No, 723,298, PATENTED MAR, 24, 1908, J. J, MIDDLESWORTH, WINDMILL, APPLICATION FILED FEB, 11, 1008, wo MODEL, 2 smiprs—suzer 1.No. 728,293, ‘PATENTED MAR, 24,1903. J, J, MIDDLESWORTH. WINDMILL, APPLIOATION FILED FEB, 11, 1008, . 0 KODEL, 2 SUBEDe—eueze 2 {i} Sag €. aces Ph Middle,15 °5 30 35 40, 43 5° UnITED STATES JOHN J. MIDDLESWORTH, PaTENT ORFICE. OF DUFFIELD, MICHIGAN. WINDMILL. SPECIFICATION forming part of Leters Patent No.728,298, dated March 24, 1903, Application led February 11, 1902, arial No, 95,548, Qo model? © To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, JOHN J. Mippins- WORTH, a citizen of the United States, resid- ing at Dafield, in the eounty of Genesee and Stato of Michigan, have invented new and usoful Improvements in Windmills, of which the following is a specification. My invention relates to improvements in windmills, and pertains more particularly to that class known as “horizontal” windmills having feathering-blades. ‘The object of my invention is to provide windmill in which two blades are mounted upon an oscillating shaft, and the force of the wind upon ono blade will feather the blade carried by the opposite end of the shaft as it is coming up into the wind. Another object of my invention is to pro- vide a means for throwing two of the oppo- sitely-arranged blades in a vertical position tranaverse the shaft upon which they are mounted, whereby said blades act as vanes for holding the mill up into the wind and one. blade counterbalances the other. ‘Astill further object of my invention is to provide a choap, simple, and effective wind- mill of the character hereinafter fully de- seribed. In the accompanying drawings, Figure Lis aside view of my windmill in operative po- ion, partly in section. Fig. 2 is a top plan view partly in section and showing the mill in operative position. Fig. 3'is an enlarged top-plan view, partly in section, showing the blades thrown in a vertical position to act as vanes to hold the mill up into the wind. Fig. 4is an enlarged vertical sectional view of the power-shaft, showing the connection with the friction -brake. Fig. 5 is an enlarged top plan viewof the friction-brake, partly broken away. Fig.6 isalongitudinal sectional view of tho shaft L, showing the sleeve and pin carried thereby. Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the connection of the blades with the shaft, showing the stop forlimiting the movement of said blades. Referring now to the drawings, A repre- sents the vertically supporting base or frame, which may be of metal or wood and any de- sired form, as this forms no part of my in- vention, Mounted upon the upper portion of said framois.a cap B, having an upwardly- extending bearing }, which is provided with the vertical opening’b’. Rotatably mounted upon the upper bearing-surfaee D of the exp: Bisa bearing-ring C, having four radially- extending armsC’, although any desired nain- ber of urms may be used according to the number of blades. ‘The said bearing-ring C has extending therethrough and rigidly se- red thereto a hollow shaft D, which ex- J fends downseard throngh the opening 2! in | the cap Band extends down near the bottom of the frame A and which carries a beveled gear d. The frame A is provided with a transverse brace a, having a shaft E rotata- bly mounted thereon, one end of said shaft carrying a beveled gear F, meshing with the beveled gear d, and the opposite end earrying a disk f, which has a wrist-pin f’, by moans of which the pump is driven. Tho arms C' of the ring © havo at their outer ends upwardly -extending longitndi- nally-adjustable journalse, which are adapt- ed to receive thé shaft G,’and said shaft is provided with a crank G’, which extends around the upwardly-extending portion D’ of the shaft D, thus allowing the shaft @ to oscillate. The crank G’ is provided with a rubber packing ,entirely surrounding it,for the purpose of reducing the jar and noise as the said crank engages the shaft G. The outer ends of the shat G are provided with blades H and H’, which are rigidly’ secured thereto with a larger portion below the shaft and at right angles to each other, Tt will be readily seen that the normal position of the blades is as shown in Fig. 1; butas the wind ongages the blade 1] it faces it in a vertical position until the crank @ engages the up- per portion D’ of the shatt @ and limits its movement. At this point the blade His in practically a horizontal position and is cut- ting the wind. as it travels forward. ‘The | other radialls-extending arms have at their outer enids the horizontally -adjastable up- wardly-extonding journals h-and fi’, whieh extend above tho journals ¢, so as to allow the shaft I to pass the shaft G. ‘The said shaft is also allowed to oscillate within said journals and is provided with a crank I op- posite the upwardly-extending portion G of the shaft G. The outer ends of said shatt are provided with reduced portions J, whieh 55 60 65 70 15 90 985 25 30. 