥȯ ȲG HJEEF FIIHGF
ȡ[ȣĤȯ CIBHE CCKDIB
ǕǗǔƱĤȯ DGBJF CIJIGE

àȡ
àȡ FBCDEH
FBCDEH DJBJBGD
DJBJBGD
İȪȬ`ƭȪ͕ȡǔÏȡ]ǗǓ[Ûğȡ
DBIHȡǕ àǕFȡC¡ȡD EHǕ͕ȯ Ǖ ȡ ȡȡ`ƭȪ¡Ǿ

ȡ[ _ Ĥèȡǒ Ȫȡȣ DJ ȡ J ¡ȡ GD Ǔ [ȡ ¡Ǖȯ ȯ ǔÛ@ ĤǓ `ƭȪ
ĤèȡǒȪȡȣǓ [ȡǐI¡ȯȯ ǔÛ@Ĥȯ Ǿȡ ȰÛȡȣȡȢ
Ĥȯ ȡEGĤǓ͕Ĥȯ ȲGȡCIĤǓĤȯ ȲCĤȯ ȲDȡĐȬ
CFĤǓCFĤǓǕȯ Ǖ ȡ ȡȡ`ƭȪ¡Ǿȡ[fȪȯ ǔÛ@ ȰÛȡ
ȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡFĤǓǕȯ Ǖ ȡ ȡȡ`ƭȪ¡Ǿȡ[fȪȯ ǔÛ@
å ȡ ʶȡ ¡ȡȪ
å ȡ ʶȡ ¡ȡȪ
¡ȡȪ\èȡ
\èȡ
ǓȢ¢ȯğȪå ȡȡ[ ʶȡȡ[ĤȡǓƯèǕ]ȡǓȡ[ȡ àȡåǒȡȪ
Ûȡǒ ǓǾ ȯȡ ǒǓǏ ǒȡ ǐfȪ ȢǓ Ȳ ȡ fQ ĤǙȡ
Ǖ Ǔğå ȡ ʶȡȪȡȡ\ǕǕÛȰ fȪ
ǕȡȪĤȡ èǾǕ
@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ
͗

ȯȡȪǒ
ȡȪǒ
ǒF[Ȫ
Ȫå ȡ ʶȡȪ\ǕǕȡȪ
å ȡ ʶȡȪ ȡȪ\èȡ
\èȡ
Q

èȪ . . . .
èȡ
İȪȬǒƳȰǋ
ǒƳ ɇ Ǘ¡ȯ Q DBDB ȡ ȡǓ Ĥȡ ȯ Ȫ Ǖ_ɨ Ǔȯ ĤǓȯ\Ǖ ȡ
ȯȡ å ȡ ʶȡȪ ¡ȡ Ǘȡ HED \ɨ ǒ¡ ǒƳȡ CKB \[Ûğ
Úȯ KFkȲ èȡȡ¡ fȪ@Ȫ Q DBCKȡ¡ȯȪCCBk Ȳèȡ

GKHE\Ȳ ȪǕȡȡèȡ\ȡǓȡğ¡Ȫ_¡ȡ àȰ`Í¡Ȫ@

102
ȡ[

͗ Ǖ Ȫå ȡ
ȡ[Ǖ Ȫå ȡ ʶȡȪ\ǕǕȡȪ
å ȡ ʶȡȪ ȡȪ\èȡ
\èȡ
\ȡǓèȡ

ĮȢȲ ȡ ȯȡ

ȡǔãß ȡǒèȡ

Ǖȡ Ȳȡȯ

ȡ

İȪȬǒƳȰǋ
Ǖ ¡Ǿȯk ȡCG\Ȳ Ǚǒƨȡ[ȯȡȯ

QȪȡǓǔ¢fǔȡȣǕ
EGI\Ȳ Ǚǒƨ[ fȪ@Ȫ ȱȰ ȯȡ ¢ȯğȡȡ ǕȡǓȪ
`×ǙƴǕ
Ǖ ȪǾȡǕȯȪ@ ȡȰǗãȡǋĤǓȯȯ ȯȯȡǒƳȡÛǗ]
Ǖ ¡ǾÚȯ ȯȡǾȡÖȡǓȪȪİȪ`×ǙƴǕ
fȡEBǕ Ǖ ȪǾȡ¡ȯȪ
@
àȢȡ[
]Ǔ[[ȡǕDG¡ȡF JHàȢ¡Ǿȡ[fȪȡ]Ǔ[
[ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à CH ¡ȡ K FG àȢ¡Ǿ ȡ[ fȡ Q@
ȪȪȡȡ^ ȪĤȡȯÛȡÛȣȡȡȡȯ]Ǔ[[ȡǕ
àȢȡ[ȡȯ¡ȣȢ]` Èȯ\Ǖȡ@
ȡ[
àȢȡ[Ȫ ÌÉ
Ȫ ÌÉ
ȡȡ

İȪȬàȢǔƶȡȪȡȡ[
103
ǒ[Ȫ\Ǔȡ]Ǔ[[ ȡàȢȡ[ȡȯ¡ȣȢ]f
ȡǓ ĒȡàȢȡ[ÕȪĐȡ¡ȯȪȯ ǔÛ@

ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ
Ĥȯ

Ĥȯ Ǿȡ
Ǿȡȡ[fȡàȢȪǒ
fȡàȢȪǒ
ȡǕ à
à
Ĥȯ àȢ ÌÉȡ
àȢ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
ĤǓ
\Ȳ
ĤǓ
Ĥȯ ȲC
Ĥȯ ȲD
ȡȢ
Öȧ
Ĥȯ Ȳ
ȡ[ȣ
ǕǗǔƱ
Ĥȯ ǕȯȪ
àȡ
àȡ GBCI
GBCI
GBCI

İȪȬàȢǔƶȡȪȡȡ[
Ĥȯ Ǿȡ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡȡȢĤȯ ȡ ȰÛȡȣ

ǐȢȫȡ^àȢȡ[fȡQȯ ȰÛȡȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡCCĤǓ
àȢȡ[fȡQ@
kƭȪǓ¢ȯğ
¡ȡ ʶȡȡ ¡ȯ ȡ CB kƭȪǓ ¢ȯğǓğ èȡǒ IBB `ƭȪ¡Ǿ Úȯ HEI
`ƭȪ¡Ǿ ʶȡȡ¡ȯȡQ@ ÚȯEEǓȡ[ȡȢEBÛQ@ ʶȡȡ
¡ȯȡ `ƭȪ¡Ǿȡ CG ¡ȡ C JE ȡȯ Ĥ×¢ Ȫȡȣ ĤȡƯ ȯ ȡ Q@
ȡȪ ¡ȯ Ĥȯ ȡ kƭȪǓ ¢ȯğ èȡȡ ȶ ȢǓ\Ǖ ȡ CG ȡȱ kƭȪǓ
¢ȯğ¡ǾĤèȡǒȯ ȪȡĤȯ ȲCȪȡȡ͕Ĥȯ ȲEȪǗȡͲ¡ȯɊȡ
ǔƠȪǔ͕Ĥȯ ȲGȪȪǓǕǕȫèȡȡȱȯ ǕǗǔƱĤȯ Ȫ
ʶǕȰ ȢȣHkƭȪǓ¢ȯğȪȡfȡQ@
kƭȪǓĒȡ
kƭȪǓĒȡ
Ēȡ
Ǖȡ¡Ǿȡ_`ƭȪ¢ȯğȡ]ǒ[ȶ`ƨȯæȯȡǕ àEIkƭȪǓĒȡ
ȪȡfȡQ@èȡȢ¡Ĥȯ ȡȪ ȯ ¡ȡǓȡȡèȡȡ¡Ǖȯ èȡ
kƭȪǓĒȡ¡Ǿȡ_Ǘȡ[ȡǒȡ []æǓȡ[ȡȡǓĤǓkƭȪǓĒȡ
Ǖ ȡǓ ȯȪ£ȡ
ǽKDȡȡȯǓȡ ȡfȪ@ ȡȰȯǔǕ
104
`ƭǔȡ Ȣȡ_èȯ ȡ`ȪȣȪȡȣǓ [ȡ`×ȡǙǒƨ_ȯ Ȫ
]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨȡȯ ȡǕÊȯȯ ǔÛ@
@
ǒȯ]Ǔ[¢ȯğ
Ǔȡ[Ǘ `ƭȪ Ĥ×ȯ Ĥȯ ȡ èȡȡ ȶ `ƨȯæ\ǕǾ ȡȣ ȡ ǓȢ
ȡȯȡȣȡȰ¡ȡǒȯ]Ǔ[¢ȯğȪ àǗ[ Ǘȡ[ȡǓȡ[ȡ[ àǏfȪ@
¡ȡ ǒȯ]Ǔ[¢ȯğȡȡ`ƭȪ ʶȡȡ]fȡQ@ ÚȯE`ƭȪȯ
`×ȡǕǾȣǓȡ Ȣȯ ȪC`ƭȪȯǗȡ`×ȡǕǾȯ ȪůȰ¡ȡ
ȱ
ǒȯ ]Ǔ[ ¢ȯğȡ Ǿ G \[ ȡȢ Ȫȡȣ Ǔ [ȡ ¡Ǖȯ ]
ǐfȪȡ ʶȡǓ F `ƭȪ¡Ǿȡ ¡ȡ à Ǿ IB Ȫ ȡȢ͕ CIG Ȫȡȣ
Ǔ [ȡȯ Ȫ@
Ĥȯ ȲCǒȡǒȯ]Ǔ[¢ȯğȪǒèǙ^ǔÛǓǐǍǓȡ^Ȫȡ[ àǏ

fȪ@ȡȡȪǓ ȡǒȯ]Ǔ[¢ȯğȡȶ ÛĤȪ¢ȯğȪȡǓǗȡ[ȡȡ
fȪ@Ǔ ȡȡȱȡǒȯ]Ǔ[¢ȯğèȡȡȪȡĐȬHGĤǓ
EGĤǓ àǏfȪ@
ȫǒƨ àƣȢ
ȫǒƨ àƣȢ
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡG¡ȡH Ěȯ ȡ[͕IKȯȯÛ

DBFǓȡ^kƭȪǓȫǒƨ àǔƣȪǾȡȡ[fȡQ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ
͗

kƭȪǓȫǒƨ àǔƣȪǒ
kƭȪǓȫǒƨ àǔƣȪǒ
Ȫǒ
]Ǔ[[
[ Ȫ ÌÉȡ
Ěȯ ȡ[Ȫ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ Ȫ
ȯ ȯÛ Ȫ ÌÉȡ
Ȫ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ Ǔȡ^ ÌÉȡ
Ǔȡ^ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
èȯ ȢȢ
ǒȯ ȢȢ àȡ
àȡ èȯ ȢȢ ǒȯ ȢȢ àȡ
àȡ èȯ ȢȢ ǒȯ ȢȢ àȡ
àȡ
ͬ à
ͬ

ͬ
ͬ

ͬ
ͬ
ͬ
ͬ
ͬΎ
àȡ
àȡ DIGHG
DIGHG DFBEI
DFBEI GCHBD
GCHBD FB
FB EK
EK IK
IK CBI
CBI KI
KI DBF
DBF
İȪȬ`ƭȪǒȡ ȡǕ à
105
ȡȢȡ`×Q
ȯȡȡǓ ȯÛ`ƭȪȪǗ Ȫ àȡȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@Ǔ\Ú\Ûȯȡ[Ȫ
èǾ `Ǖ͕ Ǖȡ͕ ȪȡǍ͕ Ǔ ÛǕȣ͕ ȡǕ͕ ǓǕ͕ ȡǑǍ͕ èȡǍȡ͕
\ȡ[ȡȱȢ͕ȡãȡ͕ȡǍ͕ ãȡ͕ ǕȶȰ Ȣȣȯ ȪǒǓǏ¢ȯğȡIBȪ
Ĥȡǔ͕DBȪ\[ĤȡǔȡEIȪ àȡåȣǕ
CDI\[ ǕǕ Ǎȡ\ÛȯfȪ@ ȡȣȡǓȢ¢ȯğȪ ¡ȡǓȡȡfȪ
\Ú\Ǖ Ûȡȡ¡ȡ àHC ǕǕȱ ȡ`×\ǕǓğĤȡǐfȪ@
¡ȡ àCGȡ[¢ȡȪDHǓ ȯÛ`ƭȪ¡Ǿèȡȡ_ ʶȡȡQ
ȯ G Ǔ ȯÛ `ƭȪ¡Ǿ Ǔȡ[ȡȢ \èȡȡ @ Ǔ ȯÛ `ƭȪȪ ǒȡ ȡ
ʶȡȡ`ãȯÉ ȡĤȡƯ_ȡǒ[FGȡ
ȡȪǐKBĤǓ
Ǔ ȯÛèȯ ȡ`×ȡ_Ǔ ȯÛȪ]ȡȡȢfȪ@
ȡȢ`ƭȪ¡ǾȪǒȡ ȶ ×èȡ`ƭȪȡ_ ȡ[ǓǓȢ¢ȯğ ȡȯȡȣȡ\ǔ

ȡ`ȯȢǓ\ǕǾȫȡȣȡàȢǓǓȯ Ȫèȡȡ_ ʶȡȡ¡ȯȪ@
ȡ Ȣȫȡȣ¢ȯğȡ¡ȯ ȪǐCBǒȢàȡ_k DGȢȪȡ^Ȫ
ȡȪȡ`Ȫ\ÚȡDFȯ ǔGJĤǓȡ¡ȯȪǐCBJǓǓ
ȡǓȪÖȡǒfȪ@ ȡĤǓǑJȡ`×ȡ
ȡ[EB[ àȡ`×ȡ[ ǒȯ àȡȡȯ ǔfȪ@
ǙǒȪ]ȡĤǓèȡȶ `ȯ æ ȡèȪȡ^Ȫ\Ûȯȡ[ ʶȡȡ

@ȡǍȡȰȢǔãȡȡǒǓǏèȡ¡ǾȡȫǓ[\Ûȯ͕Ǖȡ Ì͕
ÌǓ Ǖȡ¡ǾȪ ȡǓ ȣ¢ fȡ Q@ ]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ
ȡǕ àȪ\ÚȡCBȡǓÖȡ¡ȯȪ\Ǖȡ@`ƠÖȡȡ
fȪǒǓǏǐ¢ȡ[ȡǙǒ`ƭȪȪĤƨ[¡Ǖȯ ¡ǂǗ[ àȡȡ¡ȯȪ
@
ȯà èȪȪ àȡå¢ȯğ͕ȡ[ȣĤȯ ȪȡȪ͕ȡǓȪ͕\ȡǔãȡȪǒǓǏ

¢ȯğȡȡȢ`×Qȡ`×ȡ[`×Q\ǕǓȡȣfȪȡȡɊ͕ Ǖȶ
ȯȡʷȡ ǓȢ ¢ȯğȡ ǒǍ ȡ ȪȪǓ Ȳ `ƭȪ ʶȡ fȡ Q@]Ǔ[
[ ȡ ȪȪĤƨ[ȡȡǓǓȢ¢ȯğȪ ¡ȡǓȡȡfÈ Ȫ]Ȫȡ
ȯfȪ@
Ǖ ȡǒǓǏȡȡȯȡȯ ȡǓȯĚȪǓȡ[Ȫ\Ûȯ͕`×Q͕ĤȪ

Ǖ
ĤȪ ǐȯ ê\ǕǾ ȯȡȡ ȯĚȪǓ \Ûȯ ȡ[ȡ ȡǓ Ȣ ȱ fȪ
àȫȡ\Ǖ ȡȰ ȯȡȯĚȪǓ\Ûȯȡ[ǕǾfȪ@
106
ǕǽÛĤǓĤȡƯ¡Ǖȯ ǓèȰ ǐ͕ȡ[͕ȯà èȪ
ȡ_ȡ_͕Ǖ ȡ[Ǔ͕Èȡ[
ǒĐƴ͕Ȫ^ȡ͕Èȡȡ[_͕Èȡ ȡ_͕ȡȪȡȪȡ]ȡǐ ȡȡȡȫȡèȡ
ǓÖȡ¡ǾȪ\Ûȯȯ ǔ`×ȡ àȪȡ[ȡȡǓǓȢ¢ȯğȡ_]Ǔ[[
DBIGIH àȡ CEE `×Q DIK Ȫȡ ȡ[Ȫ Ĥȡ ğ Ĥȡ
^ ȯȪ@ȢÚȯǐJBĤǓȯȡ[ȡȢȯ Ȫȯ ǔÛ@
ȯ ȪǕÊ ǒȯǒȯȬ Ǖȯ ¡ȡ¡ȡȡĮǙÌȡȪ àǗ[ ȡ`Íǒ¡ȡȣ

¢ȯğȪ ȯ¡ȣ ȡ¡ǾȪ Ĥ Ȫ ȫǓ[ ȶ ¢ ȡ[ Ǘȡ ȣ ȪĮȪ Ȫ
È ȡǋǕǽfȪ@ ȡĤȯ ȪCE͕BB͕BBBèȯȪǓǔȫǓ[È ȡ
ĤȡfȪ@
åǔè ¡ȣ ǒȡ Ȫ¡ Ȱȡ åèȡȡ ȡǓ DBIHII ȡǕ à
ȡȡɋ `×ȡ͕ Ȫȡ͕ Ǖ͕ Ȱ¡ȡ͕ ¡ȯȫȡ͕ ȡ͕ ǒȡ͕ Ǖȶ͕ ȯȡÑ͕
Ǖ͕ ȣ͕ ¡ȯÛġ͕ Ǖ ǒǕ ȯʞȪ Ǘ^ǔÛǓǐǍ ȡ Ǘ
ȡȡȢ ȶ ¢ȡ[ àǏfȪ@
Ǖ ȡ ȡ͕Ǖȡ͕
ǗʹȰ£ȡǓ Ǔ ȶ ¢ \Ûȯ ȡ[ \Û[ Ȫȡ͕ȪǕ͕ Ȳ
Ǖ ͕ Ǖȶ͕ ǕȡȪ͕ ȡǑ͕ Ǖȡ͕ Ȫȡ͕ ȡȪ͕ \ȡ͕ ȰȢ͕
ȯıǕ͕ ȡȱ͕ ȡÜȯ ɨ
ȡ Ǖ ͕ǕȡȪ͕ȡǑ͕ Ǖȡ͕Ȱ ȯ͕ǽǕ͕ȪãȡȣǕIJBB[
Ǖ[ ȡ͕ȡȱ͕ȡÜȯ ɨ
ǒǓ¢ȯğȡȫǓ[È ȡȲǋȡǓ\Ûȯȡ[ àǏfȪ@
DBID ȡȪǗà\ǔȯȡȪǗàȢǓȡȢDC ȡ^ǔèèȯ ȡDK

ǔǒf èȯ ¡Ǿȡ^¡ȯȪȡǗàȡȶ ʷȡȪǓèȡ_¡ȡFD
ȡ^ǔè èȯ ȡ GC ǔǒf èȯ ¡Ǿ ʶȡȡ ¡ȯȡ Q@ ǗàȢ
Ǘȡ¡ǾȪǕè\ǓǙǒƨ_ǗàȪèȡ ǒ¡ȡ^Ȫ ǗȡĤȡȡȣ
Ǿȡ àĤȯ[ ¢fȪ@
Ǖèȡȡȫ
èȡȡȫ
èǕȡ[ȡ ȯȡȡǕèȪǒƳ Ǔȡȡ\ǓǙǒƨȡ[Q`ȪƠȡȯĤȪ[ȡ
ǒƳèȡ[ ȡǓȡ Ȣȡ ¡ȡ\ÛȡǒƶǾȡ ȯȡÛȡĤȡƯ[ ]Ǔ[
[HIȡȯȡǕèǕ
[ ȡǕȬȢǐ¢\Ȳ ǓȡȪȡǓǒǓǏèǕ
ȡ ȯȡȪ Û[ȡȯȡǕèǐȡDBǕèĤȡǒǓ ǓǓȡCI
ǕèȡǐfȡQ@`ƭȪȪEèǕȡ_ȯȡǕè\ǕǓǑ^fȪ
@
]Ǔ[[HIȡ`ƭȪȡ`×ȡ¡Ǖȯ ȡȡȡǓĐȧ¡Ǖȯ ȯȡǕè

ǔÛ¡\Ȳ ǒèǕ¡ǾȪǕèǓÛğ`ȪƠȡ¡ǒ¡ Ȳ ¢[ CF¡ȡ
107
åȡȡȣå ȡȢȪȡȫȡȡÜȯȫȯÛğȡȱȯ Ȫ@ Úȯ
CB¡ȡK IHȡ_\ǓǓȡȫȡȡÜȯ ȫȯ ÛğĤȪȯ ȡ
ȡȡ¡ȣǐfȪ@
ȯĚȪǓ ȡ[Ȫ Ǖƨȡ ǐȡ Ǖǽè ¡ȯ¡ȯ Ȫ àÛȡ D ȯĚȪǓ
ǒàȪȡȱǐfȪ@ \ǓȡʫȡÈ ȢȪǓȡȱȡCIE
ʫȡȲȡȱ àǏfȪ@ȡȫ àÛȢ`ȪƠȡ¡ǒ¡ Ȳ ¢ȪȡǓf
Ǖ \Ǖ HCC ȣ Ǖ \Ǖ àǏ fȪ
\Ǖ CCDEȡ Ȳ Ơ
@
ȡǔÏ
ȡǔÏ
åȡȡ ȡ ȡ¡ȡ ¢ȯğȪ ǒèȡ ȡ ǒǒǓ ȶ ͕Ǔȡ[ Ĥƨ[ ]ȡ
åèȡȡ[ÕȪåȡȡȡȡÛǗȢȶ ȯȡ ȡȪȢǓ¡ȯȪ@
Ȫ\ǕǾ ȡȣ ȯ Ȫ ȡǔÏ ȢǓ DBID͕ȡǒƶ åȡȡ fȧǙ ȢǓ͕ ͕
ȡåȡȡȡȡÛǗȢ àÛȢȡǒƶȡ[Ȫȡȡȡ[ÛȡQ@
ȯȡ[ȪfÛȣǔàȡȡ`ÖȯǓǍgDBIHgǕ
[ ȡ_ȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ
@ `Ơ gȯ ǒƳ åȡȡ Ȳ ȡ Ĥȡȡ¡Ǿ \Û[ ¡ȯ èÍ åȡȡǐ
ǒĐȡȡȪ Ĥƪ[ ȡ[ ȯȡȡ ¡Ǖȯ ]ȡȡ_ Ǔ [ èȯ Ȣ `ƭȪ ȡ
\[Ûğȡ_ȡƻ¢ȯğȪ\ǕǔǒĐȡȡȡ¡Ǖ Èȯ àȡǒ¡ȡȢȡȪȡ`
]æĤÛ¡Ǿȯ Ȫ@
Ĥȡ^ȯ[ ǔƶȯ

ȡıɊ Ȳ ȪǓȡȣ͕DBIH ȡǒ Ȳ ȪfȪ
@ `ȪƠȡ Ȳ ¢ Ǔȡȣ͕ DBIH èǕȪ Ĥ×¢ ǒĐȧ ǒ àÛȢ
Ǔȡȣ͕DBIHèȢǙ_ȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ@Ǔȡ[ȡ\Ǖȡ àÛȢ
ȡ[ǒǓȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ@
Ǔȡ[Ĥƨ[ȡȡǓǒƭǕȢåȡȡ àÛȢȡǒƶȢǓȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ@
ȡ_åȡȡǑ ǕƠȡȢĤȡȣ ¡ȡ`Ǖ
[ ȶĤǒĐȡ ǕȡȡȡǕǽ
fȪ@
ȯȡåȡȡfȧǙȢǓDBIEȯǒ¡ȡȯ ȡȡȶ ͕ǔæȡ͕ȡȡȡèǕ¡Ǿ͕

ȡ[ Ǖƣȡ Ü¡ǾȪ Ē Ǘã ĮǙǌȡ ǒȡ ȡ ȡǓ ǐȪȡ Ĥèȡ ȡ
fȪ@ ȢǓȯǒ¡ȡȣĤȡǓȡǑfȡèǕ¡Ǿ ȱ àǔÛèǕ
Ȳ ¡ǾȪ¢ȡǒȡ ȶ`ƪȯ æȯJèǕ Ȳ ¡Ǿȡ`Ȣ¡ǾȰĤèȡȪǔȡ
ȡ[Đ¡Ǿ ʶȡfȡQ@
108
ȯȡȡ ĤǕ Ǔȡ[ȪÊ èǕ¡Ǿ ǔȡȪ\ǕȡȪ \ɇ ȢȪȡȶ͕ȢǕȣ ǔæȡ͕ȡȡ
ȡ ȡȡÛ `×ȡȪȡȶ Ö͕ Ǖƣȡ Ü¡ǾȪ Ē Ǘã ĮǙǌȡ ǒȡ ȡ ȡǓ
]ȡȢ]Ǔ[[ȯǔȰȡȡ[Ûȡãȡ^ȯȣǐȪȡĤèȡȡfȪ@
ȯȡȣȧȡǔæȡȪǗãĮǙǌȡǒȡ ȡȡȢȡȡȡȡǓåȡȡȡ
ȡǓ ¡ȡȡ ȡ[Đ \Û[ ǕȪǒ ǕǓȪ ¡Ȫȡ åȡȡ ȡ ȡȢ
ȡ[ĐDBIHȡǕȡĤȡàfȪ@Ȫȡȡȡȯȡȯ]ÝȰÛȯ ĥȯ
èȯ Ǔȡ[ȣ ʶȡȡãȡfȪ@ȡȡ[Ȫ ǕÉȡÛȡ¡ Ñȡȡ]_
Ǖ Ȫ]ȡǓȡ[¡ǕȡȯȪ@ ǕȡȪǒǕȯȡ
ȡȪȡȢȡȡȡåȡȡǐè
ǕÉȡÛȡ¡ȪǓȡ[ǕǾfȪ@
ȯȡȡȢȪǒƭȡȡ¡ ǔÛȢfȪ@ ȡȰȡ¡ ǔÛȡ
]æ ȡȱ åèȡ ȣ ȡȱ ȡ¡ ǔÛ [ ]æ ȡȣ Ǘȡ fȪ @
ȡȱ ǔÛfǓȯȡȯ ȡȯ Ǔȡ[ȯ Ȫ]Ûǐȡ[ ĤȪȣ]ȡ
ȡǓȡ[[ Èȯ͕ȯȡȣÚȡȡ¡ȡȢ¡ȡȡȢ]Ûǐȡ[ȡ ʶȡ
¡Ǖ Èȯ ]Ûǐȡ[ȡ¡ȯȡ ȡǒ¡ʷȯ͕ȡǕȡȡȡ ȢǓ[¡Ǿȡ
ȯȡȯ åȡȡǐèǕ j ȡĤ ȡ[ Èȯ fȪ@ ȡȯȡȪ Ǖġ àȪ
Ǘȣ¡Ǖȯ åȡȡȡǓ¡Ǖȯ fȪ@
Ȣ[ȡ¡ȡȡǓ Ǖȡ͕ȪȡȣȡȣȡǑƮ¢ȢåȡȡȡȡǓǒȡȡǋȡ͕
ȯ Ǖ
Ȫȡȡ jȡ ǕɨȪȡ ȣ H ȡȡ ĤȪ [ ǒȯ ¡Ǔ fȪ @
Ȱ ȣȯȡȡȡ[fȡǕ ȡȢȡ ȡ\ǕǓǓfǓ ȡ× ȯ à]`ȡ Èȯ
¡ǓfȪ@
ȯȡȢȢȪȡ¡ àȫȡ¡ȣȣCȯ ǔȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ@ ȡ

ȯȡȪ\Ûȡ[ǒƶåȡȡȡȡǓȢȡȡȡ ȡǕǑġÛȡ¡¡ǾǓȡǔÛ͕
ȯÛȯ͕ǓȡÛǕȡ Ðȡǔȡ ȡ Ȣȡ ǕÉȡ Ûȡ¡¡Ǿ ȡÛȡj͕ã¡ȡ ȡ
Ǔ ȡ× ȯ`ÞfȡQ@
ȯȡȢåȡȡȡȡ[ àǏȣȢȪ]ȡ ǗȢȡ ȡȯ[ȯȡȡǓȡ Ȣ
¡Ǖȯ CGBèǕȪ ǗȢȢ ȡȡ_`Þȡ^fȪ@
ȯȡ ǕȡȢ QDBCDǓǒ¡Ȫåȡȡȡȡ[fȪ@
àȪǓȡ ȱ 7UDGH DQG ,QYHVWPHQW )UDPHZRUN $JUHHPHQƚ fȪ @ Ǔȡ ȱ
Ȫ àÛȢ]ğȡ¡èȡ¢fȪ@

109
]ǗǓ[ȡ`ȪƠȡ Ȳ ¢
ȡ`ȪƠȡ Ȳ¢
Ȱ Ǔ`ȪÊèǕ¡ǾȪ`×ȡ͕åèȡǒĤȡȣ ǕǺ[ȯĚȯ Ǔ

ǓǓȯ ȯȡȡƭ Ȳ èȡȡ_f\ȡ[ȡȡȢȡƭåèȡȡåȡȡàȢ
ʶȡȡ ]fȪ @ȡƭ åèȡ ȡ åȡȡ àȢ Ǔȡ[ ȡƭȡǏȪ ]ǗǓ[
¡ ȡ`Ĥȡǔ Ȳ ȡȪǔĤ×ȯĤȯ ȡàȢȡf`ȡ\×ȡǕǓ
ȪȡǓȡ[ȫǕȡȪȡȪ[ àȡȶȡ[ǕǽfȪ@
ȡƭ åèȡ ȡ åȡȡ àȢ Ǔȯ ȯȡ ȡȡ Ȫǒfȡ Ǖ
[ ¢ȯğ¡Ǿȡ
]Ǔ[[ Ȫȡ àG͕IDBȯȡ ȡãĚȯ ǓǍȾȯ
ǓȡEI¡ȡC CEGBǔÈÛǗǕ ȡȢfȪ@]Ǔ[
[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡDEǕ
[ ǒ¡ȡȣȡ¡ȡȢǔãȡ¡ǾȡH͕FHG
ȯȡƭȡǏǕ ȡȢȣǓĐȧǒǐfȪ@ Ȱȣȯ ȡCIǕ
[ ǒ¡ȡȣ
Ǖ Ǿȡ
ȡ ¡ȡȢ ǔãȡ¡Ǿȡ E͕ICC ȯ ]ȪǓǕƠ Ǘ Ǖ ȡȢ ȣ [
ǕǗãȡǓĐȧǒǐfȪ@
ȡǕ àȡǒƶȡƭ Ǖ¢ȡÖȡ ȡ[ȡƭɇ ȡDC¡ȡJ

GGȯȡƭȡǏȫÏȡ¡ȯȪ@
ȡãĚȯ ǓǍȾȯ ǓȡǓĐȧǒ¡Ǖȯ ]ȪǓǕƠǗȪȡ]ȪǓȪ

Ȣȡ`×ǏǒǓǏ èȡÚȯȡȱ QCKJGJHȡFFDĤǓ¡ȯȪȡ
EĂƚŝŽŶĂů^ƵƌǀĞǇĂŶĚ/ŵƉĂĐƚ^ƚƵĚǇĨŽƌ/ŽĚŝŶĞĞĨŝĐŝĞŶĐǇŝƐŽƌĚĞƌƐ;/ͿĂŶĚǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚǇ
ŽĨ/ŽĚŝǌĞĚ^ĂůƚŝŶEĞƉĂůȪĤǓȯ\Ǖ ȡBFĤǓȡȯ Ȫ@
ȡ[ȣ Ĥȯ ȡȡ ǓǓǏ ǔãȡ¡Ǿȡ èȡȢ `×ȡ¡Ǿ Ǔ Ȣ͕ Ǔȯ ȡ
ȡȡɋȡȡ ¡ȣ ¢ȯğ¡Ǿȡ ǓĐȧ ǒ ^¡ȯȪ @ ȯȡ ȡȪ
ȢǓ\ǕǾȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡĤ×ȯÛȡǓȬǕãEKȯȡǒ
ǐfȪ@
ȡ\Ǖ`ȪƠȡȪǕȡ ȪåèȡȡȡǓ`ȪƠȡȯȪȪȡǓǓȪ ǒ¡
`Ǖȣ[ ÈȯĤȡȡ ǒ¡ȪȪȡ^f ʶȡȡ]fȪ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àC͕EEK[¡ǾȪȡ\ǕȣǓ

ǒǐȶFGF[¡Ǿȡ_ǐȡȡȡǕè¡ȣ ȡȡĒȢƴǐfȪ@
ȡȪ ȪȢ¡ȡȣȯ ǔ \ȯ ʵ à ȯĚȪǓ ȡ^ȡ^ Ǔȡ[ ȡ[ àǏ _
ȡ^ȡ^ȡǓȯ]ȡ¡ǕȡȯȪ@ ȡǓȯȪ]ȡȡȡÊȯȡȡ
ȢfȪ
110
¡ȡ àǕȯĚȪǓÖȡ¢ȡȪEHĤǓǒ¡è ȡĤȯ ȲDED
ĤǓ ǒ¡è ȡ ȡȢ Ĥȯ ȯ jȯ Ȫ @ ȡ[ȣ Ĥȯ ȡ Ǖ Öȡ ¢ȡȪ
fĤǓÛȡÖȡ¢ȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡ[K

K
͗ȯ
ȯĚȪǓȡ[ȪÖȡ¢ȡȡȡȡǏȯ\èȡ
\èȡ
%
%
%
% %
%
%
Ĥȯ Ȳ C Ĥȯ Ȳ D ȡȢĤȯ ÖȧĤȯ

Ĥȯ Ȳ G ȡ[ȣĤȯ ǕǕ ǔƱĤȯ

İȪȬȯȡ]ȡǓ
ǐȡȪ]ȡȡȯȡȡ ȰÛȡȣ]ȡ¡Ǖȯ ȯĚȪǓȡ[ȡǓȯ¡ȯ Ȫ

@ ]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȯĚȪǓ ȡ[Ȫ Ǖ ]ȡÚȯ GJ ĤǓ
Ǔȯ͕CKĤǓȯĚȪ͕CGĤǓfȢȢ¡ȯ Ȫ@ ȰÛȡǒʣȯ
CĤǓ¡ȡ_^ÛIĤǓ]ȡ¡Ǖȯ ȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡ
:
ȡǓȡ
ȯ
ȯĚȪǓȡ[Ȫ]ȡȪǔèǓ
Ȫ]ȡȪǔèǓ
]ȡȪǔèǓ
]ȡȢ
]ȡȢ ǐȡ
ǐȡ DBIBIC
DBIBIC DBICID
DBICID DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH
ȯĚȪ;ǒȣ
Ǔȯ;ǒȣ B
ǒʣȯ ;ǒȣ
fǒ;ǒȣ
fȢȢ;ȯ
\Û;ǒȣ
ǓĐȧ
ǓĐȧ ǐȡ
ǐȡ DBIBIC
DBIBIC DBICID
DBICID DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH
ȯĚȪ;ǒȣ
Ǔȯ;ǒȣ
ǒʣȯ ;ǒȣ
fǒ;ǒȣ
fȢȢ;ȯ
\Û;ǒȣ
İȪȬȯȡ]ȡǓ@
111
9.68 आ"थ$क वष$ 2075/76 को नेपालको ू/े0पत जनस45या २ करोड ९७ लाख ४ हजार
५ सय १ लाई आधार माDदा आ"थ$क वष$ 2075/76 मा ू"तFयिH पेशो"लयम आयातमा
सबैभDदा बढN "डजेल ५७.७ "लटर रहेको छ। पेशोल आयात ू"तFयिH 19.1 "लटर र
एल.पी.जी. ू"तFयिH 14.5 के.जी. रहेको छ।
पय$टन /ेऽ
9.69 अVWतीय ूाकृ"तक एवम् समृZ साँःकृ"तक स]पदाको कारण नेपालको तुलना`मक लाभको
/ेऽको aपमा पय$टन रहेको छ। नेपालका ूाकृ"तक, साँःकृ"तक, जै0वक एवम् मानव "न"म$त
स]पदाहaको संर/ण तथा ूवZ$न गदd नेपाललाई 0वe मानिचऽमा आकष$क, रमणीय र
सुरि/त गDतFयःथलको aपमा 0वकास गनg दNघ$कालNन i0jकोण "लई सन् २०२५ स]ममा
२५ लाख भDदा बढN पय$टकहaको ॅमण गराउने र ८ लाख ९८ हजार रोजगारNको "सज$ना
गनg लआय "लएको छ। यस उpेँय ूा"rको ला"ग सन् २०२० लाई नेपाल ॅमण वष$को
घोषणा गरN २० लाख पय$टक "भsयाउने लआय रहेकोमा कोरोना महामारNको कारण ॅमण
वष$ ःथगन भएको छ।
चाट$ 9(ज) : पय$टक आगमन स45या (हजारमा)
१२००
हवाई माग$वाट ःथल माग$बाट
१०००
८००
६००
४००
२००
०
२०६६ २०६७ २०६८ २०६९ २०७० २०७१ २०७२ २०७३ २०७४ २०७५ २०७६
ॐोतः सं ःकृ"त, पय$टन तथा नागvरक उwयन मDऽालय, 2076

िjFयः हरे क वष$को जनवरNदे िख "डसे]बर स]मको तyयाz समावेश गvरएको छ। ःथलमाग$बाट "भ"ऽने भारतीय
पय$टकलाई यसमा समावेश गvरएको छै न।
9.70 0वगत दश वष$को अव"धमा आ"थ$क वष$ 2072/73 मा नेपालमा पय$टन आगमनमा केहN
कमी आएको "थयो। तर पय$टन आगमनको स45या ब|दो दरमा रहेको छ। आ"थ$क वष$
2075 पुषदे िख 2076 पुषस]मको अव"धमा ू"त पय$टकको सरदर बसाइ अव"ध १३ Vदन
रहेको छ ।
112
ȡ[Ȭ

͗ȯ Ǿȡ
Ǿȡ
Ǿȡ[]
] ÌÉȡ
ȡ
¡ȡȡ

¡ȡȡ

İȪȬ Ȳ èǙǓ[ȡȡǐ`ʨÛğȡ
QDBCKȡǕ[\Ȫ ÌÉȡȯ Ǿȡ ȰÛȡȣ[]`ȯ

Ǖ ¡ǾȡĐȬȡDCDĤǓ͕ȢCFDĤǓ͕\ȯǐȡIJĤǓ͕
ȡȱǕ
ȯȡ GC ĤǓ ĮȢȲ ȡ FI ĤǓ ¡ȯȡ Q@ Ȣ ȯ ¡Ǿȡ ]fȡ
[¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡǕ[ ÌÉȡȪǐGEĤǓ¡ȯȪ@\ǔãȪ[
Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȪǕȡȡȡȡȯȡ]`ȯ[GHĤǓȯǙǒƨfȪȯ
Ȣȡ]`ȯ [Ȫ ÌÉȡȡCCĤǓȯ ǙǒƨfȪ@× Ȱ ȣ\ȯǐȡ
ȯȡȡȯȡ]`ȯ [Ȫ ÌÉȡȡǕȰ ǐ[fȪȰ ȯ ĮȢȲ ȡȡ
]`ȯ[Ȫ ÌÉȡȡȯCDĤǓȯȢ]fȪ@
ȯȡȪ ȣ ħ ǐȯ ÛåȪ Ǿȡ ǕǔàȢ ¡ȯȪ @ Q DBCK ȡ CI
ȡ IK ¡ȡ JH ȡȯ ×¡ȡȱ ħ ȯ ȡ Q@ Q DBCJ ȡ CG ȡ CI
¡ȡC ȡȯǕǔàȢħȯ ȡǓf@ QDBCKȡǕǔàȢħȶȡ
ȯȡȣIKĤǓ͕ȡȢCCĤǓ\ÛǕǗȡȡǐCBĤǓ¡ȯ ȡ
Q@ [Ȫ Ǖȡȡ [ ǕǔàȢ ħ ȶ [Ȫ Ǖ ÌÉȡ DE
ĤǓȯȯ Ȫ@ QDBCKȡǕǔàȢħȶȪȡȢ[Ȫ]ȡ
Ǖ ȡ]`ȯ [Ȫ ÌÉȡCĤǓȯ ǙǒƨfȪ
ĤǓȯ ȯİȪǕ
@
113
ȡ[Ȭ

ħȪ`Ƨȯæ\Ǖ
\Ǖ ȡ
ȡ[
]
%

%
%
%
ȪÛ ȡğȡ[ȡȪ¡ Ȣ[ȡğȢ \Û

İȪȬ Ȳ èǙǓ[ȡȡǐ`ʨÛğȡ@
Q DBCK ȡ ȯȡ ħȡ ]fȡ [¡ǾÚȯ ȪʷȪ `Ƨȯæȡ ]ȡȡ
]`ȯ [Ȫ ÌÉȡ HG ĤǓ ĤǓ @ × Ȱ ȣ ȡğȡ[ȡȪ¡͕
Ȣ[ȡğȡ\Û`Ƨȯæȯȯȡħȡ]`ȯ[Ȫ ÌÉȡĐȬCIĤǓ͕
CFĤǓFĤǓĤǓ¡ȯȪ@
ȯȡ ȡȯHGBBȢÛȡȡǓȡǒ¡ȡȡ ȪÛȡǕǓȡȯ¡ȣǒ¡ȡȡ
ȯȡ[ȡȪ¡ Ȳ ȯȪãȣ`ȡ`Ȱ ]fȡQ@ QDBCKȡǕǽȪ
ȡȪãȣ ÌfȪ@\ǔãȪ[èȪȪãȣǽȪ
ȡ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡ

ȡǓȡ
͗

Ĥȯ \Ǖ ȡ
ȡ
[ȡȪ¡ȡĤȡƯȪãȣ
QDBCK
DBCK
ǽȪȡ

ǽȪȡ
ȯȡ ȡȡ ȯȡ[ȡȪ¡ Ȳ ȡ
Ĥȯ àȡ
àȡ ĤǓ
ĤǓ
Ì

Ì

Ĥȯ Ȳ C GCDD CBJC HDBE KBFE
ȡȢ BBJ BEJ BFH BHJ
Öȧ GDD BGJ GJB JFG
ȡ[ȣ BDK BBB BDK BFE
ǕǗǔƱ BBC BBB BBC BBD
àȡ GHJE
GHJE CCII
CCII HJHB
HJHB CBBBB
CBBBB
İȪ͗ Ȳ èǙǓ[ȡȡǐ`ʨÛğȡ@
Q ȡ Ĥȯ Ȳ C \Û[ȡ ǒ¡ȡȡ Ǖ ȪãȣȪ KB ĤǓ
ÖȧĤȯ ȡǒ¡ȡȡĤǓȪãȣ ÌfȪ@èȪȪãȣȪ
ȣCJĤǓȯȡ[ȡȪ¡ Ȳ ȯ`Ȫȷ ]fȪ@
Q DBCJ ȡ [ȡȪ¡ Ȫ ÌÉȡ CKCB ¡ȯȪȡ Q DBCK ȡ CKDC
ǕȯȪ@ Q DBCJȡ[ȡȪ¡ȣ¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡ¡ȯȪȡ Q DBCKȡ
ȯǒ¡Ȣ_J¡ȯ Ȫ@
114
]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡȯȡ[ȡ¡ȪåèȡĤǓƵȡȡȰǔ¢
Ȫ[[FDBȡ\ÛȡǓ[D͕GEKǔƠfȪ@ Ȱ ȣȯȡ
[Ȣ Ĥǔ¢ ĤǓƵȡȡ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH Ȫ Ǖ à CCB ȡ [Ȣ
Ȱǔ¢Ȫ[\ÚQȯJGIåǔƠ¡Ǿȡ_[ ȱ àǔÛǒǓǏǒȡȡ
ȡǓǑfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ ȡȡèȪ ¡Ȫ ÌÉȡ CDK ¡ȯȪȡ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȪ\ǓȡK_¡ȡ à Ȫ ÌÉȡCEJǕȯȪ
@× Ȱ ȣȡȡèȪȡ¡ȯ Ȫ[èȣ¡Ȫȡǐ Ȫ[ Ȫ ÌÉȡ]Ǔ[
[ DBIGIHȡfȪȡ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡDH
_ Ȫ ÌÉȡCǕȯȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡȡȡèȪ¡ȪȪȰáȡȪ ÌÉȡCC¡ȡC FH
¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡ_CE¡ȡD
Ȱáȡ ǕȯȪ ȯ ȡȯ ¡Ȫ ȡ¡ȯ [èȣ ¡Ȫ͕ ȡ ǐ Ȫ[Ȫ Ȱáȡ
ÌÉȡ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ DK ¡ȡ I CB ¡ȯȪȡ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡ_EB¡ȡI KKǕȯȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIGIH àȡ[ǒȡȡȡ[fȡ ȡǕȡǒ¡Ȫèȯ ȡ
C ȯ ʶȡȡ ¡ȯ Ȫȡ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ EJK
ȡǕȡǒ¡Ȫèȯ ȡȯ ʶȡȡ¡ȯȡQ@
]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡEGBJĚȡfȯÛ Ȣȡ[fȪȡ]Ǔ[[DBIHII
ȡǕ àȡCID_EǕȯȪ@]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡDHFK
Ěȯ ǒfȯÛ Ȣȡ[fȪȡ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȡǕ à_
ǕȯȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ IE Q ȡÝȣ fȯÛ Ȣ ȡ[ fȪȡ DBIHII
ȡǕ àȡ J _ JC ǕȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ II [
ȡȡȡ ȯȡå ȡȡ[fȪȡ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȡG_JDǕȯȪ
@
]Ǔ[[ DBIGIH àȡǕ ȡ_\ǕǓğȡȣȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[
[ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ IF _ ǕȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIGIHȡ¡ȡ Ěȯ ǒȡ_\ǕǓğȡȣȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[
[DBIHȡǕ àȡ_CI¡ȡH DGǕȯȪ@
115
]ȡ ȡ ¡ȣǒȡ ȡȡȡ
]ȡ ȡ ¡ȣǒȡ ȡȡȡa
ȡȡȡaȡ[

ȢĦ ¡ȣ ȡ`ȱȡǓȡ¡ǽ Ȫȯ ȡȱ ȡǓȡ¡ǽȪ Ȫȡ fȡ ȡ
ȯȡȪ ¡ȣ ¢ȯğȡ Ȫȡ ȶ ÌÉȡ HDD ĤǓ ǕȯȪ @ ¡ȣ
Ǘȡ[ȡȪ Ǔȡ[ȯ Ǔ ǓfȪ @ ȡȣ ȢǓ ȡ ȡ[Đ¡Ǿ ȡȡ
Ȳ ¢ȡ ȯǔÛġ fȡ Q@ ȡȡȰğȢ ǒȡ Ȣȡȯ ĤȡǓȡ ȡ`Ȱ
fȪ @ ǒƭǕ `×ȡ ȯ ȱȰ `Ȫȡ Ǚǒƨ fȪ @ ǒƭǕȪ ¡Ǖȱ ǕȯȪ
ÌÉȡ ȯ Ȫ @ ÕȪ ȢȢ aȡ[Ȫ `Ȫȡ Ȱ Ǔ Ȣȡ ¡
fȪ@
¡ȣǒȡ
¡ȣǒȡ
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ à ¡ȣǒȡ ȡ[Đ\Û[ȡ_ȯȡ

DCȡǓȡ¡ǾȡHBǒȢ ȡȪğȯ ǒȢȡȡǓȡ[ȡ[
àǏ fȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ ȡ[Đ \Û[ ȡ_ȯȡ
ǒǓǏDBȡǓȡ¡ǾȡǕCCCǒȢ ~ DCDǒȢȡȡ~E ȡ[

^ǽȡ~Ǔ ƨȡ[ȣȪǓȡ[ȡ[ àǏfȪǓȪ@
ȡ ]ȡ ȡ[Đ \Û[ ǒǏ ȪȪÛǕ ȡ ȢȡÛǙ [Ȫ ȡǓ EK
¡ȡ ]ȡ fȡ_ Ǔȡ[ ȡ[ àǏ [ Ĥȯ ȡ¡Ǿȡ_ [ \Ǖȡ
`Þȡ^fȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡ Ǖǔ¢ ȡǐ ]ȡ ȡ[Đ \Û[ ȫ fȡ
KFFD ȡĒȡ¡ȣ Úȯ ȡǕ àȡ HKCB ȡĒȡ¡ȣ ȱ \Ǖȡ àȫȡ
_JBG]ȡ ^ȡ_ȪǓȡ[ȡ[ àǏfȪ@
ȡǓȡ ¡ȣ¢ȯğȡǕèȣǗȡ[ȡǓȡ[ȶĐȡ ¡ȣǒȡ \Û[
ȡȡɋ `×ȡǓğ EB ǒȢ ǒèȡ ȡ[ àǏ fȪ @ ȡȡɋ
`×ȡȪ ßȡȪ Ǿȡ ¡ȯȪ ȡȢ~ Ȫ¡ȡ~ ^ÍǕ Ȣ~ ǽġȢ~ ǒçǕȢ~
¡ǕÛȯ ÉǕȪȡ ȡȡ ȣ¡Ǿ ĤǕǕƠ ȡ`ȯ `Ƨȯæ \ǕǾ
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕǒ¡ȡ àȡDGǒȢ~GǒȢ
EǒȢÛǓȡ[ àǏfȪ@
]ȡȢDB[ \Ǔȡ_ȡǏ Èȯ ȣȢÑȯȡÑ`¡ȡȡǓȡȡ

fȧǙȪ¡ȰȡåèȡȯÛġȪǓȡ[ àǏfȪ@
116
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ǒȡ Ȣʷ Ǔ ȡ[~ ȯȡʷ
Ǖȡ ȣ ǒȢ ¡ ȡȣ~ ǒȢ ǕȡǓȡ[
àǏfȪ@¡ȡ àǒȢ ¡ȡȣ~ǒȢǒȢ
ǕȡǓȡ[ȡ[ àǏfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ȡȱ ¡ ȡ[Đ \Û[ ǕȾ~
ȫ¡ȡȣ~ ǕĨ
ȯ Û ȡ~ ȡ~ ǒǑ~ ÛǕ~ ǕǓ[ȡǍ~ ȰȯȢãȤ~ ȡ ȡ[ȣ
ȡȱȯȡEBǒȢ Ǔȡ[ȡ[ àǏfȪ@ ȡȰ7UDQV+LPDOD\D
7UDLO ȡ ȶ ǕÈȡ~ èȡĥǕȯ Ȣ~ Ȫ Ȫ~ Ǔ ǓȪ ȡ[Ȣ ȣ G ȡȱ ¡¡ǾȪ
àȡåȡ\Úȶȡ[^¡ȯ Ȫ@
]Ǔ[ [ ȡ Ȳ Ȣ Ȳ ~ Ĥȯ ĤǕ ȡ ǕÉÛğȢȡ ȡǓ
]ȡ ȡ à[ȡȡ[~ĤȡÛğȢ ȡȣ]ȡ ÛğȢ]ȡ ȪǓȡ[ȡ[
ǕǾfȪ@
ȡȡȡ
ȡȡȡȡǕ
ȡȡǕǐ[

ȡǕ ǐ[ȡ Ȫǔȡ_ ÛǗȢ ȶ `Ƨȯæ\ǕǾ ȡǒƶ ȡǕ ǐ[
ȢǓ DBIH èȢǙ _ ȡȡ[Ûȡ ]fȪ @ èȡȢ ¡¡Ǿȡ ]]ÝȪ
¢ȯğȡ ȡǕ ǐ[ȡ ǓǒǓȡ_ ]Ûǐȧ [ èȡȢ \ǕǕ
ȡ[ȪȡȪ ȡȡ èȢǙ ȣ ȡȡ[Ûȡ ]fȪ @]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII
Ȫ ȡǕ à DCI èȡȢ \ǕǕȡǕ `×ȡȢ ǒȡ Ȫȡ
ȡȡ[Ûȡ¡ȯȡQ@
ȡ ȡȡ Ûğȡ~ ȡ ȫ ǒ£ȡ ǒȡ ^Ǔ Ȫȯ ȯ Ȫ
\Úȯ ȡǕÛ Ȫǔȡ ȡ ¡ȯ [ ȯȡȪ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȪ
CG ĤǓ ȯ ǔ DB ĤǓ ȪÈ ȡȢ ¡Ǖȯ \Ú ĤǓȯȯ ȯ ȡfȪ @ `Ơ
ĤǓȯȯ Ǖ bǕȡ ȰÛȡ ȣ BBGJ ǓĒȢ ȯǔã ǒĤ Ǖ bǕȡ
ȰÛȡ BBGC ǓĒȢ ȯǔã k ȡ BBGH ǓĒȢ ȯǔã ĤǓ [ȡ
ȯ ȡĐȯ Ȫȯ ȡfȪ@ ȡȰȡ[ȪȡǓDHĤǓȯ ǔJCD
ĤǓȯǙǒƨ¡Ǖȯ ȯ ȡfȪ@
¢ȯğȪȡ[åȡȡȡ ¡ȡȢȫ¡~ȡȡ~ ȡ[~ǔ~Ǖ~ȡ Ȣ~ǽÛȯ ¡ȣ~

ǒèǕ~ ȡǍ~ ȡȱȯ~ Ǒ[ȡ~ Ȱȡȣ ʶǕ ǔãȡȪ ȡ[ `× [ ÛǗȢ
ȡ[Đȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ@
117
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ DKIDI ¡ȯÈ Ǘȡȡ ȡȡ Ǖǽ×ȡȡ ȡǓ
Ǚ¢ȡȪ ǐfȪȡ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à ¡ȯÈ Ǘȡȡ
ȡȡǕǽ×ȡȡȡǓEGBBǙ¢ȡȪfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ ȡǕ \ǕǕȡ Ĥȡ ¡Ǿ ȡ[ HHC ǕȡǐfȪ
Ǖã¡Ȫ~C ȫ[ aȡ[ȡȡȯȡȢȡǓ Ȳ ȡ^CGFBȡ Ȣ ȫ[ aȡ[ ȡ_
DDID Ǖȣ Ĥ×¢ Ǿȡ ȡȡǔÛ fȪȡ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ
ȡǕ àȡGFB ǕȡǐfȪ Ǖã¡Ȫ~DHIȡ Ȣ ȫ[aȡ[ȡ_DKIǕȣ
Ĥ×¢ǾȡȡȡǔÛfȡQ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ ~ Ǖȡ Ȣȯ Ûġȡ ȡǕ Ǖè ȡ
ȯÛġ¡Ǿ èȡȡ fȡ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à ȯ ȡǕ
ǕèȡȯÛġ¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡDKǕȯȪ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȯ ǔȡǕ ĤǕȡȯ ȡ [ ȡȡȡǐȡ_ ǗȡĤȡ¡

[ ȡȡȫ `×ȡ Ǔğ Ƥȡ[~ ȢǕȣ~ ¡ fȡÛǕȡ ȡ ȡȡȫ
ȡǒ¡Ǔ ȡ~ȪȡǕȡ$LU4XDOLW\'DWD'LVSOD\%RDUGèȡȡfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ǒǓǏ EF ]ȪȡȪ ȡȡȢ Ĥȡ
Ǘãȡǋ àǏfȪ@
aȡ[
ȡǕ à ĤǓ ÌÉȡȡ ǒƭǕȪ ¡Ǖȱ Ǖ
ȯ Ȫ @ I
\ ȡ à ǒƭǕȪ ¡Ǖȱ ǕȯȪ ÌÉȡ JJ ĤǓ ǓȪ@ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIHII ȡǕ à ǒƭǕ `Ȫ ȶ Ēȡ¡Ȫ ÌÉȡ FC ȡ GG ¡ȡ H
FBǕȯȪ@
ȡǓȡCB
ȡǓȡCB
CB
͗ ¡ǕȱȪǒ
Ĥȯ ǒƭǕ¡Ǖ Ȫǒ

Ĥȯ

Ĥȯ ȲC

Ĥȯ Ȳ
ȡȢ
Öȧ
Ĥȯ ȲG
ȡ[ȣ
ǕǗǔƱ
ȡ
ȯȡ

İȪȬȯȡǒƭǕĤȡǓ͕ ΎȡǕ à
118
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àǕǒƭǕ`×ȡ]Ǔ[[
àȪȯȡȡȪǕȡȡĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ_CEGGȯȡȡǕȯȪ
@ Úȯ ǒƭǕȡ CDEE ȯȡȡ [ ÜȡÛ `×ȡǑ ǒƭǕ G
ȯȡȡȡȰǔãaȡ[ȡHJȯȡȡ`×ȡfȪ@
ȯȡ ǒƭǕ ĤȡǓȪ èȡǓ×ȡ ÑȡǓ ǒƭǕ ǐȪȡȡ HEG ȯȡȡ
ǓȢ ¢ȯğȡ ÑȡǓ ǒƭǕ ǐȪȡȡ HGC ȯȡȡ ǒƭǕ ȡǒƶ ĒȢȡ
ȡfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ȯȡ ǒƭǕ ĤȡǓ ȡ ¡ȡ
àȢ¡Ǿ ȡ ǓȢ ¢ȯğȡ ÑȡǓ ǒǓÛ ǒƭǕ ]Ȫȡȡ CKDK
ȯȡȡǒƭǕ`×ȡfȪ@
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȡǕ àFDG ǒ[ǒȪǓĤ ȡȡ^Cȡ
FI¡ȡK FGǒȪǓǒȡ^ǒèȡfȪ@[ȪȡǕ
ǒ¡ȡ à Ĥ ȡ ȡ^ EKBJ ǒ[ ǒȪǓ ǒ ȡ^ C ȡ FG
¡ȡD GFǒȪǓǕȯȪǓȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ ȡȡ DJCEBI Ǔȡȡ Öȡ ȡȪ ǒƭǕ
]ȡ fȪȡ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [ ÖȰ ]ȡȯ ȣ CFHJII Ǔȡȡ Öȡ
ȡȪ ǒƭǕ ]ȡ fȪ @ ǒƭǕȪ ]Ûǐ `×ȡȡ Ǚǒƨ f ȱȰ
ȡȡ]ȡ¡Ǖȯ ǒƭǕȪȡȡȢ¡ǕȰ fȪ¡Ȫ@ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ ǒƭǕȪ
ȡ]ǗǓ[ȡ ÛǕȡfȪ@
ȡ[CB
CB
͗ǒƭǕ
ǒƭǕȡ]ǗǓ[ȢȪ\Û
ȣȡ
ȢȪ\Û
ȣȡȯ
ȣȡȯȡȡȡ
ȡȡȡ
İȪȬȯȡǒƭǕĤȡǓ *ȡǕ à

119
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH \ ȡ àȪ ǒƭǕ `×ȡ ¢ȡȡ ]ȡȡ ȰÛȡ
ȣÖȧĤȯ Ȫ GEKFEȯȡȡ¡ȯȪ ȯ ȰÛȡȡ[ȣĤȯ Ȫ
ȯȡȡ@Ĥȯ ȲDȡ¡ȡ àǕȰǓǒƭǕ]Ȫȡ¡Ǿ Ñȡȡ
]fȡȰ Q@
ȡǓȡCB
ȡǓȡCB
ǕǒƭǕ`×ȡ
CB
͗ `×ȡ
`×ȡ

ȯȡȡ
ȡȡ

]Ǔ[[
]Ǔ[[
Ĥȯ
Ȫ
Ȫ Ǖàȡ
àȡ
à
à

ȡǕ à
Ĥȯ ȲC CEHCK
Ĥȯ ȲD BBB BBB
ȡȢ FBBJJ
Öȧ GCKJE
Ĥȯ ȲG DDCE
ȡ[ȣ HDG
ǕǗǔƱ FEFE
àȡ
àȡ CCDJ
CCDJIC
IC

İȪȬȯ
ȡǒƭǕĤȡǓ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH \ ȡ à Ǖ ǒƭǕ `×ȡ ȯȡȡ
¡ȯȪȡ ]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ Ȱǔã aȡ[ ȡ¡ȯ CBFEK
ȯȡȡǒƭǕ`×ȡ_ǕǒƭǕ`×ȡCDȯȡȡǕȯȪ
@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ

]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȡǕ
DBIHIIȡǕ à àǏ
à àǏfȡ
fȡǒƭǕ]Ȫȡ
]Ȫȡ
]Ȫȡ
¢ȡ
ǒȡ èȡ Ĥƨ[
ãȪ¡ȯ ȡȪȡ
DDCBB ȡȱ ȡ`Ûȯ ¡ȡ^ĜȪȯȡĤȡǓ
Ȫ\Ȫȯ Ȫȡ
KKI Ȫȡ[ ǕǓ^Ûȡ^Ȫȯ ÛȡàȢĤȡǓ
\ȹ
IBBB ȡèȧ Ǘ ȡ^ȯ ^ǑȹfÖ]Ȣ¡ȡ^ĜȪȡĤȡǓ
^ȡȪȡ
KKBB Ǖ
ȡÜȯ Ǎ ȡ^ȡǍ¡ȡ^ĜȪȡȯ ȯÖàȢǓ
\ȫȡ
JBBB ȡǕ[ ȡ \ǒȡàȢĤȡǓ
ȡȯȣȢC DGBBB ȡȱ \ǽȡȯ ȣ
Ǖȣȡ ȡȡǒƭǕ
KKH ȡǍ ǍǕȪȡ¡ȡ^ĜȪȡĤȡǓ
]Ȫȡ

ÙȪȡ
FJBB Ȱ ȯ ȪãȣȡàȢĤȡǓ
ǽȣȢ
HHBB àǕǍȡèȧ ǒÛƭȡǓ Ȣ¡ȡ^ĜȪȡȯ ȯÖàȢĤȡǓ
ȯ àȣȪȡ
GBBB àȡÊȣ ȯ àȣ¡ȡ^ĜȪ
Ǖȯ ȡȢȯ İȪ
CFBBB ȡǕ ȯȡǒƭǕĤȡǓ
àȡ
àȡ
ȡ`Ûȯ ¡ȡ^ĜȪȯȡĤȡǓ
ȡĤȡǓ
İȪȬȯȡǒƭǕĤȡǓ
120
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à ȡ[ȣ Ĥȯ ȡ ȡǓȡ EJ
ȡ`ȱȡǓȡ ȡ ǕǗǔƱ Ĥȯ ȡ H ȡǓȡ DG ȡ`ȱȡǓȡ ȡ¡ȯ Ȱ
èȡȢ¡ȡǒƭǕȪ¡ǕȱǕȯȪ@
ȡǓȡCB
ȡǓȡCB
CB
͗
Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡ȡ ȱ Ȫ\èȡ
èȡȢ¡ȡǒƭǕ¡ǕȪ\èȡΎ
Ĥȯ Ǖ[ ¢ȡȡǒƭǕ¡ǕȱǕȯȡ ]Ȳǔ ¡Ǖȱ

¢ȡȡǒƭǕ¡Ǖ ǒƭǕ¡ǕȱǕȯȡèȡȢ
ȡèȡȢ¡
¡
¡
èȡȢ¡
èȡȢ¡
¡ Ǖ
ȯ ȡèȡȢ¡
ȡèȡȢ¡
¡
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ ȡȱ`ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ ȡȱ`ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ ȡȱ`ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ
Ĥȯ Ȳ DF CB DG GF B DF
Ĥȯ Ȳ I H HJ GG B B
ȡȢ CB G EG HC B J
Öȧ DB DF I DJ B H
Ĥȯ Ȳ CK DC CI FG B I
ȡ[ȣ B B CJ DB E EJ
ǕǗǔæ B B DJ DK H DG
àȡ JB
JB HH
HH CKJ
CKJ DKD
DKD K CBJ
CBJ
İȪȬȯȡǒƭǕĤȡǓ ΎȡǕ à
ǒƭǕ Ǖ¡ȡ ǓÛğȡ ȡǓ \à ǐfȡ Ĥȡ ¡ǾȪ Ĥȡȡǐȡ ǒƭǕȡ
Ǖȡȡȡ¡ǾȪǒèȡȡȱĚȡÛ [ȡǓǓè\Ǖȡȡ
ǒƭǕ Ǖ¡ȡ ǓÛğ ¡ǕȱȰ fȪ @]Ǔ[ [ ȡ ǒƭǕ Ǖ¡ȡ
ĤǓ¡ȯ ȪȡȡǕ]Ǔ[[ĤǓȡȯ Ȫ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à ǒƭǕ Ĥ ȡ ȡ^ \Û[ ȪȢ ȪǐȪ
ȯȢ ȪǕ ȪǐȪ CED ȯȢ Ǔ Ȳ ȣ ȡȪ ȡȱǕ ȯȢ ȯǓȡ
èȡ`ȯ \ƣǐȡ ȯȢ ȡȣÖȧ DDB ȯȢ èȡ[Ìȣȡȡɋ DDB
ȯȢ Ĥȡ ȡ^ ȡ \Û Ȫãȯ èȡ Ĥ ȡ ȡ^ ǒèȡ[ H
]Ȫȡ¡ǾȪJHG ǒ[ ǒȢÚȯ DHCG ǒ[ǒȢǓȡ[ȡ[ àǏ
fȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à ȯȡ ǒƭǕ ĤȡǓ ȡ ǓȢ ¢ȯğȡ
ǒƭǕ àȢ¡Ǿ\Û[Ǔȡ[¡Ǖȯ CGEJȯȡȡǓ¢ȡȡȡ
CKǒƭǕ]Ȫȡ¡Ǿȡ_ǒƭǕ`×ȡȪ ȶ¢\ǕǓğȡȣfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡǕ àȡ ǕDF ¡ȡ I DFȯȡȡ ¢ȡ
ȡȡǒƭǕ]ȪȡȡȡǓǒƭǕ`×ȡ\ǕǓğȡȣfȪ@
121
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ Ǖ aȡ[ CFBCF ǓǓ ȯ ǔƠ
¡ȯȪȡ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ Ǖ aȡ[ KEC ǓǓ
ȯǔƠȡǕȯȪ@

]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡǕ à Ǖ aȡ[ ȡ àȡ åȡȡǐ
ȢȢaȡ[ Ȫ\ǕȡĐ ȬHJIĤǓDJĤǓEDĤǓ
¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ àȡ åȡȡǐ ȢȢ aȡ[
Ȫ\ǕȡĐȬHJGĤǓDKFĤǓDCĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@

ȡ[CB
aȡ[ Ȫ\èȡ
ĤǓȡ
CB
aȡ[Ȫ\èȡ
ĤǓȡ

İȪȬaȡ[͕İȪȡǓ ȱȡ_Ûğȡ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à \[Ûğȡ Ȱ ¢ȯğȡ ȣ Ǖ
Ǔȡȡ Öȡ ȡ ǒƭǕ fȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ ȡǒ[
ǕǒƭǕ͕ǓȡȡÖȡȡ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡ

ȡǓȡ
¢ȯğǒƭǕ`Ȫ
ǓȡȡÖȡȡ
`Ȫ
ǓȡȡÖȡȡ
¢ȯğ DBIBIC
DBIBIC DBICID
DBICID DBIDIE
DBIDIE
IDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBIHII
DBIHII
ȡ¡[è

kȪǓ
åȡȡǐ
Ǔȡ[
\Û
àȡ
àȡ

İȪȬaȡ[͕İȪȡǓ ȱȡ_Ûğȡ ȡǕ à
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡǕ à ȡ¡[èØ kƭȪǓ åȡȡǐ \Û ¢ȯğȡ
ǒƭǕ ȡǒ[ k ĐȬ E ĤǓ ĤǓ ĤǓ
ĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@
122
ȡ[
͗

¢ȯğǒƭǕ
ĤǓ

ĤǓ

İȪȯȡǒƭǕĤȡǓ ȡǕ à
]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡȡǒ[Ǖaȡ[ `ÞȡIGGC͘DEǓȡȡÖȡ

ȡ ¡ȯȪȡ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à \[Ûğȡ Ȱ ¢ȯğȡ ȣ Ǖ
GFJǓȡȡÖȡȡȪaȡ[`ÞfȪ@
ȢȢ
ȢȢaȡ[
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡǕ à Ǖ ÌÉȡȪ ǐ CB ĤǓ
ÌÉȡȡ ȢȢ aȡ[ İȪȡ ǒƭǕȪ ¡Ǖȱ ǕȯȪ ȯ EH ĤǓ
ÌÉȡȯǒǓǏĤȪȡèÍȢȢaȡ[ȪĤȪȯ ȡQ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à Ȱǔã aȡ[ \Û[ȡ Ǖ ȡ ȡȡ
ǒƭǕ ]Ȫȡȡ `×ȡǑ IHF ǒȪȡ ȫ[ ȡ ȡǗ aȡ[ȡ GB
ǒȪȡ ȢȢ aȡ[Ȫ ĤȪ fȪ @ Ȫ \Ǔȡ ȡȪÊȡ [ CEKB
ÜȡÛ KJGJ ȫ[ ȯ Ǖ ǒƭǕ Ĥȡȣ ȡ ȡ FJFI ȡ ǕȡǐfȪ ǕȪ
ȡfȪ@
123

CCȫǓǗȡ[ȡȡȡȡȡ
ȡ ȡȡȡȡ Ñ
ȡȡȡȡ Ñ
ȡ
ȡ

Ǖ Ȫ `Í ]Ǔ[ Ǚǒƨ ȢĦ ǒȡ ȡ ȡǓ ȫǓ Ǘȡ[ȡ ȡȡȡ ȡ
Ǖ
Ñȡ ¢ȯğȪ ¡ǂǗ[ ǗǓȡ ¡ȯ Ȫ @ Ǖèǐ ȫǓ Ǘȡ[ȡȪ Ǔȡ[
åèȡȡ Ȫȡȣ Ǔ [ȡ ȡ ǐȢ Ǔȡȡ ¡Ȫ ǕȯȪ @ \ǓȡȲ
ǔãȡ Ǖȡ ȡǒƶ ʷȡȯ ȪǓfȡ Q@ ȡ[Ǔ ȡȡȡ
ʶȡȡ_ åǔè Ĥȡȡȣ ȡ` ȡǒƶ ȡȡ[Ȫ ȡȰ ¡ȣ ¡Ǿ
ǒèȡȪ ȡ[ Ȣĭ Ǿȡ ^¡ȯ Ȫ @ Ȱ ȫ ȡ ʶȡ ¡Ǖȯ ]Ûǐ
ǒȡèȪ ÌÉȡ ȯ Ȫ @ Ǘȡ ĤǒǓȪ ǒȡ ȱȰ ȯ ǓȪ ^Ûȯ
ĤȪȡ[Ȫ ÌÉȡ`ãȯÉȯ Ȫ@
ȫǓǗȡ[ȡȡȡȡ
ȡȡȡȡ
Ǖ ȢǓ èȡȢ ʷȡ

]Ǔ[ [ DBII Ȫ ȡǕ à Ǖ
ȣ ȡȪğȯ G ¡ȡ D GF ǒȪǓ͕ Öȡǔè KDGC ǒȪǓ
ÍȢ JFD ǒȪǓ ȣ Ǖ Ȫ àȡ_ EF ¡ȡ E FI
ǒȪǓǕȯȪ@]Ǔ[ DBIGIHȪ\Û× àCF¡ȡH KG
ǒȪǓ ȡȪğȯ͕ JGKF ǒȪǓ Öȡǔè GKB ǒȪǓ ÍȢ
ȣED¡ȡJ IKǒȪǓ ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ

Ȳ
ȲȡǐfȪ ǒèȡ
ȡǐfȪ ǒèȡ
ǒȪȢȡ
ǒȪȢȡ
ȡ
ǒ DBICID
DBICID DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF DBIFI
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH Ύ
àȡ
ȡȪğȯ CCIKJ CEIBI CFHKG GGK CGDG

Öȡǔè HDJI IDEC JGKF HGI KDGC
ÍȢ KCGB KGKB DGD KJFD
àȡ
àȡ

EBBJJ
EBBJJ EDJIK
EDJIK
EFEFI
EFEFI

İȪȫǓǗȡ[ȡȡȡȡȡÛğȡ ȡǕ à
]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡFFBǒȪǓȡȯ

ȡȱ Ǔȡ[͕CEHE
ǒȪǓÖȡǔèèȡȡKJJǒȪȢȡȪğȯ èȡ èȪǏǓ
fȪȡ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡãǕ àDGDǒȪǓȡȯ ͕HGI
124
ǒȪǓ Öȡǔè èȡ ȡ GGK ǒȪǓ ȡȪğȯ èȪǏǓ fȪ
@
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡãǕ à CGI ǒȪǓ Ȫ ]Ǔ [ àȡ
àǏ fȪ ȯ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ \Ǔȡ ǒȪǓ
]Ǔ[ àȡfȪǓȪ@
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡ ǒȡȡ[CDKǕǓȡ[
àǏfȡ@]Ǔ[[ȡDEBǕǓȡ[fȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡ
ǓãȪȡȱ
ȡǓȡ
ǓãȪȡȱ[Ȫ ǕǒȡǒèȡȪǔèǓ
ȡǒèȡȪǔèǓ
ǒ
ǒ ^ȡ_
^ȡ_ DBIC
DBICID
ID DBID
DBID

BIHII
ȡȱ ǒȢ HFJ KIC FFB DGD

Öȡǔè ǒȢ FBC CECE CEHE HGI
ȡȪğȯ ǒȢ HBC KBF KJJ GGK
[ CFICK CDCBB
ǒȢ JKBJ KDBB

ǓǓ
]Ǔ[ ǒȢ EGB EED EED CGI
ǕǓȡ[
Ǔȡ[ Ȫȡ IE JD DEB CDK
İȪȫǓǗȡ[ȡȡȡȡȡÛğȡ
ΎȡǕ à
]Ǔ[ [ DBII Ȫ ȡǕ à èȡȢèȡ ¡ȡ ǒȢ
Ǔȡ[ fȪ @ Úȯ ȰÛȡ ȣ ȡȢ Ĥȯ ȡ ȰÛȡ ȡ[ȣ Ĥȯ ȡ
Ǔȡ[fȪ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ

Ĥȯ \Ǖ ȡèȡȢ Ȫǒ
ǒȪǓȡ
ȡèȡȢ Ȫǒ
ǒȪǓȡ
Ĥȯ Ȫ\Ȳ

Ĥȯ Ǖ
ȯ ÍȢ Ēȡȯ ȡȪğȯ àȡ

ĤǓ

ĤǓ ×
Ĥȯ Ȳ
Ĥȯ Ȳ
ȡȢ
ȡȢ
Öȧ
Öȧ
Ĥȯ Ȳ
ȡ[ȣ
ȣ
ǕǗǔƱ
ǔƱ
àȡ
àȡ
İȪ͗ ǎȢȡǓȡȡ ȡȡÛĤȡ Ûğȡ@ ΎȡǕ à
ηĤǓ[¢ȯğǒȢ àȡ^@
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à Ĥȯ èȡȢèȡ Ǔȡ[ fȪ
¡ȡ E KG ǒȪǓ Úȯ ȡȪğȯ Ēȡȯ ÍȢ Ȫ \Ȳ
125
ĤǓĤǓĤǓ¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[Ȫ
Ȫ¡ȣ \Ǔ àȡ èȪ \Ȳ ȡȪğȯ ĤǓ Ēȡȯ ĤǓ ÍȢ
ĤǓǓȪ@

ǒȪȢȡ
ȡǓȡ
Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡ȡǓȡ[fȡ Ȫǒ
ǒȪȢȡ
Ȫǒ
Ȫǒ

DBIGI
DBIGI
ǕȯÍȢ EJKFB FDJ
Ēȡȯ CDGCE CDJ

ȡȪğȯ CJGI D
àȡ
àȡ

GEECB
GEECB GI
GI

İȪ͗ ǎȢȡǓȡȡ ȡȡÛĤȡ ÛğȡèȡȢǕ ȡ[ȡǒȡ ΎȡǕ àȪ
]Ǔ[[ǓǓǓ[[ ȣ ǕǽfȪǓǓ[ àȡȡ[ȡ_ǓÛȡǑfȪ
@
èȡȢèȡ Ǔȡ[ fȡ ȡ ȡȪğȯ ¡ȯȪ ȯ ǕȯÍȢ
ȯȰ Q@ Ȫ Ǖè fȡ ÍȢ ¡Ǿ \ Ǖǔ¢ Q@ Ǖǔ¢
Ȫ¡Ǖȱ`ãȯ ȢǾȡǙǒƨ¡Ǖ ȯȪȰ @ ȡȡğȡȪǔǕ ȡȢ
¡ȱȪ¡Ǖȯ ȯ Ȫ@
ȡ[CC
Ĥȯ
CC
Ĥȯ èȡȢ ȪǔèǓΎ
èȡȢ ȪǔèǓ
ǒȪȢ¡ȡȡ

