Thlular Goods pape releronced 5 ite 1A Mig Bullen WG API BUL5C3 Fourth Edition February 1. 1985 API BULLETIN on. FORMULAS and CALCULATIONS for CASING, TUBING, DRILL PIPE, and LINE PIPE PROPERTIES p ws AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE Washington, D.C. — ee Issued by AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE Production Department 211 N. Ervay, Suite 1700 Dallas TX 75201 ——— Copyright © 1985 American Petroleum Institute of this publication should become completely familiar with its scope and content including any provisions it may have regarding marking of manufactured products. This document isintended to supplement rather than replace individual engineering judgment7 2 Améfican Petroleum Institute TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1 COLLAPSE PRESSURE . 1.1 Collapse Pressure Formulas 1.1.4 Yield Strength Collapse Pressure Formula 1.1.2 Plestic Collapse Pressure Formula 1.1.3 Transition Collapse Pressure Formula 1.1.4 Elestic Collapse Pressure Formula 7 11118 Collapse Pressure Under Axial Tension Stress 1.1.6 Collapse Pressure Formula Symbols. 1.2 Derivation of Collapse Pressure Formulas . 4.2.1 Yeeld Strength Collapse Pressure Formula Derivation . 1.2.2 Pastic Collapse Pressure Formula Derivation 1.2.3 Transition Collapse Pressure Formula Derivation ..... 1.2.4 Elastic Collapse Pressure Formula Derivation .. 1.3 Collapse Testing Procedure... 1.3.1 Test Specimen .. 1.8.2 Test Apparatus. 1.3.3 Test Procedure . 1.3.4 Deta Reporting 2 PIPE BODY YIELD STRENGTH . 3 INTERNAL PRESSURE RESISTANCE .. 3.1 Internal Pressure Resistance . 3.2 Internal Yield Pressure for Pipe . 3.3 Internal Yield Pressure for Couplings ... 34 Internal Pressure Leak Resistance at E, or €; Pane 4 JOINT STRENGTH - 21 4.1 Round Thread Casing Joint Strength - 21 4.2 Buttress Thread Casing Joint Strength 221 4.3 Extreme-Line Casing Joint Strength +22 4.4 Tubing Joint Strength. . ; +23 45 Joint Strength of Round Thread Casing with Combined Bending and Internal Pressur> eee 5 E23 486 Line Pipe 5 WEIGHTS. 5.1 Nominal Weight . 5.2 Calculated Plain End Weight . 53 Calculated Threaded and Coupled Weight. 54 Calculated Upset and Threaded Weight for integral Joint Tubing and Extreme- Line Casing . 26 55 Calculated Upset Weight ... 26 5.6 Weight Gain Due to End Finishing . 27 57 Calculated Coupling Weight — 28 57.1 Calculated Coupling Weight for Line Pipe and Round Thread Casing and Tubing . ee : 28 5.7.2 Calculated Coupling Weight for Buttress Thread Casing 29 5.8 Calculated Weight Removed in Threading ... 5 30 5.8.1 Calculated Weight Removed in Threading Pipe or Pin Ends - 30 5.82 Caleulated Weight Removed in Threading Integral Joint Tubing Box Ends... 32 5.9 Calculated Weight of External Upsets « 33 4d Bulletin 5C3: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Properties 3 5.10 Calculated Weight of internal Upsets. . 5.11 Calculated Weight of External-internal Upsets .... 5.12 Calculated Weight of Extreme-line Upsets . 6 ELONGATION 7 FLATTENING TESTS 7.41. Flattening Tests for Casing and Tubing 7.2. Flattening Tests for Line Pipe ... 8 HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSURES 8.1 Hydrostatic Test Pressures for Plain End Pipe, Extreme-line Gasing and ntegal Joint Tubing ..... = 5 8.2 Hydrostatic Test Pressure for Threaded and Coupled Pipe . 8.2.1 Internal Yield Pressure for Couplings 8.2.2 Internal Pressure Leak Resistance at E, or E, Plane 9 MAKE-UP TORQUE... 10 GUIDED BEND TESTS .. 11 METRICATION 11.1 Metric Conversions and Calculations 11.2. Rounding of Metric Units 12 CALCULATION ACCURACY AND ROUNDING 12.1 Accuracy . 122. Intermediate Rounding 123 Final Rounding. . FOREWORD ‘2, This bulletin is under the jurisdiction of the Committee on Standardization of Tubular Goods. The purpose of tns bulletin is to show the formulas used in the calculation of the various pipe properties given in API standatds, including background information regarding their development and use. Note: This isthe fourtn edition of this bulletin. Th edition was authorized for publication at the Requests for permission to reproduce or translate ‘or any part of the material published herein should be 1970 Standaraization Conference as detailed in Cire PS-1388. ‘addressed 10 the Director. American Petroleum insti- tute, Production Department, 211 N. Ervay, Suite 1700, Dallas TX 75201‘ American Petroleum Institute SECTION 1 COLLAPSE PRESSURE 1.1 COLLAPSE PRESSURE FORMULAS ‘The minimum collapse pressures given in API Bul SC2 are calculated by means of formulas 1.1.1.1, 1.1.24 € 1.131 adopted at the 1968 Standardization Conference and reported in Circular PS-1380 dated September Tulss\7 4968. Formulas 1.1.12, 1.1.22, and 1.1.32 for the intersections between the four éollanse pressure formulas m “20 2501 2125 zeae" “130 zoe" 7135, 2aae * “40 2298 * “150 aint o188 zo" 7 “160 iad I “170 2060 “180 1993 * {Grades indicated without letter designation ar use and are shown for nformation purposes. ‘not API grades but are grades in use or grades being considered for the Dit range values wore calculated from formulas 1.1.82, 1.22.12, and 1.22.13 to eight or more digits 1.1.5 COLLAPSE PRESSURE UNDER AXIAL TENSION STRESS “The collapse resistance of easing in the presence of an axial stress is calculated by modifying the yield stress oan ‘axial stress equivalent grade according to Formula 1.1.6.1 VTAUTES GF -05 Sel Yo ceo - 14st ‘Axial Stress, psi (tension is positive) Minimum yield strength ofthe pipe, psi ‘Yield strength of axial stress equivalent grade. ps! Coupee esstanse formula factors and D/A ranges forthe axial stress equivalent grade are then calculated by means | Seamus n22 12.1228 122141112 1222,1192.1232 and 1253, Using forma factors for ihe axial | Stress equivalent grade, collapse resistance under axa tases calculated by means of Formulas 1.1.1., 14.21 ? Aaa and 144.1 “The reduced collapse pressures are calculated carrying eight digits in allintermediate calculations and rounding the reduced collapse pressure to the nearest 10 psiAmerican Petroleum Institute ; € Formule 1.15.1 is based on the Hencky-von Mises maximum strain energy of distortion theory of yielding Example: Calevlate collapse pressure of 7" 26# P110 with axit stress of 17,000 psi. Wall thickness is 0.382" substi substi pier 11.000 psi = 190,000 pst tuting in Formula 1.1.5. You = 108.087 psi : tuting Yp for Y in formulas 1.2.2.12, 1.22.13, 122.14, .1.1.2,1.122, 11.32, 1232 and 1.2.33: A= 9.188, B = 0.0780, C = 2675. F=2051, 6 » 0.0512 (Oi)yp= 1258, (OiMp)= 2075, | (OMe = 27.02 it Range for Yield Collapse = 12.59 nd less Dit Range tor Plastic Collapse * 125910 2075, it Range or Transition Collapse = 2075 t0 27.02 Dit Range for Elastic Collapse = 27.02 and greater 362 «19.34 which indicates that collapse iin the plastic range, Substituting A =3.188, B =0.0789andC = 2675 into Formula 1.12.1 for plastic colapse: P = Yea (A/ (D/t)-B) ~ C = 108,087 (9.158/19:34-0.0789) - 2675 P = er10psi 1.4.6 COLLAPSE