Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Foreword
This Operator’s Manual is intended as a guide for the correct
use and maintenance of the machine. Therefore, study it Contents
carefully before starting and operating the machine, or be-
fore carrying out any preventive maintenance.
Keep the manual in the manual box in the cab so that it is al-
ways at hand. Replace it immediately if it is lost.
Presentation
NOTE: The manual describes the applications for which
the machine is primarily intended, and is written to ap-
ply for all markets. We therefore ask you to disregard the
sections that are not applicable to your machine or to
the work for which you use your machine.
Instrument panels
Many hours are spent on design and production to make a
machine that is as efficient and safe as possible. The acci-
dents that occur in spite of this are mostly caused by the hu-
man factor. A safety-conscious person and a well maintained
machine make a safe, efficient and profitable combination. Controls
Therefore, read the safety instructions and follow them.
Every new Volvo Motor Grader is shipped with a CIMA Grad-
er Safety Manual published by the Construction Industry
Manufacturers’ Association. Read it carefully before operat-
ing or servicing your grader. Operating instructions
We continually strive to improve our products and to make
them more efficient through changes to their design. We re-
tain the right to make these changes without committing our-
selves to introducing these improvements on products that
have already been delivered. Operating techniques
We also retain the right to change data and equipment, as
well as instructions for service and maintenance, without pri-
or notice.
WARNING!
The symbol above appears at various points in the
manual together with warning text. It means – Warning, Specifications
be alert! Your safety is involved. It is the obligation of
the operator to make sure that all warning decals are in
place on the machine and that they are readable.
Accidents may otherwise occur.
Know the capacity and limits of your machine! Alphabetical index
This manual applies to Serial Number 35000 and up.
State the PIN number of the machine (serial number) below. Always state this information when contacting the manu-
facturer and when ordering spare parts. It is also a good idea to note the serial number of the components.
Engine
Transmission
Final drive
Foreword
Operation and maintenance of the machine 3
WARNING!
The operator of a motor grader must have sufficient knowledge
and instructions before he/she operates the machine. Untrained
operators may cause severe injuries or even fatalities. Therefore,
it is important that you read and follow the instructions of this
Operator’s Manual. Never use a motor grader that has no
Operator’s Manual available. Learn and understand the safety
signs and symbols on the machine and the operator instructions
before you begin to use the machine.
Foreword
4 Communication equipment, installation
Communication equipment,
installation
IMPORTANT!
All installations of electronic communication equipment must be
performed by trained professionals and in accordance with Volvo
Construction Equipment instructions applicable to the specified
machine.
Mobile telephones
To obtain the best functionality, mobile telephones should be permanent-
ly installed in the electrical system of the grader with a permanently fixed
antenna on the cab, installed as advised by the manufacturer.
If a portable mobile telephone is used, note that it can constantly transmit
information to its base station, even when the telephone is not used. For
this reason, it should not be located beside electronic equipment in the
machine, such as directly on a control panel, etc.
Guidelines
The following guidelines must be followed during installation:
– The antenna placement must be chosen to give good adaptation to
the surroundings.
– The antenna cable must be of the coaxial type. Be careful to ensure
the cable is undamaged, that the sheath and braid are not split at the
ends, and the braid covers the connector ferrules and has good gal-
vanic contact with them.
– The mating surface between the antenna mounting bracket and the
bodywork must have clean metal surfaces, with all dirt and oxide re-
moved. Protect the mating surfaces against corrosion after installation
to maintain good galvanic contact.
– Remember to separate interfering and interfered cables physically. In-
terfering cables consist of the communication equipment’s supply ca-
bles and antenna cable. Interfered cables are those which are
connected to electronic devices in the machine. Install the cables as
close as possible to grounded sheet metal surfaces, since the metal
has a shielding effect.
Contents
5
Contents
Foreword.................................................................1
Operation and maintenance of the machine ......................3
Communication equipment, installation..............................4
Contents..................................................................5
Presentation ...........................................................7
General...............................................................................7
CE Marking and Declaration of Conformity ......................10
Plates and decals .............................................................12
Service .............................................................................16
General Information..........................................................17
Instrument panels ................................................21
General.............................................................................21
Center instrument panel ...................................................22
Pedestal instrument panel................................................28
Side console instrument panel .........................................45
All Wheel Drive control panel ...........................................52
Other ................................................................................54
Controls ................................................................55
Operator controls..............................................................55
Operator comfort ..............................................................57
Hydraulic controls.............................................................64
Other controls...................................................................71
Operating instructions.........................................73
Introduction.......................................................................73
Running-in period .............................................................74
Safety and responsibility ..................................................75
Before operating...............................................................80
Ignition switch...................................................................83
Starting the engine ...........................................................85
Shifting gears ...................................................................87
Steering ............................................................................93
Braking .............................................................................95
Differential lock .................................................................97
After operating..................................................................98
Towing............................................................................101
Transporting the machine...............................................103
Manual release of parking brake ....................................106
Moveable Blade Control System ....................................107
Scarifier ..........................................................................115
Ripper .............................................................................116
Windrow eliminator .........................................................117
Dozer blade/V-plow ........................................................119
One way plow.................................................................120
Hydraulic snow wing.......................................................121
Operating techniques ........................................123
Introduction.....................................................................123
Moldboard ......................................................................124
Turning around using articulation ...................................125
Making a three point turn................................................126
Contents
6
Presentation
General
Intended use
The machine is intended to be used under normal conditions for
the operations described in the Operator’s Manual. If it is used for
other purposes or in potentially dangerous environments, for ex-
ample, an explosive atmosphere, areas with dust containing as-
bestos, etc., special safety regulations must be followed and the
machine must be equipped for such use. Contact the manufactur-
er or dealer for further information.
Engine
The engine is a four stroke cycle, in line six cylinder, turbocharged
diesel with overhead valves and air-to-air charge air cooler. These
engines are of the low emission type and all models have VHP
(Variable horsepower).
VHP
All Volvo grader models have engines that provide 2 different pow-
er levels depending on the gear selected by the operator.
– For non-All Wheel Drive equipped graders, forward gears 1,
2, and reverse 1, have reduced power to minimize wheel slip.
In forward gears 3 through 8, and reverse gears 2 through 4,
engine power is automatically increased.
– For All Wheel Drive equipped models with the All Wheel Drive
system turned OFF, the function of the VHP is the same as
above.
– For All Wheel Drive equipped models with the All Wheel Drive
turned ON, the engine power is increased for all gears.
– There is no operator selectable control over the VHP system.
Presentation
8 General
Electrical system
The electrical system is a 24VDC, negative-ground system. Pow-
er is supplied by two 12VDC batteries connected in series. Battery
charging is accomplished using a standard 75 amp alternator and
an optional 100 amp alternator. Electrical power can be discon-
nected using a ground isolation switch.
Clutch
A multiple wet disc clutch is mounted to the engine flywheel and
connected to the transmission with a driveshaft. The clutch must
be used when starting to move or when changing direction.
Transmission
The transmission has eight forward and four reverse speeds. It is
a fully sequential, direct drive, powershift unit utilizing a counter-
shaft design.
Final drive/tandems
Final drives are single reduction in models G710B to G746B and
double reduction in the G780B. Each has an operator controlled
lock/unlock differential. Rear axles are case hardened, full floating
design, supported on double row spherical roller bearings. Tan-
dem wheels are chain-driven.
Brakes
Hydraulically actuated, oil disc service brakes are located at the
four tandem drive wheels. The crossover dual braking circuits pro-
vide even braking on both sides of the grader.
If the engine stalls, or hydraulic boost pressure becomes unavail-
able, full braking capability is available through a reserve system.
An electric motor supplies the power required to bring the grader
to a safe stop.
The parking brake is a spring apply/hydraulic release, disc-type
brake. It is driveline-mounted to the transmission output shaft. An
accumulator in the circuit stores system pressure allowing the
brakes to remain released in the event of system pressure loss for
about 15 minutes.
Steering
The steering system is a closed-center dynamic signal load sens-
ing system. The hydraulic steering system incorporates two steer-
ing cylinders. The leaning wheel feature and articulated frame can
be used to decrease turning radius. There is no manual steering.
Hydraulic system
The closed-center hydraulic system uses a pressure and flow
compensated (load-sensing) variable displacement piston pump.
The pump supplies oil to the implements, the steering and the en-
gine cooling fan system.
The cooling fan is driven by a fixed displacement vane-type motor.
Fan speed is variable and is determined by various cooling re-
quirements. The fan operates between pre-determined minimum
and maximum speeds. The fan remains at its minimum speed until
there is a demand for cooling. Fan speed will automatically in-
crease with the demand for cooling.
Lock valves (counterbalance valves) are incorporated into the
blade lift, moldboard tilt, circle shift, wheel lean and articulation cir-
cuits to prevent cylinder drift. The control levers are short throw,
feathering type located on an adjustable steering pedestal.
EU EMC Directive
The electronic equipment of the machine may in some cases
cause interference to other electronic equipment, or suffer from
external electromagnetic interference, which may constitute safe-
ty risks.
The EU EMC directive on “Electromagnetic conformity” provides a
general description of what demands can be made on the ma-
chine out of a safety point of view, where permitted limits have
been determined and given according to international standards.
A machine or device, which meets the requirements, should be
CE marked. Our machines have been tested particularly for elec-
tromagnetic interference. The CE marking on the machine and the
declaration of conformity also covers the EMC directive.
If other electronic equipment is fitted to this machine, the equip-
ment must be CE marked and tested on the machine as regards
to electromagnetic interference.
Presentation
CE Marking and Declaration of Conformity 11
Modifications
Modifications of any kind to this product including the fitting of un-
authorized attachments, accessories, assemblies or parts could
affect the integrity of the product and/or the ability of the product
to perform as designed or intended.
It is policy that no modification of any kind is to be made to this
product unless officially approved by Volvo Motor Graders. A mod-
ification includes, but is not restricted to, the use of attachments,
accessories, assemblies and parts not approved by Volvo Motor
Graders and/or not installed in a factory approved manner.
Modifications are officially approved if at least one of the following
conditions is met:
1 The attachment, accessory, assembly or part is manufactured
or distributed by Volvo and installed in a factory approved man-
ner as described in the publications available from Volvo; or
2 The modification has been approved in writing by the Engineer-
ing Department of Volvo Motor Graders.
Volvo Motor Graders disclaims responsibility for any situation that
may arise as a result of a non-approved modification. If any per-
son or organization modifies or contributes in any way to a non-
approved modification, the person or organization will be deemed
to have assumed all the risks associated with such a modification,
including but not limited to, product failure, product damage, prop-
erty damage, loss of production, injury or death.
If any claims result from a non-approved modification, Volvo Motor
Graders will protect its interest by taking whatever action is appro-
priate.
Volvo Motor Grader warranty shall not apply to any product or part
which fails or is damaged by, or whose functioning or operation is
adversely affected by non-approved modification.
1 Engine
The engine serial numbers are found on a plate on the left-hand
side of the engine on models G710B to G730B. G740B, G746B
and G780B models have the serial number stamped into the right-
hand side of the engine block.
2 Cab
The ROPS and FOPS serial number plates are found inside the
cab on the left-hand post behind the operator’s seat. The ROPS
plate states the model and serial number, specification, maximum
machine mass, and bolt torque. The FOPS plate states the model,
serial number and specification.
6 Transmission
The transmission serial number is located on the lower front of the
housing.
7 Final drive
The final drive serial number is found on the right-hand side on the
rear of the final drive on models G710B to G746B. On G780B
models it is found on the top of the center housing.
Presentation
14 Plates and decals
1 Warning! Hot components. Right-hand side, under the door latch of the engine compart-
ment door.
2 Warning! Never Short across starter On the starter, inside the engine compartment, right-hand side.
terminals.
3 24V Start On the starter, inside the engine compartment, right-hand side.
4 Warning! Hot pressurized coolant. On the top of the engine hood.
8 Warning! Accumulator contents under Over the barrel of the accumulator (if equipped).
pressure.
9 Warning! Use only petroleum base fluid Rear right-hand side of cab.
in brake reservoir.
10 Warning! Crush zone. Both sides below the engine compartment door.
11 Differential lock operating instructions On the front windshield.
13 Warning! Use no ether. On the engine hood beside the air intake.
14 Warning! Explosive gases. Inside the battery box, left-hand tandem case.
17 Warning! Keep clear of moldboard. On the left, right and rear faces of the drawbar.
18 Lubrication and service chart Left-hand side under the cab on the frame.
19 Warning! Rotating components. Right-hand side below engine compartment door. Both sides
inside the cooling compartment door.
21 Sound decal On the right-hand side of the frame in front of the cab. (TUV,
(Statement of exterior noise measure- EU/EEA countries only.)
ment of the machine)
Presentation
16 Service
Service
If the machine is to operate as economically as possible, it must
be properly maintained. Intervals of maintenance and lubrication
apply to the machine under normal environmental and operating
conditions. The maintenance work described in this manual can
be carried out by the operator. For further adjustments and re-
pairs, the machine should be taken to an authorized dealer.
Delivery inspection
Before the machine left the factory it was tested and adjusted. In
addition to this, your dealer has carried out a further check – the
“Delivery Inspection” – according to our instructions before the
machine was handed over to you.
Inspection
It is especially important, however, that during the first period of
operation, the machine is subjected to further checks. Retighten-
ing of bolts, checking adjustments and other minor measures have
to be carried out. Carry out this inspection within 100 operating
hours.