İȪ͗ ǎȢȡǓȡȡ ȡȡÛĤȡ ÛğȡΎȡǕ à@
]Ǔ[[ ȪȡǕ àèȡȢèȡ ʶȡfȡèȡȢǒȡ

ȡ Ǚǒ ǒȡ \Û[ Ĥȡȯ ǔ ȡ èȡȢ ȡ ȰÛȡ ȣ ¡ȡȡ
ĤǓ ȰÛȡǒ¡ȡȡĤǓ ǒèȡfȪ@
ȡǓȡ

ȡǓȡ
ȫȪǓ¢ȯğ\Ǖ ȡèȡȢ
ȡèȡȢ ǒèȡ
ǒèȡ
ǒèȡ ȡǕ à
ȫȪǓ
ȫȪǓ
Ǔ Ĥȡȯ ǔ
èȡȢ
èȡȢ
àȡ
àȡ

ĤǓ
ĤǓ
¢ȯğ
ǒȢ

ǒȢ
ǒȢ

ǒȢ
ǒȢ

ǒȢ
ǒ¡ȡ

¡ȡ
ȡ_
àȡ
àȡ

İȪ͗èȡȢǗȡ[ȡǒȡ ȡǙǒ ǒȡ
126
èȡȢ Ǘȡ[ȡ ǒȡ ȡ[Đ \Û[ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ
ǒȪǓȡȪğȯǒȪǓĒȡȯǒȪǓ]Ǔ[ àȡ
ǒȪǓ ȪǓǓ[ àȡȪȡ àǏfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à ȪǕǍȯ Ǖ Ǔȡ[ àǏ fȪ
Ǖ ȡ ǒǓǏ èȡȡ ¡ȯ ȡ Ǖ_ Úȯ Ȱ Ǖ_ ȪǕǍȯ Ǖȡ ǒèȡ
Ǖ
fȡQ@
ȡ[CC
CC
͗
ȪǕǍȯ ǕȪǒ
Ȫǒ
İȪèȡȢǗȡ[ȡǒȡ ȡǙǒ ǒȡ ΎȡǕ àȪ
ȡǕȢĤǙȡȡ^[ ¡ ȯȡĒȡ¡ȣȰğȢȡ_ȡȡȡ¢ȯğȡ¡ȯȪǓ ǔÖȯȪ

\Û×ȡȡǓàȢgDBHEȡ ȡȯ¢ Ȳ ȪfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH àȡ EG ȡ KC ¡ȡ D DJ ȡȣ ȡ ȡ[
fȪȡȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȡDȡEC¡ȡJ DJȡȱ ȡȣ
ȡ _ ¡ȡ à ȡ[ fȡ ȡȣ ȡȪ ÌÉȡ EJ ȡ DE ¡ȡ C
J ǕȯȪ @ Ǖ ȡȣ ȡ Úȯ Ȫ ȡ_ ĤǓ ȡ
ǔßȡĤǓ\Û ȡĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@]Ǔ[[ à
ȡ[ fȡ ȡȣ ȡÚȯ ȡȪ ÌÉȡ ĤǓ Ȫ ȡ_Ȫ ÌÉȡ
\Û ȡȪ ÌÉȡĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIGIH àȡKȡFE¡ȡJ CD ȡȣȡ\ǕǓ
ğ
_ȯÈĚȪǓ èȡ[ ȡ[ ǒ fȪ ǓȪ ȯ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ
ȡǕ àȡ E ȡ GC ¡ȡ C H _ ȡȣ ȡ \ǕǓğ ǒ
127
fȪ ÌÉȡCDȡKF¡ȡK CJǕȯȪ@]Ǔ[[
àȡèȪ ÌÉȡDȡKG¡ȡC IG¡ȯȪǓȪ@
Ǖ
[ ȡ àÛȢ Øȡǋ \ƭȡǓ ȣ Ǖ
[ ȡȪ ȡ ǒ¡ãȡ`Ȱ ȡȣ
Ǖ
[ ȡÛǗȢȡȡǓ Ǖ
[ ȡ ǗȡåèȡĤȡȣ Ýȯȡȡɋ
`×ȡȡȡɋȢÑǐȪȡȡǗǐfȪ@
Ȱ Ĥȯ ȡȡȢȡ ȡȣ ȡȪ ǒȯ ȣ¢ ȯÛġ èȡȡ ȣ ȡȣ
ȡȪ ]Ǔ Ǿȡ ǒȯ ȣ¢ ȡ`ȯ ê\Ǖ ȡ ȡȢ Ĥȯ Ȫ
¡ȯȫȡȡ ȡȣȣ¢ȡȡ[èȡȡfȪ@
ȡǐ`ʨ
ȡǐ`ʨ
]Ǔ[ [ à ȯȡȡ `ȡ ȶ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ ȡǕ ȯȡȪ ÌÉȡ
¡ȯȪȡ ]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à èȪ ÌÉȡ ǕȯȪ @ Ȱ
ȫ ȡ ʶȡȡ¡ȯǒȡèȪ ÌÉȡEGǕȯȪ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǐ`ʨ àÛȢ
ȡǓȡ
ȡǐ`ʨ àÛȢ Ǘ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
ĤǕ Ǘ ¡Ǿ DBI DBI DBI DBIGH

\Ûȡ[ǒƶ`ȡȶȯ ȡȣ
D
ȡǕ ȯȡàȢȪ ÌÉȡ
ȯȡȡ`ȡȶ\Ûȡ[ǒƶ
DH EB DK
ȡǕ ȯȡàȢȪ ÌÉȡ
ǒƨ¢Ȣ¡ȡ_ ȯ ȡ àȫȡ
E EJ EK
fȡȯ ¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡ
Ǖ^[¡ȡ_Ǔ ÌÉȡ
η JB JB

ȡȡ
]Ûǐ`ȡȶȡǕ ȯȡ
CI CK CK

&ŝǆĞĚнZŽƚĞƌtŝŶŐƐͿȪ ÌÉȡ
\Ûȡ[ǒƶǒȡèȪ ÌÉȡ C C
ȡ¡Ǔ Ȫʷȡ×`ȡ

ȶàȢ¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡ
Ȱȫ ȡ ʶȡ¡Ǖȯ
D EG EG
ǒȡèȪ ÌÉȡ
ʶȡȡ¡ȯ ȡǕ
E
ǒȡèȪ ÌÉȡ
İȪ Ȳ èǙǓ^[ȡȡǐ`ʨÛğȡΎȡǕ àȪ@
Éȡ¡Ưȡȡ_]ȡȡȢǕ_Ƚ¡ȡ_ Ȣ Ì
η`ȡ Ì Éȡȡȶ ĤȪȡȡǓ Ȣ
ĤǓ`ȡȡ_]ȡȡȢȡǐfȪ@ȡǕ ȯȡȪ¢ȡ\Ǖ ȡ Ȣ Ì
Éȡ¡Ǖ Èȯ@
Ǔğ Ǖ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ ǒȡèȪ ȡȡ[ ȡ ʫȡÈ Ȣȡ[Ȫ èȪǏǓ ȶ ȡ[
àǏ fȪ @ ȯȡʷ ǒȡèȪ ǒèȡ ȣ fĤȪȪ Ǔȡ[ ȡ[ àǏ
128
fȪ @ ǒǓǏ J ]Ûǐ ǒȡèȪ ȡȡ[ ȡȪğȯ ȶ ȡ[ àǏ
fȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à ȡǒƶ ȫȡ ]Ȫȡȡ Ǿȡ ¡ȯ Ȫ
ȫǕƨ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ ǒȡèȪ Ǔȡ[ ȡ[ ĤǓ Ȫȡ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ
ǒȡèȪ Ǔȡ[ ȡ[ ĤǓ àǏ fȪ @ ȫǕƨ ǒȡè
\ ȡǒ¡ȡȯ ǔ Ñȡȡãȡ`ȯ ê¡ȯȪȡǒƳåȡȢȪǓCKȪ
Ȳ ĐȯǓȯǓfȪ@
¡ȡ_ ȯȡȡ_ ȣ Ⱦ Ǖǔ¢ ȡ` Ûġȣ ȣ Ǖ
ǒȡèȡ Ǘ`Ē¡ȡ ]ȡǐ ȡǕȡ \ Ĥȡȣ ȡǕ fȪ @¡ȡ à
Ǖ IǒȡèȡȪĤȡȣȡǗfȪ@
Ǖ
Ǖ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ ǒȡèȡ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ `ȡ[ ȡğǕ
Q ȡ Ǔğ
]ȡȪ ÌÉȡ FE ȡ FD ¡ȡ F JH ¡ȯȪȡ Q ȡ Ȫ
ÌÉȡ ĤǓȯ _ ȡ ¡ȡ F ¡ȯȪ @ Q
ȡ]Ûǐ`ȡ[ȡğǕ ]ȡȪ ÌÉȡECȡJJ¡ȡF
IK¡ȯ Ȫ@
^ȡǕãȢȡǒȡèǓȡ[ àǏ_ȣ¢ `ȡ¡Ǖȯ Đȡ¡ȯȪ@
\ȡ[ȡȱȢjǕȲ ȡȪǔȢÖȯƳȣȡǒȡèǓȡ[^¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȯ ȡȡȡ
ȡȡȡ
ȡȡȡ
ǕǑ[ȡ ǒȢ ȯ ȡ[Úȯ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ
ȡǕ àǒȪǓȯ ȡ[ȪǓȡ[ àǏfȪ@
\ ȡ à Ǒ[ȡ Ǔ ȯ ȡ[Ȫ Ǒ[ȡ ȡÛȣ ÖȪ ǒȢ
¢ȯğȪ Ěȡ ȯÚȯ ǒȢ Ȫ Ǔȡ[ fȪȡ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ
ȡǕ àǒȢĚȡȯǓȡ[ àǏfȪ@
ȯȢ¡ȡȡȣǒƭǕȢȯ ȡ[ KFGǒȢ
ǓȲ ǒ¡CBGHǒȢͿȪ]Ǔ[
[ȡǕ àȡǒèǙ\ÚĤǓȯȡfȪ@
129
ȡǓȡCC
ȡǓȡCC

CC
ȯ ȡ[Ěȡȯ
ĚȡȯȪǒ
Ȫǒ
Ȫǒ
ȡǕ à
ǒ
DBIHII
DBIHII
HII
àȡ
àȡ
ȯ ȡ[Ǔȡ[
ǒȢ

ǒȢ

ǒȢ FB
Ěȡ
ĚȡȯǓȡ[
ǒȢ

ǒȢ

ǒȢ
İȪȬȯ ǒȡ ΎȡǕ à
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ȯǽǍȡɋ ȢÑȡȡɋ
ȯ ȡ[ȪǗ[ àȡåȡ\Úȡ[ àǏfȪ@
ȡǒƶȫ
ȡǒƶȫȡ
ȡ ]Ȫȡ
]Ȫȡ¡Ǿ
]Ȫȡ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
Ú¡ȡȢ
ǕçȡȪȡ[
ǒȢ\Û[]Ǔ[[ ȡ
CFB ǒ Ȣ ȡȪğȯ CJH ǒ Ȣ ĒȡȯȪ ȡ[ àǏ fȪ ȯ
]ȪȡȪ ]Ǔ[ [ BII à Ǖ àȡ_Ȫ ǒȢ
ȡȪğȯȡ èȪǏǓ fȪ @ `Ơ Ȫȡ[Ȫ Ǖ Ǖ Úȯ HI ǕȪ
Ǔȡ[ àǏfȪ@
¡Ǖȡȧ ȡȡ[ ]Ȫȡ

ǒǓ \Û[ ]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ
ȡǕ à ǒ Ȣ ȡȪğȯ DBB ǒȢ ĒȡȯȪ ȡ[
àǏ fȪ @ ¡Ǖȡȧ ]Ȫȡ ǕǾ ȯ ǔ ¡ȡ à DIB ǒ Ȣ
ȡȪğȯǒȢĒȡȯGǕȪǓȡ[ àǏfȪ@
`ƣ ǔ¢ Ȫȡ[ \Û[ ȡȣÖȧ ȪǐȪ

ǒȢ Ȫ ]Ǔ[ [
Ȫ\Û× àFCǒȢȯȡĒȡȯȡDǕǓȡ[ àǏ
fȪ @ Ǖ FEG ǒȢ ÖȪ Ěȡ Ȫãȯ ȡ[ àǏ fȪ @
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à ȡȣÖȧ ȪǐȪȪ ȯȢȪ ȪȪȡ GJ
ǒȢ ȰȡȪȡàȣȡǕ Ǎȡ CC ǒȢ Ēȡȯ ȡ G ǕȪ Ǔȡ[
àǏfȪ@
ȡ[ȣȪǐȪ
ǒȢ\Û[]Ǔ[[ Ȫ\Û× àȡ
ǒȢ Ěȡ Ǔȡ[ ǒȢ ȫȡ ȡ Ǖȡ ȶ ȡ[ àǏ fȪ
@ȪȪǐȪ\Û[Ȫǒ¡ã ȡǓ ȪÖȪǗȡĚȡǓȡ[ àǏfȪ
@
ȪȢȪǐȪ
ǒȢ\Û[]Ǔ[[ ȡǒȢĚȡ
Ǔȡ[ ǒȢ Ēȡȯ Ǔȡ[ ȡ[ àǏ fȪȡ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ
130
ȡǕ àǒȢ ĒȡȯǒȢ ȫȡȶ ȡ[ àǏ
fȪ@
Ǖȯ ȡ ǓǓğ ȯȡ `×ȡ¡Ǿȡ_ ]Ǔ[ ȡ kƭȪǓ ȪǐȪȪ Ǿȡ
ǒȡ [ ȡȡȪ ȡǔÛȯ ǔ ȯ ãǕȡȪ Ǿȡ à Ǔȡ[ȡȢ Öȡȣ
ȡȡ[ \Û[ȡ¡ȯȫȡÖȪHGǒȢ ȡȪğȯ ȡCFȡǕ
Ǔȡ[ àǏfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à ȡȢ Ȣȡ ȱ Ȫȯ ĤǕ åȡȡǐ
ȡȡ¡Ǿȡ_ Ǘ[ ǔƱ
¡ȯÛġ ȡȡ[ ȱ ȪÔȯ ¡Ǿ Úȯ ȡȢǒȡ
_¡ȣȡÖȡGǒȢ͕¡ȣǕãȯÖȡHHǒȢ͕ȢÑ
Ȱ ȡÖȡEGǒȢ͕ȯ¡ǓȡǕÖȡBHGǒȢȪ¡ȡ\ƣǐȡ
ÖȡGǒȢȡȪğȯ àǏfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ ȡǕ à ȯȢ Ȫȡ[Ȫ ǒȢ ȡȪğȯ
ǒȢȡȱĚȡǓȡ[ȡ[ àǏfȪ@
Ǘȡȡ Ñ
ȡȡ Ñ
ȡ
ȡ
Ǘȡ Ñȡ Ǘȡ ĤǒǓȪ ȢĦ ǒȡ ^¡ȯ Ȫ @ Ȫȡ^ ^Ûȯ ȯȡ
ff ȯ ǓȪ ȯ ǓǓ ğǓğȡ \ȡ^[ ǓǓȡ ȡȡǔ ʷȡ ¡Ǖȡ
ȯȡȡǓȢ¢ȯğȡ ÑȡȡÚȡ¡ǾȪȡ[ƯǒèȡfȪ@
¢ȯğ\Û[ǒ£ȡ àÛȢg Ȳ Ȣ Ȳ ȡèȢǙ^[

Ñȡȡ ǗȡĤǒǓ
ȡȡ[Ûȡ ]fȪ @ ȯȡȡ_ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ Ǘ Ñȡ Ȳ ȡ ĤȡƯ \ǒ[
èȪ `Ȫ ȣ ]ÝȰ Ǘ`Ē¡Ȫ ǒȡ [͕ Ǘ Ñȡ ĤǒǓ͕ ȯ ǓȪ ȡ
ȯ ǓǓȪ¢ȯğȡ\Ûȡ[ǒƶ ¡ȡ[ǒèȡ[Ǘ`Ē¡èȡȡȡȡǓǗ`Ē¡
ȢǓǕ
[ ȡfȪ@
ȡȣ èȡǓ×ȡ ȯ ǓȪ ȯȡ ȯȡ ȯ ǓǓ Ȫȡğ Ȳ èȡ ȡǒƶ ȡȡ
ǓǓ ʶȡȡ¡ȯ ȡQ@
ȡǓȡCC
ȡǓȡCC
CC
͗ Ñ

Ñȡ
ȡȡ ǗȡĤǒǓ àÛȢ
ȡĤǒǓ àÛȢ
àÛȢ Ǘ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
]Ǔ[[ ]Ǔ[[DBIHII
Ǘ¡Ǿ
DBIGIH à ȪȡǕ à
ȯ ǓȪ×
I
_ÛȯĒȡ¡Ȫ×
HB I
ȯ ǓȪȪȡǒƶ¡ǕȱȡǙǒƨ
H I
]ȡ Ǖ3671ȯ ǓȪȡĒȡ¡ ÌÉȡ
ȡȡ J
131
]Ǔ[[ ]Ǔ[[DBIHII
Ǘ¡Ǿ
DBIGIH à ȪȡǕ à
Ȫȡ^ȯ ǓȪȪĒȡ¡ ÌÉȡ
ȡȡ EKH
_ÛȯĒȡ¡ ÌÉȡ
ȡȡ
¡Ǖȡ ȯȡȡ\ȡ^ĚȡǒǍĤȡȣ
ǔãȡ GG
ĦȪÞȡÖȡ¡Ǖȱ×
ÌÉȡ CIH DCC
Ǔǔȯ ǓǓ¡Ǖȱ
ÌÉȡ ID I
ȡȣ ȯȡȡ_\ȡ_ȡ[Ĥȡ¡ȶ
Ì
Éȡ@ CE
İȪȬ Ñȡȡ Ǘ ȡĤǒǓÛğȡ
ȯȡ ȯ ǓǓȪ Ĥ ȡ ¡Ǖȱ ȯ Ǔğ ÌÉȡȪ ID ĤǓ ȫȪǓ
¢ȯğȪ GD ĤǓ ǕȯȪ @ ȯȡ ȯ ǓǓȪ Ĥ ȡ ¡Ǖȱ ȯ ȡǒ¡ CFH
Ǖ ȡǒèȡfȪ@
Ǖ
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à ĤǓ ÌÉȡȡ ȯ ǓȪ ȯȡȪ
Ĥ ȡ¡ǕȱǕȯȪ@ȡȡ¡Ǖȱ ǔãȡȪǔÛǕȡffèȯ ¡Ǿȡ[Q
ȯ ǓȪȯȡȪ¡ǕȱǒèȡfȪ@
ȡ[

͗ ȪȪ¡ǕȱǕ

ȯ ǓȪȪ Ȫ Ì
ȯ Ȫ Ì
Éȡ
ȡ
ĤǓȡ

ĤǓȡ

]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à CBKG ff ȯ ǓȪ CBF ȯ ǓǓ
ʶȡȪȡǓ\ǕǓǑ^fȪȡǓǓǾȡĤ ȡ¡Ǖȯ ffȯ ǓȪHID
ȯ ǓǓGC¡ȯȡ@fȡȯĤȡȣȡĤ ȡ¡Ǖȯ ȯ ȡIB ȯ¡Ǿ
ǓǔĤȡȣȡǽȡÛfȡQ@
132
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ

ĮåǺæ àÛȢ_ȡ Ì
ĮåǺæ àÛȢ_ȡ ÌÉȡ
ȡ
DBIGͬIH
Ǔ DBIDͬIE DBIͬI DBIͬIG DBIHͬII àȡ
à
f͘f͘ȯ ǓȪ IC HF EB KFC
f͘f͘ȯ ǓȪǓǓ

CDF CJ HID HID
Ĥ ȡ
ȯ ǓǓȡ^ ȯ Û F J CEH EF CIB
ȯ ǓǓǓǓ
C B GC GC
Ĥ ȡ
ȯǕȯ ǓǓ DF D JGE B JGE
Ǔǒf B B C B C
ȡ`ǓȲ Ȫ^ȡ CGF

FB DK CGE C
s,&ͬh,&
DBF DDK IJ HB CEJ
dƌĂŶƐŵŝƚƚĞƌ
ȯ ǓȪÛğǓĐȧ
DE FB DEC I DEJ
Ǔ
ȡǔğ
CKH DCC CCG EDH
ȡȱȡ ÌÉȡη
ǒ£ȡǔğ
KE KK KI EG CED
ȡȱȡ ÌÉȡη
ǒȯ Ȣǔğ

KE CBJ JK GE CFD
ȡȡɨη
]^ǒȯ ǓǓ F K E CD
İȪȬ Ñȡȡ Ǘ ȡĤǒǓÛğȡ ΎȡǕ àȪ
ȯȡǔğȪ[ȡ¡ȯȡCBȯȡȣǔğȡCGÖȡȡȡgǓ¡ȡȱǓ
ǙƣǔğȪǓǔȡ^[ȯȶȡ[ àǏfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ à ¡Ǖȡ ȯȡȡ \ȡ^ ĚȡǒǍ ȶ åèȡ
ǔãȡȡȡǗ fȪȡȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȪåèȡǔãȡȡȡǕ
fȪ@
Ǘ Ñ
ȡ
ȡ ȯȡȡ

]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à ȯ ǓȪ ×CEK ĤǓ _Ûȯ
Ēȡ¡ × ĤǓ ǕȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ à ȯ ǓȪ
×ĤǓ_ÛȯĒȡ¡Ȫ×HBĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
]Ǔ[[ ȪȡǕ àȪȡ_Ȫ ĤȪȡ[Ȫ ÌÉȡ Ȫ
ȡ ¡ȡ ǕȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ à Ȫȡ^
133
ĤȪȡ[Ȫ ÌÉȡ]Ǔ[[ ȪǕȡȡĤǓȯ Ǚǒƨ_F
ȪGȡKH¡ȡD GK¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
Ǖ ȪǕ
ȯȡȯ ǓȡDGEȡǓȡ[ȣǕ [ èȡ¡ǾȡǗ ÑȡȪ
¡Ǖȱ ǒèȡ fȪ @ ȡȰ ȯȡ ȯ ǓȪ ϰ' ȯ ȡ II ǔãȡȪ DCDB
èȡȡǕȯȪ@
ȯȡ ȯ Ȫ ǒƭȡ fǓf f ȯȡȡ^[ èȪǏǓ ȣ fǒf ȡ
ǾȡÛ ȶ ȣ[ȡȡ èȡȢ ȯ ǓȪȡ^[ ȡ^ ĤǒǓȡ ǾȡÛ ȣ
^Ûȯ ȯ ǓǓ ßȡ^ ȯȡ f`Ȱ ȡȡ Ĥȡ [ fǒǒf ǐȪȡ
\Û[ȪȡǐfȪȯ[Fȡ¡ȯȪȡ¡ȡ àCȡFD¡ȡȯ[
¢ȡȡ^[Ēȡ¡ ÌÉȡFE¡ȡǕȯȪ@
ȯȡȪ Ǖ ÌÉȡȪ IG ĤǓ ÌÉȡȡ ^Ûȯ ȯȡȪ ¡Ǖȱ ǕȯȪ
@ ^Ûȯ ĤȪ ȡ[ Úȯ DBIH ȡǕ à ȯȡǗ Ñȡ àȢȡ Ēȡ¡
FJK ĤǓ ¡ȯȡ Q@ Ȱ ȣ͕EDJ ĤǓȯ f ȯ Ȫ ^Ûȯ ȯȡ `Ȫ
ǐ¡ȯȡQ@ǒǓǏ^Ûȯ ȯȡĤȡ¡ǾȪǒ¡è ȡCĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡCC
ȡǓȡCC
CC
͗^Ûȯ
^ÛȯĤȪȡ[ȪȪ
ǒ
ǒ
ĤǓȡ
ĤǓȡ
ȡ
ȯ ȡĤȡ
ȡĤȡ

ȯȡǗ Ñȡ

àȢǓǓȯ
f ȯ ĤȡǓ

Ǖȡ^ȯ ȯ Ǔ

ǓǓȯ
èȡ[ȯ Ǔ

ĤȡǓ
^Ûȯ ȯ ȡ

Ĥȡ¡Ǿ
àȡ
àȡ

İȪȬ Ñȡȡ Ǘ ȡĤǒǓÛğȡ ȡǕ à
Ú¡ȡȢ Ȫȡ[ ] ȡ ȡ ǔãȡ¡Ǿȡ `Í ǓȪ ^Ûȯ ȯȡ Ǖâȡ`
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à DBF ǒȢ \ǔÜ ȡ^ Ǔʪȡ`ȯ
ȡ[ àǏfȪ@
134
ȡǓȡ
ǒǐǕȯ ǓȪ Ì
ȡǓȡ
Ǔȡ Ȫ ÌÉȡ
ȡ
ȯȡ
ȡ DBICͬID
DBIC ID
ID DBID
DBIDͬI
IE

G
GH DBIHII
DBIHII

Ĥȡ
Ĥȡ à
à à
à à
à à
à à
à à
ȡǕ à
ȯȡ
CDKJCKFD
ȯ Ǔ
Ǖȡ^ȯ Ͳ
GDFIHJ GDH GDHJIF
ȯ Ǔ
f ȯ CDKBGGCE CHGCEJGK CHFDIBFI
f ǒf Ͳ
DKJI DKJI DKJI
ȯ Ǔ
ȯȡ Ͳ
EHHFHE EICJ EDJGEJ EDJGEJ
èȡȡ^
èȡ[
CEDDGGH CE CHCJCEJ CJGCBDC CKKFIEB
ȯ Ǔ

\Û
\Û CIFD CIFD CIFD CIFD
àȡ
àȡ DJCBGKIC
DJCBGKIC E
E
EGJIJJFE
EGJIJJFE EKDBDGGF
EKDBDGGF FBFGIFEC
FBFGIFEC

İȪ Ñȡȡ Ǘ ȡĤǒǓÛğȡ
ğǓğȡ
ğǓğȡ
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡ à Ȱ Ǔ \[ ȡƯȡǒ¡ ȡƯȡǒ¡ ȡǔ¢
ȡǓ ƨȰȡǓ ğȰȡǓ ȫȡǓ \[ȡǒ[ ȡǒ[ ȣ IJB ğǓğȡ
ȡ[fȡ@
ȡǓȡ

ȡǓȡ
ȡ[fȡğǓğȡȪǕȡ×ǒ
ȡ×ǒ
E
E DBI
DBI DBI
DBI DBIH
DBIH DBI
DBI
ǒǓ
ǒǓ
\ ȡ à
\ ȡ à
à \ ȡ à
\ ȡ à \ ȡ à
\ ȡ à \ ȡ à
\ ȡ à \ ȡ à
\ ȡ à ȡǕ à
à
Ȱ Ǔ HDD IEB IEE IFC
\[ ȡƯȡǒ¡ ED EK EK EK
ȡƯȡǒ¡ DHGI DKDI DKFE DKGE
ȡǔ¢ FGC FIF FIE FIF
ȡǓ DCCG DECG DEEE DEFD
ƮȰ ȡǓ EFK EIK EJD EJF
ğȰ ȡǓ GKB HEI HFC HFH
ȫȡǓ EC EJ EJ EJ
\[ȡǒ[ JF JH JJ JI
ȡǒ[ JJ KE JK KE
\Û D
àȡ IBCK I I IIDB IIGK IJB

135
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à ȡȱ ȡ[ ǕȬȡ[ ȡ Ȣ ǐfȡ
\ȡ^[ ÑȡȡÚȡȪ ÌÉȡJEK¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡȡǾȡȯȡȣ͕\ÌĒȯȢ͕ȯȡȣ\ÌĒȯȢ͕ȯȡȣ͕ Ȳ èǙ͕ǒ¡Ûȣ͕ȰǓȣ͕ȪǗȣ͕
`Ǖ[͕ǓàǕǓÞȢ͕ȡǽ͕Ȫȯ ȣ͕ȡȡǍ͕ȡ_\ÛȡȡȡğǓğȡ¡Ǿȡ[ fȡ
@ ]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à ȡ[ fȡ ğǓğȡÚȯ ȯȡȣ
ȡȡȡȡ[fȡGQȯȡȱȧ\Ûȡȡȡȡ[fȡQ@
Ȫȡğ Ȳ èȡȯ ǒǓǏ EJ ȡȡȡ ¡Ǖȡǒ ǙƵ ȯ Ĥȡ ȷ ]^¡ȯ Ȫ
@ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [ȡ Ĥȯ Ȳ C Ȫ ǒȡ Ĥȯ Ȳ G Ȫ Ȫ¡Ǖȡ
ȪȡğȪ¢ȯğȢĤȡǕǾfȪ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡ
͗

ȡȡǾȡ
ȡȡǾȡ
Ǿȡȡ[fȡğǓğȡȪǒ
fȡğǓğȡȪǒ
E DBI DBI DBIH DBI
ȡȡ
ȡȡ
\ ȡ à \ ȡ à \ ȡ à \ ȡ à \ ȡ à ȡǕ à
ȯȡȣ FIFJ GBCI GBCI GDGI GDKB GDKE
\ÌĒ
ȯ Ȣ FJF FKG FKG GCF GCF GCG
ȯȡȣ
CDFF CECB CECB CEJB CEJG CEJK
\ÌĒ
ȯ Ȣ
ȯȡȣ FF FH FH FH FI FI
Ȳ èǙ G G G G G G
ǒ¡Ûȣ DF EE EF DF DF DF
ȰǓȣ G FH FH FH FH FH
ȪǗȣ H J J J J J
`Ǘ[ J J J K K K
ǓÞȢ E E E E E E
ȡǽ CE CE CE CG CG CG
ǓàǗ E E E E E E
Ȫȯ ȣ F G G G G G
ȡȡǍ CB CB CB CB CF
ȡ_ D D D D D
C C
ȯȡȣǒ¡Ûȣ DB DB
\Ûȡȡ EIH EHG EHG EIH EKH FCB
İȪȬ Ñȡȡ Ǘ ȡĤǒǓÛğȡ ȡǕ àȪ@
ȡȡ Ǿȡ ȡ[ fȡ ğǓğȡÚȯ ǐ ĤǓ ȯȡȣ͕ ĤǓ
\ÌĒȯȢ CI ĤǓ ȯȡȣ\ÌĒȯȢ ȡȡȡ ¡ȯ ȡ Q ȯ \Û ȡȡȡ
ĤǓğǓğȡĤȡǔfȡQ@
ǗȡĤǒǓ
ȡĤǒǓ
Ǔǔ ȯȡ ĥȯ[͕ DBIH ȯȡ ȡȡ èȢǙ _ ȡȡ[Ûȡ ]fȪ
@
136
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à FDC èȡȢ ¡ EGEB ȡ ȡȡ[ DJEK
ȡǕȡǒȡÚȡǓǒƭȡDFJCèȡèØ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȡĦȪåȡÖ^Ûȯ ȯȡ
ǒèȡfȪ@èȡȢ¡ [ ȡȡ¡ǾȢ àÛèȡǒ[ ȡfȪ
èȡȢ¡Ȫȡ^fFECèȡȢ¡ȯĤȪȡãȡfȡQ@
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [ȡ ȡǕȡǒ ȡÚȡǓ ǒƭȡȡ^[ Ǘȡ ĤǒǓȰğȢ
ȡ` ǒƭȡ¡Ǿ ȱ àȫȡ fȪȡ ȡǕ à GEG ȡǕȡǒ ȡÚȡǓ
ǒƭȡ¡Ǿȡ àÜǕ ãȡ èȡȡ ȶ ȡ[ àǏ fȪ @ ȡȰ Ĥȯ ȡ
ffȡǒƭȡ ǗȡĤǒǓȰğȢ6PDUW6FKRROȡǽȡÛfȡ@
ȯȡ ȡȡǒǓǏ ȯ ȡ¡Ǿȡ^[ ǓȪǐȪ Ǖǔ¢ȡȾȡ`ȡȡǓ
¡ȡ àGBèȡȡǒƭǕȢ¡èȡ¢ȪĤȪ àÛȢ ȯȡǗȡ[Đ àǏ
fȪ @]Ǔ[ [ ȡǕ à ȡȣ͕ \[ ȡȣ ǓȢ ȣ
ǒƭǕȢ¡èȡ¢
7RNHQǒfȪ@
ȡǓȡCC
ȡǓȡCC
CC
͗ǒƭǕ

ǒƭǕȢ¡èȡ¢Ȫ
Ȣ¡èȡ¢Ȫ
ǒ BIBIC BICID BICID BIDIE BIFIG BIGIH BIHIIΎ
ǒƭǕȢ¡è¢
B B I IE DCH CGH CDCK
Ȫ
ȡ^
\ȡ àÛȢ
EH CD K H F EJ DK
`
ǐ¢
Éȡ
İȪȬ Ñȡȡ Ǘ ȡĤǒǓÛğȡ ΎȡǕ àȪ@
ȡǒƶ Ǖ¢ȡȡ ȡ[Ǔȡȡ Ǖǔ¢ȡ` ȡ^ Ǖ¢ȡ\ǕȯÛġèȡȡ
fȪ @ ȡȣ ȡȡȡ_ Ȱǔã èȡȡ Ǖǔ¢ ȡÉȯ `Ƨȯæȡ ȡǕ
ǔãȡȪ¡ȯɋȡǔè'LVDVWHU5HFRYHU\'DWD&HQWHU ʶȡȡ]fȪ@
ȡǒƶ ȡ^ Ǖ¢ȡ \Ǖȡ ȡǓ ȡǒƶ ȡ^ Ǖ¢ȡ \Ǖ ȯÛġȪ èȡȡ
ȣ ʶȡȡ]fȪ@
ȡȣ Ǔȡ¡Ǿȡ Ĥȡ ǐȯ \ȡ^ ȯȡ¡Ǿȡ^[ 1DWLRQDO 3RUWDO ȡ ]ƨ
ȶ Đȡ DBIH ȡǕ à ĤȡÛğȢ ȡ ǔÛğǐÙȪ ȡȡ[ Ǔȡ[
]Ȫ Ȫ ȯȡ ]Ȫ èȡèØ ȡ ÌÉȡ Ûğȡ ȯȡ ȡƶ ɇ
]ÛǐȡèǒȡÛ ǕǒȡàȢǔƴȡȪȡȡ[ȰȯǔȪȡ
ǒȡǗǓåèȡȡ\Ǔȯǒȡȡ¡ȡȢǒȡȡǒƶǕǓȡ[ĤȡǓ
137
ȡǒƶ ǒȡȡȡ ȯȡ Ǘ Ñȡ ĤȡǓ ȡȡɋ ¡ȡȡǓȡȡ ǒǓǏ
ȯȡ¡Ǿ]ƨfȡQ@
ȡȣ ȯ ȡ_ȡ_ Ǖǔ¢ ȡ` ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [ȡ FC ǒ¡ ¡ȡ à
ȡȣ Ǔȡ¡Ǿȡ ZHEVLWHZHE SRUWDO ¡ǾȪ ZHE VHFXULW\ DXGLW àǏ fȪ
@
138
ȡȡǔ¢ȯğ
Ǖ Ȫȡǒȡ ȡȡǓ ȡȡǔ¢ȯğȡ ȯȡǒèȡ Ȱ ȡǐȪ ȯȡȡ

Ǖ
¡Ǖȱ \×ȡæ ¡ǕÛ@ Ǔãȡ [¡ǽȡ ȡȯ ǔ¢ȡ èȡèØ ȡ ȡȯȡȢ
ȡ^ȡȡȢȡ`ȱȰfȪ@ ȡȡǔ¢ȯğȡ ȡȣȢǓȡȡ[ĐȪ
Ĥȡȡȣ ȡȡ[Ûȡ ȡȡǔ ¢ȯğȡ `ãȯÉ Ǖȡ fȪ @ Ǖ ǒƭȡȸ
ȡ[ȡǙǒƨfȪ@ǒƭȡ¡Ȫǔ¢ȡȡȰ ǒǍ ȡȡ¡ȡǓ fȪ@
\ǓȡȪ ǽȡ ȡ¢ȡ ȡ[ĐȪ Ñȡ ȱȰ ȡ¢ȡ ȡ Ǚǒƨ fȪ @
èȡèØ ȯȡȡ ȡȪ ¡Ǖȱ ȯ Ȫ @ èȡèØ ȢȡȪ ȡȡ ǒèȡ fȪ @
ȡǙ×Ǚ Ǖ ǔǕ×Ǚ Ǖ ȡǙ×Ǖȡ Ȣ ]fȪ @ \ǓȡȲ ȡȡ
]ȡǗȡȯȡȢȡ ȡ^Ȫ ǕǒȡǕȯȪ@
ǔ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ ǔ¢ȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ȫȡ
ĤǓ ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ @]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ èȪ Ȫȡ ĤǓ
¡ȯȪǓȪ@ ȡȰ]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡ
¢ȯğȪǙǒƨĤǓ¡ȯ
\Ǖȡ@
ȡǒƶǔ¢ȡȢǓǡDBIHèȢǙ_ȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ@ ȡȰǑȪǒȡ Ȫ
êFȡȡ[Ûȡ[ȡȱȡèȢǙ_ȡȡ[Ûȡãȡ^fȪ@
ȡǒƶ ǒ£ȡǡ ĤǒǓ ȡ Ĥ[ ȢǓ DBIH èȢǙ _ ȡȡ[Ûȡ ]fȪ
@DBIH ȡȡǓ[ȡ\Ûȡ[ǒƶǕȡȰ£ȡǓ àȯ àǏfȪ@
Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBIH ȡ Ǖ ȡ[ ĤȡǓ ¡Ȫ KIC ĤǓǡ ]ȡǗ ¡Ȫ
KEF ĤǓ ȡÚǓ ¡Ȫ FIH ĤǓ ǕȯȪ @ ¢ȡ C ȡ Ǖ Ĥȯ

ȡ[ ¡Ǖȯ `ȯ G [ Ǘȡ fȡ KHK ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ @ ¢ȡ CB àȪ
ǒȡ`HBEĤǓ¢ȡCD àȪǒȡ`DFBĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@
Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBI ȡ ĤȡǓ ¡Ȫ Ǖ ȡ[ K ĤǓ ]ȡǗ ¡Ȫ
KDIĤǓȡÚǓ¡ȪFHFĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡCD
ȡǓȡCD
Ȱ
CD
Ȱǔ¢
¢
`ǔÞȡ Ǘ
`ǔÞȡ Ǘ¡ǽ
¡ǽ
¡ǽ
¡Ǿ
Ǘ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ

BIF
BIF

]ȡǗǔ¢ȡ
Ĥȡǔàȡǒȡ Ǘ[ ĤȡǓǔ¢ȡ ȯ
[ ȡǓǔ¢ȡȡǕȡ[
ǗĤ III JC JDK JFC A #
ǗĤ
[ ȡǓǔ¢ȡȡ\Ǖ_
GKH HDF HFI HHE A A
¢ȡCȡĤȯȢȪĤǓ
139
Ǘ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ

BIF
BIF

¢ȡCȡǕĤȯ CEI CEHI CEEG CDJH #
¢ȡCȡǕĤȯ KE KEK KGD KGK A
Ǖȡ[
¢ȡCG CEGF CEF CEDE #
Ǖȡ[
¢ȡCG KHD KHH KHK KID
Ǖȡ[
¢ȡCJ CCIC CDBC CDD CDBD
Ǖȡ[
¢ȡCJ JIH JKF KC KDE
¢ȡCJȪǕȡ[ȡ
CBB CBB CBB BKJ
ȰǒǍ ȡ Ǘȡǋ
¢ȡJȡǒȡ` IHH IGK IIF
]ȡǗǔ¢ȡȪ¡Ǘȡ
HKH HJF IBI #
ȶȪ
[`ȯȡǒƭȡ

ȡǒ¡¡ȯȡ A
ȡȡǓȡȪĤǓ
¢ȡEȡǒƭȡȸȪ
A
¢ȡĤǓ
ȡÚǓǔ¢ȡ¢ȡ
K¦ CD
ȡÚǓǔ¢ȡ¢ȡ
CD
¢ȡKCDȪǕȡ[ GCH GII GKH HBH ICF
¢ȡKCDȪǕȡ[ EFI EII EJK FEK FIH
¢ȡCB àȪǒȡ` EIK FGD GIC HBE
F ¢ȡC àȪǒȡ` DFB
¢ȡCCDȡȰǒǍ ȡ
BKK BKJ BKK CBC
Ǘȡǋȡ]ȡȡǕȡ[
ȡ¢ȡ
ȡ¢ȡ
ȡ¢ȡH [ HGK HGK IJ IJ IJ
ȡ¢ȡCGDF[ JFI JFI JJH JJH JJH
ȡ¢ȡCG [ GHG GI GI GI GI
ǔ¢åèȡ
ǔ¢åèȡ
]ȡǗ¡ȡǒ¡ȡǔ¢ EJJ FBI FCD FEI
ȡÚǓ¡ȡǒ¡ȡǔ¢
CFC CFJ CHCE CKJ
ĤǓ
İȪǔ¢ȡǡǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓÛğȡ
Ĥȡǔàȡǒȡ ǔ¢ȡ
Ĥȡǔàȡǒȡ ǔ¢ȡ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡ EB ¡ȡ EK ȡǕȡǒ H ¡ȡ F CC
Ȳ èȡȣàȡEH¡ȡF GBȡǒȡ ȯÛġȡǗ[ ĤȡǓ¢ȡ¡Ǿ
ʶȡȡ¡ȯȡQ@
140

ȡ[CD

CD

ǗĤ
[ ȡǓ
ȡǓǔ¢ȡȡ
ǔ¢ȡȡǕȡ[ȡǓȡ ȯÛġȪ\ǕǓ_]fȡ
ȡȡǓȡȪǒ
ȡȡǓȡȪǒ
ĤǓȡ

İȪǔ¢ȡǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓÛğȡ ȡǕ à
Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBIG ȡ ¢ȡ C ȡ ȡ[ fȡ ȡȡǓȡÚȯ ȡǒȡ ȯÛġȪ
\ǕǓfȡȡȡǓȡȪ ÌÉȡHHKĤǓ¡ȯ ȪȡȰǔ¢ ğDBIHȡ
HJH ĤǓǕȯȪ@Ĥȡǔàȡǒȡ ȪǕȡ[ ĤǓǕȯȪ
@

ǒƭȡ¢ȯğǒȡ ȡ[Đ
DBIH ȡǕ à ǒƭȡ ¢ȯğ ǒȡ ȡ[Đ \Û[ FGJH ȡȱ ¢ȡ Ȫȡ
Ǔȡ[CGKFȫȡǓȡ[fȡQ@Ǖȡǒƭȡǒȡ ȡȡǓȫǓ
Ǖȡ[ȡ ȡ[Đ ȡ ǔ¢ ¡Ȫ \Ǖȡ ȯȡ HB ¡ȡ G GB åǔƠ
ȪȡfȡQ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ ȡǕȡǒ ǒƭȡȪ Ǖè \ǓǙǒƨȡ ȡǓ
ȡÚǓ ǒƭȡ¡Ǿ ȫ ȣ Ǖȡ ǒƭȡȡ Ǿȡ ǒȡ ȶ Đȡ
CBBǒƭȡȫ¡Ǖ_¡ȡ àèȪǒƭȡ ÌÉȡEDDǕȯȪ@
ȡğǙǔƣȡ[Đ

]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡ ǒƭȡȡ \Ú ȶ ]ȡ Ǖ ¡ȡ Ȱ Ǔ
ȡğȡ ȡÚȡǓ ¡ȡ ǒǏ ǔ¢ ¡ȣȡ ȪȡȪȣǡ ƮÛƮȢǓ ȡȡǓȡǡ \Ǔ
ȢȡÛǙȡȪȪÛǕ ȡǓȡ ÛǓȡȡ ȡ ¡ȡ
ǒƭȡȸȡȡǓǒǏǔ¢ȡğǙǔƣ
3UR3RRU7DUJHW6FKRODUVKLSȌȡ[Đȡ
ǐǽE\[CȪȡğǙǔƣǒ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ@
ȡÚǓ¡ȡǒǏǔ¢ȡğǙǔƣǒȡ[Đȡ_ǓÛȡǑ_¢ȡ CC
141
CDȡǒ£ȡǒĤȪ× ȡ¡¡Ǖȯ ȣȡğǙǔƣȪåèȡfȪ@
\ȡǍȡ
¢ȡfȡȡȡǓȡȡȡǓ
\ȡǍȡ
¢ȡfȡȡȡǓȡȡȡǓ ȡȯ

¢ȡfȡȡȡǓȡȡȡǓ ȡȯȢǔ¢ȡ
Ȣǔ¢ȡ
Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIH àȡ\ȡǍȡfȡȡȡǓȡȡ_ǔ¢ȡȡ¡Ǖȱ\ǓǙǒƨ[
¡ȡ EE ǒȯ ǒƭȡ‚ DE fȧǙ ǒƭȡ EJB İȪ ¢ȡȪ åèȡ
ǐfȪ @ Ǻǒƴ àÛȢ \ȡǍȡ fȡȡ ȡǓ ǓǕã Ǿȡ Ħȯ ȡʬǕè
`Þȡ`ȯ ȡ ȡȲȯǓȡȡfQ \ÛǓ ȡ^ ȡĒȢǒȡ ȡǒȶ
ȡ[Đ ʶȡȡ¡ȯ ȡQ@
Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBIH ȡ ]ȡǗ ¡ ȡ ȡÚǓ ¡[ ]ȡ Ȣ fQ
Ȱı]ȡ Ȣ ȡğǙǓ ȡ[ HD ¡ȡ I F ȡ \ȡǍȡ fȡ ȡȡǓȡ
ǒƭȡ ǔ¢ȡȡ ȯǒfȡ Q@ \ȡǍȡ fȡ ǒƭȡȸ \Ú ǒƭȡȡ
\Ǖȡ
Ǻǒƴǒ¡ȣǒƭȡǡǒ¡ȡ¢ȡ ʶȡǓǒƭȡȡ[Đ ʶȡȡ¡ȯ ȡ
Q@
ĤȡǒǓǔ¢ȡȡå ȡǒǔ¢ȡ
ĤȡǒǓǔ¢ȡȡå ȡǒǔ¢ȡ
Ǖ ȡ èȡȢ ¡ Úȯ HBI èȡȢ ¡ȡ ĤȡǒǓ ǔ¢ȡȪ Ȳ èȡ
Ǖ
¡ǕȱǕȯȪ@Ȱǔ¢ ğȡCBEèȡȢ¡ȡĤȡǒǓǔ¢ȡȪ
ȡǒèȡfȪǓȪ@
`ƭȪȢǡ åȡ ȡȢ ȪȡȡȡȪ ȡ\Ǖ ȡ ¢ ĤȡǒǓ ǔƠ `×ȡ ȶ
`Ƨȯæ\ǕǾ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à CCHB åǔƠȯ kƭȪǓ Ĥǔ¢ȡȸ

ȌȡǓĤȡƯȯ ȡQ@
ĤȡǒǓ ȡ åȡ ȡǒ ǔ¢ȡ fQ ȡǓ àÛȢ Ȱ ȯȡ¡Ǿ f`Ȱ ȡȡǕǓȡ
Ĥȡ ǐȯ `Ƨȯæȯ ¡ȯ Ĥȯ ȡ f`ȡ ǔ¢ȡ ȫ ȣ Ǖȡ ¡ǕĤȡǒǓ
ǔ¢ȡȪǾȡǒȡ ȶȡ[ǕǾfȪ@
Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIHȡ\ȡǍȡfȡåǔƠ¡Ǿȡ_ĤȡǒǓǔ¢ȡȡ¡Ǖȱ\ǓǙǒƨ
[ ȡǕȡǒ ǒƭȡȡ ǓÜȪȡ _ àǕ _ǔÛǓǍ ǒȡ \Ú
Ǻǒƴ àÛȢ \ȡǍȡ fȡ åǔƠ¡Ǿȡ_ ȡȲȯǓ ȡȡ fQ \Û Ǔ ȡ^ ȡĒȢ
ǒȡ ȣǒȯȡğǙǓ`Þȡ_ȡ¡ǕȱȰ]fȪ@
ȡ¢ȡȡǓÛǔ¢ȡ
ȡ¢ȡȡǓÛǔ¢ȡ
ȯȡȡ_ ȡ¢ Ȫȡ [ “ ȡ¢ ȯȡǡ DBIH” ȡ[Đ \Û[ GE ǔãȡ
ȡ¢ Ȫȡ ^ ȯȡ Q@ [ èȪ ÌÉȡ GB ¡ȯ Ȫ ǓȪ@ ]Ǔ[ [
Ǔğ\ȡǔãȡ ȡ¢Ȫȡ¡Ǖȯ \èȡȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@

142
ǒƭȡǑȡȡȡȡ[Đ

ȡǕȡǒǒƭȡȡǒƭȡȸȪǓǓȡ ȡǙǒƨȡ_Ǔ ȡ^`ǔÞȡ Ǖȡ

[ ȡȡǓȡ Ǒȡ ȡȡ ȡ[Đ ʶȡȡ ¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII
à FE ǔãȡȡ ǒƭȡ Ǒȡ ȡȡ ȡ[Đ ʶȡ _ DD ȡ DK ¡ȡ
EDFǒƭȡȸȡȡǔÛ fȡQ@ȯȡ ȡȡ\ǓǐƠǒƳȡƭ ȡ[ĐȪ
¡Ȫȡ Ǔ ǒǓǏ K ǔãȡȡ C ȡ JB ¡ȡ ǒƭȡȸȡ ȡǓ Ǒȡ ȡȡ
ȡ[Đ ʶȡȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ǔ¢ȡȡ ǗȡĤǒǓȪ`Ȫ
ȡĤǒǓȪ`Ȫ
`Ȫ
Ǖ ʶȡǓ DK ¡ȡ H I ȡǕȡǒ ǒƭȡÚȯ JEHH

Ǖ
ǒƭȡ¡Ǿȡ àÜǕ Ǖǒȡ `Þ fȪ @ Ȣ ǒƭȡÚȯ EHIH
ǒƭȡ¡Ǿȯǔ¢Ǔ ȡ^ǒĐȡȡȡ ǗȡĤǒǓȪĤȪȷ ]fȡQ@
ǗȡĤǒǓȪ`Ȫȡǔ¢Ǔ ȡ^ȡĤȡȡǐȡãȡ_Ǖèȣǔ¢ȡȪ
Ĥ×ȡǗǓȡ ȡǓ Ȱ ȡÚǓ ǒƭȡ¡Ǿȡ Ǘȡ ĤǒǓȪ Ǖǒȡ ǒèȡ ȶ
ê\ǕǾ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ CBBB ȡÚǓ ǒƭȡȡ Ǘȡ ĤǒǓ
ĤȪȡȡèȡȡfȪǓȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ CE ǔãȡȡ CBB ȡǕȡǒ ǒƭȡ¡ǾȪ
ȡ[ àȡȣ¢ àǏfȪ@
ǔ¢åèȡ
ǔ¢ ȯ ȡ ]Ȫȯ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡ Ǖȡ ǒ£ȡ[ ĤȡǓ ¡ȡ
KKGH ǓàȡÚǓ ¡ȡ CGIF ȡÚǓ ¡ȡ CBKJ ȣ àȡ CD
¡ȡ H DJ ȡ `ȯȡ ȫ ȯ Ȫ @ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [ȯǔ ǔ¢Ȫ
ȡèȡ\ȡ^ȡ ÌȶèǕ[ȡ`ƣǕǔèȡ2SWLFDO0DUN
5HDGHU205ƨǓȡȣ¢[ǕǾfȪ@
ȡ
ǒƭȡǒƭȡȸǔ¢Ȫǒ\Ǖȡ
Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIHȡȯȡȡǕEG¡ȡG DBǒƭȡ ʶȡȡ¡ȯ ȡ

Q@ Úȯ ]ȡǗ
CG ʶȡǓǒƭȡ¡G¡ȡHEǡ]ȡǗ
H
J ʶȡǓǒƭȡ¡CH¡ȡI IB]ȡǗ
CJ ʶȡǓǒƭȡ
¡EG¡ȡ D HD¡ȯȡQ@ Ȱ ȣȡÚǓ¡
KCDȡ ʶȡǓ
CB¡ȡJ JKǒƭȡ¡Úȯ F¡ȡC JIǒƭȡȡ¢ȡCC
CD ʶȡfȪ@
143
Ĥȯ Ǿȡ ȰÛȡȣǒƭȡȡȢĤȯ ȡCKĤǓ ȰÛȡ
ȡ[ȣ Ĥȯ ȡ JK ĤǓ ¡ȯȡ Q@ Ȱ ȣ Ĥȯ Ȳ C Ĥȯ Ȳ D Öȧ
Ĥȯ Ĥȯ ȲG ǕǗǔƱĤȯ ȡĐȬCK ĤǓǡCCHĤǓǡCD
ĤǓǡCHĤǓCCĤǓǒƭȡ¡ȯ ȡQ@Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIGȡ
Ǖǒƭȡ ÌÉȡEG¡ȡGG¡ȯ ȡǓf@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD

D

Ĥȯ
Ĥȯ \Ǖ
\Ǖ ȡǒǓǏ¡ȡǒƭȡȪǒ
ȡǒǓǏ¡ȡǒƭȡȪǒ
Ȫǒ
àȡ ʶȡǓ¡\Ǖ ȡǒƭȡǒ
Ĥȯ ǒƭȡ ]ȡǗ ]ȡǗ ]ȡǗ ȡÚǓ ȡÚǓ ȡÚǓ

fȡ^[
CG
HJ
CJ
KCB
CCCD
KCD
Ĥȯ Ȳ

C
Ĥȯ Ȳ

D
ȡȢ
Öȧ

Ĥȯ Ȳ

G
ȡ[ȣ
ǕǗ

ǔƱ
àȡ
àȡ
İȪǔ¢ȡǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓÛğȡ
Ǖ ȡEG¡ȡG DBǒƭȡÚȯ ȡǕȡǒǒƭȡDI¡ȡI
Ǖ
Fǡ Ȳ èȡ ǒƭȡ H ¡ȡ H JI ȡǓ[ ǒƭȡ CǡCDK ¡ȯ ȡ Q@
]ȡǗ ¡
¢ȡ CJ Ȫ \Úȡ ¡Ǖȯ ȡǕȡǒ ǒƭȡ DI ¡ȡ H
KD Ȳ èȡ ǒƭȡ ȣ Ǖ EF ¡ȡ C EE ǒƭȡ ¡ȯ ȡ
Q@ȡÚȡǓ ¡
¢ȡ KCD Ȫ \Úȡ ¡Ǖȯ ȡǕȡǒ ǒƭȡ
Ȳ èȡǒƭȡEIFG¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD

D

ǒƭȡĤȡ
ǒƭȡĤȡ\
ǒƭȡĤȡ\Ǖ ȡȡǒƭȡȪ
ȡȡǒƭȡȪǒ
ǒ

¡Ĥȡ\Ǖ ȡȡǒƭȡ
ȡȡǒƭȡ ȡǕȡǒ
ȡǒ Ȳèȡ
ȡ ȡǓ[ àȡ
àȡ
¡
¡
]ȡǗ¡
¢ȡCG DIGFB HFDB CCBE EGBHE
]ȡǗ¡
¢ȡHJ CD͕BEK FHBC CEB CHIIB
]ȡǗ¡
¢ȡCJ DIHKD HFFC CCDK EGDHD
ȡÚǓ¡
¢ȡKCB ICBG EGBB EK CBHFF
144
¡Ĥȡ\Ǖ ȡȡǒƭȡ
ȡȡǒƭȡ ȡǕȡǒ
ȡǒ Ȳèȡ
ȡ ȡǓ[ àȡ
àȡ
¡
¡
ȡÚǓ¡
¢ȡCCCD EDHJ KCE H FCJI
ȡÚǓ¡
¢ȡKCD CBG EIFG EK JJK
àȡ
àȡ DIIBF HHJI CCDK GDB
Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBI ȡ ĤǓ ǒƭȡ ǒƭȡȸ \Ǖȡ ]ȡǗ ¡
¢ȡ CGǡ
]ȡǗ ¡
¢ȡ HJǡ ȡÚǓ ¡
¢ȡ KȂCB ȡÚǓ ¡
¢ȡ
CCCD ȡ Đ C C C ¡ȯ Ȫ @ Ȱ ȣ ȡǕȡǒ
ǒƭȡȪ èȢǙ ȡ¡ Ûȣȡ ȡ[ ȡǕȡǒ ǒƭȡȡ \Ú
ǒƭȡȸ ȢȪ ǔ¢ ǒƭȡȸ \Ǖȡ `ãȯǔ ¡¡Ǿȡ ĐȬ D F
¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD
¡ǒƭȡǒƭȡȸǔ¢\Ǖ
D
¡ǒƭȡǒƭȡȸǔ¢\Ǖȡ
Ȱǔ¢ ğDBI
ȡ
ǒƭȡǒƭȡȸ\Ǖȡ ȡ
ǔ¢ǒƭȡȸ\Ǖȡ
Ĥȯ ]ȡǗ ]ȡǗ ȡÚǓ ȡÚǓ ]ȡǗ ]ȡǗ
ȡÚǓ ȡÚǓ

CG
HJ
KCB
CB
CC
CCCD
CD
CG
HJ
KCB
CB
CC
CCCD
CD
Ĥȯ Ȳ
JB JK JK CGG CI EK EG JB
C
Ĥȯ Ȳ
CJH CIE CHI CGG FK KG IB CCH
D
Ȣ KD KC IG CJK CH EH DK IG
Öȧ HD JC IG CCH CC DK DF GF

Ĥȯ Ȳ
CCG CDC CCB CHE DJ HE FI JD
G
ȡ[ȣ JK CCD CCH CGC EC IB HB IF
ǕǗ
KI CBJ CCB CGB EB HE FK GC
ǔƱ
àȡ
àȡ CBC CBH KJ CGJ DF GC FB IE

ǔ¢ǒ
Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIȡ ȡǕȡǒ Ȳ èȡǒƭȡȡȣǕEȡ¡ȡ

ǔ¢ Úȯ ǒ¡ȡ C ȡ ¡ȡ E ǕǾ C ȡ K
¡ȡ ¡ȯ ȡ Q@ Ȫ [ ȡȡ[Ûȡ ãȡ^fȪ èȯǔÍ \ȡ
ȢǓȡ ȡȰ ǕȡƮȡȡ]ÝȰİȪȡȡǔfȡǔ¢ ÌÉȡ[ȪÛȡ
fȪȯȪ[ǔ¢Ȫ ÌÉȡȯ¡ȣȯ Ȫ¡Ȫ@
145
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD

D

ȡǕȡǒ Ȳ
ȡǒ Ȳ èȡǒƭȡȡȡ[ǔ¢ǒ
ǔ¢ǒBI
BI
ȡǕȡǒ
ȡǒ
ǒƭȡ
ǒƭȡ Ȳèȡ
ȡǒƭȡ
ǒƭȡ Ǖ

¡
¡
ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ Ǖǽ
ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ Ǖǽ
ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ Ǖǽ
àȡ
àȡ
]ȡǗ¢ȡ
HHCII JEFIK DJFCC DDCCK KFGJJ CBGGKJ DBBCJH

C-G
]ȡǗ¢ȡ
JIKB DJIGD IKKC JJKJ CHIJC EIHGB GFFEC

HJ
ȡÚǓ¢ȡ
FFCC DDGCF FEFI CDDJG JIGJ EFIKK FEGGI

KCB
ȡÚǓ¢ȡ
DIKE CCBIC IJE FBCF EGIH CGBJG CJHHC

CCCD
àȡ
àȡ JDCIC CFGJCH FCGED FIECH CDEIBE CKECED ECHJEG

İȪǔ¢ȡ͕ǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓÛğȡ

ȡǕȡǒ ǒƭȡȡ ǔ¢¡ǽÚȯ ǒ¡ȡȪ \Ǖȡ ĤǓ @ Ȳ èȡ
ǒƭȡ[ ǒ¡ȡȪ \Ǖȡ ĤǓ @ ȣ Ǖ ǔ¢ȡ ǒ¡ȡȪ
ǒ¡è ȡ ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ @ ȡÚǓ ¡
KC ȡ Ǖ ǔ¢Úȯ
ǒ¡ȡȪ ÌÉȡ CK ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ @ Ȱ Ĥȡȡ ȡǕȡǒ ǒƭȡȡ
ȡ[ Ǖ ǔ¢ ÌÉȡȡ Ȱ ǒǍ ȡ Ǘȡǋ ĤȡǓ ¡ȡ B ¡ȯ Ȫ
ȯ ]ȡǗ ¡
HJ ȡ B ¡ȯ Ȫ @ Ȳ èȡ ǒƭȡȡ ǒ¡ȡ ǔ¢Ȫ
¡ȡǓȡ `× ȡ¡Ĥ ¡ȯȪ @ Ȱǔ¢ ğ ȡ Ȳ èȡ ǒƭȡȡ ȡ[
Ǖ ǔ¢ ÌÉȡȡ Ȱ ǒǍ ȡ Ǘȡǋ ¡ȯȪȡ Ȱǔ¢ ğ ȡ
Ȫ Ǘȡǋ¡ȯ Ȫ@ǒ¡ȡǔ¢Ȫ ¡ȡǓȡÕȰ fȪȯ ǔÛ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡCD

CD
ǒƭȡ¡ǔ¢Ȫɇ
ǒƭȡ¡ǔ¢Ȫɇ ǒǍǒ
ǒǍǒ
ǒǍǒ
]ȡǗ
C

CG

C G
]ȡǗ
H

H

HJ
J ȡÚǓ
ȡÚǓ

ɇǒǍ ɇǒǍ
ǒƭȡȪǒǓ
ǒƭȡȪǒǓ ǒ¡ȡ ǕǾ ǒ¡ȡ ǕǾ ɇǒǍ ȡ ǒ¡ȡ ǕǾ
ȡ ȡ
ĤǓ ĤǓ ĤǓ ĤǓ Ǘ ȡǋ ĤǓ ĤǓ
Ǘ ȡǋ Ǘ ȡǋ
ȰĤȡȡ
ǒƭȡȡȡ[

Ǖǔ¢ ÌÉȡȡ
ɇ ǒǍ ȡ Ǘ ȡǋ
Ȳ èȡǒƭȡȡ
ȡ[Ǖǔ¢

ÌÉȡȡɇ ǒǍ
ȡ Ǘ ȡǋ
ȡǕȡǒǒƭȡȡ
ȡ[ ȰǒǓ ȡ

àȡǔ¢ ÌÉȡȡ
ɇ ǒǍ ȡ Ǘ ȡǋ
146
ȡǕȡǒ ǒƭȡȡ ȡ[ Ǖ ǔ¢Úȯ ȰÛȡ ȣ ȡȢ Ĥȯ ȡ
ĤǓ ȰÛȡ ȡ[ȣ Ĥȯ ȡ I ĤǓ ¡ȯ ȡ Q@ ȡǕȡǒ
ǒƭȡȡȡ[ǔ¢Ȫ ÌÉȡȡĤȯ ȲCȡĤǓĤȯ ȲDȡ
ĤǓ Öȧ Ĥȯ ȡ ĤǓ Ĥȯ Ȳ G ȡ ĤǓ
ǕǗǔƱĤȯ ȡĤǓ¡ȯ ȡQ@
ȡǓȡCD
ȡǓȡCD
ȡǕ
CD
ȡǕȡǒǒƭȡȡȡ[ǔ¢ȪĤȯ ǒ
ǒ
¡$ Ĥȯ Ĥȯ Ĥȯ Ȳ

¡$Ĥȯ ȡȢ
ȡȢ Öȧ
Öȧ ȡ[ȣȣ
ǔƱ
ǕǗǔƱ àȡ
àȡ
ȲC
C ȲD
D G
]ȡǗ èȡȢ
¢ȡ \èȡȢ

CG ȡ¡
èȡȢ
]ȡǗ
\èȡȢ
¢ȡ
ȡ¡

HJ
ȡÚǓ èȡȢ
¢ȡ \èȡȢ

KCB ȡ¡
ȡÚǓ èȡȢ
¢ȡ
\èȡȢ

CC
ȡ¡
CD
èȡȢ
\èȡȢ

Ǖ
ȡ¡
àȡ
àȡ
ġƴåȡǓȪ ÌÉȡȡȡ¡\ǕȡȪȡȡȡ[ǔ¢Ȫǒ ȯ Ȳ Ê@
ǒƭȡȸǒ
Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBI ȡ ]ȡǗ ¡
¢ȡ CJ ȡ ȡ ¡ȡ
ȡÚǓ¡
¢ȡKCBȡCBȡ¡ȡ ǒƭȡȸ\Ú
¡ȯȡ Q@ Ǖ Ȱǔ¢ ğȪ Ûȡ ĤǓȯ ȣ ¡Ȫ@ Ȱǔ¢ ğ
ȡȡÚȡǓ¡Ȫ¢ȡCCCDȡ\ǔãȪȰǔ¢ ğȪǕȡȡF
ĤǓȯǙǒƨ_HȡHCȡH FDǒƭȡȸȡ[fȡQ@

147
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD
ǒƭȡ¡ȡǒƭȡȸȡ[
D
ǒƭȡ¡ȡǒƭȡȸȡ[Ȫ\èȡ
¡Ȱǔ¢ ğ
¢ ğ DBIB
DBIB DBIC
DBIC BID
BID BIE
BIE BIF
BIF
H
H
]ȡǗ
FFBCIJB FEEGEGG FDHFKFD FCEGDGE EKIBBCH EIEBHBD

CG
]ȡǗ
CJDJEGC CJEGECE CJHDJIE CJGKEGK CJHHICH CJDFIII

HJ
]ȡǗ
HDEBCEC HCIBHHJ HCDIJCG GKKFHCD GJEHIED GGGGEIK

CJ
ȡÚǓ
JKHKCK KBBGJG KEJJKI KGJGBD KIBIDB CBDIGCD

KCB
ȡÚǓ
FCGEFE FCHKKG FGBIGE FKDKJF GJFBID HECHEF

CCCD
ȡÚǓ
CECDDHD CECIGJB CEJKHGB CFGCFJH CGGFIKD CHGKCFH

KCD
Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBI ȡ ȡǕȡǒ ȡ Ȳ èȡ ǒƭȡȪ ¢ȡ CCD ȡ
\ÚǕǒƭȡȸ ÌÉȡIȡ¡ȡH DD¡ȯ Ȫ@\ǔãȪ
Ȱǔ¢ ğȡèȪ ÌÉȡDȡCF¡ȡG DGǓȪ@\Ǔȯ ĤȡǓȡ
ǐfȪ Ǖȡ ]Ǔ[ [ ȯ ǔ ǒƭȡȸ ǔ¢ ǒ ǒƭǕȢ
Ĥȡȣȡ[ \ƭȡǓ [ ȡǓfȪȯ Ǔ ǒƭȡȪ ǒ \ƭȡǓ ¡Ǖ
ȯȪ¡Ǖȱȡǒƭȡȸǔ¢Ȫ]
ȱ ȡÛǗȯ ǔfȪ¡Ȫ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD

D

Ȱǔ¢ ğ
¢ ğDBI
DBIG
DBIG
GDBIH
DBIHȡ¡ǒƭȡȸȡ[ Ȫ\èȡ
DBIHȡ¡ǒƭȡȸȡ[Ȫ\èȡ

Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIG
¢ ğDBIG
DBIG Ȱǔ¢ ğ
¢ ğ
¡
¡ ȡğȡ
ȡğȡ ȡğ
ȡğ àȡ
àȡ ȡğȡ
ȡğȡ ȡğ
ȡğ àȡ
àȡ
]ȡǗ
CʹG CJGGCKD CJIGFCB EIEBHBD
]ȡǗ
HʹJ KCHBGB KBJIDI CJDFIII
]ȡǗ
CʹJ DIICDFD DIJFCEI GGGGEIK
ȡÚǓ
KʹCB GCHFDB GCCBKD CBDIGCD
ȡÚǓ
CCʹCD EDBBKI ECCGEI HECHEF
ȡÚǓ
KʹCD JEHGCI JDDHDK CHGKCFH
¢ȡC
¢ȡCCD
CD
EHBIIGK
EHBIIGK EHBHIHH
EHBHIHH IDCFGDG
IDCFGDG

àȪàȡ
àȪàȡ
Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBI ȡ ]ȡǗ ¡Ȫ ¢ȡ CJ ȡ ȡ ¡ȡ F
ǒƭȡȸ \Ú Úȯ ȰÛȡ ȯȰ Ĥȯ Ȳ D ȡ C ĤǓ ȰÛȡ
Öȧ ȡ[ȣ Ĥȯ ȡ ĐȬ C JH ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ @ Ȱ ȣ‚
ȡÚǓ ¡ ¢ȡ KCD ȡ Ǖ C ȡ D ¡ȡ H CJ ǒƭȡȸ ¡ȯȪȡ
ȰÛȡ ȣ ȡȢ Ĥȯ ȡ D ĤǓ ȰÛȡ ȡ[ȣ Ĥȯ ȡ
148
ĤǓǒƭȡȸQ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD
Ĥȯ Ȫǒ
D
Ĥȯ Ǿȡǒƭȡȸȡ[Ȫǒ
Ĥȯ Ȳ
Ĥȯ Ȳ
Ĥȯ Ȳ
Ȳ
¡$
¡$Ĥȯ ȡȢ
ȡȢ Öȧ
Öȧ ȡ[ȣȣ
ǕǗǔƱ
ǔƱ àȡ
àȡ
C D G
]ȡǗ ȡğȡ
¢ȡ
ȡğ

CG
]ȡǗ ȡğȡ
¢ȡ
ȡğ

HJ
]ȡǗ ȡğȡ
ȡğȡ

¢ȡ
¢ȡ
ȡğ
ȡğ

J
J
ȡÚǓ ȡğȡ
¢ȡ
ȡğ
KCB
ȡÚǓ ȡğȡ
¢ȡ

CC ȡğ
CD
ȡÚǓ ȡğȡ
ȡğȡ

¢ȡ
ȡğ
ȡğ

KCD
ȡğȡ
ȡğȡ

Ǖ ȡğ
ȡğ

àȡ
àȡ

Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBIGȡ ]ȡǗ ¢ȡC ȯ ǔ G

GK[ `ȯ Ǘ¡ȡǒƭȡȸ
ȪǕȡ[KĤǓǡ]ȡǗ¢ȡHȯ ǔJ
CBCD[ `ȯ Ǘ¡
ȪĤǓȡÚǓ¡¢ȡKȯ ǔCD
CEȯ ǔCH[`ȯ Ǘ¡
ȪĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@¢ȡ
ǦCB àĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǕȡ[
Ǖ ȯ ȡÚǓ ǔ¢ȡ ȣ¢ȡ `Ȣ[ _
¢ȡ
CCCD ȡ DFI ĤǓ ȡğ ¡Ǖ
\Úȡ_ǓÛȡǑȯǒƭȡȸȪ ÌÉȡÛǗ¡ȯ Ȫ@
Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBIHȡ ]ȡǗ ¢ȡC ȯ ǔ G
GK[ `ȯ Ǘ¡ȡǒƭȡȸ
Ȫ Ǖ ȡ[ KIC ĤǓǡ ]ȡǗ ¢ȡ H ȯ ǔ J
CBCD [ `ȯ Ǘ¡
ȪJKIĤǓȡÚǓ¡¢ȡKȯ ǔCD
CEȯ ǔCH[`ȯ Ǘ¡
Ȫ ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ @ ȡÚǓ ¡Ȫ ¢ȡ
KCB à HKB ĤǓ
Ǖ ȯ ȣ¢ȡ `Ȣ[
¡ȯȪ Ǖ ȡ[ ¢ȡ
CCCD ȡ DHD ĤǓ ȡğ ¡Ǖ
_ \Úȡ_ ǓÛȡ Ǒȯ ǒƭȡȸȪ ÌÉȡ ÛǗ fȪ Ĥƴ ¡ǕÛ@ ]ȡǗ
¡
¢ȡ CJ ȡ Ǖ ǒƭȡȸ ȡ[ ȡğȪ Ǖȡȡ ȡğȡȪ ȣ ¡ȯȪ @
ȡÚȡǓ¡
¢ȡKȡèȪȡ[ȡğȡȪÛȡȡğȪ¡ȯ Ȫ@
149

ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD
¡ǒƭȡȸȡ[
D
¡ǒƭȡȸȡ[ àÛȢ
àÛȢ
àÛȢǒ
ǒ
Ǖȡ[

Ǖȡ[
ǒƭȡ¡
ǒƭȡ¡
ȡğȡ
ȡğȡ ȡğ
ȡğ àȡ
àȡ ȡğȡ
ȡğȡ ȡğ
ȡğ àȡ
àȡ
]ȡǗ
¢ȡC¦ G
]ȡǗ
¢ȡH¦ J
]ȡǗ
¢ȡC¦ J
ȡÚǓ
¢ȡK¦ CB
ȡÚǓ
¢ȡCC¦ CD
ȡÚǓ
¢ȡK¦ CD
Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBIG Ȫ Ǖȡȡ Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBIH ȡ ¡ Ǿȡ Ǖ ǒƭȡȸ
ȡ[ȡ ǕȡfȪ@ȡǕ Ȱǔ¢ ğȡ]ȡǗ¡
¢ȡCȡ
ĤǓ ȡÚȡǓ ¡
¢ȡ ȡ ĤǓ ȡÚȡǓ ¡
¢ȡ
ȡĤǓǕǒƭȡȸȡ[¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡ[CD
CD
͗Ȱǔ¢ ğDBI
¢ ğDBI
DBIDBIH
DBIHȡ¡Ǖ
DBIHȡ¡Ǖǒƭȡȸȡ[
ǒƭȡȸȡ[
ĤǓ

ĤǓ

Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIHȡĤȯ Ǿȡ¡ȯȡ[ ]ȡǗ¡

¢ȡCGȪǕȡ[
Ȱ Ĥȯ ȡ KH ĤǓ Ûȡ ȡǓ ¡ȯȪ @]ȡǗ ¡
¢ȡ HJ ȡ k
Ǖ ȡ[ JKI ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ Ĥȯ ȲD ȡ èȪ ICK ĤǓ ȡğ
¡ȯȪȯ Ĥȯ ȡ ¢ȡ G `Ȣ[ ȣ ¢ȡ J ǕÊȡ ǕÊȰ ȯȰ ǒƭȡȸȯ ¢ȡ
ȪȯȪ ȯ ǔfȪ @Ĥȯ Ȳ G ȡ[ȣ Ĥȯ ȡ Ǔ èȪ ȡ[ ĐȬ KBG
ĤǓKDDĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫȯǒƭȡȸǒȡ^ȡơȡ[Ǖ
[ ȶȯ ǔfȪ@
ȡȢ Ĥȯ Ȫ ȡÚȡǓ ¡
Ȫ Ǖ ȡ[ ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ
@Ǖ \Û ȡȱȧ Ĥȯ Ȫ Ǖȡȡ ȣ ¡Ȫ@ Ȫ ¡ȡ Ȱ Ûȡ Ǖ ȡ[
150
Ĥȯ ȲDȡ¡ȯȪ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD
Ĥȯ ǾȡǕ
D
Ĥȯ ǾȡǕǒƭȡȸȡ[
ǒƭȡȸȡ[
Ĥȯ Ȳ Ĥȯ Ĥȯ Ȳ ǕǗ

¡ͰĤȯ
¡ Ĥȯ ȡȢ
ȡȢ Öȧ
Öȧ ȡ[ȣȣ àȡ
àȡ
C ȲD G ǔƱ
ǔƱ
]ȡǗ ȡğȡ

¢ȡ ȡğ
CG àȡ
àȡ
]ȡǗ ȡğȡ

¢ȡ ȡğ
HJ àȡ
àȡ
]ȡǗ ȡğȡ

¢ȡ ȡğ
CJ àȡ
àȡ
ȡÚǓ ȡğȡ

¢ȡ ȡğ
KCB àȡ
àȡ
ȡÚǓ ȡğȡ

¢ȡ ȡğ
CCCD àȡ
àȡ
ȡÚǓ ȡğȡ

¢ȡ ȡğ
KCD àȡ
àȡ
İȪǔ¢ȡǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓÛğȡDBIH
]ȡǗ¡Ȫ]Ûǐ ¢ȡ¡ȯȡ[ \ȰǓ`ƣȢ[ JKGĤǓ¡ȯȪ@

èȰ ¢ȡ Ȫ¡Ȫâȡ`ȯ IB ĤǓ ȯ ȡÔȯ EH ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ @
¢ȡ J àȪ ǒȡ` ȡ `ãȯÉ Ǖȡ _ IIK ĤǓ ǕȯȪ fȡ Ǔ
ǒƭȡ¡ȡ Ȱǒƭȡȸȡ_ǒȡ_ȡÉĤȡ Ǖ
[ ȶȯ ǔÛ@
ȡÚǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ(Secondary
ȡÚǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ Education Examination)
Ȱǔ¢ ğǡDBIȪȡÚǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡȡǕȣ¢ȡȸȡDD¡ȡI
JI ¡ȡȢfȪȡȰǔ¢ ğDBIGȡȪ ÌÉȡȯ FȡFK¡ȡ
H FDǕȯȪ@Ȱǔ¢ ğȪǕȡȡȰǔ¢ ğDBIGȡ

