..:...

(, ·
... ., .. i~t
J ' ..,, , , , ~JIU
\...

e-mail: tarikh.publishers@gmail.com
 V~"""'i"
••, !;, , (,'
.)
, , ,... ,\3
.... :4f\"""

~t;.f~'i.riVjM ••{J'-39..:..c;-.....(

i.ri v,~,JR.'...[;/~
Ii •• '
i.riU'i)"'{W'..K_.y
IA_.t .. '
i)"'{

i"J~i Ji'/
f2012 ..:.J'~,

'-,i2001-
.,
:,.,U , j-
~ -
042-37249218-37237 430:~;'jJ1 JJ~",..1'7-39..!.c7...(:V~~~

022-2780608:~i<J~jj~Ji;j~ ;,f ~'j52.53:V~~~

~'hl)~m'5).~(,J,J.,G..!,../
j,.f'~;:V~~~

w1.A;0-f~
0:',1 .J~;)~.)fltJ.
.ii
e-mail: fictionhouse2004@hotmail.com
 7

13 J_C~jI; ~J(r~G" -1
19 J~?jI; ..:.-1(6,..:.-th:..b.lZ",:",?
..::;...(r~G" -2
25 J_C~jI; ",:",J?h~?? ..::;...~~G" -3
31 J~?jI; J)"JJj -4
39 J....0~jlj ~)D.lt"JJ~?jI; -5
.J,J..:.-th:..b.lZ",:",?..::;...~~G"
-6
45 J~?jI; ~L;.,JJ_C~jI;
55 J~~~jI; JL;.'.J,J~v!~.J~L(r~G" ~'-7
61 .JO~ bA·~.vt:,,~ /1(~":'-.JlP!JL -8
\"

65 J.Jlr.J/jI; rJ(r~G" -9
j IPlJ.Jt".J,J.::)L].;Jj
69 ~}I:),/ 'b.Jt"~~?jI;.J,J(i~G" -10
77 J'.J~;J':'~ (1(....fI2...L~~G"0"}·.I,Ju)i.l.(1i -11
85 YM(n?
MM.
"::">(..:"JJ_C~j!i;.J,'(r.t'G" -12
 8

91 4,:)~.JJ~1 t.~t.J(JA·(J~~lij -13

99 _JJi.I:)~}y .:d"~~~ -14
105 ~.vJ~.J~'~ J~~lij.J,,(i.tG" -15
11 1.i'1)'"¥Ii j .J..;(I.tt~/--fi:"'1>. -16
121 J~~lij ~():I(.:..5. -17
 9

,virJLJ...A(v!b.lt-?r.~I-'f-t"-'f('I.lIJJ(v~~Q.lt"
LJlJ1.lIJJ ,r..J;V1 0<.1j-'fl~ I/- o;~ Ji I/.Jjyff.;.1/.:
(;;1 ,",1.1,1
L-'fI~.I~I''''::''1J~LV!d'-,.{~;~u2._'''-4/!J~-'f..R.,..fI(b.lt-
O<.I"t!"'::".I,?J(f{~v!I;)I'~!J ax~~~tr/.I/'?.I"v.t?.1
Jl;)lu,.{V1~J~;,",lf"'::"~I'.I~'IV'.IIJIJ:b,'J~'~k--';;-I"_'f-
f..:;... r;IJJ(~v! ~';~~I_v.t 4.-JJl;;.1
/'~.I"(,';'_'f- t-~Y<
v.t ?-.IL. rl;;.IL_v.tj~Y<~""~LJiJI.lIJJ(;;lu;\.aj-'fI~r.
_f--I:ir.l~xL ro;~.I"
2._'"'1'0jY<l~fr./I~.I,'l;fijJ!v!o;~o~L~~::",",1
Ir.jG1J£I)JL,",I.I".I(;I"'::"1J~L"I,.(v.rL-'flP.~I~/L~o{,
V!J..IPL~'I"'::"1J~L,",Iv:if...rV1,=-Jj,~J.YLl.::!I.I"V14:-
-,-/.t:'.I"Jf
l:1.1vf,Y<I/>.....fI~m~.tL~.I;if.'f-f~;(r..r'f-=..,::..~('I""/,J
~(j->.I,)!..,::...I~'""_~
... , JrfLlvi.A,'117,=-I~JI,L
'." G,~
"
ji£'hl~;;ljIL.IIJfJ~.I'I~'_(-'f~.tL~.I;,",Ii]!~;~.I"Y<';'>'S
c,)JI-'7-O<.I~(p.;I,)!_(~';-I~JI,Lifi/~(j...{lI,)!"'::".I~,",1
 10

r
..:.-lJ~LI.)';j.""I.)YLzowlf-J~'" ..:.-?-,f-.JrJi)'ldv
dvL~,
-f-I;z.JO~";,,,J.J~IV-
J~/~dL":'-lJ1~,p!LL,!L~ ff-J"'=":'-.Jr'.J,'-fI
..:.-tJ~2..I_?~Vf.J,lvrL./J~IV-J~~IIi)'I~,.h'fv?Lz._i!
- .. • .. '7

";"".J._i!L~Oi-flt.-)i)'I-~v:iJz..I,JI(i)'I~d-f I.lJ.~J.I
-f-J'!",r ..:.-?-,f-.JrJi)'ll.)i.J"1.lJ.
LJ{I
.J'IL,!",JJJ'r.J"jlJV-o/L¥~ff-=)v-fI(J'{~
v-J~L~J1ji)'liv..J(.£I(;I,..:.-tJ~£..?L,_f~"'k.L""~JI)I~1
,.,vOl (ifL..:.-tJ~Li)'If-r-f-I;z.J
r~ll..:.-tJ~L~ Oi-flo/lv
. -1)",";1),[

./rl..:.-?-,f-.JrJif.ff-O:f~J(r.tlr,t.-I>.J..Iv-~t:f~
l..:.-tJ~.J,I~J~I,dL":'-IJ~:;-lvilLJI)I.J"I)""j;I)YLzL
-f-~JJ-k
'J",J.Jr"JJi)'lji"'(J!;)~..:.-hlLeJJ~-=-,LZ~~J/~
J,!J~{VfLh~IJ1~~i)'I~'f-r'!l/;f~IJi/~Ji)'lji~,1.lJ.
?(~Ji)'lfr~r~l)JlPohI-L(;~ldL..:.-tJ~;_'Ii)'Ij!,L'~
,... y -y .. ,

_L'!I/J~f~I,J.L~kG.J~I~i)"f-l.)!o/~./1
L I.)~':::'--{v?.J,IiJ!J,L ~t:f~ _1",£ ~dvL -:-->~ t.-I>-
~.JLL~I.J,'~J?IS;!.Jv-",£~I/~I,,,,-./~/~lfLi)'IL~
., '7" .. ,. •

t:"f-J~"'~~~~IJ~I.f1.lJ. Jl!.{ I.)ltL{d.J",.J~if)u:.,v-

-f-J r2..'vLI.)Ht~if).J"&~
tft",t,'/...fiJL'v:iJ!J,viIL./J..k''';~,f-.JrS-:-->~l,.,1>-
1.,::...-'~.Jj~~{J~i)'lfrf-t.J'!I/..:.-;~iJ!J,.J"k.~(;~'(r'viI":,,,I'f-
((i)'Jr;'f-IJJI;rJ~((V-":'-'.J~Iv.:r.'J~yjiLL'!l'v:iJ!J,
 11

ji~~~(;,lIj~"'..::.-/ttJ"'(;)J~!-!J(;)ki:jL(~~'~...J,rv-
fLlJ.lJI,~J;..V-~'(",:",I},Jt:)ILJ1Z:1u2...I)'I'LviV-(J./JI./Ju
-V!.. ~.IJ./.I'Ji;"JI;.I"V!
, .. ~./..,. ~._.>. LP"I>.
1t.fJ,~LP"I>.-tv.iJ1.1"jL(~J"Jf.4-~J~;~I)"f'f-I)'~1
l)"f~~t,",2...Lt.f.;,'LLJJk.L~{!JI)"ujiL~J":':;'(~
- ,."-
.I"..::.-;~((J(I)'IJ~~Y,LL~~V-~(",:",Ihf~LP"I>.~")
-~ 'f-.IJ~/~J~LP"I>.J J'v~L(J,ar
t./Jvr"Lt:)'V-'-AL..::.-tJh>L(;)I.I,'~J~LP"1>.
~J(;)I~JfvkzI/JvJ?V-'-.I\L.lIJJL(;)I_~Jfv.:c:rJJ1
J (;)Ik-k-- ~ .1,1~ .:.:? J J!,~ -I J~J.I';' Ju; I~'.I" i'J4-
.I,'Jlf..:J"L J!,qLU.t(I-J!G"Jl}J.I'JJjr'L v.t(,v-,-,
Ll'y,{.JiH~j;~L&c:,.I",t:f( t:f.l';-I,~U:.-j~J,~IJL(=I~'
_LLJJ~l)J~
J/._.'j J._LJJk. L ,j.;rml(;)lG":"L'tJ
.,.
~L.II;'J.I.t?./ .1;',-,1..-
y ..

--r>.~-LviV-J'LLJJ~'V-..:;k--~I.I"LLJ~ ,_P(J.t;
.. .' .. '. .,' '.. .. L 1(;)'V,PiJ.O'.t(
-V!LJJ~I(._.'jJ.uji~a~V-~I..-J"'V! ,

viI~r~ILJ.O'.t(_L~v!(;)'.I.~r'LI)'/(~LP"I>...:.:;,1)'1
2...L(;)I?,L rLv-...yr/~I.J"I>.':':tJ~A.I,'~t",}tJ...J)--0
-I.:;..r l? J;)JJ.J/--0
.. ,,
2;_~vi?J(;)'V'Pi._f":':;;jro,f~I..IJ1~~~:f?{f_lfl.;;<r
,., -~: .
-J.fJ}./(;)~~j£,t;"~J)...t!.JeJ;.(0,f.{..::.-~l)'lvilL..::.-tJ~;:L
(if:::''ft/j{I)'Iv:'LJ1;{J/..::.-tJ~L._f",:",I~p.LI' 1947
I.ll(-(J~1.I,I"I>.v:'LJ1 LJ ~(I)'I_~ ~ 'ft~L~~vl(;)~~
j~~f(J1tJ~{J~J"::'-V".I".I~I,..::.-tJh>.J.-'f-vi':;".I,?J?
 12

j'{/I,;n/-, ~'(Yi~J~ .::JL.I';'J.I~.lt;.I'k'~). {.IJ45!)'/..;:...r'r:-

_'(Yi~JP.ov!A,~-:;'J.b,'JIr'V'r:-.l~?i{UJJ~
U';'iJL":':;"'(YiI:[J,r;?~.::.-tJ~~LYiL.I~=f",J~~
~1..P~1>.v!~v,z..v'_'(Yit.l~Uv(~JJYiJYiJ...f'(Yi~J.J./
0~~v!rf(Yiv!J~Lv'?''(YiC;'(e;Ir~=-JYi,.;:i'::'-.I,?J
_'(£~J'-:"'?(U~L~J;;.I(i{UJJ~J
tJ~ L 0'~ Uv (1.1'-", J.lt"~ J~I..P ~ I>.
t.lv!.J 1:7L.::.-
-,,-vt'::'-.I,?J
, .Lb.J.h'.Iv!J~Lv'.I,'.::.-lJ~eJ?Yu1l,
4':"::...1..,
 13

t::.- -?' Sci-f'/'

.::.-~ .I"I.)~} (IJ., "j: ~ S~ I,.,'" I>.
.
.I,fI.)JCt,{,l.)iW'J)';.I,LC),fvJ1 cf'~
- - 2_ L 1.)}.I1"'.I,'
l.)it,v,1,...
..
J'J.~"j: ~ U:'...fIi.I-M.I"v.J~?._f\;!MJ'~,.J~...fI(1.)J1,j,
,:fi(if.f v. J
J}.,f~~)'~ (i,L.lbJ' L ~ I,.,'" I>. _J1";&;_.:::;}>
,f.!'::'-;'f' S ~J ~/,j r../..::.-JJ.lP d,;-'.I",.i. Z-i. f.i. ~ J Lf
i,.;&;_,ju{'~~,lil;z.lv~'(().IJJJf"j:-=:-~JIjLC)'_.i.~J
~~(v'~~-~....(;v!I.)';'.ILJ.t;tJ.,'/,j0i";.I"LJ1~j~
~..tJ.I"--?A/~JC)'?fl.)J1?fct('it;JU:b)';.I,,;-,.,fJ1
J'i .::.-'/t"L J(/() / .4.fJL, ~•., L
" :,/j""--' C)~'k V-;J.-\.,n-'-J~J',
~ £v.·~JtC:'.I,,(g :(jt:l;"":,,,crtJ."L "",';,?f ~;;
4••n~...

_liVhJV-;'"jILI.)'.I(.:.-Av~/~p.L()JI)'j?f7;;(--d~1
if(J({()/-.i.J~Jf~f,.I-t.:(i'.I,'I,;;'.IL~('" v---d~'v'
t"J1~,f./I&;_Jfj'cI-.I,'.i.LJ1~£'/ .J,.,....(f.l,J_.;>I,.,"'l>.f~
.... 7 ... .,

~JJ'~.I&;_'p.LJ;fJ~~~.IJ'.i.L~LJ'...fI...fI,f./I,li
 14

(JLfv! ~1.1J1,v1'
?1':'('~~~l>.fli:-./t" ¥J~f~/i./Ie:.
?J!.,I)lo,-v1' Lfvi~t;j.-=-t.)floJf7-~vL.::..-~i./Ii./1,:>1
J!{t.),;;LI:)I,e:.Lf.::.&.::..-~.:.(.(.)j';-=-~I.I"e:.L rfJ-=-~1
.IJIt]Y"I;LlfLJ:;J.I"P v!J.YL)I.t1.JI.tI-=-if.,/(.).IIbJ~
_~tflJl
,
-.
fifliJL>*.. t..I-t.)fl-=-~J ~"';vrJ.llJf L .
_:>~ ~I>.

., ..rJ..:~J.t1jrLI.lJ~lt..I-.J,lr
J....J-I.O..:;;;?.IJVrI.lLi./I.lJI....{J..,
-=-~IfI-v1'~fr-P/~LI:)ILd..lJI~J~tJ:?fv1'~.)
r/ (Sole Spokesman)'CJL?;Lf"(~t:JIt.).h .•L.··"/~~~1>.

,I -'I
~.::..-11'.lo.:lt..I-~.I~L tJJ r~f7-1 rt".t1:-v!b.lt"j~J
-=-i./IJ!~~~I>._~J~;'/'.I'I~'-=-t.),/'J-=-'?fv1'JIf(.)~J
-:..IJu.-JIj,If(....'::""'IL
.. y ~JI,Lt.)JP.::..-~L~'-~
V-: .. Luit.l~ ~
.,

.::.clJ.I...f'-=-t..I-~'- v1'UJ);? ~ ~If.:.(. t..I-~.1~L I:),-=-JjJ

(Larry iff u.d ,t.)~~) JJ d 7- t..I-~A L (.).I~ J1:)1
-!.r.1(~)"":,,cr~1(Dominique Lappiere)~tJ ~J;.I"Collins)
L cJlr.- L ~I~~, ""t..I-;I.tl JL1.I;v! ((.)JI;rt..I--:..1.1
~ j) '~t..t
i./1t..I-,1947 J",t.!.t(lilt.lJI"fJtJfil?'~~JL;.1 tJJj"J.~
J...£~.lY!;I.I:-_licC_CJ'(r-?:rI:)V-Jy&j'L~.t1'_:;;IJ-=-;I.lr'
A·I,t.).r..tfJIJL.t1 t..I-..::;.--k--Jv-,Y&?f /1,,:- ,li" tJI ...f'
,iJ(j!.I;i./IJI.I:-t:f-lf fJ~{.I},f:fJ'Lb.lt"J ~I.I,'J~{
 15

j~d.;f.J ~Jf?uj-Jr_vu)u,/.fjJ.:.$lP7.1;~nJv'.",
':'I.S'.I)+-~J?JLv,,f,,,t],j1.,
u: d!f~ U:'-A L0{.I~/-I~,,"L~l.J~I>. ..JI'y~
LL}'~~U:;I;:IJLI.lj/~~'-.I{vl-t]jJ,_i?JJ/L~-j
:flPlL.t1LJj~I~?LU~~
:;:/-I~l_lic:CD.lD;:;...fJVJkJJj;!/fli~41.%.I;VlJ/"
lijfj.l,rY~:.f?~-J.,-,-,-;.-jfje((t(~.dlv!Jl.il-fl1
':'V~J}'~ U:J.I.f.'"Jvl
~J~~~I>.)f.t1~~(vliLIr~}'rP[ljifvljj
~;'-I.lDJjj_liA"'J.lb(~t:J~...ftJI-.Y~~if.f t] ~,.jj71JDJ
~h~I-L-;-IJ,f.lJI..:.)JVlJ~-jlr.t1r ...fiu.I{iLIr..!.-f
.I,I~r£J;;7/;,.lv'/JlilL ~v-,...q, ./fj,...q....uu: vl-::f ~
, y /' - .,

,,::..g tJP,fl,~...fJ')Lv'f ~ ~,;·,f~~vl_~ to}'ui~I~I

fJ.t1.1~;v'j~Ju.I~J~l.JVI>._t]r"DJV~UyP~Lfk--
-kJI:;.Iy';';Jk;.I,'/~J~,,fLv'
/ e~L DJVI.LY~ JUJU;J ~t:J~.IJI~v-,...q V- 1997
~. - y. y
f'

':':_'y1J'JI;;"",:""V
-flL(Patrick French)~)Jhi-.IYu)U,/.
U:I.S'JI.r?fJJ..4~"::"I:;:JV-JVlLvlu:~L",:""v Vl-J ~t:-
,~v-,...q L 1.1' 2_ L~? -vf b>' 2_ L ;)(.,1L~U,/..:./;
LVI J~? LV,u:';·L VI,£. ;bf'~ uH,lj (~t:J~ r
vI>....fU(f.f~ if(vl-hJ}'.:% ~JJtI jL{oJ}'~~ J u~uif)
 16 _

-livi'.JJ4f-...J',(u.J~,J~~
G...Jr'r'"
I
~~e,J:. ~"v1..~;ji!Ll:)'v!,J-/v!JLJ,j,
.,'t ., I
1940
..J/f~.J,',e:.J;;,~~~Ij,JJ' ...ft1...[i,J...y~ '-/'J_4./1
.J"J,.A(~..:..(.lt;;.Jt".J"~
iSC)t:f~-:'~iv!J?',l:)t:f~~ ..::..,j,JI.:}'
'.J~,..;),J,?,f tJ~ ...?L1.I'-f-..::..~J"~Jh.Jv! ./IJJ
JJ..ii,,,,,J( 'f-vilJ't! rPv!, 19461.:}? hr.,f~L.t1LJ
J.~L,;:IS ",,_L ..J';Vv!..:&..::..~~ J.:J v!Y.J" v!
[..1>. V!, 1946ff- ~_liv.iIJ'J? ,(.0; u'u t~_ J.'-'-'-.;....
"::"Jl;JI Lf-'v!..::..,~,t;.-J~'U.t1~J1 Pov!J/LJJ-i~~
_,-J..::..;~tlu.J,1I)',?f,J.!
~"".J~J
(..::.. L ~ ~ ~I>.f f- ~...ft,f-: ~~u/'J,fl
d~~S,,_r.f f- "::"UAP,,Sl:)'J',LJ)v!J?,Il:)t:f~ fkGl!'
.I" L v! l:)t:fr:r~ A tL uJ(' v! c.I1)"-'J1~(g (.:..r'~.J
L ...y(.,f f- J?'Y"::"Jl;,fS I)"'~f- ~~Lfr.J-i~'-/-
JG"I)".J,',i:..Jlt~L~"...[J~Ll:)I,Lv.iJ}~uJlhl.J
u.J~~'L~~l"l>.k~~~~-JJ"i-.J,;J~SJ.fi:...J.i
kiJJ'~/'~t:f~LJ1,-.f,-.i"eJ;...[/:f.t1l,(" .:..r'.JJ-:)iJ..;L
uk---:p.L..::..~,Sl:)I..f{:JJ1..::..;~,f.:..r'.JJJ~L j..::..~-:_L~
SuJlh'.Jl:)'_~J1((t~[..)u~v!LJ,JIJ"""'LJ.lh'.J
Jif'J1'~/t"-:V- ('I.J""AP!"JV.J,'/~ S ~~1,,1>. L 0 (t
.J~'J~ Jl.u,..::.. J)~I.:)' l:)l;!f~
y. y
ji:..:?::....J
I
•.t;~ /'J~J.J,'_:>~ [..1>.
...
 17

,.:;,"/::L 1,,(1 v.f't i L ( if'T- L .:;,G,SI:)I?f

-?' t.fr_IJIl-P! ~JIl"f.!
;:k~._!C,.):...(t::LL£;jLJ'i'LI:)ILu,flft/;Jk~(I/1
.I,I,~J~IJ(tLl:)f::LLL~/jIY).<.I,IJltLt'LuP.ut/
L.I{I:)I(tLI,)J1'fi~.I"I,).,J~'U).('u~';"t.f'T-J~:,.:i),1.f1
l;1>.~fl,)~"LI:rv-..p~L;'LIr.v!;~u;j~~_v.r ~
~'~.tG"'~}!~V-vi.V S"':"~_'T-~JIlI.f~I(~?"'S~~
I,),.I?IJL._!C1.f'_J1'_:;;I'~
l,).Y't.l(LI:)I~I:)I?)!~'T-~I:r~
u:.f'L~r,pVt.f?./I:)I,~,ft.:f.tJ
• Y" /,....,r
;...If....(J~ P'.tG"2...L;)"".I,f
I

v)(~tJ.lb/~~_'T-u.J.:;,~UJ'.:;,LIJi'.:;,Ll"iI~;{Vi.cr
_'T-~JIl,.tGII,))'J...;;-v.l,~~if.'v.rJl:rtJ~jv'/-~V-
J~(t.f{~~l;I>.V-",:"I?Ll.ffitj.({U~(V-~,J~~'
Jv fi ",:",-,f) "f.!"y~.:;,;JfwJ/?.J;lJ1lrs,j~ ~Il~{if.',f
ct-~I';-f.:;,I.I~II:)Jif.f'T-,ft.:f.(,...&',JvS ~.tG"I,d) -25
2...~
~L.tG"f v.rL)~1r'/I,)t/'v.r4r-J.:;,t~I,)IVk--_v.r
LJ!f v.r~t.:f.~v....(t::LLI,)p'I,)t/~.tG"V)I.fI'~{
-v.rL)J~f((lh"v.r L)~;,,{(t
tj!J:, t.f J//lf 'f- ,fJll(iI.l,';[,A.I;'I.fl~ S('i.tG"",:,,1
...{ir.l;e,i,t],y;(ISl:)lh,t]S,:;,&':;'~~I:)I'liJJ,~01"f,-.I
V-'/lr.l; ",:"UJ (':tG"~/'v- 0'..iv.l"'T-
~1:rt.:f.J;((il (I:)~~
t.fLI,))t/'-.IIn~",:";I.fIL~.tG"-'f-cd),,y~(~;~...(t
( ";iJ?~fli~tj!J:,t.fLY!J.lt;;JI,j[P-,SJ>ISLi)le.tb
 18

J;L ~'V- LL;LY'f~_~lPP'J.;>-..fI/(!.tlrtfL u,f,L

->. .
~.IJtfJ;fj J'._.;>I,.. ~ I>. iL UI--.
_... ()l,,..,,j'J f..::,:,
. f ~.=:;, -... .J, ~}

~I>. _~Yi ..:%~~V- P!? .I,'v.?JYi ..:)~.IJU~;'JJ)~iv- u?

~.tIrL..Jj;;,;_,fuL/f~v.!~p!Lv,tf(J;'JJ'~1,..
J')J~-..fIJ'( if'_~~J~1b7("j~.tIr'~}LYi~{( ;~L
/J,~J,;z..LL(p.y./~~'L(YJ,;~f-r-(fv-b.l~J'
7lPP'~~LJ;JfrJ'LYiL;;?'{J'L,J;LJ.I(i,~~JJLl:;'
,f;!'V-..:.-tJln"J.YL!.....~.I~,JV-,_rJ/'J~..:.-~.I,'..:.-LJ'j(i'f
.I~J/'Jiu.r L jV-~J'-d'='.I~J:;fVJy{..:.-~-..fI~,~-u.r L r
_V-'_".I~
':

,f do..:V Ll& J'A" J.IJ~;'J

U:'....fi ~ J'~ I,.. L,-I>. V- ~ L;)~
oJ~L£JLU,f,~j,? (~L;)l~f.c...Jl.>,..,V-
, .. .. uH-=-~J'if.f.c...
. ,
Yit,,;..:.-U~'-=- uf- i-r- J j..:.-~J'~j,L ~,~ (:/-_'Yiv.!,.1{
~J.;~}L~~.I(J.Zj-=-'~~L?-f~L;)~ (( J)j~,f u.r L~
!!!e:.2::..l.,t~J)k.l,'J.I~....(i-=-'~,L2::..1.,
, ? - .. ,..,.
 19

C)~~f.:;...f J2.t1r.t1(jI,;.I~I.)!--'v,{J;,-/,Jf 'f-~.t1

.I,I0'JI),.;1)1(conspir~cytheory)L.}I'JJJvl.)! L"r'fi I.)!.
~~/Jrf 'f-(~J?h~vll:)l?.1 '(l.5xf_;J~.:.-G",'yf
t.fJ,.:;...
S1.5,1.l4'J
L1:1.:.c1'.I0J.fl:)~ r--flh)ji~J(:..(f{ .I}(~-'f- r~.t1~
kLI.lk;rJ'~--fldA;f'f-~~kJJl{I.I;vl.:;...IL.fJ}.c;!
vr'':'-.I,?SLi; J.kLhi.:;... d'j,.;IJfJf.l,Iv.rL~.t1.1~'(}i..!zji
Sl:)t1~-~v1·_Hp~/~;;'G"(}L~~Lrv-~vf_L.fv1
.I?u~ifU:'JI.)!'-AL~;.lf[frl.5jf.l"I.5.1~'.:.-t~,J~J
L1:~-" yf.l,'v.r (~JJl:)VeJ,J2v.r
J~fi~kv.r J~+-jiJ,'? v.r
.. ..
-IA' z...~&~.r::...I.r::...'.I"Li'~(r..:;...Ji,,-.%~
,. ,.
'(l:)~--flL(r;;'G"{' .I}(~ ~
I.)!l:)~r:r 'f- r~ kJ.I~.I~.JlY
1~.I'JV-'.I~Lt'~:!>.?.:;...~/J.}--fI"k~Lft.l"';~'-.fo.l,'L
v'.:.-G""yf.l{jl:)~"v.r 'f-.I.fl:)~5.1J+-I,-jvl.2_LL.f
Y--fI:, 4v.rLi'ui;; '('-
~'f-~ ,:,-Y. '(l:)~vl,J2.t1.:.J? »
 20

-'It( v.fji~vf~f-l;..~ U)(,;-foj:,Lv"~ ~f-I:)/tJ'f.l

v'
tjf/t../.~if.:L ':-Jg J.)'f~'-"rJ.I~'.IfJf~ L (Pt.tuf ~
f<.IIf>I.,.n~)i~f_f- tf~fJ}._'.I}L':;';? ...ftll:)'r;vl{t
t../. ~\)t>,;-If/'~ ~tJ:I,-jvfJ!~P'.I'f)(,..J,/,~
.I'fLef.::)iYS~.tu.:-~Lj~v~...ft.J. 0 f-.IfJ~f
~l:)f~.I'f0LfJ~f~f2...LLJf-tv./t-jJZV-'-ALl:)f
-0 ZZIJ.~ jiLIf>~ {(Source)_lf.Y(I:)~vf

(Books ~(f4001.-6-25(l:)fl ...

~t;'.1~(...-,-/-",:::;'vf
(J...ty- LI.lp'..J,/,t../.
if.f- t£(~'fu.:CJ) & Authors)

-f- tft(.:;,Y~f J~Jinnah: Making of a Myth I:)f~ I:);V...ft

.I'f~~~.Iiv:r.U!. ~,-jJ.j~.IJLJ_CY-~I>.t../.I:);V v'
-zf~/S4~YI:)'
"However, Jinnah himself on many occasions

expressed the view that he was the sole creator of

Pakistan. In one of his famous qoutes, he said that he and

hims typewriter made Pakistan. The statement disregarded

the efforts of his colleagues and the other muslim league

leaders in the Pakistan Movement. It also downgraded the

people's participation in the struggle for a separate

homeland .

