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Integration by Parts: Formula
Integration by Parts: Formula
Integration By Parts
Formula
∫ udv = uv − ∫ vdu
I. Guidelines for Selecting u and dv:
(There are always exceptions, but these are generally helpful.)
“L-I-A-T-E” Choose ‘u’ to be the function that comes first in this list:
L: Logrithmic Function
I: Inverse Trig Function
A: Algebraic Function
T: Trig Function
E: Exponential Function
Example A: ∫ x 3 ln x dx
∫x ln xdx = uv − ∫ vdu
3
x4 x4 1
= (ln x)
4
− ∫ 4 x dx
x4 1 3
4∫
= (ln x) − x dx
4
x4 1 x4
= (ln x) − + C
4 4 4
x4 x4
= (ln x) − + C ANSWER
4 16
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Example B: ∫ sin x ln(cos x) dx
v= ∫ sin x dx = − cos x
Example C: ∫ sin −1 x dx
*At first it appears that integration by parts does not apply, but let:
u = sin −1 x (Inverse Trig Function)
dv = 1 dx (Algebraic Function)
1
du = dx
1− x2
v = ∫ 1dx = x
∫ sin ∫ vdu
−1
x dx = uv −
1
= (sin −1 x)( x) − ∫x 1− x2
dx
⎛ 1⎞
= x sin −1 x − ⎜ − ⎟ ∫ (1 − x 2 ) −1 / 2 (−2 x) dx
⎝ 2⎠
1
= x sin −1 x + (1 − x 2 )1 / 2 (2) + C
2
= x sin −1 x + 1− x2 + C ANSWER
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II. Alternative General Guidelines for Choosing u and dv:
A. Let dv be the most complicated portion of the integrand
that can be “easily’ integrated.
B. Let u be that portion of the integrand whose derivative du is a
“simpler” function than u itself.
Example: ∫x 4 − x 2 dx
3
1
v= ∫x 4 − x 2 dx = −
2 ∫ (−2 x)(4 − x 2 )1 / 2 dx
⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ 2 ⎞ 1
= ⎜ − ⎟⎜ ⎟ (4 − x 2 ) 3 / 2 = − (4 − x 2 ) 3 / 2
⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 3 ⎠ 3
∫x 4 − x 3 dx = uv − ∫ vdu
3
⎛ 1 ⎞ 1
= ( x 2 )⎜ − (4 − x 2 ) 3 / 2 ⎟ − ∫ − (4 − x 2 ) 3 / 2 (2 x) dx
⎝ 3 ⎠ 3
− x2 1
= (4 − x 2 ) 3 / 2 − ∫ (4 − x 2 ) 3 / 2 (−2 x) dx
3 3
− x2 1 ⎛2⎞
= (4 − x 2 ) 3 / 2 − (4 − x 2 ) 5 / 2 ⎜ ⎟ + C
3 3 ⎝5⎠
− x2 2
= (4 − x 2 ) 3 / 2 − (4 − x 2 ) 5 / 2 + C Answer
3 15
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III. Using repeated Applications of Integration by Parts:
Example: ∫x
2
sin x dx
u = x 2 (Algebraic Function)
dv = sin x dx (Trig Function)
du = 2 x dx
v = ∫ sin x dx = − cos x
∫x sin x dx = uv − ∫ vdu
2
= x 2 (− cos x) − ∫ − cos x 2 x dx
= − x 2 cos x + 2 ∫x cos x dx
Second application of integration by parts:
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Note: After each application of integration by parts, watch for the
appearance of a constant multiple of the original integral.
Example: ∫e
x
cos x dx
u = cos x (Trig function)
dv = e x dx (Exponential function)
du = − sin x dx
v = ∫ e x dx = e x
∫e cos x dx = uv − ∫ vdu
x
= cos x e x − ∫ e x (− sin x) dx
= cos x e x + ∫ e x sin x dx
Second application of integration by parts:
du = cos x dx
v = ∫ e x dx = e x
Note appearance of original integral on right side of equation. Move to left side
and solve for integral as follows:
1 x
∫e cos x dx = (e cos x + e x sin x) + C Answer
x
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Practice Problems:
1. ∫ 3x e − x dx
ln x
2. ∫ x2
dx
3. ∫x
2
cos x dx
4. ∫x sin x cos x dx
∫ cos
−1
5. x dx
6. ∫ (ln x)
2
dx
7. ∫x 9 − x 2 dx
3
8. ∫e
2x
sin x dx
9. ∫x x − 1 dx
2
1
10. ∫ x(ln x) 3
dx
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Solutions:
1. − 3xe − x − 3e − x + C u = 3x
dv = e − x dx
ln x 1
2. − − +C u = ln x
x x
1
dv = dx
x2
3. x 2 sin x + 2 x cos x − 2 sin x + C u = x2
dv = cos x dx
dv = sin 2 x cos x dx
5. x cos −1 x − 1− x2 + C u = cos −1 x
dv = dx
6. x(ln x) 2 − 2 x ln x + 2 x + C u = (ln x) 2
dv = dx
x2 2
7. − (9 − x 2 ) 3 / 2 − (9 − x 2 ) 5 / 2 + C u = x2
3 15
dv = (4 − x 2 )1 / 2 x dx
2e 2 x sin x e 2 x cos x
8. − +C u = sin x
5 5
dv = e 2 x dx
2 x 2 ( x − 1) 3 / 2 8 x( x − 1) 5 / 2 16( x − 1) 7 / 2
9. − + +C u = x2
3 15 105
dv = ( x − 1)1 / 2 dx
−1 1
10. +C u= = (ln x) −3
2(ln x) 2 (ln x) 3
1
dv = dx
x
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