ȯ ǔãȡ`ȯ ǒƭȡȸ ÌÉȡKCIȯ Q@
Ûȡ
ãȡ`ȯ ǒƭȡȸ ÌÉȡ \Ȱ Ǔ `Í ¡Ǖȯ ȡǕȡǒ ǒƭȡȪ ȡȡ
Ĥȡȡȣ ǕȡȪȡȱȪ¡ȯ Ȫȯ ǔÛ@
151
ȡǓȡCD
ȡǓȡCD
CD

Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIF
¢ ğDBIF
DBIFDBIG
DBIGȡȡÚȡǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ`ǔƣ[
DBIGȡȡÚȡǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ`ǔƣ[
ȡğȡȡğȪǒ
ȡğȡȡğȪǒ
ȡȯ
'Wͬ ȡȯ Ȱǔ¢
¢ ğ
ğDBIF
ğDBIF
DBIF Ȱǔ¢ ğ
¢ ğDBIG
ğDBIG
DBIG
ȡğ
ȡğ ȡğȡ
ȡğȡ àȡ
àȡ ȡğ
ȡğ ȡğȡ
ȡğȡ àȡ
àȡ

àȡ
àȡ

Ȱǔ¢ ğǡ DBIG Ȫ ȡÚǓ ǔ¢ȡ ȣ¢ȡȡ Ǖ ȣ¢ȡȸȪ ĤǓȯ

B Ûȡ ĤȡƯ ȯ ȡ Q ȯ
ȯ ǔ à ãȡ`ȯ
ȣ¢ȡȸĤǓ¡ȯȡQ@
Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBIG ȡ ĤȡǒǓ[Ȫ ȡÚȡǓ ǔ¢ȡ ȣ¢ȡȡ
ȯ ǔ
à ãȡ`ȯȪ ÌÉȡ ȡȢ Ĥȯ ȡ ȰÛȡ ȣ ¡ȯ Ȫ ȯ
ȡ[ȣ Ĥȯ ȡ Ȱ Ûȡ ǒƭȡȸ ¡ȯ ȡ @
Ûȡ ãȡ`ȯ
ǒƭȡȸĤȯ ȲDȡ ȰÛȡȣ¡ȯȡȯÖȧĤȯ ȡ Ȱ Ûȡ
C¡ȯȪ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD

ȡÚǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ
ȡÚǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ
ȡǒf f Ȣ
ȡǒf f Ȣ
f f Ȣȣ¢ȡȪ
ȣ¢ȡȪ
ȪĤȯ ǒ
ǒ
ĤȡǒǓ[
Ȱǔ¢ ğDBI
Ĥȯ Ȳ Ĥȯ Ȳ Ĥȯ Ȳ
*3$Ĥȯ
*3$ ȡȢ Öȧ
Öȧ ȡ[ȣ ǕǗǔƱ
C D G

152
Ĥȯ Ȳ Ĥȯ Ȳ Ĥȯ Ȳ
*3$Ĥȯ
*3$ ȡȢ Öȧ
Öȧ ȡ[ȣ ǕǗǔƱ
C D G

àȡ
àȡ

Ȱǔ¢ ğ ȡ ȡÚȡǓ ǔ¢ȡ ȣ¢ȡȪ ĤȡǒǓ [
ȯ ǔ
ãȡ`ȯǒƭȡȸȪ ÌÉȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@Ȱǔ¢ ğȡ
ȯ ǔ
ãȡ`ȯȪ ÌÉȡ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȯ ǔãȡ_`ǔƣ[¡Ǖȯ
ǒƭȡȸȪ ÌÉȡ ȰÛȡ ȣ ¡ȯ Ȫ @Ǖ Ȱǔ¢ ğȡ
¡ȯȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡCD
ȡǓȡCD
CD

Ȱǔ¢ ğ
¢ ğDBIF
DBIF
DBIFDBIGȡȡÚȡǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ`ƣȢ
DBIGȡȡÚȡǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ`ƣȢ[
ȡȡÚȡǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ`ƣȢ[ȡğȡ
ȡğȪǒ
ĤȡǒǓ[

*3$ǒƭȡȸ
ǒƭȡȸ Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIF
¢ ğDBIF Ȱǔ¢ ğDBI
¢ ğDBIG
DBIG
Ì
Éȡ
ȡğ ȡğȡ àȡ ȡğ ȡğȡ àȡ

àȡ
àȡ
Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBIG ȡ ¢ȡ CC Ȫ ȣ¢ȡȡ E ȡ ED ¡ȡ J KC ȡ
¢ȡ CD Ȫ ȣ¢ȡȡ D ȡ KK ¡ȡ H IG ȡğȡğȡ ¡ȡȢ fȡȡ
Ȱǔ¢ ğ DBIH ȡ Ȫ ÌÉȡ Đ͗ E ȡ FK ¡ȡ H E D ȡ
KD ¡ȡ C GE ¡ȯȡ Q ˛ ȡ ¢ȡ CD ȡ ʻ˄ʵ D Ûȡ ĤȡƯ
ǐEFĤǓ¡ȯȡQ ȯ EDBÛȡȡǓʻ˄ʵĤȡƯȶ IĤǓ¡ȯȪ
ȯ ǔÛ@¢ȡCCCDȡǓȰǔ¢Ǖèȡ`ȯ ȡ[Đ¡ǾǕ[ ]æ
ȯ ǔfȪ@
153
`ÍĤȡǒǓǔ¢ȡȡȡğǙ
`ÍĤȡǒǓǔ¢ȡȡȡğǙǓ

]Ǔ[ [ DBIHI Ȫ ȡǕ à èȯ ȡ ʶȡǓ ǒǓǏ ǒƳǒƭȡȡ
]ȲǓ ȯ¡Ǿȡ IG ȡ ǓȢ ¢ȯğȡ ʶȡȡ ¡ȯȡ ȯ¡Ǿȡ ȯ
ȣ JIC ǒȯ ȡ ĤȡƯ ¡Ǖȯ ȡğǙǔƣȡ \Ú [ FC ȡ ȣ àȡ KCD
ȡ ǒƭȡȸ¡Ǿȡ_ ǒǓǏ ĤȡǒǓ ǒȪ ȡğǙǔƣȪ ȡǓ ȡ^fȪ @
[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ \Ǔ à èȪ ȡğǙǔƣȡ \Ú [ fȪ ÌÉȡ ¡ȯȪ
ǓȪ@
`Íǔ¢ȡ
Ǖ Ǔğ ʶȡȡ ¡ȯȡ ǒǓǏ ǒƳǒƭȡ

]Ǔ[ [ DBII à Ǖ
\Û[ȡÈȡà ȡ\Úǐ¡ȯȡǒƭȡȸȪ ÌÉȡ]Ǔ[[Ȫ
Ǖȡȡ CB ĤǓȯ ȯ G ȡ EJ ¡ȡ ǕȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIIȡȪ ÔÉȡFȡJH¡ȡǓȪ@
Ǖ Ǔğ ʶȡǓ ǒǓǏ CC ȡ ǒƳǒƭȡ \Ûȡ Èȡà ¡Ǿȡ
Ǖ
\Ú ǒƭȡȸ¡Ǿ Úȯ Ǔğ Ǖ ǒƳǒƭȡȡ F ȡ CG ¡ȡ F JD‚
ȡȡɋǒƳǒƭȡȡCH¡ȡF EH‚Ǘȡ[ʶǒǔƳǒƭȡȡFH¡ȡC
KB‚ȪȡǒƳǒƭȡȡEB¡ȡI FK‚ÚǔƱȡʶǒƳǒƭȡȡ
G͕IDC‚ ȯȡ Ȳ èǙ ǒƳǒƭȡȡ D͕IKC‚ ǕǕ ǔƱȡʶ ǒƳǒƭȡȡ CB
¡ȡC CE‚Ǚǒȡǒ£ȡǒƳǒƭȡȡE͕JICǕãȡǒƳǒƭȡȡ
HJBȡǒ[ ǒƳǒƭȡȡCKCǕǔàȢȫƨǒƳǒƭȡȡICEǒƭȡȸ
\Ú Q@ Ȱ ȣ H ȡ èȡèØ ǒ£ȡ ĤǓƵȡȡ E͕DFI ȡ ǒƭȡȸ
\Ú ¡ȯȡ @ Ǔğ Ǖ ǒƳǒƭȡ \Û ǒƳǒƭȡȡ \Ú
ǒƭȡȸȪ ÌÉȡ ĐȬ II ĤǓ DE ĤǓ ¡ȯȪ @ èȪ \Ǖȡ
]Ǔ[[ȡĤǓĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@
ǒƳǒƭȡ \Ǖȡ ]Ȫȡ \Ǔȡ CH ȡ ȣ ¡ȡ à FH ȡ
Ȱǔ¢ Ȳ èȡȡ_ Ǖè ǕǓǔƱȡ ȡ Ĥ×ȡ Ĥȡğ Ĥȡ ǐfȪ @
¡ȡ àǕè ǕǓǔƱȡȡĤ×ȡĤǒĐȡȡȯ ȡJHjȡ`ÍȰǔ¢
Ȳ èȡ¡Ǿ ¡ȡȢ fȡ Q@ ǐEGB Èȡà ȯ ] ğ Ǖȡfȡ Ȣ
Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪĤȡȢȶȡ[^¡ȯ Ȫ@
èȡèØ¢ȯğ

]Ǔ[ [ I ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ èȡèØ ¢ȯğȪ Ȫȡ ȯ Ȫ
@ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡȡ èȡèØ ¢ȯğȪ Ȫȡ
154
ĤǓ ǓȪ ȯ ]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ
¢ȯğȪ Ȫȡȡ
ĤǓ ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ @ ȡȰǡ èȡèØ ¢ȯğȪ Ǚǒƨ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡ
ĤǓ¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[DBIIȡ
ĤǓȯÕȯ\Ǖȡ@
èȡèØ¢ȯğȡȯ ȪȡȢèȡèØ ȯȡȡȯ ȡ Ǖȡ¡ǾȪ`ǔÞèǾ
¢ȯğȡ Ǘ¡Ǿȡ `ãȯÉ Ǖȡ ¡ǕȱȰ fȪ @ èȡèØ ȯȡȡ ȡǐȪ ¡Ǖȱ
ÕȰ fȪ@ȡǔǕǙ×ǕǔǕǙ×ǕȡǙ×ǕȡȢ]fȪ@
¢ ĤèǕǓȸ ȡ èȡèØ Ȳ èȡȡ _ Ĥ ǕǓ ȡ`ȯ [Ȣ ǒ¡ȡ¡ǾȪ ÌÉȡ
ȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡ
ȡǓȡD

D
èȡèØ àÛȢ
èȡèØ àÛȢ
àÛȢ Ǘ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ

ȡǕ
Ǘ ȡ
ǕĤ
ÌÉȡĤǓǒ¡ȡ
ǐȡǓȪȡ ȡĤȪȡ[
Ȱǐȡ, ĤǓ
ȡǔǕǙ×Ǖ
ĤǓCBBBȢǒÛȡ, ÛȯȪǑǓğ
ǔǕǙ×Ǖ
ĤǓCBBBȢǒÛȡ, ÛȯȪ[Ǔğ
G[ǓǕ ȪȡǙ×Ǖ
ĤǓCBBBȢǒÛȡ
àȢȡF[ȡȱȡ`ȯ[Ȣǒ¡ȡȪĤǓ
¢Ĥ ǕǓȸȡĤ ǗǓȡ`ȯ[Ȣǒ¡ȡȪĤǓ
èȡèØ Ȳ èȡȡĤ ǗǓȡ`ȯ[Ȣǒ¡ȡȪĤǓ
Ǘ[ Ǿȡ ȰĤȡȡȪȡ`ȯȡȡǓȡȪĤǓ
İȪȬèȡèØȡ ÌÉȡÛğȡNDHS
èȡèØ ȯȡ Ǖǒȡȡǒèȡ
ȡȡǒèȡ
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ \èȡ ĤȡǓ èȡèØ
ȯÛġèȡèØȫȧ]ǕȶǑ\èȡ`èȡèØȫȧ
ȣ èȡèØ Ȳ èȡ ʶȡȡ ¡ȯȡ Q@ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [ȡ
]ȡǗèȡèØ ȯȡȯÛġèȡȡ ʶȡȡǓȡ[Ȫȡ[ǕǾfȪ@
ȡǓȡCD
èȡèØ Ȳ èȡȰQ
ȡǓȡC Q ȡǔƠȪǒ
ȡǔƠȪǒ

ȡǔƠȪǒ

ǒ
ǒ
\ ȡ à
\ ȡ à \ ȡ à
\ ȡ à \ ȡ à \ ȡ à
\ ȡ à \ ȡ à
\ ȡ à \ ȡ à
\ ȡ à ȡǕ à
à
CàȡèȡèØ Ȳ èȡ FFJG FGBG FG
\èȡ CBI CCH C
ĤȡǓ DCG DCG DH
èȡèØȫȧ DCIG EIKB EJE
]ǕȶǑ DKE EJF EJF
`èȡèØ
ȫȧ]ȡǗ

èȡèØ ȯ ȡȯÛġ
Q ȡ
D\èȡȰ IGGB IHFB IIFJ
155

ǒ
ǒ
\ ȡ à
\ ȡ à \ ȡ à
\ ȡ à \ ȡ à \ ȡ à
\ ȡ à \ ȡ à
\ ȡ à \ ȡ à
\ ȡ à ȡǕ à
à
EàȡǔƠ KEFKG JIDK J JKDFE
ȡÈ DCGF DFGI DG
[\Ȣ KGEG DBEF DBFD DB
ǒȡ EKF FJG
Ȱƭ EHB FGC FGC
èȡèØ ¡ȡ
CCGGC CCGG CHF

¡ȯ \͕\¡ȯ
ǒ¡ȡèȡèØ
HEEDH GDBB GDBB GDBBB GDBBB
èȲ ȯǒȡ
İȪȬèȡèØȡ ÌÉȡÛğȡ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ȯȡ ǐȡ Ȱ ȡȣǡ ǓȢ
ȡǕȡǒ èȡèØ Ȳ èȡȡ Ǖ Ȫ K ȡ JK ¡ȡ ǒ¡Ǎ ȯȡ
Ĥȡ¡ fȪ@ ȡȰ ȡǓȡȢ¡Ǿ\èȡȡ ȡ[ fȡCȡ
¡ȡȯ ]ǔè ȯȡ Ǔfȡ Q@ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡ èȡèØ Ȳ èȡȡ
D Ȫ JJ ȡ ¡ȡ ȡǒ¡Ǎ ȯȡ Ĥȡ¡ fȪ ǓȪ@ȡǓ Ȫ
èȡèØĤǓȯ ȪȯȡèȡèØ ȯȡȪǒèȡȯ èȡèØ Ȳ èȡȡ_ ȯȡǓȯȪ
ÌÉȡȯ Ȫ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD
Ĥȯ
Ĥȯ \Ǖ ȡèȡèØ ȯȡȡȡȡǔÛ
ȡȡȡȡǔÛ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ

DBI
DBII
Ĥȯ
ȡ[ ǒ¡Ǎ ]ǔè ȡ[ ǒ¡Ǎ ]ǔè
Ĥȯ Ȳ DDCEJF FGKEIDD EHBKKE CBEECH DKKDHCF CGFHEE
Ĥȯ Ȳ CEIICE FFCJDHD CKGBKH HGFIE EBBHJCI JJFDF
ȡȢ GEJIGG IGHGDDG JKHEHE EGKKJI GGEGEJD IHKKCE
Öȧ CDFKIC DHDICHH DCDBKK KDFEK DBHBHHK CIFIJK
Ĥȯ Ȳ DCIKEK FJDGJGE DGIFBC CJDKCK FBJHIKJ DCJGFH
ȡ[ȣ FEGCF DFGEDKG IDFBI ECKKB CFBEIDK EJFIC
ǕǗǔƱ FKHCH DEIBKHC CECKKJ CKEHF CKBEDDC CBCBFH
Ǖ
CEEEJKD DJJGFFJF DCDHEGI JGGFJJ DBKJKDDK CGFGJDD


ȡǕ àȪ
ȡȯ ǒèȡǐ Ȫ ȡ ȪǓȪ Ȫ ȡ[Đ \Û[ ǓǓ ǔ ßȡǔÈ ǡ
ǒȡ ǒǾƨȪ Ȫǡ Ȣ Ȣ ǒ ¡ȯȡȡ_ǒ Ǔ
ȯİȪ ȡ CC ǒǓǏ Ȫ
ȯȡ `å ȡfȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBII Ȫ ȡǕ ǒ¡ȡ à E ȡ
EF ¡ȡ H KH ȡ_ ȪǓȪ Ȫ Ǖȡ`ȯ ȡ[Đ àǏ fȪ @
]Ǔ[ [ D ȡ ID ¡ȡ FE ȡ_ ȪǓȪ Ȫ Ǖȡ^fȪ ǓȪ@ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIHIIȡEFǔãȡȡȡȱ[ àȡȡȡǓȡ¡Ǿȡ^[ ȡǕȡǾȯȡȪ
156
\Ǔȡ àǏ fȪ @ ȪİȪ Ȫ ȡ[Đ ȪǓCK Ȫ ȡ ¡ȡȡ^[
èǓfȪ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD
ǒèȡǐȪfQȡǒƶȪǓȪ
ȡǒƶȪǓȪȪ
ÌÉȡȡ
Ȫ
Ǘ ȡǋ
ȡǋ DBID
DBID1IE DBIE
DBIE1IF
IF DBIF1
DBIF1IG DBIG
DBIG1IH H
HI
ǒǓ ǔßȡǔÈ GIGGGF GHGBDK EKJHCI
Ǔǒȣ¡ȯ ȡȡ_ǒ Ǔ GEJFCG GEICHJ EFBBJD

ȯ İȪȡğȡ
ȪǓȪ
ȯ İȪ GDFIDK GCKDFI EEFHKH
ȡǕȡǒǾƨȪ GBKHIJ GDFEED FFGDDC DJJCEK
ǒȡ FJHDEB DKJFBH
ȡǕȡǾȯȡȪ\Ǔȡ CBKEJDJ
]^ʞȢȡfȡǒ¡ȡ¡Ǿ FKDJJJ FKFIJI ECCHIK
ȡȡȡȡȡȪȢ¡Ǿȡ[ CEBKCII
ǔȲ ȡȢȡȡȡȡȡ CCDFJBG IBDGDE

ȪȢȪ`ȡ
G[ǕǓȡÍȡȪǓȪǓȡȪ CBKCDGB CBIFBCE HHKGBG
Ƴȡ ĤƳȡ ȪȪ`ȡ DDIKHI CGEKKH
İȪȬèȡèØȡ ÌÉȡÛğȡ ȡǕ àȪ

*
èȡèØ ȯȡȪ¡ǂǗ
[ \ǍȪǾȡ¡ȯ Ȫ ǐȡǓȪȡ Ǖǔ¢ ȡǙ×Ȫ
ȡǓ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡǐȡǓȪȡ\èȡȢ ȡȪȡȱ ĤȪȡ[
I ȡ GE ¡ȡ JCJ ¡ȯȪȡ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ èȪ
ÌÉȡ F ȡ GF ¡ȡ DCF ¡ȯȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à ǐȡ
ǓȪȡ\èȡȢ ȡȪȡȱĤȪȡ[ȡ¡ȡEF¡ȯ ȡǓf@
Ǖ ǐFEJD¢Ȫ`ȡȯÛġHBF
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àǕ
ĤȪȡȡIBȢfÈ [ ȯÛġȡDȡǒƶĤȪȡȡȡ¢Ȫ`ȡȡ
Ǔȡ ȯȡ Ñȡ ^¡ȯȪ @ kǓ ĤǓȪȢ ¢Ȫȡ ǓȡȢ¡Ǿȡ^[ DC
`ȡȯÛġJC`ȡ`ȯÛġHǓ]¡Ȫèȯ CȢ]ĤȯȯÛġȡ ȯȡ
Ĥȡ¡ǕȱȰ ]fȪ@¢ȪȪȯǒĤßȡȯÛ ȶ ȡ[ àǏ_ ȡ[Ǔȧ
fȪ@
ȯȡȡkȪȪǓÛğfȪ@]Ǔ[[DBIGIHȡCȡKK¡ȡ
KDIȡȪƠǗȡȣ¢ȡCǡBHGȡkȪȪȯ ȡȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[[
DBIHIIȪȡǕ àCȡGF¡ȡIJDȡȪƠǗȡȣ¢ȡ[
EKKåǔƠȡȡğkȪȪȯ ǔfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à E ǔãȡȡ ¡ȡƣȢȡ_ȯ Ȫ Ǔȡ
ȡ[Đ ʶȡȣFȡHB¡ȡȡ_`ƠkǓǕȡ^fȪ@]Ǔ[[
157
DBIGIH Ȫ ȡǕ à èȪ Ȫ Ǔȡȡ ȡǓ ǔãȡȡ ȡ[Đ
ʶȡȣǐȡȡ_`ƠkǓǕȡ^fȪǓȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ ȡ[Đȡ ]ƨ CEE [Ȣ ǒ¡ȡ ǒ¡
CI ¡ȡ K JI ȡ f]_Ȣ Ȳ ĐǓ¡Ǿȡ^[ IJ ȡ ȯÛġ¡Ǿȡ
kǓ ǒ ǐfȪ ǓȪ@ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ǔÌ à
kǓ ȯ ǐ¡ȯ ȡ Ȳ ĐǓ ȡ ȡ[Đȡ ]ƨ FK [Ȣ ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡CJ¡ȡH DJȡȡ_IJȡȯÛġȡ`Ơ ȯȡǑ^fȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ǔÌ à ȫǔ Ǖ èȡȡ `ȡ
\Ȫ^
åèȣÍǗ ȯȡȢȡIIKȡȯ ȯȡȡfȡQ@
Q DBBG ȡ f]^Ȣ ǒĤǓȯÛ BGG ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫȡ ]Ǔ[ [
ȡǕ à `Ơ ǒĤǓȯÛ ȯ BCF ĤǓȡ ȯ Ȫ @ ]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ
ĤǓ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
¡ȣ[ƠȡǒƶĤ×ȡȪȯÛġȪèȡȡfȯ ǔ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȪ
\Û× àȡ HFH Ȫ Ǚȫȡ F ȡȪ ȯȪ Ĥ×ȡȪ fȪȡ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡFHȡȪǙȫȡCȡȪȯ ȪĤ×ȡȪ
ȣ ¡ȡ à àȡ HKD ǓȡȢȪ Ǚȫȡ ǓȡȢȪ ȯ Ȫ Ĥ×ȡȪ fȪ
@
ȯȡȡ ǒǓǏ ȪȪ ȣ¢ ȡ Ǔȡȡ× ǒǔƴȢǙ ȯȡ Ĥȡ [Ȫ ȡǓ
èȡǒȡǒƶèȡèØĤȪȡȡȡ]Ǔ[[DBIIȡCȡK¡ȡ
C FE ȡ_ ĤȪȡȡ ȯȡ Ĥȡ ǐfȪȡ ]Ǔ[ [ HI Ȫ
ȡǕ àȡIJ¡ȡȡ_ĤȪȡȡ ȯȡ¡ǾĤȡǐfȪ@]Ǔ[[Ȫ
ȡǕ àJB¡ȡȯèȪ ȯȡǓfȡǓf@
]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȡ ȡȰĤȯ ȡĤȡȯ ǔèȡèØĤȪȡȡ
èȡȡ _ ȯȡ ǕǾ fȪ @ ȪȪȡ ȡ^ Ȫ ǐ¢ ȡǒƶ èȡèØ
ĤȪȡȡȪ ȡȰ\Û ȡȰ Ĥȯ ȡ ʶȡfȪ@ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȡǒ¡Ȫ
ȡȡÞÝǕȪȣ¢fȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ HII Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ȯǓǒĚ Ǔ [Ǎ ȡǓ CCǡ ȡ_Ǔǒ
ȯȡǓEH ȯǓȪǓȡǓGK Ǖǔ¢[ȡǓCJH ffǒ
ȡǓKKǡ¢Ĥ ǕȢ ȯȡ Ǖǔ¢ȡǙ×ȡǓFEIǡǐȡǓȪȡǓHHF
ȡȡ\ÛȡǓ¡ǾȣFDKEèȡèØȸ¡Ǿȯ ǒǓǏȡǓǓfȡQ@
ÚȯCHGEǕǽDHFBǒ¡ȡ¡ȯ ȡ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBII Ȫ ȡǕ à ȯǓ ǔǒ× [ ǕǾ C
158
ǒ¡ȡȣàȡÛǔǒ× [ǕǾǒ¡ȡȣ
àȡ ȯ Ǖ àȡ ǔǒ× ¡Ǿ ȡ[ fȡ Q@ ȯǓ
ǔǒ× [ǕǾC¡ȡ ǒ¡ȡȣàȡD¡ȡC
FH Û ǔǒ× [ ǕǾ ǒ¡ȡ ȣ àȡ
ǔǒ× ¡ȯ ȡ Q@¡ȡ à ȯǓ ȡ`ǔÛ ȡ ȡ[ fȡ ǔǒ× ¡ǾȪ
ÌÉȡ¡ȡ ¡ȯȪ@]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕǒ¡ȡ àȪ
¡ȡ Ȫ Ǖȡȡ èȪ ȡ[ ÌÉȡ ĤǓȯ ȣ ¡Ȫ@ Û
ǔǒ× Ȫ ÌÉȡǕǽǒ¡ȡȣ[ȪǕȡȡȯȯ Ȫ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡǕ à àȡ GG ¡ȡ K H [¡Ǿ ȯȡ Ǔ [
ȡ`ǔÛ ȡȡ[ fȪȡȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕǒ¡ȡ àȡèȪ ÌÉȡ
¡ȡ ǕȯȪ@¡ȡ àǒȯ Ȣ [¡Ǿȡ`ǔÛ ȡȡ[ fȡ
Q@ ]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡǕ àȡ ȯȡ Ǔ [ɨ ȡ`ǔÛ ȡ àȡ
¡ȡ \Ȣȡ[fȡQ@
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à àȡ ǔǒ× ȡȡÛ ǔǒ×
ĤȪȡȡ èȡèØ ǒ£ȡ ȡ[Ǔ èȡèØ Û ǔǒ× ȯȡǒè ȣ Ǖ C
ȡ FG ¡ȡ H DF èȡèØȸ¡Ǿ ȯȡ èȡèØ å ȡ ǐɮ
ȡ ȡ[
fȡQ@
èȡèØȢȡ
èȡèØȢȡ
ȢȡȡǓȬǕãèȡèØ ȯȡ
ȡǒƶ èȡèØ Ȣȡ ȢǓǡ DBIC Ȫǔ DBIH ȡǕ à GG ǔãȡȡ GBG
èȡȢ¡ȡèȡèØǓȡȡ[ĐǓèȡfȪ@ ȡ[ĐȡDHȡJI
¡ȡ J CB ȡ ǓǓ fȡ Q Úȯ DGC ĤǓ \Ǔ ȣ ¡ȯ ȡ
Q@ȡǕ àȡ ȡ[ĐȡHȡCB¡ȡǓǓfȡǓf@
ȡǒƶ ǓȬǕã èȡèØ ȯȡ ȡ[Đ \Û[ ¡ȡ DG Ȱáȡ àȡ \èȡȡ
IBǡ ĤȡǓ èȡèØ ȯÛġȡ GJ ȡ èȡèØ ȫȧǡ ¡ȣ èȡèØ ȯÛġ
ȡǕȡǒ èȡèØ ^ȡ_ȡ E \×ȡæ kȢ ǓȬǕã ǒ ¡ǕȱȰ ]fȪ
@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD
ǓǕãèȡèØ ȯȡȡ[Đ
Ǘ ȡǋ¡Ǿ
ȡǋ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ DBICID
DBICID DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG

kǓǒȬ
`èȡèØȫȧ DG DG

Ĥȡ
kǓǒȬ
èȡèØȫȧ DI DI DI

Ĥȡ
159
Ǘ ȡǋ¡Ǿ
ȡǋ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ DBICID
DBICID DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG

kǓǒȬ
ĤȡǓèȡèØ GJ GJ GJ GJ
ȯÛġ
Ĥȡ
DGȰȡ àȡ
IB IB IB IB
\èȡ
İȪȬèȡèØȡ ÌÉȡÛğȡ ΎȡǕ àȪ
ǒǏȡǐkǓ`ȡ
ȡȡǔ èȡèØ Ǖ¢ȡȪ ¡ǂǗ
[ \ǍȪ Ǿȡ ¡ȯȪ ǒǏ ȡǐ kǓ
`ȡ\Û[]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡGE¡ȡE EǒǏȡǐȪ
ǒǓǏȪȪ`ȡǐfȪȡ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡFB¡ȡ
I FE ǒǏ ȡǐȪ `ȡ ǐfȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ
ȡǕ àȡèȪ ÌÉȡ¡ȡ ¡ȯ ȪǓȪ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD
ǒǏȡǐkǓ`ȡ
ǒ
ǒ DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG
I
DBI
DBII

ÈȡÛ

ǕǕ

Ǚȫȡ ¡ȯ ȪȡȡǓ EGBC

ȯ ǐȪǓȡȡǓ

Ĥ×ȡȪ KJ

kǓ`ȡ HJG

ȡǒ[Û Û

\ãȡ^

¡ȯ ^ÛǕȣ

èȡ^^ÛǕȣ

Ǔ ȯ fǓǓȡ
àȡ
İȪȬèȡèØȡ ÌÉȡÛğȡ ΎȡǕ àȪ
ǒ¡ȡ‚
ǒ¡ȡ ȡȡǓȡ
ȡȡǓȡȡ
ȡȯƵȡǐ
]Ǔ[[ ȪȡǕ àǕ

[ ¢ȯğȡÏȡȪǔȡȯ ȡGKȡ
[Ȣȡ Ǖ×ȯȣǒ¡ȡ¡ǾȪ¡ȡ_`ƧȡfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡ_ Ȱ ǓȲ ǒ¡Ȳ ȡ ǒǽƨȪ \Ǔȡ [ȡ Ǿȡ ȡ`ȯ
Ȫȡ fȪ @ ǒ¡Ȳ ȡȢǓ ǒ¡ȡ͕ f ǒ¡ȡ͕ \ȡǍȡ fȡ åǔƠ͕ Ǔ͕
160
ȡȡǓȡÏȯƵȡǐ ȯȡ_ǓȬǕãȡǕȢ ¡ȡȡ`Þȡ_Ûȡȡ
¡Ǖȱ\ǓǙǒƨ[fȧǙȡǕȢ ¡ȡȡȢǓȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ ǒ¡ȡ à ǒ¡Ȳ ȡ ȢǓ ǒ¡ȡ ȡ ǒȪȣȡ_
Ǖǔ¢ Ǖèȡ[ȡ Ȫ ȡǓ Ñȡȡ ¡ȯȪ Ȳ ȡ ¡ȡȡ ȣ[ȡȣ Ǖè[ ȡȡ
ȯÛġȡDCȡǒ¡Ȳ ȡȢǓǒ¡ȡȡǒȪȣ¡Ǿ]ĮǓ^¡ȯ ȡQ@Ĥȯ Ȳ
D͕ Ĥȯ Ȳ G͕ Öȧ͕ ȡ[ȣ ǕǗǔƱ Ĥȯ ȡ ǒ¡Ȳ ȡ Ĥȡǒ ǒ¡ȡȡ ȡǓ
ȣ[ȡȣǕèȡ[ȡȯÛġǓȡ[ȣ Ñȡȡãȡ_fȪ@
Ȱ ǒǍǒ¡Ȳ ȡǓȡȪǓȡȣDBHI; Ȳ ȪDBIHͿȪǔĤȯ èȣ
èȡȢ¡ȡȰ ǒǍǒ¡Ȳ ȡǓȡȪèȡȡfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à ǔãȡȡ Ñ
ȡǓ Ǖèȡ[ȡ ȯÛġȡ
ǒ¡ȡȪȪǔȡȯǓ¡Ǖȡ`ƨȡfȪ@
ȢǒȪȡ[ Ǖȡ ȡ[Đ \Û[ ȡ ǒȡ ǗȡȲǋȡ ȡǓ ȯ ȡ
ǔãȡȡE¡ȡC GBǒ¡ȡ¡Ǿȡ_ Ȣǒȡ ȡǓȡǓ`ǕȱȢ`Þ
ȡ`ȯȡ[Đ ʶȡfȪ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD

Ǖèȡ[ȡȯÛġȡ ȯȡǓȯȪǒ
ǔãȡ
ǔãȡ DBICID
DBICID DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF

HI
H
ǔ KB CCD EH CHG DFK

ǾÛȯ ¡ȣ DEC FCC CGI EBE CCB
Ǔ ÛǕȡãȪ CE EE HC EE EI
Ȱȡȣ DJ IG DI DK B
ȡ[ CHG DIJ CDC CID DIB
ȡȱȯ CCF DGE HI CDE KD
ȡȡɊ CJ FC FH DG DG
ȡȡ DFF FKF DKB DEI CEI
ȡèȧ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ HB GB
Ǖȶ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ EDJ DHI
àȡ
àȡ KBE
KBE CHKI
CHKI JBG
JBG
CFIG

İȪȬǒ¡ȡȡȡǓȡȡÏȯƵȡǐÛğȡ@ȡǕ àȪ
Ȫǔȡȯ ȡȡȡǓȡǒȪ
ȡȡȡǓȡǒȪ
ȡȡǓȡǒȪǒȪȣ
ǒȪȣ
ȪǔǗ
[ \èȡȡ ¡ȯȡ ȡȡǓȡȪ ]ȡȣ `ƨȡǡ ȡ¡ǡ Ȫǒ[ǡ
ȡǐȡǐǕǓ[ǡǕȬfȧȡǕèȡ[ȡȪȡǓȡȡɊǡȡǕǡǔǡ
ȡèȧǡ Ȫǡ `Ǖǡ ȡȱȯǡ Ǖȶǡ Ȱȡȣǡ Ǖ ȣǡ Ȱ ȯ ȡǕȡȡ ȡ ¡ȯãȡ^

ʶȡȡ ¡ȯ Ȫ @ĤèǕ D ǔãȡȡ ʶȡǓ ǓȬǕã ȡ
¡ȯãȡ^ȡ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à ȡȡǓȡ
ȡ
161
ȡǓȡ Ȫ ]ȡȣ `ƨȡ ȣ ȡ¡ǡ Ȫǒ[ ȡǐȡǐ ǕǓ[
ȡ Ǖèȡ[ȡ ǐfȪ @ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIGIH ȡ ȡȡǓȡȪ
`ƧȡǐfȪǓȪ@
ȡ[CD

CD
:
ȡ¡ȯãȡ^ȡȡȡǔÛȡȡǓȡ
ÌÉȡȡ
İȪȬȯÛġȣȡãȡ ǓǓ ΎȡǕ àȪ
ȡȡǓȡǕƠ\Ǔȡ\Û[]Ǔ[[ȡCEJȡȡǓȡȪ`Ʈȡ
fȪȡȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕǒ¡ȡ àGBGȡȡǓȡȪ`ƧȡǕèȡ[ȡ
Ȳ ¢ȡǐȡǐǕǓ[ȡǕèȡ[ȡfȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à ¡ȡfȡ ȡȡǓȡÚȯ
ȯȡȯ ȡQ@ ȡ\ğȯ ȡ\Ǔȡȡȡȡfȡȯȡǐ
ȡȡǓȡȪ\Ǔȡȯȡȯ ȡQ@
ȡǓȡCD
ȡǓȡCD

CD
¡ȡfȡȡȡǓȡȪ Ì
¡ȡfȡȡȡǓȡȪ Ì
Éȡ
ȡ
ǒ
ǒ ]Ǔ[[ DBICID
DBICID DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBIHII
DBIHII
¡ȡfȡ ȡ EFD HBB CBFI KDE CBGC IEG

ȡǓȡ FFF KBD CIDG CFBI DEIC CGIJ
àȡ
àȡ IJH
IJH CGBD
CGBD DIID
DIID DEEB
DEEB EFDD
EFDD DECE
DECE
¡ȡfȡÚȯ ȡ
CHI DBE EGE FBI JDG EIH
ȯȡȯ ȡ

ȡǓȡ CFD DBG EHI HCB CICG IFG
àȡ
àȡ EBK
EBK FBJ
FBJ IDB
IDB CBCI
CBCI DGFB
DGFB CCDC
CCDC
ȯȡǐ ȡ
DGF DFI EDC DJH EFB DDK
ȯȡȯ ȡ

ȡǓȡ CBH CBC CGJ CGH CIC JF
àȡ
àȡ EHB
EHB EFJ
EFJ FIK
FIK FFD
FFD GCC
GCC ECE
ECE
İȪȬǒ¡ȡǡȡȡǓȡȡÏȯƵȡǐÛğȡ ȡǕ àȪ
162
ǒǓǏ Ȳ èȡ ȱȪ ȡȯȡȣ \ȡȡȪǔ ȯȡ ȯÛġ Ȣ ȯÛġȡ[
ǒǏ͕ ȯ ¡ȡȡ JE `×ȡ ȡǒ¡ CH \ȡǍȡ fȡ åǔƠ¡Ǿȡ_ ]ȡ Ȣ
Ǖèȡ[ȡ ȯȡ`Þȡ^fȪ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ à\Ûȡ[ǒƶȰ ȡȣ Ȳ èȡȪ Ì
ÉȡDEI
ȡãȡǐÙȡ]ƨȡ_\ǔè×ȡ¡ȯȡȡǒƶȰ ȡȣ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪ
Ǖ ÌÉȡGC¡ȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȡ ãȡ ǐȯ èȢǙǓ Ǒfȡ \Ûȡ[ǒƶȡǒƶ Ȱ ȡȣ Ȳ èȡȯ èȡèØǡ
ǔ¢ȡǡ ȡȯȡȢ ȡ ȡ^ǡ ȡ ȡ Ȳ ¢ǡ Ǚǒ ȡ ȰǙǒȡ ]ȡǐ
]][ǡ ȡǒȡ ǡ ǒ¡ȡ ǒȡ ǡ Ǖȡǡ ȡȡ Ǘȡ[ȡ ǒȡ ǡ Ǘà ȡ ǒɮ
åèȡ àÛȢ ȡ¡ǡ `Ƨȡ ȡ Ǖè[ ȡȡǡ ȡǕȡǒ ǒȡ ǡ \ȡǍȡ fȡ
åǔƠȪǒȡ àÛȢ¢ȯğȡ[Đ¡Ǿ ʶȡȯ ȡQ@ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[Ȫ
ȡǕ àǽ\[ȯȡ[ȡ[Đ¡Ǿ ʶȡfȡQ@
ÏȯƵȡǐȪ£ȡǡ Ȣ\Ǖȡ_`Ȫ[\ÛǕèȡ£ȡ Ȣ¡èȡÛȪ
ȡ[ǒǓȡȡ[Ûȡãȡ_DBBèȡȢ¡ȡÏȯƵȡǐ ȯȡȡǓȯÛġ
ʶȡȶȡ[fȪ@
ȡȯȡȢȡ ȡ^
ȡȢȡ ȡ^
Ȱ ȡǐȡ ]ȡǗèȪ ȡȯȡȢ ȡ ȡ^Ȫ ¡Ǖȱ Ǖ
Q ȡ`ȯ ê\ǕǾ
DBI ȡǕ à Ǖ ÌÉȡȪ B ĤǓȡ ȡȯȡȢȪ ¡Ǖȱ ǕȯȪ @
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ àȪ \Ǔȡ ȡ ¡ȡ DB
ÌÉȡ]ȡǗȡȯȡȢ ȯȡȡȡȡǔÛfȡQ@Ǖ ÌÉȡȪ
ĤǓȡ]ȡǗ ȡ^ȡ¡ǕȱǕȯȪ@
Q à ĤǓȡ `Í ȡ ÚèȪ Ǖèȣ ȡȯȡȢ ȯȡȪ
¡Ǖȱ ǕȯȪȡ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à èȪ Ǖǒȡȡ CB ĤǓ
ȡǐȡ¡ǕȱǕȯȪ@]Ǔ[[ ȪȡǕ àȡ ¡ȣȡ
\[ ¡ȣȡȯȡȢ]Ȫȡ¡Ǿ àǏ_DȡHD¡ȡH JC ÌÉȡ
`Í ȡ ÚèȪ ȡȯȡȢ ȯȡȡ ȡȡǔÛ fȡ Q@ Ȱȡ_ `Í
ÚèȪȡȯȡȢ ȯȡǕâȡ`ȯ ǕȫȢ\ȰȡȰ@
ȡǓȡD
]ȡǗȡȯȡȢȡ ȡ^ȪǔèǓ
ȡǓȡD

¡Ǿ
Ǘ¡Ǿ
DBCJ
DBCJ à
J à
à DBCK à
DBCK à
à à
ȡǕ à
]ȡǗȡȯȡȢ ȯ ȡ
ǕȡȡǔÛ
JIK
ÌÉȡȪĤǓ
]ȡǗ ȡ^
ǕȡȡǔÛ ÌÉȡȪ
KF
ĤǓ
163

¡Ǿ
Ǘ¡Ǿ
DBCJ
DBCJ à
J à
à DBCK à
DBCK à
à à
ȡǕ à
`ÍÚèȪȡȯȡȢ
ǕȡȡǔÛ
CK
ÌÉȡȪĤǓ
İȪȬȡȯȡȢȡǓȡ ǒȡ
DBID ȡȪ ǒȡȡȣ Ǘàȡ ¢Ǔ Ǖȯȡ CEBB Ûȡ ȣ ȡȯȡȢ
]ȪȡÚȯ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ Ǘàȡ ¢ǓĒè GBJ ȡȯȡȢ
]Ȫȡ¡ǾȪ ǕǓ[ȡ ȡ Ǖèȡ[ȡ ȡ[ àǏ _ ȡȯȡȢ ȯȡȡ D ȡ
CE¡ȡK FD ÌÉȡȡȡǔÛfȡQ@
\ ȡ à ]ȡǗ ȡȯȡȢȡ ¡Ǖȱ ǕÊȯ Ì
Éȡ Öȧ Ĥȯ ȡ
ȰÛȡȣĤǓ ȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡ ȰÛȡ ĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫȡ
ȡǕ àèȪ ÌÉȡȡȢÖȧĤȯ ȲGȡĤǓ
ȡ[ȣĤȯ ȡĤǓǕȯȪ@
]Ǔ[[ȡǕ àȯàȢȡȯȡȢ]ȪȡȪȫǓĤǓKFC
ĤǓ fȪ @ ȯàȢ ȪĮȪ \Û[ ȡȱĒȢ ȡȶ ȣ¡Ǿȡ Ȱ Ǔ
EF Ȫ Ǔ ȡȢ ȡÛ ȣ ȯàȢȡ Ǔ ȡ`ȯ ȣ ]ȪȡȪ ǒèǙ
^ǔÛǓǐǍǓȡ^ȡ[^¡ȯȪ@
]Ǔ[[ ȪȡǕ à]ȡǗèȪ ȡȱ ȡȯȡȢ]Ȫȡ
ȯȡ Ǖèȡ[ȡ fȡ ]Ȫȡȡ ¡ȡ ÌÉȡ
]ȡǗèȪ ȡȯȡȢ ȯȡȡ ȡȡǔÛ fȡ Q@ × Ȱ ȣ `ÍÚèȪ
ȡȯȡȢȡ ]ȪȡȪ Ǔȡ[ àǏ _ ȡ ¡ȡ
ÌÉȡȡȡǔÛfQ@
ȡ[CD
]ȡǗȡȯȡȢ ȡ^Ȫ¡Ǖ
CD
ǣ ȡȢ ȡ^Ȫ ȱ Ǖ
ȡȢ ȡ^Ȫ¡Ǖ ȯ Ȫ Ì
Ȫ Ì
ÉȡȪĤǙ ƣ
ȡȪĤǙǔƣ

İȪȬȡȯȡȢÛğȡ
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ à ȡȡȫ `×ȡ Ǔğ Ǖ II ǒȢ
164
Ȫ ǒ Ĥȡȣ Úȯ CGHC ǒȢ Ȫ ǒ Ĥȡȣ CCGB ǒȢ
ȡȯȡȢ ǒ Ĥȡȣ Ñȡ Úȯ CGG ǒȢ ǒ ĤȡȣȪ ȡ[ àǏ
fȪ@
Ȫ[ȡ ǕƻȯƳȣ à ȡȢ ȣȡ ǓǓ fȪ Ȫ¡Ȫ ȡȢ ĤȪ ȶ `Ƨȯæȯ
ǒȡ]ȲǔǾȡ Ñȡȡ¡ȯȪȪ¡ȪȡȢĤȪȯÛġȪèȪǏǓȡ[
KDHĤǓ àǏfȪ@
ǕÉȡ¡ȡȢèȢ¡Ǿȡ ȡȯȡȢ Ǖǒȡ`Þȡ`CBBBȢȡǓ à
ȡȢ à ȶ D ãȣèȯ ǓÝ Ĥȡȣȡ ]Ȫȡȡ[ CJ ¡ȡ G HC
ÌÉȡȡ_`ÍȡÚèȪȡȯȡȢ ȯȡ`ÞfȪ@
Ǖ Ǖȡ
]ȡǗèȪ ȡ_ Ǖǒȡ ǕǓƱ ȷ \ Ȫ ȯ Ǖ
Ǒ ȡǕƠȡƶȪȡfȪ@
ǕȡȡȯǗ

ȯıɋ ǔ¢ fǔȡȣ ȯǕ ĤǓȪǓȡ DBIH Ȳ Ǔ CG ȯȯǔ DF ȯ à
ȡȡɋǡȪȡǕȡ àǏfȪ@ ĤǓȪǓȡȡȯȡȯ ¡ȡ àȰ
ȰÛȡȣGCè[HBKHȡèȣǕDBIĤȡƯȣ
ȡǓȡȡȪİȪèȡ¡ȡǓ ȯ Ȫ@
]Ǔ[[ ȪȡǕ àȢ\Ûȡ[ǒƶèȡ` ȯÛȡDEBB
ǕÛȣ ȡǓ ȯÛġȡ CCHB ȣ EFHB ǒƭȡȸ¡Ǿȯ èȡ` ȡǓ
ǓfȡQ@
\Ûȡ[ǒƶ ȯǕ ĤǓȪǓȡȡ ǒȯȡ jǔà ȯȡ ¡ȡȢ ȣ CHB
ȯȡȢȡ_ȡǓ Ǿȡ àȡƣȡĤȡǐfȪ@Ȳ ȡȯ ȡ]ȪȡfȪ
$9&&HQWUDO=RQH:RPHQ9ROOH\EDOO&KDPSLRQVKLȡȯȡȯè[¡ȡǓ
ȯ Ȫȯ ȯȡȢ¡Ǿȡ_¡ȣǽEȡǡĤǔ¢åèȡȡ_¡ȣǽCȡ
GB¡ȡȡȯĤȪ× ȡ¡ǐfȪ@
]Ǔ[[ ȪȡǕ à\Ûȡ[ǒƶèȡǔ¢fǔȡȣǒ¡ȡȡ
Ǖǽ ȡȣǐ Ǖ ĤǓȪǓȡ ǒȡȡ Ǖçȡ èǙǓ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ åȡǓÛ
Ǖ ȡÏ
ĤǓȪǓȡ Ȫȡȡ fǔ ǔÛĚȯÛ ÜȡȡÊȡ^Ǔ ÍȡǔàǓ Ȳ Ơ
\ȯǐȡj ȱǒĐȯȯȪǓğȪȡ×ĤǓȪǓȡ àǏfȡQ@
\Ûȡ[ǒƶ Ǖȡ Ǒ Ȫ Ǒ ĤǓȡȡ Ǖȡȡ_ ¡ȣ ǾC ȡ
Ǖèȡ ǒ¡ȡǒƶǕȡĤǓȡ àȡĤȡǐfȪ@
]Ǔ[[ ȪȡǕ àǕȡȡȯ×Ǚ ¢ȡȪǒȡ \ßȡ ȷ
165
ȡȡǔ ȡ ȡƶȪ Ǚǒƨȡ Ǖȡ ǐȡ [ȡ ȡǓ èȡȢ ¡ȡ
ȡȡǕȡÈfȪ@

Ǖȡ¡Ǿȯ å ȡǒ ȯ×Ǚ Ǔȯ ȣ ¢ȡ \ǓǙǑƪ Ǘȡȡ ¡Ǖȱ \ǓǙǑƪ [
ǒǓǏèȡȡGJGǕȡȡ_`ƭȢȡȡǒƣȢ ȡ¢ȡȡǓĤȡǐfȪ
@
åǔƠȡȡ[
]Ǔ[[ DBIHȡãǕ à\ȡ^[ ǗȡĤȡȣȡåǔƠȡȡ[
ȶ èȡȢ ¡ȡ ȡ ÌÉȡ DIDF ǕȯȪ ȯ ǒƭǕȢ Ĥȡȣȡ[ ȡ
ȡ[ ȶȪ ÌÉȡCCȡJD¡ȡGJIǕȯȪ@ ȡȯ åǔƠȡ
ȡ[ȡ_ Ȱ £ȡǓ ȡ ȡ[ ȡ` Ǘȡ ĤǒǓȪ ĤȪ [ ȡȡ
ȡȡ_ÛǙ×Ǖǒȡ¡ȡȡ ȡȡǔ\èȡȪ¡×ȡǒȡȡȡȣ
ȡ` ȯȡǗ ȡ[Đ¡Ǿ ʶȡ ȷ ]f Ǔ Ǔãȡ [¡Ǿȡ èȪ
Q
ÌÉȡȯ Ȫȯ ǔȰ @
]Ǔ[ [ DBIH Ȫ ȡǕ à ǒƭǕȢ Ĥȡȣȡ[ C ȡ IE ¡ȡ E
CEÛȡ[ǡFF¡ȡD IFǙ×Ǖȡ[ǡHH¡ȡE JCǒȡ¡ȡ[ǡ
D ¡ȡ H KI àÛǒÍȯ ȡ[ C ȡ D ¡ȡ ȡ^ ȡ^ ȡ[
fȪ@]Ǔ[[ȡǒƭǕȢĤȡȣȡ[Ûȡ[ȶȪ ÌÉȡ
ȡ¡ȡ ǓȪ@
ȡǓȡCD
ȡǓȡCD

CD
: åǔƠȡȡ[
åǔƠȡ
åǔƠȡ ǒ
ǒ DBIB
DBIB
DBIC
DBIC
DBID
DBID
DBIE
DBIE
DBIF
DBIF
DBI
DBI

ǒ¡ȡ FJJJBD FDCGBE DKBGGH EGBDKJ EDEHFD

Ûȡ[ Ǖǽ GFBJIK FGHBKB ECBDFB EICBDJ EFDDHI
àȡ CBDKHJC JIIGKE HBBIKH IDCEDH HHGKBK
ǒ¡ȡ FJDIB FIIBI EIBDJ FGCFC FIBKI
Ǚ×Ǖȡ[ Ǖǽ IFBJI HHHFG GIHHE IDKDC HGJEG
àȡ CDDEGI CCFEGD KFHKC CCJBHD CCDKED
ǒȡ¡ȡ[ CEIECH DDFJDH CGJIKG CJFEDE DDBHHK

àÛǒÍȯ ȡ[ CCBF CEGG CBHG DDJE DIIH
ȡ^ ȡ^ȡ[ KFHCE CDCFDK HKJDI HJJHE IGBKJ
ȡ^ ȣfȪ ÌÉȡ CFCKFI CIEFGF JJFEC CBFDGE KFEGJ
ȡ^ ȣ]fȪ ÌÉȡ CHIBEF CKEGHB CBHCBE CBHJHC CDIKKC
ȡ^ ȡ^ȶàȡ ÌÉȡ EBJKJC EHIBCF CKFGEF DCCCCF DDDEFK
İȪȡǒƶǐğȡʷȢǒȡ
ȡǕ àȪ
¢ȡ
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ
ĮǓȪ Ȳ ǒȡĤƣȪȡȡ]ȡǐ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡȪ¡ ǕǓǔƱ[ ȡ
166
Ȫȡȡ[ȡ_ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ Ĥȡ ȶ `Ƨȯæȯ Ȫȡȡ ]ȡǐ ȡȡǔ
Ǖ¢ȡ gǡ DBIFǡ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ Ǔȡȣǡ DBIǡ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ Ȫȡ
ʶȡ ȡ[ǒǓǡ DBIG ȡ Ȫȡȡȡ ĮǓȪ ǗȢ àÛȢ ȡ[ǒǓǡ
DBIGȡȣ_ȡȡ[Ûȡ]fƱȡDBIG ȡȲ Ȣȯ ǔȪȡȡ]ȡǐ
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡȪȡȡǗ fȪ@ Ȫȡ\Ǖ ȡȡǓ ȡǐĮǓ ǕƠȡȢ
ȡ[ ]ȡǗ ȡǐĮǓȪ EC ĤǓ
ȪȡȡȡȪ [ȡ DB
ĤǓ ĮǓȪ [ȡ CC ĤǓ Ȫȡȡȡȯ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ Ȫȯ
ȪȯȪɇ ȡȡȡàȡǕ
[ ȶåèȡǐfȪ@
Ȫȡȡ ]ȡǐ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ ȡ[Đȯ Ȫȡȡȡȡ_ ĮǓĤǓȪ \Ǔ Ǔ
ȡǒ×ȡ ǕƠ ȯ Ȫ ȯ ĮǓȡ_ ǕǓǔƱ ǒç ȡ ȣ ȡ[ ¢ȯğȡ
ãȣ_ȡÊĤȯȡǓȯ Ȫ@
Ȫȡȡ]ȡǐ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡȪȡ\Û[kǓ`ȡȡȡǙ× Ǖ¢ȡ
Ȫȡǡ Ǖ
[ ȡ ȡ \Ơȡ Ǖ¢ȡ Ȫȡǡ ]ǔĮ ǐȡ Ǖ¢ȡ Ȫȡ Ǚƨȡèȡ
Ǖ¢ȡ Ȫȡȡ ¡ȡȢ ¡Ǖȯ ĤȪȪ ȡǓ Ȫȡȡȡ ĮǓȡ_ \ȡ_
Ĥȡȣȡ[ ǗȢȶĐȡDBIȡǕ àCȡGD¡ȡC DK
ĮǓ¡ȡD KIȪȡȡȡ ǗȢǙfȡQ@
ȡǓȡCD
ȡǓȡCD
CD
ǣ
ǗǔǙȪȡȡȡȪȡȡ[Ȫǒ
Ȫǒ
ǒĤȯ Ĥȯ Ȳ Ĥȯ Ĥȯ E
E Öȧ
Öȧ Ĥȯ Ȳ ȡ[ȣȣ
ǕǗǔƱ
ǔƱ àȡ
àȡ
C ȲD G
Ǘ ǔǙȪȡȡȡ

DBIGIH

DBIHII
ȡǕ à

Ǖàȡ

Ǘ ȢǙ
Ȫȡȡ[
DBIGIH

DBIHII
ȡǕ à

Ǖàȡ

İȪȬĮȪȡȡ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡÛğȡ
]Ǔ[ [ Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ Ȫȡ \Û[ JK
åǔƠȯ kǓ `ȡǡ èȡèØ ȡ ȡǙ× ȡȢ ǕƠȡȢǡ I åǔƠȯ Ǖ
[ ȡ ȡ
\Ơȡ ȡȢ ǕƠȡȢǡ H åǔƠȯ ]ǔĮ ǐȡ ȡȢ ǕƠȡȢ K åǔƠȯ Ǚƨ
\èȡ Ǖ¢ȡȡȢ ǕƠȡȢ ǕǒȡĤȡƯȯ ȡQ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡãǕ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ DK ȡ GK ¡ȡ KCG
ȡĒȡ¡ȣȡ^[ ǒǓǏ ȡ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ ƣȡ ǒ ǐfȪ @ ¡ȡ à ED
167
ȡ CC ¡ȡ CEC ȡĒȡ¡ȣȪ ǒ åèȡ ǗȡĤȡȣȡĤǒǒƴǐfȪ
@åèȡ ǗȡĤȡȣĤǒǒƴȡȪÊ åǔƠȡğȡĒȡ¡ȣ¡Ǖȯ fȪȯ ȯ
Ǖ ȡȡ ȯ ȡ`ǕÊȯȯ ǔÛ@
Ǘȡ[
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡCD
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡƣȡǒ
¢ȡƣȡǒ
ÌÉȡ
¡ȡȪȡǓ
¡ȡȪȡǓ
ǔ¢ Ǘ¡ DBIBIC
DBIBIC DBICID
DBICID DBIDIE
DBIDIE DBI
DBIIF
IF
IF DBI
DBIIG
IG
IG

ǽ

ǽ
ȯƵȡǐ
BBB HGGIEI HJJKEB IKDEIK JEKHKH KJJBFC

\Û
ȯƵȡǐ
BBB DIEFFE DHDFJK DGIFFB DFEGFI DJJBKH

Ǔȡ[ȣ
ǕȯƵȡǐ CBBB KDKCJB KGCFCK CBFKJCK CBJEDFE CDECGJH CDIHCEI
fǒ¡ȡ BBB EFCCBH DECEGD CIDJFD CBDCIJ CCHEFF
ǒȡ BBB ECEHCE FCIDBC FJIDJH GCIEHJ HBBGJK
Ǘ[ \ȡǍȡ
BBB DGFKD DIDBE EBKCD EECCG FEDDH
fȡ
]ǔȲ \ȡǍȡ
HBB HJHE HEIG ECFBJ FEIGJ IEJHK
fȡåǔƠ
ȪȪÛǕ
BBB CKDDE DBEBJ DEEFH DFFBC
]Ǒȡ ȢȡǓ
ȡȡǓȡ FBB GEICCJ GBHICJ FHKKDD FFDFDJ HIKICG
Ǖàȡ DCIDGKG
DCIDGKG DCHBGIH
DCHBGIH DDHGGEG
DDHGGEG DDFHFKC
DDFHFKC
DJCFBJF
DJCFBJF

IB[ȡȯȡȯƵȡǐ
`ȡ[ǽBB KBGIDG KECHDE
İȪȡǒƶǐğȡʷȢǒȡ

ȡǕ àȪ
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ ȡ[Đȡ_ Ĥȡȡȣ ȡ`
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ Ǘȡ Ĥȡȣ
Ýȯ Ǔȡ[ _ ȡȡ[Ûȡ ]fȪ
@
ȡȯȢȢǒȡ
ǒȡ
ǒȡ
ȡȯȢ ǒȡ Ȫ \ȡȡ\ǕǾ ]Ǒȡ ȢȡǓ ǒ¡ȡ ǒǓfȡ ȡ

ȢȡÛǙ [Ȫ `×ȡ ǒȡ ȡ ȡǓ ]æ ȡ[Đ¡Ǿ Ĥȯ èȡȢ
¡ȡȰ ¡Ǖȯ åèȡ fȪ @ ȪȪÛǕ ]Ǒȡ ȢȡǓ `×ȡ ȯȡ ǒȡ
ȡ[Đȡ[ Ȱ Ĥȯ ȡ_ǔ¢ȣǒǓǏ Ȣǒȡ ȡ`ƭȢȡȡǓ
ȡ[Đ ʶȡ fȡ Q@ȡǒƶ Ǔ ]Ȫǡ ȡǒƶ ȡȯȢ ]Ȫǡ ]Ǒȡ Ȣ
ȡǓ ]Ȫǡ ȯȢ ]Ȫǡ ȡǽ ]Ȫ Ǖǔè ]Ȫ _ ȡ[ ǕǾ
fȪ@
168
CEǗ
ǗàǓȪǕǓ[ȡ[

DBID ȡ Ȱȡ CD ȯ fȪ Ǘà × æȡȡ ȡàȡ ¢ǓĒè
ȫǓ Ȳ ȡȪ ǕǓ[ȡ[ ȡ[ Ǔĭ Ǿȡ ^¡ȯ Ȫ @¢ǓĒè ǓȢ ]ȡ
ȡȣ ǒƭȡ \èȡ Ǖȡȡǔ× àȡ ¡ǾȪ ǕǓ[ȡ[ȯ
Ǔ ǓfȪ @ ǕǓȡ[ȯ ȯ Ǔğ Ȫȡȣȡ \ Ǔ [ȡ [ȡ ȡȰ `Í
]Ǔ[Ǚǒƨȡ ȯȪȡǕȯȪ@
ǓȢ]ȡ \Ǖȡǒ
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ ȡǕ à J ȡ ¡ȡ ȡ Ǘà
ȢǓ ȡĒȡ¡ȣ¡ǾȪ ǒ¡ȡ _ KF ĤǓ ȱ ǓȢ ]ȡ \Ǖȡ àȫȡ
fȪ @ \Ǖȡ àȫȡ fȡ Úȯ KK ĤǓȯ Ĥ ǒèȡ
ĤǓȯ ȪİȪ ǒèȡ ĤǓȯ ȯİȪ ǒèȡȪ ĤȡƯ ȯ ȡ Q@
\Ǖȡ àȫȡ ȯ ȡ Ǘà ǒǓ Úȯ F ȡ KF ¡ȡ E ID

ĤǓǓȢǓȡ[ àǏfȪ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡC
ǓȢ]ȡ ǕǓ[ȡ[ȪǔèǓ
ÌÉȡȡ
ÌÉȡȡ
ǒ DBIDIE DBIEIF DBIFIG DBIGI
DBIGI DBIHII àȡ
àȡȡĒȡ¡ȣ
àȡ ȡĒȡ¡ȣ
ȡĒȡ¡ȣ
ȡ àȫȡ
\Ǖȡ àȫȡ
àȫȡ
Ĥǒèȡ
Ĥ ǒèȡǕƠȡȢ
ǒèȡ ǕƠȡȢ
ǕƠȡȢ
Ǔȡ[ȡ[
ȡ[ǕǾfȡ
ȪİȪǒèȡ
ȪİȪ ǒèȡ
ǒèȡ
ȡ
ȡ
Ĥȡǔ
Ĥȡǔ
ǕƠȡȢ
ǕƠȡȢ
ȯ İȪǒèȡ
Ȫ ǒèȡ
ǒèȡ
ȡ
ȡ
Ĥȡǔ
Ĥȡǔ
ǕƠȡȢ
ǕƠȡȢ
Ǔȡ[ àǏfȡǓȢ

]ȡ Ì
]ȡ ÌÉȡ
ȡ
Ĥȣ
Ĥȣ
ȡĒȡ¡ȣ
ȡĒȡ¡ȣ
àȫȡ
àȫȡ
ĤǒèȡǕƠȡȢ
ĤǒèȡǕƠȡȢ
ȪİȪǒèȡ ǕƠȡȢ
ǕƠȡȢ
ȪİȪǒèȡǕƠȡȢ
İȪȡǒƶǕǓ[ȡ[ĤȡǓ ΎȡǕ à
169
Ǘàȡ ]Ȳǔ Ǿȡ ¢Ǔ ^[ Ĥȣ Ǖ
[ ȶ ǓȢ ]ȡ [Ȫ ȡǓ Ǖ^[
ǒèȡȡȣǽCȡ\Ǖȡ`Þȡ`ȯåèȡ\Ǖ ȡǽGBGB¡ȡȡ
ȯ\Ǖȡǒȶȡ[^¡ȯ Ȫ@
ǒ¡ȡfȡǓȢ]ȡ ĤȣȡĒȡ¡ȣ¡ǾIF¡ȡI HCÚȯ FE
¡ȡ I FB ȡĒȡ¡ȣȯ àȫȡ ȣ FD ¡ȡ F IK ȯ Ĥ ǒèȡ
ȡȪǽGB¡ȡ\ǕȡĤȡƯȯ ȡQ@
]Ȱ ÊȡȪ åèȡ ȣ Ǖǔ¢ èȡȡ èȡȡÛ ¡Ǖ ȡ¡ȯ D ¡ȡ E
KEǗàȢǓȡ_ ǽȡÊȡǐ\ǕȡȪ Ǖǒȡ`ÞȡfȪ
ȯH DKǐȡȡ_ Ǖǔ¢èȢȪȡǓÊȡ`ÞfȪ@
ȪǔǕƠèȢèȡȡÛȣfȧǙèȢǒȡ ȡȡǓFEfȧǙèȢȪ
Ȫȡ èȢǙ _ DI èȢȪ ǒèǙ ǐȪȡ ĤǓȯ èȢǙ fȪ @
ÚȯJèȢǒȡ ȪEBĤǓȡ[ àǏfȪ@
ȡǒȪ èȡȡ \Ûğ èȡȡÛ ¡Ǖ ȡ¡ȯ F JI Ǘà ȢǓ ǗǓ¡ȣ
ȡĒȡ¡ȣȯ Êȡ ǐ \Ǖȡ ĤȡƯ ȣ \Ûğ Ǖǔ¢ èȡȡ Êȡ ǐ ȯ ȡ
Q@
¢ǓĒè ȡ[Ǔ ȲȡȪǕǓ[ȡ[
ȡǕ à
Ǘàȡ ¢Ǔ fȡ ȡ[Ǔ ǒƭȡÚȯ ĤǓ
Ǖȡȡǔ× àȡ Úȯ ĤǓ èȡèØ Ȳ èȡÚȯ G ĤǓȪ
ǕǓ[ȡ[ȡ[ àǏfȪ@¢ǓĒè ȡȣÚȯ JFCĤǓ Ǖ¢ȡ
Ǔȡȡ¡ǾÚȯĤǓǕǓ[ ȡ[ȡ[ àǏfȪ@
ȡǓȡC
ȡǓȡC
¢Ǔfȡ ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ ȡǕ
ȡ ǕǓ[ȡ[ȪǔèǓ
ȪǔèǓ
ÌÉȡȡ
àȡ
ǒ
ǒ ÌÉȡ DBIDIE
DBIDIE
IDIE DBIEIF
DBIEIF DBIFIG
DBIFIG DBIGIH
DBIGIH DBIHͬII
DBIH IIΎ
II Ǔȡ[ȡȢ
ȡȢ
àǏ
àǏ
ȡȣ¡ǾȪ

ǕǓ[ȡ[
ǒƭȡ¡ǾȪ

ǕǓ[ȡ[
èȡèØ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪ

ǕǓ[ȡ[
Ǖȡȡǔ× àȡ¡ǾȪ

ǕǓ[ȡ[
Ǖ¢ȡǓȡȡ

¡ǾȪǕǓ[ȡ[
İȪȡǒƶǕǓ[ȡ[ĤȡǓ Ύ ȡǕ à
Ǘàȡ ȡȡɋ `×ȡ ǒ¡ ED ǔãȡȡ KDB ȡȲèǙǓ fȲ Ǖȡȡǔ×
àȡ¡Ǿȡ ¢Ǔ ǕȯȪȡ FBD Ǖȡȡǔ× àȡ¡ǾȪ ǕǓ[ȡ[ ȡ[ àǏ
fȪ CFC Ǖȡȡǔ× àȡ¡ǾȪ ǕǓ[ȡ[ ȡ[ ȡȣ ¡ȯ Ȫ @ Ȣ Úȯ
170
CFB àȡ¡Ǿ ǒƳ àȡ ǗȢȡ ȯ ȡ ȡȱȧ IJB àȡ¡Ǿ ǒƳ àȡ
ȡǒ¡¡ȯȡQ@
¡ȡȪ ǕǓ[ȡ[ ȡ[ ]ȡȢ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIIIJ ȡ àǏ ȶ ȣ Ȣĭȡ
Ǒ^fȪ@DBIHȡǕǒ¡ȡ à¡ȡȪɋȡ àȪȡȡ[ àǏ
fȪ@ Ēȡ¡ȡǕǓȡ[ȪFBĤǓȡ[ àǏfȪ@ȡȢȪȣ
Ȫǐ Ǔğ¡ȯȪȡȪȡȯƳǔÛȡȡ Ȳ ȡ¡ǾȪǕǓ[ȡ[ ȡ[
DBIHȡǕǒ¡ȡ àIBĤǓ àǏfȪ@
ȡ[C
ȡ[Ǔ ȲȡǕǓ[ȡ[ȪǔèǓ

İȪȡǒƶǕǓ[ȡ[ĤȡǓ ΎDBIHȡǕ à
Ǖ¢ȡ Ǔȡ¡Ǿȡ ¢ǓĒè EJE ¡ǾÚȯ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ
ȡǕ àCKF¡ǾȪǕǓ[ȡ[ àǏfȪȯDD¡ǾȪǕǓ[ȡ[
^¡ȯ Ȫ@
Ǘàȡ GFF èȡèØ Ȳ èȡȡ ¡Ǿ Ǖ
[ Ǿȡ HGE ]Ȳǔ ȣ àȡ
CCKIèȡèØ Ȳ èȡ¡Ǿȡ¢ǓǕȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡ
HHK èȡèØ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪ ǕǓ[ȡ[ àǏ fȪ ȯ CFG èȡèØ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪ
ǕǓ[ȡ[ȡ[^¡ȯ Ȫ@
¢ǓĒè ȰǓ Ȫ ǕǓȡ[ \Û[ ȡǑȪȡ FD ǒȢ Ȫ
Ǔȡ[ ȡ[ KK ĤǓ Ȫȡȡ Ǔ Ȳ ȣ EG ǒȢ Ȫ Ǔȡ[ ȡ[
JKĤǓȡȱȡȯàȢ DEǒȢ ȪǓȡ[ȡ[ HDĤǓ
ǗȡfȪ@
DBIHȡǕ àHHDǒȢĒȡȢ ǕǓ[ ȡ[Úȯ EKFǒȢ Ȫ
ǕǓ[ ȡ[ȡèȪǏǓ àǏfȪ@
171
Ǖ
Ǖȡ Ĥȡ
ȡ Ĥȡ
Ĥȡ
Ȳ Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡ȡ `Þ ȡ^ȯ ȡ[Ǔ ȯȡȡ_ ¡
ȡǕǕ ȡ` ȢȰ¡Ȫ Ȳ Ȳ ȡ ǔƠ åèȡ fȪ @
]Ǔ[ \Û \ȡ ǓÛğ ȱȰ Ȣȡ Ǖ¢ȡ åèȡȡ ȡǔÛ Ǖ¢ȡȡ
\ǓǙǒƨ fȪ @ ȡǒ ȡǗȢ Ĥȡ Ǔ Ǖȡ \ȡ^ ȯȡȪ ǒèȡ
ȡȡ[ èȡ Ĥȡȣ Ǔȡ`ÛǗ \ǕǗãȡǋ Ĥȡȣ ȡ[ àȡ
ȡȯ ȡ[ǓȡǓȡȣ¡Ǿȡ_\ȣǔàȯȡȡȯ ¡ȣȡ_ Ǖȡ
ȡ ȧèÍȡȡ\ǓǙǒƨfȪ@
Ǖȡ
ȡ
ȡǒƶ ȫȡ ]Ȫȡ¡ǾȪ \Ǖ͕ Ĥ×¢ àȡ͕ Ǘȡ ]ȡ Ĥȡ
Û [ ĤȡÛğȢ ȡ ǔÛğǐÙȪ ȡȡ[ȡ \×ȡǕǓ ` Ǔ
Action Room Ñȡȡ ]fȪ @ ȡȰ Ȣ ]Ȫȡ¡ǾȪ ǓÛ \Ǖ [
Ǘ ǒ¡Ȫ\ǕĤȡȣȡȡ[Ûȡ¡ȯ Ȫ@
Ȱ ȯȡȣ ȡǐȡ_ ȡȪȯǒĚ Ǘȡ Ǚ à ǒ¡Ȫ ȡǒƶ ǐğ
`Þ ȡ` ȡǒƶ ǐğ åèȡ ȢǓ Ȫȡ
DBIGIH
DBIIIJ ȡǒƶ ǐğ ȡ ʷȢ g ȡǒƶ ǐğ
åèȡȡ[ǒǓ͕DBIGȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȡQ@
ȡǕ à ȡ ¡ȡ Ȫ åǔƠ ǒ Ì
ǐfȪ ȯ ȡ ¡ȡȪ ȡǒƶ ǐğ ȡ _ ¡ȡ
ȡ^[ȡǒƶǐğǒǐfȪ@
ȡ[Ǔ ǐ ĤǒĐȡȡ_ ȣ [ ȡ[Ǔ ǐ Ǔȡȣ
ȡ ȡǒ Ȳ ȪfȪ@
ȡ[Ǔ fQ ȡȣ ÊȡȪ Ȳ ¢ [ \ǓĐfȡ ÊȡȪ ȡǒ ȣ
×èȡ Êȡ ǒȡ[ ãȡ`ȯ ȪȢ¡Ǿȡ_ ȡǕȢ ȡȡ¡ȣȪ ȡȡȡ ãȡ`ȯ ȡ[
ǕǾfȪ@
Ǔȡȡ ]ȡǐ ȡ[ àȡ Ĥȡȣ \à [ `Í è ¡ǕȱȰ ǒȡȢ ĤǕ
ȡȡ ĤǕ àȡ [ȡȣ¡Ǿ ȱ Ǔȡ Ǘȡǋ ǒ¡Ȫ ȡ[ àȡ ȡ
àȫȡ ȣ ȡȡ [¡Ǿȡ_ àǔÛ ȡǓȡȣ[ȡȣȪ ȡ[ àȡ
ǗãȡǋȪ]ȡȡ^fȪ@
172
ȡǒƶ [ȡ ȯÛġȡ ȡ[Ǔ Ǔȡȡ ¡Ǖȯ \ǓǓȡ, ǒȡ ǕèȢ,
ħƴȡȡ àÛȢ ]Ǔ[ [ȡ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ àȡ
ǒ¡`ǕȣÚȯ`ǕȣʪȿfȡQ@
Ĥȡ
Ĥȡ
Ȳ Ȣ Ȳ ȡȡ Ȳ [ȡȣ Ûȣ ȡǕǗ ȡ` Ȳ Ȳ ȡ
Ûȣ ǕȡȪ àÛȢ Ȳ ǔ¢Ư ȡ[ǒǓ, DBIH Ǖ
[ ȡ fȪ @ ]Ǔ[
[ȡ Ȳ ȡ ¡ȡ Ĥȯ ȡ ¡ȡ èȡȢ ¡ȡ
¡ȡ ȣȡE¡ȡ Ûȣ¡ȯȪȡȡǕ ]Ǔ[
[ȪȡǕ à Ȳ ȡÛȣ_ȢȰ ¡ȡȡ¡ȡ
ÛȣȡfȪ@
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȯȡĤ¡ȣĤȯ Ĥ¡ȣ

ȡ[ ʶȡ Ǖȣȯ¢
Û g ȡ Ĥ¡ȣ [ȡȣ ȡȪ g ȡȣ _ ȡȪȪ
ȡ[ǕǾfȪ@
Ȳ Ȣȡ ȡȡ[Û àÛȡ ]æ ȢǓ \Ú \Ǖ Ûȡ [ ĮȪ
ȡĒȢ¡ǾȪ ȯÛġȣ Ȳ Ē¡ ^ȡ_ȡ Ǿȡ ǒȡ [ Ȳ Ȣȡ àÛȢ ǒǓǏ
ǒ¡Ǿȡ Ǔȡ[ǔ ĤǓǓǓ fQ [ȡȣ¡ǾȪ ¢ȡ ǒȡ ȡ ȡ[Đ
Ñȡ ȶ `Ƨȯæȯ ȯȡ Ĥȡ Ǔ Ĥǔ¢ ĤǓƵȡȡ Ȳ Ȣȡ \Ú ȯÛġ
èȡȡfȪ@
ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à ǓȡȢ ȯȡȡ ȡ[ Ǖ [ȡȣ ¡ȡ
Úȯ Ǖǽ[ȡȣ¡ȡ ǒ¡ȡ[ȡȣ ¡ȡ
¡ȯ ȡ Q@ ]Ǔ[ [ HH ȡ ǓȡȢ ȯ ȡȡ ǒ¡ȡȪ
¡ȡǓȡǐCDĤǓ¡ȯȪȡ¡ȡDĤǓǕȯȪ@
ȡǓȡCF
ȡǓȡCF