Maintenance service
Condition Test and Maintenance Programs
In addition to the maintenance listed in the Maintenance Schedule
in this manual, your authorized dealer offers a maintenance sys-
tem based on tests which give an indication of the general condi-
tion of your machine. Further information about this maintenance
system can be obtained from your nearest authorized dealer.
Presentation
General Information 17
General Information
The USA federal clean air act
The Federal Clean Air Act Section 203 (a) (3) states that the re-
moval of air pollution control devices or the modification of an
EPA-certified non road engine to a non certified configuration.
The Federal regulations implementing the Clean Air Act for non-
road engines, 40 C.F.R. section 89.1003(a)(3)(i) reads as follows:
Customer assistance
Volvo Construction Equipment wishes to assure that the Emission
Control System Warranty is properly administered. In the event
that you do no receive the warranty service to which you believe
you are entitled under the Emission Control System Warranty, you
should contact your nearest Volvo Construction Equipment Re-
gional office for assistance.
Presentation
18 General Information
Volvo recommends that the purchaser use the service program for
the non-road engine, known as Preventative Maintenance, includ-
ing the recommended engine emission control maintenance.
Fuel system
Fuel Recommendations:
The fuel used must be clean, completely distilled, stable and non-
corrosive. Distillation range, cetane level and sulfur content are
most important when selecting fuel for optimum combustion and
minimum wear.
Check for fuel leaks (with the engine running at fast idle):
n Visually check unions and hose connections.
Instrument panels
General
WARNING!
Do not operate the machine until you are thoroughly
familiar with the position and function of the various
instruments and controls. Read this manual carefully.
Your safety is involved!
Glance at the instruments now and then. Doing so will alert you to
any abnormal readings and allow necessary action to prevent se-
rious damage.
If any warning lamps or buzzers energize, park the machine and
shut down the engine immediately. Report the problem to your su-
pervisor.
The battery isolation switch must be in the ON (I) position and the
ignition switch in the “I” position (running position) when checking
the function of the instruments and warning devices.
General
If red control lamps light up – stop the machine immediately!
If amber lamps light up – an abnormal condition exists and mea-
sures may be required depending on the function concerned.
The remaining lamps – indicate that the respective function is
engaged/connected.
Instrument panels
Center instrument panel 23
1
Information (amber)
The amber central warning lamp flashes when system errors oc-
cur for less critical warnings. It informs the operator that a function
is engaged/disengaged or that a function needs to be kept under
observation (for example low fuel). It is accompanied by another
warning lamp and/or message display to clarify the warning/error.
2
Central warning (red)
The central warning lamp flashes when critical warnings or errors
occur. It is accompanied by a buzzer, another indicator lamp and/
or message on the display unit. It informs the operator that imme-
diate attention is required.
Buzzer
The buzzer sounds at the same time the red central warning lamp
illuminates if any of the following faults are indicated:
– Low engine oil pressure
– Low transmission oil pressure
– Low parking/service brake pressure
– Parking brake (if applied in gear)
– Low hydraulic oil level
– Low steering system pressure
– High engine coolant temperature
– High hydraulic oil temperature
3
Battery charge warning (red)
This lamp is energized if the alternator is not charging. A message
is shown on the display unit if the electrical system voltage drops
below 21 volts or rises above 31 volts.
Instrument panels
24 Center instrument panel
4
Hydraulic oil temperature warning (red)
(optional)
This lamp indicates the hydraulic oil temperature in the reservoir
is too high. It is accompanied by the red central warning lamp,
buzzer, and display message.
Fluid temperature must be kept within acceptable limits in order to
retain its viscosity and other properties necessary for satisfactory
operation between oil change intervals. Refer to Service and
maintenance, Hydraulic system page 193 for further information.
5
Transmission pressure warning (red)
This lamp indicates low transmission oil pressure. It is accompa-
nied by the red central warning lamp, buzzer, and display mes-
sage.
6
Service brake warning (red)
This lamp indicates low brake system pressure or one of the brake
circuits is not functioning. It is accompanied by the red central
warning lamp, buzzer, and display message.
WARNING!
If the brake warning lamp and alarm energize during
grader operation, the brake system is faulty and must be
repaired by a qualified service technician. Do not drive the
grader.
Instrument panels
Center instrument panel 25
7
MBCS status lamp (amber)
The lamp indicates the MBCS (Moveable Blade Control System)
lock is disengaged. Refer to Moveable Blade Control System page
107.
8
Parking brake applied (red)
This lamp indicates the parking brake is applied. If the brake is ap-
plied when the transmission is in gear, the lamp is accompanied
by the red central warning lamp, buzzer, and display message.
9
Engine air filter restriction (amber)
This lamp indicates restricted air flow through the engine air filter
and is accompanied by the amber central warning lamp. If this
lamp lights up, service or clean the engine air filter. Refer to Ser-
vice and maintenance, Engine air filter elements page 170.
10
Filter bypass warning (amber)
(optional)
This lamp indicates either the transmission or hydraulic filter is
clogged. It is accompanied by a message in the display panel
identifying which filter is bypassing and the amber central warning
lamp.
11
Primary steering system (red)
(Secondary steering option only)
This lamp indicates low steering system hydraulic pressure. It is
accompanied by the red central warning, buzzer, and display mes-
sage.
The Secondary steering option is an auxiliary hydraulic system
that allows the operator to make steering corrections more easily
in the event of loss of hydraulic flow to the steering unit. The igni-
WARNING! tion key must be in the “I” (running) position for this system to func-
Operate the system only long enough tion. The system will also turn on when the test switch is activated,
to make a steering correction – see below.
maximum two minutes.
Secondary steering system check
Refer to Secondary steering system test switch page 42.
Instrument panels
26 Center instrument panel
12
High beam (blue)
The blue control lamp is on when the high beam lights are on. Re-
fer to the Directional indicator/High beam/Horn button page 43.
13
Directional indicators (green)
This lamp flashes when the directional indicator lever is moved for
turning left or right and when the 4-way hazard flasher switch is
activated.
14
Differential lock status (amber)
This lamp energizes when the differential lock is in the LOCK po-
sition.
15
Engine preheat (amber)
This lamp indicates the engine preheating element is on. Refer to
Side console instrument panel, Engine preheat switch page 49.
After 10 to 50 seconds (the time depends on the coolant temper-
ature) the preheating element will be disconnected and the lamp
extinguished.
For cold starting instructions, refer to Starting the engine page 85.
16
Secondary steering system status (amber)
(Secondary steering option only)
This lamp will energize simultaneously with the Primary steering
system lamp. It indicates the secondary steering system has been
activated.
Instrument panels
Center instrument panel 27
17
Display unit
For display information, refer to the Pedestal head instruments,
Keypad, display unit page 30.
18
Engine oil pressure gauge
The pointer displays the current engine oil pressure. If the pointer
enters the red sector, the lamp beside the gauge will illuminate
along with the red central warning, buzzer, and display message.
19
Engine coolant temperature gauge
The pointer displays the current engine coolant temperature. If the
pointer enters the red sector, the lamp beside the gauge will illu-
minate along with the red central warning, buzzer, and display
message.
20
Fuel gauge
The gauge shows the current level in the fuel tank. Check your fuel
supply when the grader is on level ground. If the pointer moves
into the red area, the warning lamp will illuminate indicating the
machine should be refuelled. In this situation, there is approxi-
mately 17% of fuel capacity left. Refuel the machine to avoid air
entering the system.
If the tank has been run empty, see Bleeding the fuel system page
168 under Service and maintenance.
Fill the tank at the end of each shift. This reduces the chance of
condensation forming in the fuel tank.
For the capacity of the fuel tank, see Specifications, Capacities
page 219.
21
(not used)
22
Hydraulic oil level (red)
(optional)
This lamp illuminates when the hydraulic oil level is too low in the
reservoir. It is accompanied by the red central warning lamp, buzz-
er, and display message.
23
(not used)
Instrument panels
28 Pedestal instrument panel
1
Transmission gear display
The transmission gear display is located in the top left-hand side
of the pedestal. It displays the transmission gear selected.
Code Meaning With the shift lever in the FORWARD position, the display shows
the number of the forward gear, for example ‘3’.
.8.8 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) test With the shift lever in the REVERSE position, the display shows a
negative number, for example ‘-2’.
7.8 ECU (Electronic Control Unit)
identification Refer to Shifting gears page 87.
The gear display can also provide other information:
8.4 ECU identification (All Wheel
n It indicates a Start code sequence on start-up.
Drive)
n It shows an error code if there is a fault in the transmission or
1 Last gear memorized* (example) All Wheel Drive electrical system.
-1 Opposite gear* (example)
Start code sequence
* Alternating display while in neutral
When you start the engine, the transmission gear display will show
a series of codes called the Start code sequence.
Instrument panels
Pedestal instrument panel 29
Error codes
The transmission ECU (electronic control unit) continuously mon-
itors the transmission and the AWD (All Wheel Drive) electrical
system. In the event of a malfunction in either of these systems,
an error code is shown in the gear display. Record any error
codes and have the electrical system repaired by a qualified
service technician. For further information on Error Codes,
see the Service manual.
2
Articulation indicator gauge
The indicator needle displays the degree the grader frame is artic-
ulated. The frame is straight with the needle in the center position.
3
Keypad, display unit
The keypad allows access to information in different areas of the
grader. The information is organized into systems (function
groups).
Engine
Engine speed, Coolant temperature, Oil pressure, Air inlet tem-
perature, Boost temperature, Boost pressure, Fuel temperature,
Fuel pressure (G740B, G746B and G780B only), Coolant level.
Transmission
Transmission oil pressure, Filter bypass (optional), VHP status
Hydraulics
Brake pressure, Hydraulic filter bypass (optional), Hydraulic oil
temperature (optional), Hydraulic oil level (optional).
Electrical system
System voltage
SETUP key displays the menu for making changes to units and
language. Refer to Setup, language and units page 34.
Display unit
Displayed information
The display unit provides information to the operator. This infor-
mation is divided into three groups:
1 Operating information, etc.
2 Warning displays (low pressure etc.)
3 ERROR displays (sensor and control device check)
Operating information display
Display classes
The information shown on the display for the operator is organized
into the following classes:
Class 1: WARNING
Shown regardless of which display is selected. “WARNING” dis-
play is shown for 2 seconds, then the previous display for 3 sec-
onds. This is repeated for as long as the malfunction remains.
Generally, the red central warning lamp flashes while the alarm
text is shown.
Class 2: INFORMATION
Shown regardless of which display is selected. “INFO” display is
shown for 2 seconds, then the previous display for 3 seconds. This
is repeated until the info display has been shown 3 times.
Generally, the amber central warning lamp flashes while the info
display is shown.
The next time the machine is started, the info display is repeated
if it is still active.
Class 3: ERROR
Shown regardless of which display is selected. “ERROR” display
is shown for 2 seconds, then the previous display for 3 seconds.
This is repeated as long as the malfunction remains.
Generally, the amber central warning lamp flashes while the error
display is shown.
Class 4: SERVICE INFO
Shown regardless of which display is selected. “SERVICE INFO”
display is shown for 2 seconds, then the previous display for 3
seconds. This is repeated until acknowledged by “reset”.
Generally, the amber central warning lamp flashes while the ser-
vice info display is shown.
Multi-info/warning/error display:
If several info/warning/error displays are active simultaneously,
they are shown one after the other.
Machines with the optional speedometer
At vehicle speeds greater than 20 km/h (12.4 mph), the info/warn-
ing/error display is shown first, then “Operating info” is shown,
then the next info/warning/error display, etc. At speeds less than
20 km/h (12.4 mph), the display information follows the sequence
described in its class, with the “previous” display shown between
the alternating multiple displays.
For machines not equipped with a speedometer, the information
displayed follows the sequence described in its class above, with
the “previous” display shown between the alternating multiple dis-
plays.
Instrument panels
34 Pedestal instrument panel
x= Machine model
y= Tire size designation
y= Distance travelled, units in km or mi. Shown up to
999,999 km or 621,372 miles.
NOTE! Values for distance are only shown if the speedometer
option is installed on the machine.
The bars indicate the total time left until the next service interval.
Each one represents 25 hours.
When 8 hours remain to next service, the display shows “Time to
change engine oil”.
To acknowledge and remove information, press SELECT.
Warning displays
The following alarm texts may appear on the display unit.
4
4-way hazard flasher switch
Depress the top of the rocker switch to turn on the 4-way flashers.
Depress the bottom of the switch to turn them off.
The directional indicator lamp in the center display will flash when
the 4-way flashers are activated. The red indicator lamp on the
switch will flash when the flashers are activated.
5
Differential lock/unlock switch
The top of the rocker switch is depressed to activate the differen-
tial lock; the bottom of the switch is depressed to deactivate.
The differential lock status lamp in the center display panel and the
lamp on the switch energize when the differential lock is in the
LOCK position.
Put the control switch in the LOCK position for normal grading op-
erations when maximum traction is required. Put the control
switch in the UNLOCK position when differential action is required.
This will reduce the turning radius and decrease tire scuffing when
operating on paved surfaces.
WARNING!
Lock or unlock the differential ONLY when driving at slow
speeds, in a straight line or if the grader is stopped. Do
not lock or unlock the differential while making a turn or
when the tandem wheels on one side are spinning.
Damage to the differential could result.
