EERING MODELS & EQUIPMENT EXPERIMENT No. 2: 10 3.0 (a) (b) fe) id) fe) Cont. Sheet No. OBJECTIVE: To determine the discharge coeffic; ents of broad crested weir and to measure the water surface profile for flow over broad crested weir. APPARATUS: Model of broad crested weir, collecting tank and pointer gauge INTRODUCTION AND THEORY: : Pressure greater than atmospheric pressure. Therefore techniques of measurements of discharge in pipes eannot be applied here. Different types of models are available to find discharge in an open channel as venturiflume, spillway weir, broad crested weir, V notch and rectangular notch tc. For calibration of either venturiflume or weir some’ flow is allowed in the flume. Once the flow becomes steady dnd uniform discharge coefficients can be determined for any model. ‘The weir is a device used for the measurement of flow in a channel. It is an obstruction in the channel that causes the liquid to rise behind the weir and then flows over it. By measuring the height of upstream liquid surface, the rate of flow is determined. The sheet of water flowing through a weir ig known as the nappe. The top of a weir over which the water flows is known as erest. The Weir may be broad crested, spillway etc, : The relationship between discharge and head over the weir can be developed by making the following assumptions as to the flow behaviour: * Upstream of the weir, the flow is uniform and the pressure varies with depth according to the hydrostatic equation p = pgh ‘The free surface remains horizontal as far as the plane of the weir, and all particles passing over the weir move horizontally. The pressure through out the sheet of liquid or nappe, which passes over the crest of the weir, is atmospheric. The effect of viscosity and surface tension are negligible, The velocity in the approach channel is negligible. Weir in which the sheet of flowing fluid is supported by the surface of the crest is called broad crested weir. Discharge coefficient Cj of a broad rested weir may be determined by applying formula=NGINEERING MODELS & EQUIPMENT sas-\ Cont. Sheet N ~Q C= ' ————______ 2 Hy" —H]b v2g} —_ (1) 3 3 \where Q is the discharge over a broad crested weir, b i3 the width of weir, g is Gesaleration due to gravity and H is the head above the crest of broad sreset weit) the walls and floor of the channel, and the model, "Step2: The channel is filled with water up to the erest level and reading on the scale on the point gauge is noted down. Step3: The flow-regulating valve is adjusted to give the maximum possible discharge without Nooding the model. Optionally a gate can be used for controlling tne discharge in the channel. Step4: Conditions are allowed to steady before the rate of discharge and head over the model is recorded. Step5: The discharge is reduced in stages and a series of readings of Q and head over the model are recorded, Step6: The water surface profile can be plotted by the help of point gauge for a constant run. | off RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: Note down (a) width of broad crested weir and (b) area of collecting tank. Calculate the discharge and head over the weir, Find out the coefficient of discharge Cy of weir.GINEERING MODELS & EQUIPMENT Cont. Sheet N ' 7.0 SAMPLE DATA SHEET: 7 Broad Crested Weir Width of broad crested weir, b, em Crest level of broad crested weir Hi, cm Area of collecting tank, em? - Sl Discharge measurement Reading | Head over No | Tnitial ] Final | Differ- | Discharge | of water | weir H= Q hy Jy fence off Q — |ievel | Hi-Hz a (cm) | (cm) | head (cm*/Sec) | above | (cm) 2/3 H bV2g H/3 hs the crest (h-ha) Ha (em) ) ‘Average Ca=Broad Cousied Web Witt ot byoacl enettect wo, b= Zoew Bechronge _vioruuruent” 09? Dia ot pipe = Scur Dia ot offi. = San Oy = 96% 103 me Q,> 0-101 x 1073 yn HL = 48.3 eur Ha = 42.0eue He Wah W= 63 ew Ho = 0.063 » Pie = ael Mgfea Bly = d.o ieQ = Ca Ua VJ ge Na? -az Q = 6.89 « 10? w8er Aud, Cy = a 2 shely vs t= 689x107 & B Rv 0063 ¥ 3x YQxaEIKO-03T Ca =Samece Data Sueer Beco costed woirn Widtte of bewod ousted woh, b au = Coast touel af Lowad csosted wor H,,cw= Asaa ot collecting donk, out = ea FSeluange Meattraunct — |Readhing, | Head our, oe ome Di stwarr |VMH= Ie,. 8 Dithomcel Drffermee| Dikdrenge : WatHol Jt aod | ot tenet @ | lev above ae Es Ea Va | Pe sant] conten) > ba te cot « urd | com) vcd 4. ] 48.3 | 42.0 | 01063 |esavion’ 0.068 o.8s mbsee