....(f-U~J'~~f,(I:)~L
- ~
t../.f0efY~ .:.-f.L~1>.
y
):,..?,;
 21

1l,_(ikIr.Lft.l--/~'-/-.l"Lv!~t:f'~f'lLvJ(,v-~~.I,r
'f-j""JJ~,-"'!J(jI.lJd~~'-/').I'lf~.lL~I..J/..:.~I.:)~
('f- j"" -.ft t.fJ.:;;!.).;,1.1
IJfL(1/v! (jt:f'~~ i.J.
~J'fJ_,j~jljfLJ-.l~'~I.:),jjitp.~I.:)~=,~Lv!
~'=.-ILvl.l'I.::...LJ..JlY(I.:)lr.L'~.tG"·
y , _ _ I, ., y trJf
r v-"'1.:),;v'=.-IL
......
(j~(v)vlf'f-fiU:-V.>..::,.?(I.:)~IlI~(;;t.-:v!~;PI&C:~
t(r kJ (j~
L( gL(jt:f'~'klr.l.:)t:f'~
L ft.l--/ ~'-/-.l,IL v!f
L~~.I,I.lJdd.
;J?..J /..:....fJvJj r~.tG"~L ~ (jt:f'~_li
fil""~~,.:_.L(jlv!~~IlI.l,Ii:. ,.f-J)7.;.lI.J.i:.L(r~(}
~.:;.;IJ7.!.l/.. _/'" ~,I;h;:I,'
.. / r'/ ~..::,.tlr.LI.:)'L?-.::...Iy;~e ~
'-1.... /' .. , " • ~

V,!jJ~.trj{.I}';.)Lv!-t.J1JJfe~v!"::".I~~crLfi'f
if.1J,vil.:1It.fJiA)~~jiej~~!.lI$JI.:)'~.I"'f-tp.~~.lif
eJflJ'fJ_,j~jljLv!-y;t"r..J.1{~,-"'!J(I/kf~.lL(jl~
~-( V"" (j~v! -v.:J'-J"::"?'( 1.:)~lll~,.itJ"::;'t.J1r ~
"::"~=,LV-~I'(.,Jviji..::,.,tJ!i(Il'fkr,-:;I?, ((jl~L~/
L~~jLfV-f~-'f-J"~~~jLf"""~.lJd~~;~
Iv'/L 1.:)1 bL vJ(I~f~ ';:'b.lJ~I.:)IV-
~ 111.1,1V~Il~
(j'I.:)~=,~~.lj?ifi'f-tp.~~(:..~~.trjej=,U:L~x
Jf(~~Il'L~.trjf'lLvJ(,_(iv-JY'":"',?(I.:)'-'f-~...f
r(t"Jvi,,::,,~o:,U:L~.trjfv""if.~,:;,JvPV-.l"vi..::,.?
(J - ~t"',:)if; I;.ij.J,I~
.1 ';/t.:.!/r- '-("
/.. /IL· L.../r.I~.I';V-!.I~~I(jl.J~uk--
- • •
 22

Lt'.::- ~~jL!("/Lv..-v.tL'f..f ~ ~U:1i.LLf./'f1

JV';I-J,!~v~~~U';IA."'I.5JJ'fJ_t'r-*jljJ:l.5l~j):pt
~v..';j~L~pJ~;:~~?"';'/*4J_t'r-*jljf7-~~
. ~.~J,i{d,;~~~/G'f~t~~IAj"v.t L'fJ'~ ~.;fjlJ~j
~;:G'~,vR'f-r;t{'U~~J.P~Iv:ri..ftJ~v.t LfJ~Ii.L
IjJ/.:;;,?;~J Lf{i.. ,;;J~t~L~I~.::-
.. 'Y"
~JL5.?v..'-jLL
•

-Lfui
~;:G'u! ~ L eJl;:.f~
LjYitJl.5t/.tJ ...fji:2003 J,-13
....fi~YitJV-~VU;._[;~V-,V-~j/"ULf.IYi~....fiV-Jt
~;:G'u}J<.:1-fV'...;~:' v..tILt IL ~'{ C)jit;1.5).I1'U",;,/*
.::-if.~u~,..J'~f" ....fii.L~.::-~I,.¬ ::.~~...;v..~jV
L£, j,'lhj~I.....;~J;:;jJ~LjLL/~IL
.. .. /., '" r'#';:G'~lj'JLP J

. ?" "r. '."" • .,.. r; I"

_...,J
V • c: r .. jlJ~J...:.'-1~ '- /,Ij ";"'~'-/- j,1c:
'{ I_
V" ~~ ~,..J .

L v-,]t?__VYi~~/
-: .......,. ,C)I?-v...::-vl,IIC)~""';I,,,,
.... .. v- ;1.t11.5}1)1
V'..Iflj.::-~(..p~}J/~j; ..;:tl.'":,,,l>.lfl.5j'-IL~;:G'(~lfl
1~~~I,L(1'l.5j rL~;:G'_(_,[L5'f~';;J LI'Vl.::- eJ'j,'
v- ~jVj"7-jlfl.5 J,-IL C)1...fL/J.}? v.t~ (..p~}("/
" .. Y".u.. Y "".I' r' ..
.., -'::""jJ?'''-vL
,-,e::..I.:)" jl(:fi".;,J,v'?,I.:) .. jl/ ~.I.' ~'- ~I.;,J,.Ji
U:',J....fi'rL~l;zjJ?,,-L5'v~ L ~;:G'v- ujiG'u.(IiV-f1~6
............
L(Lu,;I-.¬ ::.?f!;J,v..Jl?~~ ~;:G'uLf.LujiG'u.
/;:Lt/LC)I('J-II.5k.~{ujiG'u.~;,(~~L..::)L4jiJ,'
 23

....fojl.;1f.J.,£v.!.;:.-~t.f..f,f.L
~.tG"(Y-~~?Yfi.l-i~JI
L~~/..t{./.~Lvf_.nt.n~~(.it-Jf-=-if."v.!,f.t.f
L'"i' j(r.tG"':.r~-=-~.tG"LJ~-fi'-/-{';Y...fif~14~
(1I.I'f~(cJc:J~,v.!':r J~~';.ljL ~.tG" i'f-.11r.cJc:J;
4JfC)~";;f'~-=-)L~fVf~~'{('/fJG"tJ.lIa~'f-.1Ir.L
-uf;?Yf";;
., Y)?
. OJ

1~.tG" v: cJ~!J~1WCz ,;-f L ~~ if...t~jJ; C;}i./f

C)~~fr.f()!J~.I~r.fL~.tG")?ff-1),-)if-()_Y;~i..LL~
U.,fffv.tOf/J.;:.-~Vf;(.I~J
?-).l1qJ~.tG"_p.1Ir.LU.,fflf
L('fr.fJ~f(We)(J;;J~v..~LcJc:J~(g.l'ftJ)f;j..fiL
Ltfo'_r.fv.!J~f(I)'V-"J;;JL;u.,ff{eY~u(c;-1Ir.cJl;J~fJ
..;f.lf,Jj,~L C)f.J.f-.lLf ...Jj)J u;,~;J(f/.J/..;v..;(.I~
L,hl!f ((0) if-{ -.!l.u.l'f(~lL u.h.L:"{ .I}L;;:L .;:.-f)1)
JcJf~LU.,ff'(~.lf£~1.nV~)J.(~!.~Jjr(':f-~
'-kIiLfi.l-l[J;~~fj;~,~~l:)fv!cJc:J~J,...-j'fU;.~j
:L{L U.,fft./u!-b;:ftt.4:--)£ I 947 ./.;rf-2S}{.nvh
,". t__
,

The Muslim League has already achieved its mission

which was to establish the independent state of Pakistan.

LU.,ff1f(f-~fv(.,JyLtfLf(G"cJt;(~~(:-?;)
-h)/~~ ..!.-.ff(cJ~;J~
J J. ..!.-,.,r s.
.J/..; (' L f,,:",?'::"t kof.~ -=-~.tG"f:,~
 24

f-.l;;V ~/~C)I?}J{ IJ1f-.lJi~./t-JJt~'-.l~L,:)I.J"1J1 f-.I

~ ~t.5/-':r f- ~Dj~~?'- r;~ut.5.1(I...fI J'~tJl-v1
(l:)k~vi~(j/"~I~LJ_C~jlr~~~JJIj.£L/
...y(.;~,J'v1..::.-~~IJ/U:L('i.tuff-~..:.J.? _(tJ~f-~Jj
l:)~~(g.l",j..::.-C1'. h},u,! j,~ "::'-Jg J'
J'u'.I~':;;'}".:f.I.I,'J
,jt,j£L/.:;.,;ylSu2'vL~~ufhJf.:r.~~Lb.lt-S..41!L.
,~Jl(ID,~LufL/I~~u-Vv1U:~ILr;~uJ},fl
~ ~'f.,_i:Lf..::.-/,-JJuJ'd-i:L ~,j'vJu.I".!:.-}~
--(il:)~(J~ r?,(tVtJl~k-1 jfj.lk'L.:;;,,~nL JI..I~J-jr
DLPyL.C)~~(g~fhI;.AJ~__";I'~L'IJ1';;L~}d~~
f'-J.I';Lu';li~~,-~~u.a?'vL)'...fILu? ~U.D'..41!
f-hIr.L...y~,I(I/J{viLu'.IIK;r.h.l"U,!j"l:)~~fV
,.;Lr;~uJ?L(tVtJl~~ jfL}li- ':'-JgS...J..I"l"xLr(.1,'
,flif£:.L/~/u2v ~I t,j";.I,1~J}..!:.-~f(d~~ (g u:
h~vl.:.-t~~L)~?,-r;~u~uY/.of~:/ff-~v,)'
LIf>tJi.AAff-t;-t-!v:1t,jt'1..:.J.?J'l:)IJ/~lf IJ1~ LI;rJ
_f-Jlf('-~I{~-f-cdlr.,..f~urljLu/,l,.::-. ~ r..!:.-/.tJl,
 25

,":,.,f?,,t;~,.JlV.:;...f'.tlr
..

''f-1f.!t~cJ;Vr. v! U'.I~i...;L:I{
~.tG" L~.""~I /.}-25
v! ~I t.~t)J.I.'~I>. "..Ir.~L IyL~;V ..fi'-/- L U,fl v! VI
v! VI L v!f'f- "'" L~ LJ ~~ I~ i»,» f2001 /.} -25
1~L ft.l"'; e'-/-.1,1L v! cJ~r:r'f- '1= t:=-,JlyL ~jG".
U,flv!J..l-VI_'f- t-~vi..:.r.~t:=-Lly~j= ._[J-JL ~I_':r-
{._[iJcJ~~L~I,.,J""~f~J~~,~I(JzjI.l.l'?t:=-rJ.L
v!,v!J..l-1.1'- (Y1(tf'(U}lyL l:!:.vI t,./.!f e: vl''f- ""';; ~ ,
.. .. ..
..::.-tkL~If_Lv_J(]",,;Jvlo,f~V;;'(_.>l,.,jLJ~..;'IL
... ..
Jft:=-Jif{..::.-h>iIYJ~I.I,'~.tG" L U,flf'f- t-Y1V?L.;1It:=-
c..!i"L. ~lo,";.I"tp,~ .
(;)Io.f=t:=-~ t.f'-£/.t:=-~}I.5.1{/..::.-IJ~.I"
,Jly=v!d-'v.!u::v,JG:.v,- /-":::;'VI~_V d-J:!?~ ~2...L
Iskander Mirza: , ,~Je '(
if.~, /" I;,. .Ifrl ,_CJ
'/ ..., ....(i,~ Jr.Y
t:=-.IY1
JJ= 'v.! t..;'I.._;;..uLVI Rise and Fall of a President

LurIJJ1J'j/.IfrlV- "":"'~v.:Y1L
LV'_f- J~t~v-I' 1997
 26

I.:}I;:/i""';
~ fJr:'J_).I1c
r'P;':t;~r.l}L r-~:J-1..f.c...lfiJ'.:::...LI.Y
I. , ..

:v.t-:JiUlIL'I.:}I_V2 (-i':t;~ U,.;,v!pt0')fJi~;b~

"I said in the course of conversation,Cth~t we fuust try
to be considerate
,
to
,
the Muslim
.
Leaguers, after ~H they
'" . '

had 'struggled for the creation of Pakistan",

v.. ptI.:}I.lJJ),
~J'i> (uJ; f'f If.~Jf?lv('fVL
, - <~f-J~J~J;I1J'l:)I;f~LUJ('_(,{
_, , ., :~../.I}t.5.1
. y
}L .:» t,., 7 1>../' r'I
• ~ y~

"Who told you that Jhe Muslim League brought

Pakistan into being. I did it alone, with my steno grapher".

Lv..((-:-'f-~(~f' v..L~/cJl;f~J\{L/.:::...()
c-fJ~vL )IJ~,';-"'f-I/Lf
",:",cr~'L~c/t",:",,uz,./..:-~(J'
The Sound of Fury: Political Study of M, A. Jinnah
:Jr ,..,J;W,L.....,;>
....
l,..~I>._.c... LJ./34 7 Yv..
• , - 'I

"I ,have won Pakistan with the help of my Secretary

and his Typewriter".

1/V"'.:::... JA J'j~.1-ie L '.I' .I"t.5
}-k,;-I cJl;f~Lv..)
>'
<_.c...
,

JL",:",crJ'dl'v.tv..U'.I{jtlYJrk.IL(-i.:G"~c/t"':"'jIJz;
t~(J'J~19812-v,-/--v.t ~J1t~v..I.:}V-,p',I.:}I;f~~~,
 . 27

_t::.....~
.
, 8).;'"
•.-1 ,.

I.IfJ'~f2...l.Iftf- ~Vi)AJ/.::.- ~l.IfL ~.tG'f f- ~ ....&\t

-:v.f, i Lf ,yh~~J,tf- ~Jj,f-L 4),.I(jify,- r»(.::.-~
.
_L~JjvtLfY.
.::.-~-:-V,!'£ L/r./- ~ J'~ff,f' L ~.tG'?.::.-~U/')
..
r./-U.,ff LYI L~c.J...vIeJ~ t},f' ~)l .I)/...J 1......>1,.,-".lL
.. 4),(1
~ .'
tt;.r./-~f~L)/~v.J.v...flL ~c:J~...JfY(l.If_e:.!..~ ~f
_t}J'L)L .r,/...J 1......>1,.,-".I.::.-l""~c.J'-~l)r./-~
..._ ....- 1....(i8~
~~if~(l.If;'ft::....."".I(j )....!i(;L~/J
,.. .. .. T·
lPr./-U:it,.lt'
t'(:>~ /.::.-~J'l.IfA.I,f'f- t'!:>tJ.:)/'::'-I)~.I"(;.,~L 1.1'if- t'YI~
)} JUr./-c.Jlff-cC(:>ifjv l-:,iL(:>~ !../I(~J'~.tu_f-
L ~c:J~_e:.,.;J}~ 4)JLhI.l'- /,)L ~(8'.I",t} .:;,(.U)L~I
Ui,)::2...l.If_e:. -f;lfeJr./-l.IfI;'(.;'i~#? L U,(fr./-J..1-
-V,!'~..::.A!Uv~(;.,~.I,'~J'c.J'~ ~
tf~Llo"~if?r./-'-.l~L4)JLhI.lL~(L(!.tu
J/J'LtJe/J,r./-
. c.Jlft::..... .
, t'~YItl'~ .::.-V~LP!_(£fYl":';;~
.I'fu;;vlfh--r./-J,ip!LYLu~J..::;~r./-1' 1951-1 v.1.::JI
J'J, L I'V~L r./-I'1958s:....fUl(-,~ ~.lv.1£.I'f8,~LJ?:f
- b)J~L: (.:..r h--
U/.J'~Ir./- U' J;:;J' ~.tUtf- .lY)r./-'-;lP'-.l~f~
~~J"::;~iVV~.I~(J;,;v.l;:--)v.f,~-jJ' ..t;.}~[;)
 28

'7~k~ovl('i"(G"f7~~S~/2._LJ:r,;~.Ir)::fr/L
-,-
L u?f V1.1Ir'"L~t:fl D'_(£
tJl~vL J.h_.I"..::J.~JJ,J)P
• - y

J:lh"'~1)f~,;ifC)t:f;D~~iLU/,J;;-7~V~/-"
~cf...J~)_~~kJ,":"UJ(cr.)~I~.I,'~~~,..JJ((tL~fv!
(1857-1848_l- ~ijUJ:eJt:f~,,":,,CJ S
Jiu:J,~,f tJ!.Lfp:'.I~ify'l)i~L('i"(G"/~~tJ"
S':-)~.I(J,~ft:/U:J,I('i"(G",,;-,I,,;-, Iv! ~t:f~~-g_
-tJ!.L rfv!~""1>. .I'fJ";D,v!,'~U.lo/-'":"'_f-l)i.l.t1?1
tJ!.l)i.l~Jt:U~~ v!'-AL eJ,,":,,,-JiL.t1 ~.I~ k,J~,.,:.,y'
..
~;V?JvJ:5L)h~_z...Lf'£.IJ~~-"),.I".I';(~JVD,f
.,
~~cJ'.I~-0J~""~/ff-IPI~L,.YJ'L~..;~"::v!v'lPI
v!Df,":"j}S~'L.t12iD,iHJiv!('.IJ1.1j~LU';'~'e.
0(1/J'tJ!.7.1,.If--4-£'-tJ!.J? v!~Jv('i..(G"fl£).IJ'~~.
-V1~.I...tLloS~lI
M , •

(jD;'.t'W.t1.,j;',~~'?L~".t1t]~i'y'S('i"(G"LJ'if.
M
(",.k.L S.:i);i~L.I~G"tJ,~
U'-/·· ')_~ Z£.IJI..!- .,
~,f c: c:C
,

-L~v! Df,":",}S~'D,f,J,f.t1Ji~IJ~::1';;",2... 1.5) IJJL('

l)iJL""~-
:"U.t1..;U£ , /"',.,
YDJ~ ~

i,tJ!.?-f tfC~,f'-JJ?ib.lC'S(Lf'~L..)~Y;'
J!~J)f.:.f.? tJ!.,-.t,/L -:'::.1D.lC'D.t-~S~,;: v.:J:,?
DJ _2... J~
1",:,"'1)' d' j ~~,)/: -0 -r" L..[;1>._L
L U.lIJ'J.I.lJ'
 29

~vJ!IC)"UJJJ1(.)~?'~..:..IjJC)'-.l.2:...I.>!;/;,JJJ~~l,..
.. :. ,_ . 'I yo . ..

i./#j,;,J! j~v~,1~ v!..:..;;?JC)l)'...fIoJf~''f-J,I'?CtJ

. r" .,\
_/,1}'-~
,.
'J~;~..:..tJ~,1",1~"..:..Vi(.)~LC)'fT-.-}':,(L)'}lr •.tLtfi
'.t1l((~'fT-~It-~~J~"i./#,1;i./'v1i,l"T-~It-~J,I';"(.)~
Ai'f-jlt-,t~\)p/v'~J/~_'f-~It-~fr-?~"~,1J~fi
,1,'(.)'..vk--Lft:l..:..tJk>,1"..:..t~Li./'~,Lf",:,,?~(cLi./'
#f7.J~,tG"v!C)~~":",1Y"u!-v.rLf~l.>vlP'i-'Lh',1
U},J,I,Lv.r 'f-,1fJ~'2...LvlP'i-''i-,J,lL,;~J! ~,1,'J!'J
":",1,?f~_v.rLtJ)l'ki~J~'i-'~..:..t~,1,'(.),!fJ~'
tJJ:ld'jL(.)fl"J~~~',..:..h.fk.L~~f'f-J..:..~i./'
I;1A;#'zL j';L;f~-'f-jYi,l,,'~J':':;',1"4...f1~ _(,[:LIt-
. Ji2...i./'-UJ2:...,1LYi,j!fJ"
.. , dLu;;IjjL':':;,,_t~,,..:..~
. J;j-~
V""~ ,

viJ;.f..:..tJk> It-~ "iLJ' d' u: ,-}lr ~ ...fIJI

e..AiL
.=f£~fi./'L~,1~r~T-~hg;"',1J~~}lr-v.r LYi
.. ..
"UJ,I~2...L
 •

31

~'fU;'VfJi,rl,,:;,rv!_(.t~rr.;v.f~'rh,~~('V}"
.? UJ1 C£oJf~f
(L~t'fJ jo,-" ~~~u:1Ll:.-.,:..~J~;JVJlt(t
-...(I~'fUJ1~ft.l?-JL."JZ7Jr...flv!!~ ...~~"~ tf. (d~G"
v,,j~G"ft'u~ (Lft,,;:--,fi (J}~?~Lf( "JJ(jV
C£eJ'~,f
. -J;;JLjV'~
;:.!i....(i;:;_fLV-fu"Jj-(u,r....;~JJjA~,'J;J:!,
_ ,. - • • '" ''r

c-
. ':::_~~f L ,.ke'..:.-? ~"k JT L l:)~~ ...fj"(jfY"!l:);V
'jA..lf~tDY'~(v'=~~;;(L.',...fIv!1'2003~-14,.;).v
~t UY'~"j~Y''':'' /t DY',J;~...J /' tVyL v! v.:;'e,~-~~
~ L UJ.f}Lj~y" e J)y"~,fl.5)t;e J)y"V- if- t;)j (uJ.f}L j"",..?f

lJ'LV-~L'-i'LjA..l'~tDY'~~V~J,_Jf.i'(Ui.~J~v!
u:1Jft~JL~fJG"JI(~.flLJ'~l.f~utY.JELv!.,:..~:'f~
l:)IL U~ r"~l:)fL
~ v-f(.tfJl/(jf~1,p.
-,., ;"l:);V,.,L.,:..f
- v::.z>L:I-_JJ.
~J~Jf.i'f:'~,ft],fI.5J.,:..~~Jl:)~~(gV-L:l-~V'A(uJ.f}
 32

t.fLUJ('ff-j?":"~=,~'-ALjA..i"~tJ)Y"-~J?Y"~
_jjl)J":"j~S~t:J~(~/~'~J-~la-C,,:-,'}l.;1'....fI~f 1946
S,,:-,'}V'jJ,,!~jL~'~(-'I)j(.:Lu,.J..?}(:c/6ji~~~~
J-L UJ(,f ,t.~-'(;~.,:..y.(V'~ ~'L ~,,~ S ~~ J?"
~'" ":-'o;,_ vii"~J'v:1":-' jv joJ 1J,.)l.r(,,:-,0"
~J ~ ~ ~~ ~

,,:-,'-~C1f tfv:1..:;,>I:PJ~Lv~jJ'!f J~/(DLJ~Lf

f-v~'6~)iU.ri~jf~~~";;'J~'~2...v'f-jJv..fi?:
(Sjj~j~L,,_e.1J/{ rf.jJ,LJ! lP'~ uJlfJt{v'.,:..lJPrif
I)!!z..v,- ~_v._(l,:::;"v'-~Jj/ rf.(d!)'S";j,'~J)' ~
\' /-. - ,. T ...., / ..

~'f-(t (J-f-
S":,,~'),.,:..LJ,,,jA..i"~ ~ tUY"":"_,?>(iVtJ'
U:C~J~jJV=,)"v.rl)..4;!~:{.J,~)~ttJY"~/L,,:-,v v"V- j,)
f- ~'Y (0f- ~'!cJ~";;"J._; (:.,)J{ 94~ Y L ,,:-,0"V'-f-
_"
~,~
• .. A
~ J.~..i".AC')ttJy" -1Jf.J..a!((-JcJv-,~~J~,,:-,lt"
". • ')

~~A":"_,?>_~';~;(l.)t.i~~S ,ft'J7- 1946-f-,!(j~Ut. f

D)'Jjli}(l!)I:=-',~,-){2...LL~,,:-,k-"(lu,)',~'Lj)i.I)~~
j",.,:.._,?>2...
V,,~ t~~'p!L Ui.~(Ii~ J(:,_--:~_~f-)f
v'f~ t t tJy",J.~~C,:T t tJy"~,.» 'S_~~ L -..J!}l0(/iiV: I))')
J,;_/I))..N£.,_~&G';~)iJL/I~j~-3_~
, ,.., (-~ .,., r~...)u,I)),~.,~~)"
·.
'(,Jv:~~lV'~~, (-' ....fI ~J,-/'J_'.ri(g{'/ ..::)'JL .J~,
LLL)(') j",:"jL~ 12f~)J,t: ttl~D){V:":"')-~('J,{
,!~'-/'-/'J_hJr-j 2...
jkP!'J£-~)t'~JUJ~V:-~..:.-d
 33