PRESSURE FORMULA SYMBOLS 12 ° (Ove (Mp, (Ore DERIVATION OF COLLAPSE PRESSURE FORMULAS OF the four formulas used for collapse pressure, those for yield strength collapse and elastic collapse we erived cn a theoretical basis, the plastic formula was derived empirically trom 2488 collapse tests for the SS, NE and PI10 grades while the plasticielastic transition collapse pressure formula was determined lapse ‘basis. The plastic and transition collapse formulas, and the modification of the elastic col- fermula constant, were developed by Mr. Glen Hebard and reported in Appendix 2-k-4, Circular PS 1980, Resor of the 1968 Pipe Committee meeting “ads Page 4h: viELD ‘STRENGTH COLLAPSE PRESSURE FORMULA DERIVATION, For heavy wall pipe the use of the plastic collapse formula 1.1.2.1 for Pp could result in compression stresses aqualing oF exceeding the yield strength. While there was experimental evidence that the collapse Sure valve causing yielding Theretore the yield strengin collapse is based on the pressure that generates pressure could exceed the external pressure causing yielding, it was thought unsafe to use a collapse pres € ‘minimum yield stress on the inside wall of the tube calculates by means of the Lame’ equation. The dk 1! the Lame’ equation can be found in books covering theoretical elastic stress analysis9 > Bulletin 5C3: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Properties 8 1.22 PLASTIC COLLAPSE PRESSURE FORMULA DERIVATION Formula 1.1.21 for plastic collapse pressure P» and factors A, 8 and C were derived by statistical _tsgression anciysis tromca02 collapse test on KS6, 1440 on NBO and 648 on P110 seamless casing. The sy Gata used was that given in a report on the Development Of Collapse Pressure Formulas by W. O. Cline- ‘dinai, December 1963, available upon request from the API Dallas office, The data was gathered to fepresent the Dit ranges. typically involved in plastic collapse for the particular grades. The regression ‘analysis resulted in the following formulas of the Stewart type originally developed by Professor Reis Stewart of Wettern University, Allegheny, Pa. (predecessor of the present University Of Pittsburgh) and « Published as an ASME paper in May 1908. These regression formulas 122.1, 1.222 and 1.223 for aver fge collapse pressure are substantially the same as those on which the collapse values given in the fleventh edition (1989) of Bul 5C2 were bated. The difference in the new formulas trom the old arises from the method. in determining. minimum values from the average values. The new minimum values ‘were determined by substracting a constant pressure determined for the particular grade from the aver- lage, while the old minimum values were determined by reducing the average values by 25 per cent TABLE 1.221 ‘Average Plastle Collapse Pressure Regression Formulas i an 3 7 3 coer. anon aveusne couse ore, enNon nace __Atonesson FORMULA ™ ve ronmuta Ho. ss, p = 184480. . 2976 0.6476 435 1224 3 wo 21800. sp oar ne cota ora p+ SEA 20 om so sotaes Glalisieal mirimom values for the regression formulas are based on one-sided tolerance limits devel oped following methods that can be found in “Statistical Theory With Engineering Applications” by A Hala, published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York in 1952. Formulas 1.224, 1.225, 1226 and 1.227 for one-sided tolerance limits are developed by such methods. These tolerance limits are subtracted trom the average collapse pressure formulas to obtain minimum collapse pressure form Ce te (M25, era o 1224 ts Sate Ne oes 1 up at 2570 + 1.645 VOV~ 1 SSDOIN YN > SSORESTIN ‘1226 tog5 (0.008) = a T= 1359070 1) 1227 Formula 1.22.5 was taken directly from Halo's book on Statistical Theory With Engineering Applica lions. Formula 1.227 provides @ correction for variation trom average VD used in the regression and is based on information taken from George W. Snedecor’s book on Statistical Methods published by the lowa State College Press in 1956. Mer itze10 ‘American Petroleum Inetitute ‘The following is a glossary of symbols used in formulas 1.2.24 through 1.227 folerence limit to be subtracted from average collapse pressure formula to obtain the minimum collapse pressure formula, ps tolerence interval corresponding to a confidence level of # that the proportion of the population not included does not exceed @ (on factor for variation in VO from average standard extor of estim: (of the regression formula @ = the proportion of the population not included 1-8 = te proportion of the population included ie = fraciile, the deviation trom the mean of a standardized normal cumulative distribution that ‘includes the fraction 1-9 of the population, conlidence level Up = fractile corresponding to confidence level.» rumer of tests £ = cegrees of freedom = Ne average value of the UD ratios used in the regression standard deviation of /D ratios used in the regression the aximum absolute vi mula 1.2.2.7 for calculating Z fof this quantity occurring in the test data Is to be used in for- Formula 1.226 was obtained from formula 1.225 by taking P + 0.95 and # = 0.005 and substituting the corresponding values of Up= uga = 1.645 and uy = Uoggs = 2574 obtained from a table of probability integrals, Using formulas 1.2.24 through 1.2.2.7, values for the tol In table 1.22.2. ance limit C were calculated and are shown TABLE 1.2.2.2 ‘TOLERANCE LIMIT C TO BE SUBTRACTED FROM AVERAGE COLLAPSE FORMULAS TO CONVERT TO A MINIMUM BASIS 1 2 ‘GRADE c ss. 1205 Nao 1955 Prt. 2855, Subtracting the tolerance limit valu © trom the average collapse preseur formulas 1.221, 1.222 and 1223, formu as 1.228, 1229 and 1.22.10 for minimum eolanse pressures are obtained nave MINIMUM PLASTIC COLLAPSE PRESSURE FORMULA 04 «55 Pp 2 ~ 4181 wee . oe N28 on 245600 NO Pee ~ 7201 cose 1229 on Prope ~ 11075 seve 12210 on These formulas for minimum plastic collapse pressure Probability 0° conlidence le ‘more than 0 £% failures. fe based on the conception that there is a 95% that the collapse pressure will exceed the minimum stated with noFORMULA FACTOR A 3.450 3.400 3.350 3.300 3.250 3.200 3.150 3.100 3.080 3,000 2.950 ‘40 Bulletin 5C3: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Properties u 1180, 3.4491) (170, 3.4137 (180, 3,378) (150, 3.335) (140, 3.295) (135, 3.280) (130, 3.258) (128, 3.240) (120, 3-219] (Ho, 5.760) (108, 3.162); (100, "3-143) (95, '3.125)] (90, 3.106) (80, 3.070) (75, 3.060) (70, 3.037) (60, 3.008) (pA) (55, 2,980) TF x FROM REGRESSION ANALYSIS (50,' 2.978 ¢ BY EXTRAPOLATION & INTERPOLATION (40, 2.980), 30 6070 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 MINIMUM YIELD STRENGTH Yp, 1000 PSI FIGURE 1.2.2.1 Plastic Collapee Formula Factor AAmerican Petroleum Institute FORMULA FACTOR 8 0.1200 0.00 0.1000 0.0800 0.0700 0.0600 0.0500 (180. 0.1173), (170, 0.1123) cy Hag ieee Gore) (150, 0. 1020) +4 {i40,, 9.0970) #1135, 0, 0948) “130, 0. 0920) Ti25, 0, 0898! 120, 0.0870) (110, 0.0820), (35, 0.0745) (36, 0.0718) (80, 0. 