“ ,N UDC 534.85:534. 647: 699.84 DEUTSCHE NOMEN September 1975 Vibration in building ; Preliminary Standard Principles, predetermination and measure- DIN nent of the amplitude of oscillation 4150 Fart 1 FOR INFORMATION ONLY This is a translated manuscript only and must under no circumstances be regarded as an official translation “the relevant tandard. In conjunction with DIN 4150 Pert 2 and Part 3 Replaces DIM 4150 This Standard was prepared in the uniform technical building specifications working group of FNBeu. preliminary standard is a st 4 thetdpplication of which is still subject to reservations. It is to be “ppiied on an experimental basis. this particular case the working -giSué responsible held the view in ts finel deliberations concerning DIN 4150 Part 1 that the impression hat the specifications leid down here had already proved themselves in ractice and were now to be considered final ought not to be aroused by @ publication of a full standard. The specifications contained here ar ather still to de tested and the experience gained is to be considered ta regional end international level. ‘Therefore the group decided that IN 4150 Part 1 should fires be published as @ preliminary standard and ‘at the application of this preliminary standard only be recomended to appropriate bodies. +4 is intended to assess before 30 June 1978 whether these preconditions till apply. +t is requested that practical experience gained with this preliminary standard be passed on to Fachnormenausschuss Bauwesen, 1 Berlin 30, ostfach 3450. ‘The standard "V: ation in building" is subdivided es follows + des of oscillation Part 1: les, predeterminetion and measurement of empl Part 2: Effects on people in buildings Part 3 : Effects on structures 1 Scope This stendard is intended to set out principles by which vibration in structures cen be predetermined or measured, and also to prepare reference values according {o which the effecte of the vibrations on people end structures can be evaluated, with the aia of this evaluation, decisions can be taken regexding measures for vibration isolation by means of which vibretion cen be avoided or reduced to such an extent that it causes no serious discomfort to people and does not impose impermissible loads on the structure.Part 1 covers the basic concepts and explains the principles for the predeteminatic. and measurement of amplitudes of oscillation. Part 2 concerns the protection of people from vibrations in areas of different use with the intention of avoiding seriousdisconfortto people in buildings, in particular in residential buildings. Part 3 concerns the evaluation of vibrations on structures with the ain of avoiding damage, which would mean a diminution in the use value of the structures. The starting point for this evaluation is the load resulting fron vibrations the significance of which for structures with predominantly static loading (e.g. dwellings, office buildings and buildings which are comparable because of their type of construction and loading) is different for that for buildings which have to be able to absorb greater dynamic forces (e.g, machine foundations, bell towers) and ere to be dimensioned eccordingly. Vibration isolation is particularly to be taken into account in urban planning (see DIN 18 005 Part 1 (Preliminary standara); Noise insulation in urban planning, tes for planning; Documents for calculation and evaluation, May 1971 edition). Vibration isolation can only be achieved if the general basic rules concerning ~~ vibration are taken into consideration at the appropriate tine in development planning (planning the exploitation of areas, planning of building) and ell other planning relating to the use of space (e.g. for intercity traffic) alongside other town planning requizenents. Vibration isolation measures can usually only be applied after the event with great difficulty and at considerable cost. Whereas sin the case of noise disturbance can still ocour at greater distances fxon the sources of the noise, disturbance from vibrations is generally only to be expected at smaller distances \°*°S® 7SME°/.o5 a source of vibration; that is to say the problens of vibretion isolation are usually limited to the renge of up to some hundreds of metres from the source of vibration. 2 Besic concepts (see also DIN 1311 Parts 1 to Part 4 "Vibration’ 2.1 Oscillation and vibration Changes in physicel quantities over time are designated oscillation if the change over time in the period considered is not monotonic. Mechanical oscilletions in structures give rise to dynamic loads. The tern vibrations covers emissions of oscillation and imissions of oscillation. Mechanical oscillation and vibrations of 2 specific intensity can be subjectively perceived within a specific frequency range. Subjective perception by e humen being is not sufficient for the evaluation of the effect of vibrations on structures. 2.2 Harmonic oscillation The simplest form of osciliasioa is herwn's oscillation which can be represented dy a sirms function in the forajmplitur ngular fr Fundamental “pertea Figure 1. Harmonic oscilletion The amplitude q is the greatest absolute value (peak value) achieved by the magnitude of oscillation. The value for q associated with any arbitrary tine is called the instantaneous value. 1 is the fundamental period. The reciprocoal value f = 1/f is called frequency and is measured in Hertz (Unit symbol Hz). The valuew = 2xf is the angular frequency. 2.3 Periodic oscillation If an oscillation always recurs identically after time T it is called periodic. A periodic oscillation can be represented as several superimposed sinusoidal oscillations, the frequencies of which are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency. 2.4 Steady state oscillation, effective value If the appropriate statistical inéices and functions are constant over time for an oscillation, it is steady state even if it is not periodic. The effective value for the magnitude of oscillation is one significant index. ‘The following applies for periodic oscillations ; -Plews sa YE leer (In t case of harmonic oscillations a,., = 4/ V2) The following applies for statistically°Steady-state oxcillations , rn gu =|) atte | gar ag” Ot in the duration of observation.2.5 Transient oscillations Transient oscilletions are temporery processes, processes of increasing or decreasing oscillation. They either decay over time or chenge into a steady state oscillation (processes of increasing oscillation). ge¢ = 0 for transient oscillations. 2.6 Dynamic loads leads which change with relation to time and/or the direction of effect are now as dynamic loads. Dynamic loads are, e.g. centrifugel loeds on machinery which is not counter balanced, shocks (e.g. explosions, pile blows). 2.7 Shocks Ifa load is applied for a brief period to a system which is capable of oscillation in such 2 way that the period of effect is short in relation to the fundamental period of the free vibretion its effect is independent of the duretior of the application of the load and is only dependent on the impulse. These & effects are mown as shocks (see also DIN 5488 "Quantities dependent on tine, terms for dependence on time"), 2.8 Free oscillations and natural modes Free oscillations are movements in a system which is capable of oscillation which has been left unrestrained after brief excitation. Free oscillations in Undanped linear systems with a degree of freedom are harmonic. Bach magnitude of oscillation returns after a period inherent in the system 7) (natural period of oscillation). The reciprocal value of the period 7, of the system is called the natural frequency f, = 1/f,. The value for the naSarel frequency £, maltiplied by 2 is called the natirel ungular frequency &e The natural frequencies of a system depend only on the oscillation properties of the system, e.g. dimensions, material parameters, bearing or marginal conditions; they are independent of the excitation. If @ system which is capable of oscillation has severel naturel frequencies there is a specific mode of oscillation for each natural frequency, this mode is called the natural mode. If such e system is excited with a frequency which wholly or virtually coincides with its naturel frequencies, then in the case of weakly damped systems forced oscillations with large amplitudes occur predominantly in the natural mode appropriate to this naturel frequency (resonance). 