~/rU.l1~.I,'Itf.J:.':'-'.I~'J~;;_LLJ('(u.l,?J;f
'(r?'j'cJt:-"~Ld'~",:",~I!~.,Jf1LjJ~.I1iL.t1?~I.);'Jr-1Lj
L J:.-1Jfr?'J!'I",:",If't.l,'J~~'v~'vL cJt:-"~.I,I1J'-J~
(f1LjJ~.I1L";"LLv.:f~J.r....AJ~Lr?'?J.,J(",:",If~J/
~,~~vL,:,-}u.I{2....Lvl~;£C1I.:.-~,J.~k.~Lfil$J.,J
t;;I.ltH.:f/{r?J:._.l:.cJ~I~L.I{J~/cJJ'-/'J_L~u.I!
J''';I'Vl~cJ~Ie?~L~~JLj.ltJ/'1947cJ?'-3jn~_JLj
':'~J.";..J j...J.l
";I'...fI~LI.YL~YIJuJlttJY"{ 136/.YL",:",CJUl
JfL~~...fI~LL!~cJ~r~I.).t1t"h)J'c{Ar?'T-~.IJ
J~J,r ~ i~'T-Jk>~'(";","':""2....LcJ~~.:.-?f~JlyJ:.
~~~'T-c:C!~..JtC>I •.:;...,.;J~.A( f1L)a?'vL~~.I"
- _..
LfLfJ~I ji;J ,(A"""2....
• LC)~Ly.,zr.li':'IC-A"""oJi,f
.
L(![Jli.lttJY"kLJ'j ...~I~ttJY" f'T-u.l,?J!tfJj~I.)~
L~.:.-LJ',~'JLJ:.~J'J'.:.J!~J'(j~~(g.l,'...:-zr?f.!.-jJ!
(; 2.... L cJ~~ J:.JJL cJI~L (j~~ (gf'T- t".t1 tl'~ d-~
_.i:..I.)LI}L(~ILcJ~LoJ.I"~J?Y"~/
, y

(g.l".I..;!oJijLv-!.I'( j ...~1~ ~ttJY" f'T-~':'-~.IiJIr

o,f~l,;.~ '(~_.i:.. ....AJ~..::,..rJ..(
,.;Jj '(.:.-IJ.lI,j~'.Ivl JL cJ~L
y

L I.),/(,~L cJ'.I"J'J~JJ{ .,ijY"uk--L (jl~ VlJ,[ Lf

~ (jl~/u:-j~.IL I.)J(".t1~J;?{C)I_.i:..L.t1~J:!.Y
 34

....J;It UYv!~;VL "f 2003.:.Ji -14~I Lv! r.,,}V-I-kJ.fC)~

j"",L v!?li k")j (.,:..~~jlP'.lLj~y.,:.. /t UY.I,'JiliJ

L.fr~,":~Jf:..f/.likJt]':.J'Y(UI.O'C)'.I"~L.~v!UI.O'
,J":,,,?,C)'?~.,:..t~LU'1~O-.l"tJ.-jLC)'=,.i~v:.V-'JJ',
..
(~~~kL.,:..~~jlP'.ll":"~I'~'_~LYie~p!L.,:..~,
..
=,A.I,'li...vkJA/.~JIoJ~~L~'Oi";.I,'lirJ1'.1{~JI
~.lJ'~.I,'Jr-'~'.lIJ.f~,J ~~ v!'-.l~ L U2'1O:I.,:..~I,
L":",?,L(.).I"",:",,..L'd..J~~'~IP'.I~'.? -..f'i~r.:f2f-Y
j"L::;?L v!..f/. v,iI'{UI~~ ,Jif._4:-JJ.lJlf-...Ai~,-/-
._fp;?JL~(G"C)'.1.1"~4:-JL'YL;;!)b.lrUlf:~.I}L
....J},J~jlP,.lu~,lik")j(~'.I,'i.lLJ::L~..£k.,:..~',('L
;;~ C)v-,p;-~ J?yL IyYv!~L7,J~ li1Ie.l~II.,; .. ~if-~
JI J/. ~ u.td(if-L UP!.I~ L .,:..AP! ~~ ., u"p;
~L;fl.l"
,J;,~"j'~JY.l)j.l,,~jlP'.lv! C);V,-/-uit..f/. tfllfJ::
u:r.,.,:..~"> -..f'i~ '-.lV1r.,,}lfl_li~JG"$.1 (~'_li '.1il/t (;
c,lIif-L U';Iv1.1IJ/ L.llI IJJI; ifi~? .I"f- (; (LYi J,f
~if-~vl,Ju,JLljlYv}if.LJJI~Jy.-,Jk--/.,:..lJI'
f2..vllie?;;~=,2..,-/-..f/.JJ1,.;.,:..?-JI
'V-Ui~,Jr.,,)vl'f- t-Yi ir.,,}vl"
'.lLJ'!(-..f'i.l,' Lv./. LI; r/.~ '";"'i!Lt'if-L..?I..J(;.-:.A>'
dl ~~..J(;..f/' (U,.fv1eW,~,l;;I.f'-J":",,I? (VII)!"j2
 35

t-J(f/f I(I;Jfv!,i;_/r'- /-v!J.t1utI(

J;;JL.;:.,'7rlil;JfJ,f,-".t1
_L;f~t,-:,,~ /.f'-J~jrj/'_:;;Y~Jfl?'-".t1t-J(f/fl()i
~ _ y q~J;jV4I.YP~'fOtY'.:..J....(i_;tC>f
ftp,"7 ~I(.;:.,!;fj/Vf.if-', . ..
UJf;;J,f~J_,r. (;f (?'f-..::/~J' J'4J1j tf;fyl(~'ftf~"J'
J~'JJ'~r?ol,-:"f}f-J'-"l?-ltJv:1,,:,,;/'-"'JfJ/.LA;f
J.IJrLt"r...fiL~'fYi'f-~I(UJf/t~.;:.,fJJf'
..
'-"t~'-"~JJ;tf~ . tUJ/
~J',-"i,
(f /. v:1C)~J'J;tfi~uJ/'-f):...?;
~t2003~-25 f(.t1)~/~ L'-"J1t' ;_;)J'J' j'-/,J,-:"f
- ·::"~~,.:.-t~JJl,-:,,?~ (Pi.tG""lil;JfYI(if.(if.t1e~C);V...fi
'f-J~~WJ?(i~)jI(I;J~...fi,-:,,?~(Pi.tG"Lv!,V-C);VVl
(Pi.tG"_'f-~J~~J~f2..L,-.l{;,.;J' _;U;L(Pi.tG"d~
~-~~LfrJJ~'-/-J'fLv!I;Jt;:.fLf~t'~lf
..., " , ..
?o.?~~
LJ~~LfY..J'rfV_"";f~~ v:1':'-~~fJ/tLu';ff'f-:'
t/..:::J I(":"l...fi~L fyL,-:"crJ'/J~J~,P.J.lr-V-C);V~f
L~'fC)~vf~~.J.~/it'J>V-'-AL.:.-fjJ'(Pi.tG"..J/~f
?'f-t'~~ "::;"")~"!:v!....!C'-JIa_v.rJJZ~r? tJL!'/.;:.,~J',£
fiJ'fLtJ:,-;l/';U!J~jk_fiJ'C)t;:.f~J'fC)t;:.f~...{JJl1f,(Pi.tG"
C)f~ ......CL'-jI'JJ;lr-V- Lf,JJt'
,.. t'h_,;iJI.>J,J~feJ./V_,..3
.J.l5~.;:.,.v.Jtf)j I(JyfltJ ~d.J V- c.i'L...{ it.f,f...{J-;L
I(::i!'v..J YV- ~l?J' ";;;Y ~f ~ ~~ Ji,J;;i ~fvii -'f- .:;) l?
 36

.J}tl,-(r1C£J~J'~;V",Ui~Jl:.-lf1tl;IJ",4-.J"f-J~llSJ~
)'-IJuift~/u_;.-lL(jf~J~/..::.-t~LlS'I.J~.J"...;J~",
V-UiJ~~v.rt,.JY _;'/ -(rJ' _c~<~_f-_;l)l (Uw.:,,~
(Ram Krishna Jaidayal jAi' J1 ~f(f.J~ ~~ J~'V'.ki
J';-

'..::.-~I,cf-'v.r~LJ~~.,j_L~_f-tJ,Hamarary Award)
..;1.1
IJ,....';)'~ Ufl.JIJ,....';.I"f-t".t1JjlSJ~ (~~c.Jl{ J ..::.-t~
-tf~Jv.ie iJ4-'.J
~I.J~( 7i~~~~-j'U:I£Ui..::.-~~~JJ.I'J"::'-~
J',/;, I,...~1.1_r,Lr~)(_li".,J',/;,
.. J.v..ivL"""'> .,......... J. v......,>I,...
~~;£ ,f-.,t!wL U'_;'",.J1.z;IL",:,,1f"-U.t1";~I.z~)jL
V-.J,Iv.r'2f-f (Exception)~J~ILI.J'L"';"' rv:r.v.r f-.JL.t1
.:;,(.?v.r,f-~I.J~",:,,~J~-(rUiU:lrU.t1t2J.lI;;J~(b.Jt"~
I!:!. I
V'.l"v.ra.J":? ~ ~ 1v?,,-v.r .J?IJ;J;f.J,'lS).,ffc.J/'r.J"v
i,_,t.J,-.J~";.I'~.I,f-
, $IUI;I~_~.JJ'I/
,..... ;,L _li".,J?,LL
.J".JI);;jlJ,(o'f- ff- (Hobby)J!",:"i/ (U,P..:)'J.JI.z;llfk--
..:)j)Uif.,!...,J,-;tp,J~JLU,(If- f.J,'.t1";U,{
Uii:/IJJ ~ ~.Ikl
_.t1J~..;U,{
~~r:r~~jJZ",:,,?~(i"(lr~L~I,...~I.J~(7
JIw jijfkr;..J"'Itl,)!--~ ("lik~L ft.l"';~'-/-.I,'L,_,t.
V- f 1936-37 u}Jt.:!-f j'Jr;. .I~J..::.-~~/~I L (j'/lS,J~ ~
Lf'pI...y~ "::'-I.I~Joj.J"j'lS.J~.:;.;;cr,k>~O~I,....t!wJ(i..(lr
 37

._fiui)(;)'-~'T-.Jf ~,~~ LL~ ..;;...YlzJ"?J'r._fi~I."f

z._f_?.; ~.tG".I" ~ ~ L (Tribune) (;)-r-).I!?' ~Ji,Pi.J?
L..::.-~'}~'LUfl.J~f'-J...L~4.J"V-4?~lPf.j~L~
~ojo,.~Jtp.jv!f..v
"After see, what is Muslim League? Mr. Jinnah and
his type writer".
(~(/"Y'r......(;)~(,P,.tG";:;.~o'?'~_?~!?"Pioj~f'T-.JJ~
~(r'L~~ v!~I{.,.j'vLJ~,; ..·v.J}~~if,-jil.r
.J"v1'I!-{~L.J'JJ;tv"'-v1'(f;--?.JJ(kv.:cr:,JI:1-i;..(j6~j"
U_,(l,fU~~Y/(~~'!v!-'T-J}JG".J"?Jij(~,JI_I!-~:r
-'T-J:1(f,.J,f dIP.J,'v1' Z. it~~ i',-, ,,)J'~JCkt;~,'
. . -' . . - ~""'.
t
<

.j~(l:)-r-}VtpVv!, 1936-37")if.f'T-:~~J4.~J"'~
JI}.J,ji_?LJ-",Pi/mJJJI}-!,j(j!, 1940L,,)lf'VJ~~(5.J1:"·,·
j~J~~
(,rv1i(l!Y1:?J}!L~.tG'_JuJ:fcJv f..(~t:f~·
,.I.J}u.Jif/l:)f;f~
., .,..,JI}.J,jLJ-.l,Pi ,,'c!":;;',.::,f. J!L~~.,
-
-~J~-'ui~
.,
L Ur.'T- tf'J,~P(~.J,'J'},,,::,-,?(V(;)'¢ v!};
LJ')'~'y.JJ,{-P.;~,;vL'J?--2:~,,~.tlt.JJ'ct-L.V~'~/-
,
c-.:;/_;pJ].1" ef ~.J(;)j,!J;A;~~~ (;)i.J"J,ffJ-"u"d'.J,#
-'T-~} r.J,,~J.t;-~u.J{';.J j~f ~ ~J
?,J •

..(1r~L)
"
 38

jiv.!' J'cJI)I~;tJ.jiLIP • J;/• Ui,...,.

~J.lJ;.:;.v'M;/ ..::.-IJl,..-tJ..::.-}I
" "Y

v)lfl.IJI~LfjL?;J'..::.-~~Lu;~uh.lJI~/-JPT'r
J'..::.-tJ~~/-~rJ!-?~ ZL e'YI,)Jl,..-ti. L ~T'r.....->.
,v:1LI.I-lO:;IJ/v-C)I;:fLJ!PLvlPC)ILJ;_v.!'
y
LfjL?; -

i.vl~I.lJI"J'~J.Itf)~J'vl'Ii~~i.vlcJ~~Lr..fL'
.IJIj~v- i.);",,/..::.-Ll.1.r 'i-' J.UvL..::.-~IJ.I~Irfli~J-'IP
,~.l ~.I1av.!' ,I,).I1JIJ.I.IJI
•
AI
.. -
-v.!' JI; r tJJ/ .1)0 jIPJ.I
..::.-IJl,..-t,.::",}I
.. y

vlf "J'._t.i.vli.LcJl;:f~Lr-"::,-~I,)J~LcJ";.IJI,,:,,,l(
(-'cJILr-Ii,;,.;p(LIr~Jf(JJ~J}7jI)IcJI~V-r.~
..::.-~..::.-Ij.lJlu;I/J).r~u!.vfJ'..4If.J.ltfi.vli.L..::.-I.I~
~JIrYJJ~ JJJ~JJ~-g.V-JJJ~fiJJL(UiiJ;~lf;gJL
{.I)oI,)J~cJ~rji~.IJ~.IJI_..,.t£~;',.(iJ1v~Iif.~IiI,).I~{r
lfl_LJ! 1rJ1(J.;.v~I.:)~J~'Y(J~{.I)oJ~I.lJIC)I)I~
L~_"IrYI"::'-"'~J~tJ~jI)I(-'jL(J'..4If.J.ltfJ'vl.lJlcJl;:f~i.
(, 1948&.IL-26'...{(~(~,~ )-'f-jL{J'
 39

JIo,~2._V'_v.1J';,~."'..!.(;;;.I~~~~J~,;ftj
v!t:I-Vl LJ(t;;I(LI.t$v!U'.I~I(LiL'JA=_IiVl~~;V
v!.IJ1JJ''v.)'~t;J.l.f..I,',~l/ti;;?v!~'?L~;VJfL~'L
~J);I.t~~f,.r~;:t.~,v.l""~LU,(Ii~~I"J1~l:-v!t,))P.(.
'Vl f-.IaPbAoJ'('if.~~J~'-Llf>t.l(G"{"';;;Y"';-'.I"LIf>
~.J.'f- Jft:lcf IP7_; /,; b.lt"J'(' VI_(~f-t,).I,?q ~,JV'
-f-_; IJPt.fLu)Y"It,)J~Lt~:;D.lt"
,QY"?fo,~-Vl .::.-~I'.IJ'~;D.lt"J'(' ~ -:;)'~I_U~'-.I1a
v!~l;;--'PirL.,;Jtc:'LV'~7JIf>t";':t.JL.::.-uf,~L
fiit.lD.lt"J'U'~/~'LU;-':./~fYj?£..Jt.ft..f.4LdtY
LI,L rv!pJ_.I'f,t,).Iid...)I~I/,t,)}j)j_1;j~? ~ ~I,....t.l(
~IjY"~_T!-O(UJ~JJ'(..S'~fv!DA°J'('Vl~lPp(liJ'dtY
lJ:J.UvL~/J'(..S'~'A'.I(t,)'~J(Ii.l,'LLJ1D'/./L~j~,)
J'U).:.II;~f_~1;J1/., J'if}J' Ii' ~ft.f_'i°f
-. .
(diY'Dl:-JL_LLf
.'
 40

~,- u';-~ uJ~'/ .::._,I.)!M?/..:,.,#'

y " .. V
~rvL IJ)./JI;.
('.JJ"~/
,y
f
'-" _ ..

J!''-.J~',j.u.t J!'.:.,"'}I,,)! uf...Jr

UJ.u.JJ"u.t
(..:,.,'jJ.iju.j~J.JJ
-~~t.;,
,
V'-'i- I,,}!
I,,}! O/~ .JJ'U)t)"U)t;;.-'J?'
'i- ~.JreJJ(O/JJ
.::,T~(~~LuHf'rr.J)t)'/dlP~J ...JJ!~'.J~.;t)'J/~
Jv';:viJ/~~)rJif.f'i-jL{JJt'J~Jv'-~~J.I
UH.JJ'u.t~ d-.~'.Jj.J,,~J'{v'f'i- L('~J.::,dJ?
~'I,,)!
rPld rp,y,Jif'i- .:~:d'f.J;v'I,,}!'?V'-'i-r'f tJ.:'J~ ,J-':.~
.
'.
-I.)JL~vi).;/Lf
.. .. "
d(":"'~'JJJ'l,,}!v'_'i-r'fL{~.;·i.'df'i-eJ(J~J~.J~
Iff'i- r'f LfJ.JJ'_~j'f J ~ ,JJt;J v'~ L v''i- r'f If
lP~.J;!/~Lu';;L j. d'-vi~'i- ~..:.A!Uv~";,,v''':'''Jt;
;tD.JrJ(v'_u.t...tiL~tf.,il)J/I,,}!.J,b-)'~Lv'f'i-r'f
L~~",?!.,~jfj--:0~C,;)if.-'i-j~":"'.JJ?J~;~L
t.f~_'(j~'vL,v"~u.JJ?t~fl,/(~.JY....(l~~),,,'I_1.)J
_. , " .. -..
J(';-;;JIj"'fJI,,}!~J(..jLt].J~u1":"''';;'JL~.Jrf'i-~~J.JJ?
_L'f
~.Jt"J'(J,'~(~ (f,.JJ'..:;;>r.;,~v'
t..J~~ iL'ftJ.:'JI,,}!
~.Jt"J(V'-'i-jlf~UJ)~J":"'L,f,~J'Ui.f}?f'i-~t.f..)
''i- (/ n J;t iv-~"0' ;£.J":'"
~~L ..:,.,.J:?~? v-;;f t..!~...[t
~ ~.Jr~~ L C)f u.t~~ ~"' UJJ~~'vl ~.JrJi? ~
 41

-~l5;l)1
,
j~,.1'./~-=- cJ~/~J~.t~.I" ~.lt-Jd~~)i",:",1
(~J'~.t~-'f-QJ7t'"/~J?J'~I:,jiLIr~J~V'Jk-i
.I'f'.lIJ..:r~J'.lI.tL!f...&foJ._(f-V~/~VIDJf-I/~lJy.l~t.
U:J.t.fV-~LlIf....fv' 'r..~,£.viU:J.~,-e:.flJ/J(,~.,
-7 -

_e:.I.hI.ltJfle,(j,;e:.;£.lviJ~(U!k.~
.I'f'I/J~f/~J.Lv,fldLv_";IjjL.::/k--ff-.l'?:,u~
u:J....&f/~~~Uf~~JI.lIJ/(~lct-I/)j(VIV-V"J'~1
..:,.,
I)~L ~f.l'f'.lfJ./
L dl,~J~f":'" ~ :,-v../(~{'.I}L .::/1.1
-~, J./lf(yJ'
vikf ~/V'~.I'fV'.lfp':;'U'.lf~lreJf f-~...fI,f-:,
~1?hf)f(Ii.s.I2...vl,~-=-Jt1v?...&f~(df_f.;;,e:.L./
IbY_lvi~DJvJ/V-JJL~J2...Ldfg_L;;t{'..:ftf.l,jf.tt;
~j£fJ;(1rt.ft.fV-::':'.I.If);DJf~L(LV,ffv-P ...&f-=-).l1
L
c:CJlJY"'V-Y&~~'.I'f~DJu.:..l,.,f~if().lJ:.Vf'lA'
.. ,., ,.... ., .. ~
-~,
l;)f2_JL~Lj'vi'~fJ/.~/~;{fD,ff-~...fIt.f::
LhPfl)i Jyt; ylcLYl ?-.It,,j!~.lLl;)fD,~J;J?.J;;.lfL
..::J P J'l;)f~~ t::f~<f L(t.f. L ...&f
fi »!L~~t::f~-=--?' lff_~

_~~h~J'..::)(wf
, ?

., .IL!f.~.I}..J(..,(v(fLU,;,ji,;-J7).Ih,-:-->.»!L~~~~
 42

J:.~v!dIL,,19352...\/I'?-r~.IviJ7-;j(tLI/.eJfl/
.. .. ..
u_,fjLJ1LfJ~I/.::.-I.lC'I~.IJI,tI't.l!5JI.::.-I.lC'ILI:)ILf
..
Lul-I/..J~ (..::/;J~~I:)~ jlj.lJI"jilJ:iJ~y#v!"",,/L
;v.lrJi,.i..I!J7-;.IIo'_~JfJ,/~tJ;J'~/';/v!lI1yd
t}v! .::.-JjJcJl.::.-I.I~I(Li=2...
Vl'el/./L ~0"'.IvL J:i
d....JI(t~}~ _LJ1e.):o.): '-4u~=P!L '::'-UJ J 1:)1_.i..
L~~v~J-::;~.I:,,$tLJ:i;v.lrJd....JI;ltJ_,JY",J7-;.I1
_LJ1.1V
.'::'-~fio~~~v!Ui.CJf~r~J~.IJI.::.-~....fI/~~J~Y
.
.::.-!Jl,,~.tl \'..:...
,. ,,. I
jJ1vi'::'-Jt;J'
cJ/...;;.uf..:... t'!t!:[J2...L \/'_..:... 't

~vihf-J.Uz,.oL.::.-v(v.::.-~JvI0JI\'f-~.I~OJv!
'f-l/~;;M-~JiL~j;;i~....f~Iv!'-.I~L~r?
vl,v.ttJ/ ..:.(.v.7.J~)b.lt'v! I:)~'~_(~
"'t,,"';Y"\/IU~'2...
c Lf rf'yJ ~.Iy",~t.ft/~ ~J~Yf'_f-I/( (..:.(.L U}.IY"
.. .
SI:)~,~...(rv!~J(v6_..:...t.f!~.?IJ1~(I:)Iv!~VI-vil;
,., \' ..
;b~~~V-JJ.J;f-tJJjiJ~...t~J'vl'f-1Jj.lliIL(.tJ.lV-).'
_.tivL
?..:...L.I(v~~
, ,. J;j,j;;i,;I.lI,..:;j....f_I/~.It'J~
r: . I"~:t-I:)t:fL
, .,.
~LJ12(Jv!,J,.IJ~/,JJ.lt'.I,',f-t'fJ.JV-;I~I~/~.It'
if-j~J'~~J~k4v!'-;~t.fif~.It'J(;,vl)i-f-O~&C:
~_f-.I~(J!L(J;.I,'o~L~.I;;vr:;~f'f- t'J1o;I~I~(..ff
 43

~ t./' ~ -1.11 JIf'L .m~ Ii~O)1h,'f~;~v..,iJ('t./'~

-I.I1JJJJ)~~jljv!LlP>y.f,J.tL
 45

~Jf.::., t ~ ~",:,,?.::...(tcG'
-::..>(..gJJ~~ ylj

.JJl"':""?..:;...tr.ft;"C)f~C)~Lf"2003/J-25';-ILV-
~~Jf",:",,?.::..t~4f..:;....::-(...:;...tr.tt;f~~V-·~~(>,.::..t~
vit_(~vRc:Lv:1,::"y'~J;Jt;th/;J/i..LC)f"'fv.r .JJlA~?v.r
v-~vfv.!zbfJ}.).!~T-yvitJ,J",:""fi..vf7-Vg"J"~"~
IU,!t'fu'!I~fji.::..f?>"t((,,'fd.,,/,ufYk--f~~L v-
()l ;£",f 2{ ,J ~~f i.. L Lff.~",).I,f e: L ,=-,...L J)l)f
~15!J(LYi~"".Ji.!I'v~~YD,f~(lP(V,)f
, ,t$;'~.. . fiv; 2::...."
,

_v.rL./J~f:d...Lr.SrPt~t;"JfL~J~1).luji~~f"foJ
e~V-C)fj~'./f.ct?~V1)_'f.Y(C)~LJ....ty-j1ijv-~vf
~J/-f:J'f_~ ~ f£.~?.::..t~')..:;...tr.ft;V-if."'f~f.t1
)A,JfI"";~';-fLv-C)t:f'~~(')"'fv.r~~JJfj£L/v-
JjrfL":;,,,~,;v-vff~..:;;,JJt;()lC)~f"'vDJ"?;'-h~..:;...
 46

v.!t}l:II.)'~j.v'v!~liVV'J.7{~}L~L)'~~();I('i"(G"
~J('i.tG"v!~j'i-'L~1,.., jI;,.r:.::::...t"YleJ'.t'-=-v';..j'!;zr
_-r-L£~_9~Jt.f~~(-jV'(
j;._vJ/U;~)J",:",)';rf-r-o~J.?~w.J:,j~~.%L;
L'~/L ;2,..L--,,",,'P£._2._v'v.;-
y ,
Z;_~~~~J'J~)L::;?t"Ylv.!
- ,

~~~~"I.)YI(~u.(~L--~{~}()'~)v!--r-~~j~;....f'I;J~
";~"-r-u!J(LYlt.,;~"'(j";.6_-r-~,,;,,,(~)o/-.:/k--,b~t"J
t].:..5. t!__(f,.; -I.)YIct-h~(;:;_)~,
.. - ..
h IJ) U::...-' v! (j
j j ;...J.7~"? y

J_C~ jI;fv~'vRli,J'J'(udJJZv!~AL('i.tG"~(if.
Ll{-LL.fJ.7)''''~);JG"tv!~.::I.?J!i'-t,~"v.! L ;;,{t ju
(...JLC>,v!J',((1.),;4 v.!c(')(",:",)'~ V-'v.! -r-~~...J1/~u
...[i~('i.tG"e,l.)~u~~_C~J~"'~L--'-t'/~'I.)Ylt"J('/'
&l){Jl:.-0"~Lv..fj~JJZv!;;J~ ~L--v!~~~L~~~
'(L~ V'...JLC>'J~ffi-=- ~'I.)~,Lv..f r_",/-lrf,L ~'L.f;;,
_LJ! ~£.e~~L/.,JPLd!JG"
-i~",:",?-=-('i.tG:.f-r-~v!~_;VJ"W.''i-'LJ_C~ jI;
'J/Jfr'--r-)?Y'v-",:",~v.YI;:-L",:",cr:;'J/Jfr'Jf"...?'e.JiJt';:'~
L if.-r- J,~v! 1997 L -.-> ~t...?, .,«;y{ I.)?'))~J
f

a-=- ~~~...J;Jf.;J/~r~}L C)~~(g~(""IJ/~fr'J.1lv

.v(Jk>(I.)~~f::r-rj.f~/J.~J\(-=-('i.tG"LI.),f,j~
:....(i.tG"V-"':""?Lif.-r-J.J.f.,~2._L~~~~LL),;'_f~
 47

LfLv!((:f-~(~~ v!Lt;/cJt;:);ff-l{Lif.::...("l{
·.Ifr'ff-:L'.ItJ/-.I"f-O~,,:",~Lv!':'~'::"')A,Jj,JK',;-'
f-J~ ":",~Ji{u.?lJ)k,JcJ'P!v.-!v-'li,~jL.:-ij,,JIJ/
lf~vf~{d,Jd-V!e:.~).:.-~',tJi\)'4-''::'''.:-f.v!v'.I''
'-.I?If'::-/cJ'tJf~~)vfj)'J'/cJ~'tJA/('i..(IrJ,'_cC
v,~...;JG'dLL.t1.!.-)v!.,:..-",::-LcJ~'tJ.I~('i..(Ir..l£v.)
~,/('i"(IrLIJ/.Ifr'ff-?t=L:J.~LJr"LC;1?v2_
_.t10fi~(~4-J'.::...I;/.Ifr'L('i..(lrk.t1,J.:-j'.7.J',=-)O.l?
..1£f-A~' Jlrt.l,,~tJ".If- ';/.Ifr, tJ".1(.:.d,.Iv'v.;' o,~
, -

Ui'Yk--D,.J.'liD~J~(;ji;?.I,,~jU(U?;vjM..J/()i';';/.Ifr
z_ L J';'J.fJUi,y,::-Lv'~d-)~J~.I" li~.fif.:-JJ:.~'::'"
~.IY'.I"~r'L cJt:J;~t.:J'.j)~-,!j'; lJ: (o~lr~
.,:..-",::-,b.l~,J
.I1J.fJui'Yk--LIJ/.Ifr'flik~:A-&lLu.,('.I"V!i_If~
,J~If'Dj:,,:",?.::...('i"(Ir.l,,'/'j';h?~~().:-f.2...L,y -
~L.I,'L~D;~(.::..c.l,r.v!cJt:J;fvf':'-.I,?,J?:-,!tJJr'
~th("Y'{cJ~LtJ".I4-'-lir'.::..cL(.IIJ.f(IJ/.Ifr'v!j~Lf!J
_~jI;->Lu_,Jr',tJ)l,.;L
I -

.Ifrlf- k)L~~J _C~.JIY(~v!":"'~v..t1 ;rL,,:",CfIf'

(tJ;~o~,JI;/
.Ifrl~ cJ)l..fL.:-u,,J('i"(Irf-~.I)...J,,-&I
~f'i.l}Lv,jili'.t1vfJrl{lcJJtJj f.J'vL('i.tIr,J'i.t1(fu/
o.l~Iv!vl_k);~p.LL;;.I?.::...ur'JJ-1~J'~l;yI{.I;'L
 48

JI;/"frlkC~~'fJLYi",:-,IjL~K-Iv:.rtJjrL~.tG"
~fiu;,,~c:C'fV'~{'.:..I)I,tJ;l)IL~)I.,nV'v:..}~L~
L"'JftJ1/~(UI.O"~ljJI_,-U~~'fJu;l.t~L~Y/f
t"Yiv:1.:..;.J/(.:..I)I'':'';.f~~1""~t"Yitf..:%~'/-i""t~;:</tl
i".r" ~v if...tr-/f L~ v.Itf L 1)/ "frlJ}J!bJ1 ~_p.
""/1P--¥4tJ;t)if...J;'tV.r".,f~.:..?-vRv.rLfuh(LYi
'Jf~~ S ~L,.j,,,j,,,, f- '...£.J4j~,....:../tV,...",I
~L,.jl'-/

JlPJIjJ/~.:..I)I'~I(':"~~"4-~l.fv(vv.r Lf~ ji{ujiJl/

J-Jv!~i:'yl/.:..~J?~bfJ?41)/"frlvRt)v.I;,-J.',~
-IA.. L.lJ~I/\' .Ii'£
(t ((.)'I~~;; (",:-,0" if.tJ/,JL U';Iv:.~L,-!J(.)'Ii:'yl
The Sound of Fury: Political Study ofM.A. ':r-~J?L~I
,
_4C......"linnah

?~ ~ L ~cr: ",:-,,uz...,,,:-,O"~ J.~L ~~ L ~~ /fj

~.tG"tf{'347 k.L(.)"",'~~ v:.U,,,(; t,,,,,,,Jec:IL(l.tG"
",'lPf(p.~ /~~...tr-f~~.:..~L{ -~ ",:-,?.:..~Sfl"-ie~
C)I~{~~J1"J?'''''J\/J...J!C>I''~C)I~.JjUJ1if.i,,""~~
~.:..IjJ~.tG"dJ','fi_f,[ tf':"?-"'''Yi,f'_''.v~LIY(.)'IL
J(tThe Sound ofFuryL~cr:",:-,,uz...
f~C:'f~)~I~~J
(if. ~~ 0"I)i..fl J;;/.,J.t; L (Y/ ~cr: ",:-,,uz...- ~ v.l1'",:-,0"
AJ:;",:-,~Mohammad Ali Jinnah: A Political Study~(t
 49

cf-~lyJJ(""_~~LI1...JI( t..:>'}i~J ("".I"j'~,_;!, 1945

_~.I~AAcf-~I~p.L"'I)~.IJI~LL,;I£,_;!~~I,_;!'1953
L UY"..('J~I,_;!.IJI'f-~Ir'-/-~cr ~
~ 4'~O.l~'JP' -="""
.IJI'f-~LJ...t~ }'f.t)j(~v1ojJI(( "",_;!~cr""_~J1
-'f-Y ~cr~J)t;"~~)Jv
~J.llv!, 1986d'f-~~Ir,-/-cf-~lj~,~(~cr ",I
~I.I v!~ .r L v.. ~?Yoj:, t.fv.. ~cr""'f- ~t~L p!
LIr~ j.l~I{('i~G"?~~I.I~1~1._e; ~J{,_;!
('i~G".IJIv.r
.:.-.:l(~)t;"~~)Jv,-/-f~I;,LU,fI-~U';r;lj~LJJ(1
.1,',,] G"tJ,~Jft~C)ltJ/--'f-.I(G"...f,;"U,JC)I?~.;.,~IiM j
v! "".I"'f-~cr....fI~J;ajJ)t;"~)Jv
f J J.~ LU,fl-v.r.Ir
f~!;{(C)'-~?YojJ/JJIJ.f.Lli;:L-I~~?~('i~G"
.Ifrl~_~ £:.,.(v10jl,;.l OJf:£.Id!-'}v.r;£1('i~G""':(,f,
J'1vf;z~j(('i~G"#v.r,,]~JJ1JIJIJU'.?ltJ.lo/-~.IJII;/

cf-~I(Piratecal).I"o~._efJI(~crJ)t;"~,uvf'f-t-J1(,lP
Sound of f~~ r tYi(/~ t/J.ti~L~.,tt~
~ jlJJ}'f- jIJ
_~viL)t;"~,uv ~crJ/J(tFury
Juif..:J..IJL,pJ~fo,JJ.- (Ll-v.rj ~v.: cr:~4-{ ('i~G"
...f':"-{IJ~.I,IJiJr;J~.IL~1~1._e;''';JJIJ.j~I,-,(-I,c:,,1>.
J~jVtj4 :?~)I;!JiIrJiIrL~i.Cf';,IJoJIJwL"'I'f-'J1 ~
 50

J;,tJJ{~J~L~?(...-v.:L)J-=-v..~IV1'~~t.fJfI))~
J"j/lJ"; e) u,?v},)"';"'? -=- (l.tG" t.fv:f v.. uJ.L)~I ~ V1'
J3(~.fliJ~JI7J/v..~n)if~t:J!!.&_v.fj?'y"J3((£L/
y ,

if1~J'('i.tG"i----r Jz'1-=-v..~I_(.tt"~J~ff.J"J~A
t/.'ui~IJ}J)luJ.L)~It.fLu';I~LJJJ).-J'LII.~P_L
1,
- V1'4- :£./~ ~jI I:l-
AJ'f- ~!t1)J~JI.:.- ~\..nL('i.tG"f'f-~JJI/IIJ...t~jlj
_'f-lh,y.,'4-=-;;J';)'(,A~/..J~}.~}..:.-~J~J'A)
(,_Jui.:.-?JI t.fv..1Y L~!J~ r» ~I/~ ~jI f{.;)L)'1
V1'~~)JIj£L/v..~tJ/-f~L(L~.tG"J.~Lif.
-=-('i.tG"~Ll5'£L/y,-=-v..~I';~fu~~J'A)':'-~:,v..
..:.cl?J'~~~IL~~ jlLui.:.-?)L~IJG"JI(~?L)'I"';"'?
:'-=-)~ r,,f..J;..:'J:,v..if.'f-~)JI'y(~;VL),f~~J.(...---0v..
z; J;llj! / jlvL ~ U-=:(...-..v,., vf zfjilj L~ j J'_?.:.- L
, ",. - --.,..
V~l;..-=-J~r,,f..:'JJ} L),f~,o?:,V~V1'JIJ/.~~ jljLif.
'f-)?'y";,?~.:.-y.JI(~_;;L)"L)'~L~'k"''f-)L~'JG"l5''/~/~'
..L~"t.f~u( v.. ~(L"",,>~~'..J/.:.-L,.,L......>~,.?IJV:"
. ... . .-
:,(~~;JiLkfjj(L)'Iv.."';"'L)J;'~J'L~~/(L)"L~~~
~(L)'I.Jif'f-:,j(~)--0(?,,:d~v..tf..}bJt"f'f-~J)if
LJ~'v'-'f-t",,:~CI':'-')~j,'~~Lvli'f-t"~-=-J.t.f
v,ftL~I&;..jlf,,:J'ui-=-('i.tG"eiJ'v'?u}')~IJ.~
 51

._y~J'U_";~;J'/2-Ldt:f'~(!1 L UJ('I)!if-v1J1,-j~,
-1./J;,,;;.?~,j/~J.Af,f
~~v,--?;;,J~'LI)!;;li~,jv~cid,;v..I/;,I(~L"jij
-
L~fJ}oJV1L1Jf):jI'joJ..;:.,,t?I)!~l?u'p!Lv~ci_Ij'J1JJ
\'.

