03 OptiX RTN 900 Networking Application and Protecion PDF

OptiX RTN 900 Networking Application and Protection P-0
 Content
1. OptiX RTN 900 Networking Application ............................ Page 2
2. Protection Technologies in OptiX RTN 900 ...................... Page 11
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 Understanding the classification of the services is important for the data configuration
or planning in OptiX RTN 900 network.
 The networking application is related to the service types and also affect the network
protection technology selection.
 The protection technologies are important for the operators in the data configuration,
routine maintenance and troubleshooting, etc.
 For the OptiX RTN 900 planner, be aware of the protection technology features are
also the basics for the networking planning.

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 Chapter one will describe the OptiX RTN 900 networking application, including the
location of OptiX RTN 900, equipment hardware configuration and also the
interconnection with other products.
 Chapter two introduces the features and applications of protection technologies which
used in the OptiX RTN 900 network.

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 OptiX RTN 900 equipment can be used to form the four types of the network
topologies as shown in above figures.
 In general, the ring network has good reliability, for two frequency system, number of
the stations in the ring should be even, because of the high and low station
arrangement.
 The chain network is the common topology and easy to fit the networking requirement.
A few of the chain networks form the star or the tree networks. The central stations in
the star and tree networks are the pivotal stations with a few of microwave directions.
 The high station ( Primary station) : transmitting frequency higher than receiving
frequency.
 Low station (Non-primary station) : transmitting frequency lower than receiving
frequency.
 The high station and the low station are usually arranged alternately in the double-
frequency radio link.

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 In the tree network, the ordinary link can adopt the 1+0 non-protection configuration
while the important link adopts the 1+1 protection configuration.
 In the case of aggregation links, the SDH/PDH/Hybrid(E1+Ethernet) radio link with the
appropriate air-interface capacity can be established. According to the capacity of the
aggregation links, and the SDH/PDH/hybrid radio links are configured in 1+1
protection mode. In addition, by configuring the N+1 protection of the SDH links, the
service capacity between two stations can be improved to NxSTM-1s .
 By using the multidirectional microwave convergence capacity of OptiX RTN 900, the
multi-hop microwave convergence transmission of the nodal station can be realized.

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 Because of the different capacity of RTN900, according to the number of services, we

can choose them for networking flexibly.
 Depending on the service types, we may configure the PDH, SDH or hybrid
microwave by choosing the corresponding control & switch boards.

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 In the Hybrid microwave transmission solution wherein the ring networking is the
basic networking form, the SNCP is used to protect the E1 services on the microwave
ring, and the ERPS is used to protect Ethernet services on the microwave ring.

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 The SDH radio ring networking has a special form. That is, when the OptiX RTN 900
is used to establish an STM-1 radio link, the OptiX RTN 900 and the optical
transmission equipment form the hybrid ring network of optical fibers and microwaves.
The ring network also uses the SNCP to protect the services on the ring.

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 Both of the IDU 910 and IDU 950 can be used to form the ring topology. When the
large service capacity and future expansion was request, it is recommend to use the
IDU 950.

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 Answer to Question
 NE A connects to RNC, all the services are centralized by NE B, and
transmitted to NE A, so the microwave link which is between NE A and NE B
is key link, the 1+1 protection for hop between A and B should be performed
firstly.

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 Chapter two introduces the features and applications of protection technologies which
used in the OptiX RTN 900 network.