2.9 Forced oscillations Oscillations which are generated in a system which is capable of oscilletion means of dynamic loads or movements in the base point are forced oscillations. If these excitations are periodic , a steady-state or stationary condition will arise after a transitional period (steady-state oscillations). If these loads are applied in pulses or in brief periods. suddenly applied, the system capable of oscillation will lations. e.g. where a load is respond with transient2.10 Magnitudes of oscillation Each physical magnitude which changes over time as desezibed in sub-clause 2.1, e.g. deformations changing over time, loads, tensions, is designated a magnitude of oscillation. The differentials for the displacements ware t a Tetoc " ~ZE Velocity of oscillation (velocity) ay -EE- oscillation acceleration 2.11 Active end passive isolation (Vibration isoletion) Isolation is achieved when the objects to be protected is mechanically separated as far as is possible with the aid of resilentintermediate components (Isolating elements) from the exciter. The term ective isolation is used when the environment is shielded from the exciter. The term pessive isolation is used when a structure which is sensitive to vibration is shielded from mechanical excitation in the environment. 3. Predetermination of magnitudes of oscillation Where dynamic loads are to be taken into consideration when designing structures or parts of structures, the tensions, deformations and, where appropriate, dis— plecenents arising from these loads are to be demonstrated by means of 2 celcul- ation of vibration and are to be compared with the permissible reference velues which ere laid down in the appropriate specifications or specified as a result of the intended use of the building (see DIN 4150 Part 3 (Preliminary standard)). The effects of vibrations on humans are elso to be taken into consideration (see DIN 4150 Part 2 (Preliminary standard)). In many cases the dynamic loads are not sufficiently known end then the effects of these cen only be precisely assessed on the basis of subsequent measurenents (see DIN 4150 Part 2 (Preliminary standard) and Part 3 (Preliminary standard)). 3.1 Preliminary estimate on the basis of calculations For the purposes of the calculation of the loads on structures created by the dynanic loa@ing, the structure is represented as a mechanical equivalent systen consisting of elements of mass, resilience and dempening. If the marginal conditions cannot be clearly established, where necessary, several cases based on extrene conditions shall be calculated. Where the excitation forces act directly on the structure or parts of it, such es forces from machines acting on machine foundations, loads from bells on bell towers, the vibrations to be expected in the structure can generally be predicted in advence by cal~ culation. If periodic excitation loads are only mown according to their frequency band and not in their amplitude, it is on occasions necessary to make do with the detemminstion of the natural frequencies and to ensure that there is a safety margins between these and the excitation frequencies so that dangerous resonances ere avoided.If the exciter of vibrations is located outside the structure (machines in a neighbouring building, traffic, pile driving, blasting), the propegetion of excitation through the subsoil is also of significance. When considering the properties of the foundation when essessing a structure, it should be noted that the dynamic indices of the foundation differ greatly and furthermore depend on the design of the structure and of the type of excitation, 3.2 Preliminary estimate on the basis of experiment end experience In the case of structures for which a dynamic celoulation is only accessible with difficulty, in some cases it is possible to take measurenents fron models, according to the laws of similerity for dynamic values, in pertiouler for naturel frequencies. The effect of blasting and pile driving on structures which may be in danger can also be estimated from the effect of test explosions with small charges etc. or from reduced impact pile driving. 3.3 Spread of vibration Vibrations which are trensferred through the subsoil (amplitudes of oscillation acceleration, amplitudes of oscillation velocity and amplitudes of displacement). decrease with the increesing distance from the souzce of the vibration. In addition there is also a reduction in the amplitude of vibration as a result of absorption by the soil which, however, is of little significance in pertiowler in the immediate vicinity. The negitude of the reduction in vibration resulting from absorption by the soil is dependent on the wavelength of the waves in the soil and on the type of s Depending on the type of the sources and of its transfer to the soil, different types of waves, that is spatial waves (e.g. compression waves and transversal waves) and surface waves or combinations of these are created by the energy transferred into the soil from a source of vibration. These are charecterized ‘vy appropriate frequencies and velocities of dispersion end thus elso by appropriate wavelengths. Where the distances between the source of the vibrations end 4 neasuring point are small, e.g. in the case of blasting in urben street and underground railway construction less than about 100 m from the location of dlasting, the spacial waves, usually the compression waveris determinant for the = - effect on structures, in the case of greater distances; such as for example can de given in the case of blasting, the surface waves which have lover frequencies ut greater amplitudes of vibration in these distances than do spetial waves ere determinant. ‘To limit cases for the type of propagetion are usually considered for preliminary estimation, these are the case of uninpeded free propagation in ‘the half-space and propagation only along the surface. The conditions of propagation occuring in practice are almost always between these ‘two extreme cases. Propagation predominantly only along the surfece can occur for exemple if there is a clearly defined limiting layer in the soil profile with a great difference in density close to the surface of the soil and the source of vibration is located in the less densely packed soil. The theoretical dimimtion of the auplitudes of Vibretion with distance can be seen from figure 2. It can be used as a reference yalue for preliminary estimates for the immediate vicinity. In simple ceses e diminution factor of 1 is frequently taken into consideration to take account R of the absorption ty the soil. Ris the distance between the source of excitation Gna the reference point (reference dinension). More compr westigations exe necessazy if the subsoil is clearly divided, ground we e taken into consideration and if several sources of vibretion ere operating simi taneou:‘Amplitude A o 100 2 3 5 Distence Rin | ——~ Figaze 2. Decrease in the amplitudes of oscillation A (oscillation acceleration ~ oscillation velocity - displecement- amplitudes) with distance Rfrom a point source of vibration (zefezence distance R,= 10 = ) 4 General remarks on the measurenent of magnitudes of vibration Yagnitudes of vibration are determined es function of time by means of measurenent of vibration. Selection of the measuring points and the direction of measurenent Gs guided vy the vibration system and the problem definition. In the cese of steady-state vibrations the megnitudes of vibretion axe preferably to be measured at the point of greatest amplitude, in the case of transient vibrations measure- nents are preferebly made at geometrically identified points. Calibrated measuring instruments, which aze to be recalibrated et intervals of at most two years are to be used, The amplitudes are to be evaluated in accordance with the frequency renge occuring, It should be attempted to achieve phase tue neasurenent end simalteneous recording of several measuring points in order thet phase comparisons are possible and that deformation inages cen be recorded. Tnformation conceming the technical data of the measuring instrument, the point