/,. ~u'oJU.t1L.lf?l..:.5.vl_'1)!
.. ,r;J· ., ..(..vOJ);'/ z-
2-vIL;,4.I!,f--r.I
-...t~v:rl~:,v1.1(i
LJIi7J!I)!if-f-1'4d;V ...[tJ!LJ...t~jij/tJ.lP.-9
).1/t'r.fif v1LLjoJ_f-,.,r (Factul Mistake)~..;:.,~J~
p!L..;:.,GJ,f~I,f-o'~/L~~J'.I~LJ:i;v.lrJ;;£.,f-J?-
J?-).IIv:rlLJ:io~~,f~t:f'~<IJ:-L.t1JIJI'-4Ui:,
I~L" jiJ~I./~.I~(J:i;v.lrJJ'J;L~,,ftJ;v.lrJ.lJ'
~~oJf::;... f e.t1(
(!1f f-(j.lJ?..;:,>I_;gJ:'_£.f-.Iv.io'~/L:
1):'Jrh1947/J-14Lt'r.fi ;;J~j.l;G-JL---(j.l}L~t:f'~
J/"J,J,~~~t:f'~.IJ'~~1):'1)!if-1IJ:v1Jr,I(~~
dt:f'~JLV0.?/~(;J":':;~):?I(~~~t:f'~-JrI)!J
d_J;,fd!rL~~ 1)!if-'.t11)!'1948(j.lJjv1Jr,I(~/~~
G-UJ4L~~'~4t);fVI./~:,l)!v1Jrllfl_j,fif-;;.IJ'
:,LJj;,fL~_V1JfJ,JI/J.I~.IJ'..:/;Ui.lJ'LJ! ~.t1(J/
f~Lt'r.fi~L~1J.I';? G-J""'V,/t'r.fif,fJ;f;
j,.I,J";:"'J~L..;:.,lP:b(liLJd:.G-..;:.,J:,fJ?-).Ilf(jJ;;.I
~~ULj,J!(.,C1~{~-(U_,Jv.io4"l7.J/I)!2-v'f-jf
 52

-~J1.1)'jjV; j~L
4;)J1 / "y ~'/~t:JL(V
'/~(fLJe • .. r', , .. V..'..r...::.., ~OJ
P,.tG'f~..::.c(; WI '/

.I;:--~vtJr'L'JY 1947 ~-14L~~ ~~~J4;)'v.rZ£~

,f~;:--~..::..AvJ(i.tG'J'J.I,j=,UJ1~.I.I~v.}--Py~'J.I,joJf
JJ~l;;'LV'f'7-~v.>'.lJ'J}.::-f./~/._pr'£=,j;!;J'Lif.
~,j{U.i~jJ4;)'~.4'~k-'"LJr,~,r:~~.I~~,(g(~t:J~(j!.~
~"::"Jg4;)~'~J(i.tG'L~~f'7-JL~,/~,r:~j.lJ.;~
~~jy(,te-'~V''7-J~J~J??2..L(gL._(C~J}--0
~J'('I4;)L)/i..L4;)c:J~(g~..::..tko'~vL(i.tG":''7-JJ'l'
(vr-i:.. vie- ~ U';'vh--4;)'(i.tG' J~k.lJ' ~ V-~J"!"'~.I/~
-~ , t"J'l'J~dL. u: Jfi

J 4-_fv'.lJ''7-..JV j~--0 ~t:J~.s;'7-J.I,JJ/-~ j j

JJ~'~~J(lfY.l'J.I~'LJ'I(liU'j.lJ'J.bJI.r'Ifh--u!...fi
JJ~'~(j";.lJ'v.rZ£~1..P}1jf~~jvi~J?JJr{I;;J4-_f
~ "-A L ~c:J~...fhJ' (i.tG' '.I'~-v.r ~ £.?e-'..::..~
((=,-l/.h.lJftuJJ~J~L.lP'~4;)j~'''::''~JJj:/d!.lG'
~~fi:....JJtif:;.:J.,..,~,~,....(i~'(~'.lJ'1A' ~.I.I~.Y"J~(jJ:!.
, .. ,... Y .. , ,,.

d,J~'J.vL P'At u:~ _t".I vi(-?_vJ ~.I~ j~J~,.f

'7-~,..?;u! JJ.I'(':.:.;}>.lJ,,.;I),,~ [?'";,,,:,",vJ' J'J/."(-'t,J_;?
rr,JLvt.f£
J.;.f.{.I'J.lIfh--L(i.tG'~~.lJuJ..J:>~J~._j
UJ.7.J4;)t:JL/ .I"pC'J?,UJ1if.~/~yj~J~~'~;.J'~
y",. • ,
 53

i.lY.lJIJlt".I?IJJ~JJ.I--fl(C)~J~jI;- (-Iv.!'L 1J:,-Jl/{

..::)~~~v! ':"'.IVS~.tG"f~ v! ,":,",CJLt'{ yj L U,(It.:!2f-
t~ C)~r:.rVL ~.tG"ji~2...~ C)IC)(;J..::;~~cJl.lJJL
V~!,;.I:,~.rv!C);VLIJ~v!~{/'j'·t]~I)!/.~""""I)/-
(.fI"JIrJJ'!ltJ#17SJ'Lfu£Jlu}~y;v!jiLeYt.f,":,",I&jj
C)~; V!, 1996/J-l L cJ'..x(eL..{/I{ J~S
--fl..Jt.L?L
';-I? ~.tG"f f- cc: u,Y'.:,..~:, J'~\..1 J/~_l.5JJL!'I).Irl
L~.tG"'iv.!' ~).:,..~S V)""oJ~J;.IJI?,::..d{{~t.l(
J"::;~v!f~LJ'LJ1 L)"::">!,;.Jv!cJljL ~iJ{()l.5j'-l
cJJ.:,..G"J.I,~
~.tG"SC)(;J..::; ~.fL 1.,/.'-/L ~.tG"/cJ(;
~.IJI
J~.IJlo~Jk.l
jij.J\i!ljiJ_~';J?Y/J£JIv! ,_,r.t]cJJ)
.IJlv~Ju~.&)J~~.tG"cJ(;J"::;~_~v!&J1Jf:..J(;"1
'i(')(~v'L~.tG".:,..~:,Aji~~~IJ.lJlklltllfivL()l.5j'-l
~J~ JJ.IjiLIr S.,::..>I,;.J
'io~J{ Ltfi} kf- t!-i ~.It":,
'-."1!!f-t"J1~J~JJ.lfv.!'(j~"';'"rji:,.IJIu.t~J~(l.5~...:.A.I
_J);; ~d.lG",tJJ1~.I)r/~""v!
 55

vC(;wl..-C? v!'-A L (l..tli

"-Cy.yl1

),I,v1z...~/J~~ b)t'f?.,._.fi:v1 JYlv?'JJ (.)})".

JYl':'-I.?,
r If.:.f.~ y"
L L l,.a! IJI7'- ~ z...Jfi U:/JI7'f? ",-/'J
,. .- "I" "I

cf,) J.:.-':I~'),'tJ)?}J (.);!(.)V'.J,~}'.:.-IJ'J-. Juv! ~I,v1

t'~0~'~'jif-v!J..1.-\.,n_tfJ,JLfC:,');,/;il.:.-LJ',v!
~IJI;)IL);I~~v1I1L~1)hb11(j~LYiL.:.-LJI'~,,'f-
t'~lPf~))),'.:I~Uf{(tL '::"IJ'J-.U}''4')VIY,-L~1)f(l

,
-.:::-

,.",/.
~~,J,- /lr?f:r f t]';) 1Uf.:.-~: v!J..1.-v'
....f(.)I(.v1~..£v!..£~'~t::-rr/~v,"'v1;£))rV'j',
vI>. if.1(t..(G"v!I;)t:f'~J Iv.:.-)r'~-'f- J~Yl( .:;;;?,y,Jvlf
L~';j,f(J,);;')fL~ (.);!(.)V/~J ~l'f-JrJ,J.a?IrL
.. .. ...
,JJ~'f~""';"·(V'_VJ~Iz..L.:.-b'J-.JU,= .,....lL....fv}I'
- !,_J'J1~ J-.:.- 1,;.,;--j"V""w.;~
J- if-y': L J-fli l/J'7'{ tf. L ~L..)/.;' jij
 56

1Jl~ l:)1';:""1~LfI.I~~'-/-.iJIL I.)!l:)t:f'r:rliL{L~.f1r

~JLI."·~ Vi.O"J~~",:",LIz;.I'";/.lfrIL I.)!~''f- ",:,,?
~",:"?~l:)II.)!":"Ir"'__W.l"V}J)-.pI.,:..~,,,flLvi'JI.)!d'-f
vIVk--Jft.l"J'.}...&'o,f~J.lI;1JlLvfi/t;/.lfrlLvJ(fi,'f-
''f-u:1U'",:"o;,_Jl:)'iJ,'fL{I.)!'-.l~L",:"O''J~~",:",LIz;_.e:.
I.)!JpL l:)I_'f-IJ1 e~~ ~.}I?'f- ,J!.1:.I'~~....Jji·~t;.fL{A
-SJ1,;W~.3fiJI,Lr~v~,Lv"'f-....Jj.7'~'.lIal:)~,~_(.Yy
Vlo'./'_v.f'-J",:"I?t~PY,;l.)!flJ'Lvl....Jjt.L~~
~'(}}J",:,,0"vll.)!.::/ JPJl:)II.)!iv._f~ tf ~?I.)! '-.l~ L
-vJ1c:Cf~
._fi?f 1.)J1I:"f~ fUN; ~ .,:../,01/ V£ ",:,,1 t",/.,J).- vI
,J L ~ "Voyage through History" ",:,,0"Jl:)1 .e: ~;;.lJ'J
e~~
I.)!Vl_-....a,~ ~If ~ 1987.1,11984L,J!..}JUJ.I..M1 ,J!.1:..'
(390::)Y):'f-LJ'J.4::V-(,JkLvJ(I
,"The Quadi Az~'m proud boast that the Muslim
League Organization consisted of Jinnah and his on steno,
betrayed the organisation's hollowness." ...

v"'f-{f.hLl:)'.I"vl>.,J!.:}~rJ~~fJ"=,jJ(1.f1r
-'f-I:"J1fiu:~vI/'(,J!.:}~r~
.,:..Ir,I-.PL (1.flrJ.4::f 'f- J~J1,;1
U:.,:..~ ='~ (.)"Jli'1;)!
l:)1

I:"J1D;'.t't.f::~v'_~~'/'{V'.l,'~~Jt",/.~?Y>J(.)/"J-'pt",/.
 57

~~'~C)'",'~;£J,t/l.);r;(4-/,)Lv,,,"~,Y.,ff-
~ /_~J~.tt..::,.~6: ,,),J'jP...::;td','£L/~·
'/ ",. y v", '.
, tr.Ir''-~L.f

I.)Jlh,,,L ~'y',~~t'.tto;'.t'~..J ',:J,fowfll)! ",:",Cl

tJ"'A;~
C)'{J'Y'~ ~~L?C)t:f~ [p~~2{)~'vL~;/1
LC)'I.)Lf.I)!J;:owfIJdL~J(,jL.ttJ'"t~:""LI.)Jlh'"
:L(Lf..I~'..J )JowfIowfI-~L,-r~"";,);;,
"you, you, you, every one of you is here because I
appointed you and let there be no misunderstanding on
this point: you are here so long as I want you."

0.l(v,L I)!ff-~v'u~f-ult-?owfIfi~I)!("",(,(,()
':::;"v'(-;;"f~J'f viJJJl/~ l)!,.J..1-v"~-'_
..f~,-r I.)lt-....f
( 145/.Y)(fl.),-r~1)!
.,

-V! ~o,f f- J,.?,:, {I.)i"".£...C)t;:.-,~/~(...1)~~

V-,-"~LI.)}.:,,t'J"LIr~~·cJt;:.-,~v1tf'_t',-ro;'.t'~v'
~"L~l1.J.v.?owfI/~.It'"),,.~C)t;:.-,~-V!v.?tJ~L,Lv
j),,')k.J.£,_r;L({,.It'O'l"pC)jJy-.~J'{( 'il.)! C)'-~ '_.I~
if.f~ .. I)f'~~.1 t'..;f.lf,jj i.lyJ/.:::;"v'v-
, viLA '~', ,
C)t;:.-,~ _..;f.lf,
O)V.:.f.)'~Jl.)i.l".)f:",'J'?J,,,~..J),,,/,)_f?,Y;~J'J"J
~~.,-~~ C)0~~/1·~C)6/~"Py ~~{li~,,,1)! C)'-,_
, ., r- , _
.tJi.ltlvfl)!tJf.~f.tt((/b.lt'?J?l)!tJJ~_v1;J~~f~~"'f ,
 58

,-)~~k"v!.JJ.-VIf- V~Cv! J-tS.::,..lJl),.;I,,,,Jj.lJI'UJZlt

j..J/v! ~~L ~ Lv'-.c...~~ lI'l...{f_O/yr'"
,..Jzji,.;I.lIJJ ." ,T ...
~J
Z£.I~.::;...j,..;£IfIJ~.Ji"_v.!;;.IJIDJIJ&LI;J~v!,f.ff-Ji
-f- ~.I.1et/~) IrL.lJJ'::;'"d lP:'1~~,JI? ;Ji..Jzji~.::;...~-I./.t
~ JJ'do,I./.t J~
U.lJ?"::';> If.:.(..IJIv!.JJ.-L~ J'~..(G"
J'",:",~jl{J'a.v -1J1V-~"(:"I>.':'Li"I:e."J..I(t J1 (~I [P-f-
S/:")25S~I-v.!V-J:I;;f-jJ~v!':.f/."ifi~J'~IV-()i.cr
J'''::';>~JJ'uj~~I)i_D).JD).J_I./.t.::,..'';',fV-'-ALifi~~.It"
..,ftDJV-Ai"Vlf f-.IJ?~~-Sy;v.!f ~ ~J' ~I.::;... VIji, Lir
_SJ1v.!'::"'.IJ?J'..JH;;JPjl;.IJJLdofLJ!jv-~J'~l)I("
_(J1ui;~Iv!'::'" ;tS~I.::;...L~U:;.IJI.lI;!":'-Jvvit
.I}L ~J.lt"..,ft~~(~..(G"f(uy;~if ,f~,v!.JJ.-vl
Jk'::'" JJl;",:",I_~.IIJI~'J'.::,.. DJ-::r-f tJ{
JJl;.IJI..,ijJ,J?Lt..!r;..,ft
2!... 'v1 J.L.---L ",:",1,v1~ J~,f.::,..tl1 ..I.1JI4-J.lLufl,v1 ~
2._L 2.::;... f.!)f,l./.t?
..::.-JJk>:--'f-"::'-.JJ.?J'..::.-h)ii.lJf.::,..JJk>L
J1v.!v!~J'~Ji,J;Jf,(J1JljjJ?L~fLtJy;,j..rr..,ijJlff.l(;f.,,'
_-f-..,ijJvtf~_(LIrD.l) },>'..,ftD;lP~'::"'.I~-(
~J' ~~; i~ ?-.Io;:j~..(G")if 'f- t"1r~;ff~ 2._ vf
~f/if-f f- t")If~ J' ~j J'(}.I'fJJv,f...,ft Dj~ ,jJ1,.;..:)l;
(tJ/,JDJ/':rLi0~..,ftLd }-\fe.lV£/L'f-~~~f{tJY!'~
_f-.::,...IJ?J'Lhi{Djvf'~v.!CJJI(..::/f{t,)J.t)
 59

f_.::...~~jIjJj~->t."J~~6fl.),fJ/,_/.f,_/.jj
I • ,

./;'/ ;ji/{,.lt"fLIrV t:/~t,;I~Jjf ~J.lIJ,..,.jJ/-=~.I"'~

-.tf..;o!f.;lrft'~J.I,?JJJSvljiLIrVvt;
U'.I~I,-/,JL 'J.l1
ut}wL·~j·:rI.)'Jh,U(..;1 (~~~)
.,:..-'(,f~~I.UL~t."J~~=f-:-->..,.~v.it~~~I?'-/-L
- . -, -
(_~~.lJL~.I"'.I"..!<:.h.l.t=...(i.::...Jj,",,-1A
-,'::"'.lLL!
.,.,
 61

_Ljj;;f ~~.Ji~Ijl
"~?';.:(cf-'J.ftvi~v!JIr56itJ)'J}j,'J}tJ}.J'
jJJtJ'cJUv.r .... ;,~V-?L~lz~*~,..wtJ}fl(.?L~
Lvli.f L ;~Jt .~¥J~~'~i2.. tfl j'v.iIJ'Jt J'I:)111)I.,
IJ'{T-~JLJ!.:ltJ,jtJ'~~~AP!J;";j,v.iU--JG"L~J41
...v.i£IJ".ftiU--u~Jht,;tV:~j"tAp;'J
_tlJ?'~IJ'JI······tJJ
;J?'~
_tltJ}.IJ'JI······tJJ;~~~
~JI)i0.rj"v.r ~.ft~~tC;Ij'h...f1.a?IrL_;/:c'{h4,1
v.. ...$.I.:)I~,¥J1.,1';~ ~y"'~j...(;" j)'J!'v.. up-",.(T-
jlJ}O)!J~_;~tJ,;tJJ_;;~j,',}lf...f1,IJ'~...f1L',L.ft~
-::;-~,j.f~}U~'(}I'~~~~iT-j~~jlJJ.j,'
-.£j,'tf.J~j'; J' ..i..J"...f1/~tJ,(pj,'J~.a?IrL~AP!
fL(.:;..rjJ~,..L_;/j~_v.i~~tfl.:)k=~I:)VJ'J(p~)~
 62

:v!tf,,-vi'~I;-ot:[J~LI.YLt~~J~JIv":-.I~"J?Y
;;::_~.I"
I
J~I)I~}L£J(..Ja>'-.Ilvfji;;::_
., ., I
G·;..··~.:;;::_
,I
tJ~
.I,"~L'.,:..joJ)/II;!t.}:.vl.l{ Lt:/-,Jv;',j..:-jl;),'.I"vji jJu.; ji
,,(t): ~(t J1 ,J[J./~.I,);;{'~~J~Ir~ ,.:f-......v./iS''f-,;;
~...fi~LJ.lhftfv.lr':(I/~JJ1vi',-:-,'r:'(V)vJ!JI:)I.lI;:'--I
.IJI'~..L,,PI'" th.'f-;;f." if:.s;4'~If> (I/.J'f' L ~".If '(I:)IV-
-'f-~.I~.,ju ~J}./ ~JfJ(I/ .....''j;(~''t.f
ie.~f.l,'''iij''J/.t.}:.r.~tJ'rt.ff Vl LIf>J".tvf'r
LI~.I,I ~~L~ .::.-!tJxL v~~ ......tt. ~vi'dt. -fVJ;,,)
~t J~ 1857-VltJJLrltJ)J'-.I1n ji.lJ;"~'.::)J J~L"/.J(.)~~
...$."of.,)J.Jr~ ljitJY./J...Ju;L'-.I/L r if- '15)1) I...$."
,,~~;£yvi'vf' ...J u;L.::) If.,.:;,-;),._t, J".t'15JI)1
(~~cf.vi'vf' W~)
"..OU:'...:fI:-~vi'Lv!'~II'~ji'f-'XIl 5,6~r;'..:-Ap!
;:f~JIJ~I"" ,.., cCJt.flfJ"i J!d;;::_~J:)
- '( {,.It';;::_.IJL.lJI;;::_ ,
(51'_;/..:- ~JIP 'f- jlf> OJ,)J" I:)!)......;£v./!JG7t,J:.)
ff....... 1:)1

b.lt'....@'v.lJ1o.J:?
L V,~.,..tl}(-L ..:-j.lJI..:-jl;-o,r-'Plf'f-
,; j._t,;J '(~I,;b.lt':ft?,~ L} tJ' "L(.;,I"/(tL b.lt',.....v:1
• - y. "
. .:0
4ft_
~~ If> vi'if- t:I: I:)VtJ~)jy,J.:.:?~~P...:fI
'(I:)'_~
J...t~ jii(t '(if. ~Jf!i.lY...:fI...J/.IJI...J/.........J/L rt.):.
_'v.:rt;£...tr..,.jil;'
. t!, (A",_.,..
'-4"'-1, •. v.'tL ......;;::_
,
 63

~ (""f- .I"'~ J4tJ:r.fi~~,

J ''.:Yf.l'J ~L.Y""
-: t.,/.UJ'~ .I"lit.fj~.;:., jt.,/. uiL.Y".I,'UJ,~./ lPrY. / .;:.,1itC>,
fL :r.)i.l,'u.tf-.I(JJ1LuiL.Y"-..f~/J.,b...flufli tJj~",~,
2_ ~,/.:;/f.l'JL
" uiL.Y"uft'~ , JUJ.;:.,I1-=-
. ov;""u:/rf
.;;.AI.;,.JivL~'.I"J.fJ}'f/.d£,;;,tJ:r.fiLJ1;£..::)j"y~
(~£ft~,?J/~)'~f , -
b.lt'Jl((tjiv.:f&J(
......
b.lt'?J~~~fL~f-:~~'?i
uyr.~L._;)uiJJ1f-b.lt'Ju,:r.fiujif-jJlPr~1f-U~L""
~,flr.'~if"u:/rP!LLf~t0',{.I,bJ~~J(,I?b.lt'j~J
f{(~f!.,_(v.r JfiJ.J"!~'ji?-,;.I'e:.?-fcd (((tJ.I'J~A-=-
f-~JJ/-=-(V6,;{.I,bJfj~Lf f.:;/g'.Lf~(Vji~ f
~ ,j',r.l"~..z r~/-f f- t:,._;/ jip y.;- .I~., (.:;/g,;
?IJ ~"".IdlP/.,.,.I,b~, Llr.. J LYl ~~ (.;:.,1).1" J "~J.I'!'
.I"J~tJJo~~ t.,/. J v' L ,_;V'Jl((t.l,':)1.::.-~Y_v.:f
o~.I,'Jf~,f~((~('ItY!-
y ."
(._;1k',...
• ..,
~JYlJIJ..a!J.;;r,/
_. y

~ (""-=-,_;v'Jl((tPlLL./'_;(..p '::,.J;v;tJJ',-:-=-u_,;~
-J~
f-~.I....c7o?(Uiln
~L.llh.f~t'
, ,
f-~'/-.I~~.I'r).J' ~
, ,- / -(.I'
~L.lj'Jo'.ItJ ... }o(~UJ...d
"/ ,.
 64

_e-t.:!-J·V
I
,st,Ji.f}t- /.."
~lS;';ltJ'fJf;,..:%jL• 'I"

C)i!)Lu"..;LlJfuLC)fJ,'lJlu,lJfJt-
., ., ~.IJ~~/"
f"., (;...J~

.G- ~ft,J!J'f ~ C)lJ.-'"t,J,;,'/L~t:--,~~h.% G- "':-""'J,I v.!

_t,JJ1~~J,f_t'~2..at_
° ••

J r
tJ1~.····· ..If-f.Y. "~ I".f'r" t'" °
~ t-tfU;-J,f/-,o.tf ?(-° °L .:;;..1.'
!(e-JLJ1,.!
, -
ore·AtlJ)"f.!'(:; j..
y
e-
,
 65

,fI:)'~ff-~;; j( L V~'-VJ1t-'/('/' '()~~ jljv!

U:viI~..;v.ro'4)(:LI:)~;~
..~Cf,'-v.rO)v.:.-~t-~,,(-¥~
if-t/L I:)~;-f-'J1J~'U:~a~ L tL..!} jr....fl~,Pr.tG'
L,Pr.tG'Lv!-IJ!lttJ/(JJ...:,..-"~O'4'(1:)'~L',~L)Iv~x
/)sjllV"v!~'(~JJr'v!-f-,f~,?v- u~t.fL.J'!~"f 1-938
v!~L(;)'~"li~LJ{t./~)JJJr/,Pr.tG'.J.??liJ~if-v!
_lil)l('/'o'~;'
(~'(~';: j~,~,....t0"..!}jr(;l:;~j'((y/if-J},J./jlj
(Y/v!~~~L,Pr.tG'_£'L./if-)L'"¥'.JP+-{~_li..!}~~{dt.
J4L "My Last Days With Quaid-e-Azm"":",,C(,f~J'}'Ij
~"~4,&.:..(..h~~L(Y/~J,jlL!/~)LJ1";(je~Io)~
~,J:J',./e~",:",,~.a?~L)j(.) / /LJ1~~; 11:)'.t)Lur:,
'i-' if-J,J.f_ j(.))..;.:.-;'If' if-,f",:""Cf'o;'(-;(.)/-- '/ ':}./¥ if-
L V',-tt.J1~~~ ~)LJ1i..~i.~{2
v!1~~._j,{,f":",,C(
 66

-J<fL(o_).,J!-jinu,jijY"JJ...{IL!;)t",Jlf
";v1o'4J(:",u.rZt"r..J)J!;)~LJ/;~jijJ!PlLdi./'
{ft:JLIr";_J~J;t"Y,.;v1 Yv1t::IJJ'/
~}G"fiL";v1::1'
.,,/~~J1J..V,(!;),~~;V1J~~.Ip_~L'.¢/L'.I~'Lu.ti'
-~''I' J'!(!;)L{
j'j~,'~ I'
(15.1~i./'-~ ~/':':'!JL JJ ~tr.tG"f 'f- ~...{I~
fiLLu::tr.tG"f 'f-~t,/~I),,;(:;~/YJ/~,-YLf 1940

J;'.ILlP7,/JjlYLtr.tG".I,'~~/LJjJ.,,-,?:-jij~1r
2~ fi d L (QATH)HIPPOCRA TIC~ ";'.J,~.I,'lfJ.Jjt"
L!;)'.I"~ ~ i./~L Jjjit? /.::.f. tr.tG"_I)k.~(;'.ILlP7,ji j
j.J~.1(i./'lfi./~ Ltr.tG"J}.I"~J?Y~ uIIJ,.,fJ i./'If,-/-,
~V'~2...Lo.J?/,y.J'Jfjij~~~.JJj.J~.Ilf'_I)J?Y
d,jij,J~~JJ-?Jv0,{{~JJ~.J
l.f.\.. jij~ f ~'o,ji
~,{L(..I(~)J.}lI!...(I.JJ'J~~,-/-'.I"J.}~~.I~'{(1w
u},JL tr.tG"_,]v~2... L ~; ~ J~ f 154: L.ti'v .:«
V.ly...{l~..._.:>L{"L"; fi.l,'~/~~)15..(LUNGS)'- 0
d.J~.I(!;)},,-/-'~_~'..(L~,j'LJ'(...{If?J1(CAVITY)
~,.;L;i./'_~ LflY;:'6J .:;).IJ;j( J J/.:..--!L.I,'!;)lf'"'(r
o~J'Jk.l~~ ji j.rZJJA...f'-0...{1..J/(CAVITYH(;~;'
u},J f_~J f (PHRENICCRUSH)15k.J J '-~ ...{I
J,_t".rZ";PJY:/;:Jf~jJ)JJ~~'::'-.J~J (LUNGS)U,0
 67

-iJJ1Jl[-I(STREPTO MY CIN)~JL}f-?IjJ...fIoJl;oJI;(.)iJ
-I.YljGIJ(/~':G".::...I)'I.lJIJIJ.I~.I';ILfJ'C)I.lJI~J!IJ.lfr.
(.)Jjf5LC)~f'f-v.1YC)~~(.,~~jf5",:",?.::...~J!IJ.I
/o.;rL (.)Jjf5L 1.).7..JJI1t ~~~.;LJI J':cL ().J'<:
J'o.;rL
,.:..t~LJ/.;~jfLJt().I,<:J'JJL(.)Jjf5Lrr.:.IJI1J.llj':;"/.Ik
.JJ1v1'
L.I/(j1tS''::'''J?'JL jf5J.k1Lrr.:"il{-'f-Jt;; e'Ju!
-v1' L.lJJ((.)Jjf5,fL(f":.fu/JJ
?-.I",:",Ij~J'~':G"u!f 1948C)?fv1' JI)?J~~jf5
(.)JjfL!
":".IVu;f,u!jlJIL C)?_f!. ~~IeJJ.UvL .::..cCrJ'
? ~J!IJ'/_f!.J1 JP:u!.I~.I~IdtfoJ.lJI!()J/u;f,u!J11? V111
LJ~~-V1~/~ ~D~JJ~.I.IJlu;f,e:.~~~
.
.::...I)'I-e:.~JjD~JJL.I_(Li~_~LJ.lI;~
.. , .. ..
~/(.)iJJ
.::-f. .::...1)'1 ~ ~f 'f-~ ~ -'f- JJ1Ji u: 111.::... ~(pj ~~~ jf 5
,.JIYU.lJ?~(f;fj~~J'lfI)5'_.ILJ/.;~Y,L~~.Ylt,J;~
{J-tl}J'~':G"DJ.lJI~JPID~~/~':G".;~J!IJ.ljfL'f-1J
JhJI ~I>._;'G,....7-e:.'f-N_J,.;,.:..J'!'J'":"G"j),Ie~JC)~J.,:;;~
cJ;....{r' t,Ilhl,d!J;;:O}.k.lJ1cJt;J":;;j(f'f- ~..JI..PL ~JJ,
~PyIC)I..JlPL(;,~L~/L~J!IJhJI("'I>._;'uJ:.£J
.::...J~}.::...~! JJL ~':G"f 'f- ~J"!'~-1J,.;L_AJV.::...
- J',.:..G"
j),
~~I ...nJ'~':G"( 1~f1L)(UC·'",:",}V'L~Ar~~J;!
 68

J)~TJy~J~'~~i'{-k'fiU;~i'{£iv!~I,.JI.S.I~
J~(V»~:/-'.I".I~~iv!~~y'!,j'{LJ'A~J~
v!~Y.!,/,;r,.tIiv!("L,",/1'J,;{t-7L'{~_~~J'(U;;·'
~.%JJ(~,jJ~Y.!'L"~_;'~~ 7fv.r~~J~~jfL~~LI
~LL1'~~f:[ J-c....';:".I,?Jt,j,1
, - -
u{;.%~I./'V_c....V~~
,
~J i,~ u"
i'~'f'J ~:/-f J'V~'.I'f~~~ I./J~ ).11/ ,;r,.tli
Jt$:f(~.tIi?:.I./J;;!!_;Ir-';:"f.l,",f_~~(l,r;f~(,/.,~--~~J
...;~~ey~t;J'::;~-~.I~/~J/I5'~£h~,J'J/"-~J1
iJ}"'.IJ~J!'Jj'_L~J,fl!;/;fJ!l./ff(v,J:.J~v!-7.1
l'
-J~Jl5'f/l.S.li
~Nt.f,j.L ~,;f.liLJ~~;_r,; ...
- . rP'.tlifc....VJ//.;:.,Ll./f
I. ,_ ". r..." j""
,JJ,,/,J'.t(-~ ~~L ft.l-';~~/-.I'fL v! ~l;f; f~ ~L)
.
~~,,~/if7~r-PLJ-{.I'f~,JfJJfL).'~J.I'f~...!.!JL
~JJrJ/J~~jf;_c.;~~l;f;J',j.it'J1~JtG;-f,(/J1j(~f.l'f
(gL~.wJ~~.tIiL V,ffv! d-f J-L)..~J~I5'.;:.,~;(LJ~f
.
2._ L .;:.,r.;JY.::/f1'rv! ~c:--,~'-',., if J t)f:/L.lL~f.l'JL
.
_~?YfYL"':{iv!~/.~ JJJrsJ'J/JL' J!LjJvv
(~l;f;~.It'_~~L~.tIiJ/~~ ~~.I'fJW/~~ ~.IJ
t]f_v.r£L/V!~I.S/-f7I5'f/'.t;Jc)L)l./fL,;r,.trs.l'Jfi
t:
.I,ff;{.f~f}/.Ifr.l'f..l(J!J~~ .I"~~",:",!fv!~L vI--L/
J?,J'/(UZi.l;JrsJ/I5'~.I'f'f-fJ1~rJ~,_fJ'f-~~'J/~t:J;
_c....Liv!
,-
 69

L.I J.!(lY/~St".tG"J\f~'- _/otv)J' jt:J~d;-;..IA

_ (- ..• ?J,.,..; ", r"
LYl z: U.I(L,..<i (.)i!jJ,.I,;'J. G"t,;/-,- _ '-V.:Jr.",J;W, ~ c:
'I