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 The 1+1 HSB protection can provide protection for the equipment when the IF board
or the ODU failed.
 In the 1+1 HSB configuration, the standby ODU is in mute state and does not transmit
the RF signals. The cross-connection&packet switching board receives the services
of main IF board.
 The signals sent from the service board are transmitted to the active and standby IF
boards through the cross-connection board dual transmitter and receiver, and then
transmitted to the active and standby ODUs respectively. However, only the active
ODU transmits the RF signal to the hybrid coupler and transmitted through the
antenna.
 The RF signals received from the antenna are transmitted to the active and standby
ODU respectively through the hybrid coupler, and then transmitted to the active and
standby IF boards. The active and standby IF boards transmit the signals to the
cross-connection&packet switching switching board respectively. The cross-
connection&packet switching switching board receives the services of active IF board
and transmits the services to the service board.
 When the HSB switch exits, the active ODU is in the mute state and the standby ODU
enables the transceiver function.
 The cross-connection&packet switching switching board selects the services of
standby IF board.
 The cross-connect unit realizes the HSB switching on the TDM plane by dually
transmitting and selectively receiving the TDM service. The packet switching unit
realizes the HSB switching on the packet plane through the LAG switching.

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 Trigger conditions of the automatic 1+1 HSB switching : hardware fault of the IF unit,
the hardware fault of the ODU, POWER_ALM,VOLT_LOS (IF board),
RADIO_TSL_HIGH,
RADIO_TSL_LOW,RADIO_RSL_HIGH,IF_INPWR_ABN,CONFIG_NOSUPPORT,R_
LOC, MW_LOF,MW_RDI,Fault on the IF connection cable,R_LOF,R_LOS (IF1)
 Protection Type:The 1+1 HSB protection is classified into the revertive mode and the
non-revertive mode.
 Revertive mode
 When an NE is in the switching state, the NE releases the switching
and returns to the normal state if the former working channel is
restored to normal for a certain period. The period from the time when
the former working channel is restored to normal to the time when the
NE releases the switching is called the wait-to-restore (WTR) time. To
prevent frequent switching events because the former working channel
is not stable, it is recommended that you set the WTR time to 5 to 12
minutes.
 Non-revertive mode
 When an NE is in the switching state, the NE remains the current state
unchanged unless another switching event occurs even though the
former working channel is restored to normal.

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 Because of the multi-path fading, the 1+1 SD installing the main and standby
antennas in different positions to protect the transmission channel.
 One site has two antenna with two ODUs on the same frequency. But the standby
ODU is mute. The standby antenna just receives the signal from the main antenna in
remote site through the different space route with the main antenna.
 If the multi-path fading of the main antenna in the main space route is serious, the
local site still can switch to the standby antenna.

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 The figure shows the system structure in one site.

 In the 1＋1 SD configuration, the standby ODU is in the mute state and does not
transmit the RF signals. The cross-connection&packet switching board receives the
services of the active IF board.
boards through the cross-connection&packet switching board dual transmitter and
receiver, and then transmitted to the active and standby ODUs respectively. However,
only the active ODU transmits the RF signal to the hybrid coupler and the signals are
transmitted through the antenna.
 Two antennas receive RF signals and transmit the signals to active and standby ODU
respectively, and then to the active and standby IF boards. And the signals are
transmitted to the cross-connection&packet switching board. The cross-
connection&packet switching board receives the services of active IF board and then
transmits the services to the service board.
 Two IF boards transmit the services to peer board respectively. In normal conditions,
the IF board receives the services of local board.
 In the SD configuration, when the HSM switch exits, the active IF board receives the
services sent from the peer board.
 After the HSM switch, the service route in the reception direction is: from the standby
antenna to standby ODU, to the standby IF board, to active IF board, and then to
service board through the cross-connection board.

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 The 1+1 FD uses the fading feature diversities between the signals of different
frequencies in the space transmission to protect the active and standby channels in
the microwave transmission.
 One site has one antenna with two ODUs on different frequency. The antenna
receives both frequency signals from the antenna in remote site.
 In case of the frequency selective fading occurred and caused main frequency signal
degrade, the local site still can switch to use the standby frequency signal.

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 The figure shows the system structure in one site.