of meacurenent and the direction of measurement exe indispensable in the neesuring reports in consideration of date conpericon measurements. In each measuresent care is taken that the megaitudes to be measured are not influenced to any substantial extent by the meesuring equipment. The attached nasses of the neasuring device shall be small in comparison to the masses in movement. The measuring apparatus shall be firmly fixed to the object of neasuze- BONE ST Mout any sesilient intermediate layer. Where accelerations greater then 0,3 ¢ (g = acceleration due to gravity) are to be expected the measuring epperatus is to be fixed es securely as possible.5 Further standards Concepts in and references to this stendaré are to be found in the following standards and guidelines : DIN 1311 Fart 1 Vibration; Kinematic concepts DIN 1311 Part 2 Vibration; Simple vibrations DIN 1311 Part 3 Vibrations; Vibration systems with an infinite number of degrees of freedom DIN 1311 Part 4 Vibration; Vibrating constants, waves DIN 1520 Acoustics; Basic concepts DIN 1332 Acoustics; Formilae DIN 4024 Supporting structures for rotating machinery (preferred pier foundations for stean turbines) DIN 4149 Structures in German earthquake zones, Guidelines for desig end con- straction E DIN 45 661 Equipment for the measurement of vibrations; Concepts, characteristics, disturbances DIN 45 662 Characteristics of instruments for the measurement of vibration; Information required in type specifications DIN 45 664 Mounting of equipment for the measurement of vibration end testing for disturbing influences DIN 45 666 Instrument for measuring the intensity of vibration; Requirenents DIN 45 667 Classification methods for the evaluation of rendom vibretions DIN 45 668 Mountiigs for vibration pickups intended for monitoring large machinery WI 2056 Scales for the evaluation of nechenicel vibrations generated by machinezy WI 2057 Evaluation of the effect of mechanicel vibretions on the kunen being VDI 2062 Vibration insulation (at present still draft) Explanatory Notes The foreword to this standard noted that the specificetions in this standard have not yet been agreed in all points by qualified experts active in this field; thus this standard can only have the nature of a recommendation. This statement applies in particular to the following areas : Reference values The nunericel values contained in the graphs’ and tables in this stenderd are, as 2 rule, designated reference values in order to establish that these guide values ave not considered to be ultimately assured values, minimum or maximum values (limit values), but aze rather considered recomended values end if these are exceeded or not achieved it is not absolutely given that denage will occur which would adversely affect the stability or durebility of structures or would lead to considerable discomforto mman beings in the buildings, in particular in the case of residential buildings.Use value of structures ‘The reference values as DIN 4150 Part 3 (Preliminary stendard), Table 1, for instence, represent recomendations for the evaluation of the effect of short duration vibrations, where, if these values were maintained, no damege in the sense of 2 dim- imation in the use value of structures is to be anticipated, i.e. here too predominant concept is the influences on the stability and durability of structures. The extent to which other reference values are of significance, where, if these are maintained, damage in the sense of'sthetic defects" (cracks in plaster etc.) are not to be anticipated, renains undecided. The refezences to the generelly recomised rules in construction are also to be understood in this sense. Dispersion of vibration DIN 4150 Pert 1, sub-clause 3.3 makes a statenent regarding the dispersion of vibration. The global information given there is intended es a reference to the significance of the soil as a medium of transmission. The velues teken from figure 2 may only be used es a rough estimate. Any precise data necessary in the individ- ual case can be made on the basis of dynamic tests on soil. ‘The use of this stendard is intended to allow further experience on this subject to be gained in future years which will then be included in the final standard. TARIKH DIKEMBALIKAN (DATE DUE) Xx 22 SEP|IGBB “17 JAN 1992 | ~\ {" 534.85 + 534.292 + 615.644 + 699.84 DEVESCEE NORMEN 7 aera ration in Building aes Effects on humans in buildings Dain 4750 Part 2 FOR INFORMATION ONLY } In conjunction with DIN 4150 Part 1 ‘this is a.translated manuscript only and Part 3 land must under no circumstances be Supersedes DIN 4150 regarded 2s an official transiation {oF the relevant DIN. Standard. This Standard was prepered by the working group for uniform technical building specifications of the FNBau. preliminary standard is a standard the application of which is still abject to reservations. It is to be applied on an experimental basis. n thie particuler case the working group responsible held the view in ‘ts final deliberations concerning DIN 4150 Pert 2 that the impression het the specifications laid down here had already proved themselves in actice and were now to be considered final ought not to be aroused by je publication of a full standard. The specifications contained here ather still to be tested and the experience gained is to be considered t a regional and international level. Therefore the group’ decided that IN 4150 Part 2should first be published as a preliminary standard and hat the application of this preliminary standard only be recommended to @ appropriate bodies. | is intended to assess before +411 apply. 1978 whether these preconditions | as + is requested that practidg ehje gained with this preliminary tandard be passed on to Pachnormenausythuss Bauwesen, 1 Berlin 30, ostfach 3460. Ss This Standard contains rules and information for en appropriate consideration of protection ageinst vibration. It is concerned with the protection from vibration of the inhabitants and users of buildings in areas of differing use ), with the aim of avoiding considerable discomfort of humans in buildings, in particular in Gwellings. In principle, the amen being occupying buildings, in particular Gwellings, should be disconforted by vibretions as little es possible, This part of the standard is based on the intemational specifications in 180 2631 (1974-07-01) and on the guideline VDE 2057. 1 Field of application ‘This Stendard conteins information for the evaluation of vibrations in the frequency range from 1 to 80 Hz, which are transmitted to the human in buildings. It is applied to vibretions which are transmitted to the body from solid or resilient flexible surfaces (e.g, floors). Sinusoidal oscilletions, but also any kind of periodic and aperiodic oscillations can be evaluated with the assistance of the nethod of evaluation described in this standard. T) See cevised version of the regulation concerning the development of land (Lend Development Regulation - Bau NVO - dated 26.11.1968 (BGBLI p. 1237 + 1969 p. 11).2 Principles 2.1 Objective characteristics of vibration and discomfort The Giscomforture of the human body resulting from vibrations depends in particular on the following indices of vibration : = the magnitude of vibration in terms of displacenent , vibration velocity oz vibration acceleration, ~ the frequency, ~ the duretion of the effect, = frequency of the occurrence and the time of dey et which the vibration occurs and its conspicuousness (surprise effect). Furthermore the situation of the exposed person is of significance, such as for exemple : - the condition of health (physical and psychological), - his activity daring the exposure to vibration, ~ familiarity ané ° - position in relation to the generator of the vibration. a “Perceptible" vibretions are not desirable in rooms which are intended for permanent occupation by human beings. ‘The effects caused in human beings by vibrations are not only dependent on the intensity of the vibrations but also on other similtaneous effects such as noise, visible movement, audible rattling of objects, vibration of windows and doors ete. The method of evaluation described in this standard takes the discomfort into consideration in the manner described below. 