Instrument panels
42 Pedestal instrument panel
6
MBCS (Moveable Blade Control System)
lock pin switch
The switch has a secondary release to activate it and prevent in-
voluntary release of the MBCS lock pin. Push up on the secondary
release and the top of the rocker switch to retract the pin. The
MBCS status lamp in the center display energizes to indicate that
the lock pin is retracted.
Push the bottom of the switch to engage the MBCS lock pin.
See also Moveable Blade Control System page 107.
7
Secondary steering system test switch
(optional)
This is a momentary style switch. Push on the top of the switch to
activate and deactivate the system. The switch defaults to the off
position.
To test the Secondary steering system:
n Turn the ignition key to the “I” (running) position. Do not start
the engine.
n Depress the top of the rocker switch to activate the system.
The Red central warning lamp, Primary steering system lamp
and the Secondary steering lamp in the center instrument
panel will energize accompanied by a buzzer and display
message.
Instrument panels
Pedestal instrument panel 43
WARNING!
Do not operate the supplementary steering system longer
than two minutes. Equipment damage will result.
n If the steering wheel does not turn easily, there is a fault in the
system. Have the system repaired by a qualified service tech-
nician.
8
Directional indicator/High beam/Horn but-
ton
Directional indicator
Move the turn signal switch lever UP to activate the right-hand turn
signal. Move the turn signal switch lever DOWN to activate the
left-hand turn signal.
High beam
Pull the lever back towards the operator to change the headlights
from low beam to high beam and back. A blue lamp illuminates in
the display panel to indicate high beam.
Horn button
Push in on the end of the lever to sound the horn.
Instrument panels
44 Pedestal instrument panel
9
Float valves power switch
The float valve switch arms the float system for the moldboard and
attachments. This is a momentary style switch.
Push the power switch up to activate the system; push down to de-
activate. Lights mounted on the front of the pedestal indicate that
the system is activated. See below.
WARNING!
Do not use float control to lower moldboard. Loss of
control of grader could result.
10
Front float valves system indicator lights
(control lamp amber)
These indicator lamps are mounted on the front right-hand side of
the pedestal. They illuminate when the Front float valve system is
active. If the option is not installed on the grader, the lamp will not
illuminate.
NOTE! If the valve is already in the float position (4th position
detent), and the floats have not been activated, move the le-
ver out of the float position in order to activate the system.
11
Parking brake switch
Push in the knob to apply the parking brake; pull out to release it.
The switch must be pushed in (parking brake applied) to start the
grader.
Instrument panels
Side console instrument panel 45
1
Heater air conditioner fan speed switch
(optional)
Turn the knob to increase or decrease the heater air/conditioner
fan speed.
0 = System off
1 = Low fan speed
2 = Medium fan speed
3 = High fan speed
2
Air conditioner switch
(optional)
The air conditioning system is turned on and off using the rocker
switch. Depress the top of the switch to turn the system on. De-
press the bottom of the switch to turn it off. An indicator lamp in the
switch illuminates when the switch is activated.
3
Heater/air conditioner temperature control
(optional)
Turn the knob clockwise to raise the air temperature (warmer).
Turn it counterclockwise to lower the air temperature (cooler).
Instrument panels
Side console instrument panel 47
4
Front defroster fan switch
(optional)
This is a three position switch. Depress the top of the switch to po-
sition two to activate low speed. Depress the top of the switch
again to position three to activate high fan speed. Depress the bot-
tom of the switch to turn it off.
5
Rear defroster fan switch
(optional)
This is a three position switch. Depress the top of the switch to po-
sition two to activate low speed. Depress the top of the switch
again to position three to activate high fan speed. Depress the bot-
tom of the switch to turn it off.
6
Heated mirrors switch (optional)
Depress the top of the switch to activate the heated external cab
mirrors. An indicator lamp in the switch illuminates to show the
switch has been activated. Depress the bottom of the switch to
turn them off.
7
Headlights, EEC headlights and parking
lights switch
This is a three position rocker switch. Depress the top of the switch
to position two to turn on the parking lights only. Depress the top
of the switch to position three to turn on the front headlights along
with the parking lights. If the high beam lights are on, the blue con-
trol lamp in the center display panel will be on.
8
Extra headlights switch
(optional)
This switch is used for extra headlights. Depress the top of the
rocker switch to turn on these lights. Depress the bottom of the
switch to turn them off.
Instrument panels
48 Side console instrument panel
9
Lower windows wiper/washer
(optional)
The wiper switch has three positions. Move it clockwise one in-
dexed position for normal speed. Move it two indexed positions for
fast speed. The windshield washer activates when the switch is
pushed (spring return). See also Windshield washer fluid reser-
voir, front and rear windows page 200
10
Front windshield wiper/washer
(optional)
The wiper switch has three positions. Move it clockwise one in-
dexed position for normal speed. Move it two indexed positions for
fast speed. The windshield washer activates when the switch is
pushed (spring return).
11
Rear windshield wiper/washer
(optional)
The wiper switch has three positions. Move it clockwise one in-
dexed position for normal speed. Move it two indexed positions for
fast speed. The windshield washer activates when the switch is
pushed (spring return).
Instrument panels
Side console instrument panel 49
12
Ignition switch
The Ignition switch has four positions.
O Turned off
R Radio position
I Running position and preheating position
II (not used)
III Starting position
See also Ignition switch page 83.
13
Engine preheat switch
This momentary style switch is used for connecting a heating ele-
ment in the intake manifold.
To turn on the preheating element, turn the ignition key to the “I”
position. Depress and release the switch. The lamp in the center
instrument panel illuminates to indicate the element is connected.
Refer to Starting the engine page 85.
14 and 15
Amber and blue revolving beacon light
switches
(optional)
Depress the top end of the rocker switch to turn on the revolving
beacon. Depress the bottom end of the rocker switch to turn it off.
An indicator lamp on the switch illuminates when the switch is ac-
tivated.
16
Wing lights switch (optional)
Depress the top end of the rocker switch to turn on the wing lights.
Depress the bottom of the switch to turn them off. An indicator
lamp on the switch illuminates when the switch is activated.
17
Tire pump switch (optional)
Depress the top end of the rocker switch to activate the tire pump.
Depress the bottom of the switch to turn it off. An indicator lamp
on the switch illuminates when the switch is activated.
Instrument panels
50 Side console instrument panel
18
Moldboard lights switch
(optional)
Depressing the top of the rocker switch turns on the moldboard
work lights. Depress the bottom of the switch to turn them off. An
indicator lamp on the switch illuminates when the switch is activat-
ed.
19
Rear flood lights switch
(optional)
Depressing the top of the rocker switch turns on the floodlights on
the rear of the machine. Depress the bottom of the switch to turn
them off. An indicator lamp on the switch illuminates when the
switch is activated.
Instrument panels
Side console instrument panel 51
20
Fuse and relay center access panel
The fuse panel is installed inside the console cover and contains
circuit breakers, fuses, relays, and the directional indicator flasher
unit. See Basic Preventive maintenance, Electrical system, Circuit
breakers and fuses page 183, for additional information.
If an electrical overload occurs:
n The button of the applicable circuit breaker extends to the
open position.
n The element of the applicable automotive blade-type fuse
melts.
To reconnect the electrical circuit:
n Press the circuit breaker button into the closed position.
n Find and discard the fuse with the broken element. Install a
new fuse having the same amperage rating.
NOTE! If the problem persists, have it repaired by a qualified
service technician.
21
Socket for service display unit
The service socket is positioned on the side console beside the
fuse access panel.
Contact an authorized dealer workshop.
22
Instrument lighting level
This control is used for regulating the intensity of the instrument
lighting (gauges and control lamps).
Turning the control to the right increases the light intensity.
NOTE! Switch 7 (Headlight switch) must be on.
23
24V Remote electrical receptacle
(Not shown in main overview illustration)
A remote 24 volt electrical receptacle is located on the front panel
of the right-hand side console.
Instrument panels
52 All Wheel Drive control panel
Warning lamps
These warning lamps indicate a malfunction with the system. If
any of these lamps energize during normal operation of the All
Wheel Drive system and remain on, perform the following:
n Turn the system off.
n Stop the grader and report the malfunction.
n Investigate the cause.
n Have the system repaired by qualified service personnel.
n Do not attempt to use the All Wheel Drive system until the fault
is repaired.
1
System activation lamp
This lamp indicates the All Wheel Drive system is activated.
1 System activation lamp (green)
2 Low oil level lamp (red)
2
3 Oil filter clogged lamp (amber) Low oil level lamp
4 Creep mode activation lamp (green) This warning lamp will energize, the buzzer will sound and the sys-
5 High oil temperature lamp (red) tem automatically shuts down when the oil level in the hydraulic oil
reservoir is too low.
6 Low oil pressure lamp (red)
7 System activation switch
3
8 Creep mode activation switch
9 All Wheel Drive aggression dial Oil filter clogged lamp
This warning lamp will energize when the filter becomes clogged.
It may also energize during a cold start but will correct itself when
the oil temperature increases.
Instrument panels
All Wheel Drive control panel 53
4
Creep mode activation lamp
Indicates the Creep Mode has been activated.
5
High oil temperature
If the oil temperature increases above an acceptable level, the
high temperature warning lamp energizes and the system auto-
matically shuts down.
6
Low oil pressure
If the All Wheel Drive hydraulic system charge pressure drops be-
low a safe value, the charge pressure warning lamp energizes, the
buzzer sounds and the system automatically shuts down.
7
System activation switch
All Wheel Drive is available in gears 1 to 7. Push the top of the
rocker switch to engage the All Wheel Drive system. To deactivate
it, depress the bottom of the switch. For more information on the
use and function of the All Wheel Drive system, see Operating in-
structions, All Wheel Drive models page 91.
8
Creep mode activation switch
Creep Mode is used for low speed, fine grading using the front
wheel drive only. It will operate at speeds from 0 to 3,2 km/h (0 to
2 mph) in forward and reverse. Creep mode is activated by de-
pressing the top of the spring return rocker switch. It is deactivated
by pressing the top of the switch again. For more information on
the use and function of the All Wheel Drive system, see Operating
instructions, All Wheel Drive models page 91.
9
All Wheel Drive aggression dial
Different tractive conditions can be encountered by the front and
the rear of the machine. This will only occur when grading under
diverse conditions with the All Wheel Drive system engaged. The
16-position manual dial control is used to fine tune speed differ-
ences that may occur between the front and the rear wheels.
n A lower setting slows the front wheel rotational speed com-
pared to the rear; a higher setting increases the front wheel ro-
tational speed in comparison to the rear.
Instrument panels
54 Other
Other
21
Dome light switch
The dome light switch is located on the right-hand door post. De-
press the top of the rocker switch to turn on the interior dome light.
Depress the bottom of the switch to turn it off.
22
Cigar lighter
The electric power to the glow coil is connected when the cigar
lighter is pushed in. When the right temperature is reached, the
lighter will be pushed out automatically.
The cigar lighter may also be used as a 12 V DC (15 A) power
socket.
23
Hourmeter
(not shown in main overview illustration)
The Hourmeter is located next to the heater vent on the right-hand
side of the cab. It displays the hours of engine operation.
Controls
Operator controls 55
Controls
Operator controls
1
Clutch pedal
Use the clutch pedal when you are starting from a complete stop or
changing directions. Do not start to move the grader in any forward
gear higher than 4th or any reverse gear higher than -2nd. Refer to
Shifting gears page 87.
2
Brake pedal
3
Accelerator/decelerator pedal
n Depress the pedal toe to increase rpm.
n Release the pedal to decrease engine rpm.
n Use the pedal to override the hand throttle setting.
n Depress the pedal heel to decrease engine rpm when the hand
throttle is set.
n When you remove your foot from the pedal, the engine speed
will return to the preset hand throttle position. Refer to Hand
throttle.
NOTE! If the engine is started with the hand throttle above low
idle position, the accelerator will not function. Move the hand
throttle lever to low idle position to obtain accelerator re-
sponse.
4
Hand throttle
The hand throttle provides a fixed engine speed control during grading.
NOTE! Do not use the hand throttle when roading the grader.
The hand throttle is self-locking in any position. Moving the throttle
handle releases the locking mechanism and allows free movement of
the lever. When starting the engine, the hand throttle lever must be in
the low idle position (pulled back towards you) to achieve accelerator
function.
5
Transmission shift lever
The transmission shift lever is mounted in the console on the oper-
ator’s right-hand side. The shift lever is equipped with a neutral lock
button. The shift lever may only be moved to the FORWARD or RE-
VERSE position if the neutral lock button on the shift lever knob is
depressed. NEUTRAL may be selected without depressing the neu-
tral lock button. The alarm will sound if the transmission FORWARD
or REVERSE mode is selected when the parking brake is applied.
A digital display is incorporated into the pedestal to show you which
gear the transmission is in. See Transmission gear display page 28.
Refer to Shifting gears page 87.
6
Steering wheel
The steering wheel is used to steer the grader. Refer to Operating
instructions, Steering page 93.
Controls
Operator comfort 57
Operator comfort
7
Operator seat and seat belt
Adjust the seat before starting the grader. Ensure the parking
brake is applied.
Weight adjustment
Adjust the seat for the operator’s weight by turning the weight ad-
juster knob with the seat empty. The indicator shows the set
weight.
To prevent injury, you must check and adjust the operator’s weight
setting before driving the machine.
Height adjustment
You can adjust the seat height at several settings. Raise the seat
to the required height until it audibly latches into place. When the
seat is raised above the highest setting (endstop), it drops back
down to the lowest position.