0667) Ft (75, 0.0642) (70), 0.0617) (80, 0,0566)t-~ oe (85, 0.0541) * (50, 0.0515) X FROM REGRESSION ANALYSIS = @ BY EXTRAPOLATION @ INTERPOLATION 60 70 80 90 100 MINIMUM YIELD STRENGTH Y; FIGURE 1.2.22 Plastic Collapse Formula Factor B T1012 130-140 150 160 170 180 1000 PSI €‘Bulletin 5C3: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Properties 8 FORMULA FACTOR C 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 40 (a0, (ido, see) (170, 4660), (160, 4356) (150, 4059)) 40, 3750)] (135, 3600) fi30, 3480) (128, 3300) (720, 31517 (0, 2855), (105, 2700) (100, 2553) 95, 2408) (90, 2254) (80, 1985) (75, 1805) (76, 1658) (60, 1356) (55, 1208) (50, 1056) (pC) X FROM REGRESSION ANALYSIS ee © BY EXTRAPOLATION & INTERPOLATION 50 60 70 60 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 170 180 MINIMUM YIELD STRENGTH Yp, 1000 PSI FIGURE 1.223 Plastic Collapse Formula Factor C 60. American Petroleum insite ile tre formulas could be used in the form shown, they have been converted 10 the flowing staré "orm primary to fecilte exteplaion and interpolation to oblan calepse Torus” for rsh eee rc texvefe-e]-6 —— saan on nave A 8 ¢ eae ado oda 18s no 3m bosses oo Stoo Gose’ zee — ES=s—r—hs—r—r——™—sNSs—“SsS, Welded w 3637 ‘Type of Heat Treatment ‘8. Normalized NR NT . Quenched & Tempered ar «4. None (as rated) aR 8 ‘Type of Straightening '& Rotary a Hot Rotary 4 ©. Press e 3. None N aoa2 ‘Test Chamber end clearance, dp in CC38 4347 ‘Test Specimen Length. dp in CC48 46-52 Yield Strength, KSI. dp in COS 50-67 ‘Tensile Strength, KSI, dp in COS6 56-59 Elongation in %, whole number, right justified 60-64 Collapse or Maximum pressure, whole number right justifies 6s Specimen collapsed, blank Specimen aid not collapse 6-69 Test Number, right justifies ror Manufacturer designation 73 Fesidual stress sign, compression at inside diameter is negative 1476 Flesidual stress KSI, right justitied 6 ‘axial stress sign, tension is positive 779 ‘Axial stress, right justifies8 ‘American Petroleum institute Figure 1.3.4.1 OVALITY GAGE SECTION 2 PIPE BODY YIELD STRENGTH 24° PIPE BODY YIELD STRENGTH Pipe body yeld strength is the axial load required to yield the pipe. It is taken as the product of the ‘eross-sectionel area and the specified minimum yield strength for the particular grade of pipe. Values for pize body yield strength were calculated by means of formula 2.1. P, = 0.785410" - a2) 5 P, = pipe body yield strength in pounds rounded to the nearest 1000 Specitied minimum yield strength for pipe, psi D = specitiod outside diameter, inches 4 = specified insige diameter, inches SECTION 3 INTERNAL PRESSURE RESISTANCE 3.1 INTERNAL PRESSURE RESISTANCE Internal pressure resistance is the lowest of the internal yield pressure of the pipe, the internal yield pressure of ‘the coupling, oF te internal pressure leak resistance at the E, or E; plane calculated using formulas 3.2 1, 33.1 and 3.43, 32 INTERNAL YIELD PRESSURE FOR PIPE 'nternal yield pressure for pipe is calculated from formula 3.2.1. The factor 0.875 appesring in formula 3.2.1 allows for minimum wal, 324 P = 087s ([] D9 Bulletin 503: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Properties 8 P= minimum internal yield pressure in pounds per square inch, rounded to the nearest 10 psi Yo. = specified minimum yield strength in pounds per square inch, as given in SpecSA, SAC, and SAX t= nominal wall thickness in inches D+ nominal outside diameter in inches Internal yiels pressures were calculated by using the tabulated values of diameter and thickness to obtain a UD ‘atio value rounssed to the nearest 0.000001 which is then used in formula 3.2.1, 3 INTERNAL YIELD PRESSURE FOR COUPLINGS. Internal yield o°essure for threaded and coupled pipe is the same as for plain end pipe, except where a lower reseure is required to avoid leakage due to insutfcient coupling strength. The lower pressure is based on for- ‘mula 3.3.1 and ts rounded to the nearest 10 ps psy, (Mod sat w = minimum internal yield pressure in pounds per square inch, rounded to the nearest 10 psi Ye = minimum yield strength of coupling, psi W_ = nominal outside diameter of coupling rounded to the nearest 0.001 inches 4, = siameter at he root of the coupling thread at the end of the pipe inthe powertight position rounded to the nearest 0.001 inches. For round thread casing and tubing 8, © Byala) SANT +H = 289 +392 Where: +E} = pitch ciameter at hand tight plane, inches (Std 58) Ly = length trom end of pipe to hand tight plane, inches (Std 58) A. = hand tght standott, inches (Caution: “A” in Std $B is given in “turns") T = taper = 00628 inn. H_ = thread neight, inches = 0.08663 for 10 TP = 0.10825 for 8 TPI Sm = 0018in.for 10 TI = 0017in.for8 TPH For buttress thread casing dy Ep Car T+ 082 393 Where: E, = pitch clameter, inches (Std 58) Ly = length of pertect threads inches, (Std 58) ‘Size, in — 4% E through 13% Over 19% 1 = "0m00” 08000375 T = 00625 0.0625 0.089‘American Petroleum Institute }SURE LEAK RESISTANCE AT E, OR E, PLANE The internal pressure leak resistance at the E, of Ey plane is calculated from formula 2.4.1 and rounded to the Nearest 10 psi. Formula 3.4.1 is based on the seal being at the E, plane for round threads and the E; plane for buttress threads where the coupling is the weakest and the internal pressure leak resistance the lowest, Also for~ mula 9.4.1 is 23864 on the internal leak resistant pressure being equal to the interface pressure betwean the pipe land coupling irireads resulting from makeup and the internal pressure ite, with stresses in the elastic range. P= ETN (W-E,2)/2E,We 3ar Where: P= internal pressure leak resistance, in pounds per square inch, rounded to nearest 10 psi E = 30x 108 (modulus of elasticity) T= thread taper, invin. 0.0625 tor round thread casing 0.0625 tor buttress thread casing 19% and smaller 0.085% for buttress thread casing 16.and larger N= number of thread turns make-up ‘tor ound thread casing (Sta 58) ‘A. 13: for buttress thread casing 13% and smaller = A+ 1 ‘or buttress thread casing 16 and larger P= thread pitch inches ; 0.125 for round thread casing (0.200 for buttress thread casing wi, inches 8 = E,forround thread casing, inches ee ; for buttress thread casing, inches 2 W = coupling outside diameter, inches E, = pitch diameter at plane of sea, incnes E, for ound thread, inches E, for auttress thread casing, inches ‘The interface pressure between the pin and box as a result of make-up is , = ETN (C#- BNIB? A.A) (4B (C*— A, 342 where A, = pipe internal radius, inches, Subsequent to make-up, internal pressure P,causes a change in the interface pressure by an amount P Pp = PLA (CF BH) /B CA) Since the external box radius C is always greater than the contact radius B, which in turns always rea internal pipe recius A;,P, will alweys be less than P,. Therefore, when the total interface pressure P, +P; equals he internal pressure P,, the connection has reached the leak resistance limit P. In other words, if