4m intensity of perception KB applicable in buildings is determined from the magnitude of oscillation end the frequency of the vibrations. This KB value is compared with KB reference values which are classifiedaccording to location of effect in relation to the use of the environment for building purposes, according to the duration and the frequency of the effect and according to the tine of day of the occurrence. In this way both the influences of the customeri /') of the location and the time of the occurrence of the vibretions find an expression. In general there is no substantial discomfort to the person concerned if the KB velue does not exceed the reference values stated. No stetenents can be made here concerning the consequences for health and risks to the hunan organism as a result of the effects of vibration. 2.2 Intensity of perception KB dependent on structure This standard defines evaluation curves as the basis for an evaluation for the environmental situation of "Human beings in buildings". The intensity of the perception is a function of the magnitudes of oscillation. In the case of frequencies from 1 to 2 Hz it is proportional to the oscillation acceleration, in the frequency range over 8 Ez it is proportional to the velocity of oscillation; the end points at 2 and 6 Hz are connected via a streight line. For the practical application this line can be replaced approximately by a curve; the maximum deviation between the two is less than 1 aB¢). 2) See explenatory notes.) atinay ‘These curves are illustreted with KB as the parameter in figure 1 in e frequency- oscillation acceleration graph, in figure 2 ina frequency-oscillation velocity graph and in figure 3 in a frequency-displacement graph. 10° TT T IZ TAI T T 1 ° Eg KBE 4 D aA it | 5 13 f sl 2 F3 2 4 3 gf 3? g | 3 fe; F gee Sao ao o 10 ae & us 2 8 —& SF S 3 3 3 Bos 8 3 a a 3 i i 3 8 2 = g § 5 3 z 3 2 4 a 2 10% a 5 8 ° 10? 8 5 5 3 2 3 2 3 1074 + al 10 1 2 3 5 8 10 2m 0 SS 8 100 Frequency f in Hz Figare 1. Curves of identical intensities of perception KB on a frequency- oscillation acceleration graph 4od N a o Oscillation velocity (effective value) in om/g—— 10" Figure 2. Oscillation velocity (peak value) in mm/s ttt tg 3s - [dt Frequency fin Hz —__._ Curves of identical intensities of perception KB on a frequency-oscillation velocity graph oll TL HH 87Displacement (effective value) in mm_— 10" Figure E E “1 E 3. Displacement (Peak value) in mm = —=— 32 16 08 056 04 028 02 O16 o1 1°23 5 10 23 0 100 Frequency f in Hz = —= Curves of identical intensities of perception KB on a frequency-displacement graphThe waver cis. be calculated according to the following formlee : vI+ Or Beh Vit WP vf KB= wv — vi* Ge KB=a KB=0 Whew: a = Oscillation acceleration in n/s® “ v Oscillation velocity in m/s w Displacement (amplitude) in m £ = Frequency of oscillation in Hz £ 5,6 He (Reference frequency). ° Ifthe magnitudes of oscillation are measured as peak values 4, ¢, ®, the constan”~) are 2 1 mm/s # = 0.80: In the case of sinusoidal oscillations only, where the magnitudes of oscillation are measured as effective values a,c) Viper Were the identical KB value results 5 eft? Vers” “ert vhen the constants are employed. 1 1 Set” 28,65 att = O38 — 3 ett = 13 mm/s? The peak value is to be used as the basis for randomly periodic and aperiodic oscillations, since the determination of an effective value presupposes the specification of an integration time, which cannot yet at present be stated for oscilletion processes in structures. 5 Sources of vibration and prior estimation of the effects of vibration No generel statements can be made concerning vibrations which ean be caused by industrial operations. Even sinilay operations can generate very differing enissions of vibration depending on the foundation soil, on the height of the ground water level, on the nature of the transmission of the vibrations: into the foundation (subsoil) and on many other factors. The following sources can in particular generate emissions of vibration : Crushers, presses, dropworks, blasting, hammer plants, piston machinery (steam engines, compressors, pumps etc.), mills, presses, rams, reciprocating saws, shears, centrifuges,diestamps, road traffic, rail traffic, weaving machinery, centrifuges. If it is planed to erect structures intended for luman occupation in a vibration effected cone the effects of forsecoble vibrations can be estimated in advance ac described below.Before the comencenent of construction works vibration measurenents ere taken in the soil, In evaluating these it should be noted thet amplification of the oscillation magnitudes is to be expected in the house as a result of rescuance phenomena. The essential factors here are the naturel frequencies of residentiel Suildings in a horizontal direction which can,}e approximately estimated using the formilae for the number of floors f,% ~~ in Hz, where n is the number of floors (see DIN 4150 Part 3 (Preliminary standard)) and the natural frequencies of the flooring in the vertical direction which lie in the range of 10 Hz in the case of floors with very widely spaced anchorage up to around 30 Hz for floors in residential blocks which carry low loads and the anchorages of which are closely spaced, The amplification factors occuring as a result of resonance generally reach values of between 3 end 8. Amplification factors up to around 15 are elso occasionally observed in the case of steady state vibrations. 4 Notes on measurenent 4.1 Measuring appazetus Objective oscillation meters (oscillation acceleration meters, oscillation velocity meters or displacement meters) are used for measurements of vibration. It is preferable to use for the measurenent 2 measuring device which pemmits recording of the magnitude of oscillation (displacenent, oscillation velocity or oscillation accelezation) in the frequency range from 1 to 60 Hz with its course over time. Duddel oscillographs, line tracers, magnetic tape recorders etc. can be used as the recording apparatus. The oscillation meters (oscillation transducers) shall be non-positively connected to the point of neasurenent. 4.2 Points of measurenent Measurenents of the magnitudes of oscillation in the vertical direction should be taken from the floor of the room under investigation, and always at the points of greatest vibration. In the case of vibrations in the vertical direction this is usually in the midpoint of the floor. Measurement of the magnitude of oscillation in the horizontal dizection should be carried out in the region of the room to be investigated or tight on rising structure] components e.g. walls with door or window openings. ‘The least favourable case of vibration effects in the vertical or horizontal direction, i.e. the greatest magnitude of oscillation determined in any of the directions of measurement indicated is determinant for the assessment. If it is impossible to avoid measurements on floating screeds, floor coverings, carpets or similar, the measuring apparetus is to be structured in such a way as to permit recording of the oscillations of the floor so that any possible disturb- ance to humans in the room under investigation which may be caused by vibrations is appropriately registered. 4.3 Duration of measurement ‘The duration of measurement should cover the characteristic effects of vibration. Measuring results fron random conditions are to be marked as such. The duration of measurement is determined according to the regularity of the variation in vibrations over time end is generally brief in comparison to the duration of the effects. In the case of periodic vibrations the duration of measurement shoulé cover at least one typical vibration cycle.4.4 Evaluation of the recording The maximun magnitudes of oscillation (peak values) end the frequencies associated with these ere to be detemmined fron the recording and the KB value is te be deten: mined from this in accordance with sub-clause 2.2. 4.5. Measuring report The report of the measurement should contain information regarding the source generating the vibrations, the duration of measurement end place of measurenent end the conditions of dispersion of the vibrations (soil quality, ground water eto.) between the source of vibrations and the measuring point. The measuring Zesults Tecozded are to be stated along with a description of the measuring epperetus used. The annex contains a proposed layout of a measuring report. 