Fore/aft adjustment
You can adjust the fore/aft setting by lifting the locking bar or lever
(depending on your model).
The locking bar or lever must latch securely into the desired posi-
tion. It should not be possible to move the seat into another posi-
tion when it is locked.
Controls
58 Operator comfort
Armrest adjustment
You can change the inclination of the armrests by turning the ad-
justment knob (arrow).
Controls
Operator comfort 59
Armrests
You can fold and adjust the height of the armrests individually if re-
quired. To adjust the armrest height, remove the round plastic cap
to expose a hexagon nut (see arrow). Loosen the nut (size 13
mm). Adjust the armrest to the desired position, retighten the nut
and install the round plastic cap.
Lumbar support
You can adjust both the height and curvature of the backrest cush-
ion individually by turning the adjustment knob (arrow) to the left
or right. This helps to increase seating comfort and operator effi-
ciency.
Dirt can impair the function of the seat. Make sure you keep
your seat clean!
Upholstery can be quickly and simply removed from the seat
frame for easy cleaning or replacement. Take care when removing
upholstery from the backrest frame. The frame may jerk forward
and cause injury! When cleaning the upholstery, make sure the
material is not soaked through. Use a standard commercially
available upholstery or plastics cleaning agent. Test first for
compatibility on a small, concealed area.
Controls
60 Operator comfort
Seat belt
Adjust the seat and fasten the seat belt. The seat belt must fit snug
and low around your hips. The holding strap must be free of slack.
n Hold the clasp end of the seat belt with your left hand.
n Pull the right side of the belt out from the seat with your right
hand until there is enough slack to reach across your lap to the
clasp.
n Insert the belt into the clasp. Check that it is secure.
n Allow the belt to retract when fastened to fit snug and low
around your hips. The seat belt must be free of slack.
WARNING!
Wear seat belt when operating machine.
8
Pedestal tilt pedal
To move the pedestal forwards or backwards:
n Grasp the steering wheel.
n Push down on the pedal located at the bottom of the pedestal
column.
n Move the pedestal to the desired position and release the
pedal.
Controls
Operator comfort 61
9
Steering wheel tilt lever
Pull up on this lever to tilt the steering wheel and pedestal head.
Releasing the lever locks the steering wheel in one of the four po-
sitions.
To tilt the steering wheel and control head assembly:
n Grasp the steering wheel and lift the lever located on the up-
per right-hand side of the pedestal column.
n Move the steering wheel and control head to one of the four
positions.
n Release the lever and ensure it latches securely.
10
Climate control system
Cab ventilation
n The cab can also be ventilated by opening the doors. Secure
the doors in the open position by pushing them all the way
open until they latch against the stop on the side of the cab.
n Release the door by pulling the release lever beside the seat.
Hydraulic controls
11
Hydraulic controls
1 and 6
Left-hand and right-hand blade lift
n Push forward on both levers at the same time to lower the
moldboard.
n Pull back on both levers at the same time to raise the mold-
board.
Controls
Hydraulic controls 65
n Push forward on the lever for the side you wish to lower.
n Pull back on the lever for the side you wish to raise.
WARNING!
Do not use the float control to lower the moldboard. Loss
of control of the grader could result.
2
Moldboard slide shift lever
This lever is the third lever in from the extreme left. It controls the
left-to-right sliding action of the moldboard.
n Push forward on the moldboard slide shift lever to slide the
blade out to the left-hand side of the grader.
n Pull back on the lever to slide the blade to the right-hand side
of the grader.
3
Circle turn lever
This lever is the fifth lever in from the extreme left. It controls the
clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the circle and mold-
board assembly.
n Push forward on the circle turn lever to rotate the circle coun-
terclockwise.
n Pull back on the lever to rotate the circle clockwise.
WARNING!
Keep clear when engine is running or moldboard is off
ground.
Controls
Hydraulic controls 67
4
Circle shift lever
This lever is the fifth lever in from the extreme right. It controls the
circle shift function.
n Push forward on the circle shift lever to move the circle and
moldboard assembly to the left.
n Pull back on the lever to move the assembly to the right.
5
Front wheel lean lever
This lever is the third lever in from the extreme right. It controls the
lean of the front wheels to the left or right for a reduced turning ra-
dius and improved machine stability while grading.
n Push forward on the wheel lean lever to lean the front wheels
to the left.
n Pull back on the lever to lean the wheels to the right.
Controls
68 Hydraulic controls
7
Control lever for scarifier, ripper or windrow elimi-
nator
This lever is the second lever in from the extreme right. The at-
tachments lever normally controls the scarifier function. The lever
also controls either a ripper or windrow eliminator if the grader is
not equipped with a scarifier.
n Push forward on the control lever to lower the attachment.
n Pull back on the lever to raise the attachment.
8
Articulation lever
This lever is located fourth from the extreme right. The articulation
lever controls the direction of the articulation function.
NOTE! Remove the articulation lock pins before attempting to
articulate the grader.
n Push forward on the control lever to articulate the grader to the
left.
n Pull back on the lever to articulate the grader to the right.
n The indicator gauge in the pedestal displays the amount of
frame articulation.
Refer to Steering using articulation page 93.
WARNING!
Do not articulate the grader when operating on steep
slopes or when roading the machine. Grader could roll
over. Severe personal injury or death could result. Always
articulate the grader prior to moving onto the slope.
Controls
Hydraulic controls 69
9
Moldboard tilt lever
This lever is located fourth from the extreme left. Use the mold-
board tilt feature to ensure that the grading material rolls freely off
the blade.
n Push forward on this lever to tilt the moldboard forward.
n Pull back on this lever to tilt the moldboard rearward.
10
A-frame attachments lever
This lever is the second lever in from the extreme left. It controls
the raising and lowering action of the front-mounted dozer blade/
scarifier or other attachment.
n Push the lever forward to lower the attachment.
n Pull the lever back to raise the attachment.
On motor graders equipped with optional front lift float capabilities,
operate the lever to select the detent position. Refer to Front float
valve system operation page 65 for further information.
n For float action, push forward on the lever until it locks in the
detent.
n Pull backward on the lever to return it to the normal operating
position.
Controls
70 Hydraulic controls
12
Auxiliary hydraulic controls
(optional)
Controls levers for additional attachments such as a rear ripper,
windrow eliminator or snow wing as equipped are placed to the
right of the operator’s seat.
n Push forward on the control lever to lower the attachment.
n Pull back on the lever to raise the attachment.
Other controls
(not shown in main overview illustration)
Accumulators
Some graders are equipped with blade lift and circle shift accumu-
lators. The accumulators absorb shock loads and protect the sys-
tem from impact damage when the grader is working in severe
applications.
In fine grading operations where a high degree of blading toler-
ance is needed, the accumulators can be isolated from the hy-
draulic system. This is done using shut-off valves. Shut-off valve
handles are found in the toolbox located on the right-hand tandem
case for this purpose. Turn the handle clockwise to disconnect the
accumulator from the hydraulic system.
Turn the handle counterclockwise to connect the accumulator to
the hydraulic system.
Radio/tape player
A factory-installed radio/tape player is available as an option. The
radio console is mounted in the headliner to the left behind the op-
erator. Twin speakers are installed in the upper rear corners of the
cab. Refer to the instructions supplied in the package of manuals.
Operating instructions
Introduction
This chapter contains rules which must be followed to make work-
ing with the machine safe. However, these rules do not relieve the
operator from following laws or other national regulations for traffic
safety, industrial safety, and labor welfare.
Alertness, judgement and respect for applicable safety regulations
are conditions necessary to avoid the risk of accidents.
Operating instructions
74 Running-in period
Running-in period
NOTE! Check oil pressure and temperature often.
During the running-in period or the first 50 hours, the machine
must be operated with a certain amount of care.
The following instructions and intervals apply during the running-
in period.
Engine
The engine oil should be changed and the filters replaced after
100 hours of operation. Other new engine commissioning opera-
tions to be performed at this time are:
– Replace fuel filter cartridge
– Drain and check fuel filter/water separator.
– Check engine mounts (retighten as necessary)
– Check V-belts (retighten as necessary)
– Inspect engine for leaks
Filters
Change the following filters after the initial 100 hours. Refer to
Recommended lubricants page 217 for further instructions.
– Change the hydraulic oil filter after the first 100 hours, then ev-
ery 500 hours thereafter. See Hydraulic system filter element
page 194.
– Change the transmission filter after the first 100 hours, then
every 500 hours thereafter. See Transmission filter element
page 186.
Lubricants
Change the following lubricants after the initial 100 hours.
– Change the final drive lubricant and clean the magnetic plug,
see Final drives page 188.
– Change the All Wheel Drive gearbox oil (if equipped), refer to
All Wheel Drive, Gearbox oil, changing page 195.
Other checks
Re-torque the final drive to frame bolts and the final drive to tan-
dem bolts. See Critical mounting torques page 231.
Operating instructions
Safety and responsibility 75
Operator precautions
n Avoid loose fitting clothing, loose or uncovered long hair, jew-
elry and loose personal articles. These can be caught in mov-
ing parts. Jewelry may also ground a live electrical circuit.
n Know and use the protective equipment that is to be worn
when operating or servicing the grader. Hard hats, protective
glasses, protective shoes, gloves, reflector type vests, respi-
rators and hearing protection are types of equipment that may
be required.
n Do not rush. Walk, do not run.
n Keep the steps, handholds, operator’s platform, seat, pedals
and controls in good condition. Keep them clean and clear of
debris, mud, ice and grease.
n Do not dismount from the grader with the engine running. Be-
fore leaving the operator’s cab, place the transmission in neu-
tral, lower the moldboard and all attachments to the ground.
Apply the parking brake. Shut down the engine. Remove and
retain the ignition key.
n Know and use the hand signals required for particular jobs.
Know who has the responsibility for signaling. Ensure the
lights are working properly at all times.
n Clean the grader regularly. Keep windows, mirrors and lights
clean. Replace all broken windows and mirrors.
n Ensure the back-up alarm and back-up lights work properly.
Never disconnect the back-up alarm or lights.
n Ensure that your grader is properly equipped for emergencies.
Equipment such as a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, flares may
be required. Locate and know how to use this equipment.
n It is the responsibility of the machine user to determine the ex-
istence of special hazards such as toxic gases, ground condi-
tions, etc. that require special precautions. Take the
Hand signals for on-site traffic control necessary actions to eliminate the hazards.
1 Back-up
2 Clearance
3 Stop
WARNING!
4 Change direction
Do not coast downhill. Excess speed could cause serious
transmission damage and loss of control of grader.
Severe personal injury or death could result.
WARNING!
Sudden loss of any fluid indicates a serious malfunction.
Stop grader and consult a qualified service technician.
WARNING!
Do not use float control to lower moldboard. Loss of
control of grader could result.
Driving on a roadway
n Understand and obey traffic laws, road signs and signals.
n Keep both ends of the moldboard high and within the width of
the grader.
n Use extra caution at all intersections.
n Be aware of traffic behind you. If necessary, pull over to the
side of the road and allow the vehicles to pass safely.
n Stop and look both ways at railway crossings. Proceed when
clear.
n Ensure your grader is properly equipped for roading. Such
equipment as lights, flashing beacon, turn signals and warn-
ing devices such as flags and a slow moving vehicle sign may
be required. Check the local traffic laws for the correct travel-
ing requirements.
n Ensure the articulation lock pins are installed when roading
the grader.
SMV Plate (slow moving vehicle) n Drive cautiously when entering or leaving the shoulder of the
road to avoid a rollover.
n Do not use the hand throttle when roading the grader.
Operating instructions
Safety and responsibility 77
WARNING!
Do not articulate the grader when operating on steep
slopes. Grader could roll over. Severe personal injury or
death could result.
Night operation
n Ensure the grader is properly equipped for night operation.
Equipment such as worklights, headlights, beacons and a
slow moving vehicle sign may be required.
n Ensure the worklights are properly aimed. Dim the headlights
for approaching traffic.
n When stopping at night near traffic areas, drive the grader off
to the side of the road and set out flares or reflectors.
Snow removal
n Snow removal presents unique hazards due to weather con-
ditions, poor visibility, slippery road surfaces, high operating
speed, and other traffic. Be sure your grader is in good condi-
tion and that you have been properly trained before doing this
work.
n Ensure your grader has the proper attachments before plow-
ing snow. Equipment such as tire chains, warning lights, addi-
tional beacons and markings may be required.
n Keep your windshield and other window areas clean and clear
for the best possible visibility. Use the windshield wipers and
the window defrosters.
n Be alert for any obstructions covered by snow. Obstructions
such as manhole covers, curbs, bridge abutments, embank-
ments and fire hydrants, etc. may be hazardous.
n Ensure the snow wing is fully raised when not in use and se-
cured with the proper chains.
Operating instructions
78 Safety and responsibility
Special hazards
n Do not stop or turn the grader around on curves or at the crest
of hills.
n Be alert when grading haul roads as normal rules of the road
might not be observed.
n Use extra care when grading against oncoming traffic. Pre-
cautions such as flags, barricades, flashing lights, and flag-
men may be needed to alert traffic.
n Do not operate the grader in areas where volatile gases may
be present. Explosion could result. If you encounter an area
where volatile gases may be present, shut down the grader
and leave the area immediately.