 In the 1＋1 FD configuration, both active and standby ODUs are in working state and
transmit RF signals of different frequencies. The cross-connection&packet switching
board receives the services of active IF board.
boards through the cross-connection&packet switching board, and then send to the
active and standby ODUs respectively. The RF signals of 2 frequencies are send to
the antenna via hybrid coupler .
 The RF signals received from the antenna send to 2 ODUs via coupler. The ODU
filter out the corresponding frequency signal and converts it into IF signal, then send
the IF signals to IF board. IF board send the signals to cross-connection&packet
switching board. The cross-connection&packet switching board select the services of
active IF board and then transmits the services to the service board.
 Two IF boards transmit the services to peer board respectively. In normal conditions,
the IF board receives the services of local board.
 After the 1+1 FD switch, the active IF board select the services from peer board.
 After the 1+1 FD switch, the service route in the reception direction is: from the
antenna to the standby ODU through the hybrid coupler, to the standby IF board, to
the active IF board, and then to the service board through the cross-
connection&packet switching board.
 after the HSB switch, the cross-connection&packet switching board receives the
services of standby IF board, and the standby IF board receives the services of local
board.

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 For those 1+1 SD and 1+1 FD are all be called as hitless switch (HSM). Normally, the
HSM is cooperated with the 1+1 HSB. If the HSM switching (channel switching) failed,
the HSB (equipment switching) with take place.
 Trigger conditions of the automatic HSB switching: MW_LOF, R_LOS, R_LOC,
R_LOF, MW_FECUNCOR, MW_BER_SD
 Both the revertive mode and non-revertive mode are related only to the HSB
switching (switching on the equipment side). In the case of the HSM switching
(switching on the channel side), regardless of whether the revertive mode, the IF
board attempts to perform a revertive switching action periodically after the HSM
switching occurs.
 In the case of the HSB switching, the services are interrupted within the HSB
switching time (less than 200 ms). In the case of the HSM switching, the service is not
affected because the HSM switching is hitless. When the AM function is enabled, the
standby channel works in modulation mode for ensuring capacity after the HSM
switching occurs. Hence, services of a lower priority are damaged.

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 Answer:
Dual Slots NO. of HSB HSM Reverse

Protection Scheme
limitation Antenna Switching Switching Switching
1+1 HSB No 1 Yes No Yes
1+1 SD Yes 2 Yes Yes Yes
1+1 FD Yes 1 Yes Yes No

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 In OptiX RTN 900, the microwave N+1 protection has the limitation as:
 Supported by both SDH and hybrid microwave links,but not supported SDH &
hybrid mixed.
 For the limitation of dual-polarized antenna, ODU should be separated
mounted.
 There should at least one IF board be the working or protection board in N＋1
protection group.
 In OptiX RTN 900, Microwave N+1 protection adopts dual ends revertive switching
mode:
 When the switching happened, the working service switched into protection
channel in both two directions.
 In the switched status, after the working channel recovered for some time,
working service in the protection channel will switch back to the original
working channel automatically. The delay time from working channel
recovered to service restore back is WTR (Wait To Restore) time. Usually be
set from 5 to 12 minutes to avoid the frequently switch over and restoration
when the working channel still not stable.
 The switching time for microwave N+1 protection is less than 50ms. And after
switching, the extra service previously in the protection channel will lost.
 N working channels and one protection channel are provided for the TDM services
that are transmitted on the SDH microwave or Hybrid microwave and are configured
with the N+1 protection. When a working channel is faulty, the normal services on this
working channel are switched to the protection channel. When all the working
channels are normal, the protection channel can be used to transmit extra services.
 In the case of Ethernet services on the Hybrid microwave, the N+1 protection
distributes the service traffic onto each link of a LAG according to the load sharing
algorithm of the LAG. When a link fails, the packet switching unit distributes the
services on the failed link to the other normal links.
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 Signal failure (SF):The SF condition on the working channel enables services to be