5 assessment The KB value determined in accordance with cleuse 2 should not exceed the reference values as table 1 for residentiel buildings or comparable roons. 4 Ag @ rule the assessnent is based for the daytime on the period from 6 aun. to 10 prim, and for the night-tine on the period from 10 p.m. to 6 aun, unless other regulations apply because of local circumstances (c.g. at healthresorts), Mhere the reference values are maintained, generally speaking, considerable discomfort in buildings is avoided. Cangatily resent vibrations and vibrations occuring repeatedly with intexruptions (table 1, column 3) are vibrations which occur consecutively for more then 2 hours without oz even with brief interruptions. Rarely occuring vibrations (table i, colum 4) aze occasional, briefly acting events such as for example are caused by up to 3 explosions per ay. zn the case of very rarely occuring vibrations, such as are caused by up to 2 explosions per day, the reference values in colum 4 of table 1 for Gf cones (tine 3 in table 1) may be used in construction cones as lines 1 end? af seble 1, if Blasting is carried out éuring the dey outside periods of rest (6 a.m. to 7 am., 1 pm. to 3 p.m, 7 p.m. to 10 p.m.) with 2 prior warning, as long as ‘the determinant reference values as DIN 4150 Part 3 (Preliminary Standard), gre not exceeded, In the case of vitretions occuring during the day and iimitea to @ few days (e.g. vibrations caused ty pile-driving and blasting for constmaction Purposes, it is permissible to use reference velues in all construction sones which exceed the reference values as table 1, colum 4 by up to 2 times, os Jong as ‘the deteminant zeference velues es DIN 4150 Part 3 (Preliminary standard) ove not exceeded. Bven these values may be exceeded where special protective measures are taken,o~ Table 1, Refezence values for the assessment of vibrations in residential or similar areas 4 2 3 4 KB Reference values Constraction Zone ') Tine mous vibra-| rarely occurring 6 vibrations repeated with interruption Purely residential zone (wR) | day 0,2 (0,15)?) 4 1 | Genevel residential zone (ua Holidey home zone sw) 2 Small-scale low-rise nignt 0,15 (0,1)°) 0,15 development zone (ws) Village zone 1m)| day 0,3 (0,2)?) 8 2 | Mixed zone Ma Central zone MK)| night 0,2 0,2 Trading zone (ce) day 0,4 12 3. | (also office zone) night 0,3 0,3 4 Industrial zone (GI)} day 0,6 12 night 0,4 0,4 5 | Special zone (s0)] a. Depending on nature of dey 0,1 to 0,6 4 to 12 use and residential Z 4 proportion nignt She | enema 1) The construction zones are in accordance with the regulation concerning development of land (land development regulation - BauNVO -) dated 26.11.1968 (BGBL I p. 1237 and 1969 p. 11). If the actual development in the part of the structure affected by vibrations differs considerably from the develop- nents specified in the development plan, then the actual use of the building is to be used as the basis for calculation taking into consideration the Proposed development of the zone. 2) It is particularly important to attempt to maintain the values stated in brackets in the case of horizontal vibrations of buildings at frequencies ‘below eround 5 Ez.dnnex A Specimen leyout for a measurement report Institution + Recording Officer Time : (inte and tine of neasumenent) Nature of the vibrations 2) Source ) Operating conditions Place and location (Sketches stating heights) : 2) of the source of vibration b) of the points of the measurement, their direction of measurement and their distance from the source of vibration Environmental conditions : Subjective observations + Measuring chain : a) Trensducer, naturel frequency of the epparatus, dampening, transmission factor, working frequency range ) Intermediate elements c) Recording devices 4) Eveluation equipment Results of measurement : a) magnitudes of oscillation recorded and frequencies b) derived magnitudes of oscillation ¢) duration ané frequency of occurrence Signatures + e.g. Blasting (charge, ignition, mumber of blest holes, series etc.), e ériving (pile driving machinery, type of pile), Machine generated oscillations (speed of rotation, loading...), Vibrations caused “*7) traffic (tramway, lorries...) ~ e.g. external foundations in the basement, parallel to external well, information concerning connection of transducer e.g. Information concerning : Rock and soil type, ground water, structural condition of the ‘uildings, weather (frost, storm) other external vibrations where eppropriate, such as for example road traffic e.g. Description of the vibret: with regard to perceptibility, frequency, of occurrence, any structural damage caused, secondary effects such es rattling of windows, crockery etc. e.g. oscillation velocity trans- ducer, oscillation acceleration transducer, Gisplacenent trans- ducer e.g. filters, amplifiers e.g. magnetic tape, line recorders e.g. frequency analysers, computer.Explanatory Notes ith regard to the relationship between objective properties of oscillations and discomfort as in sub-clause 2.1 : Tt has previously not been possible clearly to assess the quantitative affects of subjective influences on discomfort. Individual responses can differ. Thus when 2 person is travelling in a vehicle (automobiles, railways, ships, aeroplanes) he is more prepared to accept unavoidable mechanical oscillations (vibrations). With regard to the intensity of perception KB as @ function of the structure as defined in sub-clause 2.2 : Curves of identical intensity of perception are defined in the International Standard ISO 2631 "Guide for the Evaluation of Human Erposure to Whole Body Vibration" (July 1974), this includes one graph for vibrations operating along the direction of the spinel colum of the human skeleton and another graph for vibrations which operate perpendicular to the spinal colum.. These graphe apply in particular for‘mumans in the standing and sitting position and also when leaning. Humans may adoptvarious different positions when in buildings, such as standing, reclining or sitting, and the vibrations operate both in the vertical and the horizontal direction (with relation to the axes of the building). in order to simplify the assessment of the discomfort to humans caused by vibrations in this environment, by making these independent of the direction of effect, the path of the evaluation graph is defined in the form of a single line. This single line is related to the graphs given in the ISO Standard quoted in the following manner : 1, In the frequency range above 8 Hz it is proportional to the velocity of oscillation and thus corresponds to the curve given for the z direction (longitudinal axis). 2, In the frequency range from 1 to 2 Ez its course conforms with the curve Gefined in the ISO Standard quoted for the x and y directions (perpendicular to the spinal column); it is proportional to the oscillation acceleration. Hunan response to vibrations at a frequency of 1 Hz operating perpendicular to the spinal colum (x or y direction), is more sensitive then for vibrations which operate in the z direction (longitudinal). At 1 Hz the factor for amplitudes of acceleretion oscillation as 180 2631 is e/a, or a./e, = 0,356. 3. The end points of the sections of the graph mentioned under 1 and 2 are joined with a straight line in the frequency range fron 2 to 8 Hz. Tims the evaluation curves defined in this standard cover the "most sensitive" perception with regard to the direction of transmitted vibration in the three frequency ranges between 1 and 80 Hz. According to previously evaileble date this applies in particular for the standing and sitting positions, whilst for the reclining position the values are less assured. The line drawn in the graphs 1 to 3 lies delow the 8 hour graph for the criterion "fatigue decreased proficiency boundary" for the x and y direction at frequencies from 1 to 2 Hz at 36 GB and at frequencies over 8 Hz around 36 dB for the 2 direction as published in ISO 2631. The "intensity of perception KB with relation to the structure" quoted in this standard is designeted by the vibration value V in many publications (e.g, Splittgerber, E.: On the discomfort caused by vibrations on humans in buildings Ges.