~v.J'.I"'i-'v:rlL(~b.lt"1~J/JyRLt:!-~J12_'-.I1a
~J'il>.,.ruYlif. v.-f- ~h'p2_LJv7.JJ'(.)}-'J',L it,J!
t.f~? ~.;:.,Ij J'C),,.rf-:: :A!.)d..;f.~ '-r'" (L.I J.! Ct'}/
vvt.Y-L,.,r"GJ;j/dlR~(".-LtJ.I'J~jtJ.li;;L,.,~Lf.;:.,LJ/
-. . y • - •

-LIrV:cJ~~J/.;:.,'jJ'C)'t,J!? iL.;:.,w.,~,.;:.,iJ~.I"(.)i'.Ii
.I',"-e: ),r""'P.,
r-r 'J.~"'~'~r ........ ,~.. f'" ~ •• 1.,•• r .
~-..- 'J'-J.r.l~ /'J~V'-/-.::'''''V'
-

C) '-1.J.t .;:.,1~ ,.;:.,t ~ JJl,,:-,?~ r 'J. G"

r" -" - . ~ ... • ?~.."
c: J lP",,-.I t't,J! t:!-I,..V
:f-J.jCt.lJ~~.;:.,b1L"LIrt£.J.!~
/C)(;if..:.1~t,J! ';:".IVJ' il>._(2)'vb1 ( J.I.I,' ~.tG" -(1)
t".tG"_(4),Jj(".-1;J,.,~,jJ'~K-'_(3)'.I"".1.,,?,~~,
oJ::-~"';J' C)'·"'.;:.,1~',;:" t~-(5).I,'~0"C)I;f~ JI(;~
J' ~J..LJJlk'l/ ,)::.1;,/ ;;;/dIRLJ/.;~ji;t,J! ,j!'I.J.t.;:.,b1 - .
 70

l:.I~';-IL J~~ flt.J1J ((",(iL eij j.l.lJI(Pi.tG"_'T-

J'~/
:'T-~l:.I~utv!"~e:.)k(Pi.tG"~"
uJ~.:::;_j.lJ.:J'~eij/J.;~J'~LUJ(Iv!, 1918"
(",(i(l:.IrA.lJI~.n~~~~jj.l-t.£J,;J(IJrIJ}.J,:::;_uJ~iJ'
, JJ~.:::;_
.ifc... .. jl.l}..?'o~t !}~J'~(..nL v!-'.n.:::;_i-I>.J~
fL v; L "-VI j; t J)~ 1t"£Lj'.I}..?lo~ t!}~/eijj.li-I>. J
~?LUJ(":'1'i"~.:::;_(Pi.tG"(",(i(~I.lJI~~~v.rlLU?,rL
f u:?~J/v!VI.lJIl).:::;_j...?";Y';I~( l:.Ilf'T-t"!rl{f'T-lPf
(IJr'J}./";.t.:J'JL.n~ILUJ(IAi,I)(.)!.r-~U:),(l:.Il.t~Ll:.I'
":",~·'(J.u:),u:'if2..LL'i"~(,,,(i.lJ'2...L?v!~';-'.lJ'
J/v!~J',~~f'T-fiU:-t".n.:::;_j...?J/Jt,,:?(if.'~,;U/.
':.tf;{
~L(IJr'J}.(~)j.lJ.:J ~eivf JL)~}!('f~.lG"
Jt'J~? '1'i"~L If.~..IJ.~(",t (i-I>.J..I.a?L.,,4.(1)r!7(t
v!(",(iv'_e:. (LIJ.!L~J J.lJI.(O'.lJI..¢L..::..rlz/J/
-JLj!~..IJ.;::'I)J J.I...p.,e:.J~jJ/~~~.lo.;::'I)L~.tG"
15'~'V').J/Jt'L~Li-I>./j.lf'T-IJttf..::.->w.,J:.It":,U~
j...I;?L(Pi.tG"f'T-I Jt if-t/~~:,.I"~ J~J_";v!..J...fIS
j~''T-fil'-~J'Jtf~~~...fIV-4>Y..dt.,;:)'~Lj~Icr:1.1
~j,.l}..?'o~ t!}~,I)~ J'J~~~:,"::;'if.,v! vfJ~v./. L
..::;'vV- ~ l:.I~ Lj t:J; .l1J~;.::~j~,)iv! J 1i:J~U:,_e:..,:.,~
 71

..,JI,v,-LIf ~~r:.-I?'~y..A',?-.l..;J.Y'(; J\VIjl.li t iJ.Y'ji, JJ1";

/35/
Y 7
Y L '~;~ jtt(;L ,-
?~.tG""_ClJ..?I..J(;i.lp'Y-J'
I •

L ~.tG"r..t':'-.l~;J~(; J..::;~~((,);fL':'-~.lI;fu/-
~(;J~.tG"r..t.:.-G"1J,(t"~viJjJ/~vl)o~L,).~o~L,.a?V
{~ID"':v1;{...J~.Y'jlL'f-~:jljJh.l,,?-,;.:i.~,/~~

,dJ/.:.-G"1J,~,)~,.a?vL~.tG"J~(;J..::;~_e:LhC"¥I..:.I)..
~ j vitfe:~ ~/~.tG" jlh/~ .:.-G"1J,vl-I)i.lUAe'O)~;~ /.
i-I>.~ r"~g,LJ!
.,..
. 1PJ1.,:...-'.I'-co,..,;bl,(;.il.
... f'_~jl/Jv,)("
l:I;...., y ~?,~
._/ 4 ,

~(;J"::;~~L.:.-G"1J,~~.tG"_e:e:.J1ViL'-.l;DJf'f-t;f(
L\l.111tll.a?vL.:.-lJVlfU~,-'ui,)L~.tG".I"~l>.ifL
Jk> (~~~i( 7_e:'f-.l,-)J!hVIJI~L(~, ;,~I.I,)L
~)~(U.l~~I.IL r..t)L~I/~(;J"::;~L~.tG"r..t.:.-G"1J,Vlf'f-
Jju:;,JIft"''/'U)'-).:.-~t~~r..t'-.l~L?-,;.:i.(j.a?V.l,'li
':'Lh'~ ,JJJJr..t,-.l~
L,-~I.f!;,L cJ'
(Ui)C"¥I~~I{430YL':"'t":",l;",,:,,,Cl~IL":,,,l;..,;bl.:.-.l;
~ LIp L i-I>. J.ij~7r..t ~.I Jj;~1LJ1 £. cJ~ L (Pi.tG"n
:~LfUj
, .. ..
"Fati. do you know why he has come?" I said I
would'nt be able to guess the reason. He said "He wants to
know how serious my sickness is. How long I will las."
 72

v,ji'f-..::-~J~.)'J'"P,';'.»lL.::;uJJ,G..J7-;.I/....ful(.
:f-(j.l.trU~UiKJ'
"I found the Prime Minister on the dinner table in a
jolly mood, cracking jokes and laughing, while I shivered
with fright about his health, who was alone in his sick
bed. Chaudhri Mohammad Ali was silent, thinking."
L.trt,)!uJ)r"Ju/..::-uJJ,vl~1,.. JIJi Ift,)!..::-tJlP~'":,,,'
L.tr ~)~.I) (..v/JI..> JuL,j' ~" J! rJ! (::.....J.JI}..::-uJJ,
..... .. y ..
JI,
/uG..;:t,G....:)~y.o,,.f?t,)!..:..t~,,:,:;,vIL(i,:ufv.:f~~
(jfi'v .I"I,f,.If.tr),..i/'(j ....fd"..1J'u'.I~ILfit..J/..::-~ .1,1£
-
ct,}~,v'Li-l>./cJ(;J":':;I).£~.tr.l~(J')r.fI(~..::-~filr
.,
{&-Yv'-.tr~)~..:-:~J'J'A~~I~•.trJ'~,J/t,)! ..::-uJJ,
O))"::-/.

£)?~U~,jiif-J!,jij{e~v'f-J!U:!f-cC~V0,~LL.tr
.h~'G..L~..::-~J'u.l~J'~I>.Ljij{.IL..V'L"p',;,~Ji.l"
(ji~.tr)?t',fr,j..::- ~J' U.l ~/"P" )J/'f'':u}i t.f-A.li~)
-t'.trv1~L/'J/t,)! d',jJ'..::-~CJ'ljij{':u
...£U;\)'L~I,...Iyjijt.fG..LI.YL~;.:1.J'~.:u
..i',~t1J~~cf.'J)~o;I>.)LiJ'(i,:u..::-;v':r-V ~P.---flV-
ff- ~.I)...fUl(.~;'·:'f-~c( _,;,~ (~.J~~LJrr
_,,/I..::-jrrL,:u~(::.....'L.I~LJ1L.lLv!I)L),j'uh
? r- '.,
~ (~·tf~t,jV- ..:YL'J'Jrr..i',~~ ~o;1>. )LiJ'~,:E_L.::-)
 73

-=-<:I;.~,.(
, . ~ _(;7 If,!
L IP JI.,f~~.:::;?
." ,J../~,
.. v,r'Ij;.::;....
~ CI.r"..Jr'1:,
t.f..VJ~J~;jJ:JI>.
Jt.i~i~~J~/~Jil>.~II~'~
JliVI_f-(.)Vli)JJ'j;'j~~(~,J~~~L~vil
j~; t.Y4)# (lPj,'(;.j(i'cJ'j~ ~i '(;.j(~ v! ~r;LIIJI>.
.ilt.f..L~~t.f~,tiff-~Llj'L.:..~=_v!J~.:..~
;£jJ;j/ ':"~j'?j"(.)";~L-=-<:}!.J;L 1I~'jJ~'{L (.)itJ.-'"_jl
... - ..
..,-'::;""C£,YJ!;.,-""i,Llj'L~~C)III',.(LIPL)£LJ1
" ... ,','

J~,tlr t.f..~j J t5'J~t.f..cJ?'i-' L j~ ji; li)",'

fj'vtJ}~z..'j"f-V'd~...J'jJ~JIPLJ~ -..fI/J.ljJ~J;!I
.fcC'fV'viJI~IJi/4-Ji J~~VI_f-~Jjl)';~~(~_;/
tJ ;(il;;~;/ ,.(f-t5'j))Jlh:tfllJj~p!LJ~jL~,t1r ~jt-
J-,~t.f..~IjL (/vIL~;/ .tv!J"r t.fJr"J{ ~ .:..~I,
a:. .:..~I}h'/~I/il>.~ ;/L.::/fJ.::J,vl-Vl jJ'fJIJ;J
(.)K/.ui'J~J~,tij;~J4..vL":,,,Ib7~(}LJ1L;;(r
il>.~;/~{"'/.IJ?-JiI>.A'~J";":,,,I? ~{vlL~I>.J~{
J1xfcJlj,JLJ!IJIJ ·(Jp'v~"t.f..~;/:~·-;'}i~jcJlj'JL!IJ
~"L":,,,t;JJ'.:..~;-j
.:..';;( jIjL~jJL":~ ~,.t..-..fIt.f..'¥
~I_f-(JlP!'fo)"My Brother"cJ'Y(if.·f-j'?eJ~--fi;...}'v!
='(u;Ip;L~jJ~,tr;-I)~!i~C),t,;iLtVIJ.rL(.)';,
~,tIr-,y.vieL\).{~"?fj{(v'~":""~-4-e/':;'j~}--fi
.1Jyr...fiJL.fe~u!':"jr'J.Cr~I{e"'LJ'i~(i-J'v~L
 74

G-Jt;,),'J,.hC./-i~_~~):tJ·U}~'''L5l ..~tf:.:r:,~
,~v./I...f';:"'.J,J'A..flG-);~tJ/ i~lf';:"')Y'Jt,,;C:L(~)i
v'-'f- J.t1J.}tJy'';:'''.J,Jv~~J ~-'f- ~ I:/..}I:.£J.,;')
~~(\PP,;-',;-'h;!G-~r~J~;I;·/-i~»v..~/
fv.!Jj~!t(\Pv'L(;),~,(~:,P}t~)}tJ'7.-V1L~e_
/ . y. y

p!Lv~~>'L5".:..f.v..~JJ';r,fUI.-c.C
1JJ("I...f.;:..,':::,IrJ..!
':'~t"~
, .
J~I>.,..,h;~7LJ/;~ lW(';)L5"'
';-'L.t1~J.J'.Y(":,,,cr
1J.I'}J;vG-,..;v.....J',L~'jJ~x!'L~ 7f'f-~l:)~v..(;);V
,. ., -
t:..1>.-~,.t1J()it~,J~J-"(--cr""i.~lIl:)~/O,,()i..;)',~
,
.;:..,~v,J~l.Pjitd'!;:Cv..~vl~J;vk~J~~ljJ~x!IJ
:'),'u!(;)i~))J;,,~I>...JG~7fu.t1~ ,fv..~)J j~~fiG-
_;~L..::..;/ri..L~J..::..;)~J}"~ft)i(j._;.,,..;~J(l:),
u,f'L.t1Lf":,,,UJG-("~L)J~v.., 1964~;r,_~.t1,)r._;.,
Lv..Lfl:!lfu~J\7~)J!I.;:..,~:,v..~Ji":t)kLjJJJy.L
L~(l(f)"f.;:..,LfjfLv)v) {'"--'f- 'r}Jfjt,J!'-?.;:..r'J~;h}
J,f?/J?l:)'wttJ/-)"'V1;f'wtz:.,fE....;JJ.-r;{'rf.f[f.L~ 'wt
·:.~If~
, .
G-ifL~~J(.L..:..;:..,~~L:'r;f~~~L ":;'"Lf"L r
J.....cl[ jiJ.I(i (( t,J!(;);V,;-'L _;Y'.r" jiLt)~ J Vf"L~ ;;1
. :' 2.. L L;/;I'fi;:t; L ~ l.P J.....cl[f'f- ~J'7':,"~ l,..
 75

J~V'.IJ'l~L v,;, lfl;)t:f'~f1JO' P:,.I~JL~.tG"J}f1JO'j

(ti~'L~.tG"J)7.;.IIq.fJJ::,=L--:->~.I~jfjv!J.lL
J~IJi;!b"'i.t)Jif-{v:£Jltp,.t~/L~~~b"l;)t:f'~(gv!t.l~
...[fi}-'7-,::,~,",l;)/JIJL~Mv!~VliJ~~<J~-V'v1
l;)IL~.tG"L t'" (>._}I;".~7,j'vJ.J Ii J t'" (>..IJIVV(~J l;)t:f'~
L'rtJ.I,r.b"~.IJL)JL?.1;'-'7-JLjjlz;v!j;WI';-IJ'::'Pr
,,:,,0'Vl-'7-V'J::e/b"I.lIii...JiJPL..:.c/
iJt',,(>._}~ .....
7~C)'Y
:'7-ViVPl~ b"":,,Uz7~( }v!f 1955Jt',,(>._}~ 7{48YL
.....
..
':..t:C.;4L~.I~v!L;~I.lJIII~lPdt:f'~Lv';I" ,.
u~~j)(;J'J;J,-v~t:f'~j~q.L~.tG"fyi~v!vl
Lj~;JJL'C)~L(II;.('7-:,ji&f.V'J::'::'~~Ij/Uil',=-J
if-.,:..~:' A- iJ~f).:: b"~JgJ( jvlL ~(>.~ tf~'Ul J!...flL
J.}Lv~":"'vL(gL~~L~(>.f'7-J?~{j.l~.IL{,A·
.
~'LnJ~v!~~ ~'Vl.lJIJ';.I!-?I~;v!~~ ...f,.."./
~f(~,;bJt~:..~Lj'jlz;JvfolJ~.tG".I?b".:,.flzVl
~I (- ~L ~J}.I" ,jPL J ~J;~..:.-!:?J ~(>.v! (-L ~
tp,{l:);Vf;J,j~b"~~J~~jfj~Jif.Lv!_'7-~J/..:.c~
LI,L i~ _?~ ":"Ij~''P,.tG"~v~Lv..(fJ~
y • r ' , J'iJJ!.;Jji
J!LJ'i'vlArtv£,jr,Jv!;I.tlR~P!tJ.v~J":"l~'.::.-t~
JJI},~j?,Jz.;-yV'v!~A L vt~ ';-'~d'?.hS.l~f~r
..:.-;~JrJ~1~l:)'JVLb.lt"...J)tJ/'J_p.,u.t f-.1i?Lf..:.c".1
 76

...J,~J i~v! Jv...;..iJ:;r if-.l'; jI.I-I~ (c,I'.I,'~.tIi_(J'i,J

-f-.lJ'!G"~{~i'/.'L...J,v''£L~"t!Yl''/~
,l/Lc,lt:i';-fj;u...{lv!JJ).-,j6"tf,-oJftt,;Ii?Lv!
~ v!, 1948?.t;joJL.rJ'/,_~2_Lop;~,J.4c,1li(;Vf.l
(J'J'--de2_Lo)Y.J.?-,.f?ILYl~.lvL'£-.l~~j;'
~rL ~.tli_( f- .::..-".lJJ1~..:..~:,_(~~L ~,;,- ~iv!~ "':"'
if·,
~v!g L/V!~l.S/-_(li~LjLJ'i Lf..:.&..:..~~..J,...{lL
~.tlif~~c,lG"(;L ~r.I.i;_Jt:-J!J//'JJ~AVv!..J,V'
-0(i~J;uJ'LJ'iJ!.~~L
-v! ..:..L'».I~,Jv-c,lt:i'~-fi,J~~c,lG"(;_( v!~~"':'"'"
~~J'd-17J)11t'.lf~;:JtPc,I'iL.I;#-'jlj_('(.'{i;;v'V-j~
. P!;.::.,~~,..:..t~-v!
f-.lfJLh.lJ.lIn/.!L~'~~'.I,'L~.lt"
Ji?v!(.)~'.lJ'(.)"';')'".I,'(.))~f~(..V{~.lt"_(7.1J~-7..:..~J
_c:c:~~
J'it:~";,, jiytJtPLJ'iLlP('Vj~'2_L, };,!~~ jlj
L";,, ii'J1u.1Ld,ryt
}i.l"7V-...JUvL~i.0"(:,~(·V/"v'i~
-J£Yl,;cf'J!lJfJ'if.I~L 'vj'~,(b.lt"{'f';-f
 77

.I"'f-Jf~v!J/~rJJ,f-,J;~.:;;AI.LJ#.I.)~L~t:f~
~.I"
, (j.:;;~iJ ,. Jf~v!'-.l,,fL,jJJ J'!(),J_'.
. I.)ii?e~(j.l1P
/.:;;AtI.,; (i_~~ v: UV ((.j(.LfV- !:h.f' L..£I.) } 1).::/ ~'-.l1n
(.:;;~Jl.)r-,i~ f "£I.)l(-ev.t;£.I.;;..f',~ (;',Pi,;v.ti-If
- vi..JI.lJIJ'!
jJ ,Pr.(V.l,'J~,.....~? v.tt!y;,~~,J'Jt::!: '"":"'v- ~t:f'~
~J/J~'eJ _c~;JILv.tzC SepratistkJ',Lfr?'i~"
~"f 'f-(",..t{;,{ -:v-'-A L,Pr.(Vev.t ~'-J.I')/~JJ
~'L_C~;JIj_J:~~?Jr.-,I)~J}J~'.I"4../oJ;.:.it'
--i 1;,-/-,.1" L .)!~t:f'(.r'f- ~",:,,?'?-:~ rPt.tG\"J!,i-&'
L,Pr.(v L.I~~'I):cjj~L .'f- k~L/1.1
I.)J'Pi.:;;~-:..fJJIP.....
-!~v!'-A
((~'f;£JviJ-:v!'-AL,Pr.tv.l,'J~,J,JfT-':;;/-
_g_,./'-'Jt~,,~~4:.J~'f1!~~,~J~'e!,yf~J~'el)l
 78

:L(L~.,fI-~lf
, -
j(;..oy' v~ ( J1 t../.
j(;..o , jtJ '-/ ~j
v- J,._j. ..
'--t
/
~,;.;
,
t../. JJ LL, ~.J ;,-y; -
-rL(~(LIIr'.lL~.,fI~~(,,:,(J. ;J,~J'J~It../.J:::h/1
~J./ ~Y,
u:.1_~
J'~ iJ'...£t,./_~ LI/I~';';L Jf
, ,/.

J'J~I:,c,rf'-r.J~J.I~(~lf.2...LLtJ(ljl(o..foJ.J"OJ.I
.lJI(tJrlfi?OJ~(J.J'~I_ri;o}~.:-(..lJlri;....fi(~
_~.II/I/..::.:;?>
, Y
J'vl
;~j(J.t;oh--~IL ~.,fI'r";Lh?iJ.;J, ~J' ~.f(;
Lfo?~t!.t(_1) V~ <.1-/( v:1~~
iL)~IJ-=--.IlP! (""
if.y_I)V~Jt../. ;1:tIL t!.t(? J'-=--AvJ'~r;;:.-IV;L~.f(;
~'-y. ~ ",:"""LJl?I~~~l>.f I)L(~.; .I}L J# L ,~t
ui(tJ~)",{I~-=--~J~J'~JJ~.IJI-=--.IlP!t.f~I>.~)J'J~If-~
~J~f?J'~I.;'vL~JJ~-r(tJ:;f~~(~~~~)if.e:..
'.I{(C)~~~ ~-/o~ .lrt.fJ~~~'A.I,'I
~(p ~rt.f

.f/.(/"tJt../.'-AL(I}I~.I"~IJ,~~'vL-=--~£e;1r
-r~.J!J:((
/~t:J1..£}JI4-!lvL~t:J1~~'-.Ilnf r:'-=--~JtV"";I
 79

LlpLrJ!,J::hJI-~~.",~i£.),;J!JY",Jk--'-.I{Lvl
)r. ~,f-L lyJ,J! .!::!\fl..JvlP_L('ikG"),'J~I,~/.e:.~),f-
r.:r,:)/f .J:jA
jf tf.-'f- (./~ jf 1.1Ipl}.tj.:;,f.-fI'- J! r,:)L.e:.
< J- L:)il)r,:)iG"L}.-",?L ~)lI. Djf'f-~ r,:)~-fI J'f.J:jAjfj
/.. • . .. - 1*

(d.' IJ)lP!v1I{)~vl)jl~;ftjLv';ld.' j(~)lP!,.e:.-fI'-

;_~dl;!l.5/j)J'f.J:jA jij~'f-
~.I"e:. '~J?"DJf t-~~J!J'(;
'~.ril~j~ J! 2...dltlviJ! J.,-/-J1,~flJ~LU';I{i~
_hlPGfl;1ILf.J:jAjfj)jl_(Ujfvi~t/,-~J'j~J-~
(;I.2>~
'~)?"Uh/1.pL C)1.ljl U';I~ '- L/
~.fJ}.( ;1.2>~L
(JvU))Ij;{~J'vl,lJvij'I.5)~IJ~f'f-fiU;_z:C.riJI)J!
d!,..Vi('i..tG")jIJ~LL 'f-.1Lto# (uw?t.:!"'.I. r.IJJ~IDj
'::'- jG-!" J'4.-1lv L r,:)t:f~~ jG-! J'r,:)12... vI .e: j~.f .J:jA
jf j.Js:
)jl D)t-J'~)lP!~lfL./;I.t,p/~jG-!vl()jl J~jG-!1.5
}.D)V'-
_~...( vi~~I.5)~J/J-'-AL~~J'uY"'~
J-"PakistanorPartitionofIndial\_~~~IL.f.J:jAjfj
J'~;-~)~)if.'f-'~L?j~"~~)olJ../(f'f-I.J'..JLJ
V-.Iljl':;-Il.rLtf 'f-~J)_'f- ~L? ,~...fIl.rLt'P4((.)Lok--
,f-J../( ~''f-;~ .,:../k--)jl}()')] J../(.Ijl'f- )..6/.)jl'((;"
J- J../(_(jf. ,f-I.ri-f~ viL 1,- jL?;J' ~~I}J' vjj~
(~~~~''f-(}PI''-:'''''I.ri~~vL(L{JIi.ltv~UJ;I~)jl('i..tG"
L(;lj~(;I.2>~<~r.:~~~vLUjj~)}LJ../(f v.r~~_"
 80

-jj hr;;I.;:,.Iy1J"':"1s JI~.1~.1L ""t:! ~,.;I?!:-(.;:" Lio! -J u;

1.1jLcJ~:r~LJ/~I..t? .;:,~t:!_~()iL..11£ J"-j,lr (r;I~
~ ,.....,.((;I,~IfI"':"1;'~ f ....Ef.)~,(;,~.I,,(;,/II):ft.fC)JJw,~
~~T-t'Ir~~{'vilJ.-'"r,j'(".l1'J.,:..I"k--u:;,v!~~~)i_LIr
fJ~I{,. ~I J "Ctl.l(l/r~I.lrl/~o:::... ~ L vr.~o.t '(
,Pi Ji(;Icf'.(;:f T-~JIY'v~_I.llP!II.;:,~.ArU:;' L v'J,Pi L
L/.,,~h_;~'..iL--LvP):.I"vw?J;:""v!'-;'JL"':"1;'
..thJL ;/...{./ .,.;:,LiWLO'/A.I".;:,A;~;'P
/ I .• ..iL--L C)t:JL
" .I",",,.;~
jiJI J V,~I J C)I"'~ L ';:'J~uk--.I,IJJi.5.1Vlv! ~t,./Ij;" '(
"S.tiJ~JU;'.I"Uk--,J..lt'(.J(;.I,'Jr.t,./;
~_T-...JI,((.$V,_f.r:. hr.r:il.;:"Lio!J(;I/II):-J1JiL (;Icf'4
~;):((;I'Pi~_j'V~t{-,;:,'Lio!JI'L ;~L--{'~/o'L~,r;Pi
-JJ1.;:,,~-J1JiL(;Icf'.(J.Y.,~Lt,./I~_~vdJ"~L;
J?I..r'.lo:::...l~t:!I{thV,{'.;:,}J1Jil~I-J/V-I.l1IJ(;I/II):
1'& -r: P. 1'&" Vk'"....JY'1
L ....JY'I_I./.!'
'r r 1....JY'I~
1'& " • ,f ~ ,?,
,PiJ?d.I.)J1VIvv{'/U
r
~/.:::;,u,J(;1/11): .:::;"t,./I.I'I V~v! J/,J;,L ":'-.llP! v!.I,J
(;1/11):
/II):L(;lcf'4~('-/.Ifl:f..;:,}(.$;lpL(;I'PiD,f~cC'fl(f
/II):VI,? (v! ';:'.IlP!f: -.t'_ ~J vdL L?(~{' <:t ;/J ';:'.IlP!J(;I
O'Y.tfl--0~_1!.{
eJVv!v}JJw,-/,jL ~J.I"(v!';:'.IlP!VI)I~ r;I
_cC'ft.f~I.t~{,.)J!o'd.T-';:'J~J..It'.I"
.::"P?{J()i?{J~,JC)I.I"IJ1J'IvC)I,;I?lj~L(;I/II):
 81

tLi.lt;jl/(ILU,fI,{~liA;-Jt/;I.t~v1r2...Lur/.,,fJ',Jl;
(1tJ!)~L'( ..!/('LuJj~,,?;'_.It;,IJ~t(/-''''''.It;,,~,f-
~'f-(/,-:Stft,j.t~S;I?tJ!~I.II.I"'f-c:C,-:v./~I.IIS
1.I1''f-J?~tf.l?,(JJL (;I~/. tJ! L; Ub-'I1.1',fS (/,2... L (I
Lt!pJ_Ll.llh~~I.IItJ!D.lt;S(;lj~'f-(~\..I.:·Lful?f2...
-,fSvi(/,vUb-'I~t;,,~2...
.Ijl'f-/.I/.L LYI~r.f'J(UiiL.::.-~.::.-uLuJ,~tJ!u)l)--'"
-u.tvi'~Ji'~J?.Ijl~"U /.~/.tJ!(;I'~_'f-JJlo,'f-?
YlI~~/./L.lJ?.Ijl.lJ?uLt..LJ'/.~f'f-~..Jl,.?tJ!.::.-AI.l.;t
hJlyl jl;j.l JU)l)1 (Uii~ (.::.-u'j L'-: L£J~ .I~II.II_'f- c:C
~V-~JiL u r/.
~ IJ'JlP- ~'f- (Uii til[tf,,,J~ J'y J~"
,f- vi JJl__51' j (Uii= (uk. ..;wf u.t = u-L I.I'-UJ'-JJ'JJIJ/JJ 1)~
_.c....IYlJJl/
,T
iJbl(1.1'
.I}U.l~rj iJbl""~.Ijl.c....IYlJJl...f"",JI;JYlJ
....,

Luk.-?.IJL U,fl,f- JtJ;-(u Yo 2...LJlf:Juw?L U.t(

c:CYlvitfl.lid..j/I=-r..fvitfJ;;J~,f.V-'-AL.dj.uS(Uii
~L u,f1_L UYIvio( r~.:;;;?O.l/;,,f JC) I:- V-'::'-AF. lIu.t tr
cJi/2...I"lP>~cJi/L~Lv";I~,,fYitYG-t.fj,fYiJ'~vi;}.;:.,~
LUk.-?.IJOjfJYlvi~ji~tf/~/.t!tJ!6.1t;SJv.lv;JChJ)l;.-
II,) ~/.-c.Oj.ljl'f-j rtJ!/.~t,j~JI.II_t;h(;; r/.::..;:?",JIJ(Uii
JI,)Jj~_(?,_~~.t1(L~LJJ1)~~IL.:1L)C)I:-~..4(.::.-Al.lI
.Ijlt]C)V J u r/. a: V)~ '::'-~jl,/. tJ!.::.-Y-?'I.I#(V
 82

;tJ",'i..""i:..;'{Ld7f._;)"'#t,:),c-~J?....fI0'J..J/
J/J).JJ'J~ ":"'.J~l.!c-~ ../ ji,,:",,'c?-_li
(t,:)~' (LJ1.J~rL
s;f- cfc- L'?""c?-f- _V- u_';~L tJHrfw/Yi,..?;V- UiV
-f-J":""crk.....fIJf-,~J..:,...J~l.!
;J/ 30J)~rJ/.JtJ;J).JJ'tJJ.J);V-":"'.J~J.IJvL,-;'..t'....fI
L)..6Oz...J'..J~LuHt,:)'Jvfiv..J/JJ}L":"'.J~.JJ'~,.(';~ ,
J~ ,-..:,..fj ()-'.r.: 1,,1" ":"'~'J t,:)'.JJ'
u.r '-11 ...!..-.J{.J
r: '1& I. . ,II" .."".. r". ,....;
":"'~'J.QHJ~'

. -
-V1LJ1.!;.,,)
.JJ''-/''/ do..:/J.l&J .,:..7~..J~LJ'{~ V--'02j,~p.u..t(
~Ju""G~L-'02j,~p.v.M,j'~--?JJ.,:..7~",'..:,..;J'k.'Jc.Jf
y J2J .,:..7'~JG'
v.MJ'!~JuJJ~L..:,..fjJ"J)~.JJ'uyr./. ~~I , jiJ'! y