switched to the protection channel.
 In the case of N+1 protection for the SDH microwave, when there is the
MW_LOF, R_LOC, R_LOF, R_LOS,MS_AIS, or B2_EXC alarm on the
working channel, or when the hardware of an ODU or IF board is faulty, the SF
switching is triggered.
 In the case of N+1 protection for the Hybrid microwave, when there is the
VOLT_LOS (reported on the IF board), RADIO_TSL_HIGH,
RADIO_TSL_LOW, RADIO_RSL_HIGH, R_LOC, R_LOF, MW_LOF,
MW_BER_EXC, BIP_EXC, or MW_FECUNCOR alarm on the working
channel, or when the hardware of an ODU or IF board is faulty, the SF
switching is triggered.
 Signal degradation (SD):The SD condition on the working channel enables services
to be switched to the protection channel.
 In the case of N+1 protection for the SDH microwave, when there is the
B2_SD alarm on the working channel, the SD switching is triggered.
 In the case of N+1 protection for the Hybridmicrowave, when there isthe
MW_BER_SD or BIP_SD alarm on the working channel, the SD switching is
triggered.

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 The working source and the protection source can be optical lines or radio links. The
working source and the protection source can be of different types. The service sink
can be any line, tributary, or IF.
 The OptiX RTN 950 supports a maximum of 12 higher order SNCP groups and a
maximum of 756 lower order SNCP groups.
 The OptiX RTN 910 supports a maximum of 6 higher order SNCP groups and a
maximum of 378 lower order SNCP groups.
 The SDH/PDH microwave, TDM service in hybrid microwave, and STM-1 optical
transmission link all support the SNCP.
 The SNCP is classified into the revertive mode and the non-revertive mode.
 Revertive mode
 When an NE is in the switching state, the NE releases the switching
and returns to normal state if the former working channel is restored to
normal for a certain period. The period from the time when the former
working channel is restored to normal to the time when the NE
releases the switching is called the WTR time. To prevent frequent
switching events because the former working channel is not stable, it is
recommended that you set the WTR time to 5 to 12 minutes.
 Non-revertive mode
 When an NE is in the switching state, the NE remains the current state
unchanged unless another switching event occurs even though the
former working channel is restored to normal.

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 SNCP Switching Conditions

 VC-4 Services
 Default condition: Hardware fault on the IF board and line board,
R_LOS, R_LOF, R_LOC, MS_AIS, B2_EXC ,AU_LOP, AU_AIS,
HP_LOM, MW_LOF, MW_LIM .
 Optional condition: B3_EXC B3_SD HP_TIM HP_UNEQ
 Lower Order Services
 Default condition: Hardware fault on the IF board and line board,
R_LOS, R_LOF, R_LOC, MS_AIS, B2_EXC ,AU_LOP, AU_AIS,
HP_LOM, MW_LOF, MW_LIM ,TU_AIS ,TU_LOP
 Optional condition :LP_UNEQ ,LP_TIM ,BIP_SD,BIP_EXC
 E1 services transmitted over the Hybrid microwave
 Default condition: Hardware fault,E1_AIS, R_LOF ,R_LOC,
MW_LOF ,MW_LIM ,MW_BER_EXC
 The optional conditions in the preceding alarms can be the trigger condition of the
automatic SNCP switching only after you set automatic switching conditions on the
NMS. By default, the optional conditions do not trigger automatic SNCP switching.

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 The Linear Multiplex Section Protection (LMSP) is used for point to point topology to
provide the protection between two SDH fiber nodes.
 The 1+1 linear MSP requires one working channel and one protection channel. When
the working channel becomes unavailable, services are switched to the protection
channel for transmission.
 The OptiX RTN 950 supports a maximum of six 1+1 linear MSP groups.
 The OptiX RTN 910 supports a maximum of three 1+1 linear MSP groups.

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 The 1:N linear MSP requires N working channel(s) and one protection channel.
Normal services are transmitted on the working channel, and extra services are
transmitted on the protection channel. When a working channel becomes unavailable,
the services on this channel are switched to the protection channel for transmission.
As a result, the extra services that are previously transmitted on the protection
channel are interrupted.
 The OptiX RTN 950 supports a maximum of six 1:N (N≤11) linear MSP groups.
 The OptiX RTN 910 supports a maximum of three 1:N (N≤5) linear MSP groups.