40 4s 50 55 60 65 are adapted to receive a transverse bar j, which isadapted to be firmly clamped thereon by nuts j', the onter end of said bar being provided ‘with redaced portions 7%. ‘The blades K and K" are provided with outwardly- extending ears k which are provided with openings k’, which aro adapted to receive the reduced portions? of the barj, by means of which the blades are adapted to be swang at, right angles to the shaft G, as hereinafter | more fully described. ‘The normal positionsof the said blades are as shown in Fig. 1, resting against the shaft I, and also being mounted on said shaft with 'a larger portion therebe- low and at right angles to each other. ‘The blade K is adapted to be swung in a vertical position by the force of the wind until the crank I’ engages the shaft and the blade K’ is brought into a horizontal position, eutiing the wind as it travels forward. When the blade has been carried aronnd so that, the wind engages its edge, it drops in an inclined position and thearms are eaused to continue to travel by the blade I natil the blade K’ is engaged by the wind and thrown down in a | vertical position and tho blade K, carried by the opposite end of the shaft, is brought in a horizontal position, and so the operation con- tinnes. ‘The shaft T, adjacent the erank I’, is pro- vided with an elongated square portion I and surrounding said square portion is lox gitudinally-slidableelongated sleeve L’, whi has on its upper surface, near one eds rack-bar extending the entire length there of. The said sleove is also provided with a longitudinally-extending recess or groove’, and mounted in said square portion L is a pin M, which extends out through said groove and is adapted to allow the sleeve to move upon the shaft I. Rotatably mounted upon said pin is a disk N’, having about three- fourths of its cireamference provided with teeth adapted to mesh with the rack-bar and rigidly secured to the upper face of sai pinion is a transverse bar m, which has so- cured to the onter ends theréof wrist-pins n'. Pivoted to said wrist-pins are outwardly-ex- tending arms or pitmon O and 0’, extending parallel with the shaft I and out toward the blades K and K’. The upper ears , earried by the blades K, are provided with outwardly- extending arms 7/2, to which the pitmen O and O' are secured. ‘The said blades being pivotally mounted upon the bar j, it will be readily seen that as the sleeve Liisslid upon the shaft 1 it will throw the blade ont trans- yorse the shaft, asshown in dotted lines, Fig. 2, and in this position the said blades will serve as vanes, and there being two of said blades thrown in said position—oue on each, side of the wheel—they will counterbalance each other and will hold the wheel up into the wind. To prevent, the blades K and K’ from being drawn too far around, I provide the bars j with outwardly-earved arms j%, which are adapted to engage the blade. { | | 723,293 ‘The npperend of theshatt D'isserew-thread- ed, and pivotally mounted on said threaded potiion is an arm P, which has its outer end cated at p, and pivoted within said bi- fureated portion ts a lever Q. whieh has its upper end connected to the rod R, whieh is longitudinally movable within the shaft D. Tho opposite end of the lever Qs bifureated at Q/, and said bifureated portion is adapted to straddle the longitudinally-movable sleeve L.. The onter end of said sleeve L’ carriesa redneed portion L%, which carries a ring L', rotatably mounted thereon, and carried by said ring on opposite sides are outwardly-ex- tending pins 4, which are adapted to enter the ends of the bifurcated portion, whereby tho shaft and the sleeve 1/ are adapted to oscillate and the sleeve held in the desired position. ‘The lower end of the shaft D’ is provided with a vertical opening 8, justabove the horizontal brace a, and loosely mounted upon said shaft, around the opening, is a col- larT, having a groove f in its outer periphery. ‘The brace a carries an upwardly - extended bifureated plate U, and seenred to one of said prongs is a flexible band V, whieh passes around the collar T within the groove £ and through an opening w in the opposite prong. Theouterend of said band has aserew-thread- ed portion v and a clamping-nat v! thereon, whereby the band is clamped around the disk or collar 8. The vertically-movable rod R within the shaft D has adjacent the opening S an outwardly-spring-pressed eateh W, 80 that when the