P, were greater than P, =P, leakage would occur. Py PpePeP... a oe a pee 34a Substituting the appropriate values for P, and P, into equation 3.4.4, and simplifying produces equation 3.4.1. Note that dimension A, no longer remains a variable.Bulletin 5C3: Formulas and Calculations tor Pipe Properties a at 42 SECTION 4 JOINT STRENGTH ROUND THREAD CASING JOINT STRENGTH Round thread easing joint strength is calculated trom formulas 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 The lesser of the values obtained from the two formulas governs. Formulas. si and 412 apply to both short and long threads and couplings. Formula 4.1.1 is for minimum strength of a joint failing by fracture, and formula 4.1.2 18 for minimum strength of @ joint falling by thread jumpout or pullout. Fracture strength P, = 095A» Us aaa Pullout strength: p, «oma, fouormue , Ye _] . ane ga +040 "Lv 0v8D rmirimum joint strength, pounds cross-sectional area of the pipe wall under the last perfect thread, square inches = 07854 ((0 — 0.1425}* — @) for 8 Rd. threads 1D = nominal outside diameter of pipe. inches 4. = norninal inside diameter ot pipe. inches ‘engaged thread length. inches LeM for nominal make-up, Std 58 minimum yield strength of pipe, psi Up * minimum ultimate strength of pipe, ps! Joint strengths of round thread casing given in Bul SC2 were calculated using tabulated values of diameter and. thickness and APIiisted values of Ly and M. Pipe area was. calculated to 3 decimals, Guctwes calculated 10 8 digits using a 7-place ‘ogaritim table, and remaining calculations used 6 figs Listed values were rounded to 1000 pounds. Formulas < 1.1 and 4.1.2 were adopted at the June 1963 standardization conference as reported in API Gueviar PS. 1255. Derivation of the equations is covered in a paper. “Strength of Threaded Joints for Steet Pipe”, presented by W. O. Glinedinat at the meeting of the petroleum section of ASME in October 964. They are based on the results of an API sponsored test program consisting of tension tests of 162 joints of ‘cund-thread casing in grades K-55, N-B0, and P-110 covering @ range of wall thicknesses iain Sin, Sipin. Bins Tin, Styin, and 10%in. diameters using both short and long threads where called for by the size and grace tested. Fourteen tests failed by fracture of the pipe and 18 tests failed by pullout. Formula 4.1.1 agrees satisfactorily with the 14 test fractures. Form= Cia a2 is based on analytical considerations ang was adjusted to fit the data by statistical methods ‘The analytical procedure comprehended coupling properties, but it was found by analysis of the current ‘group ot tests that the coupling was noneniical for standard coupling dimensions. Subsequent testing fstabishec that these formulas are also applicable to J-55 casing ‘The facict 085 in Formulas 411 and 41.2 onginates in the statistical error of a multiple-regression equation wih adjustment to permit the use of minimum properties in place of average properties. BUTTRESS THREAD CASING JOINT STRENGTH Buttress thread casing joint strengtn is calculated trom formulas 421 and 422. The lesser of the values obtained from the two formulas governs. Pr Tivead Strength 068 A. Up [1008 20306(1089 - ¥2 Us 10] 42s “Wo)ars Faye ier |2 American Petroleum Institute Coupling Thread Strength PL = 098A Uc 422 where P, = minimum joint strength, pounds Yo * minimum yield strength of pipe. psi Us = minimum ultimate strength of pipe, psi u. ‘Ao = cross-sectional area of plain end pipe, square inches 0.785 (0? - a) + minimum ultimate strength of coupling, psi ‘Ac = cross-sectional area of coupling, square inches + 0785 (Ww! = 0) = outsice ciameter of pipe, incnes W = outsice diameter of coupling, inches. = inside aiameter of pipe. incnes, a diameter at the root of the coupling thread ‘at the end of the pipe in the powertight position rounded to the nearest 0,001 inch. See formula 3.2.3. Joint strengths were calculated 10 6 digit accuracy using cross-sectional areas of the pipe and the {coupling rounded to 3 decimals, Final values were rounded to the nearest 1000 pounds for listing in Gul 502, ‘The formulas were adopted at the June 4970 Standardization Conference as reported in API Circ. PS 1398. They were based on a regression analysis of 151 tests of buttress thread casing ranging in size from 4%; to 20 in. OD and in strength levels trom 40,000 to 150,000 psi minimum yield. Der tion of the formulas is covered in W. O. Clinedinst's report on Buttress Thread Joint Strength shown as Appendix 24-8. Cire, PS 1308, EXTREME-LINE CASING JOINT STRENGTH Extreme-tine casing joint strength is cale PLo= Ae dpe coeeeeeeesenee coreteeeeeeeeneeee 4H minimum joint strength, pounds ‘Act > enticat section area of box, pin, or pipe, whichever is least, square inches = 0.7854 (MP — oh?) i box is critical 0.785% (Op? ~ dit pin is eritical (0.7854 (D2 — o2) it pipe is critical Up * specified minimum ultimate strength, psi Minimum Ultimate Strength Values on Up pat 4-55, 75,000 55 95,000 crs 95,000 a0 95,000 N80 100,000 c-30 100.000 C95 108,000 Panto 125.000 M_ = nominal joint OD, madeup, inches dy = box critical section 1D, inches slsm are De = pin critical section OD, inches stem % Wodeg “48 ¢Bulletin §C3: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Proper 2 6, = nominal joint 1D, madeup, inches nominal OD of casing, inches nominal 1D of casing, inches ‘mini um box thread height, inches * 0.060 for 6 threads per inch + 0.080 for § threads per inc 4. = taper drop in pin perfect thread length, inches 0.258 for 6 threads per inch + 01228 for 5 threads per inch ' maximum thread interterence, inches Hoe H_ = maxim root diameter at last pertect pin threa Inches 1 = minimum crest dlameter of box thread at Plane H, inches 6 = taper rise between Plane H and Plane J, inches * 0.035 for 6 threads per inch 0.032 for 5 threads per inch @ = i; meximum seal interference, inches = (wove ‘A= maximum diameter at pin seal tangent point, inches. minimum diameter at box seal tangent point, inches Using values listed in APL standards, critical areas were calculated to 9 decimals and the joint 9 strengths were rounded to 1000 pounds. 44° TUBING JOINT STRENGTH Tubing joini strength is calculated from formulas 441 and 4.42 as the product of the specified minimum yield strength for the steel grade and the area of section under the root of the last perfect thread of the pipe oF of the area of the body of the pipe, whichever is smaller. The areas of the critical sections of ragular tubing couplings, special-clearance couplings, and the box of integral joint tubing fare, in all instances, greater than the governing critical areas of the pipe part of the joint and do not affect the strength of the joint. For calculation based on the thread root area: PL = Yp x 0.7854 ((D — 2h, ? — a”) 444 For calculation based on area of the body of the pipe: Pi = ¥, x 0.7854 (0? — a) ohh? Where: P= miownum joint strength, pounds Yo = specified minimum yield strength, psi D = tabuated outside diameter, inches hy = eignt of thread, inches "= 0.08560 in. for 10 threads per inch = 007128 in. for 8 threads per inch d+ tabulated inside diameter, inches Joint strengths were calculated to an accuracy of atleast six digits and rounded to 100 pounds. 