Fire
n Remove dust and combustible debris from the grader regular-
ly.
n Inspect the grader daily for potential fire hazards such as
damaged electrical wires. Have necessary repairs made im-
mediately.
n Ensure that excess oil, grease or fuel is cleaned up immedi-
ately.
n Ensure the grader is properly equipped for grading in dry or
forested areas. Equipment such as a spark arrestor may be
required.
ROPS
The cab is for the protection of the operator and meets the require-
ments for Roll Over Protective Structure according to the adopted
standard (ROPS). A precondition for the protection is that the op-
erator uses the seat belt and remains in the cab. Therefore, hold
on to the steering wheel if the machine should roll over. Do not
jump!
FOPS
The cab is designed to meet the requirements for objects falling
onto the cab roof according to given testing methods for Falling
Object Protective Structure (FOPS). A precondition for the protec-
tion is that the operator uses the seat belt and remains in the cab.
Therefore, hold to the steering wheel if the machine should roll
over. Do not jump!
Emergency exit
The left-hand door opening is the most commonly used entrance.
The right-hand door opening can be used as the EXIT in case of
an emergency.
Models equipped with a snow wing are supplied with an emergen-
cy hammer located inside the left-hand door post. It can be used
to break the glass in case of a rollover.
Operating instructions
Safety and responsibility 79
Towing
n When it is necessary to tow the grader, do not exceed 8 km/h
(5 mph).
n Be sure the towing machine has sufficient braking capacity to
stop the towed load.
n If the towed grader cannot be braked, a tow bar or two towing
machines must be used – one in front pulling and one at the
rear to provide braking. Do not tow over long distances.
n Use the tow hitch when using the grader for towing. If a cable
or chain is used, keep people away from the towline.
n Shielding of the operator(s) against towline breakage must be
provided. Refer to Operating instructions, Towing page 101.
WARNING!
Improper towing methods or equipment could result in
severe personal injury or death. Read and understand the
towing instructions and precautions in this manual.
Transporting
n Exercise safety and follow all local laws when loading, unload-
ing or transporting the grader. Refer to Operating instructions,
Safety and responsibility, Transporting the machine page 103.
Operating instructions
80 Before operating
Before operating
General rules
n Do not operate the grader unless you are a qualified operator.
n Read and understand the entire Operator’s Manual. Before
you operate the grader, understand its performance charac-
teristics, capabilities and limitations, and become thoroughly
familiar with all controls and instruments.
n Consult your supervisor if you do not understand the Opera-
tor’s Manual.
n Read and obey all safety signs on the grader. Ensure they are
kept clean and in good condition. Replace the safety signs if
they are damaged, missing or illegible. Refer to Plates and de-
cals page 12.
n Never drive or operate the grader while you are under the in-
fluence of alcohol or drugs.
n Know and follow your safety program rules.
n For specific safety requirements, potential work area hazards
and the necessary precautions, consult your supervisor.
n Before operating the grader, ensure it is properly equipped.
Consult your supervisor or your Volvo Dealer for details.
n Do not permit riders in or on the grader. Ensure all doors, pan-
els, inspection covers and the battery box cover are in place
and secure.
n Remove or secure loose objects in the cab such as lunch box-
es, tools, etc. Remove all objects which do not belong in or on
the grader.
n Before backing up, use extra care to ensure all persons and
vehicles are clear of the grader.
n Adjust the seat and fasten the seat belt. The seat belt must fit
snug and low around your hips. The holding strap must be free
of slack.
n Ensure the snow wing is fully raised when not in use and se-
cured with the proper chains.
n Before operating your grader, test the brakes, steering, trans-
mission, clutch and all controls and functions. Perform the test
in an area where the safety of personnel and property will not
be in jeopardy.
n If a malfunction is observed, park the grader and place a ‘DO
NOT OPERATE’ or similar warning tag on the steering wheel
and/or battery isolation switch. Be sure to remove the ignition
key. Report the problem and have it repaired before operating
the grader.
n If a failure occurs that causes loss of control such as steering,
service brakes or engine, stop the grader as quickly as possi-
ble. Keep the grader securely parked until the malfunction is
corrected or the grader can be safely towed.
n Understand the grader’s limitations and keep the grader under
control.
n Drive the grader with care and at speeds compatible with con-
ditions. Use extra caution when operating over rough ground,
on slopes, when ditching and when turning the grader.
Operating instructions
Before operating 81
Ignition switch
The ignition switch has four positions:
NOTE! Position II is not used.
O Turned off
R Radio position
I Running position and preheating position
III Starting position
O (OFF position)
In the “O” position, the engine stops immediately and the electrical
system is turned off.
NOTE! With the parking brake released and the ignition key in
the I position, the brake will be automatically applied if the
switch is moved to the R or O positions.
R (Radio position)
When the ignition key is in the “R” position:
– Current is supplied to some electrical equipment
– The engine is off in this position
NOTE! With the parking brake released and the ignition key in
the I position, the brake will be automatically applied if the
switch is moved to the R or O positions.
Red lamps
Amber lamps
Central warning
Green lamps
Blue lamps
If any of these lamps do not light up, either the lamp is faulty or
there is a fault in the electrical system. Have this problem correct-
ed before start-up. All lamps should be extinguished when the
grader starts up (unless there is a message in the display panel
stating otherwise).
Operating instructions
Starting the engine 85
WARNING!
Keep clear of the articulation joint when the engine is
running. There is a risk of crushing.
WARNING!
Do not use starting aids (ether, etc.) when preheating the
engine. Serious engine damage could result.
1 Turn the ignition key to position “I” (Running position and preheat
position).
2 Momentarily depress the Preheat element switch beside the igni-
tion switch on the side console. The preheat now remains engaged
for up to 50 seconds and the control lamp will illuminate.
3 When the control lamp goes out, turn the ignition key clockwise to
position “III” (start position). Release the key when the engine
starts. Making a starting attempt during the preheat cycle will can-
cel the preheat.
NOTE! The use of an immersion heater to warm the oil in the
engine is highly recommended or, if possible, store the grad-
er inside a heated facility.
4 After starting, the lamp may come on for a short period of time
indicating post heat.
A Control lamp, preheating element NOTE! If the control lamp stays on after a 50 second period,
B Switch, preheating element the preheating element is still connected. Check the function
of the element as there is a risk of overheating.
Operating instructions
86 Starting the engine
Shifting gears
Use the clutch pedal when you are starting from a complete stop
or changing directions.
NOTE! Do not start to move the grader in any forward gear
higher than 4th or any reverse gear higher than -2nd.
Starting out
n Raise the moldboard and all attachments off the ground. Re-
fer to Hydraulic controls page 64.
n If roading the grader, position the moldboard inside the tires.
Steer the front wheels to make sure they do not strike the
moldboard.
n Depress the clutch and brake pedals.
n Pull out the parking brake switch to release the parking brake.
n Depress the neutral lock button and move the shift lever into
the FORWARD or REVERSE position.
n Select the starting gear by nudging the shift lever to the right
1 Clutch pedal or to the left. A digital display is incorporated into the pedestal
2 Brake pedal to tell you which gear the transmission is in.
3 Accelerator/decelerator pedal n Release the brake pedal, then slowly release the clutch pedal
and accelerate as required.
NOTE! Do not rest your feet on the clutch or brake pedals
when driving the grader. This can cause unnecessary wear
and premature failure.
A Forward
B Reverse
C Neutral lock button
Operating instructions
88 Shifting gears
Changing gears
Once the grader is in motion, you do not have to use the clutch
pedal to change gears.
n To shift to a higher gear, nudge the shift lever to the right and
release it.
n To shift to a lower gear, nudge the shift lever to the left and
release it.
When not using the moldboard or attachments, lower the engine
rpm as you upshift.
NOTE! Do not shift to a lower gear at maximum engine rpm.
Damage to the transmission could result.
Changing directions
NOTE! Stop the grader to change directions.
1 Depress the clutch pedal and bring the grader to a complete
stop using the service brakes.
2 Select an appropriate gear for starting depending on your work-
ing conditions. Starting in too high a gear may cause the engine
to stall.
3 Depress the neutral lock button and move the shift lever forward
for forward travel or backward for reverse travel.
4 Release the brake pedal, then slowly release the clutch pedal
and accelerate as required.
Memory Gear Feature
A Forward
B Reverse
C Neutral lock button
Operating instructions
Shifting gears 89
Table B
Valid gear combinations
1 –1 –1 1
–2 2
3
2 –1 –2 1
–2 2
3
4
5
3 –1 –3 3
–2 4
–3 5
4 –2 –4 5
–3
5 –2
–3
6 –3
7 –3
8 –4
–2 2
System deactivation
The AWD system automatically deactivates under the following
conditions:
1 AWD rocker switch is placed in the OFF position.
2 Transmission shifter is placed in neutral.
3 Transmission shifter is placed in eighth gear forward.
4 Clutch or brake pedal are depressed.
5 Hydraulic oil temperature in the reservoir is above normal oper-
ating range.
6 Oil level in the hydraulic tank is too low.
7 Charge pressure is too low.
Operating instructions
92 Shifting gears
Creep mode
Creep mode uses hydrostatic front wheel drive to power the grad-
er from 0 to 3.2 km/h (0 to 2 mph). The rear wheels are not driving
when Creep Mode is activated.
NOTE! Selecting Creep Mode eliminates any memory gear
combination previously used.
n With the AWD system engaged, the grader stopped and the
transmission in neutral, switch to Creep Mode using the rock-
er switch on the control panel (2). The transmission gear dis-
play will alternate between “C” and “-C” while in neutral until a
gear is selected.
n Place the transmission shifter in the forward or reverse posi-
tion as desired. The display will indicate “C” for forward move-
ment and “-C” for reverse.
n Increase engine speed above 1000 rpm to start moving. Use
engine rpm to adjust to desired ground speed.
n To stop the grader or change direction, depress the clutch
pedal and reduce the engine speed below 1000 rpm.
n Using the clutch and upshifting the transmission will place the
system into normal AWD mode. Shift between a normal AWD
gear combination and Creep Mode.
n After turning Creep Mode off, the transmission will default to
the closest gear.
Steering
The grader has a hydraulic steering system. Turn the steering
wheel to steer the grader to the left or right.
WARNING!
The steering system only operates when engine is
running. If engine stalls, stop the grader.
1 Articulation lever
Refer to Front wheel lean lever page 67.
2 Wheel lean lever
WARNING!
Do not articulate the grader when operating on steep
slopes or when roading the machine. Grader could roll
over. Severe personal injury or death could result. Always
articulate the grader prior to moving onto the slope.
Use the articulation lever to further reduce the grader’s turning cir-
cle. Before articulating, remove the articulation lock pins. Install
the lock pins when not using the articulation function. Do not use
at high speeds. Reaction is quick.
1 Articulation lock pin
Refer to Articulation lever page 68.
n Ensure the articulation lock pins are installed when roading
the grader.
Operating instructions
94 Steering
WARNING!
Do not operate the supplementary steering system longer
than two minutes. Equipment damage will result.
Braking
Service brakes
Push down on the brake pedal to apply the service brakes.
WARNING!
In case of faulty brakes, do not continue to operate. Have
a qualified service technician repair the brake system
immediately.
The service brake system has two separate brake circuits. The
system provides reduced braking capability in the event of a brake
line rupture or other failure in one circuit.
Each of the two circuits function on one front and opposite rear
tandem wheel. Should one circuit fail, braking remains effective on
all tandem wheels through the tandem chains.
In the event of service brake system failure, the warning lamp (C)
will illuminate accompanied by the red central warning lamp (B), a
display panel message (D), and a buzzer.
A supplementary power source automatically supplies hydraulic
power assist in the event of an engine failure or any situation
where hydraulic oil flow is interrupted to the service brake system.
A Service brake pedal
Reduced braking capability is still available when the engine is not
B Central warning lamp (red) running, or the key is not inserted in the ignition switch. Supple-
C Service brake warning lamp (red) mentary power source will engage when the brake pedal is de-
D Display message pressed with the key either on or off.
This reserve system provides power assisted braking capability at
a reduced level and automatically resets when hydraulic oil flow is
restored.
IMPORTANT! Do not rest your foot on the brake pedal with
the ignition key in the off position. This may damage the
supplementary brake system.
Brake adjustment
Refer to the Service Manual for information on adjusting the
brakes.
Operating instructions
96 Braking
Parking brake
NOTE! Only apply the parking brake when the machine has
stopped. Always apply the brake if the machine is to be left
unattended.
NOTE! When the parking brake is applied, the transmission
cannot be shifted out of neutral.
When the parking brake is applied, the red indicator lamp (B) illu-
minates. If the brake is applied while the transmission is in gear, it
is accompanied by the red central warning lamp (C), a buzzer, and
a display message (D).
NOTE! With the ignition key in the I position and the parking
brake released, the brake will be automatically applied if the
switch is moved to the R or O positions.
In the event of a loss of system pressure (e.g. engine stall), the
parking brake will not immediately apply itself. The brake has an
accumulator that stores energy in the circuit allowing the operator
to bring the machine to a stop safely.
Once the stored pressure is depleted, the parking brake will be ap-
plied automatically. When hydraulic pressure is restored, the
brake can be released.
To manually release the parking brake, refer to Manual release of
A Parking brake switch parking brake page 106.
B Parking brake applied warning lamp (red) The parking brake is self-adjusting, see Parking brake page 191
C Central warning lamp (red) for specifications.
D Display message
Emergency brake
In an emergency situation, the parking brake may be used as an
emergency brake.
WARNING!
The parking brake must be inspected by a qualified
service technician after being used in an emergency
situation.