said rod Ris forced upward the catch is forced through theopeningSand seats itself ina noteh in the collar T, whereby the collaris caused to rotate with theshaftD. By tightening the nut »" the band is tightened on the collar, and when tte rod is raised to throw the blades in the vertical. position to stop the mill the catch engages the notch in the collar and carries the collar with it, thus preventing tho mill from turning several times when the wind changes suddenly. ‘Tho operation of my mill is as follows: ‘The blades are in the position shown in Fig. 1, nd, as before deseribed, as the blade on one ond of the shaft iS forced down by the wind the arrangement of the blades on the shaft is such that the blades carried by the opposite end of the shaft is thrown in a horizontal po- sition, cutting the wind. The rod R extends down through the hollow shaft and is adapted to be foreed ‘up or down, and by foreing it up when the mill isin operation it will throw the lover inward, and said lever being connected to the sleove 1’ it will slide said sleeve on the shaft, and said sleeve having a rack-bar mesh- ing with the pinion will oscillate the pinion, and the pitmen being connected to said pin- ion on opposite sides will throw them out- wardly. ‘The said pitmen being also con- nected io the blades K and K’, they will throw said blades in a vertical position transverse the shaft, thus acting as vanes to stop the mill, and when it is desired to start the mill ye 15 80 85 90 95 105 5 120 125 13010 15 25 30. 38 4° 48 50 35 728,298 tho rod R is drawn downward, which throws the blades K and K’ in their normal positions and the mill will start agai ‘Having thus described my invention, what Telaim, and desire to secure by Letters Pat- ent, is— 1, In a windmill, the combination with a supporting-framie,of arotatableframe mount- ed thoreon, transverse oscillating shafts mounted on said frame, blades carried by said shafts in pairs, and means for throwing one pair of blades in a vertical position transverse the shaft, substantially as desoribed. 2. A windmill comprising a supporting- frame, a hub rotatably mounted thereon, ra- Gially-extonding arms carried by the hub, os- cillating shafts mounted on said arms, blades carried by the shafts in pairs and means for throwing one pair of blades in a vertical po- sition transverse the shaft, substantially as deseribed. 8. A windmill comprising a supporting- frame, a hub rotatably mounted thereon, ra- dially-extending arms carried by the hub, o8- cillating shafts mounted on said arms, blades mounted on said shaftsat right angles to each other, means carried by one of said shatts for throwing the blades carried by the outer ends thereof in a vertical position transverse the shaft, substantially as described. 4, A windmill comprising a supporting- frame, a hub rotatably mounted thereon, ra- dially-extending arms carried by the hub, os- cillating shafts monnted ou said arms, blades carried by the outer ends of said shafts in pairs, one pair of blades being pivotally mounted on the ends of said shafts, and ‘means for swinging said blades in a vertical position transverse the shaft, substantially as described. Bs 5. A windmill comprising a supporting. frame, a hub rotatably mounted thereon, ra- dially-extending arms carried by said hub, oscillating shafts mounted upon said arms and extending across the hab, the endsof said shafts having transverse bars rigidly con- nected thereto, blades pivotally mounted on said transverse bars, means for swinging the said blades in a vertical position transverse the shaft, and means for holding the blades in said vertical position, substantially as de- seribed. 6. A windmill comprising a supporting- frame, a hub rotatably mounted thereon, ra- dially-extending arms carried by said hub, oscillating shafts mounted on said arms, and extending across said hubs, blades rigidly se- cured to the ends of one of said shatts at right | angles to each other, transverse bars rigidly | secured to the ends of the other shaft, blades | pivotally mounted on said bars, a slidable Thomo curried by thesald shaft, and a con. | nection between said slidable member and the | said pivoted blades, and means for sliding | said member, substantially as described. | 7. A windmill comprising a supporting frame, a rotatable frame mounted thereon, | 3 oscillating shafts mounted on said rotatable frame, blades carried by the outer ends of said shafts, in pairs, one pair of blades adapt- ed to swing in a vertical position transverse the shaft, a sleeve carried by the said shaft, a rack-bar earried by said sleeve and slidable therein, x member slidably mounted on said sleeve, & pinion rotatably mounted upon said shaft and meshing with the rack-bars, and rods connected to the vertically -swinging blades and opposite sides of the pinion, and means for sliding said sleeve, substantially as described. 