45S JOINT STRENGTH OF ROUND THREAD CASING WITH COMBINED BENDING AND INTERNAL PRESSURE ‘Joint strength of round thread casing subjected to combined bending and internal pressure is cal- culated from formulas 45.1 through 4.5.4 on a total oad basis and is expressed in pounds.24 “American Petroleum Institute Full Fracture Strength Py = 0.35Aip Up rs) Jumpout and Reduced Fracture Strength P, = 095A, Lf 2240eMUe | {1 + O.5KIVA 452 05 +0MD +0140 Bending Lose Falure strength where Pe Ay 2 Ye . Pe = 096A» [up —(_40580__\'), 45a (Ue — vor, where Po /Ay 1964 However, this calculation is necessary for determination of ew. the weight gain due to end finishing by upsetting, eBulletin 5C3: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Properties a ‘The calculaied upset weight per foot is based on a 20 foot length measured end to end including the upsets as shown in figure 85.2, and is calculated trom formula 5.5.1. i FIGURE 5.5.1 am ical of = gg = Leases 2 et 2 whece: W © upset weight calculates to 4 decimals and rounded to 2 decimals, pounds per foot Woe * plain end weight calculated to 4 aecimals, pounds per foot Fweighi ot psets 56 WEIGHT GAIN DUE TO END FINISHING Since 1965, API standards list the calculated weight gain (ot loss) due to end finishing, ew, rather than calculatec threaded and coupled weight, calculated upset and threaded weight, or calculated upset weight. Values of ew given in API standards are calculated trom formula 5.6.1. For plain-end pipe. ew equals zere (0 = We) c = 564 weight of upsets calculated to 4 decimals, pounds ‘24 = weight gain (oF 1oss) due to end finishing rounded to 2 decimals, pounds W + calculated threaded and coupled weight, upset and threaded weight, or upset weight based on a 20 {oot length, rounded to 2 decimals, pounds Wpe= calculated plain end weight rounded to 2 decimals, pounds per foot. Values of ew may be calculated directly without the intermediate rounding of calculated weight with fend finish and plain end weight from formulas 5.6.2, 5.63 and 5.6.4 but the values will not agree with ‘those presently shown in API standards due to the difference in rounding procedures. DIRECT CALCULATION OF ew, ‘THREADED AND COUPLED PIPE Weight Weight 5 eee pest removed in eee —o 2 teeing pling. Ltwo pipe ends UPSET ANO THREADED Pi ign Weight of | — | removed in J voce 563 ones threading lwo pipe ence upser pire gh ee 584 Upsets, “The value, @., is used to calculate the theoretical weight of a length of pipe by means of formula 5.6.5. Wa = Woe bt ey a 56528 s7 sr American Petroleum Insitute where: Wy = eatculated weight of a piece of pipe of length L, pounds Woe = tabulated plain end weight calculated to 2 decimals, pounds per foot L_ = length of pipe Including end finish, calculated to 1 decimal, feet eu = Weight gain (or loss) due to end finishing, calculated to 2 decimals, pounds. CALCULATED COUPLING WEIGHT Coupling woights are calculated as shown in Par. 5.7.1 for line pipe and round thread casing and tubing, and in Par. 5.72 for buttress thread casing, CALCULATED COUPLING WEIGHT FOR LINE PIPE AND ROUND THREAD CASING AND TUBING Coupling weights for tine pipe and round thread casing are calculated of the basis of handtight dimensions. Coupling weights for line pipe are calculated on the basis of the dimensions shown in the 1942 edition of ‘Std SL which are identical with those shown in the 1971 edition. ‘Coupling woights for round thread casing are calculated on the basis of the dimensions shown in the 1942 standards except for 18% inch short and 20 inch long round thread casing which are based on hanatight dimonsions Identical with the 1971 standard values. Coupling weights shown for 18%% inch long round threads and for 16 inch round threads are based on the old sharp thread form and dimensions, The handtight standoff values in the 1971 standards are ‘one thead turn larger than those in the 1942 standards. Recalculation on the basis of the 1971 nand- light dimensions would result in slightly ifferent coupling weights. ‘ ‘Non-upset tubing coupling weights are based on 1942 coupling dimensions, except for the 1.050, 1315 and 1.630 inch sizes which were based on coupling dimensions added in 1962. The 1971 imen- sions are ide-ical with those from which the present coupling weights were calculated. External upset tubing coupling weights are based on 1942 coupling dimensions except for the 1.050 and 1.315 irch sizes which were based on coupling dimensions added in 1954. For regular diameter couplings the dimensions used in calculating weights are identical with those in the 1971 standards, ‘The special clearance coupling weights are based on the diameters introduced in the 1958 standards, which are icentical to those in the 1971 standards. In calculating the weights of the special clearance ‘couplings an allowance is made for the weight removed by the special bevel, However. the weights were calculated several years before special clearance couplings were introduced into the standards In 1958 on the basis of a 12 dagree bevel rather than the 20 degree bevel introduced in the 1962 stan- dard. The weights were not recalculated for the change in bevel dimensions adopted for the special bevel in 1962. The special bevel is also available on regular diameter couplings, but separate listing of weights for these couplings are shown in the standards, Weights for line pipe couplings and round thread casing and tubing couplings are calculated trom formulas $7.1 1 to $7.1.10, with reference to figures §.7.1.1 and 5.7.1.2 FIGURE 57.1.1Bulletin $C3: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Properties 2 9 WEIGHT CALCULATIONS FOR LINE PIPE AND ROUND THREAD "CASING AND TUBING COUPLINGS WITHOUT SPECIAL BEVEL WEIGHT ALLOWANCE, BASED ON HANDTIGHT DIMENSIONS Ee = €)~ (N, /2 - M)ITAPER), scenes BTA VoL. 1 = 0.785aMaz S712 VOL. 11 = 02618(N, /2- MER * EXE. + ED S743 VOL, (letin = O-7e54y, WH/2 5714 VOL. I = VOL. (HellsIf) = VOL. 1 = VOL. e 5715 CALCULATED COUPLING WEIGHT = 0.56566VOL. tI “$7.18 Calculations for coupling weights are in pounds and carried to 4 decimals, z vou. w = ©7854 0 = 8 ) (WE — BP 737 Clearance couplings for external upset tuDing is approximate. The exact formula for VOL. IV is shown as formula 57.18 vou = ‘SSEU (erasure - 0261816; + 8, W + w=) : . S718 cupling Weight [Ppemateg 82" }- oscosvon.w co 849 Seek COUPLING WEIGHT WITH SPECIAL BEVEL ‘The weight of a coupling with special bevel is calculated by subtracting the coupling weight re- moved by the special bevel, formula 57.1.9, from the weight of the coupling without a special bevel formula 87.18 a8 indicated by formula §.7.1.10. Calculations are in pounds and camed to 4 decimals ‘oupling Weight") [Coupling Weight?) Coupling Weight wie wf CMnaboar?" |_| TRemaves by - 57.110 Special Beve! Special Bevel Special Bevel 572 CALCULATED COUPLING WEIGHT FOR BUTTRESS THREAD CASING Coupling weights for buttress thread casing ave calculated on the basis of powertight dimensions (instead of nardtight cimensions as for line pipe and round thread casing and tubing) by formulas ) 5721, through 87.26, with relerence to figure $7.2130 ‘American Petroleum Institute po FIGURE 5.7.21 WEIGHT CALCULATIONS FOR BUTTRESS THREAD COUPLINGS Ee © Ey = (Ly + ¥) (TAPER) ara seceeesBT2N Ee © &)+ (9+) (TAPER) 5722 where X = 0.00 for sizes less than 16 inch = 0200 for sizes 16 inch and larger (TAPER) 0.0625 for sizes less than 16 inch = 0.0853 for sizes 16 inch and larger VOL. 1 = 0.2618(N, NEE + Ee Ee + ED VOL (Ie) = 0.7854(N, (2)? VOL! = VOL.