Operating instructions
Differential lock 97
Differential lock
WARNING!
Lock or unlock the differential ONLY when driving at slow
speeds, in a straight line or if the grader is stopped. Do
not lock or unlock the differential while making a turn or
when the tandem wheels on one side are spinning.
Damage to the differential could result.
After operating
WARNING!
When you are entering and leaving the machine, always
face the machine and use the steps or handholds to avoid
slipping. Always use the three-point stance, i.e. two hands
and one foot or two feet and one hand when climbing up
or descending from the machine. Do not jump!
General
When the machine is left unattended:
1 Apply the parking brake and when required (on a slope), block
the wheels so that the machine cannot roll.
2 Lower the moldboard and all attachments to the ground. Do not
apply down pressure.
3 Remove the ignition key.
4 Close the windows and lock the doors.
5 Turn off the battery isolation switch.
Parking
Long-term parking
When a grader is taken out of service for more than 30 days, you
must ensure that it is protected from exposure to the elements. An
enclosed structure will protect the grader from rapid temperature
changes and decrease the amount of condensation that forms in
fluid reservoirs, e.g., engine oil pan, fuel tank, hydraulic oil tank,
etc.
After you have parked the grader and shut down the engine, per-
form the following steps:
1 Inspect for leaks and other defects. Correct as necessary.
2 Thoroughly wash the grader. Be sure to rinse off any caustic
residue.
3 Touch up any areas where the paint has worn away.
4 Clean or replace air filter elements.
5 Open the drain valve at the bottom of the fuel tank and drain 1
liter (approx. 1 US quart) of fuel to remove any water accumula-
tion.
6 Replace engine fuel filters.
7 Add the recommended amount of fuel stabilizer and corrosion
inhibitor to the fuel tank.
8 Start and run the engine at 1400 rpm to 1600 rpm with no load
for approximately four minutes.
9 Change the engine oil and replace the engine oil filter.
10 Properly seal the engine exhaust and air intake openings.
11 If tires are to be left on, raise the grader and place it on blocks
to keep the tires off the ground. Deflate and cover the tires.
12 Turn off the battery isolation switch. Remove batteries and store
them in a cool, clean, dry and well-ventilated area where the
temperature is be-tween 0°C and 21°C (32°F and 70°F). Be
sure batteries are fully charged.
13 Coat all machined and unpainted surfaces (including mold-
board) with grease to prevent rust forming.
14 Coat all exposed chrome plated surfaces on hydraulic cylinder
piston rods with a thin layer of grease.
15 Grease all door hinges.
Operating instructions
100 After operating
Towing
WARNING!
Improper towing methods or equipment could result in
severe personal injury or death. Read and understand the
towing instructions and precautions in this manual.
WARNING!
If the engine cannot be started, the brake and steering
functions will be limited. In this case, towing should be
restricted to emergencies only and over the shortest
possible distance by knowledgeable personnel. If
possible, transport the machine on a trailer.
General
n The operator must be in the operator’s seat to control steering
and braking when towing the grader.
n Do not tow the grader with the engine shut down. Braking and
steering capabilities are reduced with the engine shut down.
n To release the parking brake manually, refer to Manual re-
lease of parking brake page 106.
n If the engine runs, ensure the transmission shift lever is in
NEUTRAL. Tow the grader with the engine running. On All
Wheel Drive models, make sure the All Wheel Drive system is
switched OFF.
n Some state and local laws prohibit or limit the use of tow
chains on highways. Check state and local regulations.
n If the final drive is damaged, do not tow the grader. Do not at-
tempt to start the engine by towing. Damage to the transmis-
sion will result.
n Provide adequate shielding for the operator against towline
breakage.
n Do not tow the grader faster than 8 km/h (5 mph).
n Be sure the vehicle which does the towing is at least as heavy
as the machine being towed. This will ensure sufficient engine
and braking capabilities to be able to pull and stop both ma-
chines on any uphill or downhill slope.
n If the towed grader cannot be braked, a tow bar or two towing
machines must be used – one in front pulling and one at the
rear to provide braking. Do not tow over long distances.
n Ensure the towline or bar is in good condition and is strong
enough for the towing situation. Mark the center of the towline
with a flag or brightly colored cloth. Ensure that a ‘slow moving
vehicle sign’ is attached to the rear of the grader.
n Ensure the towline angle is less than 20 degrees with respect
to the horizontal plane.
n Do not allow the towline to contact any components mounted
on the grader.
Operating instructions
102 Towing
After towing
The following safety measures should be taken before the towbar,
chain or wire rope is disconnected after towing:
1 Place the machine on level ground.
2 Apply the parking brake
3 Block the wheels to prevent the machine from rolling.
Operating instructions
Transporting the machine 103
n When loading the grader onto a trailer bed, drive the grader
straight and centered with the width of the trailer bed. The cen-
terline of the grader must be directly over that of the trailer bed
or railcar.
1 Grader centerline
2 Railcar or trailer centerline
Operating instructions
104 Transporting the machine
1 Wooden blocks
4 Install chocks at the front and rear tandem wheels. Wedge and
nail the chocks in place.
5 Relieve residual hydraulic pressure by operating all the control
levers.
6 Remove and retain the ignition key. Lock the cab doors.
1 Wheel chocks
Operating instructions
Transporting the machine 105
7 Turn the battery isolation switch off. It is located inside the en-
gine compartment on the left-hand side of the grader.
8 Cover the exhaust opening with heavy gauge plastic and secure
in place to prevent dust and moisture entering the engine. Re-
member to remove the plastic cover before starting the grader.
1 Exhaust opening
Lifting arrangement and Tie-down locations
3 Push the MBCS switch until it locks. The MBCS warning lamp
de-energizes to indicate that the lock pin has engaged. If the
warning lamp does not de-energize, operate both the right-
hand and left-hand blade lift cylinder control levers until the
MBCS lock pin fully engages.
Operating instructions
Moveable Blade Control System 109
5 Using the circle turn lever, rotate the circle so that the end of
the moldboard is close to the front tire.
Operating instructions
110 Moveable Blade Control System
7 Using the circle turn lever, rotate the circle to allow the end of
the moldboard to clear the ground.
3 Push the MBCS switch until it locks. The MBCS warning lamp
de-energizes to indicate that the lock pin has engaged. If the
warning lamp does not de-energize, operate both the right-
hand and left-hand blade lift cylinder control levers until the
MBCS lock pin fully engages.
Operating instructions
Moveable Blade Control System 113
7 Rotate the circle to allow the end of the moldboard to clear the
ground.
Scarifier
The scarifier is hydraulically raised and lowered using the control
lever on the pedestal. Refer to Control lever for scarifier, ripper or
windrow eliminator page 68.
NOTE! The front and mid-mounted scarifiers use the same
teeth and shanks.
n Do not skid the teeth along the surface. Always lower the teeth
directly into the ground.
n Do not use the scarifier when turning or with the frame articu-
lated.
n Scarify downslope whenever possible. Refer to Operating
techniques, Scarifier and ripper operation page 143.
WARNING!
Crushing hazard. Support the attachment before
adjusting or servicing it. Hydraulic or mechanical failure
could cause attachment to fall resulting in severe
personal injury or death.
WARNING!
Do not work on graders supported only by moldboard or
attachments. Hydraulic or mechanical failure could cause
grader to fall resulting in severe personal injury or death.
Scarifier teeth
n The hardened scarifier teeth are replaceable. Use a hammer
1 Scarifier drawbar and drift to force the tooth forward and off the shank.
2 Scarifier box arms n Install a new tooth and tap onto the shank.
3 Bolt
Operating instructions
116 Ripper
Ripper
n The ripper is hydraulically raised and lowered using the rear
auxiliary control lever located on the right-hand side door grab
handle. Some export machines may use the Scarifier Control
Lever to raise and lower the ripper. Refer to Control lever for
scarifier, ripper or windrow eliminator page 68.
n Push forward on the lever to lower the attachment.
n Pull back on the lever to raise the attachment.
Refer to Scarifier and ripper operation page 143.
Clearance position
Move the ripper shanks up into the clearance position (7) by re-
moving the lower pin (4). Swing the shank upwards and reinstall
the pin (4) in the upper hole (8).
Operating instructions
Windrow eliminator 117
Windrow eliminator
n The windrow eliminator is hydraulically raised and lowered us-
ing the rear auxiliary control lever located on the right-hand
side door grab handle.
n Push forward on the lever to lower the attachment.
n Pull back on the lever to raise the attachment.
1 Windrow eliminator
1 Moldboard assembly
2 Brace arm pin
3 Pull tube collar setscrews
4 Linch pin
5 Pull tubes
6 Brace arm
7 Brace arm pin
Operating instructions
118 Windrow eliminator
1 Lift plate
2 Lift chain
3 Pull tube swivel adjustment
Operating instructions
Dozer blade/V-plow 119
Dozer blade/V-plow
Dozer blade
The dozer blade is hydraulically raised and lowered using a con-
trol lever on the pedestal. Blade float capabilities are optional.
It is used for spreading, backfilling and knocking down piles of ma-
terial.
Refer to A-frame attachments lever page 69.
V-plow
The V-Plow is hydraulically raised and lowered using a control le-
ver on the pedestal. Refer to A-frame attachments lever page 69.
1 A-frame
2 Push frame
3 Heel chains
Operating instructions
120 One way plow
1 Blade
2 Tilt link
3 Safety trip spring
4 Lift spade
5 Lift chains
6 Push frame
Operating instructions
Hydraulic snow wing 121
1 Rear mast
2 Wing brace
3 Upper stand-off arms
4 Wing lift cylinder
5 Wing
6 Pitch adjustment
7 Front mast n The rear mounted hydraulic snow wing is available in high and
8 Wing brace low benching configurations.
n The snow wing is fully hydraulic and can be used with the
moldboard for a wider clearing width per pass. Articulation to
either left-hand or right-hand side is not restricted.
WARNING!
Ensure the snow wing is fully raised when not in use and
secured with the proper chains. Hydraulic or mechanical
failure could cause snow wing to fall resulting in severe
personal injury or death.
Operating techniques
Introduction 123
Operating techniques
Introduction
Do not operate the grader until you read and understand the warn-
ings and instructions in this manual. Failure to follow the instruc-
tions or heed the hazard alerts, safety signs and precautions could
result in machine damage, injury or death.
Ensure your grader is properly equipped. Such equipment as
lights, flashing beacons, turn signals and warning devices such as
flags and a slow moving vehicle sign may be required. Use and
position cones and signs to alert traffic while grading highways.
Check the local traffic laws for the correct operating requirements.
Operating techniques in this section are basic. Your skills and
techniques will develop as you gain knowledge of your grader and
its capabilities. This section will help you to understand the oper-
ating characteristics of your grader. Read this section carefully. If
any questions arise concerning the operation of your grader, con-
sult your supervisor.
Volvo motor graders are equipped with an articulated frame. Artic-
ulating the grader counteracts side thrust and will help keep the
tandem wheels on solid ground during ditching operations for
maximum traction while achieving maximum blade reach. Articu-
lating the grader while maneuvering around corners also reduces
the turning radius.
Operating techniques
124 Moldboard
Moldboard
Moldboard positioning is very important when grading. The mold-
board is usually angled 15 to 75 degrees from the center line of
the frame. The greater the moldboard angle, the more material is
carried across the moldboard allowing for deeper cuts and heavier
grading. The earth moved by the moldboard creates a side thrust
on the grader. The operator can counteract this side thrust by
leaning the front wheels in the direction the material is moving
along the moldboard.
Moldboard pitch is also important. For normal grading, the mold-
board should be tilted slightly forward from the vertical position.
Tilting the moldboard forwards allows material to roll for spreading
or compacting. Tilting the moldboard backwards increases the
Typical road section cutting ability and reduces the rolling action of the material.
1 Backslope Study these illustrations to familiarize yourself with the terms
2 Foreslope used in this section.
3 Ditch
4 Wearing surface Moldboard toe – The point of the moldboard closest to the front
5 Road surface (travelled way) wheels.
6 Shoulder Moldboard heel – The point of the moldboard farthest away from
7 Roadbed the front wheels.
8 Roadway (road right-of-way) Moldboard angle – The angle of the moldboard as measured
from the moldboard toe to the center line of the front frame of the
grader.
A Left-hand grading
B Right-hand grading
1 Moldboard toe
2 Moldboard heel
3 Moldboard angle
4 Centerline of frame
Operating techniques
Turning around using articulation 125
WARNING!
Do not articulate the grader when operating on steep
slopes or when roading the machine. Grader could roll
over. Severe personal injury or death could result. Always
articulate the grader prior to moving onto the slope.
1 Articulation indicator gauge
Ensure the control switch for the locking differential is in the UN-
2 Differential lock/unlock switch
LOCK position before turning the grader. This reduces strain on
the final drive and reduces tire scuffing. Put the switch in the LOCK
position for normal grading.
Use the articulation lever to articulate the grader in the direction
you wish to turn.
Before articulating, ensure the articulation lock pins are removed
and stored appropriately.
n Push forward on the control lever to articulate the grader to the
left.
n Pull back on the lever to articulate the grader to the right.
The articulation indicator gauge in the pedestal indicates the de-
gree of articulation.
Install the lock pins when not using the articulation function, trav-
eling in traffic or at roading speeds.