""-"V~l;.-{.J}LJvLJ'{~£ 1978V-":"'.J~-JrvfU')ii1'
c-L~!{uji4'/J:fJJj!~....fIL..:/fJ Jl.:1h,CyJv
~ • I'
V- ~",'_i:.. "::.J~t;JL ":"'.J~.:£jJ "', J~'J JA(. J'-~) '_)J.J
V--'02j'~P.LYiL/":",,UJ~"'tJr'LJ;iJ7-~";-r,j'LtJJ(,
L)ji4'LtJJ('~~J~t;JJJVJ)c?-J..:/~~~JJ'{~
~ V--'02j,~p.f i..---?JJ",,-~)/Cb1'..J~~':-)'~J(-'02j,~p./
Jj(..:,..4'(/-';))L":"'.J~.JJ,t}0'.JJ1Jj(J'Jv'~..J~LJ'{
_i:..2;_~t/~_"#.JJ'_/.:
Y I •
~'V-
•

":"'.1~ if".J)v.M
- ,. h ?r:., r
V1L/ ~/;,? .IJ'L.IJv L t,:)t:JL... J

c- ":"'.J~~')..:Yh--.JJ'
J:.7.?'-.JItz~ Lvfr}vJf£ V-'-.J~ L
 83

J;"".IJ L (j/1., u: ~ L ':'-.IlP!,J:.M s:'f- cff L.;:' v.r 'f-.1fj,LY

-u:1(',jJ(.:.-L}v
Lh?" (jJ'; iJ.:.-AP! i.).~ jf;Jl~L..i iL .:.-AP!
~ 'W~;':CUy4/.f~Jf)i~ "~f,/v(jilb/."('~ iflil{L~
~ v.r .I~JU1 vJ(,/.:.-.IlP!2_ LZ fJ(/.:;.,;.P"Jc- ?'v'-v.r t:C.
-'f-V...tfJ(u:JJI(__;;lr-J(.:)J.I~/~P'"V',.Jf(.:)VI.l1n
 85

('~?IJ'--&lJtJ...t~jij
V-..:.-I.lI?I,j;'.I~cJ~;t'--&I
L((~~--&lL~~J~;P-"jijVI.lJ~~_!J,/~~.I'ffy;t~
vII' '_ d 1P7,..:.-t ~ jJZ "':',.;.. a: rt(v" licJIy (V-:''f- V-"':'I?
'VlS,j,J ~~I£V-cJ;V,;-ILJ...t~jij.f'f-.I"£J'~rP~
L~~.I"~~kj~.J.'Vl j./JS~~vIL~~~ ...f!..J/.;I.
Vl,;-IL J...t~ji~v.r ..JJ,/LJI;fv- ~~S(}
LtI.l"cJ;V
vilfVlSu~~Y~I£.I"f-'hJjlfoJV~l!I(~';V-U?t;.,
Lvl_:yI,j';.I".I?IJ';'f-t..IPi.;?'{-JYlI,jt'f'.)x..:.f.tf;l_t~
(":'-~.I~S~~J...£lr"f9 if.J) l;;:'{~~l/t~I~)I.'~
hJ",:,II.
:~... ,-Ll_,,...,r_,,-,,,.
+ . ~

.
,. •• -_ ;_

VI_v.r 'f-.lJla:.fL ~..Izji s:u:1--&11 Q.It't.".J~V-..:.-A.'(' -1

D,u.L,J;'~V-if.fc.. , J;j..lzji';I.lI,j)..J/V-~~l~L
~, ~

;;~u:1t.f~L.I,)c-dv/~cJI?;.f..lzjiiC-~-vd£
''_c..L.I
, ,

"
 86

v~...fiOJ'-'r-f t.l{.I}L ~ J.lt"...fi~1Jv-(('i.tli" -2

- u.!' tL J~ .:.- V~",:",'
L ",:",' .e:.I'J'~J.:.- V~.IJ'''::;J,J?L
J.:.- ~J'':'- 2._ L
V~L ZC-l:)'-u.!'?L -u.!' J~
. .. , -
(.YiJfJrJ?L......>.fLUJ1J;Ir~JU'.Ib1,.IJ,.:.-VL.>,...._.:::....:.-.IJ?
,(Lf0.l.l/>....fio;Ir~.:.-.IA_(J1v.!v..~J:~~J,

~ j..f?:.:.-~.IJ''f-,f(J.;'{;J;o.lpJt..? ~J.....c~...fUIf.
: ...jyPyf, t"J1~~''f-lJ'n'i v..r-~L l:)t:f'~(g .IJ'I.:)t:f'~
C-~L~Ji)ddLJJJJPib.lt"Jl:)t:f'~~jf~JL)if-.,::..>W.J
_)....f1.:)t:f'~(g)LC-;~rLl)vv..y:.f£:i.lYl/-L'f~
.Ikl'Pi(VL.lJJtJ'fJ1!!:~fli~.I-:=1.1J(u,JJPi~ v..~/.~
JPi ';-'I.:)~fLf~~Ji):V-e:. ~ ':;"'--JJd.Jf.l;;,lu.hY
J(t(.:.-l.!.:.-,a[.JJ'UJ1J)(j1/e:.LJ1J'JUiv..Uy'LuKJ{
f,1z:J?;LlJ1ILIILJPiiffLf~l:)~:~:~f~'v.!I.:)~
(W~L ~.. . , (l:)~~
lIf~ t"!I'.I/'~ .J?C-"PiOJili t"~J(..iL .

.I"I J.I~uh--lJ' JU)~ ~'.IJ J../( J{/):,f ~J!h[;.IY

l:)t:f'~~ fli( g (~oL...fi 2... L U)~ ~'~I)J~ (J../(
JJJ'Pir-U;o'iv.:.IJifv.:;;lf-'c-Ar-~(l:)t:f'~~ji.lYL
... .
fL~L};~,c-~)~ v..Jv,J(....L
. -.
JV....JJ ~.t ..L U;-'o..v" ri~JL)"::">W.,J uiL.l:)'...jyPy
- Ji
 87

C- LYI o~ V-(fi.l J d lP7~~ (;)1~ JJ C)~;~ .IJIJ L IrYI,.f

rflPHr.lJIJLJC)~; J?~I,.#J...t~ }'IJJi_JLIr&,.f
J:1)./L ..:.-AP!V-,5'vVI.lJlv..J./(;) ~ C- '=- JI)£.... ,j',j~,.): J.I t'
YI~R.:z..L~J.lJI~y.p'"rL(;)~;,.f::iv..JJ'J-(.;,JJ,.f
,li~LS.l1r(;)~J.I~? L~(i, JJJ":'-.II11.P!T.ljLflPHr_f
_(Ylfl(' yLy:: iL IrJ1":;'> (.;,JC-.f,.J;;iL~ I,.#J...t~,.fJ '.I'
j~; VYi ,j'C- ":'-.IJ)'J..:.-l!b)L!'1ft .a?'vL JoJ{''i-'
l..b. ..::)Iv ~.a?'vL ..:.-Ap!f~, C(.("J" JJ1 rJj JIt,j_;.IJIV-fj'(jII
"

L ..:.-AP! (II L (;)~; Jj{;,.

L'f- V-JlPL (;)~; ~.IV- JI;Y..::)1v
tf v),j'1,jil}Vl i~f tJ'(.;J/.IJJ ~ ~ r ..:.-l!b).I1P}.a?'v
J..:.-l!LJL!Ic-..:.-Ap!f'f-JJJYl01!t,::;;c:ClrhJuil;"':'""'~t
rb.l~~I~YL(;)~;.IJI~ IrJ~~,.):~IrC)~;._(ir)~
L..:.-~I}J~I,.#J...t~""';/.IJI.....;/tfOJ.lJI~c-;!",:",~=
_J.Uv
,~jJ1t,jJ('}'.ld.l"o.t;_~ jJfJ1::L/r( ~,fLD.I~.I",fL
V-'-ALv'.l"~~J1V-~,.):~,'~'Lv'I,fL'i-'?
(;)l)I~L;/"~~LI»_J./v:!,y/JL;lvf-,t',;p}..:.-.I)p
rJJ./UzT'::"::JI/I...fiI\.))L,fLf.a?'vL(lJ-;I;; il;J:.Irr.:;J,1
.I1.t~L,fL 'i-,/J fi .I"(~ _C:C:lrviJJ~/,fLD.lt'.I",fL~o,.I"
.f.J.Il)'J~/,f,J V- ,fL.a?'v.a?'vL vl/_::r- f tJ'}"..:.-IoJIJ.I,t.:."
I)
,D.lI;J--.:r-j~~c- V-\.)y-~,Jl)Y }e.tJ,.fcKJ.'" C- (;)'.I"Li
 88

jfj~ft".I,,-J£c:C.11v1~7.~~{f~Jt..aiftU7.~Vf,;vL,liL
f~,;t~jlr£._/vvfJ.lt"~fJ}i..L,=-Jf.11J/,J;;j jfj~JI;f
:'.I'f::r-fj;~{cJf~..::.-~:,'v.r ¥lfdf...,,-L...J.c....../,Jt.!-c......J
-.11~J.UvL~b.lt"U.lV1f~~jfj
l: , .,
,J.YLv~....fI(i.tG'f~IrJ'JVYfVfLJ....r;~v.r L r;,
'f- ~.IIrl(.J,J;Wf~~l v.r t:,J..-t..::.- J'..::.-
V~",:",f.l,fe:...If,f~ V~.I,f":::;,
~.::.-J:J' JJ r1:/..;(-"L C)t:f'~((i.tG' ~ ,,::,-V~.I,f.l'JoJ?,,-f
.::.-J:J.lt"J'(i.tG' f;.tJ,v.rL J~_(~",:",f_'f-~~ J...J(~
_~~j~~}/;f
, ., / .

f~~fJ"::'-JV hf.zJ....fI/(i.tG"?,~~ ~ UflC)ftf.l

J!df...p -v.r Lf ~/ J'L~.J~ (~~'.IJJ L C)f~v.r LfJ;
s:
JIo,f If~ (J/J L;;fJ/ L (i.tG' ~l)f~ .r.v.r ~J (.)If/
e,ff~~Ji!u7.~v'J'(i.tG'~,e:..C)l)'.IfJ"::'-JV~j~,.1
(~J-v.r t[ J..-t..::.-
V~",:",f.l"e:...1"'~ J'..::.-
V~.I,'..:)"JYLv~...0
_f.11~~ ..::.-v~v~L.lJJv,d( .:;,PJ'if.''f- Lh.l(-"L;;'l)/
~~JMf..::.-PLU"-iJ' UJIA.I~fp.LL.11 ~.J(~~e,l/c.P-
,f~-? ~ l:)cJif.l'fJ~5~ J,jlf_~L i.5'/UYv..~...J/
.IfJfJ0~:Vlfc.P-~'f-~L~~L..::.-~'"..::.-tJ~L':::;"Vf~
J..-t..::.-tJ~~J')":,,,'fv.r L.fJ;JVY':'v)J'J....r;~ jl5":,,,'
L(;, r~ ~cJi'lf~ ::r-~t.11~;,~:iV(lP.I".::)ZYJ'J~5.1"v.rL
.I,f~Jr~J.J(J/~~J'..::.-V~.I,'~~L(-" ~U/'J~.I'J
 89

f- 1J.It,,;~ ,,:-,'
L ( }tJ) fJ,~l/iVl t;z'>.J....$I/-.,:.. tJ IP":-,,j,
J

"::;'"f~LDA'J,,:-,'..:.,.PS~~~_(
jj (U"-J.lftJ''''.I.tf.L-:-->~J...t~jI;v!j rL1.:),lV';-'
J/(~~{'v,.t;(v/,JDJ/':rf-l/ JiJJ=(d')?if~LJ'l L.I
J.IJf~t;.J=/-:-->~J...t~ jlJL.Yf L';tJJJ=':'f- viI:!
SU}~'.I,'J'}'Lv'Vv4~ r'~'.I"d'ft.{ ( J'£/'l/_(I::;... f
,,:-,'J~
fVl ;{={.;.IP.I,,(j'..IP'JJ.fiL:JJJDJ?,,-l/"f-&-rr
1('/'£/,ff-D,/b.lt") "JJL 1:f.,...J (~L~ r'~'.I"d')?,,:-,'
~JU,~"t?I.:)' ,;-' tf.~L ~~S,.{/'
/J'-=- v}~'..1"":"
-,~t.l~V(~JtLiJ.f):t'LJ,_;i,iS,y/SL.Yf/J'
y ~ • ,.," .

~1?'Lv't;r.lLf-jJ'~',;-ii~~J.Yf0',v-Jp.,:...i.l"D.t;.
(i;:G"-Vl JJ(fJr/..:.,.P SI:J.'if1L.,:..,,-S 1.:)'.I"JfviJ,,-,j/
~'.l1JJ'lv-':.f;!'V'i~iftJ";~1~.It".I"~L.Yf'~025f-f
;;~("~~'V-tJt(tL~,~~j.i":".I,)'S~W.JSvi~I.:)"v!
J ...t~Jj! ~w.,,J ,J.f~·Ji:B~' J/Jf= i li"~"v- "..z:,
'~":".I,)',JL~-.£Uj)DprJ...£Cv'd":"l~'-~l5.1J)'.:-f.
'T '. ,

G- ",:"",,(-.i'-.Ilnk,x{-=(rtJ..Iff-=DJ
f,,[ {I.tG".I'fV..I~
V-.I'J,-JLI.:)t;:.f~..[iff-J.I,)'t;;(j-=-.,:..~v'/~~'?}_~
~{L.I'f'.li,,:,,~,U.t(lilt,(j'~'L'~"l5}u.~,~fJ,~.:J
.I,,_livlf}(l5JIJ
, - . ,,/-'!jv-,- ?,J-f'J'
j,JJ'~Lr?''",J~~?

./f/f(,- ?,J'-/'JV'.IJ,e::..f-.I.1(i~G"jl7.;,JU)~ ~~l5/jJ

 90

_V-'::'-.I~Ju,u.,)/:Yiji),; i/-"/.f ~
JJ~_.i,'f;:f.lvi~'.:;_.::.-?v'if-J_C~.I"~D,/b.lt"
> .,

J,'::'-.J,?,f.;i_JYiJlh.Jr?Lv'.I,'7"'.J',- /,)j 1J~q..:;_.:;...7.J

~V,J.,v.i" J'j,);;;.
'-:'7.1P U,-,,'__;. ti,f{ .::.- Ld»~~ ji 7-
.I,'JYi/£jrq.J'p'.tG"~'lh.J~L~'.J"vil).--j?,~L...;J~
{.::.-?J',;J)VIJb.lt"Ji~~J_C~jf5~'Yi~.J'~(gr~~~
.::.-AP!"';}.,-,L (Yi ~l,?' r~'/ ~ ~f.f. iJJi.l" Jv',., jiv_hi
, - l' .. ..

f~r..J}l5/').I"~)b;liltlJ'.t(~(fvfJ~""Lu?,~LI'
, LJy.-,Jh--rJ'j.:.;0Ld )?~~.I'pf)4J_C~ jfj~~.1)'-.J~
Jv'r~.tG"P!L.::.-,...u!'J;'f ~ LfJ.JJJJ..v':,f,-),.)lY.il
-v.iJ~IJb
. \"

~J--0D",-)fJ",,')lvV'.l":,.fU)~ ,;-lD;~1Ji:
1~~~~lvl,-hl..i.?.J"7-t"ln:f.Dj~rut.f.}!.Llf-L,,-;~
_,-~~Jl?J~D'l~)D'~
T -
 91

~i(~,'J~,J'LLv,,(j1t)J£(v.r~~~ri;
''7- ~j.!~~SJ~~.!J~J'L~:.(Ll'vJ£-f-t'~~tII V-
,J~viJ\?Sv,2_L(Ijl~,~,jf;;Svl~~i2_LJI)I
o.t;J~ffi-v.rL~.:;../~r~,JJ'bi./t:-/v.. tfi i.ll'Jlui-:..f£
v' J~l:;' L~ ~ (f,.I~ ~ ~jL J'Luf -f-J~c1J}-:Sr' 'j,
SJ'LJiS(Ij;o.tK-P.'-f-J1.1{~~LrJifv.rJ~;f.L;)
.. ..
-~J~....;~sr.,};.I"...J)
,
.. .. ..
,_£tJ;L)'~'lVtJ1.1J?.I"t.f.,/JI..--,~tJ,IrLJ'Lilu
.,.
. rSif.,Vt...J1.1 J~L.jL~J'J.I" J';I/Vl.!t:-J
L'y-.%..!.-, ,.
-J~vi~,'LJ:c,r~;.;(,'j'lf::,'Ljl$d'j
J;~D.lt'~'''J~J~';h).t1J~D.lt'2_LuPdtt,(,jlU:I
-4A L~4-(J,-:,,}LwJ;k!t:I~.I,?,J,j~v..if.'~~j?
o,,~c:£.:;-)~j~.i~~~l5;~Lwv'hd-.::-A!IJyJ'J,jtJ}
J'l5~ ~~, LJ1~1. CtlPlj~?.I"-f-t'~~.!rP~y. (( 'jell.
 92

o~~eo"f-t'~o~J""v-? rLJtJ( jLt'h~Y~'Llf

. i (cJG7~ U"h r.l"':"~';J' ~~ , t'l.l,J..:YtJ.Ji,
2:~'::c \"

LS;~J'~~J/(D.lt'Lf~,v.r ?·.IJ?'Y>'~'o,.:::;}",j~v.r .
_(L~J?Y,?~uiro,i(L~
{./J,iL~':}o:/~~L'y L~;;(?f~c- ':"';~-'rJ,
cr ,. ~
'f-~) J~ V-':".IyPJ'(t L " ...t~ /i j v:; ,j..1 e- ?t;lv'V-
t;vi;;'()'/~rj..-6.Pvi..L ?~/dG7i.1-.9/(/&.I~L u#:
:l.t$ ~e,~~~b;J~j .
,~Lf~~?O'~'f-·&'~':"~"tJ'(.~~)'~)t'U~'-.I,Vf1) .
Lvr!tVu.:l:)c=--'~rL';JI..t.,iJj,~jli~f,;L~L'f .
l:)f,...t~(fiit.lD.lt'J'Wj)~/,';-f~U,~;~,~?{)J!j.4
(liJ'~tVLf,L rv-p..I'f~jjd..)'.~,:).';'LS;iJ/_1JJ'-r?4-
Lf~f;v- u1-.It'l:)f v.r-i'(V'~JS()'l:)fv-D.It'J'(t/'.:..~ p.
J('LS/,J-LfA;' (.:..j,,,:::;u,j~,.1 SU'~.I"v.rJf,-.I~' t.f! v.r
1

..;l)".I~V- v'.;..~
, V- ':".IdJ'.I~.I'fU;l)f'U;C=--fJ?~o,b.lt'
. . . ,
..
~)~..!.-fL .'(J-V;:L:L uHf b;";;I),/d~~).J. JJt~I/(j
. \'"

()'.I~{LfrP/cJG7Vf_"ff-j~~j~.I)VfV-~Vf v.r
J,' V-v'-f- t'~ifJvd 'f-oJ(LS~ S D.lt-v.rLJ1 vi
t'~L£)~.I'fv.rj~S,J1"j)L(Svtp.Lvf'·f-t'~if~(.:..~f'
······''v1kf-~~UVJ/.:;;.....Jf,v'.:..)L(ifff-
:v.r;f)?>'~uLYi;}_fj(f"'{LS/{jD.lt'SU';lro_tL~
 93

'JV~ .,:..tJh>·"'.J~I''':''VV~ Lc.Jlf'f-:'--::'(V'}LY•.tL~"

fil..t'itf(~lf'f-t'Irk'~J?'V.iP.J;VlviL"'f-t'Ir~J.J'l{":"~
L vIAji'f-Jir a\ ~/Vl~ JI~ -'f- t'Ir~.fr-='~.JJ.IiQJ
~Jllh.J.J"c.JIYk--L.ff1/~tJh>,.,:..t-~-LvlkL.f,,-:,,?~(t
~1Jv:r.''f-J't'.tG"v!e'~;~.Jr'U::-v.! L.f~IP~~';-1
.., J'.;)Iv}JJ__v.!'f-.J.fJ~i'i:._L ~~ ';-' ,;-,J}L 'l~~ ~.J,I
..:..~vl~.J'),~fhv.!L~}1'1J~J~,;-I~~tko~IVJ,J
'LlrtJJ:lvrijLJ/,r(j~~~I,~tfh.~~~f'f-J
-'f-ti)l:>x L j';L;,J.?,'f-JJ1.JIJI~J '::;'.JJI4...flJ. _(,[
JIf,2..vl,v.! ?-~LJ1~ .::.JLu~~L.::;,t.f.J~IJ~Vi
LJ1vtJ:lr::"vt.>LAjiLIPl,I'
.. . ., /iLJ'cfjLt-/:'~~~
~ - ..
':''f-v.!hpl'I.JJ~~}LY.J''
f 'f-'jI~It.f~-?'vl~j~4·tJ~ •.fpL ~t,., jf;v::'
/1-tJ.JLvitJ ..t (LJ1r..:.c.JJL~.;:.;; L~~v! (:kt-.J1a
-
.JUZ::·'vl'UI,;-t'~/Co.:..(.ji~t'i'~lil.Jjhrtl/
, ,,-Jj.;:.;;~f~ ,- .....
...JI'
t.fvitf'f-J'i.Jo,{I:,tJ.Jl(u;.,(J/.S.tlJ 1:)1.1: 'v.!JJ1,fJv.-
(LIY.JJIL~ ~.~ ~1-LIr..t'i~IP.:..;?,J.;:.;; t-x...fl v:. (i
v'.JI~!JL~.;.p,tJil~I:)I_'f-t'1rJ1L)'IP{ "=-JifiU~ A'.-!'J
-f-L)Jt-J~LIr 'btv..JLJ';.;:.;;L
ItIL u,(lf ~ v.!.::.:;}>.....Lf,?,L L v'~.J'ii / J;J - ~
., , _... - 7 .'/

~:J.t.fJ/v..D.Jt'L).J{Lt"'f-kJ.fJ;J;I';:';;fi~I~J'V'"
 94

(~~ t.fl.::.-::;~',J
U'i.Y JesusChristf~UJ?-.IvY;V~G..
l/J:o,LYi ~o1IrU~"'>'~'(~'(~~Lr'--r-t'1r~~
s;~ ¥r-'f-!~'(~'.It.fLYiLh_,;iv~~.I~,(if.''f- t'1r
,~~l)i~'~'f-~<;f.'":")'"~,V-j'_cr{f7.G..~'(~.AP'
~.I~,J~.AP,jL.-ifJ'(~.AP,Jf~_.::... (> V I.:.Il£V s:rJ:.il)i
2..l.--v:! , ." 'V" l
~f
LJ ~.7.1"A;'fUJ'; ;~'va-n ..41·....Jf..l'fL VfJri--?J,,'f-~.1V
~f_p.''f-~'Y-IjL.-i'?LYiLf~~'(u;:~G..cJP'JVi
'(uu;v:!.,,'li-?.I:,'(U'uu;-~ 'f-.Iy{ ~.It't.f~ ;rf'f-:'..:)~
~UYi~'.IL?v:!2-v"Yi~LJ-"u7.uu;,J~.It'(.UYi.l(JQ
.I,"J?"rf 'f- vY.:;;;?:,~-(u,;y( ~.t;~c(r vY~'J/.
'-..I:/_~ 'f-.IYv:!U.ti~~(L'.I,,~~~'t.f~;LrL H~"

.I",sJ-JIUi.lIJ;()Ji.;--va-
'f-.I.IL/uiL.-i'o.t;2-LU,.I'J)....wLYi
2-LL'Y-.I,%/~ViL.I'j)'v~A~~'f-.I..:;;~t}J-Iu{-(~
-V1'.. L.ti£.J~/.cJf'(l;Ju.li
• .. '7

V,,JtfLv.7.,J~fJL).I'fUP(f)OJ?Yv.:'iJo1Ir.l;!rJ, I

if.''f-'£'v.uiL)'v7.dLvlJ-.v~~'Lr?,JV}:v:!b.lt' .
'-.J.I-(.IJ-(L.::d"Pr L U,/t;..I"U,)uJ ~'U'.I~..;L)',J,eJ{
-'f-!.£'v.~G..~/cJlP7G..Ll,.v~/.I"~£.IlP>~
,~ .I"li.l'(..t!.t(f)LtfL J! lP>~ :,Iu{- ~'( t.f ~rJj
~u;'il.:.lL.-i"U.lfJ".IocJllu,J)d~'rAi'~ ;~Li'J(}~
vAJv:!g~ ~'::"'fiU:<:.::....:/..;;tjcJI,Jb.lt',,",.I,'<:Lu.ti.::....1
." ..,
 95

~,j.fJ'k--2...L(.)J{.~I~Iv!Vlj(J1~I.h~'?(.:.-IJ~L(I}I
-JJ!~~
~~.IJL(U.i'!')u."h"Ui./kul;.I,'ui./.I.t'LuilJ--j}
.;J?...p.'L~kJ'-).I1;;~LI'J';.I}(.).-tllr 1/
}(.)/,Jl/j<:IJ1",;.iJ:
1/_ jJ1",;.iI~,J uil)'.I'~".I.1"1J1
LJ1J?"..::J'fiu!(}fi jk.J
J~' L uiLV.I" ~~; L u? '1J1",;.ivV,Pit.5', tf.t (lilt
klP>~~u""lu~'-.IInJ?,~Lv"(.)J.I~~;~~~~I)(;,J.:.-IJ~
_~t'.Ij'UlhJ;tfd'(.).IIn~~"J.':1:,L.lI(,.J.tf.t(f~t'~
, y , •

?rd/I~~jL~~o:/~((I}I.J.!.?r~,J/.~J.;J~lvl
,jf ~.I(L.:.-ut,C;I'~fJ~U:j,vk--JPfJL r~I.--'-.I~.lJ1
?t.5'c-v,J:;lu~r';.I}LJ~-7-t'~I/J.;;;~/~.It';':
2...L~,J.t,I",;,.J"d.. ;J-j,J ~J(.)JY.(.J.IJvLvl'7- t'~klP>~;;
-7-v.izJI,J(t~V-Ll1L~C-~J~-IJ1(},-:,,?
u.6~..
• v
..fLJ1 Z.lV- -.LL~~V~;:_llui.CJ,J b.lt'->.
T·

vJ'J},J(}Jlil~V-;I.tIJ.ltJ(,Plo,j(L~'.It'IV-Ui1j("L
J!JlZl~'7-_;)JJ~--!v;_L...I-L ~:I~ ~lr ((.)';~.I"
";;'Ir,J(~(,}, (.::Ju,~ -&>'~_v.r 7-.I~~J(I{~~t.l(~
~u.\rJ".£'x.l"7- t'~O.l/G"c- L;fkJ!~ j'.IIJ1kJV-
lr ~/(}Pt.:.-j(.).-t'~j' Jr,L r~ L ~~(
"':('.1
'-4'......<:L.IlP>J
J~Lulf..tivL(}fi-'-'-J;y(tj'r/b.lt'rf7-,J/lvl.:.-.I,?
 96

L J"jJ""'-1LYL t;/,£,VJ J.t1J!u~.l£ u~"VJJ.t1ur.!-

J!J;)~""J~I' LlfJt.Jf;~.:::;,,~ tf-'-VJL.t1J!,-~,
tfL ':::;"fiA-J L~J'i ~}:J}~ ~J;~ !.;f'f-::rf cd!J) l;;'
r
t[J:J_L L)JJJ.-J~ tJ." J!~~ J I'Llf JZ lI( V-
r
jij V- )i1)"V% -f- JJ'i r.j! ~.vi' V- tfL J~J£"::rf
JLArLL;(J1 ... t,A·J... , -
l.!.!'Jp. L u,;,f .::-",,_.t,,(( J.....cl.---.
~dLI)"(C/\~L! ~~~.I, ,&Lf_d!,~(,f~''r-D'u-f.,Llf
, -
t:lb"t'Je~f'LU';'f.::-""i&:,J.'.::-J~/JL)J;2-~L
,
u,J!lb" t'J'tV,J:',J'Ctfo"....i!DJf.::-,;" LI)"V%j".::-L~~ L.t1
, .. , .. tt

J1,'r-£~ iJ?'y'_~!)2-irL~l:)'?i.a?~L_ffj;i",,~r,
-'r-t!)2-hl-.::)~~'~')Jb)(luiy'~~t",,~(;~
J(Pi.tG"L (if 'r-~~, ~)I),,{J!~ _ffj;iv,L l:)'~
2..~L r iL) t:~ ",;L Jlj)(; JvlP v~,;-' J!!~
I){_A,i;_z_~l:)VJ {_A.tG"f vi'r? L-'r- J~!JL) J;
,.;~ ur0:',.I.I,fi;_2C~rf,,,f}fJ/,i;_ ~ v~
t.f.Z), Jlu:
J!Lyo,~ff VJ?ft)..:%~:)(;JvlPV~';-f(iJ-,i;_
': Z_fi.tG"-,Jlf~_I/J!/
L ,. . u: j,,£..
7"~vi'(j/ i;_LL l:)f""e=..
J~,,~J!:J_L':'-fJlPUk--I'u:J;;;~fLU';ffe=..l:)LJf'-';;'f
_:£vi't-iJL
f VJ?!>'...{r J.....c~ jij L.t1LJ'Jh>,L;'?L.tG"
(~J(ttG""
...{rD,f'r-c:~/.:.?VfD''r-~_,}Uv,,;!J!Lif.
 97

f...fu~i:.,.u:1uz..z~je:.tJJrJ1j{J{,~"'jf ...fJ":;~J'AtV.'
~..:.?
, .... ··.._e:.Z£...u:1JI>(Ui
...(i,f~.. .. ..,.k.LUZ..zt.!-v! .. Lv{
e:_ ",

~~(C)f_(~e:.Lfu:1~hUj~"'jfU, ...tt~·;'U'...f/.IrtD,f
...,jf.tt; J.: f?hf)f(Vd.f e: "f ~~ ~ Jv?
C)fe:.L)';t/ ..:.fof
" y .. •

LUJ(fv!P~~} .../L/J1vJ::,>'DJvJ/v!JJLC)fi_L
.::J..~f~if() ...4vfV1~~jtf/.Irtt.!-t!v!~, ......
Ij;D,f~l[
_~C:C:JlJy',..,v!~j",y'~L~"'jf~DJL;
, .. T ,. , ..

C)fi.vf,e:.Lfu:1':;";fJ~~/J!.JifD,f~..:.?...(it.!-~
y, ....