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 Single-ended Switching
 In single-ended switching mode, the switching occurs only at one end and the
state of the other end remains unchanged.
 Dual-ended Switching
 In dual-ended switching mode, the switching occurs at both ends at the same
time.
 The OptiX RTN 900 supports the following linear MSP modes:
 1+1 single-ended revertive mode
 1+1 single-ended non-revertive mode
 1+1 dual-ended revertive mode
 1+1 dual-ended non-revertive mode
 1:N dual-ended revertive mode

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 The 1:N dual-ended revertive mode performs switching according to the MSP
protocol of linear MSP specified in ITU-T G.841.The 1+1 dual-ended mode uses the
protocol that is compatible with the 1:N mode. The switching in 1+1 single-ended
mode does not use protocols.
 When there is the R_LOC, R_LOF, R_LOS, MS_AIS, or B2_EXC alarm on the
working channel, the SF switching is triggered.
 When there is the B2_SD alarm on the working channel, the SD switching is triggered.

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 The ERPS is used in the ring topology to protect the Ethernet packet service. In normal
status, one port on the RPL (ring protection link) owner is blocked, thus avoid the loop
in the Ethernet service routes. When the fault take place on the ring except the
blocked RPL, the port block on the RPL owner will be released, and Ethernet service
will be transmitted through this route.
 The ERPS supports only revertive mode, and wait-to-restoration time can be set from
5 to 12 minutes.
 The switching time for ERPS is less than 100ms.
 The OptiX RTN 900 supports the ERPS scheme that is based on an Ethernet ring
consisting of FE or GE links or based on an Ethernet ring consisting of radio links.
 The figure shows a protection instance of the ERPS. The protection instance of the
ERPS refers to an Ethernet ring that runs the ERPS protocol. On this Ethernet ring,
the Ethernet ring node, ring link, ring protection link (RPL), RPL owner, and east (E)
ports and west (W) ports at each Ethernet ring node are defined.
 An RPL refers to a link on an Ethernet ring service channels of which are blocked
when this Ethernet ring is normal. Only one RPL is available on one Ethernet ring.
 An RPL owner refers to an Ethernet ring node located at one end of an RPL. The RPL
owner is marked with the RPL owner ring node label. When an Ethernet ring is
normal, the RPL connection point on the RPL owner is blocked to prevent the service
channels from forming loops.
 A ring port is an RPL connection point on an Ethernet ring node. A ring port can be an
FE port, a GE port, or a radio port. The OptiX RTN 950 does not support Ethernet
tangent rings or Ethernet intersecting rings. That is, different protection instances of
the ERPS cannot contain one or more same ring ports. Consider figure as an
example. Generally, the port on an Ethernet ring node for transmitting counter-
clockwise services is an east ring port, and the port on the same Ethernet ring node
for receiving counter-clockwise services is a west ring port.

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 NR: No request
 RB: RPL Blocked

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 The LAG aggregates multiple physical links to form a logical link that is at a higher
rate to transmit data. Link aggregation functions between adjacent equipment. Hence,
link aggregation is not related to the architecture of the entire network. Link
aggregation is also called port aggregation because links correspond to ports one to
one on an Ethernet.
 the LAG provides the following functions:
 Increased bandwidth
 Increased availability
 The services are distributed to all the members in the LAG group for transmission.
 Each LAG group supports up to 16 members.
 LAG supports 2 working modes:
 Static mode: Start the LACP（Link Aggregation Control Protocol）protocol.
 Manual mode: Doesn’t start the LACP protocol.
 Compared to the manual mode, the static mode has the following advantages:
 Detecting the incorrect connection of the port
 Detecting the port loopback
 Detecting the fault of a single fiber
 Generally, the manual mode is adopted only when the opposite station does not
support the LACP protocol.