-Ing. 94 (1973) No. 12, pp 354/61).HB velue epproximetely equal to (V value) x 0,1 applies. Regarding sub-clause 2.2 with reference to the characterization of magnitudes of vibration + Intemetional Standard ISO 2631 also uses the GB values in relation to magnitudes of oscillation in order to characterize magnitudes of oscillation with reference to a besic magnitude; these ratios are formed using the equation + s B=20x1e 50 in aB*) Where : S is one magnitude of oscillation Sy @ basic value for the magnitude of oscillation Tt was already noted in the foreword to this standard thet the specifications of this stendard ere not agreed to ell points by ell the qualified experts active in this field; thus this standard can only have the charecter of e recommendation, This statenent applies in particular to the following questions + Reference values ? ‘The mmericel velues contained in grephs and tables in this stenderd are generally designated reference values in order to make clear that these guide values are not ultimately assured values, minimum or maximum values (limit values) but are recomended values, and if these ere not maintained it is not certain that damage yill ocour, which would impair the stability or durability of structures or would give vise to considerable discomfort to Immans in buildings, in particular in awellings. Zone of the effect of vibrations DIN 4150 Part 2 (Preliminary Standard), clause 3, peragreph 4 refers to the pleming of structures in a zone of the effect of vibrations. The intention here is on the one hand, e.g. ona development plan, such zones are marked, so that the puilding patron mst begin to consider when plenning the structure which protective measures are necessary; on the other hand the building patron can also begin appropriate discussions if e structure which is causing vibrations hes already been erected in the vicinity of his property. In this wey subsequent ané often very costly protective measures can be avoided or limited in many Z cases. Obviously only the influences which can be estimated at the time of the erection of the structure can be taken into consideration, and not changes in the stresses as a result of changes in the source of excitation or structural changes in the zone between the source of excitement and the structure. Evaluation of vibrations in dwellings or compareble areas Nor was it possible for the working group to achieve a consensus concerning the specification of the reference values for the assessment of vibrations in Gvellings or comparable areas in DIN 4150 Part 2 (Preliminary Standard), Table 1, These requirements appeared to be not completely sufficient in particular +40 the experts from the environmental protection agencies. The times for day and night used as a basis for the application of Table 1 were also disputed. Thms for example it was pointed out that the Gneral Aiministrative Rules for Protection Against Construction Wise dated 19.8.1970 (annex to the Bundesanzeiger No 160 dated 1.9.1970) specify : "The period from 6 p.m. to 7 a.m ¥) aS (decibel) is not a mit conforming to DIN 1301 but is used to characterize logarithmic orders of size, see DIN 5493.ws wilst DIN 4150 Part 2 (Preliminary Stendard), to 6 aatdee is considered to be night-time" clause 5 gives the night-time as being from 10 p.m Tt ig intended that further experience will pe ,cespered in the next few years by means of the epplication of this standard S911 then be included in the final standard. TARIKH DIKEMBALIKAN (DATE DUE) 22 SEP|I988 17 JAN 1992 _\ UDC 534.83 : 534.647 : 699.84 DEUTSCHE NORM May 1986 Structural vibration in buildings Effects on structures Erschutterungen im Bauwesen; Einwirkungen aut bbauliche Aniagen Supersedes September 1975 edition In keeping with current practice in standards published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO),acomma hhas been used throughout as the decimal marker. DIN 4150 is divided into the following Parts: DIN 4150 Part 1 ‘Structural vibration in buildings; principles, predetermination and measurement ptvibration parameters DIN 4150 Part 2. Structural vibration in buildings; effects on humans in buildings DIN 4150 Part 3 Structural vibration in buildings; effects on structures Contents Field of application General procedure to be followed in the determination and evaluation of structural vibration 2.1 Principles 22. Determination of stress by measurement 23. Determination of stress by calculation 24 Permissible stresses 3. Short-term structural vibration 3.1. Evaluation of vibration ofthe structure as a whole 3.2. Evaluation of vibration of buliding components, especially floor vibration 1 Field of application This standard provides information required for the deter- ‘mination and evaluation of the effects of vibration on struc- tures designed primarily for static loading, where such infor- mationis not given in otherstandards and codes of practice such as in DIN 1072, DIN 4024,DIN 4025, DIN 4133,0IN 4149 Part 1, DIN 4178 and DS 804. It includes guideline values which. if complied with, wil not result in damage in terms of a reduction in the utility value of buildings. An impairment of the stability ofa structure or a building component and a reduction in the loadbearing capacity of floors are ‘examples of what is meant in this standard by reduction in utlity value due to the effects of vibration. In the case of structures as described In table 1, lines 2 ‘and 3,crack formation in the wall plaster, the enlargement of Cracks already present and the separation of partitions or intermediate walls from loadbearing walls are also ‘examples of a reduction in utility value. Such damage is also referred to in this standard as minor damage Guideline values for simplified and approximate evaluation are given for certain effects of vibration. DIN 45.669 Part 1 shall be observed when using the equip ment required for making measurements as described in this standard 2 General procedure to be followed in the determination and evaluation of structural vibration 21, Principles Clauses 3 to 5 specify methods of measuring and evaluat- ing amplitudes of displacement. 33. Special features 3.4 Guidance on measurement 4 Steady-state vi 4.1 Evaluation 42. Guidance on measurement 5 Steady-state vibration of building component, ‘especialy floor vibration 5.1 Evaluation 52. Guidance on measurement ation of the structure ‘Appendix A Specimen form for a record of measurement Where these methods are not adopted, then, for the pur- poses of assessing the effects of vibration, the dynamic stresses occurring in structures shall be determined by measurement or calculation and, taking the frequency of thelr occurrence into account, compared with the permis sible stresses. These methods are not suitable for the assessment of minor damage, ‘The indirect consequences of vibration due to dynamically Induced settlement and slip shall also be considered where necessary. 2.2 Determination of stress by measurement 2.21 By measuring the strain in the vibrating building ‘component, by applying the law of mass, the stresses pres- ent can be inferred. 2.2.2. Measurement of the path, velocity and acceleration enables the displacement amplitude and frequency of vibration to be determined and used as basic quantities in the calculation, 2.2.8 The stress imposed on beams and slabs which vibrate clase to resonance can be approximately deter- ‘mined by measurement of the displacement amplitude ang trequency or of the amplitude of velocity, provided that the ‘measurement is made at the point of maximum displace- ‘ment; the frequency shall aso be measured when measur- ing the amplitude of velocity. n this case, knowledge of the ‘boundary conditions and of the stiffness is not necessary for estimating the stresses (see clause 5). 2.8. Determination of stress by calculation ‘Where the influence of vibration on structures to be built can be foreseen, the effects of vibration shall be estimated Continued on pages 2 to 6 [Bouin Vorag GmbH Sein asthe cxcunwe igh osale fo German Sanaaras (ONNmem) DIN 4150 Parts Engl Price group 5Page 2 DIN 4150 Part 3 land taken into consideration in the design. DIN 4150 Part 1 ‘specifies the principles of predetermination of displace- ment amplitudes. The method described therein may also be used for existing structures. 