(UstI) = VOLI CALCULATED COUPLING WEIGHT = 0.5688VOL. I . Caleuations tor coupling weights are in pounds and carried to 4 decimal. 58 CALCULATED WEIGHT REMOVED IN THREADING. ‘The weight removed in threading pipe or pin ends it calculated in accordance with Par. 5.8.1. The weight removed in threading and recessing box ends is calculated in accordance with Par. 58.2. 5.1 CALCULATED WEIGHT REMOVED IN THREADING PIPE OR PIN ENDS. ‘The weight removed by threading pipe or pin ends is calculated trom formulas 5.8.1.1 through 5.8.18 with refarence to figures 58.1.1, 58.12, and 58.13.Bulletin 5C3: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Properties 3 L 5 4 4 — i a vg s— Ly; —4 7 0 (fy EEEEICAR] Ficune sat FlGURE sat2 ROUND THREADS AND LINE PIPE THREADS BUTTRESS THREADS upset outside diameter of upset pipe and pipe outside diameter of non upset pipe and buttress thread ‘casing Ea = Ey- Ly (TAPER) $81. where: (TAPER) = 0.0525 for all round threads and for buttress threads in sizes less than 16 inch = 010833 for buttress threads in sizes 16 inch and larger VOL. = 0.26189(03 + D4E; + E) sa12 VOL.M = 0.2613(Le - gNEE + EE + ED $813 VOL(tetletl) » 0.7854L,03 ceocneerseseens S814 VOLIN = VOL (lttsN) - VOL = VOL : os 5815 CALCULATED WEIGHT REMOVED IN THREADING = 0:2833VOL.IN 5818 I rt x: ‘Y " 8 Ey EXTREME-LINE THREAD X = 0.360 ‘or sizes 5% through 7% inch = 0.404 ‘or sizes 844 through 10% Y= 3.230 ‘or sizes 5% through 7% inch 5.6585 for sizes 8% through 10%, inch G - 0.529 for sizes 8% through 7% inch G = 0.589 for sizes 8%4 through 10%, inch VOL! = 0:7854xG" 5817 VOL = 0.26187(G? + GE, + ER) .. 583. VOL. (letteil) = 0.78540x + Y)ME 5819 VOL. Il = VOL. (tll) = VOL t= VOL. It 25.84.10 CALCULATED WEIGHT REMOVED IN THREADING ONE PIN = 0.2839V01, Il saat32 American Petroleum Institute 5.82 CALCULATED WEIGHT REMOVED IN THREADING INTEGRAL JOINT TUBING BOX ENDS ‘The weigat removed by threading and recessing the box ends of integral joint tubing is calculated trom formulas 5.8.2.1 through 58.27. with reference to figure 58.2.1 : Be: fad Burd Q Ee (D-t) FIGURE 5.21 INTEGRAL JOINT TUBING (Ges- 552) Le eLituta : : = seen SARA B= Ey -Le (TAPER) = ese secu vese6 822 wher: J+ end of pipe to thread runout in box poweright Vout) = 07854Ma>.. VoL.) = 02610L. (E+ Ee + ED) VOL (NIV, © 07854 + Le NO = OF. VOL (Hl) = VOL(l#It) + VOL.(EIV) = VOL-(aIV) «.. seeseseeeee : @ WEIGHT REMOVED IN THREADING AND RECESSING = 02B35VOL.(HI) <---cssoseees vn 6827 J KN PoD FIGURE 5.8.22 53 - 5.822] EXTREME-LINE CASING where: 2 © 0.5(P-D) Calculations for weight removed in threading, or threading and recessing ried to 4 dacimals. fe in pounds and are car-Bulletin 563: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Properties 33 59 CALCULATED WEIGHT OF EXTERNAL UPSETS. The weight adsed by an external upset is calculated by formulas 5.9.1 through 5.95, with reterence wo hue 58 = teu Meu 4 D Ges=335) Fiune EXTERNAL UPSET VOL.(i) 07854 Ly, OF cones 88 VOL AIIV) = 023t8mq, (Of + 0.0 + 0%) 592 VOL (s1V) # OES4 (Ly, + May 10? : 593 VOLAeit) = VOL (et) + VOL. ilis¥) = VOL-(uIV) vo 594 CALCULATED WEIGHT OF EXTERNAL UPSET - 0.2833VOL. (it) 595 Calculations for the weight of an external upsat are in pounds and carried to 4 decimals, 510 CALCULATED WEIGHT OF INTERNAL UPSETS The weight acced by an internal upset is calculated by formulas 5.10.1 through 6.105, with reference to figure §.10.1 a FIGURE 5.10.1 INTERNAL UPSET VOL! = 026101. (d8,+ da, d, + 43) . . 5.101 VOLII = 02618, (4 + 4d, +42, ) eros 5.102 VOLAstlott) = O."8540%L, ¢ my 1 ++ $.103 VOL * VOL (tlt) = VOL = VOL. 5.104 CALCULATED WEIGHT OF INTERNAL UPSET = 0.2833VOL.II! 5.108 Calculations fer the weight of an internal upset are in pounds and carried to 4 decimals 5.1 CALCULATED WEIGHT OF EXTERNAL-INTERNAL UPSETS The weight adcied by an external-internal upset is calculated as the sum of the weight of an external Uupset calculated from formula 595 and the weight of an internal upset calculated from formula 5.105, 18 given by formela 5.11.1 alculated Weight’) [Calculates Weight] [Calculated Weight External internal’ | 2] "internal | +f a4 Upset Upset Calculations for the weight of an external internal upset ar In pounds and carried to 4 decimals.34 ‘American Petroleum Institute 5.12 CALCULATED WEIGHT OF EXTREME-LINE UPSETS ‘The weigit added by the box and pin upsets for Extreme-tine casing is calculated from formulas 5.121 through 5.12.18. a a eu —| Cc r J mu liv D 4 BoM FIGURE 5.121 PIN UPSET (esse may = (MD) 5.121 mu = 816-8) 5.122 Log = 8.000 - may for 51h through 7% inch 2 B28 = 10,590 - may for 8% through 10% inch. Lig = 6625 for 5¥ through 7% inch 8.000 for 8% through 10% inch = 7ES4L 4, Mé + 0.2618m4, (D#* DM + M?)-0.7854(Ley * May)D? vou! VOLIII = 0.7354 (L,, + m,,, )6? = O7854L,, 8 - 02618m,, (4? + dB + B2) WEIGHT OF PIN UPSET = 0.2893(VOL.(HIl) 2.00 M FIGURE 5.122 BOX UPSET My = MO) 66-9 eco Les = 8000 - my for 5%, through 7% inch . 10.500 - mev for 8% through 10% inch 000 for 5Yp through 7% inch 37 for 8% through 10%, inch fe VOL. |= 0.78541, M2 + 0.2618mey (M+ MD * 03) -0.7854 (Les + me)D* VOL. 110.7854 (Lis # my) = 0.78544, D}2-0.2618 my (D2 + Dd + dP) WEIGHT OF BOX UPSET = 0.2833(VOL.