Lh~flS' Jyt; yiLJ12;- ...v! ~ ...Lc,IIDJ,e:.Ji?J.h ...fL

.,:;pJ~f~~~~fl[if:.L...('A~L?~t;f~~-?,(f'-e:.
("fLUJ(fji,=:-JJ'.} .../',-.>.~L?~t;f~_Ir.{fIr.J..:J(,"'jf
Lf 1935 z: '.If,2;- r~... u:1JJ'.}...J(t Lf~D,f~l!f{ ...}..JI,.,
LfJ~f/-=--f.l~ft1f""frfl/(5JI-=--f...~fL~fLfJ.fv!~f
,..;t;(..::/;J~I,.,~t; jlj"'jff;ji/..::/;J~~J"",/L UJ(fLJ1
e:.t.!-JJ'.}...Io'_~JfJ'7~1.5;;-~/';/v!/J1VdL(ff_l/
D~"u!MjiL~H;;' .....t.!-Df~/L~f:'f ....vL~;v ...rJ""f
viI...,f~lP>~ ~ l5(tL C)fl.)!J:fhjf l.i kJf~j}t.f if'~~;
_V~J,,:,",UJ(~)~f
.tlrf2;- rti.fu:1v!.=.5.Jf,LJ1~J/;~ jI jJ~ I,.,jI jr
JC)f'~~"~ ~Ir.L)"i.l-/ eL C)f...,fL UJ(f~t;fr:.ru:1~li~L
DJ<'f-lPP'£?LC)~I,.,U)jJ~-'fj;)t!_'iJ1~L/Pyv!~
 .._, .

98

J'J!J/JJ"£.I~J~~yi""V"~~.J1t~v!..::.-'A;'J}'-.I1n
, y •

l;J'~'r~J;cJvlv,;tJ}"cJ'Lr{tJ'/;..J"'f-cC.~/~v'
cJt;f~.£iLrv!~.I~JlJcJt;f~-fil.;lt;0(I.;I'i'J',)~''f-·
..::.-~J~'(v,j'JAcJ'v!",:",UJ'i-'''''f-f;,vY'~/cJt;0(I:I-L
I..::.-~f'f-~p~,-'f-v1~yi,.,. A L( J4~v.t L.I~'vL
- .
~":"~.I'ILIr~,'thv!)~LjlP'''::'-~''LI.r.JL.I~
.,.,
_LIrLLj.li/..::.-L
... y ~JL;
V-l_
 99

,_bi.~Lj~
J(-r~u.
'/J1J)~xi(JJ.

J' P./) C)l;); ~.I,j;j(l L cll;)~~ ir.~ l.P J~~jI;

C)VJ~/U}tJ..-'"DJbJrI,f.::;_ C)l;)~?)/~.ItJ}JJ ('T-l;~'
... .. ..
,""J!c,i,_'?(J'.Yv''/J'~Vh~'~~;~()i.::;_Li);JI(v:.
,..
~ iA C)VJ~":"--~'/J~ij'C)l;); ":"--~,/~ JlP!f.f. '-Jv1-O
2.. (J',/J'-V1'~C)V.I"'p(~J1LiJ4u.tv:.J'~Y.v'c)~ULJ ,
-
udtr- .f,':;'-',/J1v.Jh..{"Lcfle',/j'-,/tr-LC)l;)~ f v.t ;£:1':;'
Ji'/JI-J!IJ.lJ{/U~~~r'/J,C)l;);l;)J'(D~J(Y/O~'-'_~;)
~4iLv;.lLJji,-f":""~4-'-4LC)ILl);oJ{.::;_dlPJ/
-'T-JI:>J~v:.A,J~)IJU~'-'/~-=8jJ' l;)V,-J! f
,/J/ lP>~ ~ r;//C)CJ: JJ, vi/.S.t; v:..::;_~ l.P J_c~jI;
(Ub,/J" ;t..:..r~ 2.. ,-/-oJLJV;':"?-=-'T-
.::;_C)I-v.t,/!?IJ"::"
~tr-1.i71if._IJ1VIP''/~,::;_.:.i"~~~V{ J~'/J"J1VIPiJ)
 100

{:..jLvtf~ , r"~~~f(/vf/b.lt-f(..).td::r.
~ l'
V--~("G'':;''/Vf
,

tfJ,.(,J'{ J(P, CfV/rf,J~t:f'~L

':;".1 PU,-=.-f.lujif.l.l,f.::.r..If,jj,

_7-1Lj~.I.Jf{:..~.J.-7-Jv?_;/..;J(")i.l~~tf ~ ~fJ
,.A-:f..;LLjUu,j.jiJLfJ1).""f,/~/(..)fl4.l~~jitl1Jf.l'f
~{j(")ij'fu.!jLLjktJ?Lj(;v2-L'-'lPxL(")ij~dfUf.l1
JJ(,-hl:Jf)f~ ('7- J-=.-~L~l.PJ_C~ jijJ L'f/if.
-~J1",:",~(v-Lf
L ~t:f'~f 7-J.lff.:;..(..)'?j'fu)~4·(;)f~,tr.: .
{:..j.:;..~
_;~LJ(P'=-ftf~~._,
\' .,,,, r.r~~
r'6j,,-~lffJY(~L._,
,.. " j....f
f~(-=.-jj ~fj'f,v."Lj..;eji.:;..~~ j'f2::t;~fAAP;;u.!;£
-v:.hJJ
",:",~_;/-=.-~)i-t-hJv}..~t;~t-,.P~vf/(f ~,/.
'~'fJ(I)i~~jJL~l.PJ_C~jij",:",~j'f~l.PJ~yjij
Jf_OL'':J,-x''4':Y-:.''fj~'V-vff-:( f_t]z.lUj'f{tuJ
- .
f~.;:,.(.tjJ'(Lf'bj_vr~jj.:;..Uy~&,?v-....t.vf,jl>--~J1J~
, ~
- lfL,_;:i':;",/.j,
.. , uJ1vyl

.:;..?fk.~ r.r7-J.lffd'f_;/.:;..~l.P<-:.''fj~jiU/w
if";"' t,v."'f j; ~jiv-, 20042- L f.JP7-c:C 'f V'viJ.;.(v--=.-fjldJ
-v." 'f j;~ji.:;..L~L.(f;IfLv:.JV') ji.:.!j,I-=.-;th~;1.1.t~;'J
l(..)i'jJ.~J~f-:v--JfI)iJ}'u.! ~ V') jif,f-=.-;tJdf";"'j
o'-7-vi-=.-fjJ~l.P<-:.''f.l~~t;Jf;U/w(..)J1~.I,..()£~v
 101

- v1(IjlqG*~l(2.;.,- /-
yl1.J,,(i.fG*"eJlP! tJ,.JL IQ-02-2004:ht'"
v! .;:"L.li .....
j, 1.11~ J'eJ,;v'( ~ l,.?<.e'Ir.J~~ eJlYL'ti(.;., J' J ~~
.fv!if._~LLj.J~ILv';I?~/
~''--. ,.. .. - ~1.tlvLJ~~LL~
../:1 ..

v!JI.tI;f,.;:;Jif.-v1 LJ1J~Ij;wIL J_C~~,'..J~.Y'

......(~Lj..$>1J,_u.r LfC'/eJ,;v
jJ'.J~ l.:),;voJt-wfI
.,:..I.J~I '('~,JIJ"wflJt J _c~ylf'
.. ,/.

".....tJ,~.Y''(a~
or
.J,IIJ1e~v!
Jf,l,;/lo,fv..J'-J.JljJJtJ~v.iI",:;,iff-JlfJI...J/tJ/-
jJ~1jIf-:::"'lvtJ1v.l'(jI/._,ij~tJ~eJlJ'eJl~?IJ.J"4)J
.- f-.J I., \' -
k.JPIJv!,-/1r'-.J~-vJ1~.Jf2...L"=,, iv!f~~v..f.:;..:.;:;:/
~ I~';",:""" ~-f- ~tlr~,'~/~ L~, jtJJ,J.i.,:..:/J!,f.!,1,;/1
JIrJ1vfj.,:.. :/J'I.:);J!o.?-LIr~f~l)ieJL)I(~l,.?J_C~ yin
'-v..Jj~f~L)';~
,;")Jjp(I';,V: L,;",:;, .,:..;'.JJ.,:..~J'I.:)I",:;,
'-f-
vl!1vI; ~,?Ji t~ .:-(.~.,:..-"~ If JI tJ/- f f- ( £:..-~
",:",1>. (_r;l,;/lvl(..f(Lir kl~I"yJ!.6 v! J,,;V'.J,'!'-.J:!
<.e'Ir.J~"':"'I>.v!;:f-J,w.V'tJ/-f-~.JJ1£
~f~~l,.?J_C~,
'-.JL-?,~J~4('v!JljJ'v"¥-f(v,f.,:..;'I}.JJJI~~l,.?
 102