2.4 Permissible stresses 2.4.1 For the stability analysis, the factors of safety speci- fied in the relevant standards and codes of practice shallin the case of additional dynamic stresses as described in subclause 2.2 or subclause 2.3, be taken into account, bearing in mind the nature ang duration of dynamic loading, the method of measurement, the properties of the building materials and the type of construction. 2.4.2 Where necessary, evidence of stability shall iso be provided as regards safety against fatigue failure. If endur- ance diagrams are available, they may be used to provide permissible limits of stress, displacement amplitudes, limits ‘of deformation and the like for the construction materials, building components and joints used, in terms of the num ber of stress reversals to be expected Accurate verification of safety against fatigue failure may be dispensed with if,for the stability analysis, the dynamic oad components are multiplied by a factor of 3 (fatigue factor), Verification of safety against fatigue failure is not required it the dynamic stress component is less than 10% of the per- missile static stress. 3. Short-term structural vibration 3.1 Evaluation of structural vibration of the structure as a whole Numerous measurements of the vibration velocity have provided empirical values which give guidance on the eval- vation of short-term structural vibration, which shall be based on the maximum values of the three components of the vibration velocity at the foundation, x (see sub- clause 3.4.1) x and y axes vibration of the floor of the uppermost full Storey also provides significant information for this evalu- ation, By measuring the vibration at this point (see sub- clause 3.4.3), the response of the structure tothe excitation applied to the foundation can be determined. Guideline values of 2 at the foundation and in the plane of the floor of the uppermost full storey are given in table tfor various types of buildings. These values are valid for vibra~ tion the frequency of which is of no significance where fati- ‘gue symptoms are concerned, and the intervals between whieh have no effect on resonance phenomena; in other cases, the methods described in clauses 4 and 5 shall be adopted Experience to date has shown that, provided the values ‘ven in table 1 are observed, damage due to vibration, in terms of @ reduction in the ulllty value (see clause 1), is likely to occur, If, however, damage is found, itis to be assumed that other causes are responsible for this damage. Ifthe values of table tare exceeded,t does not necessarily follow that damage will occur Should these values be signif- icantly exceeded, further investigation is necessary. ‘The classtication into the frequency ranges shown in table + shall be based on that frequency which occurs within the relevant vibration velocity range, special care being neces- ‘sary in the measurement of low frequencies. 3.2. Evaluation of vibration of building components, especially floor vibration Hin the case of short-term vibration, floors vibrate, then, where v does not exceed 20mm/s as measured in the 2 direction at the point of maximum vibration velocity, which ig usually at the centre of the floor,a reduction inthe utility value of the floors is not to be expected. 3.3 Special features For the purposes of this standard, the effects of vibration caused by vibratory hammers and vibrators are not to be regarded as short-term effects. Because this is a case of steady-state excitation, and because resonance phenom- ‘ena and fatigue symptoms can occur in floors and walls, they shall be dealt with in accordance with clauses 4 and 5. Table 1._Guldetne values of vibration velocity, fr evaluating the effects of short-term vibration 1 ‘Vibration velocity, 2;,in mm/s Prane of oor of Foundation Line Type of structure uppermost Ata requency of tess than Frequency 10 to 50Hz | 50 to 100*)Hz inte Bulsings use for commercial purposes, 1 | nostra! butings and buildings of nora | 401050 “0 similar design Dwelings and bulcings of sii a design and/or use a Boe 6 Structures thet, because of thet particular senitty to vibration, do not correspond to those iste in nes 8 1and 2 and are of great intrinsic value coe B10 10 8 {ete bulngs that are unger @ reservation order) ~) For frequencies above 1000 atleast the values spectied inthis column shall be applied60 mais DIN 4150 Part 3 Page 3 Vibration velocity, 3, —= 80 Hz 100 Frequency —— Figure 1. Curves representing the vibration velocity as a function of frequency for the “Foundation” column values as in table 1 3.4 Guidance on measurement 3.4.1. When measuring vibration at the foundation, the transducers for the three axes of vibration shall be placed close to one another in the lowest storey of the building under investigation, either on the foundation of the outer wall or in the outer wall, or in recesses in the outer wall For buildings having no basement, the point of measure ‘ment shall lie not more than 0.5m above ground level Measuring points shall preferably be located on the side of the building facing the source of excitation. Vibration as a function of time shall be measured for the x,y and z direc- tions,one direction of measurement being parallel to one of the side walls ofthe building. In the case of buildings oflarge ‘ground area, measurements shall be taken simultaneously at several points 3.4.2. In addition to measurements taken at the founda tion and to those at the uppermost storey, zaxis vibration of floors, where necessary measured approximately at the ‘centre of the floor area, shall be included in the evaluation (see also subclause 32) 3.4.8 When measuring the x and y axes vibration of the floor of the uppermost full storey, the transducers shall be placed in,or close to,the outer masonry. They shall be set up In the x and y directions, one direction of measurement being parallel to one of the side walls of the building. 3.4.4 A record of measurement similar to the specimen form shown in Appendix A shall be prepared. 4 Steady-state vibration of the structure 4.1 Evaluation With continuous horizontal vibration at velocities up to ‘Smmis, measured in the uppermost storey, no damage, in terms of a reduction in utlity value, and also no minor ‘damage has been observed in “buildings used for commer- cial purposes, industrial buildings and buildings of similar design’ and in‘dweliings and buildings ofsimilar design and/or use" in the light of experience to date, such damage isnot in any case to be expected. No such data is available for “structures which, because of their particular sensitivity to vibration, do not correspond to the above types of building ‘and are of great intrinsic value" (the types of building corre ‘spond to those listed in table 1). ifthe above velocity valueis ‘exceeded, it does not follow that damage is inevitable, rather the circumstances of the particular case shall be taken into account. Should this value be greatly exceeded, the stresses shall be determined, using the methods de- seribed in subclauses 22 and 2.3,and evaluated in accord- ance with subclause 2.4. In the case of multi-storey portal structures, the dynamic stress component can also be determined from the relative displacement of the ends of the vertical members. 