CF
ȯȡȪ]ȡȡǒ¡ȡ
ȡȪ]ȡȡǒ¡ȡǕǽǓȡȢ[ȡȣ
ȡȣǒ
ǒ
ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ ĤǓ
ĤǓ
ȯ ȡ
ȡ
ǕǾ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ ǕǾ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ
ȯȡ]Ǔ[Ȫȡ
EFH GC EKI JICG CDJG BFG
ȡØȡǋ ȯ ȡ
ȯȡǙǒ ȯ ȡ EIBC HKI FEKJ JFCG CGJG FKH
ȯȡĤȡ ȯ ȡ DJEDC GCGH EEFII JFH CGF EIID
ȯȡ ȯ ȡ FJDI HCJ GFFG JJHG CCEG HCE
ȯȡǔ¢ȡ ȯ ȡ CEBH DKK CHBG JCEI CJHE CJC
ȯȡèȡèØ ȯ ȡ CFBFH CDKBH DHKGD GDCC FIJK EBEI
ȯȡǒǒ ȯ ȡ CJJE CFDF EEBI GHKF FEBH EIE
ȯȡ ICEJ JHE JBBC JKDC CBIK KBC
173
_ǔÛǓǐǍ ȯ ȡ
ȯȡÛȡ ȯ ȡ ECIF IDC EJKG JCFK CJGC FEK
ȯȡȡƶ ȯ ȡ DDJ HE DKC IJEG DCHG BEE
ȯȡȯ ȡȣ¢
EEC GG EJH JGIG CFDG BFE
ȯ ȡ
åèȡǒȡ Ȳ
CKH FD DEJ JDEG CIHG BDI
ȯ ȡ
Ȳ ȰȡǓȡǓȡȣ EFD DE EHG KEI HE BFC
Ǖ Ì
ÌÉȡ
ȡ HGJFB
HGJFB DDKCJ
DDKCJ JJIGJ
JJIGJ IFCJ
IFCJ
IFCJ DGJD
DGJD
DGJD CBB
CBB
CBB
İȪ: Ȳ ȢȡǓȡȡ ȡȡÛĤȡ Ûğȡ
ǓȡȢ ȯȡȡ_ ȡȯȢ ȡ` ]Ǔ[ [ ȯ ǔ ȡȯȢ ǗǓ[
åèȡȡǕfȪ@
ȡǓȡCF
ȡǓȡCF
ȡȯ
CF
ȡȯȢȡǕȡǒ£ȡȡǓ ȡǐ fȡ`àȯȡ Ì
ȡ Ì
Éȡ
ȡ
]Ǔ[[ Ȣǒ£ȡȡǓ ȡǐ
ȡȯȢǒ£ȡȡ Ǖȡ
Ǔ ȡǐ
ǒ¡ȡ ] ȯȢ Ǔ \ȡǍ ǒ¢ȯğ àȡ

àȡ
İȪ:Ȫ ȯ ȡ]ȪȪ ȡȤk Ȳȡǒ[ĤǓȯ
ȡǔÛ Ǖ¢ȡǒåèȡ
¢ȡǒåèȡ
ĤǒǓȪ ĤȪ ȣ \ȡ \Ǖ Ûȡ ǓÛğ ȡǔÛ Ǖ¢ȡ ȡ [
ȡǕ à CHG ȡ[Ǔ èȡȡ Ǔ Ǔ ǒǓ ȡ ǐfȪ @ Ȣȡ
Ǖ¢ȡȡ_Ǖȡ`èȡȡ%23
%RUGHU2XWSRVWèȡȡfȪ@
ȯȡ ǓǓğȯ ȡǒ¡ǐȯ Ȱ ǒȯ Ȣ¡ǾȪ ȡȪȯǒĚ ǒ¡Ȫ ȯȡȣ Ȫ[ ȡ
\Úȡ Ǘȡ ĤȡȣȪ Ǔȡ[ àǏ _ ȡȡ[Ûȡ ]fȪ @ \Úȡ
ǒȡ Ǔğ Ǖ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ ǒȡè \Úȡ ȡȡ[ȡ Ȱȯǔ ȡğȡ àƨ
ȡȡȪȣ¢[)RUJHU\'HWHFWLRQ8QLWèȡȡǐfȪ@
174
]Ǔ[ \ȡȡ_ ÛǗȢ ȣ Ǖȡ ȡ ȶ Û[ȡ Ǖ ȡȱȣ ȡȡ
¡ǕǗã ȡǕȪ \Ȱ ȡȪȡ fQ èȣ ǓÛğȡ_ Ĥȡȡȣ ȡ^Ǖȡ ȡȰ
×èȡȡȪȡȡ Ȳ ÊȪȢ¡Ǿȡ_ȡǕȢȡȡ[¡ȣȪȡȡȡãȡ^fȪ@
Ǖ ȡƶ Ȳ Ȫ ȡǗk Ǔȡ è Ǔȡ[ǔ fȪ @ ȡǕ
ȯȡ Ȳ Ơ
]Ǔ[ [Ȫ ȡǕ à ȡǕk ǓÛğ ǒȯ \ȯ ʶȡȡ ȡǗk
\ȡȡ Ȳ ÊåǔƠĐȡ`ǕƧȡȡ[ȣȡǕȢȡȡ¡ȣ\ǔ
ȡ^fȪ@
Ǚ¡ Ûğȡ \Û[ ȡǒƶ ǒɮ Ȫǔ ÛǗȢ ȡ åèȡ ĤȡǓ
èȡȡ ȣ ʶȡȡ ãȡ^fȪ @ ǒɮ åèȡ Ǘȡ Ĥȡȣ ;/D^Ϳ Ȫ
ǒȡ ȣ ǒÙ àÛȢ ǒèǙ ȡ fȧǙ Ǘȡ åèȡ ȶ ȡ[Ȫ ȡȢ
fȪ@

àǔƣǕƨȢ
ȢǓȡ
Ǔȡȡè Ǖ¡ȡǓÛğ
Ǔȡȡè Ǖ¡ȡǓÛğ
àǔƣǕƨȢǓȡȡ_Ĥȡȡȣȡ` àǔƣǕƨȢȡ]ǋȡȣ
ǒĐȡȡȡ ǒƣȢ ȡȢ Ǔȡ àÛȢ ȪĮȪ ȡǒƶ ȢǓ ȡ ȡ[Ȫȡ

DBIHDBJCȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ@
àǔƣ ǕƨȢ Ǔȡ àÛȢ Q ȡ ¡Ǖ
ȯ ȯȡȪ ȡèȡǐ
ǗãȡǋȪ ȡȣ ȷ àǔƣ ǕƨȢ ȡ ]ǋȡȣ ǒĐȡȡȡ ǒƣȢ ȡȢ
Ǔȡ àÛȢȯĮȪȡǒƶȪǔǗãȡǋ àǏfȪ@
ǗÛ àǔƣȡ ȡ
Ȫʞȡ͕ǓÛğgȪǔ¡Ǖ
ȯ
ǗÛ àǔƣȡ ȡåèȡ[Ǚ¡Ûğȡȡ_ȪǒfȪ@
ȡè Ǖ¡ȡ ǓÛğȡ Ǖƨȡ¡ǾȪ Ǔ[ Ǔǽȡ fǽȡ ãȡ` ȡ
å ȡǒ ǒ£ȡȪ ǒȡ ȶ `Ƨȯæȯ ȡè Ǖ¡ȡ \Ǖ Ûȡ ȡ ǓÛğ
gDBGD ȡ fȪ Ȳ Ȫȯ ȡǒȡ ǔãȡ \ȡȡ Ǖƨȡ ¡ȯǐȯ åèȡȡ_
Ȳ Ȫȣ`Í\ȡȡǓǽ¡Ǖȯ åèȡfȪ@
ȡè Ǖ¡ȡ \Ǖ Ûȡ ȡ ǓÛğȪ ȡ[ȡ_ Ĥȡȡȣ ȡ` Ǘȡ ĤǒǓ
ĤȪȡ ȡÚȡ ȯ Ǔğ f èȡȡ \Ⱦ èȡ à ¡Ǖȯ ]Ûǐ Ǖ ȡȢȡ_
åǔè [ ȡèǕ ȡ Ǖ ȡȢȡ ȡȪ \Ǖ Ĥȡȣ ȡǕ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ
ǕǾȡȰ ȡȡ[Ûȡ]fȪ@
175
CG
CGȪȪȡȪȡ
ǓÛğ
ȪȪȡȪȡǓÛğ`ȡȡȡ¡
ǓÛğ`ȡȡȡ¡
`ȡȡȡ¡

]Ǔ[ [ DBIHIIȪ ]Ǔ[ ȶ¢ ȡȡ[ DBIH ȡǕ àȪØȡǋ
ȡ ǒ¡ǽȡ ]ȡǐ fȪȯ Ȫ ȪȪȡ ȡ_ ȪȪ ¡ȡȡȣ ȡ
ǒƳ \[Ûğȡ ȡȰ ȯȡȪ \[Ûğȡ ȯ ȡ Ǔãȡ ĤǓǕ Ĥȡ¡ǽ ȯÒ
ǒfȪ Ȱ @ ǐÍȯ ȡ DBII ȯ ǒ¡Ȫ ¡Ưȡ àȪ ȪȪȡȪ Ȳ Đ
ȪǔȡȡǓ Ȫèȡè\[Ûğȡȯ Ȫ\ ȡ_ ȯǒfȪ@
ǒƳ èȡèØ Ȳ ȡ \Ǖ ȡ Q DBCK Ȫ Ǔ ȯà EC
DBIH Ǖ CG ȡ
ǒ¡Ȫ ȪǓiCK
Ȫ ȪȪȡ ȡ_ Ȫ ĤȪ ȯ ǔfȪ ¡Ȫ@ DBII
ȯ J ȯ à ȪǓiCK ȡ ȡ ǒƳȡ DCE ȯ ȡ ¢ȯğ¡ǽȡ ȡ
ÛȡȣåǔƠȡ Ȫ Ȳ ĐǕǒƴȰ ȯȪȯ ȡǙ×Ǖ ¡ǕȯȪ Ȳ ÉȡE
ȡ ¡ȡȡ Ûȡ ȡǓ ǕǓ ȯȪ @ ȯȡȡ ¡ȡ à Ûȡ ȣ
Ȫȡ Ȳ ĐǓ_ ȯȡQ@
ȪǓiCK Ȫ Ȳ Đ Ȫȡ ȡ ǓÛğ [ ȡȢ `ĤȡÛğȢ fȲ ¢ȡ
ÛğȢȪ Ȳ Ȫ×ȡȪǓiCKȪȡȡǓÛğ`Íèȣ Û ǓǓȪ
_ ǓǓȯ ĒȢǓǓȡ[ ÛǓȶ ȡǓ ȡǐ¡ǽȶ ȯ Ȫ
@
ȪȪȡ ȡ^ ĤǓȡ[ Ĥȡȡȣ Ǎȯ ǓȪ åǔè Ûȡ× ǽȡ [
ȯȡ ȡ
ǔÛğǐɮ Ȫ ǓǓ Ȫ Ǔ[ȡǕ ȡ &29,'
&RRUGLQDWLRQDQG0DQDJHPHQW&HQWHU&&0&) fȪ@
CCMC Ȫ Ē ȡ[ȡ_ Ǔȶ [ ȡȢ `ĤȡÛğȢ ȡ ¢ȡ ÛğȢȪ
Ȳ Ȫ×ȡǓȶ ǓǓȯȡ ȡȡǕÉ ǔȪ Ȳ Ȫ×ȡ ¡Ȣ
ǓǓ ĤȡÛğȢ ȡ ǔÛğǐȪ ȡȡ[ȡ ǔȪ Ȳ Ȫ×ȡ
Ȳ ȪȪȡǓÛğ Ǖ¡fȡQ@
Ĥȯ ǔãȡèȡȢ¡ȡȪȪȡȡ^ ȪȡǓÛğȡ`ȡȡȡ
ȡ[ȡ_ Ĥȡȡȣ ȡ` ǕÉÛğȢȪ Ȳ Ȫ×ȡ Ĥȯ èȣ Ȳ ȡ ĤǕ
ǔãȡ \ǓȡȣȪ Ȳ Ȫ×ȡ ǔãȡèȣ Ȳ ȡ èȡȢ¡ȡ ĤǕȪ
Ȳ Ȫ×ȡȡǓȡèȣ Ȳ ȡ_]æȡ[^¡ȯ Ȫ@
ȪȪȡ Ȳ Đ ǓÛğ ȡ Ȫȡȡ ǒ¡ȡ èȡèØ èȲ ȯȢȡȡ_ ȯ
ǐȡǐfȪ@
ȪȪȡ Ȳ ĐǓÛğ[ \×ȡæ ȯȡĤȡ¡ȡ¡ȯ ]ÛǐfQ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ
Ǖ ȡ¡
`ȡ Ȣȡȡȡȡ ]ȡ Ȱǔ¢ Ȳ Ȳ èȡ ȡ[Ǔ ȡ ǓȢ ȡğ

176

ȡȣ Ñȡ ȡ[Ǔ fQ ȡǓ[ èȡ ȯȡ ȡ àȯ `ƭȪ Ûȡ
Ǖ ȡ` ǐfȪ @
ȡȡ Û ȣ DBIH Ȱ ğ CC ȯ ȯ ǔ Ǖ
ȡ ȡ Ĥȡǒ ¡Ǖȯ ĮǓ ȡ Ǔà ȸ åǔƠȪ Ȱ Ǔ Ȣȡȡ_
¡ ȡ` ȡ `ƭȪȢ å ȡȢ¡ǽȡ_ Ǔ¡ǽȪ `ƭȪ å ȡȪ Ȳ ¢Ȫ
ȡǓǒǓǏȡ¡Ǖ ȡ Ǖǒȡȡȡ[Đ¡ǽȡȡ[ÛǐfȪ@

ȪȪȡ Ȳ Đ ǓÛğ Ȫȡ `ȡ ȡ ȡ¡Ȫ ȡǓ İȪ åèȡ [
ȪȪȡ Ȫȡ ǓÛğ `ȡ Ȫ èȡȡ ȣ ȡȪ [ȡ ǽ GB
ȪàȡǐfȪ@`ƠȪȡDBIIȯHȯ àǽD\[ DGȪ
àȡfȪ@

ȪȪȡȪ]Ǔ[
ȪȪȡȪ]Ǔ[Ĥȡ
Ĥȡ

ȪǓiCK Ȫ ¡ȡȡȣȪ ȡ Ǔ ǔ[ \ ¡ ǐǔèǓȯ ȡ[ Ē `×ȡ
`×ȡ× fQ ]ǗǓ[ Ĥȡȣȡ ĤǓǕ Ĥȡ ȯ Ȫ @ ǒƳ ]Ǔ[ ǓǒǓȡ
Ǖèȡ ]_ ǒƳȪ Ē ]Ǔ[ Ǚǒƨ Ȫȡȣ Ǘã \Ûȡ[ǒƶ åȡȡ ȡȡ
¢ȯğȡĤǓǕĤȡȶ ȯ ǔfȪȯ ȯȡȪ\[ÛğȡǓǔà\ ȯ Ȫ
@ȪȪȡ ¡ȡȡȣȯ Ȱ Ûȡ ȣ [ ¢ȯğȡ_ \ ȯ Ȫ @ ]Ǔ[ [
DBIHII ȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ǚǒƨ CHE ĤǓȯ bȡ× ¡ȯ \Ǖȡ ¡ȯȪ
@ ]Ǔ[ [ȡ ¢ȯğȪ Ǚǒƨ IEE ĤǓ ¡ȯ Ȫ ǓȪ@ × Ȱ ȣ
ȡȡȡÖȡȡ Ȳ ȡ`×ȡǕ`ƭȪȡȢȡ`×Ǔȡ[¢ȯğȪ
Ǚǒƨ ȯbȡ×¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@
]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII ȡ ȪȪȡ ¡ȡȡȣȡ ĤǓǗ Ĥȡ ȯ ȡ ×èȡ
ǒƭǕ Êȡ ȡ ȡȢ èȡèØ ȡ ȡȡǔ ȡ[ ȡ[Ǔ Ĥȡ ȡ ¢ȡ
¢ȯğȪ Ǚǒƨ ]Ǔ[ [ Ûȡ `Í ¡ȯ ȡȱȧ ¢ȯğ¡ǽȪ Ǚǒƨ [
ÛȡÛǗ¡ȯ\Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@

ȰȯǔȪȡȣǒĤȯ

ȪǓiCKȪ¡ȡȡȣȯ ǒƳ]Ǔ[ǓǒǓȡ Ǖèȡ]f ȱȰ ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡ
\ ¡ǽ Ǖàȯ ȡȡ Ǖǒȡ¡ǽȡ ȫǓ ¡Ǖȯ ȡ Ȱȯǔ ȪȡȣĤǓȪ
ȡ¡Ǖ ÈȯfȪȯ ]ȡȢǑȡǒĤȯ]Ĥȡ¡Òȯȯ ǔÛ@

177

ȡǓȡ

ȡǓȡ

ȰȯȯǔȪȡȣǒĤȯ
ǔȪȡȣǒĤȯ]Ĥȡ¡
]Ĥȡ¡
ǒ
ǒ DBIF
DBIFIG
IG DBIG
DBIGIH
IH DBIH
DBIHII
II
ȡȱĮèȢǙǓ
Ǖ͗ĮèȢǙǓ
ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡfȡàȡ
ǒĤȯ]Ĥȡ¡
ǽ\[ȡ
Ǚǒƨ
ȡȱĮèȢǙǓ
Ǖ͗ĮèȢǙǓ
ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡfȡàȡ
ǒĤȯ]Ĥȡ¡
ȪȡǕ à
ǒȯ¡ȣ[ȯǔȰȯǔ Ȫȡȣȡȡȯ ȯȡȣ¡ǽȪ ÌÉȡȡȯ¡ȣ Ȣ]fȪ

@ ]Ǔ[ [ DBIHII Ȫ Ĥ ] ǒ¡ȡȡ Ȱȯǔ ȪȡȣȪ ȡǓ Į
èȢǙǓ Ǔȯ ȯȡȣȪ ɨÉȡ [Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ \ǓȪ Ǖȡȡ DFD ĤǓȯ
ǙǒƨfȪȡȪǓiCKȪ Ȳ ĐǕǽfȯ ǔȪĤǙȡȪǒfȪȡǒ¡ȯ Į
èȢǙǓ Ǔfȡ Ǔ ȯȡȣ ȯ Ȱȯǔ Ȫȡȣȡ ȡ ȡfȪȯ ]Ǔ[
[ȡ ȯ Ȱȯǔ Ȫȡȣȡ ȡȯ ȯȡȣȪ ɨÉȡ [Ȫ Ûȡ ¡Ǖȯ
ȯ ǔfȪ@
]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡǒĤȯ]Ĥȡ¡ǽJ[ IK\[ ¡ȯȪȡ]Ǔ[[
DBIHIIȪ]ǒ¡ȡȡǽG[ KD\[ ĤȡƯfȪ@ǒĤȯ ]Ĥȡ¡
ȯ ȱȰ ȡǕȡȡ fQ ȪȡÛ ÛǕ ȡ ǒȯ Ȣ ǒǓ Ȳ ǔǓȡ ȡ ȶ
ȯ ǔfȪ @ ǒĤȯ ]Ĥȡ¡ȡ ¡Ǖȯ ÛǗȡȯ ]ȡȢ ]Ǔ[ [ ȡɯ ¢ȯğ
ÛǕȡȡȶȯ ǔfȪ@
ȪȪȡ
ȪȪȡĤȡǒȡ_ȡ¡
Ĥȡǒȡ_ȡ¡ ¡Ǖ Ȫåèȡ
¡ǕǓǕ Ȫåèȡ
ȪǓiCK Ȫ Ȳ Đ ǓÛğȪȡ `ȡȪ Đȡ ȡǓfȡ ¡ǽȡ
\[Ûğȡ ǒǒ ¢ȡ ȯ Ȫ ĤǓǕ Ĥȡȡ_ ÛǗ Ȣ [ ǒǓǏ ȢǓ
åèȡȡ ȡȰ ǒƣȢ fQ ȫǑġ ` ȡ[ ¡ǕǓ Ǖ ȡ Ǖǒȡ
`Þȡ^fȪ@

ȯȡ ȡ
ǔÛğǐ Ȫ ǓǓ DBIHCDCH DBIICCF Ȫ
Ǔ[ȡǕ ȡȪǓiCKȪȡ\ǓĤȡǒ¡Ǖȯ ĮǓȡǓàȸåǔƠȪ
Ȱ Ǔ Ȣȡȡ_ ¡ ȡ` ȡ `ƭȪ å ȡȪ Ȳ ¢Ȫ ȡǓ ǒǓǏ
ȡ¡ȡ ȡ[Đ¡ǽ ȡȡ[Û ǐfȪ @ `Ơ ȡ¡Ȫ ȡ[Đȡ_ ȡȡ[Û
[ \ Ȳ Ǒ ¢ȯğȡ ȡ[ ĮǓ [ ȡ \ ¡ȡ¡Ǿȡ_ `Þ ȡ^ȯ ȡ¡

178

àÛȢ ȡÖ ȡǗ ǐfȪ @ ȪǓ Ȫ Ȳ Đ Ȫȡ
ǓÛğ ȡ `ȡȡ_ Ĥȡȡȣ ȡ` Ȫȯ Ûȡ^ åèȡ ȡÖ
ȪǓ Ȫ Ȳ ĐȪ `ȡȡ Ȳ Ê ǔƠȪ Ȫǔ ƣȡ åèȡ
]ȯ ȡ ȪǓ ǕǓȡ^ \èȡ Ñȡ ]ȯ ȡȣ
fȡQ@

\ Ȳ Ǒ ¢ȯğȡ Ȱ Ǔ Ïȡȡȡȣ ĮǓ¡ǽȪ Ȱ Ǔ ȡƭ ]æȡ Ǘȡ ¡Ǖȯ ȣ
ȡ` \Ǔȡ ȡǓ ȡ¡ `Þ ȡ`ȯ åèȡ ǐfȪ @ ȡ[Ǔ
ȡȡ ¡ȡȢ¡Ǖȯ ĮǓȡ_Ȱ ǓÏȡȡȡȡƭȡǏ`Þȡ`ȯåèȡ
ǐfȪ@ȡȡ]`ȯ ȡ]`ȡ¡ȯ åǔƠȯ ȡȡ]`ȯ åǔƠȯ ȡfȪ
ȡǐĮǓȪDGĤǓȡȪȡƭȡǏȡ`ȯåèȡǐfȪ@èȪȡ¡Ȫ
åèȡ [ ǒǓǏ İȪȡ àȡ ¡Ǖȯ ȣ èȡȢ¡ȡ ȪȪ åèȡ
ǐfȪ@
kȡǐ ¢ȯğȡ ȡ ȶ ĮǓ¡ǽȪ Ȣȡ ¡ ȡ` Ȫȡȡȡȡ
[ ǽȡ ǕƠȡȢȶ åèȡǐfȪ
Ǔ¡ǽȪDBIHȰ ğǒ¡ȡȪȡǐĮǓǗ
ȯ DBII Ȱ ȡ ǒ¡ȡȪ ȡǐĮǓȪ GB ĤǓ ×ȡ GB ĤǓ
å ȡ ʶȡ fǓ ǕƠȡȢ ȶ åèȡ ǐfȪ @ ȡǐĮǓ
ǕƠȡȢȡȡǓɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȡ ¡ǕǓǗ[ ȡ[ `Þȡ`ȯ åèȡ
ǐfȪ@
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡȪȡ ȪȡȡȡȪ [ȡ DBIH Ȱ ğ ǒ¡ȡȡ Ǖ
[ ȶ Ȫȡ
ȯȡ ȡȯ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡȪȡàȡȶåèȡǓȡ^fȪ@
]æ ȡƭ ȡȡĒȢȪ ]ǗǓ[ ȯȡ Ĥȡ¡ ǓǓ ȡ` ȡƭ åèȡ ȡ
åȡȡ àȢ ǓǓȯ ȡã Ěȯ ǓǍ Ⱦȯ ǓǓȯ ȡ[ CB ĤǓ Ǖ
ǒ¡ ȡƭ ȡȡĒȢȪ ǒĐȧ ǒ ȶ åèȡ ǐfȪ @ `×ȡǑ Ǚǒ `
ǔȪȡȯÛġȡȡȡÖȫȡǕ ȡȢ[ èȡȢ¡ȡ[DGĤǓǕ ȡȢ
\Ǖȡ`Þȡ`ȯ åèȡǐfȪ@ ȡȰÛȡÛȣ\ǓȪ^Ûȯȡ
ȡȡÜȡȯȡDGĤǓȡǓ CGBǕǓ àȪǒƭǕȡDGĤǓ
DGB ǕǓ àȪ ǒƭǕ ȡ CG ĤǓ `×ȡǗ `ƭȪ ĤǓƵȡ¡ǽȡ_
GBĤǓ à¡ǕǕ ȪåèȡǐfȪ@
ǒƭǕ ȯ ǓȪ ȡȯȡȢ ȡ ^ÛȯȪ ǕãȪ DBIH ȡǕȯ ǔ DBII
ȯ àȪǕãDBII\ ȡ ȡÛ àǕȡfȡǒàȡȡÊȯ ǐȡȡȡ
\ǓǐƠ Ǖã Ǖ ¡Ǖȯ åèȡ ǐfȪ @ [ȡȣ ʶȪ ȡǐ ȡȢ

179

Ȫȡȡ[Ǔfȡ[ȡȣȯȡ[Ȫ ȡȡȱÞȡǒèȡȪ ǕƠȡȢȪàȡDBII
ȯ àȡ`ȯåèȡǐfȪ@
Ȳ ĐȪ Ȫȡ ǓÛğ `ȡȡ Ȳ Ê ¡Ǖȯ èȡèØȸ¡ǽȪ DBII
\ ȡ àȡ ȡǓ ǽDG ȡ àȪ ǓȬǕã ȢȡȪ åèȡȡ ȡȰ Ǖǽ
ȪĤǓĤȪ× ȡ¡ƣȡȪåèȡǐfȪ@
ǓȢ ǒƭȡȯ ȡÚǓ ¡ àȪ f ǒ¡ȡȪ ǕãÚȯ ]ȡ Ǖã ȡ¡ȯ
\Û Ȱ ĤȡȪ Ǖã Ǖ ǑǕ ȶ åèȡ ǐfȪ @ ¡ȣ ¢ȯğȡ \ Ȳ Ǒ
ĮǓ¡ǽȯ ǕƠȡȢ Ǖ
[ ȶ f ǒ¡ȡȪ ȡȡ àǔÛ Ȣȡ_ Ǔȡ¡ȡ [
\ǕȪȣǓȡ¡ǐfȪȡȡȡ¡ȡǓȯåèȡǐfȪ@
ȪǓiCK Ȫ Ȳ Đ Ȫȡ ȡ ǓÛğ `ȡȡ ȡǓ èȢǙ ȡÖ
\Ǖ ȡȡCIĤȡȡkǓèȡèØ ȡȡĒȢèȡèØ`Ȱȡȣȡ[ ȡÊȯ
àǗ[ ¡ ǕDBIIȰȡCGȯ à ȰȡȡǓ× ǓȯCF
àȡ ȡǓ Ȳ Ȳ èȡ \Ǖ ȡ Ǖ Ǒȯ åèȡ ǐfȪ @ ȡȰ ȯ ȡè
ȯǓȡ^ ǔ[ ÊȪß ȡ Ûȣ Ȫǔ ȡÊȯ Û ȡ ¡ Ǖ Ǖ Ǒȯ
åèȡǐfȪ@
Ǖã \ǓǙǒƨ g DBGD \Ǖ ȡȪ Ǖã \ǓǙǒƨ ǒ ȡ Ȫ ǒ
\Ǖ ȡȪȡǔȡȶ àȡǕã\ǓǙǒƨǒȡ[ȪǓȯǑȡ`ȯ \Ǔ
] g DBGJ Ȫǔ Ǖȡ`Ǖ ȶ \ǓĒ ʣȢ \ǓĒ \ ǕȣȪ
ǒ \ǕȡǓ ǒ ȡǔȡ ȶ àȡ DBII ȯ DG à
ǐfȪ@ ȡȰǕȰ åǔƠȯ ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȡȪȪȡ Ȳ ĐȪȡ
ǓÛğ ȡ `ȡ Ȫȡ Ȫȡ ȯ Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ [Ȫ ȪÊ ] ȡ
ȡ[ȡ`ȡ`ȯåèȡǐfȪ@
ȪǓiCKȪȡǓ ǔ[\ ȡȡÛǐǔèǓȡȢȡ\Ǔ ȡƯfȪȢȡȯ
ǒƭǕȢ ȡÚȡ ȯ Ȣ ȶ ǒĤǓ ǕƠȡȢȪ àȡ ȶ èȪ
ǒĤǓȡÞȡȡÊȯȢȡ\Ǔȡ[ ȶ Ȫ^ȡğǒȪàȡÜȯ
ǒƭǕȢȡÚȡ ȯȢȡȡȢǓȯǑȡ`ȯ ȡȡåèȡǐfȪ
@
ȪǓiCK Ȫ Ȳ Đ Ȫȡ ǓÛğ ȡ `ȡȪ ȡǓ Ǔğ ȡƶ Ȣ ȡ
ȡȡ ¡Ȫ ĤȡƯ fȪ ȯ ǒǓǏ \Ûȡ[ǒƶ ȡǙ Ǔȡ¡ǽȡ ȯ
¡ȪȪĤǓƨȡĤȡƯfȪ@ \Ǖ ȡǒƳɇ ȡǐǽE\[ FJ
Ȫ ¡ǕǓǗ[ b \Ûȡ[ǒƶ Ǖġȡ Ȫȡ âȡǒ ĐȯǓ ȯǓ Ǔȣ \Û[
ǐǽCE\[ KȪfǓ ȡȣǒȡ ɇ ȡǐHBǓǓ\ȯǐȧ
Ȫ ¡ȡȡ ĤȡƯ ȶ ĤǒĐȡ \ȡǓ ȡ^fȪ @ ȯȡ ȡ \[

180

Ûğȡȡ ǒǓǏ ȯÛġȣ Ĥȡȯ ǔ fQ \ʶ \èȡȪ èȪǏǓ `ȡ
¢Ȫ ȯȡǒèȡ]^ Ȫȯ ȯǓȡ[kǓ`ǐȡȡȡ[Ȫ
ȡǓ èȡèØ Ûğȡ ȡ ǒǓǏ Ǔȡȡ ȡÛ ȣ ǽ F \[ G Ȫ
ȯǓȡ ȡfȪ@
ȯȡ ȡȪ ǓǓ Ȫ Ǔ[ȡǕ ȡ ÛȡÛȣȪ \Ǔȡ ȯ
Ǚǒ ȡ ǕȲȤÛ ȡ[ èȡèØ ȯȡ Ǖ ȡȢ ȯȡ ȡ[Ǔ ȯ ȡ Ĥȡ¡ȡ ȡȰ
ǒƭǕ ȡȡ Ǖ ȡ ǒȡ ]Ȫȡȡ f ȡ \Ǔ CB ȡȡ
ȡ_ȡ[ Ǖȡǽ[ ÈȯÞèȡǐfȪ@
ǒȯ ȡ ¡ȯ ȡ ȯȡȣ ǒƭȡȸ¡ǽȪ Ǔȡ[¡ [ ȡ Ǔȯ ĤȡƯ ȶ ȣ ȯȡ
ȡ ǔ¢ȡ ÛğȡȪ No Objection Letter/Certificate (NOC) ǒȡ Ǔ ĤǓ
ǒƭȡȸ\ȯǐȧGBBȡ ȪȡȪ\Ûǐ×[ ǒȯ ȢǕġȡȡ` Èȯ
åèȡǐfȪ@
ĤǓğǓȡĜȡÝǒǒȪȡÚȡȣȡ\ȯǐȧEB¡ȡȡȪ
ȡȡ]ȡ[ ȡ`ȯ ǒƭȡåèȡȡ_ǐȡ[ȣèȡèØÛğȡèȡèØ
ȯȡ ǒȡȪ Ǔ ȡǐȡ ǐȯ ȪǓiCK ȱ àǔÛ kǓÛ ȡĒȢ ȡ
èȡèØ `¡ǽȪ ]ȡȪ ¡ȡ f`Ȱ ǒȡ \ȯǐȧ C ȡ
àȪĜȡÝǒǒȪȡÚȡ]ȡ[ ǒȯ åèȡǓȡ^fȪ@
ȡȰ èȡèØ ȯȡ ǒȡȯ Ǔ ȡǐ ȯ ȡ ȪǓiCK Ȳ Đ ȱ àǔÛ
kǓÛ ȡĒȢ ȡ èȡèØ `¡ǽȪ ĤǓğȪ ȡÚȡ Ȱȡȣ ȡ[
Ȱȡȣȡ[ȯǓȡǕ ȡȡơǕȶCBĤǓȫȣȡơȶåèȡǐfȪ@
ȪǓiCK ȡ bȢ¡ǽȡ ȯ Ȫ \ ÛǗȢ [ ɇ ȡ ǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȯ
bȢ¡ǽȪ DBIH Ȱ ğ ȡÛȡ ȡ Þȡȡ Ǖ_ ĤǓ ǓÛǕȯ ȣ
]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȫȪğȰȡ ȪÞȡȡǕȶåèȡǐfȪ
@
[ ȶ ȡȡȱ ȡÞȡȪ ǕƠȡȢǕ
ȡȪȡĤȡǒbȢȯ ǓǕ [ ȶ\ǓDBII\ ȡ
ȡÛ ȡ ǐfȪ @ Ǖȡ`Ǖ ȶ ȡǓ Þȡ ȡ ]ȡ Ûȡ
¡Ǖȯ ȣCBĤǓǕ ǑȯåèȡǓȡ^fȪ@
ǐȪȡ ȡ[Ȫ ǽȡ ȡȡ ȡ ȫȡ `ƭ¡ǽȡ ɇ ȡ ǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȡ
Ĥȡǒ¡ǽCGȡ àȪ\ ȡ[ȪǓȪ Ǖ¢ȡȡǒ[DĤǓÞȡȡ
Ǖ[ȡ[ Ǖǒȡ `Þ ȡ^ȯ åèȡ ǐfȪ @ ǒƣȢ ĤȡȣȪ ȡ ¡
ȡ`ȯȡȡƶɇ ȡ^ȡğ ĤȡƯ “”“” “”[ȡ Ȳ èȡȯ ȯȡȡƶ
ɇ ȡȡơǕ ȶ \Ǔȡ[ ȫÏȡEĤǓȡȡǐfȪȯ ɇ GĤǓ
ȡǐfȪ@

181

ȪȪȡ ¡ȡȡȣȡ bȢ¡ǽȡ ȯ Ȫ \ ÛǗȢ [ ɇ ȡ ǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȯ
DBIHȰ ğ ȡÛȡȡ¡ȯȪåȡȡDĤǓǓÛǕȯ ȣ]Ǔ[[
DBIHIIȪȫȪğȰȡ ȪÞȡȡǕ
[ ȶåèȡǐfȪ@
Ǖ[ȡ[ȪǙǒƨȣǽGB\[ȡǽHB\[ȷ ǽC[Ǖâȡ^ȪǓiCK
ȪĤȪȯȣĤȡǒ¡å ȡȡ_`Þȡ`ȯåèȡǐfȪ@
Ēȡ ȪǓiCK ȡ ȡ ȡ Ȣȡ èȡèØ Ǖ¢ȡ ȱȰ ]Ǔ[ ǒȡ Ȫ
Ǔȡ ȯ ǕȫǓ¡ǽǒfȡQ@fȡǓȡǐȢ¢ȡȡȡǓ ȡȡÛȡ
åǔƠ¡ǽȪ ]ȡ ȪÈǕ ȯ Ȫ ȯ \ȡ[Ǔ \[Ûğȡ \Ǔ ]æ
ǓǒǓ¡ǽȡ_ȡȡȡ_ȡơǕ ȯ Ȫ@ ȡȯ ȪǓiCKĤȡǒ¢ȯğȡ
\ǔ ȡfȪ ȡ¡ Ǖǽ×ȡ ]Ǔ[ ȡ åȡ ȡǒ ǓǒǓ Ȱ [ ȯǔÛġ
¡ȯȡ@

182

ǒƴ]Ǔ[ǐ Ǘ

ǒƴ]Ǔ[ǐ Ǘ¡Ǿ

ǐ Ǘ HH
HH
HHHI HI
HI
HIHJ HJ
HJ
HJHK HK
HK
HKIB IB
IB
IBIC IC
IC
ICID ID
ID
IDIE IE
IE
IE IF I
II I
IIH I
II
Cȡèǒ¢ȯ
ȡèǒ¢ȯğ
ǽ\[
\[ȡ
ȡ[Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
]ȡǗǗãȡ
ȡ[ǕǕã\ǓǙǒƨ
ǒ¡
Ǚǒ
`ƭȪ
ȯȡ
ȡ[Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
`×ȡȪǗãȡ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
ĤǓǗãȡ
Ǖȡǒƶ]
ĤǓǗãȡ
Ǖȡǒƶ[ȪÊ]àȡȢ
ĤǓǗãȡ
Ǖ`Ȫ
ǕȡȢ
ǕǔèǕȱȢǓȡ[
ȡȣ
ǓȢ
ȫÏȡǐ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ
Ǖȡǒƶ
ĤǓåǔƠ]
ȯȡȣǽȰ ȡȱ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
ǔèǗãȡ
Ǖȡǒƶ]
ǔèǗãȡ
\ȯǐȧ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
ĤǓǗãȡ
Ǖȡǒƶ]
ȡèǒ¢ȯğ
ĤǓǐ[
ȡ[Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
]ȡǗǗãȡ
ǕǕã\ǓǙǒƨ
ǒ¡
Ǚǒ
ǒƴ]Ǔ[ǐ Ǘ¡Ǿ

ǐ Ǘ HH
HH
HHHI HI
HI
HIHJ HJ
HJ
HJHK HK
HK
HKIB IB
IB
IBIC IC
IC
ICID ID
ID
IDIE IE
IE
IE IF I
II I
IIH I
II
`ƭȪ
ȯȡ
ȡ[Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
`×ȡȪǗãȡ
ĤǓǗãȪǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
`×ȡȪǗãȡ
Ǖȡǒƶ]
ĤǓǗãȡ
ĤǓǗãȡ
ǔèǗãȡǽ
ĤǓǗãȡ\ȯǐȧ
Ǖ ȡ¡[è Ø`×ȡ ȱ Ȫ\Ǖȡ
Ǖ`Ȫ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ
Ǖȡǒƶ
ǕǔèǕȱȢȡȢ
ǕǔèǕȱȢȡ ȡȣȡȢ
ǕǔèǕȱȢȡǓȢȡȢ
ȫÏȡǐ[
ǕȡȢ
ÌÉȡ
Ǖ ÌÉȡ
ȡȡ
ǔèǓ
ǗãǔèǓ ȡǒ[
ȡǒ[ĤǓǐ[
`ȪƠȡǕġȡèȧǓ
ǔǓȢȪȡǗãȡ]ȡǐǕġȡèȧǓ
ĤȡǓ¢ȯğ
ǑƮȢ¢ȯğ
ȯȡ¢ȯğ
ȪǕġȡèȧǓ
ȡÏȡȡǕġȡèȧǓ

Ïȡȡ
ȡ[Ǔǒƣ
ǽ\[ȡ
ȡè
ǒƴ]Ǔ[ǐ Ǘ¡Ǿ

ǐ Ǘ HH
HH
HHHI HI
HI
HIHJ HJ
HJ
HJHK HK
HK
HKIB IB
IB
IBIC IC
IC
ICID ID
ID
IDIE IE
IE
IE IF I
II I
IIH I
II
ȡè
Ȱȡè
Ȳ Ȣȡè
ȡè
Ȱȡè
Ǖ ȡȣ[
ȡǕ[
ǕȱȢ[
ǒƣȢåèȡ
ȡȡȱǕƠȡȢ[
b ȯȡ
ȡȡȱåȡǕƠȡȢ
Ǔ[ȡȱȧ ȡ[Ǔb
Ǔ[ȡȱȧ]Ûǐb
Ǔ[ȡȱȧȰȯǔb
Ǿɇȡȡ
ĤǓåǔƠǕǓ[ȡȱȧb
ȡ[
ȡ[Ǔǒƣ
ĤǓǐ[
ȡè
ȡè
Ȱȡè
Ǖ ȡȣ[
ȡǕ[
ǕȱȢ[
ǒƣȢåèȡ
ȡȡȱǕƠȡȢ[
b ȯȡ
ȡȡȱåȡǕƠȡȢ
Ǔ[ȡȱȧ ȡ[Ǔb
Ǔ[ȡȱȧ]Ûǐb
Ǔ[ȡȱȧȰȯǔb
ĤǓåǔƠǕǓ[ȡȱȧb
Ǖȡ¡[è Ø`×ȡ ȱ Ȫ\Ǖȡ
ǒƴ]Ǔ[ǐ Ǘ¡Ǿ

ǐ Ǘ HH
HH
HHHI HI
HI
HIHJ HJ
HJ
HJHK HK
HK
HKIB IB
IB
IBIC IC
IC
ICID ID
ID
IDIE IE
IE
IE IF I
II I
IIH I
II
ȡè
ȡè
Ȱȡè
Ȳ Ȣȡè
ȡè
Ȱȡè
Ǖ ȡȣ[
ȡǕ[
ǕȱȢ[
ǒƣȢåèȡ
ȡȡȱǕƠȡȢ[
b ȯȡ
ȡȡȱåȡǕƠȡȢ
Ǔ[ȡȱȧ ȡ[Ǔb
Ǔ[ȡȱȧ]Ûǐb
Ǔ[ȡȱȧȰȯǔb
\Û ȱ Ȫ\Ǖȡ
Ǔ[ȡȱȧȰȯǔbȡè
b ȯȡ
ȡȡȱÞȡǕƠȡȢȡǕ[
Ǔ[ȡȱȧȰȯǔbǒȯ ȢǒǓ ǔʶǓ
EǕ
Ǖġȡȡɇ ǒ#

ǽ\[
\[ȡ
]Ûǐȡ[
ǓȢ¢ȯğ[Ȫȡ[
ȡ[ȪǕȡ[
Ȳ ǕǔǕġȡĤȡ
fC
Ǖġȡ
ǔãȪ
ǒèǙǕġȡĤȡ
fD
ǕǓ¢ȯ
ĤǓǐ[
]Ûǐȡ[ CKF CFE KE CID CDI CHD CJD DBH DHG DCF DBE
ǓȢ¢ȯğ[Ȫȡ[ CIK CEK CCE DBD CJE CKF DED CJB DDE CKC CGB
ȡ[ȪǕȡ[ DIK CKI BE EB CGF CBF ECB IBE JDF FBE GJK
ǒƴ]Ǔ[ǐ Ǘ¡Ǿ

ǐ Ǘ HH
HH
HHHI HI
HI
HIHJ HJ
HJ
HJHK HK
HK
HKIB IB
IB
IBIC IC
IC
ICID ID
ID
IDIE IE
IE
IE IF I
II I
IIH I
II
Ȳ ǕǔǕġȡĤȡ
fC CCC FJ CJH CFF CII CKI CJG CEC CIH JH CCB
Ǖġȡ
ǔãȪ CDF CK DBC CFK CHD CJI DCE CBG CGB CI KC
ǒèǙǕġȡĤȡ
fD CHI CDD DDI CHF CKC CKK CKG CGG CKF CGJ CEB
ǕǓ¢ȯ CHC CDK DDK CIF CJF DBC CKF CFB CKD CJB CEJ
Ǖȡ¡[è `×ȡ ȱ Ȫ\Ǖȡ
Ǖ]Ûǐȡ[ HHJ HHH HGC HJJ HHK ICI JBC JCF KBG KHI CBHK
ǓȢ¢ȯğ[Ȫȡ[ GEG GED GEB GIF GJH HFG IGC IFI JBD JFC JJK
ȡ[ȪǕȡ[ CCF CDB CBI KK ID HB EK GH KB CCC CHC
Ȳ ǕǔǕġȡĤȡ CIJ CHE CIE CIJ CJC CKK DDE DCE DDB DCB DCF
Ǖġȡ
ǔãȪ CCI CBF CCD CCH CCH CDI CFG CEG CEI CDD CDE
ǒèǙǕġȡĤȡ HJJ HIF IFB IIH IKI JJD KKH KHK CBCH CBEH CBIG
ǕǓ¢ȯ HCC HBD HHD IBC ICH IKE JKG JHB KBC KEG KIJ
ȡƻ¢ȯ
ȡƻ¢ȯğ
ǽ\[
\[ȡ
Ǔȡ[
èǕ
]ȡ
èǕ
åȡȡȡȡ
[]
ǒĤȯ]
ȡǗȡȡ

ȡȡ
ȪȡÛ

ȡȡ
ǒȯ ȢǒǓ Ȳ ǔǓ
ĤǓǐ[
Ǔȡ[
èǕ
]ȡ
èǕ
åȡȡȡȡ
[
ħ]
ǒĤȯ]
ǒȯ ȢǒǓ Ȳ ǔǓ
Ǖȡ¡[è `×ȡ ȱ Ȫ\Ǖȡ
Ǔȡ[
]ȡ
ǒƴ]Ǔ[ǐ Ǘ¡Ǿ

ǐ Ǘ HH
HH
HHHI HI
HI
HIHJ HJ
HJ
HJHK HK
HK
HKIB IB
IB
IBIC IC
IC
ICID ID
ID
IDIE IE
IE
IE IF I
II I
IIH I
II
åȡȡȡȡ
[]
ǒĤȯ]
ȡǗȡȡ

ȡȡ
ȪȡÛ

ȡȡ
ǒȯ ȢǒǓ Ȳ ǔǓ
ǒȯ ȢǒǓ Ȳ ǔǓȪ]ȡȡǏȯ ¢ȡ
èǕ]ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ
èǕȡ ȯȡ]ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ
Ǔȡ[1]ȡ\Ǖȡ

ǒȯ ȢǒǓ
ĤǓ\ȯǐȧǽ
İȪȬ\[Ûğȡ¡ȡȯȡǓÛğȡȡ[ȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡȯȡȡƶɇ@ ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȡȢȡ`×Q ȯ

Cȡǒ[Ĥȡǔà\Ǖȡ ǐǒĐȧȪȡǒ[k ȡǕ]Ǔ[[ȪȡǕ àȪk @
ġƴåȬ]Ǔ[[DBȯ ǔ Ȫ
DȪȸȡ]ȡǐ@
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ ȱȪ\Ǖȡȡǒ¡ ȡȡ[`×ȡȪĤǓǗãȪǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ ȱǐfȪ@

\Ǖ ǗȢȢ¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ
¡Ǿ

\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢȲ ǒ
ǒ ǙƵ
C Ē
C Ē
Ē]Ǔ[ǔèǓ
ǔèǓ CCG
CG
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪȡǒ[Ǚǒƨ
kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ C
Ǖ`×ȡ
kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ D
Úȸ`Ȫ
kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ E
ǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ
kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ
ĤǓǗãȡ F
ǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ
kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ
]ȡ[
G
DBGIGJȪǗãȡ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
åǒǓ\Ǖ ȡ
ĤǓǗãȡ H
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
åǒǓ\Ǖ ȡ
]ȡ[DBGIGJȪ
I
ǔèǗãȡ
Ǖȡǒƶ[ȪÊ]àȡȢ J
ǒƴ]Ǔ[ǐ Ǘ¡ǽ K
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡǙǒƨȡǗã Ǘȡǋ
CB

Ǚ¡QkƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪǗã Ǖȡǋ
^ǔàÜǓ ɪ CC

kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ CD
CCE Ĥȯ ǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ

kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ CE
CCF Ĥȯ Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ Ȳ ȡ CF

Ǚ¡kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡȪĤȯ Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ
CCG CG
Ȳ ȡ
DĤȡȯ ǔ]Ǔ[ȡ ȡȡǔǔèǓ
\Ǖ ǗȢfȪ
DĤȡȯ ȢfȪ
E ȡ[ Ǔǒƣ
E ȡ[Ǔǒƣ CH

ȡȣ[ ȡȪİȪ CH
ȡƳ CI

Ȳ Ȣ ǔʶȪȡȡǔȡfȪȡè
ȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯ
EDC CJ
ȡè
ȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯ
EDD CK
ȡè
i
\Ǖ ǗȢȲ ǒ
ǒ ǙƵ
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȯĤȡƯ
EDE DB
ȶȡè
EDF Ȳ Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡Ȣȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯ ȡèȪǒ DC
Ȱıȡè DD
ȡǕ[Ȫ ȯȡȡȡ[ǒ
ȱ Ȣ[Ȫ ȯȡȡȡ[ǒ
Ǘ
bȪ ȡȱȡ ǕƠȡȢ͕ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȡbȡȯȡȢ
èȢǙȰȯǔ ¡ȡȡ
İȪ\Ǖ ȡ
Ȱȯǔ ¡ȡȡ`Ȫ
İȪ\Ǖ ȡ
Ȱȯǔ\ǕȡȪ ȯȡȡȡ[`Ȫǒ
ǾȪȡ
ȰȯǔbȪ`Ȫǒ
ǾȪȡ
ǕȰȯǔb
Ǖ]ÛǐbǓçȡ
ǾȪȡ
ȡȣbğ¡ǾĚȯ ȣǓ¡ǾȪèȡǓ×Ȫǒ
FǗ
FǗã

ȡǒƶ`ȪƠȡǗã Ǘȡǋ
ȡǒ[ǒÛǕ`ȪƠȡǕġȡèȧǓ

Ǘ¡`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽȪȡǒƶ`ȪƠȡǗã Ǘȡǋ͕ȡǒ[

k
ȡǒ[ǒÛǕȡǒƶ`ȪƠȡǕġȡèȧǓ
Ǘ¡`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽȪȡǒƶ`ȪƠȡǗã Ǘȡǋ
Ĥ]

ǒ¡ȡ
Ǘ¡`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽȪ`ȪƠȡǗã Ǘȡǋ
ȡȡɋ͕Ĥ

]ǒ¡ȡ
ȡ_͕Ĥ]

ǒ¡ȡ
¡ȡ͕Ĥ]

ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ¡ȡ͕Ĥ
ii
\Ǖ ǗȢȲ ǒ
ǒ ǙƵ
]ǒ¡ȡ
FCB ȡǒƶȪǗã Ǘȡǋ
ȡǒ[
FCC ȡǒƶȪǕġȡǔèǓ
ȡǒ[ǒÛǕ
FCD ȡǒƶȪǗã Ǘȡǋ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
FCE ȡǒƶȪǗã Ǘȡǋ
ȡǒ[k
FCF ȡǒƶȡÏȡȡ Ǘȡǋ
FCG ȡǒƶȡÏȡȡ Ǘȡǋ
ȡǒ[k
FCH ȡǒƶȡÏȡȡ ǗȡȲȪȡǒ[ǒÛǕǐ[
FCI ȡǒƶȡÏȡȡ Ǘȡǋ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
GǒƣȢ¢ȯ
GǒƣȢ¢ȯğ

ȫǑġ ȶ¢
ǕġȡĤȡȡĤȡȡȶȡ¡Ǿ
ȡǒ[ĤǓȯ͕ȡ
ǕġȡĤȡȡĤȡȡȶȡ¡Ǿ
ȡǒ[ĤǓȯ͕ĤǓȡ
ǕȡȡȡȪȡǔèǓ
Þȡ Ȳ ȡ

ĤǓ
Ǔ¢ȯǐȡȡȡ[Ĥȡ¡
ǽȪȡ
¢ȯğ]ȡȡȡ[Ĥȡ¡Ȫ\èȡ
ǽȪȡ
ɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪ Ȳ Éȡ
ǒƣȢȱ¡
Ǖ ȡȯ¡ȣǐ Ǘ
B ɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪ ȡȪİȪ`Ȫ
ȡǔÏɇ ¡ǾȪ ȡȪİȪ`Ȫ
ȡǔÏɇ ¡Ǿȡ\ Ǖ¡Ǖȡȱȧȡ[Ȫ¢ȯğǒ
ǒȡ ɇ ¡ǾȪ ȡȪİȪ`ȪȪǒ
ǒƣàȢ¡ǽȪ ȡȪĮȪ`ȪȪǒ
ǕǒƣǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȪ ȡȪİȪ`Ȫ
¡ȡȣ Ȳ èȡȪ]ȡǗǔèǓ H
ĤȡǓȡ H
ȪİȪȡ
Hȡ
Hȡé
¢ȯğ
ȡé

iii
\Ǖ ǗȢȲ ǒ
ǒ ǙƵ
ȰȯǔåȡȡȪǔèǓ
èǕåȡȡ
f ]^ȣ Ȣ Ǘ¡
ȡǓȡ[fȡȯ¡ȣĤǕèǕ¡ǽ
ȢǓȡ[fȡȯ¡ȣǕÉèǕ¡ǽ
Ǖ [Ǔȡ[fȡȯ¡ȣǕÉèǕ¡ǽ
ȡȢȡ¡ȯȡ\ÛǕ
ȡȡ]ȡfȡȯ¡ȣĤǕèǕ¡ǽ
Ȣȡ]ȡǐfȡèǕ¡ǽ
Ǖ ȡ]ȡfȡȯ¡ȣǕÉèǕ¡ǽ
ȡȢȡ¡ȯȡ\ÛǕ
ǐ×[ǒȯ ȢǒǓȪ]å
B ɇ ¡ǽ ȱ¡ȯȪǕȰȯǔ àǔƣ
ȪȡÛǔèǓ
IǐȢ
IǐȢ
ǐȢǓȡȪȡȣ
ǓȡȪȡȣ

ȰȯǔȪȡȪȡǓĮèȢǙǓǓȯȡȡȪ Ȳ Éȡ
ĮèȢǙǓǓ_ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡfȡȡȡ¡ǽȪǒ
ǕȡèȪȡȪȡfȪȡȢ\ Ǖȣǒ
J
JǙ ǒ ȡ ǕǓ Ǖȡ
ǒ͕ ȡ J

ĤǕȡƭȡǏȡȣȡfȪ¢ȯğ͕`×ȡ`×ȡ×
ĤǕȯ ȡȣȡfȪ¢ȯğ͕`×ȡ`×ȡ×
\Ûȡȣ`×ȡǔèǓ
ǕÛ`×ȡǔèǓ
ȡ ȡǓȪǓĐȧǒ
Ǔ Ȳ ȡ_Ǔèȡ
¡ȡȣȪ`×ȡǒ
kƭȪǓȡȣȪ`×ȡǒ
ȡȡȣȪ`×ȡǒ
B ǕÛȤȪ Ȳ Éȡ
ǕÛȤÛ`×ȡȪǔèǓ
Ǚǒ`×ȡ ȱ àǔÛ ȡ¡ǽȪ]ǗǓ[ǔèǓ
ĤȡǙǓĤȪȡĤȡǒȡȣ¡ǽȪ¢ȯğ
¡ȯÈ
iv
\Ǖ ǗȢȲ ǒ
ǒ ǙƵ
ɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȯĤȡ¡ȯ ȪǙǒȡ[ȪǔèǓ
ȡȡǒ ȡǒȡ ǕǒƣǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡǓǓȯ Ȫ èȡb

ȡȢǔèǓ
Ǔ ȱȡ^Ȫǒèȡ
¡ȯÈȡ
Ȱȡȡ Ì
ǔèǓ
Ȳ ǔ¢¢ȯğȡħȶ[ ÌÉȡȡè]àȡȢȪǔèǓ
ǙǒÛèǕ¡ǽȪǓȡ[]ȡȪ\èȡ
K`ƭȪ
K`ƭȪ͕
`ƭȪ ȡǔÏ͕
ȡǔÏ ]ǗǓ[[

Ĥȯ Ǿȡ`ƭȪȪǒ
ǒ[ȡèȢǙǓĤȡƯ`ƭȪȪǒ
ǒ[ȡǗǒȯ ȢȡȢ
[] ȡ^\Ǔ
Ǖ [] ÌÉȡ
ĤǕǕ
[¢ȯğȡ]ǔ[ǒȯ ȢǕġȡ
¡Ȫ¡ȪȰáȡ
[ȡȪ¡ ÌÉȡ
ħȪ`Ƨȯæ\Ǖ ȡ[]
ÌÉȡ
¡Ȫèȯ ǒ
CB]ȡ ȡ ¡ȣǒȡ
CB]ȡ ȡ ¡ȣǒȡ ͕
]ȡ ȡ ¡ȣǒȡ ȡȡ`ȡ[
C

`ȡ[Ȫǒ
dŽ͗dŽŶĞƐŽĨKŝůƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚͿ
ǒƭǕ`×ȡȡȪǔèǓ
aȡ[ȪǔèǓ
dŽ͗dŽŶĞƐŽĨKŝůƋƵŝǀĂůĞŶƚȡ
ǒƭǕȡ͕͕`×ȡfȲȫǓ Ȳ ȡ
Ȱǔãaȡ[ĤȪȪǔèǓ
CCȫǓǗ ȡ͕
CCȫǓǗȡ[ȡ ȡȡȡȡ ʶȡ
ȡȡȡȡ ʶȡ

ȡȣ ȡ¡ǾȪ Ȳ Éȡ
Ǖ Ñȡ ȯȡȪ\èȡ
CD ȡȡǔ¢ȯ
CD ȡȡǔ¢ȯğ C
CDB
CDB
Ĥȡǔàȡǔ¢ȡȪǔèǓ
v
\Ǖ ǗȢȲ ǒ
ǒ ǙƵ
]Ǔ[[ȡǒƭȡȡȡğȡğȡ¡ǽȡ_`Þ

ȡğǙǔƣ àÛȢǒ
ĤȡǒǓȡå ȡǒȡǓȡ[Đ¡ǽ
ȡÚǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ^; ȡǒȪf f Ȣȣ¢ȡǓǓ

ȣ¢ȡȡ ǔàǓ`ƣȢ[ǒƭȡȸ¡ǽȪǒ
¢ȡCCCDȡȡǒ[ȣ¢ȡȡ ǔàǓ`ƣȢ[ǒƭȡȸȪ

Éȡ
]ȡǗȡÚǓǒƭȡȡǒƭȡȸ¡ǽȪ Ȳ Éȡ C
ǒǓǏ¡ǒȡ\Úȡ[ȪfȡǒƭȡȸȪ Ȳ Éȡ
ǒǓǏǒƳǒƭȡ\Û[ȡÈȡà ¡Ǿȡǒƭȡȸ ȲÉȡ

]Ǔ[[DBIIȡǒƳǒƭȡȡǒǓǏ¡ȡ\Ú

ǒƭȡȸ Ȳ Éȡ`×ȡǒ
`Íǔ¢ȡȡ\Úȶǒƭȡȸ Ȳ Éȡ
Ǔğ ǕǒƳǒƭȡȪǒƭȡȸ`×ȡǒ
ĤǕèȡèØ Ǘ`ǔÞ
ĤQèȡèØȪǒ C

DBIGȫ àȡȯȡȯǓfȪǔ ȡȡ[fȡǒȯ£
C
ǔǒ× ¡ǽȪǒ
ȡȯȡȢ ȯȡȪǒèȡ
CEǗ
CEǗàǓȪ
àǓȪǕǓ[ȡ[

ǔãȡǽȡǓȢ]ȡ \ǕȡǒȪ\èȡ
ǒÜȢȬ
ǒÜȢȬ
• ȯ¡ȣ ȡǓȡ¡ǽ ȡȱ fȡ Q@ ȯ¡ȣ ȡǓȡȡ ȡȱȡ
Format) Øȡǋ ĤèǕȢȡ ǐ[
fȪȯǒ[ȡȡǓȡ¡ǽÛȡǓǏǽȡĤèǕǐfȪ@
• Ǔ Øȡǋȡ_ ǔȪ ȡ ȡ Ȫȡ Ȱȡȡ \ǋ¡ǽ Round -up ¡Ǖȯ fȪȯ Ǖ Ȫ Ǔã
È@
• ȡǓȡȡ ȯ ȡ^fȪ ȡȣ ȡ`ȱ ȯ ȡȡÛȡ àǔÛ Øȡǋ ĤȡƯ fȪ ȡ Øȡǋ ÏȡȰ ÛǗ
(Negligible)fȪȡ`ȱ @
• ȡǒȪȡ ȢǔãȡĤȯ ȲFĤȯ ȲGȡȡ ȡǒȪǽǕ ǔãȡĤȯ ȲGȡ[ȣ
Ĥȯ ǕȰȡȯ ȪȯȢĤȯ ¡ǽȡØȡǋȡȯ¡ȣȡğȡȡ[ È@
• ǒƣȢ Ȳ Ȣȡ ȡǗ f Ʊȡ ȯȰ ȡ[Đ¡ǽ Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡ȡ ¡èȡÛ _ fȡȯ
\ǔȡØȡÌ¡ǽ× Ǔȡ[ ȱĤ×¢ǕȡȪÊȰ Q@
vi
\Ǖ ǗȢC
ȢCC
Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪȡǒ[Ǚǒƨ
ƨ
kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ
ȡ

ǔèǗãȡ
ĤǓ
]Ǔ[[
Đ Ȳ kƭȪǓȸ

Ǚǒȡ
×èȡ×è
ȡȢȡ`×Q
`ƭȪ
ǒƭǕÊȡȱ ȡȡȢ
Ǔȡ[
ȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ
¡Ȫȡȯ ƴǕȯ Û Q
ȡȡȡ ÑȡȡÖȡ
ǒƣȢÚèȡ
ǐ^ƴȯ ȡȡȡåȡ ȡǒǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ
ȡ[ǓĤȡ ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
èȡèØ ȡȡǔȡ[
\Û ȡǕȡǒ ȡȡǔȡåǔƠǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ
Ǚǒ
ȰıǙǒ
ǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ
\Ĥ×¢ǒƣȢÚèȡ ȯȡ ȯ
\Ĥ×¢ǒƣȢÚèȡ ȯȡ
Ø`×ȡ
]ȡǗǗ ãȡ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ ȡ
`×ȡǑèǕ¡ǽȡǕ
Ø`×ȡ
`×ȡȪǗ ãȡ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
ȡ
İȪȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡDBI@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
1
\Ǖ ǗȢC
ȢCD
Ǖ`×ȡ
ȡ
`×ȡ
kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ

ĤǓǗãȡ
ǽȡȡ
]Ǔ[ [
Đ Ȳ kƭȪǓȸ

Ǚǒȡ
×èȡ
ȡȢȡ`×Q
`ƭȪ
ǒƭǕÊȡȱ ȡȡȢ
Ǔȡ[
ȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ
¡Ȫȡȯ ƴǕ ȡȱ
ȡȡȡ ÑȡȡÖȡ
ǒƣȢÚèȡ
ǐ^ƴȯ ȡȡȡåȡ ȡǒ

ȯ ȡ¡Ǿ
ȡ[ǓĤȡ ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
èȡè ȡȡǔȡ[
\Û ȡǕȡǒ ȡȡǔȡ

åǔƠ ȯ ȡ¡Ǿ
Ǖ `×ȡ
`×ȡ
]ȡǗǗãȡ
ȡ
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
2
\Ǖ ǗȢC
ȢCÚȸ`Ȫ
Úȸ`Ȫ
Úȸ`Ȫ
kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ
ȡ

ĤǓǗãȡ
Ǿȡȡ
]Ǔ[[
Đ Ȳ kƭȪǓȸ

Ǚǒȡ
×èȡ
ȡȢȡ`×Q
`ƭȪ
ǒƭǕÊȡȱ ȡȡȢ
Ǔȡ[
ȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ
¡Ȫȡȯ ƴǕȡȱ
ȡȡȡ ÑȡȡÖȡ
ǒƣȢÚèȡ
ǐ^ƴȯ ȡȡȡåȡ ȡǒ ȯ ȡ¡Ǿ
ȡ[ǓĤȡ ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
èȡè ȡȡǔȡ[
\Û ȡǕȡǒ ȡȡǔȡåǔƠ ȯ ȡ¡Ǿ
ȫǑġÚȸ`Ȫ
ȫǑġÚȸ`Ȫ
`ȪƠȡȪǗ ãȡ
ȡ
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
3
\Ǖ ǗȢC
ȢCF ƨ
kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ
ǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ ȡ

ĤǓǗãȡ
Ǿȡȡ
]Ǔ[[
Đ Ȳ kƭȪǓȸ

Ǚǒȡ
×èȡ
ȡȢȡ`×Q
`ƭȪ
ǒƭǕÊȡȱ ȡȡȢ
Ǔȡ[
ȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ
¡Ȫȡȯ ƴǕȡȱ
ȡȡȡ ÑȡȡÖȡ
ǒƣȢÚèȡ
ǐ^ƴȯ ȡȡȡåȡ ȡǒ ȯȡ¡Ǿ
ȡ[ǓĤȡ ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
èȡèØ ȡȡǔȡ[
\Û ȡǕȡǒ ȡȡǔȡåǔƠ ȯȡ¡Ǿ

ǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ
\Ĥ×¢ǒƣȢÚèȡ ȯ
\Ĥ×¢ǒƣȢÚèȡ
ǕǗ ã\ǓǙǒƨ
ƨ

]ȡǗǗ ãȡ
ȡ
`×ȡǑè¡Ǖ ǽȡǕ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ ȡ
Ø`×ȡ
`×ȡȪǗ ãȡ
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
4
ȢC
\Ǖ ǗȢ
CG Ǖ Ǘã\ǓǙǒƨ
ƨ
kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ
ȡ

]ȡ[DBGIGJȪǗãȡ

Ǿȡȡ
]Ǔ[[
Đ Ȳ kƭȪǓȸ

Ǚǒȡ
×èȡ
ȡȢȡ`×Q
`ƭȪ
ǒƭǕÊȡȱ ȡȡȢ
Ǔȡ[
ȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ
¡Ȫȡȯ ƴǕȡȱ
ȡȡȡ ÑȡȡÖȡ
ǒƣȢÚèȡ
ȡ[ǓĤȡ ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
èȡèØ ȡȡǔȡ[
Ǚǒ
ȰıǙǒ
ǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ
\Ĥ×¢ǒƣȢÚèȡ ȯ
\Ĥ×¢ǒƣȢÚèȡ
ƨ
]ȡǗǗ ãȡ
Ǖ Ǘ ã\ǓǙǒƨ
ȡ
èǕ¡ǽȡǕ
\Ǖȡ
Ø`×ȡ
`×ȡȪǗ ãȡ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
ȡ
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
5
ȢC
\Ǖ ǗȢ
CH Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
Ø`×ȡ
åǒǓ\Ǖ ȡ
ȡ

ĤǓǗãȡ
Ǿȡȡ
]Ǔ[[
[Ȫȸ

Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
Ø`×ȡ
`×ȡȪǗ ãȡ
ȡ
\ǔÛ`Ȫ[
ȡȣ`Ȫ
ȡǕǒ¡`Ȫ
åǔƠ`Ȫ
ǓȢ`Ȫ
ȡƭ
Ȱ-ȡƭ
ȯ ȡ
ȡȡȡ`ȯ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽ
ǐȡȪȡèǒ\ǔÛ`Ȫ[
ǕǕ
ȱ ȢǓȡ[
ǕǔèǕ
ȱ ȢǓȡ[
ȡȣ
ǓȢ
ȫÏȡȡǐ[
èǕȡ ȯ ȡ¡ǽȪǕǓȡ[
]ȡ
èǕ
ȯ ȡ
Ǔȡ[
èǕ
ȯ ȡ
ȯȡȪȯ
ȪǽȡĤèǕǐfȪ@ ȡ ȯ ȡȯ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
6
ȢC
\Ǖ ǗȢ
CI Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
Ø`×ȡ
åǒǓ\Ǖ ȡ
ȡ

]ȡ[DBGIGJȪǔèǗãȡ

Ǿȡȡ
]Ǔ[[
[Ȫȸ

Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
ȡ
Ø`×ȡ
`×ȡȪǗ ãȡ
\ǔÛ`Ȫ[
ȡȣ`Ȫ
ȡǕǒ¡`Ȫ
åǔƠ`Ȫ
ǓȢ`Ȫ
ȡƭ
Ȱ-ȡƭ
ȯ ȡ
ȡȡȡ`ȯ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽ
ǐȡȪȡèǒ\ǔÛ`Ȫ[
ȱ ȢǓȡ[
ǕǕ
ȱ ȢǓȡ[
ǕǔèǕ
ȡȣ
ǓȢ
ȫÏȡȡǐ[
èǕȡ ȯ ȡ¡ǽȪǕǓȡ[
]ȡ
èǕ
ȯ ȡ
Ǔȡ[
èǕ
ȯ ȡ
ȯȡȪȯ
ȪǽȡĤèǕǐfȪ@ ȡ ȯ ȡȯ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
7
ȢC
\Ǖ ǗȢ
CJ Ǖ ȡǒƶ[ȪÊ]àȡȢ

ĤǓǗãȡ

Ǿȡȡ
]Ǔ[[
ǒ

Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
Ø`×ȡ
`×ȡȪǗ ãȡ
ȡ
ȡȡȪ
Ǖ
`×ȡ]ȡȡǑ^fȪ\Ǖȡ

ȡfǓ
`×ȡȡȡÊȯǕ
ȡȣèǕȡȡÊȯǕ
ǕȡȡǓǔĮ]
Ǖ ȡ]
Ǖȡǒƶ]

ǕȡǕ¡èȡÛ
GNDI
\ǔÛ`Ȫ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ
Ǖȡǒƶ
ǕǕ
ȱ ȢǓȡ[
ȡȢ
ĮȪȪ\Û

ȡȡ

]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
8
ȢC
\Ǖ ǗȢ ǒƴ]Ǔ[
CK ǒƴ]Ǔ[ǐ Ǘ¡ǽ
]Ǔ[[
ǒ

Ǿ
ĤǓǗãȡ
ĤǓåǔƠǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡǙǒƨ
ĤǓȡ
ĤǓåǔƠǕȡǒƶ]
Ǿ
ĤǓǗãȡ
ĤǓåǔƠǕȡǒƶ]Ǚǒƨ
ĤǓȡ
ĤǓåǔƠǕ[ȪÊȡǒƶ]
Ǿ
ĤǓǗãȡ
ĤǓåǔƠǕ[ȪÊȡǒƶ]Ǚǒƨ
ĤǓȡ
ǔèǗãȡ
ĤǓåǔƠǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡǙǒƨ
ĤǓȡ
ĤǓåǔƠǕȡǒƶ]
ǔèǗãȡ
ĤǓåǔƠǕȡǒƶ]Ǚǒƨ
ĤǓȡ
ǔèǗãȡ
ĤǓåǔƠǕ[ȪÊȡǒƶ]Ǚǒƨ
ĤǓȡ
ĤǓåǔƠ]
\ȯǐȧ
ĤǓåǔƠǕȡǒƶ]
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
ĤǓȡ
Ǖ`Ȫ[
Ǖȡ¡[èØ
Ǖȡǒƶ
èǕȡ ȯȡȪǓȡ[
èǕȡ ȯȡȪ]ȡ
ǕǔèǕȱȢǓȡ[
ĮȪ\Û
ǕȡǒƶǗȡȢ
ǒĤȯ
ĤǓȡ
ǒǓ
\ȯǐǒǾɇ ȡ
Ȳ Éȡ
ȡȡ
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
9
\Ǖ ǗȢC
ȢCCB
CB
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ
Ø`×ȡ ȡǋ
Ǚ¡QkƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡǙǑƮȡǗã Ǘȡǋ ȡ
]Ǔ[[
ȸ

]ȡǗǗãȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ

ĤǓǗãȡǾȡȡ
ĤȡǓ¢ȯğ
ǑƮȢ¢ȯğ
ǙȢ¢ȯğ
]ȡǗǗãȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ

ǔèǗãȡǾȡȡ
ĤȡǓ¢ȯğ
ǑƮȢ¢ȯğ
ǙȢ¢ȯğ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪȡǒ[ǙǑƮ

]ȡǗǗãȡ
ĤǓȡ
ĤȡǓ¢ȯğ
ǑƮȢ¢ȯğ
ǙȢ¢ȯğ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ^ǔàÜǓ Ǘã

Ǘ ȡǋ
ĤȡǓ¢ȯğ
ǑƮȢ¢ȯğ
ǙȢ¢ȯğ
ĤǓȡ
ĤȡǓ¢ȯğ
ǑƮȢ¢ȯğ
ǙȢ¢ȯğ
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
10
\Ǖ ǗȢC
ȢCCC
CC
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡǗã Ǘ ȡǋ
ȡǋ
^ǔàÜǓ ɪ
^ǔàÜǓ ɪ
]Ǔ[[
kƭȪǓȸ

Ǚǒȡ
×èȡ
ȡȢȡ`×Q
`ƭȪ
ǒƭǕÊȡȱ ȡȡȢ
Ǔȡ[
ȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ
¡Ȫȡȯ ƴǕȡȱ
ȡȡȡ ÑȡȡÖȡ
ǒƣȢÚèȡ

ǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ
ȡ[ǓĤȡ ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
èȡèØ ȡȡǔȡ[

åǔƠ ȯȡ¡Ǿ
ĒǗ ã Ǘ ȡǋ
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
11
ȢC
\Ǖ ǗȢ
C
ȡ
ȡ
kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ

ĤǓǗãȡ

ĤǓȡ
]Ǔ[[
kƭȪǓȸ

Ǚǒȡ
×èȡ
ȡȢȡ`×Q
`ƭȪ
ǒƭǕÊȡȱ ȡȡȢ
Ǔȡ[
ȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ
¡Ȫȡȯ ƴǕȡȱ
ȡȡȡ Ȳ ȡȡÖȡ
ǒƣȢÚèȡ
ȡ[ǓĤȡ ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
èȡèØ ȡȡǔȡ[
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
12
\Ǖ ǗȢC
ȢCCE
CEĤȯ
Ĥȯ ǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ
ƨ
kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡ
ȡ

ĤǓǗãȡ

Ǿȡȡ
Ĥȯ C Ĥȯ D ȡȢ Öȧ Ĥȯ G ȡ[ȣ ǕǗ ǔæ Ǖ Ǘ ã\ǓǙ ǒ ƨ
Đ Ȳ kƭȪǓȸ

Ǚǒȡ
×èȡ
ȡȢȡ`×Q
`ƭȪ
ǒƭǕÊȡȱ ȡȡȢ
Ǔȡ[
ȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ
¡Ȫȡȯ ƴǕ ȯ Û
ȡȡȡ Ȳ ȡȡÖȡ
ǒƣȢÚèȡ

ǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ
ȡ[ǓĤȡ ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
èȡèØ ȡȡǔȡ[

åǔƠǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ
ǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ
\Ĥ×¢

ǒƣȢÚèȡ ȯ
\Ĥ×¢ǒƣȢÚèȡ
Ǖ ȡ¡[ èØ`×ȡ

]ȡǗ Ǘ ã ȡ
èǕ¡ ǽȡǕ
Ǖ ȡ¡[ èØ`×ȡ

`×ȡȪǗ ã ȡ

]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
13
ȢC
\Ǖ ǗȢ CF
CCF Ĥȯ
Ĥȯ Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ Ȳ ȡ

ĤǓȡ
Ĥȯ C
C Ĥȯ D
D ȡȢ Öȧ Ĥȯ G
G ȡ[ȣ ǕǗ ǔæ Ǖ ȡ¡[è Ø`×ȡ
Đ Ȳ kƭȪǓȸ

Ǚǒȡ
×èȡ
ȡȢȡ`×Q
`ƭȪ
ǒƭǕÊȡȱ ȡȡȢ
Ǔȡ[
ȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ
¡Ȫȡȯ ƴǕȯÛ
ȡȡȡ Ȳ ȡȡÖȡ
ǒƣȢÚèȡ
ǐ^ƴȯȡȡȡ

åȡ ȡǒǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ
ȡ[ǓĤȡ ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
èȡèØ ȡȡǔȡ[
\Û ȡǕȡǒ ȡȡǔ

ȡåǔƠǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ
k Ȫȡ
]ȡǗ

Ǘã ȡ
ȡ
k Ȫȡ
`×ȡȪ

Ǘã ȡ
ȡ
Ǖ ȡ¡[è Ø`×ȡǙǒ ƨ

ȡ

]ȡǗǗã ȡ
Ǖ ȡ¡[è Ø`×ȡǙǒ ƨ

ȡ

`×ȡȪǗã ȡ
İȪȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡDBI

]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
14
\Ǖ ǗȢC
ȢCCG
CGǙ
Ǚ¡kƭȪǓȸ\Ǖ ȡȪĤȯ Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ Ȳ ȡ

ĤǓȡ
Ĥȯ C
C Ĥȯ D
D ȡȢ Öȧ Ĥȯ G
G ȡ[ ȣ ǕǗǔæ
Đ Ȳ kƭȪǓȸ

Ǚǒȡ
×èȡ
ȡȢȡ`×Q
`ƭȪ
ǒƭǕÊȡȱ ȡȡȢ
Ǔȡ[
ȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ
¡Ȫȡȯ ƴǕȯÛ
ȡȡȡ ȲȡȡÖȡ
ǒƣȢÚèȡ

ǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ
ȡ[ǓĤȡ ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
èȡèØ ȡȡǔȡ[

åǔƠǒĐȡȡ¡Ǿ
àȡ

]Ǔ[[DBIIȪ\Ǖȡ@
15
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢ C
C ȡȣ[
ȡȣ[ ȡȪİȪ

ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[ [ ȡǕ àȪ

Ȣ[
DBHJ
DBHJ
DBHJ HK DBHK
DBHK
DBHK IB DBIB
DBIB
DBIB IC DBIC
DBIC
DBIC ID DBID
DBID
DBID IE DBIE
DBIE
DBIE IF G
G H G
G H H
HI
ȡè\Ǖȡ
ȡ
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ
Ȣ ȡȪ DJIIK
DJIIKHJ EEECI
EEECIDD EKHEC
EKHECGD FFJEE
FFJEECD GCIIC
GCIICHH HFFGE
HFFGEBC IHHKG
IHHKGGK IHBKG
IHBKGBF FFKIB
FFKIBBB FGEKB
FGEKBIG GDGGI
GDGGIHF
ȡè
\ǔȪ
ȡè
ȡȱȡȱ \ǔȪ
DFFEI
DFFEIFC DKHBD
DKHBDCD EGHHD
EGHHDBJ FBGJH
FBGJHHG FJCKH
FJCKHCI HBKCI
HBKCIKK IDHIC
IDHICIG FEBGJ
FEBGJGB GBBBF
GBBBFID GFHJF
GFHJFCH
]DBIG
DBIG IH ǓȪȡğ
ǓȪȡğ
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȡè
ȡ ǒ¡
Ȣ ȡȪȡè
ȡȱ ȡ ǒ¡
DFFEI
DFFEIFC DKHBD
DKHBDCD EGHHD
EGHHDBJ FBGJH
FBGJHHG FJCKH
FJCKHCI HBKCI
HBKCIKK IDHIC
IDHICIG IECEH
IECEHHC FEBGJ
FEBGJGB FEIHH
FEIHHFH FIKIB
FIKIBIK
]DBIG
DBIG IH ǓȪȡğ
ǓȪȡğ
DCCIDDH DGKDCFK ECDFFCE EGGKGGJ FDCBKHH GGEJHHG HGKFKCG HFEDBHE EJIFCJB EKGGJJI FEDKFDB
\Ûȡè
Ȱȡè EDHGCG EHJBHD FFCIKG FKKCBI HBJHGB GGECEF HIDDHB JJCGKJ FECHHB FDBIGK FHIHGJ
ȫÏȡȯǽǕ DHC
DHCDF CKD
CKDCD GIE
GIEFD HBK
HBKBG EDIIF
EDI EFC
EFCIK GGD
GGDEJ CBBF
CBBFCC EJH
EJHEB IKG
IKGDI EGEI
EGEIHC
\Ǖȡ FBJC
FBJCBE EGDD
EGDDKJ EEKH
EEKHBD EHEI
EHEIFD EDFI
EDFIIG ECKE
ECKEDF EFIC
EFICFH DKGJ
DKGJFE CGDG
CGDGDB JDK
JDKBD CBFK
CBFKDF
Ȱȯǔ\ǕȡĤȡǓƯ FBJCBE EGDDKJ EEKHBD EHEIFD EDFIIG ECKEDF EFICFH DKGJFE CGDGDB JDKBD CBFK
CBFKDF
Ȣ
[
ȡǕ Ǘȱ Ȣ DKFJG
DKFJGBI EBDBG
EBDBGEK EIBDD
EIBDDHG FDJDG
FDJDGCC FKFGF
FKFGFJGF IDIEH
IDIEHF KHIHE
KHIHEED KGIKJ
KGIKJBC FKIEG
FKIEGHB FKJIB
FKJIBDG GFIDH
GFIDHBI
ȡǕ [ DFEFH

DFEFHBB DFIFG
DFIFGGG EBEGE
EBEGECI EEKFB
EEKFBIH EICDK
EICDKIC GCJHC
GCJHCHC HKHKCKH
HKHKC ICHFC
ICHFCIH FBECC
FBECCIB FBJEK
FBJEKDC FGBIJ
FGBIJCJ
ȡǐĮǓ1 Ǖǒȡ HGKHGG HHBFHB JFEGHI JJGFEC JKDHJC CCJJEGF CCCFJEJ KKKEGJ IGGHKB HHJFHG IIGHGB
ȡ ȡȡȡ ȯȡȪ`Ȫ DEIGCB DEDJGE DKKGBE ECJDEI FFGJGD GICEED HDJGEJ EJFFIH EGCCHB CIJFJF DBBJGC
åȡ ȯȡ[ CGCHBJ CEIEHI CDBEIK KDHED JHIEB CBBDEI CHDFIE DBICFH JFFJB CDDDKF CFJGHB
¡ȡ
Þ ȢȢ FHFBG FDDIE CCFGG CBCJI KFCJ CBGHE CBCIB KCJC FIJB FJIF GIGC
\Ǖȡ
ĒȡÛÒ CBEHIKK CBDFJKK CEFKFCB CGIHKBK CIBJFIJ DFEKKKF FBKFEFG FFECIKB DDKEKIB DFICEIH DGBIIJD
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ EBCFBE EIGFFE FBJBDF GBIGIJ GHIFIC JIDJDC KGHBGH CCEBKKJ GEKBKB HEJBDF JGGKIE
\Û[ CDDB CDHB DKIK ECBC DEFB DJHB DIIG CDDI DBBB FBF CEDGC
Ǖȱ Ȣ[ GCEK

GCEKBI GFGK
GFGKJF HHHK
HHHKFI JJJF
JJJFEG CDEDG
CDEDGCF DBJIF
DBJIFJE DIBIC
DIBICEI DFCGHDG
DFCGH KFDE
KFDEKB KBEC
KBECBG KHFI
KHFIJK
ǕȱȢ[ GCEKBI GFGKJF HHHKFI JJJFEG CDEDGCF DBJIFJE DIBICEI DFCGHDG KFDEKB KBECBG KHFIJK
ȯ

ÛǗ

IBG
IBGEK ECCC
ECCCJE DHBJ
DHBJJI DBBJ
DBBJBC DECH
DECHJB JDJE
JDJEFF DBBHI
DBBHIIE CKIBD
CKIBDKI FIHG
FIHGHB FFIK
FFIKGB DCHJ
DCHJFE
ǒƣȢåèȡ
Ǖ
ǒƣȢåèȡ IKJ
IKJKI CIBE
CIBEDC DECF
DECFBH DKGG
DKGGDF EKGK
EKGKGH EKFB
EKFBIF CDIDF
CDIDFEK IHCI
IHCIHH CDBBF
CDBBFCB JKE
JKECH FE
FECE
ǕbȡȢ CCJI
CCJIHI JHD
JHDDI CDKD
CDKDIK DHDG
DHDGIF CCCD
CCCDDH DGKI
DGKIBI CGKHBI
CGKH EHEH
EHEHBK JKB DID
DIDID DCDJ
DCDJFB
]ÛǐbȡȢ CDBHEI KEIJB CEFKII DJEEKB DFJCHH DJKCBK CKCKGI EKFDIB DGCCB EFDGJ DCKEDE
]ÛǐbȡȢȪǒȡ[
ȡ`ȯ CJIB IGGE GHKJ DBJCH CEHKFB DKFBD EDEGB EBHHC DFDDB HKJH HFJE
Ǖȯ ȡȢ CDBK

CDBKEJ JKB
JKBCJ KFG
KFGCB CBGC
CBGCBF CDIB
CDIBBJ CKIB
CKIBIJ FFII
FFIIIB GJHK
GJHKII GBK
GBKCB DCKI
DCKIEH KBE
KBEFK
]ÛǐȯȡȢ CDBKEJ GEGHG KFCDE JGDFB CCKKFB CHJIFI FFHBJK GJFGII FKDEB DCIEEE JIFGB
ȰȯǔȯȡȢ B EGFGE EJI CKJHF IBHJ DJEEC CHJD DFBB CHJB DFBE DJKK
ǕȰ ȯǔ b DCH

DCHJF DEJ
DEJKF FFB
FFBIJ CDDD
CDDDDF DGKI
DGKIJK EGEB
EGEBKE JBEC
JBECGF CBKCH
CBKCHHE DBFF
DBFFIB FCDB
FCDBGF GBCG
GBCGFC
ȰȯǔbȪ ȡȱȡǕƠȡȢ CEGEDF CFCKBC CHIDFH CIBFCJ CIIKGC DDIBED CJGJKD DBBEJK KBKBB KDDDF CCKDCG
ȰȯǔbĤȡǓƯ
ȡ`ȯ CGIBBJ CHGIKG DCCEDF DKDHFD FEIIFB GJBCDG KJKBFH CDKDBGD DKGEIB GBFDIJ HDBIGH
Ǖ]Ûǐb DKIK
DKIKCJ CJK
CJKIC GCHKG
GCH GBB
GBBIB EIFF
EIFFBC FKII
FKIIHH CBIHH
CBIHHHE HDBH
HDBHJK CBFII
CBFIIFB IGI
IGIEC DBDH
DBDHHG
]ÛǐbȪ ȡȱȡǕƠȡȢ HHDHJ DBKFBC DGCGDG FIFEBB GBEEFK EJGHCF EIBJFH EFECEC CGBDFB IGIEC DBGECE
]ÛǐbĤȡǓƯ
ȡ`ȯ EHFCJI CKBFEB CKKJEB FDFDEB JIIIGB JJEEJB CFFIGBK KHEJDB CCKIKJB BBB DHFJ

Ǧ ÛǗ

KE
KEGJ CFBJ
CFBJHC DKF
DKFJC KFI
KFIDE HDIH
HDIHEH FEFD
FEFDIB IEFE
IEFEEF CDBJG
CDBJGEC IDEJ
IDEJGB EGJH
EGJHEF DDCC
DDCCGH
İȪ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[@ ȪȬ-ȯ ȡ ȡȯ ]Ǔ[[DBȯ ǔ

DB\Ǖ ȡ]ȡ[Ȫȯ ȡǋȯ Ȫȯ Ȫ\ȡǓȪØȡǋȯ ǔ Èȯ @
]Ǔ[[Ȫȡè[ȪĤȡǔàǒȡȡȱȡȱ\ǔȪ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȡè ÌȡȯǽǕȡĤȡƯĤȯ ȡ Ȳ fȪȡè ȯȯȡÌ_ǽ[\[Ȫȡ¡ȯ Ȫȡ¡ȡȯȡ
ǓÛğȡȡ[Ȫ\ǔÛĤǓȯȪǔȯǽǕĤȯ Ȫȡèȡf Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȡè Ì

ȡȱȡȱ\ǔǽ[\[ȪȡfȪ@
1
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȢD
DȡƳ
ȡƳ
ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[
]Ǔ[ [
ȡƳǔ[
DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBI
DBI I DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII
II
CCCBB ]
]Ǖ
ǕȡȡȡǗȲ ȢȡȡȡÊȯ GCEB
GCEBEB HFCJ
HFCJHI IGHC
IGHCEH JHCH
JHCHGH CCFCE
CCFCEJB CFFJF
CFFJFHC CGFIK CJJEBEJ
CGFIKBB CJJEB CECHH
CECHHKD
CCCCB fȫȣ[ȡåǔƠ]ȡȡÊȯ CDDKDJ CGGFCG CKFEFB DDGGIJ DKKHGB EFJGFG FCFBHK GFJKGE FDEBFI
CCCDB ǓȡȪ]ȡȡÊȯ EBFKFF EIBHID FGFDEB GDBEEI IBKHKB KDHFJF JIGKHJ CBFJHJC HFJFBG
CCCEB ȡȢȪ]ȡ\Û]ȡȡÊȯ JGCGJ CCGIJB CBIGHH CCGIFC CEDBFB CIEFEC DGIJHE DJGFBG DFGDFB
CCDBB ȡǐĮǓȡ]ȡǐ CGG

CGGGB CJJ
CJJ BH DFF
DFFKK DKD
DKDGJ EDH
EDHKJ FCE
FCEHK GBK
GBKIJ HBBHD
HBB FGD
FGDFH
CCDCB ȡǐĮǓȡ]ȡǐ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ CGGGB CJJBH DFFKK DKDGJ EDHKJ FCEHK GBKIJ HBBHD FGDFH
CCEBB àǔƣ EGJ

EGJJF GEF
GEFBD HHI
HHICC KEK
KEKKF CECF
CECFKF CJDK
CJDKFB CKEE
CKEEDE CB
CBKI B ED
CCECB \ àǔƣȡȡÊȯ DKF BEI DJG DCK BGC CEGK CBE CBKI BED
CCEFB ǒƣȢǕ
ȱ ȢȡȪȡȡȡÊȯ EGGKB GEEHF HHFDH KEIIG CECFFE CJCGJC CKEDDB BBB BBB
CCFBB èǕ ȡ ȯ ȡȡ]ȡǐ CCBGH

CCBGHCB CDKDI
CDKDIBG CGIIC
CGIICJF CJBBD
CJBBDGD DBGHH
DBGHHJI DIJGH
DIJGHJK EFJBF EKGHFDJ
EFJBFKF EKGHF DHIIC
DHIICCI
CCFCB Ǘã\ǓǙǒƨ
Ǘ\ IBKEBF JEFCJF CBCCBFH CCDGDCJ CDDFCCK CHCBHJE DBHJBKJ DFBCDCE CHHEJCD
CCFDB \ÛȬǕã EBBCHC EHDEFI FGFCDH GEGEJD HGIIHF JFJBGG CBDGIKD CDCJGEG IKIIKF
CCFFB ǒȯ ȯ ȡȡȡÊȯ FKBD HGGE JIEG CBECK CDJFC CHCDB DBHFG CGDFG ICEG
CCFGB Ǖȡ[ȡ ȯ ȡȪ`Ȫȡ ȡȣ ȡȡȡÊȯ KCDFE JKHDC CBEDII CDKEEE CHCKHE ECBJED EHGKGK EDCFEG DBJEIG
CCGBB Ȱ ȯ ǔåȡȡȡ]ȡǐ FEEK

FEEK BH GHKE
GHKECJ HIKJBG
HIKJ IFJF
IFJFCE JDCG
JDCGKC CBEBG
CBEBGJJ CDHJH
CDHJHGF CFEEC
CFEECKB KEFF
KEFFDK
CCGCB ]ȡȡȡÊȯȲ ȡ¡ Ǖ FBKBGK GFEDIK HFCDGF IBGDHI IIJDDD KJFCBE CDCHCFJ CEIBBJH JKBIFG
CCGDB Ȳ ȡ¡ ǕǦǓȡ[ JHCG FEKC CBHHG ECFH CCEI CDGC CBDG DEIH CBGC
CCGHB Ȱȯǔåȡȡȡ]ȡǐ\Û CHDED DCHFJ DIJJH FBBBB FDDED FGDEE GCFJC HBIDJ FDHEE
CCHBB \Û CED

CEDEJ CHBGD
CHB DBB
DBBII DGK
DGKJF DIC
DICCH FKH
FKHCJ GEG
GEGHH GDD
GDDDF CK
CK DG
CCHCB å ȡȯ ǕƠȡȢȶ GDHI HDEF JIDD CCJGB CCFCG CGKJG CHBGC
GDDDF CKDG
CCHDB å ȡȡ¡ȯ \Ûȯ ǕƠȡȢȶ IKIC KJCJ CCEGG CFCEF CGIBC EEHEE EIGCG
DCCIDCJ
Ǖ àȡ DCCID DGKDC
DGKDCFK ECDFF
ECDFFCE EGGKG
EGGKGGI FDCBK
FDCBKHH GGEJH
GGEJHHG HGKFK
HGKFKCG IEJHB
IEJHBFB FKIGF
FKIGFFB
İȪ¡ȡȯȡǓÛğȡȡ[@ ȡǕ
ȡǕ àȪ
17
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȢD Ȳ
Ȳ Ȣ ǔÑȪȡȡǔȡfȪȡè
ȪȡȡǔȡfȪȡè
ȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯ ȡè
ȡè
ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ

ȡè Ȳ ȯ ȡèȢ[
DBI
DBII DBI
DBII
CCCBB ]
] Ǖ
ǕȡȡȡǗȲȢȡȡȡÊȯ CJJDD
CJJDD DG CBCHG
CBCHG II CECHH
CECHH KD
CCCCB fȫȣ[ȡåǔƠ]ȡȡÊȯ GFJCEK EECDEK FDEBFI
CCCDB ǓȡȪ]ȡȡÊȯ CBFJHJC FJEGGG HFJFBG
CCCEB ȡȢȪ]ȡ\Û]ȡȡÊȯ DJGFBG DBCIJE DFGDFB
CCDBB ȡǐĮǓȡ]ȡǐ HBB

HBB HD EJHFF
EJH FGD
FGD FH
CCDCB ȡǐĮǓȡ]ȡǐ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ HBBHD EJHFF FGDFH
ȡǐĮǓȡ]ȡǐ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ HBBHD EJHFF FGDFH
CCFBB èǕȡ ȯ ȡȡ]ȡǐ JBGF

JBGF HE GEGG
GEGG BE GCEE
GCEE JE
CCFCB Ǖã\ǓǙǒƨ CGG

CGG DB CBH
CBH BJ J GC
ȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯ ȡ¡ȯ \ÛİȪȡĤȡƯǕ\ CGG

CGG DB CBH
CBH BJ J GC
CCFDB \ÛȬǕã FJCB

FJCB BE EEIE
EEIE KD EBJC
EBJC KG
CCFDD \ÛǕã]ȡ FJCBBE EEIEKD EBJCKG
CCFFB ǒȯ ȯ ȡȡȡÊȯ B BB B BBBEHH B BB
CCFFC ȰȯǔȪȡ ȯȡ BBB BBBBEHH BBB
CCFGB Ǖȡ[ȡ ȯ ȡȪ`Ȫȡ ȡȣ ȡȡȡÊȯ DJJD

DJJD IH CIGH DB
CIGH CJHF
CJHF DG
CCFGE [ȡ ǕȡèǕ GFDKB EBKEF GKEKE
CCFGF Ǔȡ[ȡ àȡèǕ CCEGDH IBECD FIIEC
CCFGG Ǘȡ[ȡ CDBFHB IFEIF IKEBD
CCFHB èȡèØȪǔ DBH

DBH HF CCJ
CCJ JE CIK
CIK CD
CCFHC èȡèØȪǔ`×ȡ DBHGH CCJJE CIFCG
CCFHD èȡèØȪǔ]ȡ BBJ BBC FKI
CCGBB Ȱȯǔåȡȡȡ]ȡǐ CFEEC

CFEEC KB KHDF
KHDF CE KEFF
KEFF DK
CCGCB ]ȡȡȡÊȯȲ ȡ¡ Ǖ CEIBBJH KCIBDD JKBIFG
CCGDB Ȳ ȡ¡ ǕǦǓȡ[ DEIH CEIK CBGC
CCGHB Ȱȯǔåȡȡȡ]ȡǐ\Û HBIDJ FFBCD FDHEE
CCHBB \Û CDH

CDH HK CBE
CBE IK K IE
CCHCB å ȡȯ Ơ

Ǖ ȡȢȶ CDH
CDH BF CBE
CBE EI K HD
CCHCC àȢǔƶȯ èǕ CDDDK CBBDI KFB
CCHCD fȯÛ Ȣǔƶȯ èǕ EIG ECB BDD
CCHDB å ȡȡ¡ȯ \Ûȯ Ơ

Ǖ ȡȢȶ B HG B FD B CC
CCHDD ¡ȡ¡ǓȡȪ^ȡğèǕ BHG BFD BCC
Ǖàȡ FCKEH
FCKEH CB DGHEG
DGHEG CH DJCBI
DJCBI DD
İȪ¡ȡȯȡǓÛğȡȡ[@
18
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȢDD
D Ȳ
Ȳ Ȣ ǔÑȪȡȡǔȡfȪ\Ûȡè

ȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯ ȡè
ȡè
ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
ȡè Ȳ ȯ ȡèȢ[
DBI
DBII DBI
DBII DBIH
DBIHII
CCEBB àǔƣ
àǔƣ
Ȳ Ĥȯ ¡ȡĤȪ¡Ǖȯ BEF BDH BED
CCECB \ àǔƣȡȡÊȯ BEF BDH BED
CCECC åǔƠ àǔƣȡȡÊȯȡǒ[ BDB BCD BED
CCECD Ȳ èȡ àǔƣȡȡÊȯȡǒ[ BCE BCE BBB
CCFBB èǕȡ ȯ ȡȡ]ȡǐ DII
DIIFB CKI
CKIFF CCC
CCCIE
CCFFB ǒȯ ȯ ȡȡȡÊȯ CGD
CGDFG CCH
CCHDI IC
ICEG
CCFFD èȡèØ ȯȡ FFGC EHKC DBJJ
CCFFE ǔ¢ȡ ȯȡǕãȰǔ¢ Ȳ èȡ ECBI DHID FDE
CCFFF ǔ¢ȡ ȯȡǕãȰȯǔ IHJI GDHF FHDF
CCFGB Ǖȡ[ȡ ȯ ȡȪ`Ȫȡ ȡȣ ȡȡȡÊȯ CDF
CDFKG JC
JCCJ FB
FBEJ
ȡȣ ȡ
ȡȣȡ[ȡǒ[
CCFGC CHKB CEFH BHG
ȡȣȡȯ ȡȣ
CCFGD Ǘȡ[ȡ ȯȡȪ`ȪȡȡÊȯ CBJBG HIID EKIE

CCHBB \Û CBB BEJ CBG
CCHCB å ȡȯǕƠȡȢȶ BJD BEI CBG
CCHCF ȯ ǓȪff ʶȡèǕ BIJ BEH BIC
CCHCG ȯ ǓǓ ʶȡèǕ BBF BBC BEF
CCHKB \Û BCJ BBC BBB
CCHKC \Û BBK BBC BBB
ȱ ȢȡȪȡȡ
\Û
ȡȱȡȱ^[ĤȡƯ¡Ǖȯ\ÛȬǕãǒƣȢȡǗ
BBK BBB BBB
ȡÊȯèȡèØȪǔ]ȡ
Ǖàȡ DIJ
DIJIE CKJ
CKJBK CCE
CCECC
19
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ E
DE Ȳ Ȣ ǔÑȪȡȡǔȡfȪ\Ûȡè
Ȳ

Ȳ Ȣ ȡȯĤȡƯȶȡè
ȡè

ǾȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
ȡè Ȳ ȯ ȡèǔ[
DBI
DBII DBI
DBII DBIH
DBIHII
CCCBB ] ǕȡȡȡǗȲȢȡȡȡÊȯ
]
Ǖ JCF FEJ BBB
CCCCB fȫȣ[ȡåǔƠ]ȡȡÊȯ JCF FEJ BBB
CCCCF Ǚǒ]ȡ
Ĥȯ JCF FEJ BBB
CCEBB àǔƣ
Ȳ Ĥȯ ¡ȡĤȪ¡Ǖȯ
àǔƣ CB
CBHF KID BBB
CCECB \ àǔƣȡȡÊȯ JDH JCI BBB
CCECE fǒǙ àǔƣ
èȡȢ¡ BBC BBC BBB
CCECF ǗǓȡȪ
èȡȢ¡ JDG JCH BBB
CCEDB Ǖ àǔƣȡȡÊȯ

èȡȢ¡
èȡȢ¡ DEJ CGG BBB
CCEDC ¡ȡ
èȡȢ¡ DCK CFF BBB
CCEDD ¡ȡǒȫȣ
èȡȢ¡ BCK BCC BBB
CCFBB èǕȡ ȯ ȡȡ]ȡǐ BBB BBB BBB
CCFIB Ȫʷ BBB BBBF BBB
CCFIC Ǔ ȯȡǕȯÛĚȣ
èȡȢ¡ BBB BBB BBB
CCFID ǒ£ȡ
èȡȢ¡Ĥȯ BBB BBBFDC BBB
CCFIE \ÛȪʷ
èȡȢ¡Ĥȯ BBB BBBBDI BBB
CCHBB \Û CBG
CBGBK HK
HKEH BBB
CCHCB å ȡȯǕƠȡȢȶ CCB BDC BBB
CCHCE å ȡǔƶȯ èǕ
èȡȢ¡ CCB BDC BBB
CCHDB å ȡȡ¡ȯ \ÛȯǕƠȡȢȶ CBE
CBEKK HK
HKCF BBB
ȡ\ǕǓğ ȡȣȡ[ǒȡ àÛȢèǕ
Ĥȯ
CCHDC CBEKK HKCF BBB
èȡȢ¡
CCHEB ǙǒȡǕÛȡȪȡȡȡÊȯ

èȡȢ¡
èȡȢ¡ BBB BBBBBCH BBB
CCHEC BBB BBBBBCH BBB

ǙǒȡǕÛèǕȪåȡ ȡǒȡȪȡȡȡÊȯ
CCHED \ȯȪ¡ȡȡȡÊȯ BBB BBB BBB

Ǖàȡ CDE
CDEJH JE
JEFH BBB

ȪȬĤȯ ȡèȡȢȡǕȰ¡ȡ Ȳ ¡Ǖȯ ȡè Ȳ Ȣ ǔÑȪȡȡǔȡfȪȡèȡ_\ÛȡèȪǽȡ
`ãȯǐfȪ@
20
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȢD
Ȳ
Ȳ Ĥȯ
Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡Ȣȡȱȡȱ¡ǕȯȡèȪǒ

ǾȪȡ
][[DBIG
DBIGIH ȡǕ àȪ
ȡè Ǖ Ȳ Ǔ
ȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯȡè Ǖ Ȳ Ǔ ȡȱȡȱfȪȡè Ǖ Ȳ Ǔȡè Ȳ Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡
Ȳ ȯ ȡè
ȡè
Ȳ Ĥȯ èȡȢ¡ DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIH II
Ǘ\`×ȡ Ȳ
Ǘ\]ȡ Ȳ
Ǘ\èǕǓĐȧ

ǒ Ȳ
Ǘ\ȡ[ȡȯ ʞȡ

Ȳ
Ǘ\[ ȯȡ Ȳ
Ǘ\ Ȳ ȡ ȯȡǒȡ

¡ȡ_`ȡ\Û ȯȡ Ȳ
Ǘ\ȯȡ[ȡȡȡȶ

Ȳ
Ǖã\ǓǙǒƨàȡ
ƨàȡ
ȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯ
ǕǓ[Ûȡ[ Ȳ
Ǒȡ Ȳ
ǒ Ȳ
\ÛkƭȪǓ`×ȡ

Ȳ
\ÛȬǕã

ȡȱȡȱ¡Ǖȯ
\Û
àȡ
àȡ
EECCB
EECCB EECEB
EECEB
21
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȢE
EȰ
Ȱıȡè
ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
ȡƳǔ[
DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBI
DBII DBI
DBII DBIF
DBIFIG DBI
DBII DBIF
DBIFIG DBI
DBI I DBIH
DBIHII
CFCBB àǔƣȡĤȡƯ] CIHG
CIHGDF CIHB
CIHBJF DBHI
DBHIGD DDIB
DDIBJI DHCG
DHCGJK DIDB
DIDBEI EEBF
EEBFHG FGHD
FGHDBK CJGK
CJGKHD DBGB
DBGBGJ DBDJ
DBDJKB
CFCCB åȡ CIGBD GDIK CHGGG CKEBB ECCBC DDBIJ EGEIJ CICJBE EECF CIDCI DBFII
CFCDB ȡȡȲ KFDKI CBJFEI CDKKDC CEIECI CFKJEC CGCGJJ CIFDKH DBGCCK KIGDE CBJJDB CDKJFG
CFCGB ȡȡȪãȣ HFIDG HDEHK HBDIG IBFIB JBHGI KJEIC CDBIKC IJDC JGCDG GJCI HIKJ
CFCIB \ÛİȪȡĤȡƯȪãȣ ICFHH IEDBE FGIHK
CFDBB èǕȡ ȯ ȡǒĐȧȡĤȡƯ HKC
HKCED CCDF
CCDFIB CCHF
CCHFGE CDDE
CDDEBH CEJF
CEJFHJ CFHE
CFHEGF CICI
CICIFH DFHD
DFHDHF CCJG
CCJGGH CHDJ
CHDJGB DBHCJJ
DBHC
CFDCB èǕȡǒĐȧȡĤȡƯ FHBFF GEIFC HDKIK IDKGD JEJHJ JGIDE KBBIB CCJIKD GGIEE IFEBD IJFCG
CFDDB Ĥȡ Ǔ ȯȡǕã DEBJJ GJIDK GEFIG FKEGF GFHBB HBHEC JCHIH CDIEBE HDJDE JJGCI CDBKGH
èǕ CHJ BEC HJCI
CFEBB Öǐȡȡ EC
ECGH EE
EEJD FG
FGDJ CDG
CDGFE IJ
IJJK IF
IFGI KI
KIEF DKB
DKBEF FH
FHEB JF
JFFJ CGF
CGFEG
CFECB Öǐȡȡ ECGH EEJD FGDJ CDGFE IJJK IFGI KIEF DKBEF FHEB JFFJ CGFEG
CFFBB \Ǖȡȡ¡ȯ èȯǔÍ¡èȡÛ BBJ BGC BDF BGB BEB BBK BCC BBI BBH BBG BCH
CFFCB \Ǖȡȡ¡ȯèȯǔÍ¡èȡÛ BBJ BGC BDF BGB BEB BBK BCC BBI BBH BBG BCH
CFGBB ǒǒȡè IIH
IIHKD IHB
IHBIB CCFB
CCFBEK CEIC
CEICDC DBBH
DBBHIF CDID
CDIDIJ CHBE
CHBEBF CDFE
CDFEBI CDDG
CDDGBK FFE
FFEKJ FEC
FECDJ
CFGCB Ĥȡ ǓǕãǦħȡ[ GFJCK HIHFD CBGDIK CDFEFJ CDCFII IFGHE IIBBB BBD FIGHD DEBDH
CFGDB \Ûȡè DDJBC JEDE JIBH CDIEE IKCGH GDGKK JEDHK CDFDGG IFKDI FFEHG DBBGI
CFGEB ǕȱȢȡè BID CBK BGF BFB BFC CCH BEG BGB BDB BEE BFH
àȡ
Ȫãȣȡ¡ȯ
Ǖàȡ EDHG
EDHGCD EHJB
EHJBHD FFCI
FFCIKG FKKC
FKKCBI HBJH
HBJHGB GGEC
GGECEF HIDD
HIDDHB JGGJ
JGGJDB FECH
FECHHE FDBI
FDBIGK FHIH
FHIHGJ
EECGB ȡȱȡȱ ¡ǕȯȪãȣ
DID
DIDEK
Ȱ

Ȫãȣ ȯ KCBD
KCBDKI FFIK
FFIKKJ FKDF
FKDFKF
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȯ ĤȡƯȯ ȪȪãȣ DGI
DGIII ȡȱȡȱfȪ
Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȰȡè JJCG
JJCGKJ FECH
FECHHE FDBI
FDBIGK FHIH
FHIHGJ
22
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢ F
F ȡǕ
ȡǕ[Ȫ ȯȡȡȡ[ǒ
ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
ǒ
H
HI
BC ȡȡÛ ȡ[
BC ȡȡÛ ȡ[Ǔ ȯ ȡ
ȡ[ȡȣǒȡǒȡȪǓȡǒǔƣȰȯǔȡǓȡ
ȡı]Ǔ[ ¡ȡȡ
ȡȡÛ ȯȡ
ȡȡÛ]ȡǗ ȯȡ
ȡȡÛ\Ǖ Ûȡȡǒȡ ȯȡ
ȡȡÛ ȯȡ
ȡ[ǓbȡȪȡ
ǒǓǏ¡ȡ ȡ¡ǽȢ¡Ǖȯ ȡȡÛĤǙǓȪ¡èȡÛ
¢ȡ
¢ȡ
Ȱ Ǔ Ǖ¢ȡ
ȡǐ Ǖ¢ȡ
¢ȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ
ȡ[
ȡ[ǓȡǔÛ Ǖ ¢ȡ
Ĥ¡ȣ ȯȡ
\ÊȢǓÛğ ȯȡ
Ûȡȡ
ȡȡȡ
ȡ[ǓȡǔÛ Ǖ¢ȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ
]Ǔ[
]Ǔ[ȡǓȡ
ȡȡÛ]Ǔ[åȡȡǐĮ
Ǚǒ×èȡȡǔȡ
^Ûȡ`ȡ[
ȡȢ`×ȡȡǓȡ[
ȡȡȡ
Ȳ ȡ
\Û`ƭȪ¡ǽ
\Ǖ Ûȡȡǒȡ ]Ǔ[ȡǓȡ
]Ǔ[ȡȢȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ
23
ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
ǒ
H
HI
ȡȡ Ȳ
ȡȡ Ȳ ¢
Ȫ¡ȪȰ ȡåèȡ
åèȡ
ȰǒǒǒȡǗ Ȳ ¢
\Ǖ Ûȡȡǒȡ ȡ[ Ȳ ¢
ȡȡ Ȳ ¢\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ
]ȡ ȡ ȡǕ
]ȡ ȡ ȡǕ ȡǒ Ǖǒȡ
]ȡ ǒȡ
ȡǕȡǒǒȡ
ȡȯȡȢ
]ȡ ȡ ȡǕȡǒ Ǖǒȡ\Ûğ`ãȯfȪ
èȡèØ
èȡèØ
kȢ`×ȡ`ȡkȡ
ǒ¡Ȳ Ǎ ȯȡ
\èȡ ȯȡ
ȡ[ǓèȡèØ ȯȡ
\Ǖ Ûȡ ȯȡ
èȡèØ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ
ȪȲ
ȪȲ
Ȳ è ǙǓȡ[
ȪȲ ȡ×ȯǕ ȯȡ¡ǽ
ȡȲèǙǓ ȯȡ
Ĥ ȡȡĤȡ ȯȡ
\Ǖ Ûȡȡǒȡ Ȳ èǙǓȡǓ[
ǔ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
Ǘ[ ĤȡǓĤȡǓǔ¢ȡ
ȡÚǓǔ¢ȡ
¡ȡǓ[Ǚ¡Ǖȯǔ¢ȡ
\ȫȡǐǔ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡȪȡǓ ¡ȡ ȯȡ¡ǽ
ǔ¢ȡ\Ǖ Ûȡǒȡ
ǔ¢ȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ
ȡȡǔ Ǖ
ȡȡǔ Ǖ ¢ȡ
ǐȡǔǕãȡ
ȯȪȡ
ȡȡǔ\ ȡȯȢ
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ\Ǖ Ûȡȡǒȡ
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ
àȡ
# ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHVI@YU^WNPÎ@HP`H
6WIJ/VGGIM@XO3VI@
24
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȢG
GǕ
ǕȱȢ[Ȫ ȯ ȡȡȡ[ǒ
ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
ǒ
H
H I
ȡȡÛ ȡ[
ȡȡÛ ȡ[Ǔ ȯ ȡ
ȡı]Ǔ[ ¡ȡȡ
ȡȡÛ ȯȡ
ȡȡÛ]ȡǗ ȯȡ
ȡȡÛ ȯȡ
ȡ[ǓbȡȪȡ
¢ȡ
¢ȡ
ȰǓ Ǖ¢ȡ GJKCJ
ȡǐ Ǖ¢ȡ BJC
¢ȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ BFB
ȡ[
ȡ[ǓȡǔÛ Ǖ¢ȡ
Ĥ¡ȣ ȯȡ KGED
\ÊȢǓÛğ ȯȡ BBF
Ûȡȡ FIEF
ȡȡȡ CKJF
ȡ[ǓȡǔÛ Ǖ¢ȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ GDDE
]Ǔ[
]Ǔ[ȡǓȡ
ȡȡÛ]Ǔ[åȡȡǐĮ JIJHK
Ǚǒ×èȡȡǔȡ CCKEED
^Ûȡ`ȡ[ CBDBHH
ȡȢ`×ȡȡǓȡ[ IDCH
ȡȡȡ EDKEEH
Ȳ ȡ CEJD
\Û`ƭȪ¡ǽ IDJH
\Ǖ Ûȡȡǒȡ ]Ǔ[ȡǓȡ EIJ
]Ǔ[ȡȢȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ CDH
25
ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
ǒ
H
H I
ȡȡ Ȳ
ȡȡ Ȳ ¢
Ȫ¡ȪȰȡåèȡ
åèȡ
ȰǒǒǒȡǗ Ȳ ¢
]ȡ ȡ ȡǕ
]ȡ ȡ ȡǕȡǒ Ǖǒȡ
]ȡ ǒȡ HBHFC
ȡǕȡǒǒȡ DCCI
ȡȯȡȢ HGBEK
]ȡ ȡ ȡǕȡǒ Ǖǒȡ\Ûğ`ãȯfȪ FBEG
èȡèØ
èȡèØ
kȢ`×ȡ`ȡkȡ CJEJ
ǒ¡Ȳ Ǎ ȯȡ CGCI
\èȡ ȯȡ JKI
ȡ[ǓèȡèØ ȯȡ DFFBE
\Ǖ Ûȡ ȯȡ EEJ
ȪȲ Ȳ èǙǓȡ[
ȪȲ
ȪȲ ȡ×ȯǕ ȯȡ¡ǽ BCC
ȡȲèǙǓ ȯȡ CEGB
Ĥ ȡȡĤȡ ȯȡ BBK
\Ǖ Ûȡȡǒȡ Ȳ èǙǓȡǓ[
ǔ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
Ǘ[ ĤȡǓĤȡǓǔ¢ȡ BBG
¡ȡǓ[Ǚ¡Ǖȯ ǔ¢ȡ
\ȫȡǐǔ¢ȡ JDF
ǔ¢ȡȪȡǓ ¡ȡ ȯȡ¡ǽ FCD
ǔ¢ȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ BBC
ȡȡǔ Ǖ
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ
ǐȡǔǕãȡ BBB
ȯȪȡ
ȡȡǔ\ ȡȯȢ BGH
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ\Ǖ Ûȡȡǒȡ BBF
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ CBKJ
àȡ
# ]Ǔ[[DBIGIHVI@YU^WNPÎ@HP`H
6WIJ/VGGIM@XO3VI@
26
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ
bȪ ȡȱ
bȪ ȡȱȡǕƠȡȢ
ȡȢ Ȳ
Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȡbȡȯȡȢ
ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
[Ȣ[Ȳ ǔ[
H
HI
ECCCCI Ȳ èȡȡbȡȢ CDBHEI KEIJB CEFKIID DJEEKB DFJCHH DJKCBK CKCKGI EKFDIB EBKIJ EFDGJ DCKEDE
ECDCCI Ȳ èȡȡȯȡȢ CDBKEJ GEGHG KFCDDI JGDFB CCKKFB CHJIFI FFHBJK GJFGII KJCHC DCIEEE JIFGB
ECDDCI ȰȯǔȯȡȢ BBB EGFGE EJIF CKJHF IBHJ DJEEC CHJD DFBB CHJD DFBE DJKK
àȡ DFCG
DFCGIG CJDI
CJDIKJ DDKF
DDKFJI EJJF
EJJFKF EIGC
EIGCIF FJHC
FJHCJI HEKI
HEKIDJ KJCD
KJCDFI CEBJ
CEBJDD DGEK
DGEKKF EBKH
EBKHID
EDCCCCB ȰȯǔbȪ ȡȱȡ ǕƠȡȢ CEGEDF CFCKBC CHIDFH CIBFCJ CIIKGC DDIBED CJGJKD DBBEJK KBKBC KDDDF CCKDCG
EDDCCCB ]ÛǐbȪ ȡȱȡ ǕƠȡȢ HHDHJ DBKFBC DGCGDG FIFEBB GBEEFK EJGHCF EIBJFH EFECEC CGDGBB IGIEC DBGECE
àȡ DBCG
DBCGKE EGCE
EGCEBD FCJIIC
FCJI HFFI
HFFICJ HJCE
HJCEBB HCDH
HCDHFH GGHI
GGHIEJ GFEG
GFEGDB DFEF
DFEFBC CHIK
CHIKGG EDFG
EDFGDJ
27
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȢèȢ ¡ȡȡ
İȪ\Ǖ ȡ
èȢǙȰȯ ǔ ¡ȡȡ ȡ
ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[ [ ȡǕ àȪ

Ȣ[
DBHG
DBHG HH DBHH
DBHH HI DBHI
DBHI HJ DBHJ
DBHJ HK DBHK
DBHK IB DBIB
DBIB IC DBIC
DBIC ID DBID
DBID IE DBIE
DBIE IF DBI
DBI I DBI
DBI I DBI
DBI I DBI
DBI I DBIH
DBIH II
C ǑƮ¢Ȣ
ǑƮ¢Ȣ DICK
DICKHG EHKB
EHKBBB ECJD
ECJDBB GDKC
GDKCEB EJGC
EJGCKK GGDI
GGDIDB CIJEH
CIJEHKB KCBH
KCBHKB CFHCK
CFHCKDF IBEJ
IBEJIB DHJB
DHJBIB GECE
GECEGC CDFF
CDFFDB CHII
CHIIFK
\Ǖȡ DEHGGB EHKBBB DFJDBB ECFHBB DEEBKK FJHJGB JBEFBB FHECDB KFKBGB IBEJIB DHJBIB GECEGC IFKDB CEFFFK
b EGFCG BBB IBBBB DCFGEB CGDCBB HGJIB KJBDKB FFIGIB GCDJIF BBB BBB BBB BBB EEEBB
D ¡Ǖ
¡Ǖ¢Ȣ DBII
DBIIJJ GKIB
GKIBKB IFDI
IFDIHI FGDH
FGDHGI IHHE
IHHEHK IJCI
IJCIDB FIFG
FIFGBE CBFGD
CBFGDKI CBFBG
CBFBGDD CECHC
CECHCCB CCCFF
CCCFFKB KIIF
KIIFFH KKHJ
KKHJ HB KDGB
KDGBGD
\Ǖȡ CKFFBJ EEEGIJ EKKCEJ DHJIHJ EBGKCC DFDEEB CCDHEC EDJKCI DIIBJ CFGCIB HHDDB KFCBB HBBCB DIFIG
b CEEJB DHEGCD EFEHDK CJEJJK FHBFGJ GEKEKB EHCJID ICHEJB CBCDJCF CCIBKFB CBFJDIC JJEEFH KEHJGB JKIGII
E àȡ
àȡ FIKI
FIKIGD KHHB
KHHBKB CBHBK
CBHBKHI KJCI
KJCIJI CCGCG
CCGCGHJ CEEFF
CEEFFGB DDGJC
DDGJCKE CKGGK
CKGGKJI DGBDF
DGBDFFH DBCKK
DBCKKJB CEJDG
CEJDGHB CGBJI
CGBJIKI CBICI
CBICIJB CBKDJ
CBKDJBC
\Ǖȡ FEBKGI IBDGIJ HFIEEJ GJEEHJ GEKBCB IDKCJB KCHBEC IKDBEI KIHIGJ JFKBFB EEFDKB HDGFGC CEFKEB CHCKDF
b FJIKG DHEGCD FCEHDK EKJFCK HCDGGJ IKGBGB CEFDCHD CCHEKGB CGDGHJJ CCIBKFB CBFJDIC JJEEFH KEHJGB KEBJII
İȪ\[Ûğȡ@
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȱ
¡ȡȡ`Ȫ
İȪ\Ǖ ȡ
Ȱȯǔ ¡ȡȡ`Ȫ ȡ
ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[ [
Ǔ
Ǔ Ȳ
DBHH
DBHH HI DBHI
DBHI HJ DBHJ
DBHJ HK DBHK
DBHK IB DBIB
DBIB IC DBI
DBI ID DBID
DBID IE F
F G DBIG
DBIG IH DBIH
DBIH II
II
C ǑƮ¢Ȣ
ǑƮ¢Ȣ DDKB
DDKBCG DGJG
DGJGBF DDII
DDIIBD CJEI
CJEIHH DEDF
DEDFGE DCKG
DCKGED DBKB
DBKBFH CHGH
CHGHBB EBIK
EBIKFE DEJE
DEJE JE DEFJ
DEFJJF
\Ǖȡ CJEGBK DCIEJB
b FGGBH FCCDF
D ¡Ǖ
¡Ǖ¢Ȣ DHJH
DHJHIK EDCF
EDCFIE CKJB
CKJBGI DCCJ
DCCJKH EBIK
EBIKIF EEKB
EEKB BJ FGFF
FGFFDJ IFFJ
IFFJGG KFIF
KFIFGC KCKC
KCKCKB EHGF
EHGFBB
\Ǖȡ DBCKGC DFCJFC
b HHIDJ IKHED
E \Û
\Û
\Ǖȡ
b
àȡ FKIH
FKIHKF GIKK
GIKKII GCJK
GCJKEF FICK
FICKKD HBDB
HBDBFH HEKB
HEKBCH IDII
IDIIDE KKJF
KKJF CG CECGG
CECGGCF CFIDI
CFIDICD HBBD
HBBDJF
\Ǖȡ EJGFHB
EJGF FGKD
FGKDDC FBJC
FBJCBE EGDD
EGDDKJ FDDB
FDDBGJ EJDJ
EJDJ GJ EKGF
EKGFFB FBJC
FBJCKE EKEC
EKEC JI DDJK
DDJKJI KDF
KDFBK
b CCDD
CCDDEF CDBI
CDBIGH CCBJ
CCBJEC CCKH
CCKHKF CIKK
CIKKJJ DGHC
DGHCGJ EEDD
EEDDJE GKBD
GKBDDD KDDE
KDDEDI CDFEI
CDFEIDG GBIJ
GBIJIG
İȪ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[@ȡǕ àȪ
28
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ
Ȱ
Ȱȯǔ\ǕȡȪ ȯȡȡȡ[`Ȫǒ
`Ȫǒ
ǾȪȡ
Ȫȡ
Ȫȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
Ȣ[
DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBI
DBII DBIF
DBIFIG DBI
DBII DBIH
DBIHII
ȡȡÛ ȡ[
ȡȡÛ ȡ[ Ǔ ȯ ȡ
ȡı]Ǔ[ ¡ȡȡ
ȡȡÛ ȯȡ
ȡȡÛ ȯȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ
¢ȡ
¢ȡ
ȡǐ Ǖ¢ȡ
ȡ[
ȡ[ ǓȡǔÛ Ǖ¢ȡ
Ĥ¡ȣ ȯȡ
Ûȡȡ
ȡ[ǓȡǔÛ Ǖ¢ȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ
]Ǔ[
]Ǔ[ ȡǓȡ
Ǚǒ×èȡȡǔȡ
^Ûȡ`ȡ[
ȡȢ`×ȡȡǓȡ[
ȡȡȡ
Ȳ ȡ
\Û`ƭȪ¡ǽ
29
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
Ȣ[
DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBI
DBII DBIF
DBIFIG DBI
DBII DBIH
DBIHII
ȡȡ Ȳ
ȡȡ Ȳ ¢
Ȫ¡ȪȰȡåèȡ
åèȡ
ȰǒǒǒȡǗ Ȳ ¢
]ȡ ȡ ȡǕ
]ȡ ȡ ȡǕȡǒ Ǖǒ ȡ
]ȡ ǒȡ
ȡǕȡǒǒȡ
ȡȯȡȢ
èȡèØ
èȡèØ
kȢ`×ȡ`ȡkȡ
ǒ¡Ȳ Ǎ ȯȡ
\èȡ ȯȡ
ȡ[ǓèȡèØ ȯȡ
\Ǖ Ûȡ ȯȡ
ȪȲ
ȪȲ
Ȳ èǙ Ǔȡ[
ȪȲ ȡ×ȯǕ ȯȡ¡ǽ
Ĥ ȡȡĤȡ ȯȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
Ǘ[ ĤȡǓĤȡǓǔ¢ȡ
¡ȡǓ[Ǚ¡Ǖȯ ǔ¢ȡ
\ȫȡǐǔ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ
ȡȡǔ Ǖ
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ
ǐȡǔǕãȡ
ȡȡǔ\ ȡȯȢ
àȡ
İȪ¡ȡȯȡǓÛğȡȡ[
]Ǔ[[Ȫ[[ ȪȰǕƠȡȢ ȡȯǐfȪ@
30
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȢC
Ȱ
ȰȯǔbȪ`Ȫǒ
Ȫȡ
Ȫȡ
bȪ`Ȫǒ
ǾȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
Ȣ[
DBHJ
DBHJ HK DBHK
DBHK IB DBIB
DBIB IC DBIC
DBIC ID DBID
DBID IE DBIE
DBIE IF DBIF
DBIF IG DBI
DBI I DBIF
DBIF IG DBI
DBI I DBI
DBI I
ȡȡÛ ȡ[
ȡȡÛ ȡ[ Ǔ ȯ ȡ
ȡı]Ǔ[ ¡ȡȡ
ȡȡÛ ȯȡ
ȡȡÛ ȯȡǦ\ÛǓ[ǙfȪ
¢ȡ
¢ȡ
ȡǐ Ǖ¢ȡ
]Ǔ[
]Ǔ[ ȡǓȡ
Ǚǒ×èȡȡǔȡ
^Ûȡ`ȡ[
ȡȢ`×ȡȡǓȡ[
ȡȡȡ
\Û`ƭȪ¡ǽ
ȡȡ Ȳ
ȡȡ Ȳ ¢
Ȫ¡ȪȰȡåèȡ
åèȡ
\Ǖ Ûȡȡǒȡ ȡ[ Ȳ¢
ȡȡ Ȳ¢\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ
]ȡ ȡ ȡǕ
]ȡ ȡ ȡǕ ȡǒ Ǖǒ ȡ
]ȡ ǒȡ
ȡȯȡȢ
èȡèØ
èȡèØ
kȢ`×ȡ`ȡkȡ
ǒ¡Ȳ Ǎ ȯȡ
\èȡ ȯȡ
ȡ[ǓèȡèØ ȯȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ
¡ȡǓ[Ǚ¡Ǖȯǔ¢ȡ
\ȫȡǐǔ¢ȡ
ǔ¢ȡ\ÛğǓ[ǙfȪ
ȡȡǔ Ǖ
ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ
ǐȡǔǕãȡ
àȡ
İȪȬ¡ȡȯ ȡǓÛğȡȡ[@
]Ǔ[[Ȫ[[ ȪȰ ǕƠȡȢ ȡȯǐfȪ@
31
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢ
C Ǖ
ǕȰȯǔb

ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
Ǔ Ȳ Ȣ[
DBHE
DBHEHF DBHF HG DBHG HH DBHH HI DBHI HJ DBHJ
DBHJHK D
D E F
F G F
F G
C \ǔãȪ[ àȪȡȱȧ DEEKHJH DCHHDJK DFKKHGF DIIBFBF DGHDFEE DGKGGCJ EBKDJIC EEEFFCG EFHJCKC EFEDHCJ EJJIHDJ FCEKIJJ GDHCGFC FCECIEC
D ǒǓȪȯ fȪ BBB EDHEDB DKFECC

CIEBJC HIIF FIGHHK DCIHGB JKHKJ CGIIKI CKGDDC CBBKEE ECBGI GGJKJ DCBBJD
E Ȫ[ĤȡƯfȪ CCJGHJ JGIEK IIHFD IDGFB CEJFKD CGIBBJ CHGIKG DCCEDF DKDHFD FEIIF GJBCDG KJKBFH KFFBBJ DKGEHH
F Ȫ[ ȡȱȡǓȯ Ȫ IGEJJ IJHKF CBCDBE CBIFEB CDDCJC CEGEDF CFCKBC CHIDFH CIBFCJ CIIKGC DDIBED CJGJKD DBBEJK KBKBD
G Ȫ[åȡǓȯ Ȫ DBGGI DCFGE DEIEI DFGJC DEDCK DJEBJ EBBED EEHGD EBEHC EECBK EDHEG EJHBF FGBGC CKDHI
H Ǘ Ǔ[ȡȱȧb DCHHDJK DFKKHGF DIIBFBF DGHDFDE DGKGGCJ EBKDJIC EEEFFCG EFHJCKC EFEDHCJ EJJIHDJ FCEKIJJ GDGEGCD GKFKDHD FGFHDII
\Ĥ×¢
C \ǔãȪ[ àȪȡȱȧ BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB
D Ȫ[ĤȡƯfȪ BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB
E Ȫ[ ȡȱȡǓȯ Ȫ BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB
F Ȫ[åȡǓȯ Ȫ BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB
G Ǘ Ǔ[ȡȱȧb BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB
àȡȰ ȯ ǔ b
C \ǔãȪ[ àȪȡȱȧ DCDECBK DCHHDJK DFKKHGF DIIBFBF DGHDFEE DGKGGCJ EBKDJIC EEEFFCG EFHJCKC EFEDHCJ EJJIHDJ FCEKIJJ GDHCGFC FCEKIJJ
D ǒǓȪȯ fȪ EDHEDB DKFECC CIEBJC HIIF FIGHHK DCIHGB JKHKJ CGIIKI CKGDDC CBBKEE ECBGI GGJKJ DCBBJD
E Ȫ[ĤȡƯfȪ CCJGHJ JGIEK IIHFD IDGFB CEJFKD CGIBBJ CHGIKG DCCEDF DKDHFD FEIIF GJBCDG KJKBFH KFFBBJ DKGEHH
F Ȫ[ ȡȱȡǓȯ Ȫ IGEJJ IJHKF CBCDBE CBIFEB CCDCJC CEGEDF CFCKBC CHIDFH CIBFCJ CIIKGC DDIBED CJGJKD DBBEJK KBKBD
G Ȫ[åȡǓȯ Ȫ DBGGI DCFGE DEIEI DFGJC DEDCK DJEBJ EBBED EEHGD EBEHC EECBK EDHEG EJHBF FGBGC CKDHI
Ǖ Ǔ[ ȡȱȧb DCHHD JK DFKKH GF DIIBF BF DGHDF EE DGKGG CJ EBKDJ

EBKDJ IC EEEFF CG EFHJC KC EFEDH CJ EJJIH DJ FCEKI JJ GDGEG CD GKFKD HD FGFHD II
Ȫǒȯ ȢǒǓȪȯ ȡ[Ĥ×ȯ]Ǔ[[ȪǓ[ȡȱȧbȡ[ È@
32
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢ
C Ǖ
Ǖ]ÛǐbǓçȡ
Ȫȡ
]ÛǐbǓçȡ
Ǿ Ȫȡ
Ȫȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
ǒ DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBI
DBII DBI
DBII
ǕǓçȡ CKBF
CKBFE CKKJ
CKKJE FDFD
FDFDE JIII
JIIIG JJEE
JJEEJ CFFIG
CFFIGC KHEJ
KHEJD BB BFD
Ěȯ ȣǒ CKBBB CBBBB CBBBB DBGBB EEBBB ICKGK DHFEG BB BB
ǒȡ bğ BB KBBB EBBBB HDBBB GGBBB IDBBB HKKFI BB BB
ȡǒƶğ BB KBI BB BB BB BB BB BB BB
ȡǐğ BB BB DEEK GBBB DJH IGC BB BB BB
ȰȯǔȪȡğ FE IH JF DIG GD FC BB BB BFD
ǕǕƠȡȢ DCCH
DCCHC DGCH
DGCHI FIFG
FIFGG GBFB
GBFBD EJIJ
EJIJG EIGH
EIGHE EFEC
EFECE IGI
IGIE CDKD
CDKDG
Ěȯ ȣǒ CFCGH CBBBB DHHCB DFDKK EJHGB EIGDB DFFKB BB CBGDGB
ǒȡ bğ GKBK CEGBB DBBFC CBCIB BB BB JGBB HEBB DFBBB
ȡǒƶğ BB BB BB CGHJB BB BB KBI KBI BB
ȡǐğ KEK CHHI JBB DGB CDI BB EFBD EFBD BB
ȰȯǔȪȡğ BB BB BF BE BK FE IH DH BB
ǒȯbğ CGJ BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB
ǕǓçȡ DCC
DCCK GCJ
GCJF GBE
GBED EIEI
EIEID FKGG
FKGGE CBICJ
CBICJJ HDBH
HDBHK IGI
IGIE CDKD
CDKDC
Ěȯ ȣǒ FJFF BB CHHCB EIKK GHGB EFFEK CKFG BB CBGDG
ǒȡ bğ GKBK FGBB KKGK GCJEB GGBBB IDBBB HCFFI HEBB DFBB
ȡǒƶğ BB KBI BB CGHJB BB BB KBI KBI BB
ȡǐğ KEK CHHI CGEK FIGB CGK IGC EFB EFB BB
ȰȯǔȪȡğ FE IH JB DIC FE BD IH DH BF
ǒȯbğ CGJ BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
ȯȡȡƶɇȪØȡȲĤȪǐfȪȯ ȯ ǓȡȪØȡȲ ȱ[ Èȯ@
33
\Ǖ ǗȢE
ȢEC
ȡȣbğ¡ǾĚȯ
ȡȣbğ¡ǾĚȯ ȣǒ¡ǾȪèȡǓ×Ȫǒ
ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[ [ ȡǕ àȪ
ǒ
DBHE
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB IC DBIC ID DBID IE DBIH II
C Ěȯ ȣǒ
ȯ ȡȡƶɇ CEIHJJ CIGIKB DDGFJH EBFIIF DJCIJK DGBIDK CDKHJK DDBFJK CIKHJK CHBKKK EBFGIF DHCCKK CJFIEC GCHGIF CJFHFK
ȡǔÏɇ ¡ǽ GJHCCG HFKHHE HCBGFJ HJCBKG JHFHCC CBDBFKD CDCFKCF CCEEHBE CBBIDKD KIJKKG IKGEJI CCJCGE CDGBKFK KBFHJD CDEFIFC
\Û DBHGB DFJII DKCCI EFGHJ GIBBI FGBDB DBBIJ CBGJK CCH DBGKI FCEC GIG EDDFK GGG DKBJK
àȡ IFFF GE JGBE

JGBE EB JHGC GC CBDBF EI CDBEF BI CECHD FC CEHFH JC CEHFH JC CCKJG JC CCHBG KC CCBFB KD CFFJF IK CFHIK
CFHIK DK CFDHJ
CFDHJ BH CFFJF IK
D ǒȡ bğ
ȯ ȡȡƶɇ CGCJH DKHG EBDE EBKC EFJD EJDB ECKD BBB BBB BBB JKFDB FGDJIB FFBEDG FGDJIB
ȡǔÏɇ ¡ǽ HDJBE IBCHI CBIEHI CFIDJI CKEDDD DHIJBH DGIEJI DEBBHJ EGHEEK IKBHEG CDEGDEB CGIICBG DDKIKEE CGIICBG
ǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽ FHEHG HHBJC IJFDF JKJDK CDDIKI CHBDCG CEEHDH HIIDK ICBHI CFHBJG CHCKDC CIHHHH CJEIGC CIHHHH
[ȡȣ Ȳ Ȫ FBGHF FKHGF HEHGD HGEKC HGEKC IJCKJ HHHKJ ICKBK JEHJH CEKBBBE CEKBBB CFFEKF GDGE CFFEKF
ȡȣåȡ ȡǒ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽ CDG KCB BBB CJJEE CJJEE DFBEJ DEKCE IHCDJ GEFCI
ǓȢ¢ȯğȡÞȡ ȡǒ Ȳ èȡ¡Ǿ EFDG DCJKJ BBB GDHJ DHDCH DHDCH CJGIG CGIKC GBIC KKID KKID FBFKJ
ǓȢ¢ȯğ GKFG CBIG GHJH BBB KHH KHH CFI BEC BEC BE BE
ȯ ȡǕ Ȳ èȡ¡Ǿ CIEGK FHBG EHHEE DGFKH FDJJ CEKEH CDGID KFGE CBJK EDIJ EFDJ IKHG GICB IKHG
àȡ CKCI ID DCIE

DCIE GG DKFI JG EGGC KG FEGC KG GIGC KG GCHC BK FICC BK CHEKB BC DEGKB BB DDKHB BC
E ȡǒƶğ
ȯ ȡȡƶɇ DIKG FFID IHK BBB BIH CGB CIF CJI DCF BCE CJDF DHDD DCKE
ȡǔÏɇ ¡ǽ BBB
ǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽ BBB
ȡǒƶȢȡ Ȳ èȡ BBB
[ȡȣ Ȳ Ȫ BBB
ȡȣåȡ ȡǒ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽ BBB
34
ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[ [ ȡǕ àȪ
ǒ
DBHE
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB IC DBIC ID DBID IE DBIH II
ǓȢ¢ȯğȡåȡ ȡǒ Ȳ èȡ¡Ǿ BBB
ȯ ȡǕ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽ BBB
ǓȢ¢ȯğ CDEIF HHKJ CFBB BBB HGCJ KFJJ KFHF CHGCH CHFJK IBGD IDFC HFFD HJID
àȡ CGC HK CCC HK DC HK B BB CBHJ

CBHJ BB CGHJ
CGHJ BC CGHJ
CGHJ BB CHGJ
CHGJ HG CHGJ
CHGJ HG KB HG KB HG KB HG KB HG B BB
F ȡǐğ
ȯ ȡȡƶȰ
ȪİȪȡ HDI GHDI CCGGC DHEGB ECEGG DIGEE DFCCD CDHGF GBIH EBIH DDIFI DKBIG DIKFK DFJJJ DICH
ǓȢ¢ȯğ CEDJE DFGCH EDIJG DFJIK CFKEH CEHKI IIDH DGCF DGFJH IFKJH GHKBG GJBJJ GGJCD GICGI GHHBC
ȰȯǔȪȡbğ BBB BBB BBB BFB BIF CHB GJK CEGE DCG FJHD GDKI GDJ FGFG GHHJ GBCH
àȡ CEK
CEK CB EBC FF FFE
FFE EH GCD HK FHE
FHE HG FCE KB
FCE EDF DI CHG D EDI CD JDK
JDK DE JFK
JFK FK KDF FE JJE
JJE BH JII CE JJI II JJE
JJE D
G ǒȯ bğ
DGȶ ǒȯbğ
ȯ ȡɇ
]_ffĤǓ ȣȪ
ȯ ȡɇ
*
\Ûbğ
Cȯ ȡȡƶɇ
DȡǔÏɇ ¡ǽ
E[ȡȣ Ȳ Ȫ
FÞǔƠ
àȡ IDF GI GCE

GCE KJ GBE
GBE BB GEH KI GBD KC GBD JI CEEF GG FJI CC FJI CC FJI CC FJI CC DH DJ B DH DJ
ǗĚȯ ȣǒȡbğ¡Ǿ
ȯ ȡȡƶɇ DBCBCJ DEHJGJ DJJJEE EJHDCG EHGFCE EEBKFE DKBHDD DJDBF DEEHK DCDIKK FHIDIH IFJEKG HGEBBG KKHGDG HGFIHD HECJHD
ȡǔÏɇ ¡Ǿ HGJEHF IDCFBH ICKFKC JDKKGJ CBGKFBK CDJKJIF CFIDEBD CEHEHI CEHEHEC CIHKHE DBEBHCI DIGJHEG EGFJJJD DFJCIJI DKEDJCK EFHCGJD
\Û CIJEIK DBDCED DFJFCI DHFFDG FCIDEH GCKBKI FFBGFJ FDCCIG FCKDFJ FBIJHC EJIKDG FBFGJG EDIJCJ FBFDID DFJEBF EBIBDH
àȡ
]_f f ĤǓ ȣȪȡ¡ȯ KKEB EK CCCDEKD
CCCDE CDBJI EI CFDJG KJ CIKEE
CIKEE FI DBKCD BE DBIBB CI DBCJC IG CKHIJ
CKHIJ GJ DEFCG IK DJEIC BI EKBJK
EKBJK JI FGDKI BG EJJDG JF EJEED GI FFBBF I
Ǖàȡ CBEII HC CCHBE

CCHBE KH CDGHI FC CFJBG KJ CJFDB GJ DCEKK
DCEKK CF DDBEF ID DBHHJ
DBHHJ JH DBCHG HJ DEKBD K DJJGJ
DJJGJ CJ EKCCH CG FGDKI BG EJJDG JF EJEGJ
EJEGJ JG FFBBF I
İȪȯ ȡȡƶɇ @
Ǔ ǒȡ DBȶ ǒȯbğ¢ǓǕǓ[ǒȯbğ ȡȯ@
35
\Ǖ ǗȢF
ȢFCȡǒƶ`ȪƠȡǗ
ȡǒƶ`ȪƠȡǗã Ǘȡǋ
5Vk_dfª # =B

]Ǔ[[
ǒ¡ȡ

ȡ`
ȫ
\ Ȫ
ȡǓ[
Ȳ Ȣ
Ǖ
ȡ
ȡǕ
Ȱ CBKF
Ȱȡ CCCG
ȯ CCDF
\ ȡ CCDK
ȡǒ[ HG
HGH IC
ICK II
IIK JG
JGG KE
KEE CBB
CBB
ȡǒ[Ǚǒƨ
K K F G F D

ĤǓ
ĤǓ
\ǐçǙ
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
36
\Ǖ ǗȢF
ȢFDȡǒ[
ȡǒ[ǒÛǕ`ȪƠȡǕġȡèȧǓ

]ȡ[

ĤǓǐ[
]Ǔ[[
ǒ¡ȡ
DBHF
DBHFHG DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII
ȡ` GH CCK CBC KG II CCK IK IG HK JH DE FD IB
ȫ HC CDG KD JH JG CCD JB IH ID IK EF EK HD
\ Ȫ GF CEE JH JK JK CBG JF IG JD HI EC FI HD
ȡǓ[ GE CEI KC JF JG CBG CBB ID CBF FJ EJ FD GJ
Ȳ Ȣ FH CEF CBE KH IG CBF CBE IB CCH EJ FD EI HH
Ǖ FJ CEJ CBI CCE HJ KJ KI HJ CDC ED FB FH HJ
ȡ GD CED CCB CBD IB CBC JJ IB CCE EE GB FF HK
ȡǕ HB CDJ CBB CBI IB CBD JK IB CBD DK HB FD HI
Ȱ JB CCH KJ CBH IG KG KF HK KI EJ GE FF
Ȱȡ JE CDF JK KG JI JI KI IC CBB EF FC GE
ȯ CBC CDB JD JJ KK JD KG IF CCC DJ FC HD
\ ȡ CBH CCC KB KH CCG IJ JC IH CBF DI FH HB
k H I CD
CDH K H K H J E K K K C I D K K F G F D F H H G
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
37
\Ǖ ǗȢF
ȢFE Ǘ ȡǋ
Ǘ¡`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽȪȡǒƶ`ȪƠȡǗã Ǘȡǋ ȡǒ[
ȡǒ[

k
k
5Vk_dfª # B

ȡĤǓ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡȪk
`ȪÊè ¡
Ǖ ǽ ĤǓ

ǐ[
Ǖ Ǘ ȡǋ
ȡƭȡȯȡ[
\Ǐȡ\Ǐȡȯȡǐȡ
ȡ
ȡȣ
ȡ Ǖȡȡȡ
ǕÊȡ[ȡ\Ûȡ
ËǗȡȯ
Ǘ
ǔȢȡǓȡ_
ȡ
¡ãȡȯȡ[
Ǒȡ
ǕǓ[Ûȡ[
ȯ ƴǕȡȡ¡Ȫ
ȰȡƭèǕȡ ȯ ȡ
ƣȡȡȡǕƣȡ
ȡ Ȣ ȡȡȡ ȯȡ
Ǔ[ȡȡ Ȣ`
èȡèØ
ȡȡȡ
Ȳ ȡ
ȪÑȡ Ȳ èǙǓ
ǔ¢ȡ
\ÛèǕ ȡ ȯȡ¡ǽ
\ǐçǙ
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
38
\Ǖ ǗȢF
Ȣ F F ȡǒ[
ȡǒ[ǒÛǕȡǒƶ`ȪƠȡǕġȡèȧǓ

]ȡ[ DB
DB

CBB
CBB

ĤǓǐ[
`ȪÊèǕ¡ Ǿ ]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ

ȡǕǒ¡ȡ
ȡĤǓ DBHF
DBHFHG DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIG IH DBIH
DBIHII
Ǖ

CBB
CBBB H C CD
CDJ K K CB
CBI I B CB
CBD J K I B CB
CBD D K H B F D H I
ȡƭȡȯ
ȡƭȡȯȡ[ FE
FE K J G CJ
CJ C CF
CFJ CI
CIE F D CC
CCE CB
CBJ K G CB
CBE B F G H D D K E
\Ǐȡ\Ǐȡȯȡǐȡ CC
CCE CGE CEC CDC CEF DF CDK CC
CCI I J K D B C E C H B E F
ȡ C J CDJ DFD EBB JC CJ CDH H J CH

CHI EC
EC H CC
CCD DD
DDG D G CC
CCG
ȡȣ G G BD DCC DE IEC GC KF CE

CE K F J H J J E DJ
DJ F CB
CBI DK
DK G
ȡ Ǖȡȡȡ H J GG DFK DFG II GJ CIC CE

CE G K K H G B B F K E D CB
CBE
ǕÊȡ[ȡ\Öȡ G D IJ CHG CEF CBG CIF IE H I CH

CHJ CC
CCK E K I K C D H I
ËǗȡȯ E B DIG HF EC EC CEE CEK B E B F CJ

CJ J G J D H I J F C
Ǘ D C FI CKI DCE EEF KJ GD CF

CFC CB
CBF K D B K G H H C K G
ǔȢȡǓȡ_ C I JE GEE HBI IB GK CDB E G B C H I CG

CGD D F C J F C
ȡ C D BF CCB EFB DDC CDC GG CB

CBG CD
CDB CH
CHH D F E I G I CK
CK F
¡ãȡȯȡ[ C D FG DCK CGE JK HB CDB D F F D F I E C E C F C F G
Ǒȡ B I DC CEB CDF DC KD FF DD

DDG DC
DCC CF
CFG CB
CBI I J CB
CBG CB
CBF
ǕǓ[Ûȡ[ B F CBB CIG CCF CIC KB CCF DG

DGE DH
DHH I K F H G H K H CB
CBE
ȯ ƴǕȡȱȡ¡Ȫ D K IH DFG DBI CGG CCF CDD K G CC

CCE K K G C G I F K G E
Ȱ
Ȱ ȡƭèǕ ȡ ȯ ȡ GH
GHC E K J E G K G E K F K E I C F K CB
CBD G H H E G J F I
ƣȡȡȡǕƣȡ I D EE JJ HJ CEI CGD CCG CD

CDD CB
CBB CG
CGE I F I C I B G D
ȡ Ȣ ȡȡȡ ȯȡ DB
DBE FJ HJ HI HF HE KI G C B K CE
CE C I I J E I F F H
Ǔ[ȡȡ Ȣ` F E GD CFB GE IE CEF CDI K F J K H J F I F I G H F I
èȡèØ E G ID FF DF DK HF HG K C F E D G D D D J D C G G
ȡȡȡ G E CC CEK BI CCE CIB JF F K B G E F C E C K I C C F
Ȳ ȡ D J BB BC BB CBF JD DC B C B E G I B B B C C I C J
Ȫʷȡ Ȳ èǙǓ D G GD HH HJ DB JJ HD I G H D F J C I G C F F D E
ǔ¢ȡ I F FK JD CCJ FI JK CDG I J G G CD

CDF J K K E G B G J
\ÛèǕȡ ȯȡ¡Ǿ D J CB CDG JF GF KK CBJ H G J E J C G I F H G G CC

CCK
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
39
\ Ǘ Ȣ
Ȣ
Ǘ
Ǘ ¡`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽȪȡǒƶ`ȪƠȡǗ ã Ǘ ȡǋ
ȡǋ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ

]ȡ[
ȡ DBII DBII DBII DBII DBII DBII DBII DBII DBII DBI ĤǓǐ[
`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽ
ĤǓ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ DBII DBI
Ǖ Ǘȡǋ CBB
CBBB CBD
CBDD CBK
CBKD CCD
CCDK CCD
CCDF CCG
CCGK CCK
CCKC CDC
CDCE CDF
CDFC CDJ
CDJH F D H I
ȡƭȡȯȡ[ FE
FEK CBE
CBEG CBJ
CBJG CCF
CCFB CBJ
CBJD CCE
CCEB CCF
CCFD CCI
CCIF CCH
CCHH CDF
CDFJ D D K E
\Ǐȡ\Ǐȡȯȡǐȡ CCE CBDI CCBD CCCE CCBC CCCJ CCEG CCIG CDBE CDDF H B E F
ȡ CJ CCDF CEDG CEII CCIH CBJH KCC JIG JJJ KDG D G CC
CCG
ȡȣ GG CBCI JKI CCIK JDD CBCJ CBGH CDBC KFE CDJK CB
CBI DK
DKG
ȡ Ǖȡȡȡ HJ CBGD CCDD CCDF CCDD CCGJ CCII CCGD CDCF CDGG E D CB
CBE
ǕÊȡ[ȡ\Ûȡ GD CBGI CBKJ CCDD CCFC CCGG CDEC CDEJ CDFG CDGF C D H I
ËǗȡȯ EB CBCB CCJF CCEC CCCG CCEF CCFG CCII CDEF CDEI I J F C
Ǘ DC CBJI CBCK CCDG CBDJ CCHF CBJG CCIF CCGD CFGB H C K G
ǔȢȡǓȡ_ CI KJK CBIF CCGJ CDEI CDGB CDBI CCIJ CCJH CDCG C J F C
ȡ CD CBDF CCGD CCJG CCIK CCHK CCEG CCGD CCKK CEBF G I CK
CKF
¡ãȡȯȡ[ CD CBBG CBGB CBHG CBJD CCBD CCCG CCEF CCHC CCII F C F G
Ǒȡ BI CBBD CCFH CCHB CDHK CDJH CEHJ CEKH CGCD CGDH CB
CBG CB
CBF
ǕǓ[Ûȡ[ BF CBBE CBJB CBJG CCDK CCDE CCKD CDBE CEBH CEDD K H CB
CBE
ȯ ƴǕȡȡ¡Ȫ DK CBCH CCBJ CCEG CCHG CCKG CDEC CDGF CDKC CECC F K G E
ȰȡƭèǕȡ ȯ ȡ GH
GHC CBC
CBCD CBK
CBKI CCD
CCDB CCG
CCGJ CCJ
CCJE CDE
CDEC CDF
CDFE CEB
CEBE CEC
CECH G J F I
ƣȡȡȡǕƣȡ ID CBBK CCGK CCJB CDFF CDID CEED CEFF CFDG CFEJ I B G D
ȡ Ȣ ȡȡȡ ȯȡ DBE CBBF CCEC CCHJ CDCJ CDFK CECK CEDJ CFCH CFDC I F F H
Ǔ[ȡȡ Ȣ` FE CBBJ CBIG CBKB CCDG CCFI CCIJ CCKE CDFG CDGJ G H F I
èȡèØ EG CBBE CBDG CBGC CBFJ CBGH CBII CBJI CBKK CCCG D C G G
ȡȡȡ GE KIE CBDE CBBD CBCB CBCE CBDK CBFI CCBD CCBD I C C F
Ȳ ȡ DJ CBBF CBGH CBGH CBGI CBFF CBGJ CBEC CBFB CBFD C I C J
ȪȲ ȡ Ȳ èǙǓ DG CBBD CBFJ CBHB CBHH CCBB CCDB CCEI CCIB CCJC F F D E
ǔ¢ȡ IF CBKC CBKD CCDI CCJK CDFH CDKK CEEE CEHF CFBJ G B G J
\ÛèǕȡ ȯȡ¡ǽ DJ KKG CBIF CCBF CCEF CCEG CCJH CCKI CDGC CDJF G G CC
CCK
\ǐçǙ
ȡǕȡǕȪǒÛǕǐ[
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
40
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ0 ȡǋ
ȡȡɋ
0 Ǘ ¡`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽȪ`ȪƠȡǗ ã Ǘ ȡǋ ȡȡɋĤ]ǒ¡ȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ

]ȡ[
DBHHHI DBHIHJ DBHJHK DBHKIB DBIBIC DBICID ĤǓǐ[
`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽ
ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ
Ǖ Ǘȡǋ
ȡƭȡȯȡ[
\Ǐȡ\Ǐȡȯȡǐȡ
ȡ
ȡȣ
ȡ Ǖȡȡȡ
ǕÊȡ[ȡ\Ûȡ
ËǗȡȯ
Ǘ
ǔȢȡǓȡ_
ȡ
¡ãȡȯȡ[
Ǒȡ
ǕǓ[Ûȡ[
ȯ ƴǕȡȡ¡Ȫ
ȰȡƭèǕȡ ȯ ȡ
ƣȡȡȡǕƣȡ
ȡ Ȣ ȡȡȡ ȯȡ
Ǔ[ȡȡ Ȣ`
èȡèØ
ȡȡȡ
Ȳ ȡ
ȪÑȡ Ȳ èǙǓ
ǔ¢ȡ
\ÛèǕȡ ȯȡ¡ǽ
\ǐçǙ
ȡǕȡǕȪǒÛǕǐ[
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
41
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ
Ǘ ȡǋ
ȡ_
Ǘ ¡`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽȪ`ȪƠȡǗ ã Ǘ ȡǋ
ȡ_Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ

]ȡ[
DBHHHI DBHIHJ DBHJHK DBHKIB DBIBIC DBICID DBII DBII DBII DBII DBII ĤǓǐ[
`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽ
ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ DBII DBII
Ǖ Ǘ ȡǋ E H
ȡƭȡȯȡ[ C C
\Ǐȡ\Ǐȡȯȡǐȡ GG
ȡ DJ
ȡȣ CEK
ȡ Ǖȡȡȡ ED
ǕÊȡ[ȡ\Ûȡ BK
ËǗȡȯ HJ
Ǘ FI
ǔȢȡǓȡ_ CH
ȡ FH
¡ãȡȯȡ[ FI
Ǒȡ IG
ǕǓ[Ûȡ[ GG
ȯ ƴǕȡȡ¡Ȫ EI
Ȱ ȡƭèǕ ȡ ȯ ȡ G H
ƣȡȡȡǕƣȡ IG
ȡ Ȣ ȡȡȡ ȯȡ JD
Ǔ[ȡȡ Ȣ` FJ
èȡèØ BJ
ȡȡȡ HD
Ȳ ȡ CH
ȪȲ ȡ Ȳ èǙǓ EJ
ǔ¢ȡ EK
\ÛèǕȡ ȯȡ¡ǽ FJ
\ǐçǙ
ȡǕȡǕȪǒÛǕǐ[
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
42
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢ Ǘ
Ǘ¡`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽȪ`ȪƠȡǗã Ǘ ȡǋ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
¡ȡ
ȡǋ
¡ȡ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ

]ȡ[
DBHHHI DBHIHJ DBHJHK DBHKIB DBIBIC DBICID DBII DBII DBII DBII DBI ĤǓǐ[
`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽ
ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ DBII DBI
Ǖ Ǘ ȡǋ F H G G
ȡƭȡȯȡ[ F B J H
\Ǐȡ\Ǐȡȯȡǐȡ HD EJ
ȡ EI CDD
ȡȣ HD DEJ
ȡ Ǖȡȡȡ GG KD
ǕÊȡ[ȡ\Ûȡ FJ HJ
ËǗȡȯ CBI EB
Ǘ FK CDG
ǔȢȡǓȡ_ CH EK
ȡ EH DBH
¡ãȡȯȡ[ FF GE
Ǒȡ KD KC
ǕǓ[Ûȡ[ CGD CCH
ȯ ƴǕȡȡ¡Ȫ HK GE
Ȱ ȡƭèǕ ȡ ȯ ȡ G C D K
ƣȡȡȡǕƣȡ IG GI
ȡ Ȣ ȡȡȡ ȯȡ EJ CC
Ǔ[ȡȡ Ȣ` KF GF
èȡèØ EC CG
ȡȡȡ IF CJ
Ȳ ȡ BK DE
ȪȲ ȡ Ȳ èǙǓ FJ DK
ǔ¢ȡ GE HI
\ÛèǕȡ ȯȡ¡ǽ HB CEC
\ǐçǙ
ȡǕȡǕȪǒÛǕǐ[
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
43
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ Ǘ ȡǋ
ǒ¡ȡ
Ǘ¡`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽȪ`ȪƠȡǗã Ǘȡǋ ǒ¡ȡĤ]ǒ¡ȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ

]ȡ[
DBICID DBII DBII DBII DBII DBII ĤǓǐ[
`ȪÊèǕ¡ǽ
ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ ȡǕ DBII DBI
Ǖ Ǘ ȡǋ G G G F
ȡƭȡȯȡ[ E F I B
\Ǐȡ\Ǐȡȯȡǐȡ DJ EH
ȡ CK HF
ȡȣ CF DDB
ȡ Ǖȡȡȡ EE IE
ǕÊȡ[ȡ\Ûȡ CE CF
ËǗȡȯ FE HG
Ǘ JD HG
ǔȢȡǓȡ_ BF CE
ȡ CCB DFK
¡ãȡȯȡ[ EG EH
Ǒȡ CIE CBG
ǕǓ[Ûȡ[ CGI GI
ȯ ƴǕ ȡȡ¡Ȫ CCE GB
Ȱ ȡƭèǕ ȡ ȯ ȡ J H E D
ƣȡȡȡǕƣȡ HI FF
ȡ Ȣ ȡȡȡ ȯ ȡ CFK CE
Ǔ[ȡȡ Ȣ` GE EJ
èȡèØ BI FK
ȡȡȡ JJ BD
Ȳ ȡ CH DB
ȪȲ ȡ Ȳ èǙǓ HH FC
ǔ¢ȡ FE KK
\ÛèǕȡ ȯ ȡ¡ǽ GE CFD
\ǐçǙ ȡǕȡǕȪǒÛǕǐ[
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ @
44
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȡǒƶȪǗ
ȡǒƶȪǗã Ǘ ȡǋ
ȡǋ
ȡǒ[
5Vk_dfªI
ǒ¡ȡ DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBI
DBII DBI
DBII DBI
DBII DBI
DBII DBI
DBII
ȡ`

ȫ

\ Ȫ

ȡǓ[

Ȳ Ȣ

Ǖ

ȡ

ȡǕ

Ȱ

Ȱȡ

ȯ

\ ȡ

ȡǒ[

ȡǒ[Ǚǒƨ
CD
CDC K J H G J K J E
D H C I H D H G

ĤǓ
ĤǓ
\ǐçǙ
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
45
FJ
FJ
U/
U/
U/ ȡǒƶȪǗã ǗȡǋȪȡǒ[ǒÛǕǐ[

]ȡ[DB
DBICBB
CBB

ĤǓǐ[
ǒ¡ȡ
]Ǔ[[ȡǕǒ¡ȡ
ȡ
Ǖ¡
ĤǓ
DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBI
DBII DBI
DBIIG DBI
DBII DBI
DBIII
Ǖ CBB
CBBB CD
CDC CD
CDE HF K B J E GG GG CB DE GB HH
ĤȡǓèǕ EEH CJI CHB EI CFG CBE IG CCC BD BJ EG CCD
^Ûȡaȡ[ JJ CK CIK DEF CGF GG CDC CEE CD HE CDD DF
`×ȡǑèǕ GII JK JE GH DJ IC II EH DF FK FI FI
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ @ ȡǕȡǕȪǒÛǕǐ[@
46
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȢȡǒƶȪǗ ȡǋ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
ȡǒƶȪǗã Ǘȡǋ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
5Vk_dfª
ȡ DBICID DBII DBII DBII DBII DBII DBII DBII DBII ĤǓǐ[
Ǘ¡` Ǘ¡
ĤǓ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ DBII DBII
Ǘ Ǘ ȡǋ

ĤȡǓèǕ¡Ǿ

ȡƭ
Ȱȡƭ
^Ûȡaȡ[

^Ûȡaȡ[
ǒƭǗ Q

`×ȡǑèǕ¡Ǿ

ȡƭȯȡ[ ǗȸÛ`×ȡ
ȡȣȪȡȡ àƨèǕ
ȡȡȡȡȡÛ`×ȡ
Ǔ[
ȡȡȡÛ`×ȡ
ȡȡkǓÛ`×ȡ
ȡÜȡǒƴ
\ÛȰ
ȡǗÛ`×ȡ

]ȡ ǕȡǗȡȡǗÛ`×ȡ

ǓǗȣȡǓǗȣÛ`×ȡ

ȯǔȡ`
ȡȣ ȡȡ àƨ`×ȡ
\Û`×ȡ
ǒèǙ]Ǔ[ȸ

`ȪÊèǗ¡Ǿ
ÚȸèǗ¡Ǿ
ǗȲȢèǗ¡Ǿ
Ǔȡ[ ȡĒȢ

\ǐçǙ
ȡǕ-ȡǕȪǒÛǕǐ[
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
47
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȡǒƶȪǗ
ȡǋ
ȡǒ[k
ȡǒƶȪǗã Ǘȡǋ k
5Vk_dfª
ÿlSeSYå_dSªW
Ǘ¡` Ǘ¡ \k_ÿlSeS

Ǘ Ǘ ȡǋ

ĤȡǓèǗ¡Ǿ

ȡƭ

Ȱȡƭ

^Ûȡaȡ[

^Ûȡaȡ[
ǒƭǕ
`×ȡǑèǗ¡Ǿ

ȡƭȯȡ[ ǗȸÛ`×ȡ
ȡȣȪȡȡ àƨè Ǖ

ȡȡȡȡȡÛ`×ȡ

Ǔ[
ȡȡȡÛ`×ȡ

ȡȡkǓÛ`×ȡ
ȡÜȡǒƴ
\ÛȰȡǗÛ`×ȡ
]ȡ ǕȡǗȡȡǗÛ`×ȡ
ǓǗȣȡǓǗȣÛ`×ȡ

ȯǔȡ`
ȡȣ ȡȡ àƨ`×ȡ
\Û`×ȡ
ǒèǙ]Ǔ[ȸ

`ȪÊèǗ¡Ǿ
ÚȸèǗ¡Ǿ
Ǘ
ȱ ȢèǗ¡Ǿ
Ǔȡ[ ȡĒȢ

İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
48
Ȣ
\Ǖ Ǘ Ȣ
ȡǒƶȡÏȡȡ Ǘ
ȡǒƶȡÏȡȡ Ǘ ȡǋ
5Vk_dfª
ǒ¡ȡ DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBI
DBII DB
DB
I DB
DB
I DB
DB
I DB
DB
I DB
DB
I
ȡ`
ȫ
\ Ȫ
ȡǓ[
Ȳ Ȣ
Ǖ
ȡ
ȡǕ
Ȱ
Ȱȡ
ȯ
\ ȡ
ȡǒ[
ȡǒ[Ǚǒƨ
ƨ
ĤǓ
ĤǓ
\ǐçǙ
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
49
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȡǒƶȡÏȡȡ Ǘ
ȡǒƶȡÏȡȡ Ǘȡǋ
k
ȡǋ
ȡǒ[k

]ȡ[DBHCHDCBB
ĤǓǐ[
Ǔ Ȳ Ǘ¡` Ǘ¡ ȡĤǓ

Ǘ Ǘ ȡǋ CBB
CBBBB CFF
CFFF CHK
CHKD CKK
CKK I DGF
DGFF DJD
DJDG EDC
EDCJ EFK
EFK B EHKJ
EHK FDE
FDED FFK
FFKF H D K E
C Ǘ ȡǋ DH
DHKI CEB
CEBH CGI
CGIB CGI
CGIB CJI
CJIE DBF
DBFK DGH
DGHE DIJ
DIJH DJF
DJFF EEH
EEH F EHJ
EHJ H K H H H
CC ǓȡȢ ȯȡ DJD CHCD CKKE CKKE DEHG DEHG EBKH EFBI EFBI FDED FDED BB IF
CD ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽ CCF CEJF CHFC CHFC DBJH DCBB DHEF DJIE DKBC EGBH EGEC BI GJ
CE ɇȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽ BGG CJHB DBFC DBFC DKBH DKBH FCIH FFHD FGII FKFK GDED GI CC
CF Ȱ ǓȡĤ¡ȣ ȯȡ FBC CFHK CJBD CJBD DDIK DDIK EBFK EEDF EEDF FCBJ FCBJ BB JC
CG ǔ¢ȡ CBGG CEFG CIFG CIFG DBIJ DBIJ DHJC DKGJ EBBD EHDF EJEF GJ CBE
CH ǓȢ Ȳ ¡ǽ IKB CBCD CBDG CBDG CCCE CICD CJFF CKEE DBHB DCKI DKKF EHE BB
D Ïȡȡ Ǘ ȡǋ IE
IEBE CFK
CFKF CIE
CIEJ DCG
DCGG DIK
DIKD ECC
ECCD EFG
EFGK EIF
EIFK FBC
FBCE FGG
FGGE FIK
FIKE G E CB
CBB
DC ǙǒǗ EKFK CGGK CJIE DFIJ EDBB EHBH EKDF FDDI FGIG GCIE GFHE GH CCG
Ǖǽ DBFK CGGH CKBE DGCJ EDDF EGFF EIIJ FCHC FGCB FKJB GDEB GB CBK
ǒ¡ȡ CKBB CGHE CJFB DFEF ECIF EHID FBJC FDKJ FHFH GEJD GICF HD CDB
DD kƭȪǓǗ DGDG CFDJ CGJE CIEE DDGB DFJD DKEC ECIF EDKB EIFH EKCJ FH IB
`Í¢ HEC CECF CFFJ CHKG DCFB DEEJ DIDH EBBF ECKJ EGHK EHBC BK KC
¢ HEC CFBC CGGC CHJH DDBF DFDD DKBB ECFE EDHK EIBC EIDK BI IE
\[¢ HEC CFGH CHCG CHKG DDCJ DFHK DKBC ECGJ EDEE EHEJ EHHH BJ JJ
\¢ HED CGFE CICI CJGH DFEI DHKJ ECKI EEKE EFGJ FBIH FHIF CFI EH
DE Ǔȡ[Ǘ JDK CEJH CGHH CJKK DGBE DHJC DJGK EDDK EGFC FBGI FDHI GD KG
ȸ DIH CEFF CGCE CIKD DEGE DFJJ DHFC EBBK EDKH EIKD EKJK GD JF
¢ CEJ CEDD CFKK CIIB DDHC DFBG DGGI DKCC ECJF EHJK EJKJ GI JJ
\¢ CEJ CEHH CGDJ CJCE DFFG DGIC DIDH ECBJ EFBK EJKF FBJC FJ JB
Ǔ ȸ DIH CEBC CFFH CHKJ DDIG DFEG DGDH DJFE ECHJ EICK EJHG EK JG
¢ CEJ CDHI CFCF CHIB DCII DEFK DFFD DIHI ECBK EGKF EIFC FC KF
\¢ CEJ CEEF CFII CIDI DEID DGDD DHCB DKCK EDDJ EJFF EKJK EJ IH
ÏȡȢ DII CGCE CIEJ DDBH DJJC ECCJ EFBI EJEE FCGI FHHB FKFH HC CCE
Ǖǽ CEJ CFKJ CICH DDCI DKDD ECGD EFGH EKDG FDDB FGIC FJBF GC CDI
ǒ¡ȡ CEK CGDK CIHC DCKG DJEK EBJF EEGJ EIFC FBKG FIFK GBJI IC CBB
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
]Ǔ[[ȯ ǔȪǓȢ Ȳ ¡ǽȪØȡȲ\ÚȡǓǐfȪ@
50
FJ
U/ A
FJ
U/
U/ A ȡǒƶȡÏȡȡ ǗȡǋȪȡǒ[ǒÛǕǐ[

]ȡ[DBHC
DBHCHD
HDCBB
CBB

ĤǓǐ[
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ
ȡǕǒ¡ȡ
ȡ
`ȪÊèǕ¡Ǿ
ĤǓ
DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBI
DBIIF DBI
DBIIG DBI
DBII DBI
DBIII
Ǖ Ǘȡǋ CBB
CBBB CK
CKE CE
CEI CK
CKC DI
DIH K H CI
CIB H J F I CF
CFC I J CB
CBB I G
C Ǘ
Ǘȡǋ DI
DIB CH
CHJ CE
CEJ B B CK
CKE K F DH
DHD I J D B CJ
CJG K F H H CE
CEH
CCǓȡȢ ȯȡ DJ DJC CFH BB CJI B B EC
ECE K I B B DF
DFD B B I F CK
CKD
CD ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡ¡Ǿ CC DCK CCC BB DJB B B DI
DIH I G B I DC
DCI B B G J CJ
CJF
CEɇȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡Ǿ BH CJD CE BB FDF B B FI
FII F E D E CD
CDK C E C D DG
DGF
CF ȯȡȡĤ¡ȣ FB EBK CEB BB DHG B B EF
EFG J G B B DE
DEH B B J C K B
CGǔ¢ȡ CBH CHC DDF BB CKC B B EB
EBG K C C G DB
DBI G J CB
CBE CB
CBH
CHǓȢĤǓƵȡ¡Ǿ IK DI BB BB JH GE
GEJ J F F C H H H I EH
EHE B B CI
CID
DÏȡȡ Ǘȡǋ IE
IEB DB
DBC CE
CEH DG
DGG DK
DKJ K H CF
CFJ H H G G CE
CEB I F CC
CCB G K
DCǙǒǗ EKG DHK CIB EFH DIC CD
CDG CC
CCC I K G H CE
CEG I I CD
CDC F I
DDkȪǓǗ DGD CBH JJ CBF EFE F I DF
DFJ D I E H CC
CCH H H K D J K
DEǓȡ[Ǘ JE CJC CBH DBF EFC H E CB
CBB CB
CBF CB
CBD CE
CEB J C J G G G
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
51
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȡǒƶȡÏȡȡ Ǘ
ȡǒƶȡÏȡȡ Ǘ ȡǋ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
ȡǋ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
5Vk_dfª

DBHHHI DBHHHI DBHIHJ DBHIHJ DBHJHK DBHJHK DBHKIB DBHKIB DBIBIC ĤǓǐ[
Ǔ Ȳ Ǘ¡` Ǘ¡ ȡĤǓ
ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ \ ȡ ȡǕ
Ǘ Ǘ ȡǋ CBB

CBB B CHK
CHK H CJC
CJC K DBD
DBD B DCH
DCH H DGI
DGI I DIB
DIB F DJD
DJD F DKD
DKD G EEB
EEB F EEB
EEB J EGEB
EGE EGH
EGH K EHK
EHK I EIJ
EIJ J FDC
FDC J FDK
FDK I FGF
FGF K FGJ
FGJ J GBB
GBB F CB
CB B I G
C Ǘ ȡǋ DH
DH KI CGI
CGI B CGI
CGI B CGI
CGI B CGI
CGI B CJI
CJI E CJI
CJI E DBF
DBF K DBF
DBF K DGJ
DGJ H DGJ
DGJ I DIJI
DIJ DIJ
DIJ I DJF
DJF F DJF
DJF F EEH
EEH K EEH
EEH K EHJ
EHJ H EHJ
EHJ H EKE
EKE C H H CE
CE H
CC ǓȡȢ ȯȡ DJD CKKE CKKE CKKE CKKE DEHG DEHG DEHG DEHG ECBH ECBH EFBI EFBI EFBI EFBI FDED FDED FDED FDED FGFF IF CKD
CD ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽ CCF CHFC CHFC CHFC CHFC DCBB DCBB DCBB DCBB DHJB DHJK DJJC DJJC DKBC DKBC EGEC EGEC EGEC EGEC EIEG GJ CJF
CE ɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽ BGG DBFC DBFC DBFC DBFC DKBH DKBH DKBH DKBH FDKC FDKC FFIG FFIG FGII FGII GCHH GCHH GDED GDED GDKD CC DGF
CF ȰǓȡĤ¡ȣ ȯȡ FBC CJBD CJBD CJBD CJBD DDIK DDIK DDIK DDIK EBHG EBHG EEDF EEDF EEDF EEDF FCBJ FCBJ FCBJ FCBJ FFEK JC KB
CG ǔ¢ȡ CBGG CIFG CIFG CIFG CIFG DBIJ DBIJ DBIJ DBIJ DICD DICD DKGJ DKGJ EBBD EBBD EHDF EHDF EJEF EJEF FDDI CBE CBH
CH ǓȢ Ȳ ¡ǽ IKB CBDG CBDG CBDG CBDG CCCE CCCE CICD CICD CJGH CJGH CKEE CKEE DBHB DBHB DCKI DCKI DKKF DKKF DKKF BB CID
D Ïȡȡ Ǘ ȡǋ IE
IE BE CIF
CIF D CKC
CKC B DCJ
DCJ H DEJ
DEJ H DJE
DJE I EBC
EBC C ECC
ECC B EDF
EDF J EGH
EGH K EGI
EGI F EJBF
EJB EJG
EJG J FBC
FBC D FCE
FCE H FGE
FGE D FHF
FHF B FJH
FJH I FKD
FKD C GFB
GFB B CC
CC B G K
DC ǙǒǗ EKFK CJID DCGB DGCK DIKJ EDBC EFGF EHBD EJBG FBBC FBBC FECJ FFCB FGHC FIEH GCIK GDDC GGIH GHGJ HDGE CDC FH
Ǖǽ DBFK CJKC DCHI DGJJ DJBG EDCB EFFJ EGEH EHHI EJFF EJFF FEBG FEKC FFKF FHEI FKIB GBCC GEEE GFCG GKFD CCF HG
ǒ¡ȡ CKBB CJGC DCEC DFFF DIKB ECKD EFHD EHID EKGE FCIB FCIB FEEE FFEC FHEF FJFD GFBH GFFI GJEJ GKDB HGJJ CDJ DJ
DD kƭȪǓǗ DGDG CGKK CHBH CIHG CJDF DEIC DFEC DFJE DGGC EBKJ EBKJ ECJD ECJD EDKH EEFC EHIJ EKBF EKDC EKDC FDJB KD JK
`Í¢ HEC CFID CFHC CIFE CIKG DDDF DDKJ DEEE DFCE DJKB DJKB EBCK EBDC EDCI EDGG EGIC EGJB EHBE EHBE FBFD CDD CBC
¢ HEC CGIF CGJB CICF CIJE DEDH DEID DFCG DGCJ EBHJ EBHJ ECFG ECFG EDHK EEDI EIBB EICK EIEC EIEC FCBF CBB JD
\[¢ HEC CHDJ CHEG CICG CIHK DEHI DFDE DFII DFKE EBIB EBIB ECGK ECGK EDDC EDIJ EHFE EHGG EHHK EHHK FBII CCC KJ
\¢ HED CIDD CIFI CJJK CKFK DGHH DHEC DIBI DIJC EEHD EEHD EFBF EFBG EFIG EGBF EIKI FHHC FHIJ FHIJ FJKG FH IH
DE Ǔȡ[Ǘ JDK CGHC CHKI CJIK DCEI DGCK DHHJ DHIJ DICK DKFG DKKE EDGB EDKB EGJC EHKI FBFJ FCCH FEIF FFGK FIFI JG GG
ȸ DIH CGCF CHDF CIIJ DBCJ DEJD DFGG DFJF DGBE DIDI DIJF EBDJ EBGF EEEG EFGE EIIJ EJDF FBIF FCKC FEKF IK HE
¢ CEJ CFKG CHCH CIHB CKIE DDIH DEGG DEKI DFEF DHEC DHIG DKEI DKGD EDBC EEKI EHJE EIBG EKDK FCBE FEDB CBB FH
\¢ CEJ CGEF CHEC CIKG DBHE DFJI DGGF DGIC DGIC DJDE DJKF ECCK ECGH EFHK EGCB EJID EKFD FDCK FDJB FFHI GK JB
Ǔ ȸ DIH CFFE CGEK CIBE CJKK DDKG DFGG DFEH DFFE DGIC DHDB DJGK DJJG ECKC EEHD EIDB EIFE EKGD EKKJ FDHI JB ID
¢ CEJ CFCJ CGDB CHJG CJGI DCJF DEHD DEGC DEHF DFIJ DGEE DIKC DJBE ECEJ EEBE EGJJ EHCB EIKB EJEB FCJG CBF FI
\¢ CEJ CFHK CGGJ CIDC CKFD DFBI DGFK DGDD DGDD DHHE DIBI DKDH DKHI EDFF EFDD EJGE EJIH FCCE FCHH FEFJ GI KH
ÏȡȢ DII CIDG CKDJ DCGI DFKE DJJB EBKD ECCE EDCB EGEF EGIF EJHB EKDJ FDCF FDIF FHFG FIJB GBKG GCJG GGJB KG EG
Ǖǽ CEJ CIBE CJKE DCIH DGCH DKEB ECDI ECFG EDGK EGID EGKK EKHF FBDJ FDJC FDJC FGGC FHGF FKFE GBEE GFIE CBI HE
ǒ¡ȡ CEK CIFI CKHE DCEJ DFIB DJEB EBGI EBJC ECHD EFKI EGGB EIGJ EJDK FCFJ FDHH FIEK FKBG GDFI GEEI GHJI JF BK
\ǐçǙ
ȡǕ-ȡǕȪǒÛǕǐ[
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ @
52
\Ǖ ǗȢG
ȢGC
CȫǑġ ȶ
ȫǑġ ȶ ¢

ǽȪȡ
\ ȡ ȡÛ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Đ Ȳ Ȣ[
DBHI DBHJ DBHK DBIB DBIC DBID DBIE DBIF DBIG DBIH DBIE
DBIE IF DBIF
DBIF IG DBIG
DBIG IH DBI
DBI I
C ǕȰȯǔ àǔƣ DCHGDGB DDCDHGG EJEIIDC FHJDEJB GKKDCKI IFIDJID KGGKJBK CBCFHEFK CBGFDKCI KKIFBBE CBBECBCF CBBGGIJC
D Ǖ]Ûǐ àǔƣ HBFFHCJ IBBBGFH IFHGEBD JFICEJE KHHIFIF CCEBGCFF CDJJGKII CGIIBHIC DBFBCIFK CFIIIBGG CJDEKIIK DEFJKJBJ
E Ǖ]Ûǐȡ[ IKHGKJD KCBDDFK KKFHKCG CCHGJHHE CECFEBGB CGDIEFGK CJBGIEHB DCIIIKDB DIGGJKEB CKKKIFIC DFECGHFC ECCFHDIF
F ȡȡ_fȪǕȡ[ CEHGDDK CHEFEKF CHDJJDC CHIIJJE CFCKJKG CDIDCCF JIIGKF CFKFJKB DIDHEBE EFHFD JGFIEJ DFBCGDG
ȡȡǓȪȡȢ CEHGDDK CHEFEKF CHGDGFJ CHIKIDJ CHGFKBE CHCBDFG DBDIIIJ DGGIHCC EHDCDJC CKKCIHE EGKFKKC EIDBKHK
ȡȣ BBB BBB DEIDJ CJFG DEGBBJ EEJCEC CCGBCJG CBHDIDC JKFKIJ CKGICDB DIFBDGE CECKFFF
G ȡȣ Ȳ èȡȡ_fȪȡ[ JFIEB JHBDI CCEIGF CDIBHG CCKBFK CEEHCG CCHFCE CEGCDC CEJHCG CDICBK CFFKJB CDGJJC

ǒƣȢ DGKHK DDDHE CDIHB CECIF CFJIH EDHBI EFCFE FDJHD EJDID FFEJI EJEED DKBFI

Ȱ-ǒƣȢ GJIHC HEIHF CBBKKF CCEJKC CBFCIE CBCBBJ JDDIB KDDGK CBBEFE JDIDE CBHHFK KHJEG
H Ȱ- ȡȣȢƣȢ Ȳ èȡȡ_fȪȡ[ CEBGCK CBJHBF CBHBJD CDEFGG KGJGK CDJDIK CFBDKE CIHEBK DHHCIE CIEBEH DEEHJF EHGHEI
I ǓȢ¢ȯğȡ_fȪȡ[ HEJGGBF IDIEDDF JBKJDGJ KIEBDHC CCGBJDFH CEIEKFGC CHKDEBHC CKKICHBB DFFDIJFB CKHHDHJF DEBJDDEJ DJDGEDEB
J Ǖ\ȫǑġȡǒ× CKDCEHF DCBCIBE DFJCHCE ECJIDJB EFIGGIG EKHJECG GCICEJE HBBIDFK ICGICJC GDDBFCH HBIGJHD IHGHFHH
K ǒèǙǕġȡĤȡfD
CB CC JDBKJHJ KDCEDBC CCEBEBDE CECGEIHE CGHGKHIC CJIIJBCG DDFFGIJH DGKCIBDB EBKFFHHH DFIGCBGK DJDIBIKD EEGFGGJK
CB ǕġȡĤȡfC DCDBKIC DDDEGCE DHEIBGI EBCGKBD EGFJEBB FDFIFFH GBEDJIC GHKFBDE HHKEKGB GECIJKK HBGHHIC HHFFCJE

Ǖġȡ CEKDJCE CFCKECG CIBFKCI CKGJIFD DDIGEIF DIBBJBF EDIFJDI EHCIFGK FCGKJGF EHCJGKD FBEJIEB FDDDHEJ

ãȢǓ¢ȯ IDJCGJ JBFCKK KEDCFB CBGICGK CDIDKDH CGFHHFD CIGJBFF DBIHGHF DGEFBKG CHKKEBJ DBCIKFC DFDCGFG
CC ǕƧȢǓ¢ȯ HBJJJKI HKJKHJI JHHGKHH CBCEIJHC CDCCCEIC CFGEBGHK CIFCDKCG DBDDDKKH DFDGBICI CKFEECGK DDDCFCDD DHKBCFBH
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ @
\ǐçǙ@
53
\Ǖ ǗȢG
ȢGD
DǕ
ǕġȡĤȡȡĤȡȡȶ ȡ¡Ǿ

ȡǒ[ǐ[ȡ
ǽȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Đ Ȳ Ȣ[ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBI
DBI I
DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
C ǕȰȯǔ àǔƣ" CECHDHH HJKEKH CDICDIC CFGBEHB CJJKCDE JDCBHC KHB HIFBB GBBDBK DFIDKK GJKJGF EIJFBI
D Ǖ]Ûǐ àǔƣ" IIEGGH CCHCEFF CDEFHEJ CHHIKJF CIIJHFJ DHGBCIE GBCJBF GGGBID CJBGBHF DHBCBID ECKBIII DDEECCK
E Ǖ]Ûǐȡ[ JFFHHH CICCIFJ CFJFEJI DCEBFBI DIJEKBC EIDBGHC GIJCBC GJKHDI CKFBCCC DGEIIDB EGJIEFE CHBHCCB
ȡȡ_fȪǕȡ[ GGIE FKBHD DGIKJJ CFIIJC EKFGDC HCIDKH CDECFC CBKKDH JFDKGC HFBCGD EDFIIJ CIBBDDI
F ȡȡǓȪȡȢ CJCGG DICIK DFJDF FFHGJ FCIGEE GDKJEE CBHEHI IKBIC EHBCG CBEIEJB KKHJJ CFIDBE
ȡȣ DEIDJ DCJJE DEECHE CBECDE JCDBGF JIFHF CHIIF EBJGF JBHKEH CHIIGED FDFFHH CGGEBDF
Ȳ èȡ[fȪȡ[ DIIDI CEECC JBCG CFGHG CIDBD CJIBJ EFK DGHC CBHKH KJGK CDIEF CHDIJ
G
ǒƣȢ KGBE FCF CIBD CIIEC CGEH JICK FGK DDDB CBDFE FGEC KDDG FHF

Ȱ-ǒƣȢ EIDEB CDJKI KICJ ECHH CJIEJ KKJK JBJ EFC FGE CFEKB EGBK CHIFD
H Ȱ ȡȣǓƣȢ Ȳ èȡȡ_fȪȡ[ DGDD CIEIE DIGKG EDFDB CDBCF EHBCI JKJH CFIIB EDIFE GIEIG KKFHF KCFK
I ǓȢ¢ȯğȡ_fȪȡ[ JDGBEF CHEDBBD CIIIKJG DDECDBE ECJEHBK EBFJGEK FFGHDF FHIFKD DIEKHDE ECCBHEJ EJDGEKB EDJBKBK
J Ǖ\ȫǑġȡǒ×" ICCCB GGBFBF DFKIFK FHDFDE CBBGDGE CBIBEJJ IHDKI EFGGH CEGBFI HEEGD EKHGHH HDIBBK
K ǕġȡĤȡfD
CB CC DBJKJDD CJGBIFB DGBGKBK ECCJEFF EHHIIIC EFICDEF GBDIHG FJIHIC DEBGDIE DEGEIIE DHBBKDE DHCCGDH
ǕġȡĤȡfC
FCEGFF EIJJFG GEDEKK HKKCFH IJGFDG HHCCGD KKKKE GIDFJ DJGBDJ EHDHFI FKIHH JCEFF
CB
Ǖġȡ DJGHBD DGEJDG ECHHED FDGFEB GIFBDE EFDHED GFDFB IDCK EFEIHG FDCDIB HDIJE DCDJIC

ãȢǓ¢ȯ CDIKFD CDGBCK DCGIHI DIEICH DCCFBD ECJGDB FGIGE GBBDK GJIEI GJHDE CCDGGB DKFDCH
CC ǕƧȢǓ¢ȯ CHIHDIK CFICJKG CKIEGCB DFCKCKJ DJJDEFH DJCBBJD FBDIID FEBFDE DBDBDFG CKKCCDH DHGBHJK DHKDJIB
CD ǒȯ ȢǒǓȡȡ
ȪÈ ȡ
- EBJJBB CGGDHE EJGFH EBECI CKIJCF DEFGDC EJHKI DCBJ JHBCF CECKHF CBDICK FGHBFH
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
\ǐçǙ@
"ǒǓȡȡȪÈ ȡ ȡȪǐfȪ@
54
\Ǖ ǗȢG
ȢGE
EǕ
ǕġȡĤȡȡĤȡȡȶ ȡ¡Ǿ
ĤǓȡ

ȡǒ[ǐ[ĤǓȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Đ Ȳ Ȣ[ DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBI
DBII
DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
C ǕȰȯǔ àǔƣ" CIKH DIDB DFDB DGDK JGK BBK HEK GDE DFF GGK EJF
D Ǖ]Ûǐ àǔƣ" CGGH CFHB CIDG CGIE DBGI ECJD DIDC CFBC CHFK CGHF JHB
E Ǖ]Ûǐȡ[ CIDC CDIE CHDC CJDD DBHB DHGG DCFB CBIF CCHG CEBD FJB
F ȡȡ_fȪǕȡ[ EBC CGEJ CBFC ECBC IBEF JDEI FBED KHBG FDJD CCKC FFFF
ȡȡǓȪȡȢ CHF CGB DIB DGKE DHCE FCGK DCJF CIJ FBGH DIG EEF
ȡȣ KDDD CDHEHGF FEJJ DFBCH IHB CGIJ EFFJ IBCH CGIJG FIFE DHFJE
G Ȳ èȡ[fȪȡ[ CCIB HEC CDDE CDJI CHBI DGK CJFJ KCK IEB CECI DIB

ǒƣȢ EDF CDKD CCKCK FIC DGGF CBIC GJBB EBBB CBGI DFCB DJK

Ȱ-ǒƣȢ CDII JGE EBF CJGG CDCF JIH EFB BGG CGHB CGHH CCDI
H Ȱ ȡȣǓƣȢ Ȳ èȡȡ_fȪȡ[ CHEJ DDFB EEJD KEI DGHI GBKI GGFK DEEF EDGF EIEI DDC
I ǓȢ¢ȯğȡ_fȪȡ[ DBCG CJEB CKEK DECI CJBC DDEC CKCF CHCK CGGJ CGHH CCDI
J Ǖ\ȫǑġȡǒ×" DDCJ IJB CEEB DGEE DBIB CDIB FJE DHC CBG GGF JEJ
K ǕġȡĤȡfD
CB CC CHEI CKCB CKKC CKGE CGFH CKFB CGIH CBDI KBJ JFC IDK
CB ǕġȡĤȡfC
CFEI CIHG CKIB CJFK CECF CIGH JGG GHH HEI BIF CCD

Ǖġȡ CFJK CHCI CJIB DCDG CBFH CFKK CIF CBGB CCHG CGC GBE

ãȢǓ¢ȯ CEFC DBFC DCGB CEHI CJCD DDBE CKIF EEF DJD FFF KIB
CC ǕƧȢǓ¢ȯ CHKJ CKKI FEII CKJF CHCF CKKD CIIG CCHB KJG DCCB CHCH
İȪȯȡȡƶɇ@
\ǐçǙ@
"ǒǓȡȡȪÈ ȡ ȡȪǐfȪ@
55
\Ǖ ǗȢG
ȢGF͗Ǖ
ǕȡȡȡȪȡǔèǓ

ǽȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBI
DBII
DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBIͬI
ȡĤȪ
ǓĐȧȪȪ
ǐ [ǐȪȪȪ
Ǔ¢ȯȪȪ
ȡĤȡ¡
ǐȪȪ
ǐȪȪȪ
ǕȡĤȪ
ȡĤȪ

İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ @
56
ȢGG
\Ǖ ǗȢG GÞȡ Ȳ ȡ
ĤǓ
Þȡ Ȳ ȡ
ĤǓ
ȡǐk Þȡ DBIG\ ȡ
DBIG\ ȡ DBIG\ Ȫ
DBIG\ Ȫ G
GǕ
GǕ G
GȰ
GȰ DBIH\ ȡ
DBIH\ ȡ DBIH\ Ȫ
DBIH\ Ȫ H
HǕ
HǕ H
HȡǕ
HȡǕ
KCǑȯĚȯ ȣǒ EIF CII BJH FFF FKI FEE ECI EKI
\Û
\Ûʹɇ
\Û ɇ
ȡǔÏɇ DKH CJH DJ GDJ FGD FHD CJ FEG
\ÛǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ GF EFD EEG GBH HDF EKI EEJ
Ǔ¢ȯ HFK HGI HID HHI HH HIG HIK HII
ȡ[ CDFI CDDH CDDK CDDJ CDCE CCKJ CCKF CCJ
]ȡ
]ȡÞȡ
]ȡ Þȡ CB
CBFI CB
CBDE K J KHF KGI KGH KFE KFG
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ@
57
\Ǖ ǗȢG
Ȣ GH: Ǔ¢ȯǐȡȡȡ[Ĥȡ¡;ǽ
Ĥȡ¡ ǽȪȡ
Ȫȡ
Ȫȡ
DBIF\ ȡ
DBIF\ ȡ DBIFȡǕ
DBIFȡǕ DBIG\ ȡ
DBIG\ ȡ DBIGȡǕ
DBIG ȡǕ DBIH\ ȡ
DBIH \ ȡ DBIHȡǕ
DBIH ȡǕ ]ǒ¡ȡȡĤǓǐ[
Ȣ[
ȡÛ ȡÛ ȡÛ ȡÛ ȡÛ ȡÛ*
ȡÛ DBIG
DBIG IH DBIHII
DBIH II
Ǔ¢ȯǐȡ
ȡǔÏɇ DBJBEK DDDBBE DFGKDD DHHBIK DJFEBH ECBFJK JD KDC
ǒȡ ɇ DDCBE DGHDC DJJEG EEBJB EIJCK EIGDG CFID BIJ
ǒƣàȢ GCII GGHE HDKG HIJF IFIK JCCG III JG
ɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ DDKKJC DFJICF DIFDCB EBBJHC EDEGBI EFKFDC KID JBC
ȡ[Ĥȡ¡
Ĥȡ¡
ǓȢ¢ȯğȡ
ȡ
ȡǔÏɇ CIBJKK CKFHBI DBKBFJ DEIBFK DFGHGK DIGBCD CEEK CCKG
ǒȡ ɇ DBBIF DFEEE DGDCC ECEKGKG EFDCC EEFBKGG DFGE DEF
ǒƣàȢ FKDK GDHH GIDE HFHHBJ HIFK IDEKGF CDKK IDI
ɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ CKGKBC DDFDBG DEKKJC DIFKCC DJHHCK ECGHHC CFGH CBCE
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ@
*\ǐçǙ@
+ ȰȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȢf] ȪǓ¢ȯ ȡȪǐfȪ@
58
\Ǖ ǗȢG
ȢGI¢ȯ Ĥȡ¡Ȫ\èȡ
ǽȪȡ
¢ȯğ]ȡȡȡ[Ĥȡ¡Ȫ\èȡ Ȫȡ
Ȫȡ
H
H
H
\ ȡ
\ ȡȡǕ Ǖ ȡ[ȡ\Ȳ
¢ȯğ \ ȡ
\ ȡ G
G\ ȡ
G\ ȡ H
H\ ȡ
H\ ȡ H
HȡǕ
HȡǕ

ĤǓǐ[
DBIHȡǕ
DBIHȡǕ
Ǚǒ
ȡȢ
`×ȡ
Ǔȡ[
ȡǕ`×ȡ͕ȯǔȣǒƭǕȢ`
ȡȡȡȡ ȡȡ`×ȡǒǒ
ȡȡȡ͕ ʶȡ ȡ[Ǔ ȯȡ
ȪȡǕġȡåȡȡ
ǒƣȢ͕ȢȡèȢ àǓƯ
ȯȡ`ƭȪ
`ȪÊb
èȡȢ ȡ
\Û
àȡ
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ@
59
\Ǖ ǗȢG
ȢGJ
Jɇ
ɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪ Ȳ Éȡ
ǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ DBHK DBIB DBIC DBID DBIE DBIF DBIG DBIH DBIH
DBIH
ȡǔÏɇ ED EC EB EB DJ DJ DJ DJ DI
ǒȡ ɇ JJ JH JF IH HI FB EE DK DE
ǒƣàȢ IB GK GE FJ FD DJ DG DE DD
ǕǒƣȡȪȡȶ Ȳ èȡ DF EC EE EJ FD GE HG KB JK
ȯȡȡƶɇ ȡ^ȡĤȡƯ ¡ȡȣ Ȳ èȡ

ȢǓɇ ǒǍȡȪȡȶ CH CH CG CG CG CF
ȯȡȡƶɇ ȡ^ȡĤȡƯȰ ȡȣ Ȳ èȡ

ǕǒƣȡȪȡȶ EH EC DK DI DG DG
ȢȡàȢ DG DG DG DH DH DJ DJ FB FB
[ȡȣ ʶȪ C C C C C C C C C
ȡǐȡȢȪ C C C C C C C C C
¡Ǖȡɇ C C C C C C C C C
¡Ǖȡɇ ȡȡȡ[¡Ǿ CCI CCI CCI HJ HJ HJ HJ HJ HG
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ @
ȡǕ ȡÛ@
60
ȢG
\Ǖ ǗȢ K
GK ǒƣȢ¡Ǖ
ǒƣȢ¡Ǖȱȡǐ Ǘ ¡ǽ
ǒƣȢ¡Ǘȱȡ Ǘ DBIC\ ȡ
DBIC\ ȡ DBID\ ȡ
DBID\ ȡ DBIE\ ȡ
DBIE\ ȡ DBIF\ ȡ
DBIF\ ȡ DBI
DBI\ ȡ
\ ȡ DBIH\ ȡ
DBIH\ ȡ H
HȡǕ
HȡǕ
ɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡȪȡȡ ÌÉȡ
ȡǔÏɇ CGFI CHID CJHK DDIF EBDE EGJG FDCK
ǒȡ ɇ JCJ JBJ JGD IHK KKE CDHI CDCE
ǒƣàȢ DEK DFD CIG CEB CJH DBF DEK
ĤǓɇ ȡȡ ÌÉȡ IHHH IDBH HGHD GHCB FEEF EEHE EBID
Ǔ¢ȯȡȡȪ ÌÉȡ CECDKGIF CFKEFHCJ CHJEHBCI CKHIIBBG DEGFFJGK DIJHHGBG ECIECKIC
bȡȡȪ ÌÉȡ KFBBBG CBEEEJE CBKHGIB CDCHBKC CEBCBCB CFEKHFJ CGCFJKG
ȡȡǒ¡ɇ ǒǍȯÛġ GBF GBF JCD CBBJ CDJG CGEB CHCE
Ȫȡ^ɇ ǒǍ ȯȡĤȪȡ[ IHJFDF CBHJEBE CIGFGHH DHHKIED GBJHBHK JEFICJI CBEEFGCB
^Ûȯɇ ǒǍ ȯȡĤȪȡ[ EDJFEF FCGFHD GCGFHG IJEIGC JEFEBD KCIEFF KKJDBG
fǒȪ ÌÉȡ CHGD CIDC CKBJ DBJC DIKC EECH EJHE
ȯǓȡ[Ȫ ÌÉȡ EKJJIIK FGECIJI FGCDKIK FKJBKGJ GGFFDGE HIBJGDC IDCHEDH
ĐȯǓȡ[Ȫ ÌÉȡ GIJKJ FEJKG GDBCF HJKHH CBFIDC CDECFH CGFBEG
ĤǓC ÌÉȡȡǓ¢ȯȡȡ ÌÉȡ IEGGE JDGCB KCIFI CBGIKB JCIBC KGFBB CBICHJ
ĤǓC ÌÉȡȡfǒ ÌÉȡ K CB CB CC CB CC CE
ĤǓC ÌÉȡȡȡȡ ÌÉȡ CG CG CH CI CG CI CK
ĤǓC ÌÉȡȡȯǓȡ[ ÌÉȡ DDEFH DGBEI DFGKE DHIIK CKDEK DDKHH DFEID
ĤǓC ÌÉȡȡĐȯǓȡ[ ÌÉȡ EDF DFE DJE EIC EHE FDD GDB
İȪ͗ȯȡȡƶɇ @
ÌÉȡȪØȡǋȯÛġȣØȡǋǒȡȪ ÌÉȡĤ¢ȯ
ÚèȡǓfȪ@
61
\Ǖ ǗȢG
ȢGCB
CBɇ
ɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȪ ȡȪİȪ`Ȫ

ǽȪȡ
\ ȡ ȡÛ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Đ Ȳ Ȣ[
DBIB DBIC DBID DBIE DBIF DBIG H
H DBIE
DBIE IF DBIF
DBIF IG DBIG
DBIG IH DBIH
DBIH II
II
C ǕǓ¢ȯ CCJJBK
CCJJBK BD CFBHIH
CFBHIH KG CHJJJD
CHJJJD KK DBCHJC
DBCHJC HD DDKKJB
DDKKJB IH DIFDCB
DIFDCB DK DDBBHG
DDBBHG CK DFJICF
DFJICF EE EBBJHC
EBBJHC DG
D ãȢ CCEHKEB CDKHJKD CGKDKBB CJEFHBE CKKBFID DGHDKJF CHIBFGI DBKDFKC DGFKHBG
E FHKFJGD GJKIBGK ICDFICD JIEHIKH JCFCGEB KFHJDCK JDCDFCH KBJJDBK CBBIHKGH
F ǕƧȢ FDBKKFH FGDKFCK GBKDBCC HCGJHCF KKEFDGJ CDDJBGHG JEJGGCD CBKGFJKE CFDIJEDF
G CIFIHBH DDEEJCF DKGICIF EDIJIJC DIDEFDB DJJGKEG EGGJIEJ DGCHKBK DKECKKH
H ȡǔ[ KCGHK CCBGCC CDCGBD CGKEHJ DBJEKH DDEEDH CIKEKI DCJKEC DFKDFE
I ȯȡȡƶɇ ȡ ȡȣ DIGIH CKEEB EDHCG HICBD HKEIE CDDEBE KHJIG CKBEKH DFGFGG
J \ÛȰȯǔȡǒ× DKGFE BFC BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB DDCKB
K Ǖ\Û ȡ¡Ǿ CJFGHJF CKCFGEC DBEKCHG DEGKJBI EGFHIIF FBDEIJH EEEEGGB FFHKBFF GBIKHEF
CB Ǖ ȡȪİȪ
ȡȪİȪ `Ȫ
`Ȫ CEIJEI
CEIJEI BG CHBBCG
CHBBCG KI CJKHBB
CJKHBB IJ DDGKGB
DDGKGB IB DHHCFD
DHHCFD DE ECGHIC
ECGHIC CK DGFEHK
DGFEHK FF DKGEBJ
DKGEBJ IE EGFEEF
EGFEEF BF
CC ȡɇ ȫÏȡ DEBGC

DEBGC HD DJHJD
DJHJD HE EGEEI
EGEEI DK EGHIF
EGHIF IG FDBFE
FDBFE CF EKEFD
EKEFD EI EKBJF
EKBJF FG EGEJB
EGEJBDD EHIGF
EHIGF HE
CD ȫÏȡ EFJIDC FCCDKK FIDKDB GGKBCC HEBJDG IDDBIF GDDGBD HCCFEE HKGHGD
CE ȡƶɇ ȡ¡ȯ ȪȫÏȡ CCIIDKJ CGHDCFB CKDDEKD CGFBBHC DCCGKEC DBJCEGC CJFBGDE CIIBEKI CGBIKKH
CF ǒȯ ȢǕġȡȫÏȡ JGDC IJJI CEEHK KKKK CBKDJ DHJGB CHCGC EEBIH EJKFH
CG ǒȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȪȫÏȡ IIBHDD JJHKEJ CCDGBFJ CFGJFBF CFFHHEC CCBEKHE CGDKDIB CCDECCH CFEDJHK
CH ȡ[ȡ ȡȣ CCFIJGFF CECEEEEF CGFDHEFK CKBDIGKF DDFBKKBJ DIHEDJJD DCGDJFKK DGKKDJGC ECIGIKFC
CI ȡȡǓȪȡȢ CGDDGHB CFDCGII CFDFKIK CJHEHKC DCEJKFH DJIGFBH CHBBKEH DGKJEGJ EBHJIGC
CJ ȡȣ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȡǓȪȡȢ CDFFCH CCEJEB CBKDDI KDBDG CBBFJG CCBGBJ KDFIF CCHJIF CBHJJC
ǒƣȢ CBJEG KKHH JGDK CBBHH JGEI CBFIG CBBHC CBGEG CBEGI
ȰǒƣȢ CCEGJC CBEJHE CBBHKJ JCKHB KCKFK CBBBEE JDFCE CBHEEK KHGDG
CK Ȱ ȡȣǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȡǓȪȡȢ CDEDKG KGHKK CDJCCK CFBCEE CIHCFK DHHBCE CIDJIH DEEGDF EHGHEI
DB ǓȢ¢ȯğȡǓȪȡȢ KHJFEKC CCFHHKKD CEHKDFKC CHJIJGHE CKKEBDDK DFEIKJIK CKHCJJBB DEBFEBEG DJDCGHDK
DC ǒȯ Ȣǒǐ DEJJD EGDEH ICGEF GECJE HFBKK CBII FEFCE CBHB CBFE
DD ȡ[ȡ ȡȣ
ȡ ȡȣ Ǔ¢ȯ\Ǖȡ
ȡ
JE
JE JB JE
JE DG JD
JD KB JG
JG CB JJ
JJ CF KB
KB DK KB
KB GG KF
KF BH KG
KG EH
İȪȯ ȡȡƶɇ @
\ǐǙç
ȡȡǓȡȢ ȡȯfȪ@
62
\Ǖ ǗȢG
ȢGCC
CCȡǔÏɇ
ȡǔÏɇ ¡ǾȪ ȡȪİȪ`Ȫ

ǽȪȡ
\ ȡ ȡÛ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Đ Ȳ Ȣ[
DBIB DBIC DBID DBIE DBIF DBIG H
H DBIE
DBIE IF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII
II
C Ǖ Ǔ¢ȯ CBCGGI
CBCGGI JB CCKHFI
CCKHFI KF CFGDIF
CFGDIF JJ CIGEFE
CIGEFE BH DBJBEJ
DBJBEJ GI DFGKDC
DFGKDC KB CKEDGC
CKEDGC BK DDDBBE
DDDBBE BK DHHBIJ
DHHBIJ JK
D ãȢ CBIEBKJ CDDGFFJ CGBFFDK CIGBJID CKCIBDE DFJBFGH CGJKKIJ DBDIEIC DFHIBCH
E EGJJBFH FGBIHKC GGKEGCB HKJHKCD IBEBDJC JCCHHIB HIJKKKG IJCDFIE JHCKGCD
F ǕƧȢ EFGHFCK EHGGFKI FCIEGGC GDEDEBI JIKJDCJ CBHJJHCG ICJJJFG KGFGJBD CDEHCKDF
G CKFKEEG DFHJJFF ECEIKJK EFBIBIJ DJGDDJI EBJFIKB EGIKGJH DGKJJJB DKCDFJJ
H ȡǔ[ JJJJE CBIECE CCJBBK CGICEI DBHBFJ DDCHGK CIHIBG DCGIJF DFHKFK
I ȯȡȡƶɇȡ ȡȣ DCJIH CKEEB EDHCG HGCHE HDFEH CCIIHK JIFJB CJBDHI DEHFJH
J \ÛȰȯǔȡǒ× DKGFE BFC BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB DDCKB
K Ǖ\Û ȡ¡ǽ CEDCBGK CEGGEFH CEJJGGG CHEDGEF DIJKGDG EDFJGIC DGDIFEH EHHJFHB FDBHJCG
CB Ǖ ȡȪĮȪ
ȡȪĮȪ `Ȫ
`Ȫ CCGDJD
CCGDJD GK CEEEKG
CEEEKG CC CGKFJH
CGKFJH GJ CKDEDB
CKDEDB BE DEHGGJ
DEHGGJ CJ DIKGJJ
DIKGJJ JD DCKFBB
DCKFBB DG DHBFKB
DHBFKB EH ECBGCC
ECBGCC KB
CC ȫÏȡɇ Ȱ ȯ Û DCFID

DCFID EE DHIBD
DHIBD FH EDIJG
EDIJG KB EDJDI
EDJDI DK EKGFG
EKGFG KF EHIIF
EHIIF HG EHGFE
EHGFE GF EDKHE
EDKHE DG EFCGK
EFCGK GH
CD ȫÏȡ DKDKDJ EEKFDD EKEJEF FIBHBH GGFIDB HEIFCF FFBFGE GDKIBK HBCHHJ
CE ȡƶɇȡ¡ȯȪȫÏȡ CBIEGGI CFEFJCF CIFKEKJ CEFICGK CKFFDGK CKCBJBH CHIBJGE CHCDIJD CEECDKF
CF Ǔȯ ȢǕġȡȫÏȡ JBBK HKKK CDGDC KDJC KKHI DGBBG CFJKJ ECBHC EHKBK
CG Ǔȯ ȡ¡ȯȪȫÏȡ IIDIEK JJKBCC CCDDJEH CFGGHJE CFFGHFJ CCBEJJK CGDJCGB CCDDIIE CFFHBJG
CH ȡ[ ȡ ȡȣ KEJCB

KEJCB DH CBHHKD
CBHHKD HG CDHIBB
CDHIBB HJ CGKFKD
CGKFKD IG CKIBCD
CKIBCD DE DFDJCF
DFDJCF CI CJDJGH
CJDJGH IC DDIGDI
DDIGDI CC DIHEGD
DIHEGD EF
CI ȡȡǓȡȢ CFIDEBD CEHEHIC CEHEHEC CIHKHEB DBEBHCJ DIGJHEG CGBGDEC DFJCIJI DKEDJCK
CJ ȡȣ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȡǓȡȢ CDCGIH CCBFEK CBHDIF JJJDF KIDJB CBHIKB JJDHK CCEDFC CBGBBD
CK Ȱ ȡȣǓƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȡǓȪȡȢ CBBBFB KCFBB CCBFJE CFEBFH CGJFII DCGDKI CHFCEH CJKCHG DKBHFJ
DB ǓȢ¢ȯğȡǓȡȢ IHHEDID KBHJGCK CCBCJCFI CEJKFGKD CIEGBIFK DCCKKHCI CHFJFHDD CKKHIFGJ DFEBGIDE
ǓȢ¢ȯğȡǓȡȢ BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB
DC Ǔȯ ȢǓȣ DEJEI EGDEH ICGEF GECJE HFBKK CBII FEFCE CBHB CBFE
DD ȡ ȡȣ
ȡ[ ȡ ȡȣ Ǔ¢ȯ
Ǔ¢ȯ\Ǖȡ
ȡ
II
II JI II
II JB II
II JB JB
JB JI JF
JF KF JI
JI GD JH
JH JE KC
KC EC KD
KD JF
İȪȯ ȡȡƶɇ @
\ǐǙç@
63
\Ǖ ǗȢG
ȢGC
ȡǔÏɇ
ȡǔÏɇ¡Ǿȡ\ Ǖ¡Ǖȡȱȧȡ[Ȫ¢ȯğǒ

ǽȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
¢ȯğ DBHK
DBHK IB DBIB
DBIB IC DBIC
DBIC ID DBID
DBID IE DBIE
DBIE IF DBIF
DBIF IG DBIG
DBIG IH
DBIE
DBIE IF DBIF
DBIF IG DBIG
DBIG IH DBIH
DBIH II
II
Ǚǒ ECGECE FBDIBC GBIBHD HCCDGC IGEFKK CCHFEGK HJCFHD CCBCIKD CGHDGIG
ȡȢ EFJIC EDGFI EBHFC DKIBI EFHIJ FFDBE DKCFE FCDFC HFGJI
`×ȡ¢ȯğ CIHHHCK DBIFDJD DEKIDDJ DIJEBFD ECGKFDD EJBGHEH ECEKIGJ EFEHJKH FFJFDJG
Ǔȡ[ ICICDJ JJIFBH CCGCIGI CFDEBEG CIJIIID DCDFJJC CIEEIFK CKIEGIK DFEBFCD
ȡǕ`×ȡȯǓ ȣǒƭǕȢ`ȡȡ CBBFFF CBKDKF CDFBDD CHEDIG DDHEEG DKJBDK DBDDCC DHBFKI EFGCBI
ȡȡȡ``×ȡȡȡ CDHHHD CGFJJH CFEIID DCGCKK DFDBGK DICKCI DGBFDG DHIJDK EDEEJB
Ȳ ȡ ȡ[Ǔ ȯȡ EBCGCH ECFCCC FCDJKG HEJDJG JIHCBD CCDDGIE IJHFHB KJIDGC CEDDCDD
ȪǒĐȯȡǕġȡǒĐȯȡ CHCGJJD DBGFCGB DGHDGDG EEBJJHJ EKIKFGD FJEKDIF EJBHDHK FGCBFKE GFEFIGH
ǒƣȢȡǔè àǔƣ HHBIKH IDJCEK JKDDBE CCFGCIK CFJGJKD CIKJFEC CEGEJII CHDCFBH CJJEJDB
ȯȡ`ƭȪ GHJGGB HJHDKG JJFEJB CBEKGEJ CEICIIG CIFHDJH CDCJHGI CGFJFFI DBCHHJB
`ȪÊȡ[ EEFJFD EKEHHF FEBEGI GBEDFG IBBDDG IBBGFG HBEJFJ HHJFKB HIIFJE
èȡȢ ȡ CCIHE CBKHD CHDCJ CGIHD CGBHK CFKKK CFJDE CGBIH CGBEI
\Û CBCHGCJ CCHCHFK CFIJEHJ DBFJHFB DIDHIBJ ECKDCIB DGBBHDE EDBIKHB EFFBJHE
àȡ IGIBKBG
IGIBK KBCBB
KBCBB JH CCBECF
CCBECF DK CEKDGB
CEKDGB DG CIEGJK
CIEGJK JI DCCDEE
DCCDEE BG CHEDCE
CHEDCE BG CKHFBK
CKHFBK GH DFBBCC
DFBBCC BH
İȪȯ ȡȡƶɇ @
\ǐǙç@
64
\Ǖ ǗȢG
ȢGCE
CEǒȡ ɇ
ǒȡ ɇ¡ǾȪ ȡȪİȪ`ȪȪǒ

ǽȪȡ
\ ȡ ȡÛ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Đ Ȳ Ȣ[
DBHK DBIB DBIC DBID DBIE DBIF DBIG DBIH DBIE
DBIE IF DBIF
DBIF IG DBIG
DBIG IH DBIH
DBIH II
II
C Ǖ Ǔ¢ȯ CDDCD
CDDCDJB CGGDD
CGGDDFK DBBED
DBBEDJK DEBID
DEBIDGE DHJJK
DHJJK GF DDCBD
DDCBDJC DHJHB
DHJHBGK DGHDC
DGHDCEG
D ãȢ EDGBK EBJEI FDDJE GGEKF IDEJE GGJJG GKBGF GFIFC
E HBIHIE JDKFGH CBJEGIG CDBHFBJ CFEFCKE KDIJJC CCJHHDB CBJHDFG
F ǕƧȢ EICIJF FGBDJE GGEKGC HDDCDI HJDDDC JJHIEB KFIGFD CCCBGCH
G DBIGEF DEKCEJ EDBFBG FCKKIB FKJBIF EEIGID FKBDJI EBIJJF
H ȡǔ[ CIIK DGEF EBIG EEGF DBJE DDCD DGGI DIFK
I ȯȡȡƶɇȡ ȡȣ BBB GIBB BBB BBB BGB CJCF JKGC JEBB
J \ÛȰȯǔȡǒ× EEDC BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB
K Ǖ\Û ȡ¡Ǿ EBBJHD ECKDKF EIHGDF FCGFKJ FIIDDI FKHIBB GHGEDK GKDKBJ
CB Ǖ ȡȪİȪ
ȡȪİȪ `Ȫ
`Ȫ CGDGF
CGDGFHD CJIID
CJIIDFE DEIKJ
DEIKJCF DIDDI
DIDDIGC ECHHD
ECHHDEC DIBJI
DIBJIKG EDHBE
EDHBEEK ECHEE
ECHEEFD
CC ȡɇ ȫÏȡ KJG

KJG BE CCJE
CCJE BF CFHF
CFHFCI CJHJ
CJHJ EE DCKD
DCKDDJ CKBI
CKBIJD DBJD
DBJDKD CKFH
CKFHEF
CD ȫÏȡ EHBJG FIJIC HCDGI HJKFC IJCKI HGCKD IDGKK IBEHD
CE ȯȡȡƶɇȡ¡ȯȪȫÏȡ GKKCB HIIED JDDCF CCFJEJ CEIEJK CDEHFI CEEDFG CDCKCG
CF ǒȯ ȢǕġȡȫÏȡ EIC GBK JJF JFG ICI KHB CDGE DBCE
CG ǒȯ ȡ¡ȯȪȫÏȡ DCEJ DCKE DBHC DDBK DKDH KJD CCKG EFE
CH ȡ[ ȡ ȡȣ CFDHK

CFDHKGK CIGJK
CIGJKEJ DDEEE
DDEEE KI DGEGK
DGEGKCJ DKFIB
DKFIBBB DGCJB
DGCJBCB EBGDBFI
EBGDB DKHJI
DKHJIBJ
CI ȡȡǓȪȡȢ FGBID DKBKH DIFFE EBJIJ GGHCC HJCFJ GHJBG IKIFF
CJ ȡȣ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȡǓȪȡȢ DJCI DFDE DIEI CKGK CJJD CIBC DEDF CEIK
ǒƣȢ BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB
ȰǒƣȢ DJCI DFDE DIEI CKGK CJJD CIBC DEDF CEIK
CK Ȱ ȡȣǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȡǓȪȡȢ EFGIHE FCCHCB GBGCFG GFBFCI GFCHIE FCKKKK FIEEFG FBKIKK
DB ǓȢ¢ȯğȡǓȪȡȢ CBEEEBI CECGIHF CHKJBIC CKHDHHE DEFIJEE DBDJCHE DGCKGID DFIIIJH
DC ǒȯ Ȣǒǐ BBB BFG BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB
DD ȡ ȡȣ
ȡ[ ȡ ȡȣ Ǔ¢ȯ\Ǖȡ
ȡ
CCE
CCE CG CCC
CCCFF CCB
CCBCD CBJ
CBJ HB CBI
CBIGE CCB
CCBJF CCC
CCCGC CCD
CCDIH
İȪȯ ȡȡƶɇ @
\ǐǙç@
ȡȡǓȡȢ ȡȯfȪ@
65
\Ǖ ǗȢG
ȢGCF
CFǒƣàȢ¡ǽȪ ȡȪĮȪ`ȪȪǒ
ǒƣàȢ¡ǽȪ ȡȪĮȪ`ȪȪǒ

ǽȪȡ
\ ȡ ȡÛ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Đ Ȳ Ȣ[
DBHK DBIB DBIC DBID DBIE DBIF DBIG DBIH DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII
II
C Ǖ Ǔ¢ȯ IGEK
IGEKJK HJCH
HJCHGC IDBJ
IDBJBJ ICHE
ICHEHD HEBD
HEBDIK GCIH
GCIHJB GHIH
GHIHHJ GGHD
GGHDHG
D ãȢ FFJGD GFCBD GJDFK GFDHF FGFDF FEICJ GCKJF EFIGJ
E EFCGJK DJKEBE ECCJFI EEIGGB EDBFHK CJFFFH DEICKB CJKGFG
F ǕƧȢ EHBHHC EDJKHD EEKGDI ECGGBB DFKJGJ DGCKIK DHCDDF EBCFIG
G HFGJ KCED CCBHE JKBJ CFEIK EIFBD CICEG EBBJI
H ȡǔ[ FDK CGD CDE CEK CFJ CEG CEG EKK
I ȯȡȡƶɇȡ ȡȣ BBB BBB BBB BBB CJJK GCDE FFF CJDK
J \ÛȰȯǔȡǒ× BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB
K Ǖ\Û ȡ¡Ǿ DFKCGF DGKCJB DHJJGH DJKCBD ECHHED DHHKFI DKJIJD DIDIIK
CB Ǖ ȡȪİȪ
ȡȪİȪ`Ȫ
`Ȫ CBBEC
CBBECFE KFBJ
KFBJEC KJKH
KJKHHF CBBGF
CBBGFHF KFJJ
KFJJBB IJKI
IJKIFK JHHJ
JHHJKF JEBJ
JEBJID
CC ȡɇ ȫÏȡ GDJ

GDJJC FGI
FGIFE GGI
GGIEI HJE
HJEBH HGI
HGIDE GJK
GJKEJ FGJ
FGJIF FIB
FIBHE
CD ȫÏȡ CEGDC KIDJ CBHCK CBCFG CBDBJ CBKCE KFFK CCEHD
CE ȯȡȡƶɇȡ¡ȯ ȪȫÏȡ EJKGF EHBCB FGCCC GJCGG GGGCF FJBDF EHFDG EGIBB
CF ǒȯ ȢǕġȡȫÏȡ DDC BBE BBF BBF BBC BBC BBB BBC
CG ǒȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȪȫÏȡ CJF BBE BBE BBE BBB BBB BBB BBB
CH ȡ[ȡ ȡȣ KGBD
KGBDHD JKGB
JKGBJJ KEEK
KEEKDI KEIC
KEICGI JJEB
JJEBGE IEBJ
IEBJBI JDCB
JDCBCK IJEJ
IJEJBF
CI ȡȡǓȪȡȢ EGEIB DCCHE EBFHE EBFIB EJFGB FBCJB EJKBB EHJDI
CJ ȡȣ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȡǓȪȡȢ DHB FCJ HGE KKF CECK CGBF CJJB DDGE
ǒƣȢ BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB
ȰǒƣȢ DHB FCJ HGE KKF CECK CGBF CJJB DDGE
CK Ȱ ȡȣǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȡǓȪȡȢ DDJFIC CHJCGD DBDFBK CKFBCE DBICFH CEIJBH CHGHED CFHKEE
DB ǓȢ¢ȯğȡǓȪȡȢ HJHCHC IBGEGG IBBFBD ICCHJC HEHCEI GGCECI HCFHBI GKIIKC
DC ǒȯ Ȣǒǐ BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB BBB
DD ȡ[ȡ ȡȣ
ȡ ȡȣǓ¢ȯ\Ǖȡ
ȡ
CDC
CDCEF CDJ
CDJDC CDG
CDGEF CDH
CDHHB CEF
CEFBB CEE
CEEFC CEI
CEIIJ CEF
CEFDJ
İȪȯ ȡȡƶɇ @
\ǐǙç@
ȡȡǓȡȢ ȡȯfȪ@
66
ȢG
\Ǖ Ǘ Ȣ CG
GCG Ǖ
ǕǒƣǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȪ ȡȪİȪ`Ȫ

ǽȪȡ
\ ȡ ȡÛ Ǖ ȡÛ
ǒ
DBHK DBIB DBIC DBID DBIE DBIF DBIG DBIH DBIF DBIG DBIH
DBIH
ȡǒ×
ǗȱȢȪ DJCCB EJBCB GJBKI HDBEG JHIEI CDIHEH CHBHDB
Ǔ¢ȯ GCDJB IDDGB CCCKKK CHBGJB DFBKGE EFFBCD FBKIEH
b ȡȣ CHGIGB DBDCFB DJGJCE EJFKIB GDFECF HHKGEB IGHEBH
\Ûȡǒ× FIDFB EHHCB EJGEH GDHJC IDBBC CBCIDC CCIBHI
ȡȡȪÈ ȡǒ¡ ȡ GIJB JFKB CCFBB DHBFC EEBHE EICJK CIJCB
àǔƣ
àǔƣ ȡǒ×
ȡǒ× DKJC
DKJCGB EGIG
EGIGCB GBGJ
GBGJFG HJHE
HJHEBI KGIB
KGIBHI CDJBB
CDJBBJJ CFHCG
CFHCGEK
àǔƣ
àǔƣ GHFKB HEEBB KIKEJ HJDFI CCBIED CDIFCB CFGEDF
ȡȢ DCKCB EBJBB FIBE DFIJC DJFEG DIGEC EICFK
ȡ[ȡ ȡȣ CIIBBB DEEKDB EHFDHB GGEDIE IIDEDK CBHGCGD CDCIDDB
\Û àǔƣ FCGKB DJCIB EIFKD EKGFG FGFHD GKDKK HCEEI
ȡȡȪÈ ȡǒ¡ ȡ CCJB CEDB CFGD FHD CBK HKH GBK
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ@
\ǐçǙ@
67
\Ǖ ǗȢG
ȢGCH
CH ¡ȡȣ Ȳ
¡ȡȣ Ȳ èȡȪ]ȡǗǔèǓ

ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ Ȳ èȡ ÌÉȡ è ÌÉȡ ȯǕ

ȱ Ȣ ǐȡ bȡȢ Ĥ×¢Ȫȡȣ ÌÉȡ
DBHK
DBHKIB DIKCF FCBFBDG DJJD CFIBH CEIBJ GDBBB
DBIB
DBIBIC ECCII FGGGDJH HCCJ CIDGD CGFHE GFBBB
DBIC
DBICID EDHHE GCBBEIB HEBG DBDFD CJJBI GIJGF
DBID
DBIDIE EEGKK HBEBJGI ICEG DKGID DJKJD GHFIG
DBIE
DBIEIF EFGCD HEBGGJC IECI EBDCH DIEIC HBGCI
DBIF
DBIFIG IHBK ECCDD

İȪȬ ¡ȡȣǒȡ@
]Ǔ[[DBIȪȡǕ ȡÛ à@
68
ȢG
\Ǖ ǗȢ CI
GCI ĤȡǓȡ
ĤȡǓȡ

ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ
DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE F
FG G
G
C ǕȱȢǐȡ IBIII DKGBC CCJGBG JDHHJ CFFEGD CJKKJG GKEKBB
ȡȡȯ CIDJF CDKJG ECCCI CGIEG HKIIE JGKFD KGBBB
¡Ĥȯ GBFKE FGCH EKEJJ FDFEE DEBIK KFBFE FGHFBB
\ĒȡǓȡȯ
Ǔȯʶ EBBB CDBBB EGGBB CFGBB DKBBB
ȡǐfȡȲȪȡ ECGF EDIB ¦
àǗ ÍǕ\Ö CDGBB CBBBB DDGBB CBBBB FDGBB
ǕȱȢǐȡȡ[
D Ȳ Ǒ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȪ
Ȳ Éȡ
İȪȬȯȡǓȪğȪ[@
]ȡ[DBGBǒÛǕCBB
69
\Ǖ ǗȢG
ȢGCJ
CJȪİȪȡ
ȪİȪȡ

ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ
DBHH
DBHH HI DBHI
DBHI HJ DBHJ
DBHJ HK DBHK
DBHK IB DBIB
DBIB IC DBIC
DBIC ID DBID
DBID IE F
F G
G H
ǓȪğȡȪȡ CCJGCC HHHGE CBDIDJ DDBFJJ IIDKJG CCBBHI CEBEDC
ȡȪȡfȪǓȪğȪ
DHDECEG DHDFBEK FCJIJKB JCGICIB DCFCFEGH EJIFHGJ
Ȳ Éȡ
¡ȡȡ
ȡȪȡ Ȳ Éȡ DCEIEEBB EBDEHFBB DKEFJKBB DKDEHHBB GHHEJKBB CFDDIKC CGIIJBG
ȡǕ
ȱ Ȣ EIHJICE EDEFJFE EHJDHDC GCFFKDC CBGICHBB CGHIFKK
ȡǕ
ȱ Ȣȡ
ECF DBH DIK CGK IEC GIB FBF IFB
ȡȪȡȪĤǓ
Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡ
EDCG CKFJ DEFC EBDF FBBB
ȡǕ
ȱ ȢȪĤǓ
ǗȢǙǓȪğȪ ǕƠȡ
IKEGHB CBBDEJB CCBHCBB CDHFJKB CFIGEKK FCDJJC
Ǘã
ǗȢǙ Ȳ Ǒ
CIHBB DBKBB DCHBB DEBBB DEEBB DCG DCD
Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȪ Ȳ Éȡ
ǓȪğȡȪȡȪĤȡ
CKJBB DDDBB DEBBB DEBBB DHKBB DII DHB
Script Traded
ȯÜ ȯǐ Ǘ
ǒÛǕȡ FIIIE EHDJG EJKIF GCJEE CBEHCC CDGKBD CEIICJ
İȪȬȯȡǓȪğȪ[@
]ȡ[DBGBǒÛǕCBB\ǕȡǓ
70
ȢH
\Ǖ ǗȢ C
HC Ȱ
Ȱ ȯǔåȡȡȪǔèǓ

ǽȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ DBHF
DBHFHG DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIE IF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH

DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
Ǔȡ[f
f j Ȣ
Ȣ GKDH
GKDH I HIHK
HIHK J HBJD
HBJD F HFEE
HFEE K IFDH
IFDH C IHKC
IHKC I KCKK
KCKK C JGEC
JGEC K IBCC
IBCC I IEBF
IEBF K JCEH
JCEH B KICC
KICC B HCDD
HCDD F IFKB
IFKB J
ȡ EJGGH FCBBH EKKKF FEEHB FKHCH GCBBB GKHCF GGJHG EKFKF FCFFK FHIDB HDIED EJGIF GDDIJ
Ȣ DBJH DJFC DDEB CHJD CIBC DFEJ DCCB CEGC CBJK
\ÛǕǕ¡ǽ DBICC DHHKD DBJEB DBKIJ DFHFG DEJED DKGEI DIDDG DJKFD DKJKJ EDDBD EDDHJ DCEBB DCGFB
]ȡ Ȣ
]ȡ Ȣ ]^
]^ f
f DDCKE
DDCKE J DJFFI
DJFFI B EIFEE
EIFEE G EKHCI
EKHCI H FHCHH
FHCHH J GGHIF
GGHIF B ICFEH
ICFEH H IIFHJ
IIFHJ F IIEGK
IIEGK K KKBCC
KKBCC E CDFGCB
CDFGCB E CFCJGE
CFCJGE G KFKCB
KFKCB I KDFDF
KDFDF E
ȡ CFDEII CHDFEJ DCICCF DHCKDG DKKEKB EHIBEC FIIKFI FKCHGH FIIDCE HEEHIB JCFCBD KCIKBK HCDGKH GHHHIF
Ȣ HDFGC IEECK CBBCHH CCGHKF CDIDFG CGKKJI DBGGDI CEKBEJ CFHHGD
\ÛǕǕ¡ǽ IKGHC CDDBED CGIDDC CEFDGB CHDDIJ CDIDGJ CHECBB CJDJHD CJBHKD DDKCKK DICBCF DKGBKK CKIFIE DCBKCH
åȡȡ ÛǕ CHDHI
CHDHI C DCHII
DCHII D ECEGC
ECEGC C EECJE
EECJE I EJIFB
EJIFB I FIKJD
FIKJD E HDDEI
HDDEI G HJKEH
HJKEH G IBEFJ
IBEFJ D KCIBH
KCIBH F CCHEIF
CCHEIF E CEDCFD
CEDCFD H JJIJJ
JJIJJ D JFKEE
JFKEE G
ȡ CBEJDC CDCFED CIICDC DCJGHG DFKIIE ECHBEC FCJEEE FEGIKC FEIICK GKDDDB IHIEJD JGGCIJ GIFBDD GCFEKH
Ȣ HBEHH IBFIJ KIKEI CCFBCE CDGGFF CGIGFK DBEFCJ CEIHJI CFGGHE
\ÛǕǕ¡ǽ GJJGB KGEFB CEHEKC CCEDID CEIHEE CBEFDH CEEGHE CGGHEI CGCIGB CKKEBB DEJJCD DHDJEC CIHCIF CJKEIH
Ǖåȡȡ DJCDB
DJCDB F EGDCH
EGDCH I FEGCG
FEGCG K FHBGC
FHBGC F GEGKD
GEGKD K HEEHG
HEEHG J JBHEG
JBHEG I JHBBB
JHBBB E JFEIC
JFEIC H CBHECH
CBHECH D CEDHFH
CEDHFH E CGCGHF
CGCGHF G CBCBEE
CBCBEE C KKKCG
KKKCG C
ȡ CJBKED DBEFFF DGICBJ EBGDJH EFKBBH FCJBEC GEIGHC GFIGDC GCHIBH HIGCCK JHBJDC KJBHFC HGCCIB HCJKGE
Ȣ HFGEI IHCGK CBDEKH CCIEIH CDJKFI CHDFDG DBIHEI CFBEJJ CFIIFC
\ÛǕǕ¡ǽ CBBDID CFJIDF CIJBGC CGGDDJ CJHKDE CGCBJK CKDHEI DCBBJI DBKHEF DGKBKI EBEDCI EDIEHH DCJIIE DEDFGI
ĤǓ
Ǖåȡȡȡ\Ȳ ĤǓ CBB
CBB B CBB
CBB B CBB
CBB B CBB
CBB B CBB
CBB B CBB
CBB B CBB
CBB B CBB
CBB B CBB
CBB B CBB
CBB B CBB
CBB B CBB
CBB B CBB B
CBB CBB
CBB B
ȡ HFE GIJ GKC HHE HGC HHB HHI HEI HCD HEG HFK HFI HFG HCK
Ȣ CBD KF CCK CEK CDC CDD CEI CEK CFJ
\ÛǕǕ¡ǽ EGI FDD FBK EEI EFK DEJ DEK DFF DFJ DFF DDK DCH DCI DEE
\ǐçǙ ]Ǔ[[DBHKIBÛȡ\ǔȪȢȪØȡǋ\ÛǕǕȡ ȡȯfȪ@
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ @
71
\Ǖ ǗȢH
ȢHD
DèǕ
èǕåȡȡ
åȡȡ
f
f ]^
]^ȣ
ȣ Ȣ
Ȣ Ǘ
Ǘ¡

ǽȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
f
f ]^
]^ȣ
ȣ Ȣ
Ȣ Ǘ
Ǘ¡ DBHF
DBHF HG DBHG
DBHG HH DBHH
DBHH HI DBHI
DBHI HJ DBHJ
DBHJ HK DBHK
DBHK IB DBIB
DBIB IC DBIC
DBIC ID DBID
DBID IE DBIE
DBIE IF DBIF
DBIF IG DBIG
DBIG IH

DBIG
DBIG IH DBI
DBI I
Ǔȡ[ GKDH
GKDH I HIHK
HIHK J HBJD
HBJD F HFEE
HFEE K IFDH
IFDH C IHKC
IHKC I KCKK
KCKK C JGEC
JGEC K IBCC
IBCC I IEBF
IEBF K JCEH
JCEH B KICC
KICC B HCDD
HCDD F IFKB
IFKB J
ȡƭèǕȡȢÛǕ CECHG CKCFG CECGG CFGED CGKEB CJBJK DCHHI DBDBK CHFDC CJEBH DBGKB CKKGB CDHIB CDEJC
ǕǓ[ȡȯȡ[ DF EGF CJ BD CBD DCF CKKC DEFI FIJ DGB DFJ DGF CIB CFK
\ĤȪǓȡ[\ȡƭèǕ¡ǽ CEGC CKIE DFIB CKDE DGJI EDIK FKKD EDIF DDCJ DKKE ECGJ FGCI ECIB DFKD
Ǔ^ÛǔãȪȡ[¡ǽ BB FD BB BB BB BJ BH BB BC BB CF BC BC BB
ȢÛǕȡèǓȪȯȡȪ Ȫ DBHD EHE DHI FBK EED CGH DFE CCC CBI CGK FBH CDKFK GJBD DDKFJ
ȡȡkǓ DJDF EBJI CHII DHJB DIEI EJGD FHKC FJIE FHCJ FFDC FGDJ FEGH DJCC EBKF
Ǔ[ǙȡȣèǕ¡ǽ DKHFE DJDFD EEEKG EEFKI EKBBK EKJGJ FEIIE FCBIJ EDHHH EFFGE EIDBF FBFIB DHICG DFFCJ
ȡȡȡȡȡǔÛğ` KCE HDG IDG EJB DIJ GCK HJC EJH FBB DBG CFGD JDF FCE JHC
ǒǒȡȣèǕ¡ǽ KDJD CEJHB KCCI CBKCC CEDJF CBKEJ CEKFE CEBFC CEDBG CDDHC CEGKC CEIJE KFIE JGHG
ȸǙfȡèǕ¡ǽ BE BH BB BH BE BE BF BB BE BB CHK BH BB BB
]ȡ DDCKE
DDCKE J DJFFI
DJFFI B EIFEE
EIFEE G EKHCI
EKHCI H FHCHH
FHCHH J GGHIF
GGHIF B ICFEH
ICFEH H IIFHJ
IIFHJ F IIEGK
IIEGK K KKBCC
KKBCC E CDFGCB
CDFGCB E CFCJGE
CFCJGE G KFKCB
KFKCB I KDFDF
KDFDF E
ȡƭèǕȡȢÛǕ CGJEJ DBFIC DEIHH DKDHE FBIJE HCCCK JKHGF KKHDB CBKIGH CEBHDE CGCCCD CHCGJH CCBFCE CCDDFG
ǕǓ[ȡȯȡ[ CDEJ CFCE DJGG DCHI EBJD FFFK FJEB GBFC HFCE JBCC JDJG JIFC GGEB FHHJ
\ĤȪǓȡ[\ȡƭèǕ¡ǽ JEHG CDGFE CKJJK CKFJB CIIIE DCEHG ECJCB EDEED EEEKD EHHGG FCKJF GBKIB EDJHC EEEID
Ǔ^ÛǔãȪȡ[¡ǽ FEKHK FGDKF GHIJC JCDEG CBDIIC CCKFIC CFIJDI CDHKGC JFBJJ CFCEIK CKIJEH DGEKHI CGKGKJ CFKJBG
ȢÛǕȡèǓȪȯȡȪ Ȫ KEKK KBBF KEDC CFIEF CIKCJ CIGGD DDEEI DDGBF DCCGE EBCGH DJHCD EHBJH DDCDC EEGDJ
ȡȡkǓ DHJHE ECGJB EKHIB FGDID FKBCI HFDFE JFCJC KCGGG CBEKHD CBDJGH CDGGII CFDEJF KIIKI CBDFKC
Ǔ[ǙȡȣèǕ¡ǽ GIFFJ IHBIB CCHCEB KCEEJ CCFIJD CBKGHH CFBBEJ CIGIHD CHECED DCBJKK DIKJKD ECCCBF DCCHJG CJJHJK
ȡȡȡȡȡǔÛğ` FJBBH HJBCB JFGCI JGEED JDFCF CBBDBE CDFKBC CIDEIJ CJKIHF DFIBBI ECFBBE EDFEDK DDBFID DDBCJK
ǒǒȡȣèǕ¡ǽ CBIDH CKKII DCEHI DIDEG EDKID EDHGK FEKKF FDCGC FGJHF GGBKG HEEDD KFIEC HGCKG HHGBE
ȸǙfȡèǕ¡ǽ JF CBJ FC CDB CGG DHCCF DFIKF HEKB CHBIF DIFED EFFJB EFHEJ DEFEF CDIGE
\ǐçǙ
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ@
72
\Ǖ ǗȢH
ȢHE
EȡǓȡ[

ǽȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Đ ǒ DBHF
DBHFHG DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHI HJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH

DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
C ȡ BB BB BD BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB
D Ȱ BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB
E Ȫȣ èǗɌ EG DD CC DH BH BE CI FI HF DJ ED EB DB DH
F ȢǕȣ CFK DBI DEK CID KB ECE DFG GBB EIE HBF IDK IDE GEK GKD
G ËǗ CBD CBH CDI EDD EIC CEH CGH CGG CEJ CFG CCK JE JD BD
H ǕȪ GF HJ KC BE BD CD BF BB BK BJ BD BC BB BB
I ȡ ECG EJD DJ BK DBE BC BF CDI DIK BB BB BB BB BB
J Ȣǒȡ GD DF EI HH DFK FCB DEF DBG CBG CDI HK CB BJ BK
K Ȱȡ BF JD FC CB BB BB CB BB BB CB CB CB CB CB
CB \Ǖȡ GFE EEG EGF EBD EJI CECD FHK FHC GDD DED IBC FKI EHB EBK
CC Ȣȡ FBG GEE FKJ GCB HFE HEJ IBH HCE CBBC CFHB CFJC CHBJ CCCD CBFD
CD GFF CDCI CHJD CCCF CBBE BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB
CE ȡȪǕ ȪȪȯ CKI CFE CCD II CKC CEF CKG ID HE DF CD BB BB BB
CF ÍȡǕ EC CFH HG BB BB FF FF BD CD FB BB BC BB BB
CG ǕǒǍ CC GI HDC BB BB BB CB BB BB CB CB CB CB CB
CH Ǖȡ ȡȡ DGJE CDJE DJKI EKKJ FBHG FCBJ FEBD FDIE FDFH FFHB FHFF GJCC EGGE EHJI
ʣȢ GDK DBI EHF JKF CBKG BB BH CC JH CEJ DDB ECJ DBC DDB
Ȫȡ CDDB FGK DBCI CJHH DCBD EHIE EGIK EIFH EIJI EHCE FFCK GFKE EEGD EFHI
Ȫȣ JEF HCI GCH CDEJ JHJ FEG ICJ GCH EIE IBK BF BB BB BB
73
\Ǖ ǗȢH
ȢHE
EȡǓȡ[

ǽȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Đ ǒ DBHF
DBHFHG DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHI HJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH

DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
CI \Ɇ Ȣ CBEG CDCH CECH CKCG EDIH EJGB FDHI EJFB FHEE EKBH FJFH FDJF DDDE EDCJ
CJ ȡ`ȡ` GDE JBE GIH GCJ FGJ EGI GDD HDC FGH HGH GEI IKD FID GDB
CK ȡ^èǕȪȡȡ CII EGC CFF HF JE DI DHI HCI EJE GGG FHJ FKE EHI CFJ
DB Ǖ ȯƴ FIH JCE HIE KIE CBKK KEH CCEE KJG CBCE HFK IHE JCH GBH GHI
DC ȪǓƴȡȪ DHCJ DGBB EEKJ DHFC EHGI FIFD GCGE GBCJ EDGE DJCI EHHG HCHB EKFC EHFD
DD ÍĤȡ¡ȡȪȡ CED CHE CEK GIH JFJ HIC JKG KBI IEC HJC IFE IEF GGI IEH
DE ȡǕ FDF GKC FBF EID DFF HD DH DD CB BD BC BC BC BB
DF èǓËǗ DCED BK BG CK BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB
DG ǔæȡ FF HH HC FI FD GG HJ GB ID ID JB CCE KC JH
DH ȡȪ FCEG DGDG DIID EEGC DHDJ CBG CJB CJB GB EF HEH IGG EKC IEB
DI ȡ HCI GID HFF EBE CDCE CCJF CFDI CDHC JKD IKF KGB KIC HHE FFC
DJ ff ȡ^ KJB GIC HKG KFE IKJ BB DCE CIF GD FI BJ BB BB BD
DK Üȡǒƴȡ ȡȡ EBE GCE CJD HCB IDC KJH EGJ EFF DCD CIB DD BE BD BE
EB [ȡȡ FFCI DJDD CIKG EJKG EEFE FKFJ HCII FEJJ CKEH DBEB DIJB DKGC DFJC KHF
EC Ȣ]_ȡ^ DFE CBKJ GHJ JBI CGKE EGHE EBEC DKKF KEK CBDH DFH DCB CGI GH
ED ȡ DCCG ECKF EEHD EIEF GCEB GHCJ GIIK GCDK EFEK EDFC EDBF EFDB DDKD DCKG
EE Ǖ CJEH CKGD CIGB DEHE EBDI EJBD FFED FIIE EDFJ GBGJ FIEJ FGGB DJJH DGCH
EF ȡ DIH DKB CGD CFJ BK BB BB CHH HI CBC IF FH EE BB
àȡ
àȡ DIGB
DIGBF DFHG
DFHGG DGFE
DGFEI DKJJ
DKJJH EGEI
EGEIK EJBC
EJBCH FBDJ
FBDJH EIKD
EIKDF DJCK
DJCKI DJKJ
DJKJG EHDC
EHDCF FBJK
FBJKE DHEC
DHECB DGCK
DGCKH
EG \Û CCBGC CHEGC CFGGI CEFIG CFDEI CDKIE CKEDJ CIKFC CCDKI CDFHF CBGBH DCJEK CDDHE DIBJD
àȡ
àȡ

EJGG
EJGGH FCBB
FCBBH EKKK
EKKKF FEEH
FEEHB FKHC
FKHCH GBKK
GBKKB GKHC
GKHCF GGJH
GGJHG EKFK
EKFKF FCFF
FCFFK FHID
FHIDB HDIE
HDIED EJGI
EJGIF GDDI
GDDIJ
\ǐçǙ
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ@
74
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ
Ȣ
Ȣ[ Ǔȡ[fȡȯ¡ȣĤǕèǕ¡ǽ

ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Đ Ȳ ǒ

DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
\ƣȢ
fǕǓȡȡĭȡ ȡȡȱȡǕȡ
¡èȡȡ ȡȡ
ȡǕȡȡ
ȢǕȣ
ȡǓ Ȫȡ
ȡƭȡȡ[
ȯȡȣȡȡȡȡ`×ȡ
ȡ`ȡ`
\Û¡èȡȡ ȡȡ¡ǽ
ǔæȡ
ȡȣȪȡ
ȡȣȡȡȡ ȡȡ¡
ǽġȡ¢
ȡȱȣȡ ȡȡȡ¡ȡ¡ǽ
ĤȪǓȡȡ
ǔȡ
ȡȣ
¡ǕȱȪǒȪ
9WmFauIk
4Æ^
Dn aKÌ]k
\ǐçǙ
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ@
75
Ȣ
\Ǖ Ǘ Ȣ
ȡȢȡ¡ȯ
ȡȢȡ¡ȯ ȡ\ÛǕ
Ǖ [Ǔȡ[fȡȯ¡ȣĤǕèǕ¡ǽ

ǽȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ DBHF
DBHFHG DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH

DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
C ȡ CFGJ HDFI EKGD EEGJ DFKI DHIC DBFF CCED JJE KIB JKH CDIF JKK JHC
D \ɇ Ȣ HG HF BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB
E ȢǕȣ KJ FCD DEK CDH CKJ BK CKI HC DDB CFJ DKH GKE FCC FKK
F BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB
G aȢȡȡ BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BB
H ȡȡȯȡ ȡȡ EFI EHC GGE EKK GJI DFE DJK DCJ EDF EJB ECE DJD CHE DHE
I ȡȡ DFK GJ EBI FEF IDF FKC IGD HFI FDF EJE FFB DFF CHC JG
J aȢȡȶ GBFJ GIEH FBIK FJHB HKEJ GKJJ IDJB HIHB IJFJ ICGH HJHD ICHF FIBK FIKD
K ȡȣȪȡ FIGH FKBG EJKC EBHE FBBH EBIJ FDDE EKHB FFJD FBBH FEHJ EKCC DHEK DDHG
CB ¡èȡȡ ȡȡ CKF CBIJ CBJE FGJ GCB JC CCB JG KI CGE JK CFH IJ CCB
CC ¡ȡ DHK DHD CDI KC CCB IG DIB CBE DCG DGF EGB GCB EBB EGB
CD ǔæȡ HFE CGDI CDHJ DDIE EDEB CHDG DIDF DCCJ DHEH DEGF DCDF CIGF CEKI CDKC
àȡ CECD
CECDJ DBHG
DBHGB CGFK
CGFKJ CGBH
CGBHC CJJB
CJJBB CFDH
CFDHD CIJK
CIJKB CGBJ
CGBJC CICD
CICDK CGJB
CGJBF CGIE
CGIEJ CGJJ
CGJJB CBIG
CBIGH CBGC
CBGCH
\Û IGJE HBFD GEED GKCI GJFG KGIB CCHFI CDCFE CCJCE CFBKF CHFHF CHEJJ CBGFE CCBDG
Ǖàȡ DBIC
DBICC DHHK
DHHKD DBJE
DBJEB DBKI
DBKIJ DFHF
DFHFG DEJE
DEJED DKGE
DKGEI DIDD
DIDDG DJKF
DJKFD DKJK
DKJKJ EDDB
EDDBD EDDH
EDDHJ DCEB
DCEBB DCGF
DCGFB
\ǐç
\ǐçǙ
DBHK
DBHK IBȯ
DBHK IB ȯ ǔȢ[ȪǓȡ[ ȡȯfȪ
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ@
76
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ
ȡȡ]ȡfȡ
ȡȡ]ȡfȡȯ¡ȣĤǕèǕ¡ǽ

ǽȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Đ ǒ DBHF
DBHFHG DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHK IB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH

DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
C ^ȯÈĚȣ ȡȡ EGJI EKFE HBKB IDDF IBCB HGIF IHHH CBIDB CDDCF CEJHH CGKFI DCDEH CEDFJ CFJHC
D ȡȪ EBGH DGKI EBDE DJGG FCEE EJJJ KGKF IDCB HHGG HFCJ KEJD CCDKI IHIK HFEH
E Ǖȸ IED CBHD CJCI CJFI CKCI DBHJ DCEF DBEJ DIHH DJBG DHFC DEGH CEGH CJKD
F ȡȡȡȡ ȡȡ CCJIG CHCGK DEIII DBHJC CIBGC DHDKJ EDKJE FFCDH HDKFB IIJFF CBGKIF KIGDC ICEBI GHJIC
G kǓ GFEF HGGJ IKHE KJBJ CBEJE CEEEI CGDKH CIJFI CKCHF DCFJF DFBII DGGCJ CHHFB CJFGD
H ȡǓ ECH CEB DKGC EBIE FGBI JFJH JBEG GKGG CGKK CBJE CJHD KBB IEH HBC
I ȡ
ǕȢȡ\Û CHHF DFHD DFFC CKHH DFCC DKBB EJCB EJCI FCHI FDBF FJFF IJJC GDHK GFGI
J ȡȣ CFGI CDKC DBIK DBKI DGKB FGFK HKHK IKJK IIDH CBHFG CCBEK CFHBK CBFKC KBJF
K Ǔ ȯÛ DEEI FDDI FFCG FEIE EEBB KFDG KICJ CBCDG CCHJK DFBEE ECCIJ CDKIC CCBIJ DIDB
CB ȡ IDK CCEK CEKB DBIF DDIJ EHIJ FJCJ GCFB GGFD GJII HFCJ HHIE FCEB FJIF
CC ¡Ǔ[È ǕÊȡ[ FFG JHB IBK KKK KIK EHBB FJEE FHHB FHJH GKBF HICC HHIH FGBC FEDF
CD ȡǓȡ[ DIDB DIJG ECEE ECDF FBIE DGGK EBDE EBKG EEEK EKFE HCCE IBHG FHEB FHKB
CE ǙǒÛğȡȡ[ Q CFJF DFKC EEIE ECHD FCFH IEJB JGJD KFBI KFKF CGDBD FGGE GFGI EFEK EDKH
CF ff ȡ DGKG DFJI HCBJ GBBF HIHC FBKB HFJB GEKD IJJK KDGK CFDJH CICIK CCHEF JCIF
CG ff ǒȯ JCFG HFGI CEIDC CJEEI CKFEI DDEBF DFHIG DHEEH DDHGI FHGBK GIKFE HHJKF FIBFK EDDFH
CH èȣȡȡ BB BB BB BB BK DB FG GE ECI DFI CDGC CFKB JGF CFBK
CI fãǕǓ^Ȫ HGG GDB CBJI CCJD CDKB CHCH CKHB ECKJ ECIF EHHH FKJI GEGC EFJC EBCD
CJ ¡Ȫǔ
Èȡ_ȡ EGIH DJDF FCCC GFGK GGFE GHJK CCHJD CEDGK CEFDC CHCKC DFFDI DEEGF CEKBK CJFHE
CK ȪãȪǔ
Èȡ_ȡ FBBH IBEK HJBE JDEH IFHJ DHKD HGDG ICGE HKHG GBDI CBDHF KJFJ HGEI FJEJ
DB \Ûȯǔȣȡȡ[ Q FHJD IDHF JFCI KIKE JEFD CDBCF CGKHI CJJKE CKEDE DHGDI EKDII FJFDF ECGJG EDGGH
DC ȯĚȪǓȡ[ FBJCH FCEGI GCHCB IGBJC KDDGH CBICEK CECIEH CCBBGJ HGHBJ CCJKDB CIBCEF DCEEGH CEGGDD CDHEBC
DD \Û FDBHG FJIJJ HDBKK IGGGC KEGBK CCHIDI CHCFCG CIGCJH CJGJIK DCFBCF DHBIKG ECCJGD DBIGCK DBHCCJ
àȡ CFDEI
CFDEI I CHDFE
CHDFE J DCICC
DCICC F DHCKD
DHCKD G DKKEK
DKKEK B EHIBE
EHIBE C FIIKF
FIIKF I FKCHG
FKCHG H FIIDC
FIIDC E HEEHI
HEEHI B JCFCB
JCFCB D KCIKB
KCIKB K HCDGK
HCDGK H GHHHI
GHHHI F
\ǐçǙ
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ @
77
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ
Ȣȡ]ȡfȡ
Ȣȡ]ȡfȡȯ¡ȣĤǕèǕ¡ǽ

ǽȪȡ
]Ǔ[[ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Đ Ȳ ǒ

DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
]ǕǓèĐȡÝȯȪ^ȡ [
ȡ ȡǓȡ[
ȡ ȡǓ
ǒƭǕƣȢ`
ȯǓȡ ȡȡȡȡ[
Ǖ ȡ[
kǓ
ȡǕȡȡȡ ȡȡ
\ǒ ȡ ȡȡȡèȯ ȣ
\ÛȯǔȣȡȡÒ [
ȡ^ȡȡ^ǒǒȲ
Üȡ_`ȡȡǒ[Ȫ[
Üȡǒƴȡȡȱȡȱ Ǖ ȡ
Íȡȯ
Íȡa
ȡȣȪȡ
ȡ`ȡ`ȡȡǓȡ`
ǕƣȡȡÜ
èȡâ[ȡ[
ȪȡÜȡȯ
ǔèȡǓ
èȪȯ åȡĚȣ
Ǖ ʶȡȡ`
ȪǓƴȡȪ
ȯȫȡ
ȡȡȡȡ ȡȡȡǕȡ[
ȡʫǕȡÝȯ
ǓȢȪȯ ǓǓȡȡ[
\Û
Ǖàȡ
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ@ \ǐçǙ
78
Ȣ
\Ǖ Ǘ Ȣ ȡȢȡ¡ȯ Ǖ ȡ]ȡfȡȯ¡ȣĤǕèǕ¡ǽ
ȡȢȡ¡ȯ ȡ\ÛǕ

ǽȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
Đ Ȳ ǒ DBHF
DBHFHG DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH
DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
C Ǖ EIGC CHGIG FCHEH CCEGJ DGIIB DHCCF DFIKF HEKB CHBIF DIFED EDDBF EFHEF DEFED CDIGC
D ȡȲȣ FFI CCIG EDGC EIDH FEIC JIJE CDICC DFHKK IDFE KJIE CEEGF CEEBG JHIB JHKF
E ȯĚȪǓȡ[ GDE KGH CHKF CHHB CHJD DDGE CJDJ DBEG ECCH DFKF DCBK DFBF CHGJ CGDF
F \Ûȯǔȣȡȡ[ Q EKBD GKID IHGH HFBK ICKJ EICK GIDK GKGH HHIB HFIF CBKFF CCBIE HIFD GKFH
G ^ȯÈĚȣ ȡ EKFG JDFD HJEJ HGBH IECD CDFI CGGH CKCE CIIC CHHE DCBC DCKE CEGF CDFC
H ȡȪ CEKH DCIE DIEG CKFE CJJI CFKG DHBK DHFC DKFC DCFH EFIE FJGG DJBC DJHI
I Íȡa CEKG EGH JIE KCE HGI HCB CBBF KFC KBK JEE IGE KBK GCC GKJ
J ȡȡȡȡ ȡȡ FEKD GGBD FDEH FDCG DJGK DJHK FKHI FIID GJII IHCJ CBIIK JGCJ FHCH GFKJ
K kǓ CDHE ECCI EEGJ DCEG CKIH DCJG DJCD GECE KBEB EFBH FIKF HDHB GFBG DJKD
CB ȡ ȡǓ DB JB IBF DEHJ DDKC DFKE CEJE KGI CHJI EEBB FHDG HKEB HCEC JEEK
CC ȡ CBFB CBDB CFDI CIJK CIGJ CEEJ CIDH CJII CJGG DIEB DDJG DGFD CKEJ CIFJ
CD àÜǗ ȡ[ Q DDIB EIIB GEFC HCIJ HCGB CDKC CEFF CEHB CEFH DGEH CJGF DDJC CEIB DKGG
CE ¡ȡ_¡ȡȡȡ[ Q CBGB DBDB DDCJ DFID CFBH DBHE DCIK CHKJF IHIK CIDII DDEGI DECCB CKBJC DBJDK
CF Ǖ Ȳ ȡȡ ȡȡ FKIK FBHF JGDD KFKE JFGK DGBB EEJF EJGH GFJJ HKBD HBGI EDEH DFED DBEE
CG ȡ
ǕȢȡ\Û CKHI DKDI CKCC DHBK CDIG HEJ KBD JHK ICB IBJ IFE IDG FKF FCI
CH ȪǓǓĒȡÛǕ\ã Q EICK EHCI GIJJ FIBC GIJI FGBD IIKC HGJB KCDD JKBG CEJKH CDCHJ KCCG IJFF
CI Íȡȡȯ GIFI DKFK DBDH HBKI FDCC EEKC FCEF GCBF ECCK GIIE FHJK CCJDI HCDH CFDKC
CJ Íȡȡ Ȫȯ CHBB EHGK FEEJ HGBJ KKHD CBHDJ CFIIJ CDJFF CDIDB CEGDK CGBGF CEFGC JJEH CCEIH
CK ȡȡȪȡȡèĐȡȱÜ CKFC CJCF CIIH CECE CJIG CCHJ DKKE DGEC CICJ CIGH DEBG FEJC ECGK EIDK
DB Íȡȯ BH FC ED BB BB CD BI CI BD BB BC BB BB BB
DC \Û EFDCC GDBBF GBJHE GCJGJ HGEKC FIKHB HFFHJ IGDDC JCHCH CBEJFC CCHHEI CEBDKH JEHBD KGEFH
àȡ IKGH
IKGH C CDDBE
CDDBE D CGIDD
CGIDD C CEFDG
CEFDG B CHDDI
CHDDI J CDIDG
CDIDG J CHECB
CHECB B CJDJH
CJDJH D CJBHK
CJBHK D DDKCK
DDKCK K DICBC
DICBC F DKGBK
DKGBK K CKIFI
CKIFI E DCBKC
DCBKC H
\ǐçǙDBHKIBȯ ǔȢȡȪ]ȡ ȡȯfȪ
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ @
79
\Ǖ ǗȢH
ȢH
ǐ×[
ǐ×[ǒȯ ȢǒǓȪ]å
ȢǒǓȪ]å

ǽȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ DBHF
DBHF HG DBHG
DBHG HH DBHH
DBHH HI DBHI
DBHI HJ DBHJ
DBHJ HK DBHK
DBHK IB DBIB
DBIB IC DBIC
DBIC ID DBID
DBID IE DBIE
DBIE IF DBIF
DBIF IG DBI
DBI I

DBI
DBI I DBI
DBI I
] DEHKD
DEHKDI EDFEK
EDFEKD EFHEI
EFHEIC EJBEB
EJBEBC GEHKC
GEHKCB HDKHG
HDKHGH IIBIG
IIBIGC JIDCD
JIDCDF KDHJH
KDHJHF KEFKB
KEFKBK CBJBCBC
CBJBCB CCHFEC
CCHFECD IIHJJ
IIHJJE IJGGK
IJGGKC
C ȯȡ CHHIKE DEFFGG DFJJBC DGGKFE EHJFDD FEDIDC GFEDEG HDGJKJ HFFCHB HHGFGI IEHIBJ JFDBCF GHEGBJ GHGKGE
ȯ ǓȡÛ CEKFDD CKFDCH DCEKKK DDGKBK EEEEHI EKFEFK FKBEBE GFBBGE GKFGJJ HBDFKI HGFBBE IGBHKB GBFEHC GBCECC
[Ȫ[ DBEFB EFGKB DKEJH DGFBK ECJBC EFDBG FHCCG IIDKK FCCCG GCKII HGHHB IFDBD FJDIH GEBDD
ȰȯǔȡȢȡÞȡ IBED GHFK GFCH FHDG EDGF FCHI HJCJ JGFH JFGH CBKJD CIBFG CICDD CBJIC CCHDB
DèǕ¡ǽȪǓȡ[ DJHHE FBFKI FFEKH EKJGE GDKJE HFEDG IFJDD IEGFG GIHJF HCDBH HJHDD JBCJB GFJGK GBGIE
EǕȰǓǓȪ CBIDH CECJJ GEKC GFJC KEHK CJEKB DHEFJ EDFJC EKKIJ DHIDJ DBKHC DCCKK CIJBE JGHJ
FȰȯǔ ¡ȡȡ DEHFD DJCKJ EDKJF DKHHG FCBBI EGHHI FBGEE DFJGF IBJEK GGFDD KGIHG HHIGH EJGBC GKDFG
Gǒǒ ICBD JBGF CFIKK FKEGK HGCDJ IJGGE JGJCE CCGEFG CCFDBD CDHBKH CGJBFG CGFCHE CBDDCC CBCDGD
å DEEFB
DEEFBE DJHEBG
DJHEB EGCFD
EGCFDB CIFKC
CIFKCI CKEKK
CKEKKF DFCKH
DFCKHI DKGKG
DKGKGF ECGFC
ECGFCH EIGHG
EIGHGD FFBIB
FFBIBH HBKGG
HBKGGI IEKEI
IEKEIJ FKJHK
FKJHKK FFEGE
FFEGEE
C ȯȡ DGDJI EDEHJ FBKKD EIKED EDHGI FGDHD GKGCD HIGBJ JBFKH CBIEIK CFDHHC CGDGHD CBCKDH IFDJG
ȡȱȡÞȡ ǕƠȡȢ KCCI CCDFK CDBKJ CGFID CHECI CKEHK DBHJK DCDEE DEJEC EEJFI HBKEG GDJIE EGDGF CKJBB
\Û CHCIB DCCCK DJJKF DDFHB CHEFB DGJKE EJJDE FHDIG GHHHG IEGED JCIDH KKHJJ HHHID GFFJH
DèǕ¡ǽȪ]ȡ KEIDI CEDKEC CFCDGK CEDIGB CGHIGB CKBECD DDIDFG DFBHBD DJFDFG EDFKFI FGJFGB GICFBE EJGDJK EHFBGF
EǕȰǓǓȪ HBC KHG CJEF CHJJ CHGB JGF CGJK CJJJ DCCB CCDJ DFJE FIBF EJKC CGDH
Fǒǒ CCEIJI CDBBFC CHIEEH DGFH DKEI GGEK IHBJ GFCJ JJBC IDGD GKHE CBIBK IGKF EHHK
ȡȡȡ
ȡȡȡ
- EGD
EGDF EJBJ
EJBJI GBF
GBFK DBGEJ
DBGEJF EFDKCH
EFDKC EJIHJ
EJIHJK FIFIK
FIFIKI GGHIB
GGHIBJ GGCDC
GGCDCD FKFDB
FKFDBE FIBGF
FIBGFG FDFKE
FDFKEG DIJCJ
DIJCJF EFDBG
EFDBGI
\ǐçǙ
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ@
80
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ɇ
ɇ¡ǽ ȱ¡ȯ ȪǕȰȯǔ àǔƣ

ǽȪȡ
ȯȡȡƶɇ ȡǔÏɇ
ǒȯ Ȣ ǒȯ Ȣ Ǘàȡ

[ àȡ ]_ff èȯĜ^Ǎ \ǐ×[ \ǐ×[
Ǖ ǒǓ ǐ×[Ǖġȡ ǒǓ ǐ×[Ǖġȡ
C J

D E F G ȪãĚÛȯ ȡ^Ò Ǖġȡ Ǖġȡ

H I

C D E F G H I J K CB CC
DBHF\ ȡ CEBDCF BB BB GJJ CDKHDH CDEIGG GJIC EGGBB ECHJC EJCK CHGICF
DBHG\ ȡ CIBECF BB BB HEC CHKHJF CFDJFK DHJEG FDKFB EJJDI FCCE DCEDGF
DBHH\ ȡ DDIJGB ECBF BB GGG DDFCKB DBCIGH DDFEF HDEFG GJIGB EGKG DJIBKC
DBHI\ ȡ DCGBBH EECK BB HECG DBGEIC CHGKKE EKEIK HEGEH GJDDD GECF DIGDDD
DBHJ\ ȡ DDGBGD GDDH BB HIEC DCEBKG CHGDGJ FIJEJ GKBGJ GGGBE EGGG DIJJJF
DBHK\ ȡ EKDBFG KCGD BB IEHJ EIGGDG DJGHJD JKJFE HEKED GICFF HIJJ FGGKII
DBIB\ ȡ FIEIKC CFDBD BB HGKG FGDKKG EEKKFB CCEBGF JBEBE IFBJB HDDE GGFBKF
DBIC\ ȡ GKEIGE CGJJE BB GFHK GIDFBC FDHCEE CFHDHJ KEBBH JIEID GHEF HJHIGK
DBID\ ȡ IDHHJF CKGDI BB FBKH IBEBHC GCIFGI CJGHBF CDBKKG CCFJFE HCGD JFIHIK
DBIE\ ȡ KCIHEC DJDBH DEJF EB JJIBCC HIDFGJ DCFGGE CGDDBB CFFBBH JCKF CBHKJEC
DBIF\ ȡ KGGHGJ DGKDK DDKC CIC KDIDHH HJEJIB DFEEKH CGDCHH CFFFCJ IIFJ CCBIJDF
DBIG\ ȡ CBDBCBH DJBIK DFHH CHG KJKEKH IEIHED DGCIHF CCECJK CBDBBI CCCJD CCEEDKG
DBI\ ȡ KEIBGD ECJEI DFDC EGB KBDFFF HHIKBD DEFGFD CEHFIG CDGGCG CBKHB CBIEGDI
DBIȡǕ CBDHJII FBGCB DHBJ DBH KJEGGE IFBJBD DFDIGC CGDKHD CFDECJ CBHFF CCIKJEK
\ǐçǙ
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ@
81
ȢH
\Ǖ Ǘ Ȣ
H ȪȡÛǔèǓ
ȪȡÛǔèǓ

ǽȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ

ȡǕȡȡ
Ǔȡ[fjȢ
ȯ
\Û
]ȡfjȢ
ȯ
\Û
åȡȡ ÛǕ
Ǖ ȯȡ]
ȯȡ]
ȡğȡ
\Ûğȯ Ȫ ȡȣ]
\Û
ȯȡ ǕƠȡȢ
ȡȡȡ
ħ
\Ûğȯ Ȫ ȡȣå
\Û
åȡȡȡ ȯȡ¢ȯğȪ ÛǕ
Ǖ]
]ĤȡƯȢ
] ǕƠȡȢ
åȡȡ ȯȡȡ] ÛǕ
ǕĚȡÛ
ĚȡÛ ]
\Ǖȡ
ǓȢ¢ȯğȪǒĤȯ
ȯÛ
\Û
ĚȡÛ ǕƠȡȢ
82
ȢH
\Ǖ Ǘ Ȣ
H ȪȡÛǔèǓ
ȪȡÛǔèǓ

ǽȪȡ
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
ǒ

ǕȱȢȡȡ
Ȣȡȡ
ǕȱȢĚȡÛ
ȢĚȡÛ
àȡ

ǒƣȢȡȡ
ǒƣȢȡȡ
Ǘ¡ ȡ¡ȯ
Ĥ×¢ȰȯǔȡȢ]Ĥȡ¡
Ȫ[ȪǓȪȡȢ
\ÛȡȢ àǔƣ
åȡȡǐ ȡ
\Û
\ÛȡȢȡǒ×
åȡȡǐ ȡ
b
ȡ
bĤȡƯȢ
ȡȱȡ ǕƠȡȢ
\Û¢ȯğ
ȯ Û ȢȡǓȪǔ
ȡƶɇ
ȡǔÏɇ
\Ûȡǒ×
àȡ

ǒǒǕȱȢȡ
Ǖ Ǖ
àȡ

ǐ[ȡ àǔÛ

ǔ[
ǐ[ àǔƣ
ȯȡȡƶɇ
ȡǔÏɇ
]_ffȡ[`Ȫ

- Ǚǒƨ
ǕȰ ȯ ǔ àǔƣȡǐ[
ƨ
\ǐçǙ 30311.78 39670.48 41698.65 45037.47

Ȫ
ȪȡÛȯǕȡ`ȱ @
İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇ@
83
\Ǖ ǗȢI ȰȯǔȪȡȣȪȡǓĮèȢǙǓǓȯȡȡȪ ÌÉȡ
ȢIC
CȰ
]Ǔ[[ Ǖǽ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ
DBHHHI DJFBEJ DKFBKF

DBHIHJ EFFEBB EGFICH
DBHJHK EHCIBI EJFHHG
DBHKIB FDGJEB FGEGFE
DBIBIC FKJJFJ GDIJCF
DBICID FKBJGK GDCEJI
DBIDIE EKKFBH FCJICE
DBIEIF HBKEFC HFDJHB
DBIFIG GIIIDD HCBHJJ
DBIGIH FIHIBG GBJJDJ
DBIHII EBBDBC EDEHKK
àȡ FIHJKGI DIDBGB GBFCBBI
İȪȬĮȪȡȡ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡÛğȡ@
ȡǕ àȪ@
84
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢ ͗
ĮèȢǙǓǓ_ȰȯǔȪȡȣȡfȡȡȡȪǒ
]Ǔ[ [
ȯ
ȯ ǔ

à
à ]Ǔ[ [DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
]Ǔ[ [DBIG IH ]Ǔ[ [DBI
DBIII
II ]Ǔ[ [DBI
DBIII à
II à
ȯ
Ǖǽ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ Ǖǽ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ Ǖǽ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ Ǖǽ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ Ǖǽ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ
ȡ
ȯǔȡ
ȡ`ȣ\
Ǘ f_
Ǖȯ
¡ȡ_
jȡ
Ȫǐȡ
ȯȡ
_ȡ
\ȡǓèȡ
ȡȡ
\Û
àȡ
İȪȬĮ͕Ȫȡȡ ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡÛğȡ@ ȡǕ àȪ
85
\Ǖ ǗȢI
ȢIEǕ
ǕȡèȪȡȪȡfȪȡȢ\ Ǖȣǒ

ǽ¡ȡȡ
ȡǒ[ àȡ ¡ȡȣ ȡȢ

àȡ\ Ǖȣ ȡȢȡ¡ȯ Ȫ
]Ǔ[[ èȪȡ èȪȡ Ȳ èȡ¡ǽȪ
¡ȡȣ
ȡ
ȡ
Ȳ Éȡ ȡ ȡ
ȡ
Ȳ Éȡ ȡ Ȳ Éȡ ɇ ǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ ǕȡȢ
Ȳ Ȳ èȡ
DBIBIC àȪ

İȪȬǕȡèȪȡȪ@ ȡǕ àȪ@
ǕȡȪǒ¡ ȡǓȡǐfȪ ȡȯǐfȪ@
86
\Ǖ ǗȢJ
ȢJCĤǕ
ĤǕȡƭȡǏȡȣȡfȪ¢ȯğ
`×ȡ`×ȡ×
`×ȡ`×ȡ×
¢ȯğȬ¡ȡ¡ȯÈȡ
`×ȡȬ¡ȡȯȡ
`×ȡ×ȬȯĤǓ¡ȯÈȡ
]Ǔ[ [
ȡƭȡǏȡȣ¡ǽ
DBHF
DBHFHG DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBI
DBI IF DBIF
DBIFIG DBI
DBI I DBI
DBI I
¢ȯğ CGFKBB CGGHBB CFJCB CFKHB CGECB CFDBB CFJIB CFDGEG CEHDKC CGGDFI CFHKGF CFKCIF CFGJKD
ȡ `×ȡ FDKKBB FGDFBB FBDFB FFHBB GBIDB FGBFB GBFIB FIJJHC FDKKBJ GDEBEE GCGCKD GHCBBC GGGBJJ
`×ȡ× DII DKB DI DKJ EEC ECI EEK EEH ECG EFB EGB EIH EJB
¢ȯğ JIBBB JIGBB JIHB KBHB JICB JFKB KDJJ JJDFB JKCH KDFED KGFCJ KGHFG KGJCG
Ȱ `×ȡ CJIKBB CKECBB CJGGB DBHIB DCIKB CKKKB DDJEB DCFGE DDECGD DEEHHJ DGGGJ DICEHE DJKFB
`×ȡ× DCH DDB DC DDJ DGB DF DFH DFE DGB DH DIB DJF EBD
¢ȯğ IBHBB HKGBB IECB IHIB IHGB IGKB IGFB IHDF IFGJD IFBCG IBHJ IBEKK IBGJK
¡Ǖȱ `×ȡ CGIDBB CEFFBB CGGHB CIFHB CJFHB CJJDB CJJEB CKIGH CIEHJG CJGHCK CKFKB DBBGI DCJGE
`×ȡ× DDD CKE DCE DIG DFC DFI DGB DH DEE DGB DJB DJG ECB
¢ȯğ DHBB DHBB DIB DJB DIE DKB DJBB DJC DJEI DIEK DFHG DFFC DDEC
ȫ `×ȡ DJBB DEBB DJB EBB EGB EIB EGB EIF EDJC EBGC DICG EBGG EEEB
`×ȡ× CBI BKB CB CBI CDG CDI CDF CEE CCH CCB CCB CDG CFK
¢ȯğ DHGBB DHHBB DHJB DIBB DIJB DIFB DICB DHJC DHHJB DHEH DHEG DHEDH DHECG
ȪȪ `×ȡ DKCBB DKEBB DKKB EBEB ECGB EBGB EBFB EBJG EBDFB EBHI ECEKK ECFDE ECIKK
`×ȡ× CBK CCB CC CCD CCE CCC CCD CCG CCE CDB CDB CD CDC
¢ȯğ CBEB CBE CBI CBGB CBJ CBJF CCBI CBEB CBEC KII
ȡ `×ȡ JJF CBBB CBC CBEB CBK CCHF CDBD CCFI CCFH CCDE
`×ȡ× BJG BKI BKF BKJ CBB CC CCB CCB CCC CCG
àȡ¢ȯğ EFCH
EFCHBB EFCJ
EFCJBB EEJE
EEJE BB EFII
EFIIEB EFJD
EFJDHB EEFC
EEFCHH EFIK
EFIKDC EEII
EEIIBF
àȡ`×ȡ JBHK
JBHKBB JCCG
JCCGBB IIHD
IIHDBB JHCF
JHCFJF KFGI
KFGIBB JIEI
JIEIBG KGHD
KGHDEG KDHH
KDHHDF JHCF
JHCFDK KIID
KIIDFD CBBBK
CBBBKEI CBHJG
CBHJGGG CBKKD
CBKKDHI
`×ȡ× D EH D EI D DK D FJ D ID D HC D IG D IF D HC D IJ D KD E CB E DD
İȪȬǙǒȡǕÛȤǒȡ ÛğȡDBI@
ȡȡȣ]Ǔ[[DBHIHJȯ ǔȡğ ȡȯfȪ@
Ĥȡǔà\Ǖȡ@
87
ȢJ
\Ǖ ǗȢ ĤǕ
JD ĤǕȯ ȡȣȡfȪ¢ȯğ
`×ȡ`×ȡ×
`×ȡ`×ȡ×
¢ȯğȬ¡ȡ¡ȯ Èȡ
`×ȡȬ¡ȡȯȡ
`×ȡ×ȬȯĤǓ¡ȯ Èȡ
]Ǔ[[
ȯ ȡȣ
DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBI
DBIIE DBI
DBII DBI
DBII DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII
II
¢ȯğ
`Ǖ `×ȡ
`×ȡ×
¢ȯğ
ȯ¡ `×ȡ
`×ȡ×
¢ȯğ
]Ǖ `×ȡ
`×ȡ×
¢ȯğ
Ǖ `×ȡ
`×ȡ×
¢ȯğ
¡ `×ȡ
`×ȡ×
àȡ¢ȯğ FED
FEDF FGD
FGDG FIB
FIBH FIK
FIKG FIJ
FIJE FKJ
FKJG GBJ
GBJC IDG
IDGF IFF
IFFJ IFH
IFHC IIIB
III IHF
IHFK
àȡ`×ȡ FKDJ
FKDJI GCJC
GCJCB GFCH
GFCHF GIFH
GIFHF GJII
GJIIG HBEI
HBEIE GJIG
GJIGF GIHG
GIHGK HCEJ
HCEJD HIBBF
HIBB HKHI
HKHII HKCJ
HKCJE
`×ȡ× CC
CCF CC
CCF CC
CCG CD
CDB CD
CDE CD
CDC CC
CCH I K J D K B K B K B
¡ȡȣDBIDIEȯ ǔȡğ ȡȯfȪ@
Ĥȡǔà\Ǖȡ@
88
ȢJ
\Ǖ ǗȢ \Ûȡȣ`×ȡǔèǓ
JE \Ûȡȣ`×ȡǔèǓ

¡ȡȯȡ
]Ǔ[[
\Ûȡȣ¡ǽ
DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBI
DBII DBI
DBII DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII
II
¡ DGGEJ DHDEG ECJEH EDICG EGHIB DJCIG EGEJG EGCKB EGECG EHJIF EJCKK EFBHK
Ǘ HJHDC IBIBB JECHB JJGGD CBJHJG KHGBF KKCKJ KKDGG CBDGDJ CBCBDD CCIJEG CDFKIH
ȡȣ DIGFF EBBFB EDBEB EFBBK EFBKI EFIDBH EGJBBK EJCKJC FCHEGK FBKKEG FDICDI FBJKDE
Ĥȡǔà\Ǖȡ@
\Ǖ ǗȢJ
ȢJFǕ
ǕÛ`×ȡǔèǓ

¡ȡȯȡ
]Ǔ[[
ǒ

DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBI
DBII DBI
DBII DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII
ȡ Ǖ DFCHK DFKB DIIHD DJJG DKGG DKJDF EBBK ECIJG DEDGF EFIB EGIC DGDH
ǗǕÊȡ[ CFFGFC CFKHB CGGHG CHDDIG CHJCC CIBBB CIDFJD CJGEJJ CKCCDF DBJGB DCHJF CGBHKE
Ǖ
Ȫȡȡȡ HDKKF HFED IBFCE IJIBC JEJK JIDKD JKKG CDBJID CEGDE CGCDE CGFKI CCCHDC
ȡȡ FJDE FKIE GDBI GFEH GEKH HGII HKF IIBB JEKB JHG KCJ JEIK
ȡǕ àȪ
89
\Ǖ ǗȢJ ȡ ȡǓȪǓĐȧǒ
ȢJG ȡ ȡǓȪǓĐȧǒ

ȯǒĚȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
ǒ
DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBI
DBII DBIG
DBIGIH DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
ȡ ȡǓ
Ǖǐȡ
ȯǒĚ KKCKHB CBJGGEB CFGHEDB CKBCHEB CHFJBEJ DBGDJCD DCFKIKH DCGIEEF CCJFKEFG CGIJBHB
ǓfȢ
ȯǒĚ FEIDFB HGIDDB JDGDBB CBCIKIB JIGEDDG CCCIBJFB CDBBBKBG CDDCCHF IBHIFGK JJFDJB
Ȫȡ
ȯǒĚ DIEEB DHJJB GBFHB HICIB HGIIJG IKJIJ GCGHE IEIID DEHIFG FEBCB
àȡ CFGHGE
CFGHGEB CIHKHE
CIHKHEB DEECKJ
DEECKJB DKJHII
DKJHIIB DGJKCE
DGJKCEK EDFKII
EDFKIIF EFBCFF
EFBCFFKG EFGDDI
EFGDDIBB CKCGEGFK
CKCGEG DGBGEG
DGBGEGBB
\Ǖ ǗȢJ Ǔ Ȳ
ȢJH Ǔ Ȳ ȡ_Ǔèȡ

¢ȯğ¡ȡ¡ȯ Èȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
Ǔ Ȳ ǔȪĤȡ
DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBI
DBII DBI
DBII DBIG
DBIGIH
IH DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBI II
ǕǓ ǔʶ¢ȯğǒèȡ EDGHG CKGHC CKECB CJBJE DEDHE FCCJB EKHHK EIBG EDCB DDFE
C ¡Ǔ ȱȡ^ KEKG DBCH EGCF CGJH FIID EEHG IEB DDFE
DǗǓǓ ȱȡ^ DDGHB CICJB CGCEG CGKEK CIFHE EFB Ͳ
EȡȱĤǒȢȡ]ȡǐǓ ȱȡ^ HCB EHG HHC GGJ CBDJ Ͳ

İȪȬaȡ[İȪȡǓ Ȳ ȡ^ÛğȡDBIH@]Ǔ[[DBIGȯ ǔ Ȳ ȡfȪǓ Ȳ ȡ^ǒèȡȡğ ȡȯǐfȪ@
90
ȢJ
\Ǖ ǗȢ ¡ȡȣȪ`×ȡǒ
JI ¡ȡȣȪ`×ȡǒ
¢ȯğ¡ȯÈȡ
`×ȡȯǒĚȡ
`×ȡ×ȯǒĚĤǓ¡ȯÈȡ
]Ǔ[[
ȡȣȪȡ DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ× ¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ× ¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ× ¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ× ¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ×

ǕȪ

ȡ

\¡

ȡ

ȡ
BC

Ēȡ Ȣ

¡ [Ēȡ

\Û

¡ȡȣ
àȡ
İȪȬǙǒȡǕÛȤǒȡ ÛğȡDBIH@Ĥȡǔà\Ǖȡ
ǕƱĤ×ȯȡȣȪØȡǋÛȡãȡȡ^ȡ\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡfȪǙǒƨȡ_ĤǓȡȡ`ȱ @
91
\Ǖ ǗȢJ
ȢJJkƭȪǓȡȣȪ`×ȡǒ
kƭȪǓȡȣȪ`×ȡǒ
¢ȯğ¡ȯÈȡ
`×ȡȯǒĚȡ
]Ǔ[ [
ȡȣ
ȡȣ Ǚǒƨ G
G H
¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ× ¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ× ¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ× ¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ× ¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ×
HIEIDB DKJJFCJB FFEH HJFBDB ECGIFBCB FHCH IJHBKE EGGJCJDC FGDH ICHDFG EGGIKEFC FKHI HJGHGB EFBBCIHB FKGK
`Ǖ
CD DF EH CG GI FC CFK CDI CK JK BB KI FE FF BD
JBCIB CCHEEB CG IGBBB KIEGB CE IHBIB CCCGKB CG IDJGB CBGJGB CG IGGGB CBCHGB CE
Ǖ
DKI DKH BC HF CHE CBG CF CFH CEB FD GC CB EI FB IF
DBCHGB DECJIB CC DCDHIB DFIBDB CD DJGDEB DFHGEB BK DJIEDB DGDBHB BK DJCGIF DFDIBF BK
ǔȡ
FD EC CC GG HG CB EFC BD DGH BI DD CG DB EI CI
DBECB FHFB BDE EBBBB GIKB BCK DHKKB FIGB BDB DIHCB GEBB BDD DICEG GBGC BCK
ȧ
CFI BB CID FII DFJ CGG CBB CJB EH DE CCH CBB CI FI CGF
KKEFB IIBBBB FKB CCEKHB JEJKJF FKB CCJKGB JHGFFB FKC CDIFKB KCJEDB FKE CCFGBB JEIJKB FIC
ȡȡ
IK CBI JH CFI KB BB FF ED BD ID HC BF CBD JJ FG
CDGB CDKB CBE CFDG CDHK BKB CDBB CDGB CBF KIB KKB CBD CEGB CFBB CBF
ȡ
DCC DED HB CFB CH CDJ CGJ CG CGH CKD DBJ CK EKD FCF CH
ǕƱĤ×ȯȡȣȪØȡǋÛȡãȡȡ^ȡ\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡfȪǙǒƨȡ_ĤǓȡȡ`ȱ @ȡȡȪ¢ȯğ`×ȡ×ȯȪȣȡȡȡȡȡ[Ȫȡğ ȯÒ`×ȡȯĤȡǙǓȡÞèȡȡȪȣ×èȡÞèȡȡ
ǕȰȡ^ ȯÒ@
92
ȢJ
\Ǖ ǗȢ ȡȡȣȪ`×ȡǒ
JK ȡȡȣȪ`×ȡǒ
¢ȯğ¡ȯÈȡ
`×ȡȯǒĚȡ
ȡȣȪ ]Ǔ[[
DBIE
DBIE IF F
F G G
G H
ȡ
ȡ
Ǚǒƨ ¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ× ¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ× ¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ× ¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ× ¢ȯğ `×ȡ `×ȡ×
\ȰȢ

\Ǘ ȡ

Ǖ

ȯ ȡ

Ǖ ȡ[Ȣ

ȡȡȣ
àȡ

ǕƱĤ×ȯȡȣȪØȡǋÛȡãȡȡ^ȡ\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡfȪǙǒƨȡ_ĤǓȡȡ`ȱ @
93
ȢJ
\Ǖ ǗȢ CB
JCB Ǖ
ǕÛȤȪ Ȳ Éȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
ǕÛȤȪǒǓ
ÛȤȪǒǓ Ǚǒƨ
DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBI
DBII DBI
DBII DBIG
DBIGIH DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
IDFCFCH IEBDJBJ
ȡ_Ȫǽ
BBE
GCHIIEE GCHJJBK
ɇ ȢȡȱȪ
BD
IJKEIB JBBHGJ
ȯȡȯȢ
BBD
CBDGDDEH CBKJHCCF
ȡđȡȪȡ Ȣ

CCKJBBC CDKCEBJ
ǕȲ Ǖ ǍǕ

FJFDKBCH HJHEBHEJ
ǕǕȡ

EKBDJC EKDDGG
¡ȡȱ

CBDGKFC CBDHCEG
ǕȡǕȡ_

CEFKCDF CEGGEJF
ǕȡǕɇ Ȣ

JFCDIDJ CDEGEGCG
ǕǑȯǕǕȡ

CIKFJB CJBKDI
ǕǑȯ¡ȡȱ

IBKHH HJJEC
ȡȡɋȣ

DGJIC EDDCE
ȡȪ

GDHGG GGJBJ
ȪȡÍȡ

ǕƱǕÛȤȪØȡǋÛȡãȪȡ^ȡ\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡfȪǙǒƨȡ_ĤǓȡȡ`ȱ @
94
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȢJ CC
JCC Ǖ
ǕÛ¢ȢÛ`×ȡȪǔèǓ
`×ȡǒǓ
`×ȡǒǓ ]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
Ǚǒƨ
DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBI
DBII DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
Ǘ`×ȡ
ȯǒĚ

ȡ_

ɇ Ȣ

Ǖȡ Ǖ`×ȡ

ȯǒĚ

ȡȱȪ

ȯȡ

ȢȪȡ

ǕȲǍǕ

ǕǕȡ

¡ȡȱ

ǕȪȡ
¡ȡȡ

ǕǕȡ

¡ȡȱ

a
ȯȢ

İȪȬǙǒȡǕÛȤǒȡ ÛğȡDBIH@
ǕƱǕÛȤȪØȡǋÛȡãȪȡ^ȡ\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡfȪǙǒƨȡ_ĤǓȡȡ`ȱ @
95
ȢJ
\Ǖ ǗȢ JCD
CD
Ǚǒ`×ȡ ȱ àǔÛ ȡ¡ǽȪ]ǗǓ[ǔèǓ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ à
ǒ
DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBI
DBII DBIG
DBIGIH DBI
DBII
ȡ ȡǓȯ CIHKHE DEDCJJ DKJHII DGJKCF EDFKII EGJHEF
`ǏȢ`ǒȯ EHHK IDKB KCGC CDFJB JIJG FEHH
Ǔ Ȳ ȡ_¡ȯ È CKGHC CKECB CJBJE DFDKC FCCJB EKHHK EIBG
×èǕȡȢ¡ȡȡ CDCKJI CFJGBC CKCEFG DCDEGG DFFJKI DKDBBB
ȡǔÏɆ¡ǽȡĤȡ¡fȪǙǒȡ[
ECGE GBKC HGCH IJIK KBBF CEGIH CKEFH
ǽȪȡ
İȪ ǙǒȡǕÛȤǒȡ ÛğȡDBIHaȡ[İȪȡǓ Ȳ ȡɃÛğȡDBIHȯȡȡƶɇDBIH@ ȡȣ¢ȯğȡȡğ
\Ǖ ǗȢJ
ȢJCE
CEĤȡ
ĤȡǙǓĤȪȡĤȡǒȡȣ¡ǽȪ¢ȯğ

¡ȯÈ

ĤȡǙǓĤȪȡĤȡǒȡȣ ȡȣ
ǓĤȪȡĤȡǒȡȣ
ȡȣ
DBHH DBHI DBHJ DBHK DBIB DBIC DBIF DBIG
ǒ¡Ȫ
ǒ¡ȪǕ
Ǖȡ
ȡȡ
ȡ
ȡ
ȡ CDHDJD CKHBB IKCIC
Ȱ DGHI CBJE CGBDE
\ÛȡƭȡǏȡȣǕȡȡȪȣ]ȣ CGJIG CJGGH CFEGB
àȡ CFFIDF EKDEK CBJGFF
İȪȬǙǒȡǕÛȤǒȡ ÛğȡDBIH@ ȡǕ àȪ
96
\Ǖ ǗȢJ
ȢJCF
CFɇ
ɇ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡ¡ǾȯĤȡ¡ȯ ȪǙǒȡ[ȪǔèǓ

ǾȪȡ
Ȫȡ
Ȫȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ ȡÛ à
ȡ[ȪǒǓ
DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG
I
I
I
ȯȢȡȢ àÛȢ ȯȡ HHJI IKKJ CBEFJ CCFFF CGIIK DKKBI DECGK EGCFJ
ǔȡ EDBJ EFJB EFDD DKGK ECEK EFHB EDJK EJJH
ǕȡǕȡ àÛȢ ȯȡ CGFFD DBIEB DJIHD EDEDG FIFJK HHHFE GKCKE JDJHE
ȡȡȡȡȡȡ GIKC CIHK DBCB CJDI DGGB EBJF DIFE DIKK
\ÛǙǒȡǙǒÛ ȯȡ CKIJD ECCJD EFDGB FCFJH HHJBB KBEHE KDBEG KGIEH
àȡ GBKCB HGCHB IJIKC KBBFC CEGIGI CKEFGI CJBFCJ DDBFED

İȪȬȯȡȡƶɇDBIH@
97
\Ǖ ǗȢJ
ȢJCG
CG ȡȡǒ ȡ
ȡȡǒ ȡǒȡ Ǖ Ȫ è
ȡȡǒ ȡ ǒȡ ǕǒƣǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡǓǓȯ Ȫ èȡ
è ȡbȡȢ
ȡ bȡȢǔèǓ
bȡȢ ǔèǓ
]Ǔ[ [ ȡǕ àȪ

ǒ
DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBI
DBI I DBI
DBI DBI
DBI I
ȯǒfȪǔãȡ ÌÉȡ FE GF GG GI HG HI HJ HK HK IB
ȯǒfȪèȡȢ¡
ȡǓȡ
FDB FCE FFD
ÌÉȡ
]ƨ ¡ȡȣ Ȳ èȡ ÌÉȡ DKC EKC FDJ GCB HBD HGG HJB IGB HKJ JDK
ȡȡǒ ȡ Ǖ¡ ÌÉȡ ECKHJ FBKKC FGIEJ HBEEF IIEIJ JHIEC KIIDD CBHKCJ KJJKB CCHFIG
ȡȡǒ ȡ èǐȡ ÌÉȡ DDJFCI EDEEJF EIHKGI FHBGKB GFCHGD HFKICK HIBJHH IDJJKE HKGCHI JCFFIC
Ǖ
èȡȢ
Ǖ
ȱ Ȣ

ǽȡȡ FCBEE HGDIE KCDBJ CEDFHH CHDKGI DDKFDI DIKECF EDJGCC ECEDFH EIBFBF
èȢǙ
b

ǽȡȡ DIGGB EFEED GCEGG IFJEF CBGGKD CECKKB CGKDEC CJHBED CCJICK CFDEED
b
ȡȢ

ǽȡȡ DHIEJ EEBKC GCEGG IFJEF KIKIK CCKIGB CGBBGC CIIDFK CBGJBC CDDFFH
b
\ Ǖȣ

ǽȡȡ CJIGC DEGDH EFBCK FIGDK HJHBG KBCDHK CDCBJJ CFCGKB KBICE CBIKCJ
ȡȢȡ
¡ȯ Ȫb
DHIHD EHEDI GEHHD JBKHI CCBEFC CEKKFK CHJKCD DBFGIC CJFBKF DCKBKK
ǽȡȡ
¡ȡȣȪb
DBIGCG DIIDIF EFJDCF FEGCDJ FKJBKD FGKBGI GGIHJH
Ǿȡȡ
İȪ ȡȡǒ ȡǒȡ ǕǒƣǒƣȢ Ȳ èȡǓǓȯ DBIH@
98
\Ǖ Ǘ ȢJ
ȢJ CH
CH Ǔ Ȳ
Ǔ Ȳ ȡ^Ȫǒèȡ ȡ
ȡ^Ȫǒèȡ
¡ȯ È ȡ
]Ǔ[ [
ȪĤȡ
Ǔ Ȳ ǔ Ȫ Ĥȡ

DBHI
DBHI HJ DBHJ
DBHJ HK DBHK
DBHK IB DBIB
DBIB IC DBIC
DBIC ID DBID
DBID IE DBIE
DBIE IF DBIF
DBIF IG DBIG
DBIG IH DBIH
DBIH II
Ǖ Ǔ Ȳ
Ǔ Ȳ ǔ ¢ȯğ ǒèȡ CDIKEKG CECCKHB CEECGDC CEGBJEC CEHJKCF CEKDCII CFEEEGI CFIEBDH CFIHIEC CFIJKIF
¡Ǔ Ȳ ȡ_ KGHKBC KHHDKH KHJECD KICJDH KIEFCD KIJCJF KJDHGK KJHJJK KKBDGF KKDFKI
ǗǓǓ Ȳ ȡ_ ECKJCH EFDEIH EGKGGH EIFHKC EKBHEB FBJBKE FFEEHG FIJCBF FIJFFF FIJFFF
ȡĤǒǓȡ]ȡǐǓ Ȳ ȡ_ DHIJ EDJJ EHGE FECF FJID GKBB IEEE JBEE JBEE JBEE

İȪȬaȡ[İȪȡǓ Ȳ ȡ^ÛğȡDBIH@ ȡǕ à
99
\Ǖ ǗȢ
ȢJ CI
JCI Ȱ
Ȱȡȡ Ȳ ǔèǓ
]Ǔ[[ ȡ
ȡ
ÈǗǒǒ
ǒ ȡ`ȡ
ȡ`ȡ
ʣȡ
ʣȡ
DBIHII
DBIGIH CKFBBBBB FIKHJ
DBIFIG CIGGDIEE CBGDJ
DBIEIF JKIGCJC JBGK
DBIDIE JCBBEJK EHHJ
DBICID KJGKIFE JHBH
DBIBIC KJIKGJF JGGB
DBHKIB CGJDJEI HHC
DBHJHK CEFIGGK FEI
DBHIHJ DHEHJJ FBK
DBHHHI DEKHIBI CFBJ
DBHGHH EKIECHE CKEK
DBHFHG CDICEGI CICB

İȪȡȡȡÛğȡDBIH ȡǕ àȪ
100
\Ǖ ǗȢJ
ȢJCJ
CJ Ȳ
Ȳ ǔ¢¢ȯğȡħȶ[ ÌÉȡȡè]àȡȢȪǔèǓ
ħȶ[Ȫ ÌÉȡ
Ȫ ÌÉȡ ȡ Ȳ
Ȳ ǔ¢¢ȯğȡ fȪȡè
ǽ
Ȳ fȪȡè
]Ǔ[[
[

]Ûǐȡƻ
]Ûǐȡƻ Ȫȡ
Ȫȡ
DBIHII GCBDIJ EFHG
DBIGIH IBHCCC IEKK
DBIFIG HKKGGK IBGK
DBIEIF HBFBKC GGDI
DBIDIE EJKDDE EGBD
DBICID GCIBKG GEJI
DBIBIC GGJGII GEBK
DBHKIB GCBDBG FICE
DBHJHK GBDBKD CJI
DBHIHJ FGGDEI DFJG
DBHHHI EJCIJK CFBE
İȪȡȡȡÛğȡDBIHȡǕ à
101
ȡǓȡJ ǙǒÛèǕ¡ǽȪǓȡ[]ȡȪ\èȡ
ȡǓȡJ
]ȡȪ\èȡ
ǾȪȡ

èǕȪȡ
]ȡ Ǔȡ[ ]ȡ Ǔȡ[
ȢǒÛǕ

ȡ Ǖ
ȡȡȡ\Û
ȡȣȡȡȡ Ǖ
ǕÊȡ[ȡǕÛȡƭ`×ȡ¡ǽ
ȢǒȪǒǽȡ¡ǽȡǗ¡ǽ
ȡȣȡ¡
Ò ȡǕ
ǔȡ
ȧ
ȡ
ȡȡ

Ȱ
¡Ǖȱ
\ÛȡƭȡǏ
ǒȪȰȡ ǕȢÍȡȱÉȡ]Ǒ
ǕÛȤȪ]¡ȡȡ
ǕǓ[ȡ ǕǓ[Û`×ȡ
ȡȡ
ɉ Ȫȡȯ
ǔȢ
ǔȢÛ`×ȡ
ȯ
`

ȡ
Ǖȡ\ÛèǓȯ ȡ
\ÛǙǒÛèǕ
Ǖàȡ
àȡ
İȪȬÛ ȡǒȡȪØȡǋȡȡǐfȪ@ ȡǕ à
102
ȢK
\Ǖ ǗȢ Ĥȯ
K Ĥȯ ǽȡ`ƭȪȪǒ

ȡȢǽȪȡ
Ĥȯ Ĥȯ Ȳ C Ĥȯ Ȳ D ȡȢ Öȧ Ĥȯ Ȳ G ȡ[ȣ ǕǕ ǔƱĤȯ
ǔƱ Ĥȯ àȡ
ǙǒȡÛ
Ǔȡ[
`ȡ[Ǖ
Ǘ ȡĤȡ ʶȡ
`×ȡǕ
Ǔ
ȯ ȡ
[
Ǖ`ƭȪȪ Ȳ Éȡ
ǕȡȢ
Ȫȡȣ
İȪȬ`ƭȪǒȡ@
Ǖǽȯ ǔ]ȪȡǕ à
103
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ
ǒ[ȡèȢǙǓĤȡƯ`ƭȪȪǒ
ǽȪȡ
ǒ[
ǓĤȡƯ`ƭȪȪǒ
]Ǔ[[ ÌÉȡ ǕȡȢ ȱ Ȣ

ǔèǕ ȱ Ȣ
ȡǕǕ Ȫȡȣ
Ȫȡȣ
ȡ
ȡ

İȪȬ`ƭȪǒȡ
İȪȬ`ƭȪǒȡ
@
@
ȡǕ
ȡǕ à
104
\Ǖ ǗȢ ǒ[ȡǕǒȯ ȢȡȢ
Ȣ
ǒ[

ǽȪȡ
Ȫȡ
]Ǔ[ ÌÉȡ Ǖǒȯ ȢȡȢ ȪȡȣȪ ÌÉȡ

İȪȬ`ƭȪǒȡ@
Ǖǽȯ ǔ]Ǔ[[DȡǕ à
105
\Ǖ ǗȢK [] ȡ_\Ǔ
ȢK͗
ȡ[
¡ȡ_ȡ[ȡ [Ȫ èȡ[ȡ[
ȡ [Ȫ
Ȫ ĤǓ[Ȫ
Ȫ ȡ^
ȡ^ ÌÉȡȪȡǒ[
[ ÌÉȡȪ ȡǒ[Ǚ
Ǚǒƨ
[ [ ÌÉȡ
] ]
]
ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ \Ǔ
\Ǔ
Ǒȡ
Ǒȡ
ĤǓȡ
ĤǓȡ
DBHB Ǖ EEJCED DIGFDJ HDIBF KH DDI
DBHC Ǖ EJGDKI DKIEEG JIKHD CEG CEK
DBHD Ǖ EIGEKJ DIIEFH KJBGD KC DH
DBHE Ǖ EJEKDH DJEJCK CBBCBI CBD DE
DBHF Ǖ GDHIBG EHBICE CHGKKD CDB EID
DBHG Ǖ GBBDII EIFHHC CDGHCH CCJ GB
DBHH Ǖ GBKIGD EIKHDD CEBCEB CCH CK
DBHI Ǖ HBDJHI FFJJBB CGHBHI CDI CJE
DBHJ Ǖ IEHDCG GFGDDC CKBKKF CEC DDC
DBHK Ǖ JBEBKD GKJDGJ DBFJEF CDK KC
DBIB Ǖ IKIHCH GKFJFJ DBDIHJ CDG BI
DBIC Ǖ IKBCCJ GJGKJC DBFCEI CDF BK
DBID Ǖ GEJKIB FBIFCD CECGGJ CDJ ECJ
DBIE Ǖ IGEBBD GIDGHE CJBFEK CEF EKI
DBIF Ǖ KFBDCJ IHBGII CIKHFC CDH DFK
DBIG Ǖ CCIEBID KHKDIJ DBEIJG CDF DFJ
DBIH Ǖ CCKICKC KKGJJF DBCEBI CEB DC

İȪȬ[ǒȡ@
106
ȢK
\Ǖ ǗȢ KĤǕ Ǖ [] ÌÉȡ
ĤǕǕ
DBHE DBHF DBHG DBHH DBHI DBHJ DBHK DBIB DBIC DBID DBIE
DBIE DBIF
DBIF DBIG
DBIG DBIH
DBIH
Ǖ
Ǖ
ȫ ȫ ȫ ȫ ȫ ȫ ȫ ȫ ȫ ȫ ȫ ȫ ȫ ȫ
\ƶȯ Ǔȡ JDEC CDEHK CEJFH CGFHC CHDFE CKKFK DDBEB DBDFHK DFGCH CJHCK DGGBI EEEIC EJFDK EJKID
Ȳ ȡȯ DDFCB DCJGC CFJEC DEFFB DKBHB DHEGG DGJFK
Èȡȡȡ FIEE IEKK JCED JKHG KEDD CBIBG CEGBI CDCED CCHCB JEKJ CDFKC CGCBG CIECI CICBD
Ȣ CIGEJ DJHCJ EGCHH EDDID FHEHB HCKCI ICJHC CCECIE CDEJBG HHKJF CBFBBG CBFHHF CGEHEE CHKGFE
ĥȡÛ CFJEG DBDGB DDFBD DDCGF DFGGB DHCEC DJJBG DCJFD DFBKI CHFBG DBJHE DHCFB ECJCB EBHFH
[ CFEHC DCEDE CJGGD CKDFH DDGJE DHJHH EBFBK DDDHE CJBDJ CDIDJ DEJCD DKKCJ EHJIK EHHFC
ȡ KEIDD KHBCB KCCII KEJJF CDBJKJ CFIBEI CHGJCG CJBKIF CEGEFE IGCDF CCJDFK CHBJED CKFEDE DGFCGB
^ȡȣ IIEH CCDFE IKCF IKJD CBDDH CDDGI CFHCF KKIF CBEFI GHBK KKCC CCJFB CGEFD CGHIH
ȡȡ DDDFD DIBGJ DEEJE DDFFG DEEED DGJGH DJHFD DHHKF DGJDK CIHCH DDKIK DIEDH DKJCI EBGEF
Ȫǐȡ CKICF DEDBG CJCCD DGCIC EFEBC EIDCJ DKHJB
àȡȡ DGIHK EBJGD FCFBD EHDIF
ȯ Ǔ ȡ CJDJF DDJEE DCEDK
ȯ ãȡ IDBI CBGJK CBKBB CCCFI CEFIC CHEFE CGFFG CBGCH CDEDB IGCG CCFGE CEEKE CGEGE CGBED
èȯ CBEII CGHID CEJGC CEBBH CEICD CGGKE CFGFK CBFCD CECCB HICF CDDGG CGKGE DBDCF CKBGI
ȡ_ãȡ DHIDD EKCGF GDFDK FCHGE
ĮȢȲ ȡ DIFCE FKKFI EIJCI EHEHD FGGEC GKIJG HKFIH EDIEH EIGFH FFEHI GIGDC FGEHC HKHFB GGJHK
\ȯǐȡ CKJEE DKIJE EBBIH EDBFE EHFDG FCKIC FJKJG FIEGG FKJEB FDHJI GEHFG IKCFH KCJKG KEDCJ
ȯ ȡ DDIBJ EDEHI EEHGJ EGEJD EGBKC EHKJC FCDKF EGHHJ EHIGK DKIEB FHDKG GCBGJ HEFHH HCCFF
\Û CDBIED CIHECD CICKJK CIDJFH DCFKGB DIBHEK DCFHEJ CDGDBE DCIDKH CKBCCE CCKDFG CKDIIF CDCHDB DBFJDD
Ǖȯ ȡ FBBG EGCG FBBI HBFE EFHG FFKB GBHC HFDCJ EFIHG
àȡ EJEKDH GDHIBG GBBDII GBKKGH HBDJHI IEHDCG JBEBKD IKIHCH IKBCCJ GEJKIB IGEBBD KGJGED CCIEBID CCKICKC
107
\Ǖ ǗȢK [
ȢK [¢ȯğȡ]ǔ[ǒȯ ȢǕġȡ
[¢ȯğȡ][ []ǕèǕ []ǕèǕǓȡ[ ]ǔ[Ǖǒȯ Ȣ

Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ
]Ǔ[[ fȪǒȯ ȢǕġȡ
Ǿ Ǔȡ[ȡĤȡƯǒȯ Ȣ fQ ȯ ȡȡĤȡƯǒȯ ȢǕġȡȪ ǕġȡȪ\Ǖȡȡ
\ǕȡȡĤǓ
Ȫȡ ǕġȡȪ\ǕȡĤǓ \ǕȡĤǓ ĤǓ&

İȪȬȯȡȡƶɆ @
&ȡǕȡȡ\Û[ȡĤȡǓƯ¡ǽȪȪ@
ȡǕ àȪ@
108
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ¡Ȫ¡ȪȰ
¡Ȫ¡ȪȰáȡ
ȡȯ èȡ ȡȯ ȡ¡ȯ ȡ àȡ

[
¡Ȫ Ȱáȡ ÌÉȡ ¡Ȫ Ȱáȡ ÌÉȡ ¡Ȫ Ȱáȡ ÌÉȡ
DBHC Ǖ CCB CBICG JJH DJEKD KKH EKCBI
DBHD Ǖ CCB CBICG JKH DJHHK CBBH EKEJF
DBHE Ǖ CBG KIHE GBD CFFKI HBI DFDHB
DBHF Ǖ CBG KIHE GCD CFJKI HCI DFHHB
DBHG Ǖ KH KEDB GIE CHIFE HHK DHBHE
DBHH Ǖ KI KEHK HFI CKCDF IFF DJFKE
DBHI Ǖ CBE KCDG HJH DBDCI IJK DKEFD
DBHJ Ǖ CBH KEDE IDC DCFGI JDI EBIJB
DBHK Ǖ CBI KEIC IFH DDDJH JGE ECHGI
DBIB Ǖ CCI KGBH KBK DGBCI CBDH EFGDE
DBIC Ǖ CCJ KGGF KGI DHHDG CBIG EHCIK
DBID Ǖ CCH KICB KHB DIDFB CBIE EHKGB
DBIE Ǖ CDB CBBIC KFD DJCIC CBHD EJDFD
DBIF Ǖ CDG CBHKI KII DKCEH CCBC EKJEE
DBIG Ǖ CDK CCCFH CCDG DKICB CDGF FBJGH
DBIH Ǖ CEJ CEDBB CCGC EBIKK CDJK FEKKK
İȪȬ[ǒȡ@
109
\Ǖ ǗȢK
ȢK[
[ȡȪ¡ ÌÉȡ
ȡȡ_ĤȡƯȪãȣ
[ [ȡȪ¡ȣ ÌÉȡ [ȡȪ¡ȣȪ ÌÉȡ ȡǒȪȡȣ