-VOLII)... ba 8.124 5.128 5.128 sa? 5.128 5.129 53-5122 5.1210 sa 5.1212 5.12.13 21214 BA215 5.12.16 $1217 5.1218 Calculations for the weights of the Extreme-line box and pin upsets are in pounds and carried to 4 ‘decimals. €Bulletin 5C3: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Properties 38 SECTION 6 ELONGATION 61 ELONGATION ‘The minimum elongation in 2 Inches is calculated from formula 6.1. e = 625000 AS 6.1 ve © = minimurt elongation in 2 inches, rounded to nearest Y; per cent cross-sectional area of the tensile specimen, based on specified outside diameter. or nominal spec men width, and specified wal thickness, rounded to the nearest 0.01 sq in. or 0.75 sq in.. whichever U_ = specified tensile strength, psi ‘The formula was adopted at the June 1967 standardization conference as reported in Circ. PS 1940 SECTION 7 FLATTENING TESTS 7.4 FLATTENING TESTS FOR CASING AND TUBING ‘The distance between plates for flattening teste for casing and tubing are calculated from the formulas shown in table 7.1, and rounded to 1 decimal 1 2 3 Grade ‘DM Ratio Distance Between 2 Plates, max., in. HAO 16 and over 050 _ tess than 16 110.83 - 0.0206 Dit) 155 16 and over 0.850 8 3.93 10 16 10(0.98 - 0.0208 Dt) Ks5 less than 3.99, (1.104 -0.0518 O71) "1-80 a N80 91025 Dir ora 0.0194 Of) 7 91025 Diro74 09184 D7) cae 91025 (1.080 - 00178 07) sit the fattening test of L-80 oF NBO fails at 12 oF 6 o'clock, the flattening shall continue until the remaining por- tion of the specimen fails at the 3 or 9 o'clock position. Premature failure at the 12 or 6 oiclock position shall not be considered basis for rejection. (0 = Nominal outside diameter of pipe. in inches ‘Nominal wall thickness of pipe, in inches ‘The flattening tyst formula for Grade HA0 was adopted at the May 1939 Standardization Conference. The formu~ las Tor Grages 35, KSS. NBO, C75 and C95 were adopted at the June 1972 Standardization Conference as reported in Circ, PB-1440. The formula for L-€0 was adopted at the June 1974 Standardization Conference as ‘reported in Cire, PS-V487,38 ‘American Petroleum Institute 72. FLATTENING TESTS FOR LINE PIPE Tine distance between plates for flattening tests for electric flash weld, electric resistance weld, and ‘electric induction weld ine pipe are calculated from formulas 7.2.1 and 7.2.2, and rounded to 1 decimal | GRADES LESS THAN x82 s=—20n__ 724 Oa + wD GRADES X52 AND HIGHER s 722 were: 'S = distance between flattening plates, inches 1 = specilieg wall thickness of pipe. inches D = specified outside clameter of pipe. inches ‘The Hlattening test formulas were developed by the Task Group on Welding and Weld Testing and adopted at the June 1870 Standardization Conference as reported in Circ. PS1398. SECTION 8 HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSURES 8.1 HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSURES FOR PLAIN-END PIPE, EXTREME-LINE CASING AND INTEGRAL JOINT TUBING The hyarostatic test pressures for plain-end pipe, Extreme-tine casing, and integrat-joint tubing are calculated according to formulas 8.1.1, except for grade A25 line pipe, grades A and B line pipe in Sizes less than 2% inch OD, and thvesded and coupled line pipe in sizes 6% inch OD and less, whieh were determined arbitrarily 2st FB coc on cones ana P= hydrostatic test pressure rounded to the nearest 10 psi for line pipe and to the nearest 100 psi for casing and tubing, ps! SS = iver stress corresponding to the percent of specified yield strength as given in table 6.1.1, psi ‘specified wall thickness, inches specified outside diameter, inchesBulletin SC3: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Properties 37 TABLE 8.1.1 FACTORS FOR TEST PRESSURE FORMULAS 1 2 3 4 3 6 7 FIBER STAESS AS A PERCENT OF SPECIFIED MINIMUM YIELD STRENGTH MAXIMUM" STANDARD ALTERNATIVE TEST Decree mae Test TEST PRESSURE GRADE size PRESSURES PRESSURES ROUNDING STANDARD ALTERNATIVE Aas 2 thru 3% ry 75 10 72500 2500) over 31 6 5 10 2800 2800 XandU grades 44 & under 60 75 10 3000 3000 Sy 8 Bh 75 10 3000 = 10% thea 18 35 10 3000 208 larger 90 10 3000 HMO, 55 &KSS 4 & under 20 100 ‘3000 1034 & larger 60 100 3000 L-80 8 N-60 all sizes 80 10 100007 75, 20 100 10000" = 20 80 100 10000"* -- 35 a 80 100 +0000"* a P05 80 0 100 10000"* Pino 80 80 100 10000" Higher test pressurae are permissible by agreement between purchaser and manufacturer. -—No alternative test pressu Plain end pipe is tested to 3000 psi maximum unless a higher pressure is agreed upon by the purchaser and manufacturer. ‘++ Nomaximum tet pressure, except that plain end pipe is tested to 3000 psi maximum unless a higher pressureis agrees ‘upon by the purcnaser and manufacturer. 82. HYDROSTATIC TEST PRESSURE FOR THREADED AND COUPLED PIPE ‘The hydrostatic tast pressure for threaded and coupled pipe is the same as for plain end pipe except where a lower pressure is required to avoid leakage due to insufficient internal yield pressure of the coupling or insutt- cient internal prassure leak resistance at the E, or E, plane calculated using formulas 8.2.1.1 and 62.21 respectively, 8.2.1 INTERNAL YIELD PRESSURE FOR COUPLINGS The internal yield pressure for the coupling i calculated using formula 8.2.1.1 and rounded to the nearest 100 pai Pe ov.(' w where: azar Ye = minimum yield strength of coupling, psi W = nomina outside diameter of coupling, inches , = diameter at ‘earest 001 in. root of the coupling thread atthe end of the pipe inthe power tight position rounded to8 American Petroleum Insti Fer round thread casing and tubing = (LFA) #H-28 0 For line pipe y= ULF THR wher E, = pitch diameter at hand tight plane, inches L, = length, from end of pipe to hand tight plane, inches, A. = hand tight standott, inches 1 = taper = 0.0625 indi. Hi = thvead height, inches 0.0321 for 27 TPL (0.0481 for 18 TPL (00619 for 14 TPL D753 for 1116 TPL 0108660 for 10 TP1 0.10825 for 8 TP Sm = 0:316in, for 10TPI = 0.917in. tor 8 PI fy = 0.2012 0r27 TP (0.2018 for 18 TP = 0.0026 for 14 7P1 = 0.0029 for 11% PI 0.0041 tor 8 TPI For buttress thread casing = Ep (Ly tT + 082 Where: E, = pitch diameter, inches Ly = length of pertect threads, inches, Size, in 513% Over 135 | = 04% 0800 0378 T = 09325 0.0625 0.0888 Weal WAheeees w Guna Formula 82.1.1 bases th The basis tor this formal : : 212 8213 214 Suing hydrostatic presture strengi on the coupling being stressed to 80 per cent ‘of minima yield strength at the Toot of the coupling thread at the end of the pipe in the powertight postion. was adopted at the 1968 Stancardization Conference ‘shown in Circ. PS 1360.Bulletin $C3: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Properties 39 9 6.2.2 INTERNAL PRESSURE LEAK RESISTANCE AT E, OR E, PLANE aa ‘The intecnal pressur2 leak resistance at the E, or E; plane is calculated from formula 8.2.2.1 and rounded to the jhearest 100 psi. For nula 8.2241 is based on the seal being at the E, plane for round threads and the E; plane {for buttress threads where the coupling is the weakest and the internal pressure leak resistance the lowest. Also formula 22.2.1 is based on the internal leak resistant pressure being equal to the interface pressure Detween the pipe and coupling threads resulting from makeup and the internal pressure itself, with stresses in the elastic, range. P wer ETN (W289) EW? ooo a cr 8221 {= internal pressure leak resistance, in pounds per square inch, rounded to nearest 10 psi = 20% 10° (modulus of elasticity) = thread taper, inn (0.0828 for round thread casing 0.0626 for auttress thread casing 13% and smaller = 0.0893 tor auttress thread casing 16 and larger N= number of thread tuens make-up ‘= Afor round thread casing (Std 5B) = A+ 1% for buttress thread casing 13% and smaller = A+ ‘or buttress thread easing 16 and larger thread pitch, inches (0.200 for buttress thread casing wr2, inches. ;for round thread casing, inches 2 = for buttress thread casing, inches 2 W. = coupling outside diameter, inches & pitch dia eter at