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 Normally, services are transmitted at the working port only. The protection port does
not transmit any services.
 Each LAG group can be configured with two members to achieve the 1:1 protection
mode.
 This mode applies to both the user side and the network side.
 This mode can guarantee the QoS feature of the user.

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 In the LAG, ports are classified into the main port and slave port.
 Main Port
 The main port represents a logical port aggregated by ports of the LAG. The
main port has the following features:
 The main port represents the LAG to participate in service
configuration.
 A LAG has exactly one main port.
 The main port can either in the selected state or in the standby state,
independent of the port status.
 The main port must be in the affiliated aggregation group until the
aggregation group is deleted.
 When the aggregation group is deleted, all the services in the
aggregation group continue to exist on the main port and no services
are lost.
 In a LAG, when the port status is selected, the port can bear services;
when the port status is standby, the port cannot bear services.
 Slave Port
 In a LAG, the ports rather than the main port are slave ports. The slave port
has the following features:
 The slave port cannot participate in service configuration.
 A LAG can have several slave ports.
 The slave port can either in the selected state or in the standby state.
 A slave port can be added to/deleted from the LAG by using the NMS.
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 The AM is a technology that automatically adjusts the modulation scheme according to the
channel quality. In the case of the same channel spacing, the microwave service bandwidth
varies according to the modulation scheme. The higher the modulation efficiency, the higher
the bandwidth of the transmitted services and the poorer the anti-interference capability. The
AM technology can use the QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, and 256QAM
modulation scheme.
 When the channel is in good conditions (for example, in sunny weather), the equipment uses a
high modulation scheme to transmit the maximum user services, hence improving the system
transmission efficiency and the utilization of the frequency spectrum. When the channel is in
bad conditions (for example, in stormy or foggy weather), the equipment uses a low
modulation scheme to ensure that the E1 services and the services of the high priority on the
available bandwidth are transmitted. In this case, the services of the low priority are discarded,
thus improving the anti-interference capability of the link.
 When the AM switches the modulation schemes to a lower one, the services of the low priority
are discarded but no bit errors or slips occur in the services of the high priority. The speed of
switching the modulation schemes meets the requirement for no bit error in the case of 100
dB/s fast fading.
 In the Hybrid microwave, the E1 services have the highest priority and the Ethernet services
are classified into service streams of different priority levels based on the class of service (CoS)
technology. When the Hybrid microwave works in the lowest modulation scheme, the
equipment transmits only the E1 services and the services of the high priority on the available
bandwidth. When the Hybrid microwave works in any other modulation scheme, all the
additional bandwidth is used to transmit the Ethernet services. In this way, the availability of
the links that carry the E1 services and the Ethernet services of the high priority is ensured and
the Ethernet service capacity is increased, thus providing the dynamic bandwidth.
 The slides shows the transmission mode of the Hybrid microwave. The red part indicates the
E1 services. The blue part indicates the Ethernet services. The closer to the edge of the blue
part, the lower the priority of the Ethernet service. Under all channel conditions, the E1
services occupy the specific bandwidth that is permanently available. Thus, the availability of
the E1 services is ensured. The bandwidth for the Ethernet services varies according to the
channel conditions. When the channel is in bad conditions, the Ethernet services of the low
priority are discarded.
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OptiX RTN 900 Networking Application and Protection P-0

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without

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 Because of the different capacity of RTN900, according to the number of services, we

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 The figure shows the system structure in one site.

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 The figure shows the system structure in one site.

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Dual Slots NO. of HSB HSM Reverse

1+1 HSB No 1 Yes No Yes

1+1 SD Yes 2 Yes Yes Yes

1+1 FD Yes 1 Yes Yes No

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 Signal failure (SF):The SF condition on the working channel enables services to be

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 SNCP Switching Conditions

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