8. A windmill comprising a supporting. frame, a rotatable frame, mounted thereon, a downwardly-extending hollow shaft ca by said rotatable frame, oseillating shafts ear- ried by tho rotatable frame, blades carried. by said shafts in pairs, means for throwing one pair of blades in a vertical position trans- | Verse theshaft and a rod extending up through said hollow shaft for operating said means, ‘substantially as described. 9. A windmill comprising a supporting. frame, # rotatable frame mounted thereon, a hollow shaft passing through said rotatable frame and secured thereto, oscillating shatts carried by the rotatable frame, blades earried by said shafts in pairs, means for throwing one pairof blades in a vertical position trans- verse the shaft, an intermediately-pivoted le- ver having one end connected to said means, and a vertieally-movable rod passing through. said hollow shaft and having its upper end connected to the other end of the interme- diately -pivoted lever, substantially as de- seribed. | 10, A windmill comprising a supporting- frame, a rotatable frame mounted thereon, a vertically - arranged shaft passing through aid rotatable frame and secured thereto, os- cillating shafts extending across said rotata- ble frame, cranks carried by said shafts op- posite the vertical shaft aud adapted to en- gagoit and limit the oscillation of said shafts, Dlades carried by the ends of said shafts and means for throwing the blades carried by one of said shafts in a vertical. position, trans- verse the shafts, substantially as deseribed. 11 A windmill comprising a supporting- frame, a rotatable frame mounted thereon, a vertically - arranged shaft passing through said rotatable frame and secured thereto, 05° cillating shafts extending across said rotata- ble frame, cranks carried by said shafts op- | posite the vertical shaft, and adapted to en- gage it and limit the oseillation of said shafts, Blades carried by the ends of said oscillating shafts, a sliding member carried by one of said oscillating shafts, rods connecting said slidable member and ‘the blades carried by said shaft, and means for sliding said shaft, whereby the blades are thrown in a vertical position transverse the shaft, substantially as described. 12. A windmill comprising a supporting- frame, a rotatable frame mounted thereon, 70 75 80 9° 9% 105 125, 330"5 35 4 blades carried by said frame, a downwardly- extending hollow shaft carried by said frame and having a vertical opening near its lower end, a collar surrounding said shaft adjacent the opening and having a noteh registering with said opening, a frietion-band surround- ng said collar, means for tightening said band, a vertieally- movable rod extending through the shaft and adapted to throw the mill in or out of the wind, and aspring-cateh | carried by the rod adapted to enter the notch in the collar when the rod is foreed up to stop the mill, substantially as deseribed. 13, Tv a windmill, the combination with os- ciilating blades arranged in pairs, blades adapted to oscillate between a vertical and horizontal position, means for oscillating one pair of said blades at right angles to the first oscillating movement, and means for holding the same at right angles to the first oseillat- ing movement, substantially as described. 14. In a windmill, the combination with a supporting.frame,of a rotatable framemount- ed thereon, transverse oscillating shafts mounted on said frame, blades carried by said shafts in pairs, means for throwing one pair of blades in a vertical position transverse the 723,208 shaft and means for holding the blades in said position, substantially as described. 15, Ina windmill, the combination with a supporting-frame,of rotatable frame mount- ed thereon, oscillating shafts mounted on said frame, blades carried by the shafts and no nally parallel therewith, and means for osei lating one pair of said blades to a position at 35 right angles to the shaft, substantially as de- seribed, 16. Th a windmill, the combination with a supporting-frame,of a rotatable frame mount- ed thereon, oscillating shafts mounted on said frame, blades carried by the shafts and nor- mally parallel therewith, means for oscillat- ing one pair of said blades to a position at right angles to the shaft, and means for hold- ing the blades in said position, substantially as described. Tn testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presenes of two subseribing witnesses. 30 4 45 JOHN J. MIDDLESWORTH. Witnesses: JL. VAN ALSTIEN, J.D. LELAND.