L.t1;r.Lr ~~ ..fI-'f-viC-.7£v!?C)L.h).t1J;/vktt.f~
.
-v.!.. LIv.t1J'.J..:.-t~IL
C)t:J1L -.fIJi,'f- J,r.1 i"f, ; ji j i'f- Jly (,j,f,/-i Jvlf;
L ~~< ~'Ir.J'"f .Jlr-LC)'-'f-~t;-"f t;-"L,-/'Jif- ~~
~~~_~vi£Lv';I{i!_I,,-~z...If_J.t1J.t1JJ~;t?t-[J~
_efrlcfl;7J..Jt'~t.t1J..A(2...LJu....:.-I.Jvil.J~.::_Of.(jC-'?
.1,1_ v.r (j.J111 ~ (jl,{ t..t!J,J{fJJ,.::..!~ C)t;.-,k
.J.z;,. ~ C-r
~Jf~I LOC f'f- V.t1"P (/-v.r .J~{Lf;; ~r.J }
vij~r-'f-~.Jfd/.J.t11Jv!J;(~If.,~I';'(-:-,If.,J;-'LIr
~~<~'Ir.J'1~~J~Pjiji-v.rU'.J.t1r.J;t,J J~I'_~
L"LfJ.UvLv;';,J(}~=,f~--?'ol..J/,~v.1r(JIL
-v.rL;,JIII{fL;i{vH....Jj;4r='f_v.rJ}~~.Jv
._;u:
. J!.. Iv.c/. J'.J~ ..:.-AII! .1,1C)~rL_->." . J'f.::_~~.J"
,
jiU'r-:-'l>.fLv.t1'f-.J'-JC)~fg:;Lr~~_hJJIvLc-'?ol
-j',f.;lrzt,;/..;2...LvILv?~
J...£~;tin ..J~y"Ji ,v.r ;£L.t1L/.ftv! r( 0'
;;;J,JL{fJJJkt'i.Jt·,JC)~~-[if"?rJLj"f.:;.>~,='(~~
"
'-IV"''=-'jJ..'-~ L,
......
~
.
f_' ~

~'0),J'-~I)L'JI/''';''rJ'y='f(v,fJ/L},{v'iv!
-:-',?~~.::.cl(jiJ{{L5'~~~..J;-=c'{-:-'I>.v!Jj(J.{
~1.J;:;j:.. lf-L...y~ ~J~'Lf:f..Ji;i(C);J'C-r.fL(LIrJ
 103

·CJt:f';~~"'r"'"":"T-t"iJL.(J:iD)~j~(~~J_Cr-jln
if-;J_L~~~J'~~J~~}'Ij;;J';,~.I"( },..J,._;fj
_ILV.J'L.I~IP~~Jyt;J'~;f(.)J1~I?-t./..f_c-u.l'?
" . ,
1(.)~A_JIv-L_I.I,'U:-"'_
I 7
I...,)_,-~;1(.)£t./..II
·41 -
;;~t. ...?f~
" .
{t:;L~,;eiU'/~~J_tr-}'Ij~flil:1fv:1t./..)~JcJV'
_L!_~J.lJJI_
T· y"
12:....1/., .I)'LLe.i,-.....
/.
,JJI-
"~I."; ."1"
i_'/~I(.)lf.~~ <~'Ir.lP ,..JT-~I?.lJ~..t..I~jr
II • "

v.rf-.l.lJJ'~~U'~It./..~;VlflU~'_v.r LLj.lyiju.l,?IJ';,~
_liJ~tlh/~ r~!lij~(~J'(j'.l"
.11,0,; Ji'v-L~~,~ (I' L (jt:f'~Jjc- r......"v1 LLj _ 1
" .."
Ir~Ju:ilj~b-'tif-~),j/J't'}V';;v.rft.lt,.';.I'J~(~~
" .....ce:
c-?J/t./..¥tv.';'/~~J'_tr- }'Ijff- ~..vl~ ~'Ufo
LJ! 1r~~~eJff-~;6;;JJlI~/--¥~J'~,Jj(;;'~f-v1
~ Ji.,JijiJ't;-fi ~ ",",JL~;J'~t:f';_f-~;;JI((jJ~,
.I~(u,1J~2.I/t~,'uJ~J',L 1~'v-h,~/~L"v!JI/
- .,. . y

_(.)J1.1{:;,I;'(J~;;J1~J~J/~jJtt./..(j~J'(j'~tf.Jj_c-
,
t"j,JJ1J;·C-J?Y-~.I""J:"";;'?.I.t'L(j'f((.)£,?~'
, 'I' • •

_;;LJLj~'(.::/
 105·

_T-~t:.;~/J-CyoY,jLv.~'Ir.l~*;'.I£
-~:,IA~JiLJ7.::.-I,rP'.r.Li.lY .
-IA_,
~.I~':- r, _ b.ll:'i.lYt,)! C)~,p."
);iLL;Z;,f v.i....{l/
,J;;i:,-v.i;;eJ~Lt};,p.v.if.fT-Ji;Z;';'.I"jj..J/v!C)~~
;YLJ'r'{v"'_T-~.I.f.Yv!MfIrL.I'J.:-JIP/~C)'.r.;Ji
,":"~'.I,,JlJJ'V_,J,y jiT-t"()'J'7'.lr~~ ,,~J/~.f~b1'.:-
.I"JlJJ'V_,J'YL_.>l,..J;.,It;,j~:'t::....1I:'fli,j;'.r.IJ'
....... , f { "!f',=-,.:-u.J'
r.,
Lt{ b:" ji:,_~JJf c,,;J,IJ'r!J:"Y..J lJPL-CyoIi j~L ,":"y-'
~, cC It;,. ..1.J(.S'v! /b:'L t',;I:'V.l1 y.,J'cfLo:/1,p (if.~ ~";Y ~j".ti
u:
I;)IJ,JL..!.-~ ~ '.I..J1,r Y'_; ~.i;tJ..::"f~ IrJ~..::.?:'/ J7ft"
.I"~T-.l'/(.S'~V::.::.-l.Llr~!,t'i';-l..~v:;,p.~J-'LC)~,,h
-~'.tiv.i"h'
""",,';'.I,,jjJ4J~J~)V.l,t..(IiYC)~.IJLv;~
fL':-f 1800~J'J';.I".::.-jC)k-".lJL").I"Jp..I"v;~'VJ,,h
. " .. , ..
vt/{C)~'P.-J'Jt:L":':::Ylr-J~}~j;vt/{C)~'P...£1867
 106

_c~Y,jl,)!'-AL~}.JY"L~t:--,~_jJI4L.:.;::'./v j1J~i;
1,)!(;)~'~j"~)~4.,_(/'ff-~'./:..¥:,fu/.~/J7L'.J,f
;';::;~'.J?IJ.J,'i.JY"L~)(;)'-t..af-.JJ'.:.....J,J;;i~/~.J~i.JY"
_'Ve!rrL1'~/_ or
~'(,.J../'(l(ff-~..J),f~l"Y,JJ!y.=i?LU,f'
1J,f,jiJrJ,t1u:'.J""")v'\'Ii(g'(..j(o~...&I2_L~;~cf-{
jil,)!~1946.1" Ii ~,y.L Ii'J../'( ;;~~~s;c-~,... -UJJ't,J J}L
- y , -

;,1'vtLi,ft-~~J!cJL/~Y"L'-.J,}.L ~t:--,~L ~Jt::U:.I'(

t
;,1'0.1"';; tr t./. ~t:--,~ ~ ti,L l'VI, '.J~':"" ~;~
, . -
_C-jt-J1J'(~'.J"J1'J..::-l>.Jj'/~;~
,.
t«.J)7L~J..Jt-...&I~~'(rPt.(G"':rf-~L_C~Y,j
tt. J~..::- tJl,",:,,'-.!:..J"'~ J..::-tJl,.J,I.::,J"Ji'L
J'~...&Io'-~k
J'..::-~"..::- tJk>L2_L Z'- ~'t..a?L 't..a J~L '1.)1
(;)"~(J1JI; iJi'L ->. L ~Jf~
. .::,J'if'.J~'.J""::- -- , "::-.J,}'
tJL,;,...-c-
,f(' if.-f-l( b1~'( i.JY"L J7{if.r"::- ~JJl ifL:)/J-, I,)!"'.Jr
J?''(vll,)!..::-tJl,d.;~Lu.vv..~f-l(_foL~,fI{JJJ~~'p'
t././Lfi? J..I) iJJJ>.-':);JIJ"fif,J,ffi.Y. etJY".J"J""'(_~
_;Ja!vLI,)!/f-.J.::...."J)~~fg?::-J_.f.:....~o,.!:.LJI/
L1'1J)J!t,)-(j..I,f~,ji~L;({t!"'(0,~.i:v.itJf.LIrJ~
.:....tl)Y"LI.),f'.J~,J;,'~L).::/,J/./~L(;)'.:....JY"V,J""'(-~
LJ~{~"::-~.J,'J~I..::-libit/L('o,jJLJ!JLr,f~~,
 107

v?_v!~fJ'~~J,,JJLJL\,J~'J7.:,,~J'v?..;~~~.I)
.:.f..I''-f-V'e~L':e':LIr.l...fiL.lYiJJ",:"J'J;JfLf,-?/1
.I~-./.'L2:";;Ij~l)r(~li.ItJJ~fr;./,/-v!fYiJt}o
or: is v'lJt.l~'.»!L L.I'fJ..A(~cfi.,V'~f f-J,?, (~L-r
t.)J('£?.I"f-~v:1J;:J/L:1'iL_C~}'fj~~)llP!I.,:,PS~'L
~'_'-JjJ.(I':;'pJ'~'(ifT-f'fJ'v.ltf:t~V'f-J'fiU:L'.IL
.I~-~JJ~v!.:;;;?~ ",:,,'}/~t:J;L t.),fff T- f V'.....t.l(u;:(
LJJ'J~tJJ~J!~,.1947->.~~tf~lIvo--(':"L,j'~'I->L-r
'Y ., ,. •

~Jli"v,J!~~Y.l.rIJY"L~':"L,j,~.:.f./
.,.,. F . . . ,.rP,..(G"
'
(Lb:cJt:J~J.I~"~~Afv?v!Li'jL(1..(G"f47-fthf~r
d'.»!L"1948_1i~/~ft; (~(UZiif.LJ~'.I,'Ii~r
V'L J_c~}'fj}J (v? ~Jf~ei,(t~/~'L t.)}.I~.I,'t.)'.I?1J ,
..:V';;f,'~f- c:CYi~,2.. L( JJ;Ib..:i.:;,PJ'~{~.I-f-
J),,£'.tt..r;,J'fJ( }Jt::--'~.IJ'':''--''
(LJlY'.Ilv-tit::--,.kV"Ii.l...tJ
~fL('~(;.Jt::--,~"t.l...:.,/o.t(-~JL'fv1~.al~Lv,e~JI
ff-JJ(cr )?~Ii':f'LYiLf}J(L,.p...fiLJ_C~ }'fLIi
,.;->LIj'/L'Yv'L.I~~v1IYJI(Lf.:;/'f/t.),.tj(v/,J'J/
, ,.
L VJIJr.l4~r''':f.l''cr )?"( i£/'V":f'f-""LYi zd_~v!
, ('Y~~~I;;illcJ'iJ'Y'
1.1 I,." \' /.. ....
_,~~~7_'J'f'. ~~J'(.)_,J~'.I,'J'i'
I

,Jjt?-if-J'Y'(J'./J'(.)_,J~'.I,'Jli'...f(.)lf.~f-~V'(~
",:,,}V'-f- J,Yi( J'./ScJ'v!.J.>,J' (CBR)~~.I.I,,~, JJ
 108

~(~'.I"VJ1LJ1'~tfv:f(i,t~S~~.lY~U'("'f-YV-
I.fl-7 J1.:-A?J/S~u., Svji~~IJ1~Jf ~I>.fJ.J:t::.- ~
~IS~I;~/T-'S~VPILI.lJ/SJ_C~ jfjLv,(I{t-~Y·
hb1'L:)/t::.-~'S~~LJI..~IJ~
ji:--'f-C:C: t,'Jyf(:;.I,'f-YV-
_~ Jf ~/wlv:f~ Jfb kAr'DI.lf ~.:- LJI,U?.lY
- ': .. ,. .,.
jt:f'LJ'I
y

';.I,::r-~l.S'tJ1ji-:.>t;.,Sl.fl~.i.Lj.l
(.:-blP~j fv!Lf ~I>./ ~
_ , ~':-.l,?J/J!S Lf~ "..,tGfL,t~fL~ JI) -P~DJ
._CL~ -
~i':r'f-:-'f- tJjI;t::.-"";)~ILv,(IilLLI.Y,J? ':-~.I"
,/.1" t]';:(v'wI'( j,Pl ,LI~I,tJ)~.-:,~~,-:.:::fv!j,JL L:)t:f'~
f (i,t~ jlz;,J U)~-.i. vt,?LtJJu rSl.fljJL ?SJ--".-:
f 1946f'f-:-ji~J:;(S,t~~)JJ1S lhjt?j~q.-.i.'f-j
f1939f'f-:-tJ/'Jt)~L:)L/'-j';:Lr.-:L~f;J'J"v!j','L
e: Lf'j" t] ~ v! (J L '-.II;: L L:)~,Pl.1(//' tJ)~.-:~ '\"
t::.-

~l.S'(~:-~)SU?jyjt:f'~,f{~~jy-t)l[th/Ji'LI~I'
.JS';'''1t::.-r!£~)..S~~.-:LCt!l(..-J:>IUy'V-f 1939f'f-
2..L((~.,fJ-'Lt'I_f>'_(£L~\(L:)LI&I(,-;;;:LL:)~'Plf
, ":;~J/J~(L:)~'kj"t]':-j,?SUji
. ....
jA£lrj"J~L:)~o;:V;
I.flL.I~tJ}~.-:-t)U';"'~4' i..L J?J':-'JlPj,'VLPLI.fI
'(L:)~,~/~~JL2..{.LJf4,/~I.f'f't.z/Jbj,'SJ!S(
....;f ~ ~J(",:",VSJ~~tJ}~..( jYt~J)_t) ~14 LI~I,
,,-jla/Vi.VtJJ',~jU:lf~,""ji~(,
.. ,-- 1994~..vIJ,~
-_ ,"
.....ct.;).v'd::
 109

;J"I1'~v!LL;l.5j;L./~,(-=...r-V1LIr';'..J~t,.J""J"J?'J
;'f'/i:tLJ:;J~,jf;v-~';;~vJJr'....fiLJ!.'ifr.':/'i.
cr
_liv- LvflApJ(~J.t'_(£ L.;J'?cJLV~!-' i LJ1!-'';~;:~
~~ ~J~v-j ;f-u{L J'...tl( jfjl~~ J!.V- v;;J,- /'Jif.
. "",' , __
,,"": ... _,'. r
.. lA..
,;uJ"Jlill..lJb:IiLt/u.t(Lv?v1L"cJl;/,Pi..J)....Crf
•
"_"

Lh'Y_g_J;Lu.t,f(~j£h'Y'/-t(I:)'J"J-JK:t.J'J!f-
LhJJ(;Jk.·jl;/,Pi,JU.tc»J.1J't¢ ",i,Pi"~v V!, 1923
Lv,IL)LV'J,'~;J(·~it(!~~Ae)((,;l;~~,PiLv'LJ1
JJ1 !-'J ~tJ, 'J ~L L ufl cJ';~:'L I.yv!_li ~(..)f{ JL u.t (
V1¥':ttJ,..:t;fLv'J"f-~Ir/JJ,!-'~ ;-~uY;eJ?""_v!'
';-'~~J/-f>'!~LJlP!L~J,(!'V1 h,y,J.i'u.t({~L(}f
.. ,

JfJ..:~IP(I:)t:f'~,I:)tJ.-'"J,'~,;:.zu:t(ff-~..J'7'V-,200
-kJJ(Ii(((V'~I:)c;.f~e,f*-=...v'Lvfl(iYli
cd,_(!-,;;,d!L~~....fi2..L v'f-(',d 1:)1r'y. ~Jt'
cz:Ji;"JJ~"L~~ jf;JlPffi-f-0"i,J.i';'YA(l,.·L bJt'
ff-JJLfJ=,;J,ff-,J~JI:)'Lv,f',;;:.::...~~.;;?{~;:~
)~f-:t'J~~'v-'-AL(r;:1r (( }_'-Jh'(jf-=....:;.,P',Jl:)f
·":--~ft.J(}v.::.-v~Ll:)fJ,'~ftVV-ufl("fJfi~/~~
rp,/'..Jv,fJV'-J!a';_L-lJYV-
~rj-=..., ,, . . r"~J~
J..ff~,·"J_fi;:1r D .,

j'NL',LJj;kJJ'iVJ"J~ ;(tYf';J"V1L; J:,fLfJ.7.::.-.,?

v.. ~'f 2.. L£J ~JL v,JJ{{ J'J"LI:)t:f'~j~e'..:/LvJ.
 110

'6lj~)'VI/;J/-i';-I)iLI.);r/L-:!IJ,~.IJI,..(/I-v!LIrLV
"f::;"f~J·.I?v!M/~L".I'-J'v.i~I.S.lIr("J'LfJj.:;.,+!,
_LIrJf~i;IF.(£-fl,-!JLC)lf~v_fU.l1r1.1j(":,
 111

L )1J.fL {;~ J..I~.ti '- L.ly L~:r cJlr,~~".

c';J:,-...tcJ'-v.tf-)Lhl!f(,I)J JtC>IJ;I()i,-t,.,;...t'-)~
{~I,L);~SlJij,J-)t"...t'/-L,j$jS).:'~,Ji'vLJ~I);~
1~1J~'vJ...tJl(.LlJij,J-Jt·~IJ.f({;~...tl:l-v.tf-)~J),j
S.:.-j,J-)t"L)J~
_fiJi {;~....(J~L~"''-/'J.$_IJ J)1,L.f
JJ J_fI/cJ~~LJ1L.fJ~I'-LI)Sk".j)t~)"i:.;£)~
- v.t~J)lj)(J,(tfJS
c,JlLJ,(I.5J"'kJI/()~,Jlr'-/'/J/)if(J1';JJZ~
)"Ji'vLJ'v Jl.5zui,-.fv,.J',":",~;r...tLJ1~
,-.:.-hl~l(1
~f-c(,/'/~Jt;tj' ~v!JiL~.Ji;iI.);'JI:lIv!;I~IJ ~.I;~
'Jbj,-)DA.f,r,'/~J;I.:.-lJ~j"";"'.~I~,-~~,J-)t"v~
'Jljl()i,;)"LJ1JiI),)J.~L.:.-k),}'SuJv~~Ji'vLI.5~
L.fLJ;~J~.II,-~/J._,b_fl,I.)J1';I.)£;1u,()if£·'f-f
.J".f(Jj...0J~ffi-v.t 'if.fJ,pJ. ~L .:.-~ljJ;I/.:.-J)~LJ1
 112
,

LJ1 2..): rilr-L U~., ~ f- t-Irh~,~,.:..f. u! ,.:.dJIv~'

J;(;J'L<:f!().!_J1V'{(lP)?...fIZ_LLfJuj;J.UvL~tJlv
_Llrh~'uA)j~J'J'fI...fI~UJj~J'U;(J:';L;~u!
LJ~)J'~~r-?LU';'~_'J1£cf:.t.fu!j,~LL;1>.
~tJIvLJ12..):u!J!'"~L,~t;;'JL'JLJ1IiJjrilr-Lu~(;hJ)
U~Ii~?/~J' L;1>.~~?eJ~L"''''_~~'.:.A!Uvuj;.rllr-L
JlV~LL;I>.{(j~~LuJ~~.(.~~'y ~Jv;ff-~"f-Jf
~,.,L }fLj~ _£ L~J' c)'?' tl:)?".~ Ji~jlr·/J' J/
J~/Ct'j'J/~v,jiLIrtJ:J'_t(Ji':rf-V~ut~~";(~
C),jiLIr~elr/vI>.JivRv.r~Lj~'~'-/J)UP.j)b~'~jf'
(jl;! tJ.-}tf,J' vI>./J;IfJ' C)t:J~Ji'Jt'''f- c:C iC)/YJ){~J'
LUJ/('L C)'u!M?f-J!'"~cf:. (v,jif- t-Irtlr{j}L..;:/~
(.,!;,dJ~~L'Ylf'jJ'_f-t-f ~{(lP)AJ'J~~...fIJlV~
v'v.r':-);"'{j}U~1i ij({;:jt-..J,!( .:..f.':rf-t-IrV~ yI..J}I'
J''!y~jJ J...fI..J,!((j.:..f.jJ'_v.r~)fJ.~~ (1i)J)(t.f~
':'L~J((U;":~Lvl>._v.r Lf~Iv.,!;~f(~
v:r.'vl>.ff-J3~~)...fI~~L'YLJY"JJk--tJ~-?L~
.:..f.L C)t:J~~ ~ ViL;:_ ~Iv ~U)~...fI u! J;1J'C)t:J~
tf'~~~lfk--~~J~'i-'t.fL.J ~~_'f-V~(Po_t~((j
v:1J-» J'j~....(IL;I>._.c... J'~ J L~-.1L C)t:JL"t,.f...;.ttji,UjJ)
.. , • y ,. ..

V',,_;UJ1~;.t(~tJlPJ}/~t?~ - ., .. -L~L--L--..J./"'~
.... ,.. .. ,=-,?e:.
.,
 113

":"I.I~.IJI.:..,Viy.'~~~~~L"::'~JiLv_,(I?,2..LJ
.
.....~JI'~L.:.. ij,J'(.;)Idti.l~~~c.....lLL ., .
2£'.1
. J ;::-1((.;)'-2.
(t((;)I'r-t"If>~~~(:..Ij~,,;vLJ~G"~J'%-~ld~v.1
t.JJ_'r- t"1f> t:t.J}.I,IJ.lV'.:..ij,(t .lJIJ5,~
1~.tif.rL (l711c.....%"
J?J~L vji~ ~~IJ-'r- t"1f> Ii£,~(lP{-J1-=-f.v.f,~.lG"JJ':"7
.:..,ViL (;)1".:..
fr .lJI.:..
k--~.~JIf>[)x.;.1 ~I JII(.;)IV-0t:J~
-V~Yv.1";lrLJ.4"tfif.V:'-.lLLLf~~DJ~I~
.. ,y ," ... "' . •

V~'.lJ,£j:i( f'r-J;Jvifil( J.A:'!L.L.I!Jv56Lt.JJI;r

(1' Jec:,L Jt:J~(g-'r-~t (j.l~JJ~ (~J~ J'r- (~(
),Llf-J'LIf>~~~Lv';'.lJJ"L~~c....;(Pjt:J~U'~
..£vr:?J~"Lfk--tl'DJV? ~.:..LI~DJ?Y"...J/'/~ I~'r
ffc....h,f." ~y:'~f. ~L i)iut(.;)'~ (lfrt.JJ,f jivf;)J~(j
... . '.\. .L" . \~' ,

JG"c-(.;)I2..L~J'~JJ'~':"'Jl,...o.lJ'~~...fILj~L(JI.!'
tiV~~~~ ~'.lj C{r.l,'I.fk--dJD'-t.iJ' (j.t'6J'c...'.lJ
((tJ'L~.;Yft.J'II.;Y;t3:;J"L~IG"~J..;:/t.!s;AD~~1
'.I!(j2-Ld! I.-P?:(b.lt"J'JI.!'-'; t"~...J';VV-JJ,'J
ut.lJ/j'.I.t'u,'{.I~Jf,fuf/)d! I~JG".lJ'~LI;-;(J~'r-
...
.:..L.-'~if._~ 1~)?,(j~LL~.::)J)LJ(.c_v.1JL~, ""
DJVfJt~~"LY".lij~ l...fIif2..L~.I~J'Jf~fiU:,f
v,ji~d! j',3P;_fi~L-i-,J'~'%~h;,~j'~.lJc~((~
J"LIf> 7~";vLjv ILU"¥.7.J.;?(~ u~vL'JL r~L
 114

vff 'f-~ JfY",:"l_~'~ fiJfJ/,1,f: ~,f e...f~.::.Ji J,J-d~

u)~ffi:.. /4f i"..(L' "~)e....fj;iif vC>.IJ~~u.l1.--
1(1~).til.-- (.:;/,'1r;,JLU.tfl)?J~ LL.r;LJ ;:',;i_;~L.:;/,'
1.%;:.1 (vI>. ~'-.l~ L.lf)/ L (;,J_~J/...4{(u.lfJliJoJe...if.
U}f?'.IJIUJ/'IJ.JJ..,.:;lt 1948~?14LU.tff-:-->._li_;~.IJfCfJ
Ir;,JL v.tfl-k~) t.ft.:?"(u.lI)ijJ...;lPLr;,JJ..vI i V",:",Uz7e...
1/..:.-~~~e...~IIvLvlfI(L.r;,=-)o.l?(L.I~IIv(~ I
j}G'.lJli 1;;'f-t"Ir~...4{(~.I.1lJijJ.tiI.--L~1-:-->.e...~IfJLIr
/ .. .
U.lf)ijJe...d.'rfi:..'f-.IlP[ ~0)-0 L.r;.:.-I/VLvfe...j;~
._fiLtlvlJ ~1>.-'f-t"~~..(~J)J~IJj}G'~~IJ..,J..1-L
~,:,-~o.l~_;/~r'f- z:V~ r"li~.I,.fJt~J7-~Jh ..C"
':'UJ1C:(..~);~ .il.--Ljl.--IU.%J..d'f-:CJI;/)._fj
'f-flr~);~}U:.:.-~~i'f-~(r?Jk.fJ......(C...fvLf.
J..':'-.I~JU.I')'J.I(
;.IJ'u~ L('-(.)J~o)JI.%
e... -r"/uIY! ~ If
-
_vrJrJ...I"#.R.lJf,,)u:JuJfr~'.IJ)LvY~;;;!_~I7!)
" ' , ,
~-~J\":/.IJ0'IL
. , _r~tJJ~,..iJfJLVf~f..J/....(~e...J..t:l-
y_

f(U_):If~,J(IYIVf/vJP.»e...I).r;J)JIY,..;.L:!~'f'f-~
tJ~L L~ (IY'{ .lJJLp.lJfJJk. J..-..J v'-/J)OJ.lJf'f-(0'
(J/~LL!)~L4-):.(.c.(LVf/~JtJ.I{oJ)uJLf.'-.II.--~-v.r
L""}J"jtt'..J/!J)-r"~f7~0~r-?~~J~ffi-v.rJ
tJLV'.I#u,(i:.J,tfLJ,~~fJ?U,jJN~·"JL~f~.I/vir(d
 115

'f-.l;~'T".I~'((tV'd.JV-~J...J./';oJ/otV'~L('=,_V!V!t..lJ
do t.f.!:/ ~(Lf r?':t
v}j J;!I;_ /LP 0tV,L l:)~~ _!( - V!
~'(j&~~OJf~~'J(tV'O')--0fi~ V-c)f..fLV! 'f-.I
Lif.'f-t2J~J~IJ.((~V-'-.l~Lv}j'-/'J'''''f-VL(tV'
Vk-"~~, V-
L.I tJ-""t b.t?,,' ~~/...J./.; OJ_{ V-i;;
l:) (;:.iW'.I

--0- V! l:)~/, J...JjJ.7 L '- /'J --0 t.f.l.t,L

..::..-- ...£_!( V! LYi
.I"V'?:';'.I"jj_".I~'J~j"l:)f.l'~LUi~J'JJiJ.IlvL~.I{.1
I.)H(J}~(tVfd.J~~.l=,_V! ~'m{ ~J tJJ/~JtJ!.l
v?V! JfJ~v- (,;;"tJJ(f:Jl((t ,;-,v.!MhU!'Vr.,J?'!J:.l V-
..::..--1.1v:r.'f-JYiJl.)if?ij(j'~~~fLl.)il/'"':'(.jJf.;;OJ1JV-
Lf..;:)I;(Jl.)i'.t~~jl.)t.l"'f-J1.1((tV-Lfr,j.l(;'.I~(;..-
O)V~ ~ (tJ~L('tJ!.lv'-'f- ()~..:;);)~ tJ.llJ~jtJJ~~'J
1~~LfJlL..::..--1.1tJ.I~iJI.)?!J:.lR.l:)'_('f-=,~Jtv,)'
L!;;':,Ji(0,'tJJiJ~L('!J:.l:'-4.I1(j.lfl.)~,J.lk,fJ
J~'J/'(~.I,'I(J;'oJV!;£J'~I.),/'J/'T'i';-'.I"V!LYi
./~~~~JLIr.J~r~'/if~'.lJJuJ~,'P;;JI:-~--?,
L'.llr-(,j'.k.Lif-,f,j'~L;d._;{(..),/'J=,_lI:;';.I_,f..I"V!LYi
JYiv.!M,,,t.f,.IjJ.;. ~v'vil4.I1~ Ir.Jli,l,- /LP'-.1{&".I..c:f
t.f it.fl:)£,'tJJL~LfL/.lIlI~L~J..::..--L.I._(I_(
..., .. .. ..-
~E../I.)t 'T' i.1,j;W'~_'f-to iV-J?,o/LPtJ.I~--0~ L~'£';'
L~t.f~,;-'?v.r 'f-.I((tv-£Ir,,,.lJ..::..--1.1o}~~,,_( 4.11
 116

/U'?"'~~I.lD~'~.t'LV'~7-J.t11J~~, ..h.lfJ',-:"",~~~
-7- J.t1UJ';
iY'J£.I(G"dI;!J,~,
(tJJ~~L('v'v!'-.I~L.:.-tf'? ~ ~}.I"":'--~.1
;£.I(5:,ytl,uy.v!~v'vl>.-7-...;Jl5"/-~~)iiJ'Lvl>.YV-
~Iv- .:.-tJlp~,'v.rjiV-J?".:[ V-jft)('.1{(.:.-~vlvir-~
.
/.:.-';'L~J'LL~j.l"'::";.I~vl>.~.IJ-UJlI!/dl;! "

.::£.I(lPU~ti~'-:""'V-uJLh.lI.:)t.Y"(LiL,,:::;,,;-'L',~.I~y..
;'.t,J!,-y.V-.:.-tJlplft,....L,,:::;,v'Ldv-,~/(5:,YV'U'D'-~
" ,.
~.AfL----,::,,;.I~.I" ~} [p ----U;v..:.--~.I-LJJ~,.Iv!
~):':'-~~D'':;:;''LfJ;t]jiJ!~LI?V~LI.:)v-,~J.:.-kf
V-; l.t1rD,J If h--.._i!.;.J,,b> d "', IJ:lfl.)l? JL;;'...(tfi::. ;£
,>.:; JwL.:.- fJlPL ~'u~,U.t1'::£.1'::'-: ~ J~ ~I ~.::..;;rf
-£.t1";I~..J~VI.lJJ/V-"!""~,dvJ jft'f-j.t1v.,..!.:.-.I,?
?~D,J L;;'--flLSi 1.:)t.Y"V-U.t1,Jlfh--.I"d",,(.{.'.1. V-I.:)v-,~
~Ir -ftV-':'-.IyPJ(gL.:/fD~tiJI,L.t1(G"?--L.:.-'$.f.i
;-'2..LLjvt(.:.-'$.f.iv~Ll.:)lvl>.l».-.i:..~h,?It.PJ
z- 1.1 L U.,(,V-L jvf: (1.))t.Y"L I.:) v-,~ ~_L.t1'- ;r
tJ:.1.
1ft,...... t.f~V-#:J.AP . d:.,1LvI>. _t,.0.. c:;
.. 1,;--1.1... l7;J LhC:;1
Ift..-L ..
";-PV-':;;' IJP--[i-lf,J.!~/J~IL ~.1.2.. L L! ~1p.vlP
.I1;"':'"'~"dl:1 (.{.'.1.~,.(...(t/.:;)IJP--[jo,-t)";:·((5:,ylf,Jd' cd
Ll7;J .... LIp..J)J..:.--t..-JJ,j,J? (.{.'.1.LvI>.;;'»._.i:.. ~J..
 117

,J. f.JlP!fv1/,,:,,~~U:.lLcJfji11)fI).::(
Jlh.JJ~f~ J cJ~'~
VlPif(...~ff~r,.,t.f;,_t.d'j":"L,.,,_t.t:?VfJ,J~rJJcJf..J/
- 4ft 'Y ._

ifk--L ~f U:.l~.J'ff-":"~ .J,fJ~f (~.l2._ L L.I ~r,.,

":"~LS/'JiffLL.tI>..J'f_f-":"~LS/'JJ~t.f~,~2._L~(vlP
U.h.Y)u.mJu:.l,-x ,JLf,:d.,_t.cJ~'~ L U.,ff_V',":,,~'f(
,fl-J ~/.;:,(. J L.f,~cJ'~.J'f,f; rr'LS.JfJfJ.Jd'~,_t.
(UJ'~.J,f
Ajif-.J((t,_t.vf((.7-U;:~L/I;f~l(fL..J)u)'J,)"~
~(vL~.J";':"'f.JJ.£'fo,~L(qL~1.J~~~2._LcJf
V~YJ/v1I(g (~1.J~ ..Jf~jif- ~(L.tl>.....fu~ff.tz=
..
_J'(;;,j..,fJ£2._LcJf(j";.J,fl)v1J)
..
v.1.f I)I;z.JJ ~ =":::;'Ii / L.tI>.P! L L r,_t.J'y"~ 1.1J'cJ~~
J;/oA'J~JLJ1r?,_t.~f.J'f.::.-::Y;{(tL~.l~(}j~~
~lP,jL (} j~~ L U.,ff2._ifffk'L~.rr..;
U:.l(vJ.Y.Y.J.tfL
Jf 1947~ 11 J ~ r_J ~/J L.f,~,f; rr.J,f(/J-,_t.U.rr,J
.J.tfL!jvfLUfl((j~,flf-~~(¢O"£~,_t.'-AL!j
dL4-~(j,';;j=-f-J,y/J£/;;!ifk--LL.tI>.L.rr~
V,j,,flj'?/...{IJL.f,yf,pJL".Y,((.)#f..J/=(j";.J,,j,fJvi
jJ1':'-; ~ 0-:f~;f....{IJ4- Jiifk--L L.tI>.=jiL ~ V'~UvJ""(!j
'-.J~L~J( }...{I.J.tfLJ;>v;~,_t.!jv'~fLL.tI>.-f-
l:;'.J"f-V'cJ~.J?l:;',_t.t:? vf L.rr L.f J J~fJ-
.,::..>(;., JT
JcJ~J):"i-.tJ-;L
.. l;,lffLI;.,.,L.....,
-.. -: r~~'.... _"L.rr L.fcJl.~o?
..
 118

r?'~'(f'.rir?'U£l:IL/J~Cf!!)it(-?'u)y.JtJ'V-~J.:Lr?'~
e;".IJ'o$';-'HJ~.IJ'aYiJ)L'J;d V-l:IL/JPii.ft1:-?'J
-~.riO.): 2_ L..>.::~'-/J)._fi.lJ'.£ vil.i-I.:,..~UvJJI..---
~~ U.J'~!)}

~ do ( j)t; r._fi *
.IJ'U)IJr2_ L l:IL/JPi ivr.. Zf!!..,....i C- ~ _... rA 031,'
q. (i';)j
(L~~'!(j~),jt;Jfv='r~~)J'.f
i';d~U~ C- ~:: V- 01., JLf
jo' tf..::JiJ?J/J ~)L.ri
L V-(.)Li&~'I,,;,rLo'A.I"~c:' fvicl,,;, rtfJ/if'v.vi
~j)J' aYiV-l:IL/,p' "-if ~ vi..f!)O)v Jl~z i ~~lS'
...(f~
..
1.1'_': rL.ri Lf~/ ,. )lJfL JI..---~")"oPYL
- -v-
U.riJ/
J.ritiJ.lV-~iJ?..(?.
..::..r'1)vlf. ~ 2:-)..)'J" I(Jl?)r'....;J~.IJ,.....wJ1
~
L',L.ri'~ C)h-".I~L~" .IJ,J,;{ t.:JJ.lujjJ)L uiL..-1L
L~/?)j,~.IJ'LfrIJru;r'l:Ih-"~JLl:I',ld\..;--JJP'
";'rr:.,rJ~~L)LL;I>. -~ ~)f J.a?L--L~h-"1( u ~,f,-)J~u;..('..(
f-kr!."~?J(~{.I,'J,;{t.:f,.If ~ ~_( .:,..~::.a?L--L..JL.ai'
AI/' AI/' ., ~.t1" .;>
.IJ'f-'(.).-r D/.I..()!'U/ o~iJ?..( (.)) 'fi,.) f-' I),O'f-' J~"":",,I)?J (C:V .

'~~ )Ij,L( jU}iJ?/.~

U)Y. ._fi.l"! It 2_ L ~J.:..:: jIJ~u,~"'L Ui/(V
,-,;(':'~ LfJ.;~~~,2_Ll:Ic;.(~L;I>.L.ri~,)JJr"
..::J,fL ~_L,'.c..~ ': I., ~~tJ!. r.... J;jJ.; ,=-'~_Iv- Jl.> ..
I:~ tJ:'.•L 1(.c.....1 vil:l ~ l:I~ J'1(.c.....1
r·, , v.f',Pi,JPi.a?L-- L L.I I
j;~lfh--LtLL.riU/I(..::..r'1.1.J70-?J'jl(~i::_(L' vi~
 119

"-,~
jt:i'l_{.( v1' J(2_ L Lf .:!;;~/~L~n.:.-tk,wL c,.1>. '
'¥ ': .. • .. -

_.l..z:..~t[JA..v~ F-!~j;~L_trp,\..1.-,
, y ••
£_,I..::;.A.J
~),J!Lu" .. /'-~," y ..

~~-L.~~~ jlj((;)(...i'/~..L~'f-~v!";.Jr'lf'=':;"
"g /. uilH lfh--L c" I>. J?.J';:;'/,/.v! (;)t:i'~~
4-j.,::./ ~.J.cr-:.J
t"J1.J ,d.J'J.h'A ..y~.)(v'~ if.tjJ1.!;., A/-.:.- LJ, lr
~ (.::.v'f..J
jiG'.J,fi ill.}yft.t, L ui~J.;.I,'l.}J/r,l.},/.~(Li ~j"-V
ujiJl)lfL..-V-
..
~v,-V:Vr/t.,5.J'JD.J~.'iJ.'),.1"-1), e: L ;:;;'_J.J,j
_.,.-' ._ 'r '~.' -. '. - ...

J~/?....f' V-b.Jt"J' J-V'J~' (~//.15.J (L ~), if- L

.... .( '

if.~d.' i~D'~ i(d973_~.JJ?YV-",:""0"~(;)iG',,,:",,~',..;(t~

" • ,"' '~/' ",>. .. " ~.

~~::v-v,,j=..J/..;-VL("0'.J'?I::.J.J;j~),(~1;J(lY'V-
"::'/1.1~ i=".zy_'f-cCd-~:(;'~.J.v(Ji)'J;(;)LY ~/fV
~J.J'!f-..J J,L;/,/L4- JiL;J }70',~L u,t;.J"0'.Jt;(~.)J'
.. . " . ",' . '

.J,jCf0'J~(0';....fIV- ~ iv'i)'!J}70',~L uti f'f-=,':'-~

L u,..JL , ,j'':'-.Iu,.J''':'-.J,.v'0)lf'-t:;... .... if-i;( v,f'-..J
, VIj
d~ .vi 97 Jl' 'f- /' 0'.J,/.1-..fi if- tf_t" b;J' LJ1 dLYi..
~fi'f~ -=---=v. tlfJ1 :/U{U'4d(f~/.,J'v.....iCL f'.£.J15)~i
ji'f-t"1fif-J1;/U{U'4d'~.) J/JlrJ)~)t,,)'f-':'-~ Jt-..fi
li.;d~c,,)v'hLPLuJL i}.!J'JL.J1Z-j.J)ilLJ,.;prj
... 'p • ,
iU:'D' ,.

'f-='~~iJG'';::''''~(l.}'.I'Jf.l".:.-~)..cv~~1A(.7~7-eC
~JIJ('h{,;-,L ud~--?)~.Ij'UlYJJJL((t,,_r
2_ L j_ ;.,;.....
 120

u_,JJ~L ~.tlL.J..£j'Vl_~ L.I..

=;,~,~J'U?U:..l~L?I
."'",:"",,,~).' c;, iJ?', 1(01).I.)! ~J' 1.5.1 IJ".1 ( ~U:..lJJ1 J1J~0)J'
1.)!.I"'.I~'Jt:=.-".IJ'(jp..I"UjijC)~;j,vR'f-V;.Iklr~~
_~ cCJ1:1 G/( IP~I ~...l01>. ji~ ~ t i
, " " , "
 121

J"v- vt'f- VlJ"'~;I.tlif.U~'-.Iln/b.lt'J' dc:J~._(i

~I; (~c:J~L J~u'f- t'1r~+>. -f- k"IAP!I/J',,~{.I}
..:-.:rlb"t'tJ.lIV-L)P.'J~Ii,tJJfJ!"J'._,I;vlLPr.tG".IJIL£J
y .,- I

dL}~S;v'_f-t'1r1J,/;'.t~/uJ~'-/JJL._(}"f-t'Irk-'
-1;v!~?'(dc:J~~.o?'J'.:,..tjSrPr.tG"ff- JIrJ~ )AA.:,..~:,
U";f~c:J~f u(':"'~:,L rPr.tG"o..?-iLIrk-'~Lt/~Jvljj~I
~vt.fLf-JIrYl"::'-:~~.I.h~;:'f-1~Lfi.l-i~?:;C)I.I"L
v=!.I(,._p(.L'fL~,~J'("v!~J'~c:J~4-t".rifiU::'
r,
V- Juk--'-.I{v".f,f. I OJ1J~,J ~k'".IJL~Ib/. ~;.I"
_1J'JkliL,P,.tG"~"":':IrJ'._pr-:"u.r f-/VvJlf'
J,'
JIr~;.;.: ~tJ/'JJ( -f- to Ir~ vi ioJ V" c:/,JL._( i
...fi)(.; J'~ L L L)}I)/2_~/"L J;L (,.)}I)/,.-v.f:-u.:;:-
L u}~"tiL ~v-,.-v....£ oL:: l(f-!.:,..",?J'L~...£ o~
f£:'_ v:. .:;.;;?fv:. u';~~o,fLLu}I)/~'..J/b~~.Ilrb~L
~ 2... vI_ii vio? JI~ .:J'I,~ viI~ -?' J L~ V-~y,
V~v.rV-,:,flv- u;~;_/~)?f~YiV(u)~C)If l:'.;:...JJ''''
l)!d:LU)I.f'~(v{i..(I~Lt.if:I~.ILr-4-"p!L~.C)~~
LuJ'~V-C)~~.I"L:,UYiJli!4:.IA'C)~v-C)v-,~fl))
_(L~LfJr(Jli/Lf-.a?L--
~~_i;.vi';:"'JJptl'V-d'jL~~';_.I~Lr?o'~LMVl
uJ(I~)v,-Lv.r .IV-/ ,;-If~JI,v-~o,f i
J"il}J--:->\..01
....c(f,~-JUYi,;U~k.~JLfL I{UHf~l!ILf-(.;:...~vlL
lYiv1_;:f v.r2{Jr~-L~ .I(G"~~)lffJfl'.IjiVYiLf-r?
-~Y.OJv,_ijLl(-L.;:... ~L~ IV-u;'U),J.I,'
:f:o,,?- t"~~J.I'hJV~ "':""'" {if-v- b.lt"J C)t:-f~..fj
L~'.lI)~Ji.l".I'JJ~J~I),-;{v-~v'/..JU;LuJ,~~,~
~ If'f-:';.( Vl_t"fLfvi£ v-'-A
Il:.tl.lI))iJ?/.__hJu~'-.I1a
-1i!l£IG"C);,jiC)k'".IJLu)~"UJ,~Lif-fv.r~d..fl
-.
,;:",wI".;:...!)~v-(f,.I~IYL_.c....J".Iv1~....(I>.\u:.)b.lt"
~
,_J;;jV-'-.I~Lt.1L~-?'J t.:I-'v.rJ".I~ .;:...L}vOJV.I,'V-'-A
L
,.;:...I~'V-JI).IV-I))iJ?/.Lf-V-'-.I~LC)~,~r?:'f-JIJ~v-~
;I,41L/._[ jl).I{ (J.
~-?'.JV>-,'f-~.112-.~ /.I/.)IY!/',J.I,I,.;:...IJ&
ol,./.;:...!)~oJtUJ.c.....Ia£~yPYtJI?t.".IYLC)V-,~-.c....L.I~i.£
.. - '7 . , , •

Lr-?i~_tG"~~tJI-v.r 'f-.l[JV-/~ &-,/C)ILl(-L~,

2..):-'f- J IJ~v- V,,,:-,,,,\i t"f~I/(Ij'J.lYV-J.-lr-
.;:...JJ~LYi
 123

...fi[P-V,! Ll}l.::"LIlrr'v-'-A Lr-?'j!L L)}.JY'j~~;;V-

L~~~~ --:-->~vl>.f V,! Jf~Jl/J'vl.J"''f-U'.J~~,":",I'::''~
dLJ~Jv'ft'-~?-~t.lJ~Ij.J(,;}.J~'o,_Lf,~v.lV-;YL
~h;:--f~~?dLL).i'~-i"IfI_vf.l~'_'.f'}OJV~OJ~;
'::".J~vlf~~.JJ('O'Jfd'j:,'O'~I.:~t,/-~~LJ.J;:--S~~v,_1)
.J"'~J;;.Jfv'Lv.l'O'vR-(£~Jfw'O'u}LJ..-'"LL)i.~~jt,/-
:' .J?IJ;; L ~~~ 4'JY'O'vl_,fYi
('O't~f:- J'~~'k O.;?L)/.
-J'v}'(,;IJ,..,.jJ'?~"'Jf V,! i..~
L~~~ f'f-t'~L( U'=-V-~Lu'.J?IJL~~~ v-c.lIf'
f~~hL,J.f JlP:V'k.J"Jj.Jly:,-J'~j.J'O'~j'kV-L~
,Jj jij~~'L~~~AjiL~~.II"'[f~ vl)j_~~..:.J.?--fI
;;-LYiviji'::"J?>.J~LU-~.J"--Y~LYiLhI.JLlP:V'k.J"
Jy If:. t/~(,;,?L ~~~ i
..f A ji~ cz: -i" J~j 'k ~~~
_~I.lr-?'i~~'kL~L.lJ{,-;;pL~'L~~"'L~
Jv 56f'f-:'-i"J'v'v'! .J~'J~ .::"~~i.JY'Lt,,.J":;;'v' '
(Iti#ul/v-vl''f-'.J.!~Jliz.~.Jt'IIfk--,J.J,p.LL.J.!L
-LI:-~Jw~r...,}v1J'O'tvl,":",I_'f-.J('O'tV-L.!i.J{'::"~I}S
f~ _'f-J~I 'O'~..Lji...fi''f- VVJ~lfu~}d-~ LvlIJ(
J.UvLJJ:C'~ ji~~~ f~v-~;V ...fi';-IL --:-->~J.I:?
t.f:, V);'f-._fJ ji...fL)~f'f- c:C~VJlr:,~ ~'U~-~ ft,/-J?'
(U~'J(lt.J'Iv..f"::/;~IYJ:.J,'Jlt.;Jvlf'f-V-JJ:CI~
 124 ~

, 9f 7f r~n~ ,
L~.1~; ..lJf'V-k~"}(~(WhS\t~~~V-J).-;' / "
J'C"i-'( (t J'I)! LfJ'fJ'v-L (I'..,.,-",./.L. r£ 15M:.;~/
'~fJ~d }"t.f._L,,!(,.I/~Sunf,fJt7/~.I;L~~~~~ J
.I'fVtJlPjV-JjLJtJr.f£../~S~jG"V-~lff_V-~J~fj ~'
L .::.-~".r.~_L "!~ J;{ .I}L.::.-~IJ!;' virf J!~~f .:>
lfff-~.I"!~h.l;LUi.d' J":"'~.I'ftd~;f~f.l;Ji,.JzjiJ.lb/~.a?v
.~
-f-Jt/~.I(vf.l; /
(.:.-tJ~';-f~'-ALF-v.rf-.l.I~if-4JiJ }'JJi":,,,f /'
J7V-~'-.li?f ~ C-.ll)f,y'tf/U~~f.l,f~ c-uGlIf /
Y'" ,. .. ,

l5'.JLb.lt'd?-fJvf":,,,f'f-,ft/l~y.l'/f';-fC.lt'ltf'.I,":,",f_e:./
J .:.-~ff,~,f Ui.f}/ D.Jt'_O-f-..::d,,!.I,fJ{OJVv- vff-/
O"~ ~v.,_,J.J;LUiJL('.J,fJ,G7v;c.-f"" 2:... ~t;[Jv1v-~.J/
2:...
Vf'~~YI£?~ifL.J'f'~ 2:...,ct gJ.:.-~f,~~;L~.J,'J-J /
, .. , Y / ..

f? v.r?-~b=,,!V-'-.l~ Luf L/~f oJ-v.r?- f ,":,",f?

(Jfy /
V-.:.-tJIP-LI,Lr(L~L/ ,;-IL(.).tr..I"e:.v-~J(r.tG" /
);4/uftYfU,{L~.tG"jrf v.r~fb="!J!~,,,;:r,tf.:.-Y. ,/
rIJXt~Ltf/(.)fJP.~I~
u:1vY' (;c.- ..:::;\J7 k ,J.JL~I'p ,~?~ iv.r Z:!f.:.-tJly~ --
• A ' " .. ,/ jo

,vtpV'f}LJ..v.:.-lf?~.J'f,vf2:...~6LI?.:.-tJJy,..,_cCIP-LI.I
.. ... ... .. t.,· ... .. ~
_~.Ib.ai(.:.-fJ~';-f.l"U~J}(I/v-".r.f J:.-"?O:I~ _....,
300/- J_C~jl5 . J~0DA'
180/- .J_C~jl5 ~;lrj~~
250/- J_C~jl5 L,ULLt,.It"
250/- J.....c~jl5 Jr0D.lt"
2001- J.....c~jlj D.lt"~.d'
200/- J.....c~jl5 ~J0(:tI.I"D.lt"
4001- J.....c~jl5 .:.-t~.ILL~D)t"
2001- J.....c~jlj ~~ .. D)t"0a>Y
, II
4001- J.....c~jl5 )"r0D.lt"
300/- J.....c~jl5 J1J."0D.lt"
200/- J.....c~jl5
300/- ".....c~jl5 D.lt"d~,J.'r-,Ja>Y
400/- J.....c~jlj ~,'D.lt"
200/- J.....c~jl5 cJ..~/J.J;'(-'Ljlni.lY'),'D.lt"
3001- ".....c~jlj bA·~.A!
300/-
 200/- J...£y-}'I; c,j ._fi)~'Joi(b/.
240/- J...£I[}'I; (J:-DLII'/J/J)J
"t

3001- J...£I[}'I; bJt·JJ1U""':

400/- J...£y-jl; OJ'~~
240/- J...£I[}'I; J~JJ~
300/- J...£I[}'I; ..,:....--k--J,'bJt·
200/- J...£y-}'I; bA·JJ~;J
240/- J...£y-}'I; ~}LYJ,'bJt·
400/- J-.hl[jI; J?'J./"bJt"
450/- J...£I[}'I; ;',TJJY~:07Y
240/- J...£y-}'I; t,;)v-,y.'(~ ..ifO) T
200/- J...£l[jI; -J,'(~;LYt,;)~ V!~/.
250/- J...£I[}'I; ..,:....--k--J,'y~
250/- J...£I[}'I; "::"'J..f..",bJt"
450/- J...£I[}'I; bJt"PJ,'bJt"
2401- J-.hI[}'I; ~JJbJt"
450/- J...£I[}'I; bJt"-J'
200/- J...£y-jl; ",:,",J''(I,)/,I..::,.,1'('
250/- J...£I[}'I; ..::,.,V"~"':Lt;Jt·
200/- J...£I[}'I; J'.(~,'JU;
,.
200/- J...£I[}'I; ~J(Vb./t"
, -
250/~ J...,(~ji~ .pv'~~ .
180/- J...,(~jij I,j v,..v.'(.f
~
If..
,.' ,; ,

300/- J...t~/;) v.iju'..Z),'D~r

.. ,

200/- J..t~;JIj
.., ~t,,'(.J
200/- '.J~~jf) ~ ":;"TJ'~,._;J,}
400/- J..1~jij ji5'~
300/- J...t~jij If~b)r
300/- . J~~jij jij)"...oD)r
20()/- 'J~~jij s: J!I/e:..l[ ~_t~