1 Lock pin
n Fully raise the moldboard and attachments before you turn the
grader around.
n Position the moldboard so it will not contact the front or rear
tandem tires when articulating as severe damage can occur.
n With the grader moving forward, turn the wheels left and artic-
ulate the frame left.
n Upon completing the turn, turn the wheels right and articulate
the frame straight.
Operating techniques
126 Making a three point turn
Maneuver 1
n Fully raise the moldboard and attachments before you turn the
grader around.
n Lean the wheels slightly in the direction you are turning.
n Travel as far forward as possible.
Maneuver 2:
n Lean and turn the front wheels in the opposite direction.
n Select reverse gear and back up the grader as far as possible.
Maneuver 3:
n Lean and turn the wheels to the new travel direction.
n Straighten the wheels after the turn is completed.
If using the articulation function to help turn the grader, refer to the
previous page. Ensure the articulation lock pins are removed be-
fore articulating, and install them when not using the articulation
function. Position the moldboard so it will not contact the tires
when articulating as severe damage can occur.
Operating techniques
Grading around an object 127
Maneuver 1
n Reduce your speed.
n Use the accelerator/decelerator to slowly maneuver the mold-
board around the object.
n Drive as close as possible to the object to reduce the amount
of hand shoveling required.
Maneuver 2
n Use the moldboard slide shift and side shift levers to follow the
shape of the object.
Maneuver 3
n Slide the moldboard back to its original position after you have
passed the object and continue grading.
Operating techniques
128 Grading on an ‘S’ curve shoulder
Lean wheels
1 Moldboard toe
Lean wheels
1 Moldboard toe
Operating techniques
Grading on an ‘S’ curve shoulder 129
Lean wheels
1 Moldboard toe
Right-hand leveling
n Use the circle shift lever to offset the circle and drawbar slight-
ly to the left of the frame.
Lean wheels
n Tilt the moldboard forward until the material constantly rolls off
the moldboard.
Articulate the frame to the right. If the drive wheels lose traction,
reduce the articulation angle. This will decrease the cutting angle
and side thrust allowing the drive wheels to regain traction. Depos-
it the windrow between the tandem wheels. Spread the windrow
over the new surface until it is smooth.
NOTE! Ensure the articulation lock pins are removed before
articulating the grader. Install them when not using the artic-
ulation function.
Lean wheels
Operating techniques
Left-hand leveling 131
Left-hand leveling
n Use the circle shift lever to offset the circle and drawbar slight-
ly to the right of the frame.
Lean wheels
n Tilt the moldboard forward until the material constantly rolls off
the moldboard.
Articulate the frame to the left. If the drive wheels lose traction, re-
duce the articulation angle. This will decrease the cutting angle
and side thrust allowing the drive wheels to regain traction. Depos-
it the windrow between the tandem wheels. Spread the windrow
over the new surface until it is smooth.
NOTE! Ensure the articulation lock pins are removed before
articulating, and install them when not using the articulation
function.
Lean wheels
Operating techniques
132 Road construction
Road construction
Right-hand ‘V’ ditching
n Place a line of stakes to define where the ditch will be con-
structed.
n Position the moldboard with the toe just outside the front right-
hand wheel and the moldboard heel just ahead of the left-
hand tandem wheels.
n Tilt the moldboard back and raise the heel to carry the material
inside the left-hand tandem wheels.
n Lean the front wheels left to counteract side thrust.
n Make the marking pass slowly.
Lean wheels n If using an articulated grader on a firm surface, keep the frame
1 Raise heel of moldboard straight.
n If the surface is loose, articulate the frame to keep the drive
wheels on firm ground. Remember to remove the articulation
lock pins before articulating the grader. If the articulation fea-
ture will not be used, install the articulation lock pins.
n Make the second pass with the front right-hand wheel on the
bottom of the first cut. Cut a 3 to 1 slope at a slightly higher
speed.
n Cut the ditch back slope by using the MBCS system to move
the moldboard to the right-hand side of the grader. Rotate the
circle counterclockwise and lower the left blade lift cylinder
while the circle is rotating. Refer to Moveable Blade Control
System page 107.
Operating techniques
Road construction 133
n Prepare your grader for cutting the bank slope by side shifting
the circle and moldboard as far as possible to the side of the
grader you will be working with.
n Rotate the circle and moldboard counterclockwise and lower
the left blade lift cylinder at the same time. Refer to Moveable
Blade Control System page 107.
Second cut
1 Backslope
2 Foreslope
3 Windrow
1 Cut backslope
2 Backslope
3 Foreslope
n To begin a flat bottom cut, operate the grader with its right-
hand side wheels riding in the first ‘V’ ditch cut.
n Position the moldboard toe at the bottom of the ditch backs-
lope and the heel at the bottom of the ditch foreslope.
n Tilt and lower the moldboard for the required depth.
n Make a horizontal cut and lean the front wheels to the left.
1 Clean-up pass
2 Spread out material
3 Backslope
4 Foreslope
5 Windrow
Operating techniques
136 Road construction
Crowning a road
Crowning a road is simply constructing a road surface so that the
center of the road is higher than the road edge. This allows water
to drain into the ditches as quickly as possible. If the crown is not
built properly, water will be trapped and break up the road crust
producing potholes and washboards. The amount of crown is the
amount of slope on the road. For good drainage, a road should
have a crown of 8 mm to 13 mm for very 305 mm (1/3 in. to 1/2 in.
for every 12 in.) of width measured from the center of the road to
the outside edge where the road meets the shoulder.
n Articulate the frame and lean the wheels in the direction you
are turning to increase steering control as you approach the
center of the cul-de-sac.
WARNING!
Do not articulate the grader when operating on steep
slopes. Grader could roll over. Severe personal injury or
death could result.
n It is best to start from the top and finish your grading at the bot-
tom of the slope, if possible.
1 Work across slope n Work back and forth across the slope.
2 Start from the top and finish at the bottom n Always extend the moldboard down slope.
n Ensure the articulation lock pins are removed before articulat-
ing and install them when not using the articulating function.
n Articulate the grader. Keep the tandem wheels on the level
surface.
n Lean the front wheels vertically and position the uphill front
wheel on the edge of the windrow created from the previous
pass. This provides stability and allows you to create an even
grade.
n Position the toe of the moldboard outside and behind the up-
hill wheel so that the heel of the moldboard deposits the ma-
terial outside the downhill tandem wheels.
n When you have completed grading the slope, spread the re-
maining material to make a smooth finished grade.
n Build the road surface by moving half the windrow towards the
shoulder. Feather the material over the road surface as you
check the crown, and work towards the shoulder with each
pass.
n As you make a final pass at the edge of the shoulder, raise the
heel of the moldboard to feather the material and use the tan-
dem wheels to compact any remaining material.
1 Moldboard toe
n For the next pass, straighten the frame, side shift the circle
and drawbar assembly and center it under the frame. Position
and angle the moldboard as required to spread the wet mate-
rial over the shoulder.
Operating techniques
142 Road construction
n On the next pass, collect the windrow from the edge of the
road and feather the material back onto the shoulder surface.
Remember to adjust the moldboard to create a gentle slope
towards the ditch.
n Ensure you clean up the road surface before allowing traffic to
use the road way.
NOTE! Procedures and illustrations shown are for right-hand
side grading. For left-hand side grading, lean the front wheels
and position the moldboard opposite to the description and
illustrations shown.
Operating techniques
Scarifier and ripper operation 143
Scarifier
A scarifier is mounted either on the front of the machine or behind
the front wheels and is hydraulically operated from inside the cab.
Refer to Control lever for scarifier, ripper or windrow eliminator
page 68. The mid-mounted scarifier can be used with other front
mounted attachments.
The scarifier is equipped with up to eleven teeth that are adjust-
able and replaceable. Use the scarifier to break up surfaces that
are too hard to cut with the moldboard. For especially hard surfac-
es, reduce the number of teeth. Always lower the scarifier teeth
into the material slowly while the grader is moving at a low speed.
Do not skid the teeth along hard surfaces such as large rocks or
pavement. Do not use the scarifier when turning or articulating.
This places side loads on the scarifier teeth and may result in
equipment damage.
Ripper
The ripper is very useful for dislodging large rocks and tree
stumps, and breaking up asphalt pavement. The ripper can be
equipped with five ripper teeth or nine scarifier teeth. The ripper is
hydraulically operated from inside the cab. Refer to Auxiliary hy-
draulic controls page 70.
When using the ripper, lower the teeth into the ground with the
grader in motion. If the rear wheels lose traction, raise the ripper
until the wheels regain traction. For especially hard surfaces, re-
duce the number of teeth. To break old pavement, lower the teeth
under the pavement and raise the ripper. Avoid the use of the rip-
per when turning, this reduces wear on equipment.
Operating techniques
144 Notes
Safety when servicing
Introduction 145
WARNING!
Any person who does not follow the safety instructions or
fails to heed the warnings given in this Operator’s Manual,
must make sure that his or her working method is safe.
Otherwise there is risk of serious accidents, which could
be fatal.
Service position
WARNING!
If you have to work on a machine before it has cooled
down, beware of hot fluids and components which can
cause burns.
7 Install chocks at the front and rear tandem wheels. Wedge the
chocks in place.
8 Fasten a ‘DO NOT OPERATE’ or similar warning tag on the
steering wheel.
9 Turn the battery isolation switch OFF to the (O) position.
10 Allow the engine and hydraulic system to cool before working
in these areas.
11 Be aware of other service personnel in your work area.
If the service procedure includes welding, refer to Welding
and electronic components page 150.
If the service procedure includes repair to the hydraulic sys-
tem, you must perform the following steps.
All of the hydraulic implements except the moldboard slide have a
lock valve between the main control valve and the cylinder.
Moving the main control valve levers will not relieve any pressure
that is trapped in the cylinder(s). The only exception is the mold-
board slide, which does not have a lock valve in the circuit.
WARNING!
• Fluid escaping under pressure can penetrate the skin
causing serious injury. Do not use your hand to check
for hydraulic leaks. Use a piece of cardboard. If
possible, relieve all pressure before disconnecting
hoses.
• Make sure all personnel are clear of moldboard,
attachments or components controlled by the hydraulic
circuits. Unexpected movement of the component could
result in severe personal injury or death.
• Be careful to place the machine in a position that does
not allow any external load on the cylinder(s) or
circuit(s) to be worked on.
• Properly block the machine or implement to prevent
movement. Relieving trapped pressure by loosening a
fitting may allow the machine or implement to move
unexpectedly.
General
WARNING!
Do not attempt to repair or adjust grader unless you are a
qualified service technician. Read and understand the
grader service manual, the engine manual and the
powertrain manual. Failure to follow the instructions or
heed the warnings could result in severe personal injury
or death. Proper care is your responsibility. Contact your
Dealer or Volvo for replacement parts.
WARNING!
Do not work on graders supported only by moldboard or
attachments. Hydraulic or mechanical failure could cause
grader to fall resulting in severe personal injury or death.
WARNING!
When using pressurized air for cleaning, wear a face
shield and protective clothing. Do not direct the air hose
nozzle at yourself or others. Severe personal injury could
result.
WARNING!
Handle all chemicals carefully and according to
manufacturer's instructions. Improper handling can result
in burns, poison from fumes, fire or explosion hazards.
Severe personal injury or death could result.
WARNING!
Rotating components. Keep hands away when engine is
running.
WARNING!
Structural damage or unauthorized modifications weaken
the ROPS cab and reduce protection in a rollover
situation. Consult your Volvo Dealer if the ROPS is
damaged, has been modified, or if grader has been
involved in a rollover incident.
WARNING!
Explosive gases. No smoking. Keep flames and sparks
away from battery.
Cleanliness
n Cleanliness is important to effective machine service. Con-
tamination introduced to machine systems can shorten com-
ponent service life and cause the machine to malfunction.
n Keep the service area clean. Oil or water on the floor can cre-
ate a dangerous work environment, increasing the risk of falls
and electrocution. Oily and greasy clothing and shop rags are
a fire hazard.
Safety when servicing
Fire prevention measures 153
Electrical system
n Inspect wiring for chafing, breakage, and any routing condition
that could expose wiring to damage. This is especially impor-
tant for positive electrical wires that could make contact with
the frame (ground). Pay special attention to the cables be-
tween the batteries, from the batteries to the starter, and be-
tween the alternator and starter.
n When reconnecting wires, it is important to connect, route and
secure them so they are protected from damage and wear.
They must not be routed in contact with fuel or oil hoses.
n If any auxiliary electrical equipment is installed on the ma-
chine, wiring must be fused, connected and routed to avoid
exposure to wear or damage.
WARNING!
Risk of serious corrosive injuries! Heating of hydrogen
fluoride rubber to high temperatures (approx. 320°C
[600°F]) causes risk of forming hydrogen fluoride gas and
hydrofluoric acid. The gas has a strongly corrosive effect
on respiratory tracts when inhaled. The acid causes
severe burns and is very corrosive.
Decontamination
Decontaminate the area around a part that may be made of fluor
rubber by thoroughly washing with liberal quantities of lime water
(a solution or suspension of calcium hydroxide). When work is
completed, wash cleaning materials in lime water and discard.
If a machine has been damaged by fire or been exposed to other
intense heat, the safety precautions in the following check list
must be followed under all circumstances.
WARNING!
Avoid splashes when washing a machine damaged by
fire! Never use a high-pressure washer.
Hydraulic system
n Never adjust a pressure relief valve or other pressure-limiting
device to a higher pressure than specified.
n Replace any hydraulic hose immediately that shows signs of
swelling, wear, leaks or damage before it bursts.