Ǿ¡ȡȡ
¡ȡȡ
¡ȡȡ
DBBF CDJ KFB HEH
DBBG CEE KJH FEFF
DBBH CHD CCDJ FJFE
DBBI DBD JBJB
DBBJ CHD CBBK KJI
DBBK DEH CGCK DGKJ
DBCB DHK CKFD DDBD
DBCC DGK CKGC DHCH
DBCD EBB DGHH CKEJ
DBCE DKH DDHH DJIF
DBCF EDB DGBB DFGB
DBCG EJB FBBE CHDC
DBCH DIJ CKJC KJD
DBCI CIKJ JDBH CHID
DBCJ CKCB JHFC CIDB
DBCK CKDC JDGF CIBB
İȪȬ[ǒȡ@
ȯȡ[ȡȪ¡ Ȳ [Ȫ ȯ ȡȯǐfȪ@
110
\Ǖ ǗȢȬ
ȢȬħȪ`Ƨȯ
ħȪ`Ƨȯæ\Ǖ ȡ[]
]
ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
kȡǐ
ȡğȡ ȡ
ȡ \Ú
\Ú
[ ȪÛ åȡȡ
ȡȡ[ Ȣ[ȡğȢ âȡǒȲ \Û ǕȯȪ àȡ
[ȡȪ¡ ȯ Ǔȡ Ȫȡ
àÛȢ
Ǖ KIKBF HGIDC CKEJI DCKHI DCEKG CCCIGJ EEJCED
DBHB
ĤǓ DK CK H HG HE EE
EEC CBB
Ǖ CHIDHD HKFFD CEKFJ CIBJJ FGHHF ICJKE EJGDKI

DBHC
ĤǓ FE
FEF CJ EH FF CC
CCK CJ
CJI CBB
Ǖ CHBDGK HCFJJ DCKKD CHJGK FIHDC HICIK EIGEKJ

DBHD
ĤǓ FD
FDI CH
CHF GK FG CD
CDI CI
CIK CBB
Ǖ CFGJBD HHKEC DCBHH CJBHE GKDKJ IDIHH EJEKDH

DBHE
ĤǓ EJ CI
CIF GG FI CG
CGF CK CBB
Ǖ DCIJCG CBCEDB DFFJI DCHIB GDGKF JBCK HG IJGIK DDCGH GDHIBG
DBHF
ĤǓ FC
FCF CK
CKD FH FC CB CG CF
CFK FD CBB
Ǖ CFJCJB CBFJDD DEBEK FEBFF FGBKC HKEJ DFE KKEKC DKGDK GBBDII
DBHG
ĤǓ DK
DKH DC FH JH K CF CK
CKK GK CBB
Ǖ CFBKKD CEDKDK DDIGJ DFGCJ GCGFD KKJG DJG CJHJFK FBBKJ GBKKGH
DBHH
ĤǓ DI
DIH DH
DHC FG FJ CB
CBC D BC EH
EHH IK CBB
Ǖ DHEKEJ IBDCJ DCEII DHEIF CBCEEG KHDI IEB GCBC FHGCH GIHGC HBDJHI
DBHI
ĤǓ FE
FEJ CC
CCH EG FF CH
CHJ CH BC BJ II KH CBB
111
\Ǖ ǗȢȬ
ȢȬħȪ`Ƨȯ
ħȪ`Ƨȯæ\Ǖ ȡ[]
]
ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
kȡǐ
ȡğȡ ȡ
ȡ \Ú
\Ú
[ ȪÛ åȡȡ
ȡȡ[ Ȣ[ȡğȢ âȡǒȲ \Û ǕȯȪ àȡ
[ȡȪ¡ ȯ Ǔȡ Ȫȡ
àÛȢ
Ǖ FDGIDC JHDHB CIJGK DFBGF HEIJE CBJEH DCJC GDEG DKJKG IBEKC IEHDCG
DBHJ
ĤǓ GI
GIJ CC
CCI DF EE JI CG BE BI FC KH CBB
Ǖ EIKHDI CBGBCG DFIJG EBFHB CBKJGF CEHFH CIGB CJKIG DIJCG KCCHG JBEBKD
DBHK
ĤǓ FI
FIE CE
CEC EC EJ CE
CEI CI BD DF EG CC
CCF CBB
Ǖ FCBKEF CBDBBC DJCJE EIEJH ICHCB CGGGD CEKH CBEHK GFEDH HGJGJ IKIHCH
DBIB
ĤǓ GC
GCG CD
CDJ EG FI K D BD CE HJ JE CBB
Ǖ EKGJFK KICJG DFFKF EDEKG KJIHG CEFED CGJB CBDID FCJIH IFDIC IKBCCJ
DBIC
ĤǓ GB
GBC CD
CDE EC FC CD
CDG CI BD CE GE KF CBB
Ǖ EJHBHG CDBJI DBJIH DCFIK CFKKH KCHD KBEJ CFKDJ GBEEK GEJKIB
DBID
ĤǓ IC
ICH DD EK F DJ CI CID DJ KE CBB
Ǖ FJKFGC HHFKB DFEDD DCECB JDJEB CDJBC GGIKI GEJKIB
DBIE
ĤǓ HG JJE EDE DJE CC CI IFC CBB
Ǖ HGJCGE IGDCI CFCBEE HGJCG KFBDCJ
DBIF
ĤǓ IB J CG I CBB
Ǖ IBEJFE CJIHKD CHKCJB CCDEGI CCIEBID
DBIG
ĤǓ HB CH CF
CFF KH CBB
Ǖ IIJCIE CKIIJH CICKEI FKEBC CCKICKC
DBIH
ĤǓ HG CH
CHGD CF
CFEH FCD CBB
İȪȬ[ǒȡ@
112
ȢK
\Ǖ ǗȢ
K ¡Ȫèȯ
¡Ȫèȯ ǒ

ǔãȡ Ĥȡ \ǕǓ Ȫȡ Ȱá ȡ \ǕǓ Ȫȡ Ȱá ȡ \ǕǓ Ȫȡ Ȱá ȡ \ǕǓ Ȫȡ Ȱá ȡ \ǕǓ Ȫȡ Ȱá ȡ
ĤȡƯ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ĤȡƯ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ĤȡƯ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ĤȡƯ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ĤȡƯ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
ȡȡɊ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
ƠǕ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
ȡħȯ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
ǓǕ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
Ǖ Ǖ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
ǕȡȪ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
ȡȯȡ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
ǔ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
ȡèȧ åǔƠ
àȡ
113
ȢK
\Ǖ ǗȢ
K ¡Ȫèȯ
¡Ȫèȯ ǒ

ǔãȡ Ĥȡ \ǕǓ Ȫȡ Ȱá ȡ \ǕǓ Ȫȡ Ȱá ȡ \ǕǓ Ȫȡ Ȱá ȡ \ǕǓ Ȫȡ Ȱá ȡ \ǕǓ Ȫȡ Ȱá ȡ
ĤȡƯ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ĤȡƯ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ĤȡƯ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ĤȡƯ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ĤȡƯ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
ȡǕ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
ȡǑ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
`Ǖ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
Ưȣ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
Ǖȡ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
ÜǕȡ åǔƠ
àȡ
ȡǕȡǒ
àȡ
åǔƠ
Ǖàȡ
114
\Ǖ ǗȢCB
ȢCB
CBC
Caȡ[
aȡ[Ȫǒ
aȡ[ȡİȪ
àȡ åȡȡǐ
]Ǔ[[ ^ȡ_ àȡ åȡȡǐ Ǖàȡ
ȢȢ
àȡ ȡ`ȡ Ǚǒ\ȯ Ǖ^ȱȡ àȡ Ȫ^ȡ ȯ ĚȪǓȡ[ ǒƭǕ
DBHCHD BBB IGGH

IGGHBB HIEDBB EDIBB FKIBB CBCF
CBCFBB CGDBB IBGBB CGIBB FH
FHBB JHCHBB
DBHDHE BBB
DBHEHF BBB
EEI G
CJ
DBHFHG BBB
DBHGHH BBB
DBHHHI BBB
DBHIHJ BBB
DBHJHK BBB
DBHKIB BBB
DBIBIC BBB
DBICID BBB
DBIDIE BBB
DBIEIF BBB
DBIFIG BBB
DBIGIH BBB
DBIHII BBB
Ύ
İȪȬaȡ[İȪȡǓ ȱȡ^Ûğȡ@ àȪ@
ȡǕ àȪ @
ToE: Tones of Oil Equivalent
115
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ
D
DǒƭǕ
ǒƭǕ`×ȡȡȪǔèǓ

ȡǒȪȡÖȡȡ
]ȡĤȡ àȫȡ
`×ȡȡ `Í
`×ȡ \Û[
ȡ¡[èØ kƭȪǓ åȡȡǐ Ǔȡ[ \Û àȡ ǒƭǕıȡ ȡ
]ȡ
]Ǔ[[
ȯ ȡȡ
ȡȡ ]ȡ Ǔȡ[
DBHB
DBHBHC
DBHC
DBHCHD
DBHD
DBHDHE
DBHE
DBHEHF
DBHF
DBHFHG
DBHG
DBHGHH
DBHH
DBHHHI
DBHI
DBHIHJ
DBHJ
DBHJHK
DBHK
DBHKIB
DBIB
DBIBIC
DBIC
DBICID
DBID
DBIDIE
DBIE
DBIEIF
DBIF
DBIFIG
DBIG
DBIGIH

DBIH
DBIHII
İȪȬȯȡǒƭǕĤȡǓ@ ȡǕ àȪ@
116
ȢCB
\Ǖ ǗȢ aȡ[
CBE
CB aȡ[ȪǔèǓ ȡ
ȪǔèǓ
ToE: Tones of Oil Equivalentȡ

ȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǕ àȪ
İȪ DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII
\Ȳ ĤǓ \Ȳ ĤǓ \Ȳ ĤǓ \Ȳ ĤǓ \Ȳ ĤǓ \Ȳ ĤǓ \Ȳ ĤǓ
BBB
BBB BBB
BBB BBB
BBB BBB
BBB BBB
BBB BBB
BBB BBB
BBB
àȡ KCBF
KCBFBB II
IIHB KDDI
KDDIBB IJ
IJFB KECK
KECKFG ID
IDFE KFIE
KFIEBB IB
IBDG KHBC
KHBCBB HJ
HJGC HDCEBB
HDCE HJ
HJJJ HFBB
HFBBBB HJ
HJIF
ȡ`ȡ JDHFBB IBGB JEIHBB ICDB JFGKFB HGIG JHBFBB HEJC JIDBBB HDDD GHEKHB HDGE GJCEBB HDFF
Ǚǒ\ȯ FBJBB EGB FCFBB EGB FCJBK EDF FDGBB ECG FECBB EBJ DIJIB EBK DJIBB EBJ
Ǖ^ȱȡ FEDBB EIB FEJBB EIB FFCKH EFF FFFBB EDK FGBBB EDC DKFHB EDI EBBBB EDD
åȡȡǐ DEEF
DEEFFF CK
CKKK DDFJ
DDFJDB CK
CKCB EDGD
EDGDGK DG
DGDJ EICF
EICFKD DI
DIGG FCCG
FCCGBB DK
DKEH DGCE
DGCECB DI
DIJH DHCB
DHCBJB DJ
DJBF
Ȫ^ȡ FHGBB FBB GEHDG FHB HHEKI GCH IHCJI GHG KIBBB HKD FHGHB GCH GGCBB GKD
ȯĚȪǓȡ[ CFHKCH CDGB CDIGEK CBJB DBJJBB CHDE DEJJFC CIIC DHEEBB CJIK CHJHJB CJIB CHKIBB CJDE
ǒƭǕ EKIDJ EFB FEHGH EIB GBBHD EJK GHFHE FCK GCCGB EHG EHBIB FBB EHCBB EJJ
ȢȢ DKD
DKDCD DGB DKD
DKDFK DGB DKF
DKFBB DDK DKH
DKHEC DDB DKJ
DKJHB DCE DKE
DKEEB EDG DKK
DKKEC EDC
Ǖàȡ CCIDI
CCIDIGH CBB
CBBBB CCIHI
CCIHIHK CBB
CBBBB CDJHH
CDJHHBF CBB
CBBBB CEFJE
CEFJEKB CBB
CBBBB CFBCF
CFBCFCE CBB
CBBBB KBCK
KBCKFB CBB
CBBBB KECB
KECBFJ CBB
CBBBB
İȪȬaȡ[İȪȡǓ Ȳ ȡ^ȱÛğȡ@
117
\Ǖ ǗȢCB
ȢCB
CBFǒƭǕ ȡ
ǒƭǕȡ `×ȡfQ
`×ȡfQȫǓ Ȳ ȡ
Ĥ]
]Ǔ[[
ǒ¡ȡȪ
ǒ

`×ȡ*
ȯȡ
Ĥ ȡȡ^
ǒȪǓ
Ēȡ¡ Ȳ Éȡ***
ǒȡ^
ǒȪǓ
`Þ`ȡ[
Ǔȡ]
`Íȡ
ȯȡ
ȡ]ǗǓ[Gap
ȯȡ
ȡȡ]ȡ
Ǔȡȡ

Öȡ
İȪȬȯȡǒƭǕĤȡǓ@

ȪǒƭǕ`×ȡ ȯ ȡȯǐfȪ@
ȡǗȡǒ Ȳ èȡ\Û[¡ȯȪȣGȡĒȡ¡ ȡȯǐfȪȰ @
118
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ
Ȱ
Ȱǔãaȡ[ĤȪȪǔèǓ
]Ǔ[[ Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡ
ȡ[Đ ¡ǽ
^ȡ_ DBH
DBHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIG IH DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII
Ǖȡ ȡȡǒƭǕ
ǒȡ CHKG DFGE EDGJ EEHH EDJJ EHFH CKCB CDFG CDFK CFGE HED IHF
]ȪȡȡǒƭǕ`×ȡ
ȫ[ȯ Ǖ ǒƭǕĤȡȣȡ ÌÉȡ EHCEG GIBGK EGHDI KHFKG JIBEJ CBECHC GHIIB CHBJF CBKCFI IGFGF EEFFG KJGJ
ȡȪÊȡ ȡ ÌÉȡ CKGCC CIKBI CJKIK CIHEG ECGCD EBBIJ CHIBH DBGEH CHKJJ CCJBE EFCF CEFC
ǕȡǐfȪȡȢʣȡ ÌÉȡ KJH EGE KIC CDGH EFC HFC HIE CHB DBE CHC CCC
ǕȡǐfȪ ǕȪȡ ÌÉȡ JICGF JFCHJ CCJFHC CDBEHF CFBHHD ECBDJC GCDCC HBGGG EIIJJ FEBCG CFKFG FHFI
ȡǕ ȫ[aȡ[ǓǔĮĤȡȣȡ
ǒȡ DG GF IG DBB EBG IB GB
ǒǕǓ
Ȳ èȡ ¡ȣå ȡǒ
ÌÉȡ CG G GG CBC GJ FB FK
ȡȪÊȡ ÜȡÛȡ
İȪȬaȡ[İȪȡǓ Ȳ ȡ^ȱÛğȡ@
119
\Ǖ ǗȢCC
ȢCC
CCC
C ȡȣ ȡ¡ǾȪ Ȳ
ȡȣ ȡ¡ǾȪ Ȳ Éȡ
]Ǔ[[
ǒǓ ¡ȡ àȪàȡ
]DBFH
DBFHͬFI
DBFH FI
DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBI
DBII BI
BI
BII DBI
DBII BI
BI
BII BI
BIIΎ
ȯ ǔDB
DB
DBͬI
I à
à

ǓǓ ͬǓǓĚ
ĐȯͬȪͬfèȡȯͬĚ
ȡͬȢͬßȡ
ǒ\
ȡ^ĐȪ
ȯ àȪ
Ȫ ȡ_
ȯ Èͬȡǒ
_ǐÈ ȡ
\Û
àȡ
]Ǔ[[ àȪàȡ
İȪȫǓǕȡ[ȡȡȡȡȡÛğȡ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àȪ@
120
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ CC
CCD
Ǘ Ñȡ ȯȡȪ\èȡ
ȯ ȡȪǒǓ BIB
BIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE Ύ

Ǖȯ ǓȪ Ȳ Éȡ D͕FG͕GH͕GID D͕JC͕BG͕KIC ͕͕͕E ͕͕͕
ȯ ǓȪ× KDHJ CBHBJ CCJIG CEEJE
ǒf ǒf J͕DK͕FCE J͕FG͕BDJ J͕͕ ͕͕ JHBHIE
Ȫȡ^ D͕DB͕GD͕HBD D͕HF͕DB͕HFG D͕͕͕GG ͕͕͕ ͕͕͕
ǓǓȯ ȪǒǓǒ CH͕ID͕JCG J͕EJ͕GGH ͕͕ ͕͕
ǔfǒǓ f CIFD CIFD CIFD CIFD DKBG
ĦȪÞȡÖĒȡ¡ JI͕JD͕KEH C͕CG͕HK͕DKF CEIJFHCJ C ͕͕͕
ĦȪÞȡÖ× EECG FEHI HH ID
fǓf f^Ûȶ C͕DJ͕EBI C͕EF͕IDK ͕͕ ͕͕ ͕͕
ǔǒ]f JE͕FC͕CIH C͕CB͕JJ͕DIG ͕͕͕ ͕͕͕
CDMA 1X, EVDO C͕KE͕ECI C͕KJ͕GGH C͕KK͕ ͕͕
WiMAX KDKK CEEBH JJBK
DialUp(PSTN+ ISDN) CBDKF
Wireless Modem Optical Fibre Ethernet GDCED ͕͕
Cable Modem ICKJK ͕͕ ͕͕ ͕͕
VSAT Based Internet CE CE
İȪȬ ʶȡȡ ǗȡĤǒǓÛğȡ@ ȡǕ àȪ
121
ȢCD
\Ǖ ǗȢ C
CDC
CD Ĥȡǔàȡǔ¢ȡȪǔèǓ
Ĥȡǔàȡǔ¢ȡȪǔèǓ
Ĥȡǔà Ĥȡǔàȡǔ¢ȡȪ\Ǖ
fȡȡǒȡ àȡȡǒȡ ȡȡǔÛȡȡǓȡ
]Ǔ[[ ȡǒȡ ȪǗ ǒ¡¢ȡC
ǒ¡¢ȡCȡȡȱ
Cȡȡȱȡ[¡Ǖ
Ûġ
ÌÉȡ
ȯÛġ
ȡ Ûġ
ÌÉȡ
ȯÛġ
ȡ
ÌÉȡ
ȡ
ȡ[ ]fȡǒƭȡȸ¡ǾȪĤǓ
BHHHI DBBB DHIID KFIDIJ HHBD FKK
BHIHJ DBBB DJIIG CBCJGFE IB GDC
BHJHK GBB DKDIE CBGHFEB IDK GFE
BHKIB DHD DKGEG CBGEBGF IEI GGH
BIBIC GBB EBBEG CBFICDE IHI GHK
BICID GBB EBFFJ CBCFEEK III GKH
BIDIE EBFFJ KIIEHG JC HDF
BIEIF EBFFJ KIEFCE JDK HFI
BIFIG EHGEJ KGIBJI JFC HHE
BIGIH EGKKE KIEKBB JFI HHK
BII EHFGB CCBGGHC JHD HJH

İȪǔ¢ȡȡȡİȪǒȡ ȯÛġ@
]Ǔ[[DBIIȡEB¡ȡ ȡǕȡǒH¡ȡ Ȳ èȡȣàȡEH¡ȡ ȡǒȡ ȯÛġȡǗ[ ĤȡǓ¢ȡ¡ǽ Ûȡȡ¡ȯȪ@
Ȱǔ¢ ğȡ àǔÛèȡȢ¡¡ǽȯ ǒƭȡ ȡȪÛȶȡȱǒƭȡȪãȯȡ[¡ǽǐ¡ȯ ȡȯ ]ȡ]Ǔ[[ȪǕȡȡ
ȡǕȡǒ[GJȡȡǒȡ ȯÛġȡ¢ȡ¡ǽÛfȪ Ȳ èȡ[GCGȡȡǒȡ ȯÛġȡ¢ȡ¡ǽfȪȡ_Û@
122
\Ǖ ǗȢCD
ȢCD
CDD
D]Ǔ[
]Ǔ[[
ȡǒƭȡȡȡğȡğȡ¡ǽȡ_`ÞȡğǙ
ȡǒƭȡȡȡğȡğȡ¡ǽȡ_`ÞȡğǙǔƣ àÛȢǒ
ȡȡǔÛ
Ǔ Ȳ ǒĐȡȡ ȯǽ¡ȡȡ Ȱǒ
ǒƭȡȸȪ ÌÉȡ
ȡğȡȡğǙƣȢ
¢ȡCJȡ[ȣÜȡȯ ȯ
Ȱ]ȡ Ȣ
ǓȡğǙƣȢ
¢ȡCJ
Ȱ]Ǔ
]ȡǗ¡ȡ\Úǔ¢ Ǖ¡
DDȡǓȡ ȢȡÛǙ Ǘ¡ǕƠȰȡȡȣ¡Ǔȡ

ǽȡȡ ÛǓ ȯȡǒƭȡȸȡȡǓȡğǙǔƣ
\ȡǍȡğǙǔƣ
¢ȡCCD]ȡ Ȣ
\ȡȲȡğǙǔƣ
¢ȡCCDȰ]ȡ Ȣ ƮÛƮȢǓ
ƮÛƮǒǓȡğǙǔƣȰ\ȡ Ȣ ¡ȣȡ
ȪȡȪȣ
ǕƠà¡ȣǒ¡ȡȣȡğȡȡ ǒȡğȡȡ ȡ[ǓǓȢ ȡȯȡȣȡ ʶȡǓǕȡǒƭȡȡ
ǒǏǔ¢
\ÚǒƭȡȸȡȡǓȡğǙǓ
Hȡ]ȡ Ȣǒ¡ȡȣ]ȡǓ \Ǔ ȢȡÛǙ ǕȡȡȡǓ
ȡ¡ȯȡ
ʶȡǓ]ȡǓ ȡȡǓȡ¡ǽȡ_]ȡǓ ȡğǙǔƣ ȡȡǓȡȡȡĮǓȪȡǓ
ȡğǙǔƣ
]ȡ ȢȰǔ¢ĤÛȡȡǓȡğǙǓ
ǕƠà¡ȣȡȡǓȡğǙǔƣ
Ȱ]ȡ Ȣ èȡȢ¡ȡ

¡èȡÛ
¡ȣȡȪȡȡȣ¡ǽȡȡǓȡğǙǔƣ
fȪ
¢ȡKCBȡ\ÚǓȡȡȡğȡȡğ¡ǽȡ_ǒǏǔ¢ȡğǙǔƣ
Pro-Poor Target

Scholarship
¢ȡCCCDȡǒ£ȡǒȡ¡ȯȡ\Ûǒ\ÚǓȡȡȡğȡȡğ¡ǽȡ_ǒǏ

ǔ¢ȡğǙǔƣ

¢ȡCCCDȡǒ£ȡǒ\ÚǓȡȡȡğȡȡğ¡ǽȡ^ǒǏǔ¢ȡğǙǔƣ
Pro-

PoorTarget Scholarship
àȡ
İȪǔ¢ȡȡȡİȪǒȡ ȯÛġ@
123
\Ǖ ǗȢCD
ȢCD
CDE
EĤȡǒǓǔ¢ȡȡåȡ ȡǒȡǓȡ[
ĤȡǒǓǔ¢ȡȡåȡ ȡǒȡǓȡ[Đ¡ǽ
]Ǔ[ [
Đ Ȳ
Ȳ ȡ[Đ Ǘ ^ȡ_
DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII
II
C ǓǓ\Ú
]ǒǍ[
ȡ[ ȡ CBJF CCGB KGK CDIE CJGH CIGH CJBH
ĤȡǒǓf f Ȣ
`×ȡ ȡ KBI EID DGE EEH CDGD CDBE
ȡ[ ȡ CDIG CGFK CDBD CIJF DEID FIDB
ǓÜȪȡĤȡğ¡
`×ȡ ȡ HJG GBG ECB FHC IBB CBBC
ȡǕȡǒǒƭȡ[
ȡ[ ȡ DFDC EBHI EEEF DKDJ GBDB CDEDB
ĤȡǒǓf f Ȣ
`×ȡ ȡ CHBE CHBE CIFD CIBB EDBB EFBG
ȡ[ ȡ GBIG CBHKE
ǓÜȪȡĤȡğ¡
`×ȡ ȡ ECDE
ǓȢ¢ȯğ[
ȡ[ ȡ CDJJB CEDGJ CGCHI CJGBB CKBEJ CIDGK
ĤȡǒǓf f Ȣ¡
`×ȡ ȡ FGCF ICFE ICFE JICD CCBFD CEKJC
ȡ[ ȡ CCDFB CDDCC CFFED CFIEE CIDIG CGDHI
ǓÜȪȡĤȡğ¡
`×ȡ ȡ IIID GFFI HKCE IBGI CBIDE CBBBE
D ĤȡǒǓǔ¢ȡ
ĤȡǒǓǔ¢ȡȪǓȯ ǔÈǒèȡ
CȡȪ\ȢȪĤǔ¢ àÛ
]ǒǍ[ ǔ¢ȡǒèȡ ȡ CE CH DG ED FG
124
]Ǔ[ [
Đ Ȳ
Ȳ ȡ[Đ Ǘ ^ȡ_
DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBIE
DBIEIF DBIF
DBIFIG DBIG
DBIGIH DBIH
DBIHII
II
ȡǕȡǒǒƭȡ[ ǔ¢ȡǒèȡ ȡ IE IE IH CJG EKI

ȡȯȡȣ[ ǔ¢ȡǒèȡ ȡ H H H H H
ǓȢ Ȳ èȡ[ ǔ¢ȡǒèȡ ȡ HD FDK FDK
DȪȪ\ǓȪ àÛèȢǙǓǑȯ Ȣǒȡ ȶ ȡ FF CCJ FCD GKH IEK CBJC
E åȡ ȡǒȡǓ ʶȡ
ȪȪ\ǓȪȡǓĤȡ Ȣǒȡ ȶ ȡ ECBB EBHB CBB CDBB CGBIG FDBBB
F ƣ
Ǔȡ[¡ȡğǙǔƣ
ǔ¢[ Ǘ ¡ȡȡǓȡğǙǔƣ ƣ
ĤȡǒǓf f Ȣ¡ ȡğǙǔƣ ȡ
ǓÜȪȡĤȡğ¡ ȡğǙǔƣ ȡ IG IG IG IG IG IG
G ǔ¢[ Ǘ ¡ȡȡǓ
ȡȡǓ
ǓǕãȸǙ ȡğǙǔƣ
ƣ
ĤȡǒǓf f Ȣ¡ ȡğǙǔƣ ȡ JCK JIE KIE CCEG CECB ECEE
ǓÜȪȡĤȡğ¡ ȡğǙǔƣ ȡ CDGC CEIH CEKB CFCD CFGC DBFH
H ĤȡǒǓǔ¢ȡȡǒȯȡğǙǔƣ
ǓÜȪȡ¡ ȡğǙǔƣ ȡ FGE FBB FBB FBB DJB
ĤȡǒǓf f Ȣ¡ ȡğǙǔƣ ȡ DJK DJB
I ȡǕȡǒ ȯ ȡ
ĤȡǒǓf f Ȣ¡ȡȡƻĤȪȡ×\ßȡ ȡ[ Ǖȡȡȡèȡè ȯ ȡ I I I I I I

ȯ ȡ
ĤȡǒǓf f Ȣ¡ȡȡƻĤȪȡ×\ßȡ ȡ[ ǕȡȡǕèȡè ȯ ȡ CC CD CD CD CD K

ȯ ȡ
J Ȣȣ¢fQ ĤȡȢ ĤȡȢ ȡ GGFKC GKKKH CEKFB KGGH FCEHH GEGKC
K ĤȡǒǓĤǔ¢¡ǽȡ_ȡǓ ȡȣ ȡ EEJD EDKH JJE CEEF CFEB DHIC
ǓÜȪȡ¡ȡ ǕàǒǓǔ¢ȡğǙǔƣ ȯ ȡȯǐfȪ
İȪĤǒǓǔ¢ȡȡå ȡǒȡǓǐɮ ȡȪǑȢƠǕ
İȪ @
125
\Ǖ ǗȢCD
ȢCD
CD
ȡÚǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ
ȡÚǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ
ȡÚǓǔ¢ȡȣ¢ȡ

ȡǒȪf
ȡǒȪf f
f Ȣ
Ȣȣ¢ȡ
ȣ¢ȡ
ȣ¢ȡǓǓȣ¢ȡȡ ǔàǓ`ƣȢ[
ǒƭȡȸ¡ǽȪǒ
[ ǔàǓ ÌÉȡ `ƣȢ[ ÌÉȡ `ƣȢ[ĤǓ
DBHB CIGFCJ JCBBJ FHCJ
DBHC DCHEBE JEIFI EJID
DBHD DDGBEC CBFHGE FHGC
DBHE DIFDCB CHBJBD GJHF
DBHF EBIBIJ CKGHJK HEIE
DBHG EFDHED DEFHBD HJFI
DBHH EJGCFH DFIHJK HFEC
DBHI EKIIGK DDBIHH GGGB
DBHJ FCKCDC CKKICF FIHG
DBHK FBEKEH CHIKEG FCGI
DBIB EKFKEE CIEFEH FEKD
DBIC FBGEEJ CKDDHI FIFE
FEIEDH FEEGKC
FFGGHF
DBIF FHEIBB
DBIG FIGBBE
İȪȡǒƶȣ¢ȡȪ[@
Ȱǔ¢ ğDBIDȯ ǔĤȡǒǓȡȰǔ¢ ğȯ ǔ ȡȡ[ȪǓȡ\¢ȡȡȲƨǓȡǕǽȡfȪ@
126
ȢCD
\Ǖ ǗȢ G
CDG
CD ¢ȡ
¢ȡCC
¢ȡ CC
CC CD
CDȡȡǒ[
CD ȡȡǒ[ȣ¢ȡȡ ǔàǓ`ƣȢ[ǒƭȡȸȪ ÌÉȡ
¢ȡCC
¢ȡ CC ¢ȡCD
¢ȡ CD
[ ǔàǓ ÌÉȡ `ƣȢ[ Ì

Éȡ ǔàǓ ÌÉȡ `ƣȢ[ Ì
Éȡ
ȡğ ȡğȡ àȡ ȡğ ȡğȡ àȡ ȡğ ȡğȡ àȡ ȡğ ȡğȡ àȡ
GIDFB FFIKE CBDBEE FIJBE EKFBG JIDBJ

DBHH CEDCGJ CDDHCE DGFIIC KFJCD KDBBG CJHJCI

HGGKG GCFEE CCIBDJ GGBGJ FGIJJ CBBJFH

DBHI CGGKJK CFDBHD DKJBGC CCIBKE CCDHGD DDKICG

HFKBJ GCGBJ CCGKDD HIBBG GJGCJ CDGGDE

DBHJ CHCKJF CFCJIB EBEJGF CEGBJI CDJJKD DHEKIK

HDCHE GCIKB CCEKGE HBEGJ GBHBJ CCBKHH

DBHK CGCDEE CEFBFF DJGDII CEGHHF CDHCCD DHCIIH

GJGKH FHIJI CBGEJE GKECC FKKIC CCCEGF

DBIB CEKJJG CDFJHH DHFIGC CDJDJJ CCJIKH DGCFCG

GJECG FJDBD CBHGCI GDKGC FIHIK CBBHEB

DBIC CDCBEG CBFEEJ DDGEIE CCHGJC CCCHFE DDJDDF

JDJFD JKKFG CHEJFI JDJCE HCKIK CEKGHD

DBID CJGHFF CJIJFH EIEFKB DDEGBE CHBCJG EJEHJJ

ICCGH HFKEI CEHBKE GKBGH GGCBK CCFCHG

DBIE CEJFEB CDIKCF DHHEFF CCBGIJ CBHBBB DCHCKJ

HDCHK GGCGJ CCIEDI

CHEKHH CJEIJD EFIIFJ CDBGBB CCIBJC DEIGJC

DBIG CHCIBB CICCKC EEDJKC CEKIFE CGKKED DKKHIG
DBIH CIBDII CIKEDH EFKHBE CEJIII CGEEIH DKDCGE
İȪȬȡǒƶȣ¢ȡȪ[@ Ȱǔ¢ ğȯ ǔ¢ȡȰǔ¢ ğȯ ǔ¢ȡȪǓȡ\¢ȡȲƨǓȡĤȡ[ǕǽfȪ@
127
ȢCD
\Ǖ ǗȢ ]ȡǗ
CDH
CD ]ȡǗȡÚǓǒƭȡȡǒƭȡȸȪ ÌÉȡ
ǒƭȡȸ ÌÉȡ¡ȡȡ
]ȡǗ¡
¡
CG ]ȡǗ¡
¡
HJ ȡÚǓ
ȡÚǓ
KCB
CB ȡÚǓ
ȡÚǓ

CD
CD
Ȱǔ¢ ğ
ǒƭȡ ǒƭȡȸ ǒƭȡ ǒƭȡȸ ǒƭȡ ǒƭȡȸ ǒƭȡ ǒƭȡȸ
ǒƭȡȸ
DBHB DIDHJ FBDG JDFK CDCB FIFC GCC
DBHC DFIFH FBEB IFEH CFFG FGFI GJJ
DBHD DIGDG FGBD JFIC CEIG GBEK GJI
DBHE DIKBC FGCG JJJB CEBC GEDK HIK
DBHF DKDDB FFCK KIEK CFFF GJKF HIC
DBHG EBKDF FIJD CBHEH CFHI HGCH ICG
DBHH ECHGG FKBC CCEFC CHBF HKDJ IKB
DBHI EDHJF FKGD CCKEK CIBB IGGK JCD
DBHI EDHJF FKGD CCKEK CIBB IGGK JCD
DBHJ EEJJC FIJE CEIKC CJCE JDEE JFK EEJE GHJ
DBHK EFDKJ FGII CFFFI CJDE JFCH JIJ EGKH GFI
DBIB EFIFE FFBD CFJHI CJDJ JIDH JKI EGKH GCH
DBIC EFEEG FEEG CFKGD CJEG JJDG KBC EHGK FGF
DBID EFEHD FDHG CGBKC CJHE JKHJ KEK EHHK IGI
DBIE EFIEH FCEG CGCIB CJGK KBJF KGK EIHC FJE
DBIF EGDCC EKIB CGHED CJHI KCIC KIC EIJC GJF
DBIG EFJFG EIEB CHBHE CJDG KKBG CBDI EJBH HED
DBIH EGBHE EGFF CHIIB CIIG CBHFF CBFC FCJI HHD
İȪǔ¢ȡǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓÛğȡ@ȡÚǓ
Ȫǒƭȡȸ Ȳ Éȡȣ¢ȡȡ ǔàǓ Ȳ Éȡȡğ¡Ȫ@
128
ȢCD
\Ǖ ǗȢ CDI
CD ǒǓǏ¡ǒȡ\Úȡ[
ǒǓǏ¡ǒȡ\Úȡ[ȪfȡǒƭȡȸȪ ÌÉȡ
]Ǔ[[
ǒ ȯ
DBIC
DBICID DBIH
DBIHII
II
fǒǒf DDG CKH DBE CHK CIB EGH ȯȡ
ǒǓf GF FE FE GB FH KG ȯȡ
ǒfff J Ͳ J CD B ED ȯȡ
ǒf CD CJ DC CG DG CCH ȯȡ
ǒǒf F J K CG CF FG ȯȡ
Ȣȡ[ CK CC CH CK DC FH ȯȡ
ǒfè Ȣȯ èĚȣ G G G G G CB ȯȡ
ǒfè ȢǓ [Ǎ DF DC DC EF EH CBB ȯȡ
ǒf]^ȣ Ͳ D E B B J ȯȡ
ǒffȣ Ͳ H G CB CB CI ȯȡ
ǒ\Ü I ȯȡ
ÝǗ D ȯȡ
ǒff fȢ F ȯȡ
ǒf ȢfȢ EE ȯȡ
ff Ȣȯ èĚȣ Ͳ D B B ȯȡ
fǒǒf CG CB CK CB CB K ǒȯ
ǒǓf C Ͳ C C C C ǒȯ
Ǔȡ[ Ͳ F D B B ǒȯ
ǒǔȯǓǓ Ͳ CB B ǒȯ
Ǔ͘fè Ȣ^ǔÛǓǐ Ͳ J C H ǒȯ
ǒfȢ Ͳ Ͳ F G J G ǒȯ
Ǔ͘ȡ[ Ͳ D B ǒȯ
^ǔÛȣèȡƣȪƣ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ DG DH DE ǒȯ
èȡȪƣfȢȣ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ C ǒȯ
ǒ£ȡèȡƣȪƣ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ F C ǒȯ
Ǚǒȡȡȣǒ£ȡèȡƣȪƣ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ H C ǒȯ
ȡ^ĐȪȡȪȪȢèȡƣȪƣ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ C Ͳ ǒȯ
ȡȪȯ ÈȪȪȢèȡƣȪƣ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ D Ͳ ǒȯ
ǔȪȪȢèȡƣȪƣ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ D Ͳ ǒȯ
\Ûȡ[ǒƶ àÛèȡƣȪƣ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ Ͳ C Ͳ ǒȯ
Ǔȡȶ Ȣ J E B ǒȯ
àȡ EHI EEB EIJ EJF EKF KCD
İȪǔ¢ȡǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓÛğȡ@ ȡǕ àȪ@
129
ȢCD
\Ǖ ǗȢ J
CDJ
CD ǒǓǏǒƳǒƭȡ\Û[
ǒǓǏǒƳǒƭȡ\Û[ȡÈȡà ¡Ǿȡǒƭȡȸ ÌÉȡ
ǒƭȡȸ Ȳ Éȡ
Èȡà ¡ǽ
ǒƳǒƭȡ ]Ǔ[[DBI
DBII ]Ǔ[[DBI
DBII DBI
]Ǔ[[DBI I
Ȳ àÛ àÛ àÛ àÛ

]ǒǍ ]ǒǍ àȡ ]ǒǍ àȡ ]ǒǍ àȡ
ĤȡƯ ĤȡƯ ĤȡƯ ĤȡƯ
Ǔğ ǕǒƳǒƭȡ HD CBJG CEJGDC DDJKBH EHIFDI CFHGCE DFGJJI EKDFBB
ȡȡȫǒƳǒƭȡ I CG IBKG KKID CIBHI JCDH CBCDI CJDGE
Ǘȡ[ʶǒƳǒƭȡ J CCG CDGB DHBDC DIDIC CHJK DHIEE DJFDD
ȯȡ Ȳ èǙǒƳǒƭȡ CF CC ECHE GHJ EIEC DKJG IJB EIHG
ȪȡǒƳǒƭȡ K GJ CKJC DFIEH DHICI DBJB DIEFG DKFDG
ǕǔàȢȫƨǒƳǒƭȡ C G CKG EEE GDJ EBI FBI ICF
Ǚǒȡǒ£ȡ
C DBGH DBGH EBDB EBKC
ǒƳǒƭȡ
ǕǕ ǔƱȡʶǒƳǒƭȡ CG EKKC EKKC FEKG FEKG

]Å^YlĲ]k¼Ialdĵldīka^ CH DJDK DJIG ECKB EDHJ
ǕȡǒƳǒƭȡ
ȡǒ[ǒƳǒƭȡ
ǒȢȪ^ȡȡèȡèØǒ£ȡ
C EEC EEC EGE EGE
ĤǓƵȡ
ȡ[ȣèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ C i DDB DDB DJH DJH
ǔǔ× ȡǒ£ȡȡǒƶĤǓƵȡ C FCB FCB CCEH CCEH
ȡèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ C FHJ HEB
ȪȡèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ C
ȡƯȢèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ C
àȡ FGEBKD FJHHDE
İȪǔ¢ȡǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓÛğȡ@
130
ȢCD
\Ǖ ǗȢ CDK
CD ]Ǔ[
]Ǔ[[DBI
DBIIȡǒƳǒƭȡȡǒǓÛ¡ȡ\Úǒƭȡȸ ÌÉȡ
`×ȡǒ
Ȳ Éȡȡ
ǕǔàȢ
¡ ǒ Ǔğ Ǖ ȡȡɋ Ǘȡ[ʶ Ȫȡ ÚǔƱȡʶ ȯȡ Ȳ èǙ Ǖ
ȫƨ
ȡ[ FJI JB CC DHD JFB
Ĥȡğ
`×ȡ FEI JB C CCE HEC
ȡ[ EGIHGG CHBKG FBJEF DIDBI CIB FEGF CECJ FFIHEE

èȡ
`×ȡ FKHDG DEEF FEDE EKBG EB HDE HGG HCFKG
ȡ[ GBICJ CGDK GEGH EFHF EJI CEHI DGK HEBJB
èȡȪƣ
`×ȡ DBDCB FHB JGE JJC CGB FBC ED DDKJI
ȡ[ B KF G DB B CCK
ǒǔȢ
`×ȡ B ED G H B FE
ȡ[ HBC GCK GI B B CCII
fǒ
`×ȡ CJF IC FB B B DKG
ȡ[ KCE CCK CH CDG CGI CEEB
ǒfȢ
`×ȡ CBG CK B H DI CGI
ȡ[ GCBJ B B KFF HBGD
\Û
`×ȡ B B CJB CJB
ȡ[ FCGFJD CJFEH FHCKB EBIFK ICE GIDC DKFB GDBDEC
Ǖ
`×ȡ IBGHC DKKH GCIH FJEC CKE CBDF CBBI JGIJJ
Ǚǒ[ȡǒƳǒƭȡ
\Ú EJIC
ǕǕ ǔƱȡʶǒƳǒƭȡ
\Ú CBCCE
ǕȡǒƳǒƭȡ HJB
ȡǒ[ǒƳǒƭȡ CKC
ȢȢȪ^ȡȡèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ
\Ú KKJ
ȡ[ȣèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ EII
ǔǒ× ȡǒ£ȡȡǒƶĤǓƵȡ
\Ú CCDF
ȡèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ
\Ú IFJ
ȪȡèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ
\Ú B
ȡƯȢèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ
\Ú B
àȡ\Ú GEJEEE
131
\Ǖ ǗȢCD
ȢCD
CDCB
CB`Íǔ¢ȡȡ\Úȶ
`Íǔ¢ȡȡ\Úȶǒƭȡȸ ÌÉȡ
]Ǔ[[
\Ú Ȳ èȡ
ȡ Ȳ ȡ
DBHF
DBHFHG DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK DBIBIC DBIC
DBHKIB DBIB DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBI
DBIIF DBI
DBII
ǓğǕǒƳǒƭȡ
C ^ǔÛǐǐǍ GBCI GGCE GEHJ GGJB GIGD CEDBI CDEGE EEEJ
D ǙǒǕǒ£ȡ JCI JHB CCJC CDBC CBKD CFGE CFID DDCD
E ǔǒ× ȡȡƸ CJJJ CKGG CKFG CKKE DCEH ICDJ GFDC CDKC
F ǒ£ȡ FJD FJF GDB FKB HEH IDF HHH CBHB
G ǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓ CGDDK CIBHH CGBCH CCBCH CDJGC DCIII CHDGC CHECG DGKIB
ĤȡǒǓȪàȡ DEFEE DGJIJ DFBEB DBDJB DDFHI FFDJK EHCHE DFDCH
H ȡǗ Ȳ ȡ CHBK DEFI DGJE DCEF EEKC GGCG DDEG HFBH
I åèȡ Ȳ ȡ FFJGF EKCKF FGKFC DIHJH EDDBB CKJBJJ CEBJFE CEBCHC
J ǔ¢ȡȡƸ Ȳ ȡ FDDBF FEGBJ GFJDJ EBCGC FKBGH DFIECH CIBBKI KBCEB
K ȡǒȧ ȡȡǔȡƸ Ȳ ȡ GKGDC HBHHI GKFKJ EHBDK EHIJG CBKDDK HHBBE FJBII
ȡȡȪàȡ CFJCJJ CFGICH CHDJGB KHBBB CDCFED GHBCFJ EHKCIJ DIFIIF
]ȲǓ[Ȫàȡ DDKKFI DIEEFK CFCCJC CBFCJJ CFDDKE
Ǖ àȡ CICHDC CICGKF CJHJJB CCHDJB EIEJFH HBFFEI FBGEFC DKJKKB EHBDGF EHIFDI EKDFBB
ȯȡ Ȳ èǙ ǒƳǒƭȡ EEEK GFFH GFEH EIID FBEK EJHD EFCD
ȡȡɋǒƳǒƭȡ
C èǗ\ ȡ^Û HIH HKI HHE JDK KHG CBHB CCKF
D èǗ\^ǔʷǓǐ GHK HED JJF CBGJ CCFB CCJD CDBJ
E èǗ\ȯȯÏȯÖ CEBG CEGG CDJI CIHB CJDG CKHG DCEH
F èǗ\fǕȯ EJI EJC EEH FJJ GGH HJH IHI
G èǗ\][ Q IDG IDJ HJI KCE KHK CBKC CCHJ
H èǗ\ȯǓ ȡ^Û FFHB FKFF FGDD HDHD IJJD JIDG KEEH
I ȡǕ FE
àȡ JCDD JIEI JEIK CCDBB CCECB CEEEI CFIBK CGJGD CHHFF
132
]Ǔ[[
\Ú Ȳ èȡ
ȡ Ȳ ȡ
DBHF
DBHFHG DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBIDIE DBI
DBIIF DBI
DBII
Ǘ ȡ[ʶǒƳǒƭȡ
C ȡǒȧ CDDJ ICK IDJ IDJ IGC IFH HHE GKC
D åèȡ FBDH FBIJ HGIK HGIK IKFI JFCE JFFI IKKH
E ǔ¢ȡȡƸ EBCE EFHK GKGG GKGG HKHI GIJH FHKD EGFH
F ǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓ
^ǔÛǓǐǍ ǒ¡ FGIG FHFH GIGK GIGK HBGF HDBB CIBG CEHD
G ȡǗ EII EFE HKD HKD JDD IKK IJH JCB
H Ǚǒ FDC IGG
I ȯǓ
Ǔ [Ǎǒǒf CHGK DDJH KKIJ KKIJ FFDH EIIH EIHE FHBE
àȡ CFJIJ CGGFC DKHKC DKHKC DHKHI DGIDB DBFII CKHHE DFGCC
ȪȡǒƳǒƭȡ
C ǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓ
^ǔÛǓǐǍ CIDI EFCH GBDI HEGH IEGG KKGJ KKGJ CBCGG
D åèȡ EIDD FCDI JBEB CBBKI CDHIF CGBFE CGBFJ CGBEI
E èȡèØǒ£ȡ
F ȡǒȧ ȡȡǔȡƸ CDB KG CCIF DCE DBB DJC DJF EEK
àȡ GGHK IHEJ CECIC CHHHH DBDDK DGDJD DGDKB DGGEC DHBEF
ǕǔàǓȫƨǒƳǒƭȡ CI CI CCH DGH DCG
ȢȢ
Ȣ ȢèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ CCKD CCGG CCGG CFEG EGC
Ȣ\èȡ
Ȣ\èȡ DBE DBE DKJ FHG GFH
ȡèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ HB HG HB DFC DKG
ȡ[ȣèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ
ȪȡèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ
ȡƯȢèȡèØǒ£ȡĤǓƵȡ
133
]Ǔ[[
\Ú Ȳ èȡ
ȡ Ȳ ȡ
DBHF
DBHFHG DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBIDIE DBI
DBIIF DBI
DBII
ÚǔƱȡʶǒƳǒƭȡ
ȡǒȧ ȡȡǔȡƸ
åèȡ
ǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓ DFID CKFF DGDD
^ǔÛǓǐǍ
ǔ¢ȡȡƸ
ȡǕ
àȡ DFID CKFF DGDD
ǙǒȡǒƳǒƭȡ CJB FFH CGHG
I ǕǕ ǔƱȡʶǒƳǒƭȡ KGC DFHC CJDK
ȡǒȧ ȡȡƸ
åèȡ
ǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓ
^ǔÛǓǐǍ
ǔ¢ȡȡƸ
Ǚǒ
àȡ
W
ǕȡǒƳǒƭȡ
ȡȡǔȡƸȡǔ¢ȡ ȡ
ǒ£ȡèȡèØȡĤǒǓ ȡ
åèȡȡȡǗ ȡ
àȡ
\ ȡǒ[ǒƳǒƭȡ JB
àȡ

Ǖàȡ
DBEGDK DBJKGH DFEGGI CIKDJF FEIGHF HIJBFI FJBJKC EIFHFI FFCFHC
134
\Ǖ ǗȢCD
ȢCD CCǓğ
CDCC
\Ú\Ǖ Ûȡ
Ûȡ\Ûȯ ]Ǔ[ [
ȡ[Đ Ǘ
DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBI
DBI IF DBI
DBI I
C ^ǔÛǓǐȲ
^ǔÛǓǐȲ \Ú Ȳ èȡ

Ĥȡğ DHEJ EJGB FHE HDF GGF HGB

èȡ GDBJ JJED CBGE CBDD CBJK CHGG CKDF

èȡȪƣ CIK EGI CCK CEB CCE CJC CHB

ǒfȢ F F
àȡ JBDG CEBEK CHEG CIIH CIGH DFKB DBJJ
D
Ǚ ǒǕ ǒ£ȡ\Ú Ȳ èȡ

Ĥȡğ

èȡ CDF CDG CDJ CID DKD CFF CJE

èȡȪƣ GI IC JC JC KI CCH JC

ǒfȢ D D E G
àȡ CJC CKH DBK DGG EKC DHE DHK
E ǔǒ× ȡȡƸ\Ú Ȳ
ǔǒ× ȡȡƸ\Ú Ȳ èȡ

Ǔàè FC

Ĥȡğ DJK GKJ EBE EBE DHE DJK DJH

èȡ CJD CIG FJC FBB KDB JKB JFH

èȡȪƣ CBK CIB CHF CDJ CGE CJJ

fǒ B C C E

ǒfȢ
àȡ GJB KJG KCH JHI CECC CEED CEDE
ȡǓȡCD
ȡǓȡ CD
CDCC
CCǒ£ȡ\Ú Ȳ
ǒ£ȡ\Ú Ȳ èȡ

Ĥȡğ IF JD IK JI GC

èȡ GK JD JG GH KH JF CDD

èȡȪƣ CD DD DF DK DH FC CB

ǒfȢ D D C
àȡ CFG CJH CJJ CIF CDF CIH CEE
G ǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓ\Ú Ȳ
ǒ£ȡȡĤǒǓ\Ú Ȳ èȡ
135
\Ǖ ǗȢCD
ȢCD CCǓğ
CDCC
\Ú\Ǖ Ûȡ
Ûȡ\Ûȯ ]Ǔ[ [
ȡ[Đ Ǘ
DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBI
DBI IF DBI
DBI I

Ĥȡğ CIGK CKIC CHIF CIJC KDK

èȡ CEBG CKIC DEEI DGED DKFI DFDK EJHK

èȡȪƣ EII GIG HKD IHF KKE CCJE CDBH

fǒ

ǒfȢ H I CB F E CC
àȡ EFFI FGDF FICE GBJC FJHK EHCG GBJH
H ȡǗ
ȡǗ Ȳ ȡ

Ĥȡğ B DG DK

èȡ EDK DGG DCG DDE FII FFG GDE

èȡȪƣ FC ED EB DE FI EG FH

ǒfȢ D C C E C
àȡ EID ECE DFH DFH GDF FJE GIB JFI CCBJ CEGB
I åèȡ Ȳ
åèȡ Ȳ ȡ

Ĥȡğ EFCG EIEK CIBE CEJH CGBF

èȡ HCJI KEDH JHGD CFDIH CFKIH CCGIH CEEHK

èȡȪƣ CCCB DEHB DHIH CDJJ FBBF DJIG DHBC

fǒ DC EB DE CH DJ GD CB

ǒfȢ F I H F I G G
àȡ CBIEI CGFHD CEBHB CHKIB DBGCK CFGBJ CGKJG DIDIH CJCGE DDIDI
J ǔ¢ȡȡƸ Ȳ
ǔ¢ȡȡƸ Ȳ ȡ

Ĥȡğ ECGG EDFK DJGK EIKE DIKJ

èȡ GFGG CDCKE CEBJK DDFDI DCBIE CHIBJ DBKFC

èȡȪƣ FDD CCGC CFII CKEC GDID EGDK EHKK

fǒ I K K CC CD DF K

ǒfȢ F D E F D D H
àȡ KBFE CHHBF CIFEI DJCHH DKCGI DBDHE DFHGG ECFBK DHEKB DFIBE
K ȡǒȧ ȡȡȡƸ Ȳ
ȡǒȧ ȡȡȡƸ Ȳ ȡ
136
\Ǖ ǗȢCD
ȢCD CCǓğ
CDCC
\Ú\Ǖ Ûȡ
Ûȡ\Ûȯ ]Ǔ[ [
ȡ[Đ Ǘ
DBHG
DBHGHH DBHH
DBHHHI DBHI
DBHIHJ DBHJ
DBHJHK DBHK
DBHKIB DBIB
DBIBIC DBIC
DBICID DBID
DBIDIE DBI
DBI IF DBI
DBI I

\Û CKDC HGE ED

Ĥȡğ GKCK HDEK FHGF GHKI FHGF

èȡ GJKC ICHB HGCG KHBG JFKC HGFI IGGJ

èȡȪƣ CKBK EHDB EDJE DEHC HFIC FEEI FCHD

fǒ B CB KC HF

ǒfȢ EI ED FB ED FG FE
CB\Û DFH
àȡ CGHII CIICF CFFKD CIHKG CKHCH CCBGD CDBIE CGJIC CEDEH CFDDE
Ǘ `×ȡ FJDBI HKBDE GDJKH ICDEB IJDHI GFCJD HDFDJ JEFDJ HJGIG IFIJJ
137
\Ǖ ǗȢCD
ȢCD
CDCD
CDĤǕ
ĤǕèȡèØ Ǘ`ǔÞ
`åȢ
¡Įȡåȣǒȡ Ǘ ȡȲ ^ȡ^
CKKC CKKH DBBC DBBH DBBK DBCC DBCG DBCH DBCI DBCJ DBCK
ȡǙǙ×Ǖ ĤǓȡ GEK GFE FCG DJC DDK DGB CKB DEK DEK DEK DEK
ǗĤQĤǓǒ¡ȡ ȡ GE FH FC EC DH DE D D D
ǐȡ ǓȪ ȡ ĤȪ

ĤǓ DF DH EG FF FG FE FE FE FF FB FB
PHWKRGV
ȡȲ[ǕǓȪȡǙ×ǕĤǓ¡ȡ ȡ CGJ CCJ KC HC GB GF EJ EK EE ED ED
ǔǕǙ×ǕĤǓ¡ȡ ȡ CBH IJ HF FJ FC FH EE ED DJ DI DI
ȡǔǕǙ×ǕĤǓ¡ȡ ȡ GB EK EE DB EE DE DC DC DB DB
C [ ǕǓȡ ȡȡǓȡȡ_ ȡǕȡ ǒǽƨ
ĤǓ FD IC JG JH JG II JF JC JF
Ǒ_fȪȪȪ\Ǖȡ
ȡȱf]^Ȣ Ȳ Đȡ Ȳ Éȡ ȡ CFJB DCIG CIJC DCBC
[Ȣǒ¡ȡ¡ǾÚȯ ȯȡȡfȪ ĤǓ DG EI EH GJ FJ
ȡȱȣȢ
ƣȡȡȯȪ Ȳ Éȡ
ĤǓȡ GD HB HK HF GB
1RWLILFDWLRQUDWH
ȡȱȣȢƣȡȡȯȡǒȡȢÚȯ`ȡ
ĤǓ IK JK JK JJ JK KD KB KB IH
ǓǓȪfȪ
ȡǒ[kȪȪƣȡȡȯȪàȡ Ȳ Éȡ ȡ CEGD KKC CCDJ CCJI CBHG
¢Ĥ ǕǓȡ[Ȫ ¡Ȫȡ Ǖ×ȣfȡ ĤǓ I CC CK EH GC GF GD GD HB
138
\Ǖ ǗȢCD
ȢCD
CDCE
CEĤQ
ĤQèȡèØȪǒ
Ǘ fȡ^ DBIBIC DBICID DBIDIE DBIEIF DBIFIG DBIGIH DBIHII
ǐȡǓȪȪȡȱĤȪȡ[
\èȡ_
ȡ HDEJGI HHJIII HKHGJE IIDJIK IECBEG IGEJCJ FECEBB
ȡ
ǐȡǓȪȪȡȱĤȪȡ[
èȡ_
ȡ EKDCE EBIDJ IDFKHF EBDEE DGKCJ DHKJI CFECG
ÛÚȡ
ǐȡǓȪȪȡȡĤȪȡ[ ȡ DGCFBFF DGDIEJB DHFBIJD DIBIGGE DFKDCKF CGBEJEH IICEII
Ǖ
[ ¢ȯğȡǒȡǕƠĤ Ǘ Ǔ ȯȡȡȡǓ
ȡ CKF GI J CH H DH
ĤȯǐfȪ
ȫȪ[Ȣȡȱȯ ȡ[Ȣǒ¡ȡ ȡ EJJDEK ECJKEB EDIJCJ EEKCFI EDBHFE EHBFKI DDDJFG
[Ȣ`×ĤȯȡĤȡƯȶǒ¡ȡȪ Ȳ Éȡ CIGIED CHCFKG CDEBEC CBHIGJ CFGFIE CBFEFI
]ȡ Ǖ¢ȡ[ĐȡǓȬǕãĤ ǕǓ ȯȡ
ȡ ICJJFB GEGBBJ FFJCIG ECDFKF FIHBDC DKFGBG
Ĥȡ
Ǖ×ȯȣ ȯȡĤȡ ȡ EKDDKD DKFDHJ EFIFFJ EDJEKJ EEBFFJ EKGKDG DCIFEG
ȫǓ Ȱ Öȡ\×ȡæĤ ǕǓ ȯȡĤȡ
ȡ GH HD HK IE IF II II
ǐfȡǔãȡ¡Ǿ
ȡȯ èȯȪȪèĐȧǓȲ ȡǐȲ ȯ ȣ
ȡ KGB KBB CFJEK CFHBB CKKDG DKJKI CCHCI
ȡ`ȯ\Ĥȯ Ǖ
[ ȶȪȡȶ
ȡȯ èȯȪȪ`ȡȡ\ȯ ȡ FFFG CBBE CHJC DBGH CEBJ DHI DII
İȪèȡèØȡ Ȳ ÉȡÛğȡDBIH
Ĥ]ǒ¡ȡȪ@
139
Ȣ
\Ǖ ǗȢ

Ǖ
Ǖ àȡȯȡȯǓf ȪǓ ȡȡ[fȡǒȯ£ǔǒ× ¡ǽȪǒ
ȡȯ
ȡȯ ǔ

Ǖ
Ǖ à Ǖ àȪ ÌÉȡ Ǖ
Ǖ à
Đ Ȳ ǒȡ
ǒȡǒǔƴ¢ȯğ
ǒ
Ǖǽ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ Ǖǽ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ Ǖǽ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ

$QDHVWKHVLRORJ\
$QDWRP\
%LRFKHPLVWU\
&DUGLFVXUJHU\
&DUGLRORJ\
&OLQLFDO*HQHWLF
&OLQLFDO3DWKRORJ\
&RPPXQLW\0HGLFLQH 3XEOLF

+HDOWK
&RQVHUYDWLYH'ZQWLVWU\

HQGRGRQWLFV
&ULWLFDO&DUH0HGLFLQH
&WYV
'HUPDWRORJ\ YHQHURORJ\
(17
(PHUJHQF\PHGLFLQH
(QGLRFULQRORJ\
)RUHQVLF0HGLFLQH
*DVWURHQWHURORJ\
*HQHUDO3UDFWLFH
*HULDWULF0HGLFLQH
+HSDWRELODU\VXUJHU\
+DHPDWRORJ\
,QWHUQDO0HGLFLQH
0'6
06JHQHUDOVXUJHU\
0LFURELRORJ\
1HSKURORJ\
1HXURORJ\
1HXURVXUJHU\
1XFOHDU0HGLFLQH
2EVW J\QH
2SKWKDOPRORJ\
140
ȡȯ
ȡȯ ǔ

Ǖ
Ǖ à Ǖ àȪ ÌÉȡ Ǖ
Ǖ à
Đ Ȳ ǒȡ
ǒȡǒǔƴ¢ȯğ
ǒ
Ǖǽ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ Ǖǽ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ Ǖǽ ǒ¡ȡ àȡ

2UDO 0D[LOORIDFLDOVXUJHU\
2UDO0HGLFLQHDQG5DGLRORJ\
2UDO3DWKRORJ\
2UDO6FLHQFH
2UWKRGRQWLFV
2UWKRSDHGLF
3HGLDWULFV6XUJHU\
3HGLDWULFV
3HGRGRQWLFV
3HULRGRQWLFV
3KDUPDFRORJ\
3K\VLRORJ\
3ODVWLFVXUJHU\
3URVWKRGRQWLFV
3V\FKLDWU\
5DGLRWKHUDS\
5DGLRORJ\ ,PDJLQJ
5KHXPDWRORJ\
6XUJLFDO2QFRORJ\
7% 5HVSLUDWRU\

7UDQVIXVLRQPHGLFLQH

WLVVXHW\S\LQJ
8URORJ\
3K\VLFDO0HGLFLQHDQG

5HKDELOLWDWLRQ
+RVSLWDO$GPLQLWUDWLRQ
7URSLFDO0HGLFLQH
3HGLDWULFV1HSKURORJ\
1HRQDWRORJ\
3XEOLF+HDOWK'HQVWU\
&RPPXQLW\'HQVWU\
3HGLDWULF+HPDWRORJ\2QFRORJ\
*D\VWUR6XUJHU\
2QFRORJ\
àȡ
İȪȬèȡèØȡ Ȳ ÉȡÛğȡ@
141
\Ǖ ǗȢ
Ȣ ]ȡǗȡȯȡȢȡ ȡ^ȱȪ¡Ǖȱ

]ȡǗ
]ȡǗȡȯȡȢȡ¡ǕȲ ]ȡǗ ȡ_ȡ
Đ Ȳ ]Ǔ[[

ĤǓ
ĤǓ ¡Ǖȱ
ĤǓ
ĤǓ
DBHHHI JBF FHC
DBHIHJ JGJ HCB
DBHJHK JDF FGK
DBHKIB JDK HFE
DBIBIC JEH IBE
DBICID JHG JDB
DBIDIE JIB JIC
DBIEIF JIF KHH
DBIFIG JJB KJH
DBIGIH JKB KKI
DBIHII KBB CBBB
İȪȬȡȯȡȢȡ ȡ^ȱ Ûğȡ@
]Ǔ[[ȡǕ àȪ@
142
ȢC
\Ǖ ǗȢ C ǔãȡǽȡǓȢ]ȡ \Ǖ

ȪİȪǒèȡȪ
\Ǖȡ àȫȡ ȪİȪǒèȡ ȪİȪǒèȡĤȡƯ ȯİȪǒèȡ ǕƠȡȢȪ ȯİȪǒèȡȪȡǓ ȯİȪǒèȡĤȡƯ Ǔȡ[ȡ[Ǖǽfȡ
àȡȡĒȡ¡ȣ Ǔȡ[ȡ[Ǖǽ ȡǓĤȡǔ
Ǔ Ȳ ǔãȡ àǏfȡ Ĥǒèȡǒ ǕƠȡȢȪȡǓ ȶȡĒȡ¡ȣȪ ȡǓǓȯǑȯȪ Ĥȡǔfȡ ȶȡĒȡ¡ȣȪ Úȯ àǏfȡ
ÌÉȡ fȡ ÌÉȡ fȡȡĒȡ¡ȣȪ
ȡĒȡ¡ȣ ÌÉȡ ǓȯǑȯȪ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ȡĒȡ¡ȣȪ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
\ȡ[ȡȢ
ȡÊǕ
ȪǕ
ǔ
Ǖȡ
ǕãȢ
ȡèȧ
Ȫȡ
Ǖ
àȡÊȣ
ȡ Ȣ
ȡãȡ
[
Ȳ
Ǖ ȡ ȡ
ȪǕàǕ Ǖ
èȡÌȡ
¡Ǖȱ
CIǔãȡàȡ
CI ǔãȡàȡ
143
ȢC
\Ǖ ǗȢ C ǔãȡǽȡǓȢ]ȡ \Ǖ

ȪİȪǒèȡȪ
\Ǖȡ àȫȡ ȪİȪǒèȡ ȪİȪǒèȡĤȡƯ ȯİȪǒèȡ ǕƠȡȢȪ ȯİȪǒèȡȪȡǓ ȯİȪǒèȡĤȡƯ Ǔȡ[ȡ[Ǖǽfȡ
àȡȡĒȡ¡ȣ Ǔȡ[ȡ[Ǖǽ ȡǓĤȡǔ
Ǔ Ȳ ǔãȡ àǏfȡ Ĥǒèȡǒ ǕƠȡȢȪȡǓ ȶȡĒȡ¡ȣȪ ȡǓǓȯǑȯȪ Ĥȡǔfȡ ȶȡĒȡ¡ȣȪ Úȯ àǏfȡ
ÌÉȡ fȡ ÌÉȡ fȡȡĒȡ¡ȣȪ
ȡĒȡ¡ȣ ÌÉȡ ǓȯǑȯȪ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ȡĒȡ¡ȣȪ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ ÌÉȡ
ÌÉȡ
ƠǕ
ȡǑ
Ȫȡ
Ȫȡ
ȡȡÖɋ
ȡħȯȡʶȪ
ǓǕ
ȡǕ
ǕȡȪ
jǕȲ ȡ
ȡȯȡ
Ǖȡ
Ǔ ÛǕȣ
Ǔ ÛǕȡãȪ
CFǔãȡàȡ
CF ǔãȡàȡ
Ǖàȡ
İȪȬȡǒƶǕǓ[ȡ[ĤȡǓDBIH@ ȡǕ àȪ
144

Economic Survey New 2076.77 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Economic Survey New 2076.77 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

D Ĥȡȯ ǔ]Ǔ[ȡ ȡȡǔǔèǓ 

CB ]ȡ ȡ ¡ȣǒȡ ͕ȡȡaȡ[ 

CC ȫǓǗȡ[ȡ͕ȡȡȡȡ ʶȡ 

CD ȡȡǔ¢ȯğ 

CE ǗàǓȪǕǓ[ȡ[ 

CF Ǖȡ Ĥȡ  

CG ȪȪȡȪȡǓÛğ` ȡȡȡ¡ 

1.       (-19)   ब$% 

29. 9) H BCJK/JJ  -(/ BK .O> ]B 8 Bd O WN

 Ǖ ¡ǾȪǓȪĤȡȡȣĤȡǒ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@ Q

 QDBCȡ ȢȪ\[ÛğĤǓȯȯ Ȫȡ QDBȡĤǓȯ

Ǘȡ HD IF HE EI GE DI

 \Ûȡ[ǒƶǕġȡȪȯ ǒǓ \[ÛğȪǗãǙǒƨ Q ȪǕȡȡ Q

ǒǓ \[Ûğ BE BJ CI D CF BG

 Ǖ ¡ǾÚȯ Ȳ ȡȯ  

Ȳȡȯ    GH GH GI GG

ȡǒèȡ    EK HI CCC

 ȯȡȪ Qȯ ǔ àȪk ǕġȡèȧǓĤǓ¡ȯȪȯ

 ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȡǙǒȰǙǒ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨǙǒƨĐ

 ǓãȪ[Ȫk ]Ǔ[ǙǒƨĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@ \ǓȡǙǒ

Ǚǒ ȰǙǒ Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ

 Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡÒȰ fȪȯȰǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡ

Ǚǒ¢ȯğ `ƭȪ¢ȯğ ȯ ȡ¢ȯğ `×ȡǑèǕ¡ǽȡǕ

ȡȣ ǓȢ¢ȯğ ȰȡȡǗ Ȳ èȡ

 Ǖȡ¡[èØ  Ǖȡǒƶ 

 ȱ Ȣ Ǔȡ[ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ Ǖȡȡ 

 ]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡ ȡȢȪ\ÛEIĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[

 ]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ ĤǓåǔƠ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ

 ]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ ĤǓåǔƠ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ

ĤȡǓ¢ȯğ ǒƨȢ¢ȯğ ǙȢ¢ȯğ

 ]Ǔ[[ DBIIȪǕȡȡ]Ǔ[[ ȡȡȢȡ`×

 ]Ǔ[[DBIIȡǐèȯ ȡåȡ ȡǒ ȯȡ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ

 ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡ ȡ[ǓĤȡ ȡ¢ȡ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ

 Ȳ Ȣȡȡȡ[ÛȡȡǓȡǐfȡ Ȳ  ȡĤȡȣ Ȳ èȡfȪȯĤȯ ȡ

 ]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ

èȡȢ¡Ȫ ÌÉȡ IGE CEI CEH CCK JG CBK IK JJ

×ĤǓ[ǒȢ CIG GGK DID CCD DBD GH CEC

 ȯȡ ȡȯĤȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ȡȡȡ[Û¡Ǖȯ Ȫȡȡȡ[ĐȪȡǓ

 ]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àȪǕǓ¢ȯȡ[Ĥȡ¡ȡȡȢĤȯ Ȫ

E ȪȪ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ Ȣȡȡ\ǓȡȲ Ȳ  ȡȡ_Ǘ[ ȡȡ[ÛȪ ȡ

E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕ [ ]Ǔ[[Ȫ

E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȡè ]Ǔ[[Ȫ

E ]Ǔ[[DBIFIGȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ\Ǖȡȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȯ

E ]Ǔ[[ȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕ]BGĤǓȯǙǒƨ_ǾI

Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ [     

E ]Ǔ[[ ȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ\Ǖȡȡ Ȳ Ȣ ǔÑ Ȫ

  

Ǖȡè ȲȢȡè  Ȱ

ȡ[Ǔb ]Ûǐb ȡƻb

E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȯǾFDȡ]Ûǐb

E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ à ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡȡbȯȡȢȡ

E ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȯ ȯȡȢǾGJ\[ IBȪ

E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à]ÛǐfQȰȯǔbȪ ȡȡȱ ǕƠȡȢ

E ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȪǕ ȡǕ  [ȡ ȡȡÛ ȡ[Ǔ ȯȡȢ[\Û[

E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕȱȢ [ȡ\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[

ȡȡÛ ȡ[Ǔ ȯȡ      

¢ȡ      

ȡ[ǓȡǔÛ Ǖ¢ȡ      

]Ǔ[ ȡǓȡ      

ȡȡ Ȳ ¢      

ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ      

E ȱ Ȣ  [ Úȯ ]Ǔ[ ȡǓȡ

E Ȳ Ȣ ȡȡĤȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ȡ_¡èȡÛ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡȡ_ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ

D Ĥȡȯ ǔ]Ǔ[ȡ ȡȡǔǔèǓ

CB ]ȡ ȡ ¡ȣǒȡ ͕ȡȡaȡ[

CC ȫǓǗȡ[ȡ͕ȡȡȡȡ ʶȡ

CD ȡȡǔ¢ȯğ

CE ǗàǓȪǕǓ[ȡ[

CF Ǖȡ Ĥȡ

CG ȪȪȡȪȡǓÛğ`ȡȡȡ¡

1. (-19) ब$%

29. 9) H BCJK/JJ -(/ BK .O> ]B 8 Bd O WN

Ǖ ¡ǾȪǓȪĤȡȡȣĤȡǒ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡ¡ȯȪ@ Q

QDBCȡȢȪ\[ÛğĤǓȯȯ Ȫȡ QDBȡĤǓȯ

Ǘȡ HD IF HE EI GE DI

\Ûȡ[ǒƶǕġȡȪȯ ǒǓ \[ÛğȪǗãǙǒƨ Q ȪǕȡȡ Q

ǒǓ \[Ûğ BE BJ CI D CF BG

Ǖ ¡ǾÚȯ Ȳ ȡȯ

Ȳȡȯ GH GH GI GG

ȡǒèȡ EK HI CCC

ȯȡȪ Qȯ ǔ àȪk ǕġȡèȧǓĤǓ¡ȯȪȯ

]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȡǙǒȰǙǒ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨǙǒƨĐ

ǓãȪ[Ȫk ]Ǔ[ǙǒƨĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫ@ \ǓȡǙǒ

Ǚǒ ȰǙǒ Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡ

Ǖȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȡǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡÒȰ fȪȯȰǙǒ¢ȯğȪȪȡ

Ǚǒ¢ȯğ `ƭȪ¢ȯğ ȯ ȡ¢ȯğ `×ȡǑèǕ¡ǽȡǕ

ȡȣ ǓȢ¢ȯğ ȰȡȡǗ Ȳ èȡ

Ǖȡ¡[èØ Ǖȡǒƶ

ȱ Ȣ Ǔȡ[ ]Ǔ[ [Ȫ Ǖȡȡ

]Ǔ[[ DBIIȡȡȢȪ\ÛEIĤǓ¡ȯ Ȫȡ]Ǔ[

]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ ĤǓåǔƠ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ

]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ ĤǓåǔƠ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ

ĤȡǓ¢ȯğ ǒƨȢ¢ȯğ ǙȢ¢ȯğ

]Ǔ[[ DBIIȪǕȡȡ]Ǔ[[ ȡȡȢȡ`×

]Ǔ[[DBIIȡǐèȯ ȡåȡ ȡǒ ȯȡ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ

]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡ ȡ[ǓĤȡ ȡ¢ȡ¢ȯğȪǕǗã\ǓǙǒƨ

Ȳ Ȣȡȡȡ[ÛȡȡǓȡǐfȡ Ȳ ȡĤȡȣ Ȳ èȡfȪȯĤȯ ȡ

]Ǔ[ [ DBII ȡ Ǖ ȡ¡[èØ `×ȡ

èȡȢ¡Ȫ ÌÉȡ IGE CEI CEH CCK JG CBK IK JJ

×ĤǓ[ǒȢ CIG GGK DID CCD DBD GH CEC

ȯȡ ȡȯĤȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ȡȡȡ[Û¡Ǖȯ Ȫȡȡȡ[ĐȪȡǓ

]Ǔ[[DBIIȪȡǕ àȪǕǓ¢ȯȡ[Ĥȡ¡ȡȡȢĤȯ Ȫ

E ȪȪ ȡǒƣȢ Ȳ Ȣȡȡ\ǓȡȲ Ȳ ȡȡ_Ǘ[ ȡȡ[ÛȪȡ

E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕ[ ]Ǔ[[Ȫ

E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȡè]Ǔ[[Ȫ

E ]Ǔ[[DBIFIGȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ\Ǖȡȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȯ

E ]Ǔ[[ȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕ]BGĤǓȯǙǒƨ_ǾI

Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ[

E ]Ǔ[[ ȡǕȡ¡[èØ`×ȡȪ\Ǖȡȡ Ȳ Ȣ ǔÑȪ

Ǖȡè ȲȢȡè Ȱ

ȡ[Ǔb ]Ûǐb ȡƻb

E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȯǾFDȡ]Ûǐb

E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ à ȡ[Ǔ Ȳ èȡȡbȯȡȢȡ

E ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȡ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȯ ȯȡȢǾGJ\[ IBȪ

E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à]ÛǐfQȰȯǔbȪ ȡȡȱ ǕƠȡȢ

E ]Ǔ[[ DBIGIHȪǕȡǕ [ȡ ȡȡÛ ȡ[Ǔ ȯȡȢ[\Û[

E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕȱȢ[ȡ\ǔãȪ]Ǔ[

ȡȡÛ ȡ[Ǔ ȯȡ

¢ȡ

ȡ[ǓȡǔÛ Ǖ¢ȡ

]Ǔ[ ȡǓȡ

ȡȡ Ȳ ¢

ȡȡǔ Ǖ¢ȡ

E ȱ Ȣ [ Úȯ ]Ǔ[ ȡǓȡ

E Ȳ Ȣ ȡȡĤȯ ȡèȡȢ¡ȡ_¡èȡÛ¡Ǖȯ \Ǖȡȡ_ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪ

E ȱ ȢȯȪ\Ȳ DEĤǓ¡ȯȪǓȪ@

E ]Ǔ[ [ DBIFIG ȡ ǒǓȪǔ ǕȱȢ ȯȡ Ǖ

E ]Ǔ[[ ȪȡǕ àȡ¡ȡF IIȡȱ ȡȡ¡Ǿ

åǔƠèȡȢȯ ȡà (PPAN) IHDBGG KKDJJB KCKDHG CKCDCFG

Ǘã\ǓǙǒƨ CIGGHJ DCFCBK FCFII DGGGJH

E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ àǕȡè]Ǔ[[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ\ǓȪ

Ȱȡè

E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHII ȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ]]Ǔ[[Ȫ Ȫ¡ȣ

ȡè

E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ àȪǕ Ȳ Ȣ ȡȣ[ȡǕ Ȳ Ȣ]Ȫ

E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪȡè Ȳ ȡȡ]Ȫ

E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ ȢǒȡÏȡ ǔʶȪȡȡǔȡfȪ

E ]Ǔ[[DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ǔʶȪȡàȡfȪȡȱȡȱ

Ȫãȣ

E ]Ǔ[[ DBIHIIȪȡǕ à Ȳ Ȣ ȡȪǕȡèǐȡǾF

[ȡȪ¡

Ȱȯǔ \ Ǖȡ Ȱȯǔ b Ȱȯǔ ¡ȡȡ`Ȫ

ȯ ȲÛğ Ȱ ȯ ȲÛğ