plane of seal inches E, for round thread, inches E, for butress thread casing, inches SECTION 9 MAKE-UP TORQUE MAKE-UP TORQUE FOR ROUND THREAD CASING AND TUBING The values of optimum make-up torque listed in API RPSC1 in foot pounds were taken as 1 per cent of the caleuléted joint pullout strength for round thread casing and tubing as determined from formula {412 rounded to the nearest 10 foot pounds. The minimum torque was taken as 75 per cent and the maxi- ‘mum as 125 per cant of the optimum torque, both rounded to the nearest 10 foot pounds. in the study of make-up torque the Task Group on APSC1 observed that the API round thread joint pullout strength formula contains several of the variables believed to attect make-up torque. The task Group investigatec the possiblity of using @ modification of the joint strength formula for establishing Torque values. They found that the torque values obtained by dividing the calculated pullout value by 4100 to be generally comparable to those values obtained by field make-up tests where the API moditied «thread compound was used. ‘This method for calculating make-up torque was adopted at the June 1970 Standardization Conference fas reported in Cire. PS 1398.0 Amencan Petroleum institute SECTION 10 GUIDED BEND TESTS 10.1 GUIDED BEND TESTS FOR SUBMERGED ARC WELDED LINE PIPE DDimensioxs for the jig for guided bend tests for submerged arc welded line pipe are calculated from formula 10.1.1 wth reference to figure 10.1 FIGURE 10.1 Guided Bend Test Jig ro14 peaking factor specified OD. in specitied wall thickness, in. strain, Invin 0.1678 for Grade A 0.1375 for Grade B 0.1978 for Grade x42 0.1325 for Grade x48 0.1275 for Grade X52 0.1200 for Grade X86 0.1128 for Grade x60 0.1100 for Grade x65 0.1025 for Grade X70 (0.0900 for Grade x80, 0.0800 for Grace x100 HA Ase thin 48 Velues ‘or @ are based on formula 10.1.2 shown in item 4a of Circular PS-1340 reporting the actions of the 1967 Standardization Conference except for grade X70 which were adopted at the June 1972 Standardizat Gontoronce and shown in Circular P&-1440, The values calculated by means of formula 10.1.2 are rounded to the nearest multiple of 0.0025 with the exception of the values for Grades X52 and X56 which to the next higher multiple of 0.0025. (0642 Use e= 3000 = stain, invin Up = minimum ultimate strength of the pipe, psi e rounded 30.12Bulletin §C3: Formulas and Calculations for Pipe Properties. an ‘the values of D mension A in Appendix F of Spec SL. LS, and SLX are calculated from formula 105-1 and rounded to the next lower standaré value shown as follows: in in in in rr er 1200 280 625 tal ad 74184 te 3788 NT oe aa is a, 312 Derivation of the guided bend test formula i covered in the paper. “Development of Requirements, For eeaiene ‘Duetity of Welded Pipe” by W. H. Thomas, A.B, Wilder and W. O. Glinedinst, presented at the June 1967 Standardization Conference. SECTION 11 METRICATION METRIC CONVERSIONS AND CALCULATIONS Metric units in API specifications are shown in italic type and in the text and most tables in parentheses OnneSe diameters and wall thicknesses are converted from inch dimensions. The converted values, are aaantcs te the reareat 0.1 mm for diameters less than 18 in. and to the nearest 3.0 mm for diameters 18 in tnd larger, Wall thicknesses are rounded to the nearest 0.1 mm. Genre inside. diameters and drift diameters are calculated from the metric outside diameters and wall thicknesses and rounded to the nearest 0.1. mm. ‘clic plarrend weights. are calculated from the metric outside diameters and wall thicknesses by the following formula and rounded to the nearest 0.01 kg/m Woe = 02466 (0 ~ Metric hydrostatic test pressures are calculated from the metric outside diameters and wall thicknesses and metric fiber stresses a5 shown in the Hydrostatic Test Section. ‘The factors used where conversions are appropriate are as follows: 1 inc fin) 254 millimeters (mm) exactly 1 square inch (sq. in.) 645.16 square milimeters (mm) exactly 1 foot (tt) 0.3048 meters (m) exactly 1 pound (Ib) 45959 kilograms (ka) 1 pound per foot (Ivf) 4882 kilograms per meter (kg/m) 895 kilopascals (KPa) for pressure 1 pound per square inch (os!) (006895 megapascals (MPa) for stress 1 foot-poune (tb) 4.9558 Joules (J) for impact energy 4.9858 newton- meters (Nem) for torque “The following formula was used to convert degrees Fahrenheit (F) to degrees Celsius (°C):°C = 5/9 (F-32) rag % o> LaneBec ta gor Nndeg 823,2 American Petroleum Insitute 11.2 ROUNDING OF METRIC UNITS Metric units are converted or calculated in accordance with Par 11.1 and the number of digits shown ar accordance with Table 11.2 TABLE 112 NUMBER OF DECIMALS TO BE SHOWN IN METRIC UNITS - 1 - 3 PROPERTY WETRIG UNITS NUMBER OF DECIMALS ~~ Diameter mm 1 ‘Thickness & impertections mom 1 Upset & Coupling Length mm 1 Length ™ 2 Weignt kg 2 Weight per foot kg/m 2 Stress & tensile strength MPa ° Pressure kPa x 100 ° Guided bend A mm 1 Thread Elements Major diameter mm 1 Pitch diameter mm 3 ‘Thread length mm 2 ‘Thread height rom 3 Recess depth mom 1 J mm 1 SECTION 12 CALCULATION ACCURACY AND ROUNDING 121 accuracy In the calculation of pipe properties a sufficient number of digits shall be carrieg throughout to give two digits beyond the last digit to be retained in rounding, 122 INTERMEDIATE ROUNDING In the calculation of ‘certain pipe properties intermediate roundings are required before the final re- Suit, Instructions for calculation of the particular pipe property indicates when such intermediate round- ings are requited. For example; in the calculation of buttress thread joint strength, the cross sectional areas of the pipe and the coupling are rounded to 3 decimals before using in the joint strength formula land the diameter at the root of the coupling thread at the end of the pipe is rounded to 3 decimals before calculating the coupling cross sectional area. 123 FINAL ROUNDING In some of the earlier calculations it was the practice to drop all digits beyond the last to be retained ‘without rounding. Later, and up until 1942, the present rounding procedure was followed. For the Period trom 1942 until about 1968 the old ASA (now ANSI) rounding procedure was used. In this prom Cedure ihe last digit retained is unchanged when tne next digit is less than 5, or raised by 1 when greater than §. When the digit following the last digit retained is exactly 5 followed by all zeros, the last digit felained remains unchanged if it Is even, or is raised by 1 if it is odd. In the present rounding rule the last digit retained is raised by 1 when the following digit is 5 or greater. Wren ine following dig is less than 5, the last digit retained remains unchanged. This method was ‘adopted for simplicity in connection with computer programming. The computer programming procedure for this method consists of adding § to the digit column following the last to be retained, and then ropping all digits after the last one to be retained.