4.2 Guidance on measurement Ia building is subjected to harmonic vibration, simultaneous ‘measurements shall be made in more than one storey, in order correctly to establish the shape of the vibration, ‘Normally, measurement in the uppermost storey wil suffice ‘where vibration in the lowest natural frequency is involved, Fora rough estimate of the lowest natural frequency ofhor zontal vibration in multi-storey buildings with about five or ‘more storeys, the following formula may be used fn Sine, where m indicates the number of storeys. When evaluating x and y axes vibration ofthe structure as a whole, in some cases the possible rotational movements in the plane of the storey and the possible largely stress-free) rigid body movernents shall be taken into account ‘A record of measurement similar to the specimen form shown in Appendix A shall be preparedPage 4 DIN 4150 Part 3 5 Steady-state vibration of building components, especially floor vibration 54 Evaluation In the case of vibration of building components such as vibration of storey tloors and walls, the dynamic loading can be determined by using the methods described in sub- clauses 2.2.1 and 2.2.2. Inthe case of bending vibration close to resonance,such es often occurwhen floors are subject tolarge vibration ampli- tudes, the additional dynamic stress can be approximately determined by using the method outlined in sub- clause 2.23, which is described in further detail below. In the case of girders and uniaxially stressed slabs of full rectangular cross section, constant stiffness and uniform distribution of mass, irrespective of the dimensions of the system, the following relationship between the maximum bending stress, dias, and the peak value of the vibration velocity, nex Shall apply to vibration at resonance: Sax = 1.73 VEGym = + | aE By Bae ee OT Gane where Brpax = Dax * Op IS the peak value of vibration velocity along the length of the beam; Bax" is the peak value of displacement; ©, ig the angular resonance frequency ~ angular frequency of source of excitation; Eayn is the elastic modulus of the material (@ynamic); e |s the material density; is the coetficient of loading where the girder is stressed by other evenly dis- tributed leads in addition to its self G, Geatnen weight Goes is the self weight of the girder including ‘other loads; ty is the eigenvalue (dimensionless). ‘i, isa function of the marginal conditions and the order of ‘the eigenvalue, both of which exert only slight influence, as in all technically significant cases, the value of ky, lies be- tween 1 and 1,3. ‘The bending stress so obtained shall be considered to represent an upper limiting value in the case of biaxially essed slabs. Experience has shown that vibration velocities up to 0mm/s do not give rise to damage, even f full use is made of the stresses permissible for static design. Such vibration is very clearly perceptible. it may not be assumed that, slight damage as defined in clause 1is to be attributed in all ceases to the dynamic load, rather the individual circum- stances shall be investigated. 5.2 Guidance on measurement Floor resonance frequencies generally lie above 10Hz. In ‘most cases, only the z axis vibration isto be considered; it shall be measured at the point of maximum displacement, which is usually at the centre of the floor. A record of measurement similar to the specimen form shown in ‘Appendix A shall be prepared, *) wist the symbol usually denoting the deflection of the girderDIN 4150 Part 3 Page S Appendix A ‘Specimen form for a record of measurement Testing agency: Test carried out by: - Date and time of measurement: 1. Type of vibration: 4) Vibration generator ) Operating conditions 2. Site and location (sketches with details of height a) of the source of vibration ») of the measuring points, and their distance from the source of excitation, directions ‘of measurement 3. Environmental conditions: 4. Subjective observations: 5. Measuring system: 2) Transducers, pick-ups, resonance frequency of instruments, damping coefficient, trans- missibiity, operating frequency range b) intermediate elements ©) recording equipment 4) evaluation aids 6. Results of measurement: 8) Measured vibration magnitudes and frequencies b) derived vibration magnitudes ©) duration and frequency of effects Signatures: Blasting (charge, firing, number of fill holes, series, ete); com- action (compacting equipment, compacting material); vibration caused by machinery (speed, load ...); vibration due to tratfic (trams, lorries...) ete External foundation surface, at basement parallel to the outside level, wall details of instalation, et, Details of rack and soil, round water, structural condition of bulld- ings, weather conditions (frost, storm) and, where appropriate, other ‘sources of vibration such as road traffic, et. Description of vibration in terms of detectability, frequency, existing damage to buildings, secondary effects such as rattling of crockery, windows, ete Vibration velocity pick-ups, vibration acceleration pick-ups, to measure displacement amplitude ick-ups Filters, amplifiers, ete. Magnetic tape, continuous recorders, etc. Frequency analyzers, EDP, ete.Page 6 DIN 4150 Part 3 Standards and other documents referred to DIN. 1072 Road and foot bridges; design loads DIN. 4024 Supporting structures for rotary machines (especially pier foundations for steam turbines) DIN. 4025 Foundations for anvil hammers; guidance on design and construction DIN. 4133, Steel chimneys; structural design and construction DIN. 4149 Part 1 Buildings in German earthquake zones; design loads, dimensioning, design and construction of conven- tional buildings DIN. 4150 Part 1 Structural vibration in buildings: principles, predetermination and measurement of displacement arp tude DIN. 4178 Bell towers; design and construction DIN 45669 Part 1 Measurement of immissions due to vibration; requirements to be met by vibration meters Ds 804") Code of practice for railway bridges and other engineering structures Previous editions DIN 4150: 0739. DIN 4150 Part 8: 0975. Amendments ‘The following amendments have been made in comparison with the September 1975 edition. 42) Practical experience gained in the application of the preliminary standard has been taken into account. ) Guideline values as a function of the frequency at which damage, in terms of a reduction in uly value, does not occur, have been given to assist in evaluating the effects of vibration. ©) The peak value of the resultant vibration velocity is no longer used as a criterion of evaluation; itis replaced by the maximum value of the x,y and z axes vibrations. 4) Fora more accurate evaluation, measurements shall now also be taken inthe plane ofthe floor of the uppermost fullstorey, in addition to that to be taken at the foundation, Explanatory notes ‘As a ule, vibration Is transmitted through the ground. It normally decreases with the distance trom its source. For this reason, its effects can be reduced by increasing the distance from the centre of excitation. A-borne vibration is @ factor to be con sidered in special cases only Vibration can be most effectively reduced by measures taken at the source of excitation. Such measures are more effective.it the foundation lies above ground water level. Steady-state vibration is caused mainly by machinery. The excitation forces can be diminished by balancing. The effect of the excitation forces on the structure can, in the case of excitation frequencies above about SHz,be reduced by providing ‘adequate insulation, such as springs or dampers. In the case of excitation frequencies below about 5 Hz, rigid support andrigid Gesign are desirable. Excitation frequencies between 20 and SOHz call for special care in regard to positioning of the foundation in the subsoil, seeing that foundations often tend to vibrate close to resonance. The effects of vibration due to site tratfic can be diminished by b surfaces, Vibration caused by blasting can be restricted by appropriate blasting methods.the most important factorbeing the size of the charge for each ignition stage. Vibration caused by vibratory equipment,rammers and hammers can often be reduced by altering the operating conditions of ‘such equipment; however, such modifications to the equipment usually result in a loss of efficiency and, consequently, in & longer period of operation. The effects on structures to be protected against vibration caused by resonance can be reduced by adequate tuning. How= ever stiffening of the structure as a whole or of @ buliding component, or the fitting of adaitionel materials,is usually very Costly. Passive insulation and the provision of absorbers are also to be deemed protective measures. ‘Where the foundation may be susceptible to differential settlement, adequate measures are to be taken to strengthen the foundation accordingly, €., by sinking deep foundation. snced and steady operation of vehicles andby smooth road International Patent Classification E048 1/98 E0aG 21124 Grok 1116 +) Obtainable from the Drucksachenverweltung der Deutschen Bundesbahn (Stationery Department of the German Federal Railways), Hinterrm Hauptbannhot 2a, 0-7500 Karlsruhe.