WARNING!
Fluid escaping under pressure can penetrate the skin
causing serious injury. Relieve all pressure before
disconnecting hoses. Do not use your hand to check for
hydraulic leaks. Use a piece of cardboard.
Accumulators
WARNING!
Do not use oxygen or compressed air when precharging
accumulators. An explosion can occur if oxygen comes in
contact with a spark. Use dry nitrogen.
WARNING!
Accumulator contents under pressure. Service by
qualified personnel only.
WARNING!
Do not bypass or alter any switch or other component in
the All Wheel Drive System. Modifications can cause
premature engagement or prevent disengagement of the
system. Property damage and personal injury can result.
n Use extra care when working on All Wheel Drive System com-
ponents and hoses. A high pressure leak could result in per-
sonal injury.
WARNING!
Do not operate the All Wheel Drive System with the front
wheels off the ground except when testing the system.
Wheels may rotate unexpectedly. Keep clear when engine
is running.
n Use clean, new oil and the cleanliest possible shop practice
when adding oil to the All Wheel Drive System. Small amounts
of contamination can cause excessive wear and abrasion to
precision components and reduce service life.
n Do not use any hydraulic oil or filter other than those recom-
mended by Volvo.
n Keep hose connections clean and tight to prevent contami-
nants from entering the hydraulic system.
n Check the hydraulic oil level. Never operate the system with a
low oil level. If loss of oil or charge pressure occurs, stop the
grader as quickly as possible and shut down the engine. Loss
of oil can result in component damage. Report the problem
and have it repaired by a qualified service technician.
n Have defective components repaired or replaced immediately.
Using defective components may cause serious damage to
other parts in the system.
n Turn the All Wheel Drive System OFF and shut down the en-
gine before leaving the operator’s cab or when performing
maintenance.
n Read and understand Operating instructions, Shifting gears,
All Wheel Drive models page 91.
Safety when servicing
Electrical system 159
Electrical system
n Use only test instruments with LED (light-emitting diode) dis-
plays to trace electrical faults. Do not use test equipment that
uses light bulbs. The voltage characteristics of light bulbs can
destroy sensitive and expensive electronic components.
n When installing a two-way radio, mobile telephone and similar
equipment, follow the manufacturer’s installation instructions
in order to eliminate interference with the function of the elec-
tronic system and components on the machine.
Batteries
n Batteries produce explosive gases. Keep sparks, flames,
smoking materials, or other ignition sources away from batter-
ies. Use a flashlight to check the electrolyte level.
WARNING!
Explosive gases. No smoking. Keep flames and sparks
away from battery.
WARNING!
Handle batteries carefully. Battery acid is extremely
corrosive and poisonous. Contact with the eyes, skin, or
clothing can result in severe burns or other serious
personal injury.
Tires
Tire repair or replacement must be performed by qualified person-
nel only. Tires should be visually inspected daily for wear, damage,
and correct air pressure. Check the tire pressure weekly with an
accurate pressure gauge when the tires are cold.
n Do not overinflate the tires. Refer to Service and mainte-
nance, Maximum tire pressures page 196.
n Ensure that all tires and rim parts are undamaged and correct-
ly assembled before inflating the tires.
WARNING!
Failure to use a safety cage when inflating tires could
result in severe personal injury or death.
WARNING!
Do not weld on the rim. The flame and heat can cause an
explosion. The weld can cause premature rim failure.
Severe personal injury or death could result.
WARNING!
Do not smoke in an area where R134a refrigerant and PAG
refrigerant oil are used or stored. Do not allow R134a
refrigerant and PAG refrigerant oil to come in contact with
an open flame or heated metal. Open flames or heated
metal will decompose the refrigerant and produce harmful
hydrofluoric acid and toxic fumes.
WARNING!
Exercise extreme care when handling R134a refrigerant.
Direct contact with skin may cause frostbite.
Fuel handling
n Allow the engine to cool before refueling.
n Do not refuel with the engine running.
n Ensure the fueling area is well ventilated.
n Turn off all electrical switches, cab heaters and the battery iso-
lation switch.
n Do not smoke while refueling.
WARNING!
Keep open flames and sparks away from fueling area. Do
not smoke. Severe personal injury or death could result.
Draining
Drain the oil while the engine is still warm.
1 Place a container with a suitable capacity under the oil pan drain
1 Drain hose adapter plug.
2 Draining valve cap 2 Remove the drain valve dust cap.
3 Take out the drain hose adapter found in the toolbox and con-
nect it to the drain valve to drain oil.
Filling
Fill with oil through the filler pipe. Refer to Recommended lubri-
cants page 217 for the correct fluid type.
Oil capacity when changing oil and filter(s):
– G710B to G730B = 32 L (8.5 US gal)
– G740B to G780B = 39.5 L (10.4 US gal)
Service and maintenance
164
Fuel system
For fuel quality, refer to Fuel system page 19.
Fuel tank
Clean fuel is essential for trouble-free operation of the diesel en-
gine.
Carefully clean around the filler cap before removing it. Avoid spill-
ing fuel when filling as this attracts dirt.
Refer to Specifications, Capacities page 219 for fuel tank capaci-
ty.
n Fill the fuel tank at the end of each day to reduce the chance
of condensation and corrosion. Do not fill the fuel tank to ca-
pacity. Leave room for fuel expansion.
n Before starting the engine, open the 2 fuel shut-off valves lo-
cated on the bottom of the fuel tank. There is one located on
the supply line and one on the return line.
n Open the drain valve on the bottom of the sump to drain water
or other accumulated contaminants into an appropriate con-
Fuel tank sump tainer.
1 Sediment bowl on fuel tank n Clean up any spilled fuel immediately. Refer to Safety when
2 Drain valve servicing, Fuel handling page 162.
3 Fuel shut-off valve
WARNING!
Keep open flames and sparks away from fueling area. Do
not smoke. Severe personal injury or death could result.
Fuel filter
Replace the fuel filter every 500 hours.
On G710B to G730B machines, the fuel filter is located inside the
engine compartment on the rear left-hand side.
On G740B to G780B machines, it is located inside the engine
compartment door on the rear right-hand side.
NOTE! When replacing the fuel filters, close the fuel tank shut
off valve. Fuel leakage could occur.
NOTE! The filter is the disposable type that must be replaced.
It cannot be cleaned.
Fuel filter – Models G710B to G730B
Removing:
1 Use a filter wrench or suitable tool to remove the filter.
Installing:
2 Coat the gasket on the new filter with clean diesel fuel.
3 Screw on the filter by hand until the gasket just touches the seal-
ing surface.
4 Tighten the filter a further 1/2 turn.
5 Open the fuel tank shut-off valve.
6 To bleed the fuel system, see Bleeding the fuel system page
Fuel filter – Models G740 to G780B
Service and maintenance
166 Fuel system
168.
1 T-handle
2 Drain valve
Service and maintenance
168 Fuel system
Turbocharger
Important!
Never race the engine immediately after it has been started.
Run the engine at low idle speed for two minutes before
stopping it to safeguard lubrication and cooling of the
turbocharger.
1 Air cleaner
2 Hose, exhaust aspirator
Primary filter
When the display unit shows “Clogged Air Filter” or every
1000 hours, the filter should be cleaned or replaced.
If the lamp still lights after the service, the safety filter element
must be changed. Refer to Secondary filter page 171. Do not
clean the safety filter element.
NOTE! The primary filter may only be cleaned a maximum of
three times. Thereafter, it should be replaced. Make a mark on
the end of the secondary filter every time the primary filter is
cleaned or replaced.
NOTE! Use approved respirator when cleaning filters.
The length of time between filter changes depends entirely on
the operating environment of the machine. It may be neces-
sary to change the filter more often.
n Using regulated compressed air at less than 210 kPa (30 psi),
clean the primary element. Always direct the pressurized air
from inside the element outward and in the opposite direction
of the normal air flow. High air pressure can destroy the ele-
ment. Hold the air nozzle 25 to 50 mm (1 to 2 in.) away from
the filter element.
WARNING!
When using pressurized air for cleaning, wear a face
shield and protective clothing. Do not direct the air hose
nozzle at yourself or others. Severe personal injury could
result.
1 Primary filter element n Carefully check the element, replace it if it shows any signs of
damage. Re-using a damaged element can cause engine
contamination.
n Wipe the inside of the housing with a damp cloth and remove
any dirt.
Secondary filter
Replace the secondary filter when the primary filter has been
replaced 3 times, however no longer than every 2000 hours.
This filter works as a protective secondary filter in case the primary
filter should be damaged. If the filter indicator lamp remains on
even though the primary filter has been changed or cleaned, the
secondary filter has become clogged.
NOTE! The secondary filter should never be cleaned. Replace
only.
n Clean the air cleaner housing completely and remove the sec-
ondary filter.
n Install a new secondary filter element.
n Install the primary element and end cover.
1 Secondary filter element
n Fasten the three latches that hold the end cover in place.
n Check the hoses and connections leading from the air cleaner
to the engine. Look for accumulations of dust, which may indi-
cate leaks, cracked hoses or loose clamps.
IMPORTANT! Never remove the secondary filter unless it is
to be replaced.
Service and maintenance
172 Radiators and coolers
WARNING!
Stop the engine and turn off the battery isolation switch
before swinging out the rear radiator cowling door.
WARNING!
When using pressurized air for cleaning, wear a face
shield and protective clothing. Do not direct the air hose
nozzle at yourself or others. Severe personal injury could
result.
Engine radiator
Radiator cleaning
Clean the radiator every 500 hours or as needed.
1 Open the rear radiator cowl and side access doors.
2 Remove any debris from the radiator and cooler fins.
3 Check the fan blades.
Blow the radiator clean with compressed air in the opposite direc-
tion of normal air flow.
Service and maintenance
Radiators and coolers 173
Checking coolant
The expansion tank should be 2/3 full, at the MAX mark when the
engine is warm. The control lamp for the coolant level lights up
when the level in the expansion tank is too low. Top up when re-
quired.
The coolant level must never be below the minimum mark.
Adding coolant
WARNING!
Hot pressurized coolant. Remove cap only when engine is
cool.
WARNING!
Coolant is dangerous to drink.
Changing coolant
Change coolant every 2000 hours or every 2 years. Refer to Ca-
pacities page 219, for the cooling system capacity.
Draining coolant
WARNING!
Hot pressurized coolant. Remove cap only when engine is
cool.
WARNING!
Take care when replacing filter. Hot coolant can cause
severe burns on unprotected skin.
1 Shut-off valve
Service and maintenance
178 Drive belt tension
WARNING!
The engine must be turned off before checking belt
tension. Rotating parts can cause severe injuries.
Electrical system
Check the operation of the travelling lights and control lamps daily.
Batteries
Checking electrolyte level
NOTE! Volvo Motor Graders are supplied with maintenance-
free batteries only. The following information is for service-
able batteries.
Check the electrolyte level in the batteries every 500 hours. It
should be 10 mm (0.4 in.) above the cell plates. At temperatures
above +20°C (+68°F), check more often. Batteries are located in-
side the battery box mounted on the left-hand tandem case.
n Remove the battery box cover.
n Check the terminals for corrosion and tightness of the cable
connectors.
n If the batteries have filler caps, remove the caps and check the
level of the electrolyte.
n Add distilled water only. Install the caps.
n Operate the machine after topping up so that the water is
mixed with the electrolyte. This is particularly important in cold
weather.
n Check that cable terminals and pole studs are clean, well
tightened and coated with petroleum jelly or similar.
n Check and tighten the battery hold down clamps and do not
let tools or metal objects come in contact with the battery ter-
minals.
n Replace the battery box cover.
n An optional battery lifting strap is located in the toolbox. Attach
the strap to the battery terminals to lift and carry the battery.
Battery problems
To prevent these problems, you must check the battery acid level,
inspect the battery casing for leaks and ensure the specific gravity
readings are to specification. Check the specific gravity of the bat-
tery when you have received your grader. Recheck it every three
months. In hot climates recheck it every two months.
WARNING!
Handle batteries carefully. Battery acid is extremely
corrosive and poisonous. Contact with the eyes, skin, or
clothing can result in severe burns or other serious
personal injury.
Charging batteries
WARNING!
When batteries are charging, they give off an explosive
mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases. A short circuit,
spark, open flame or cigarette can ignite these gases and
cause a powerful explosion. Always turn off the battery
charger before disconnecting a charging clip to prevent
sparking. If the battery must be charged in a confined
space, it must be well ventilated.
WARNING!
Battery electrolyte contains corrosive sulfuric acid. In
case of contact with the skin, wash immediately with
plenty of water. In case of contact with the eyes or other
sensitive part of the body, wash immediately with plenty
of water and seek immediate medical attention.
Service and maintenance
Electrical system 183
Alternator
Sensitivity of alternator
The alternator installation is sensitive to incorrect connection;
therefore, always follow the instructions below:
Disconnection
n Battery and alternator cables must not be disconnected while
the engine is running. A fault may arise in the alternator and
electronics.
n Disconnect and insulate the battery cables before carrying out
any work on the alternator equipment.
Battery connection
n The battery terminals must never be confused. Each terminal
is clearly marked with a (+) or (–) sign respectively. If the ca-
bles are wrongly connected, the alternator rectifier will be de-
stroyed immediately.
n When disconnecting batteries, first break the circuit by switch-
ing the battery disconnect switch off.
Transmission
Transmission oil pressure
The transmission oil pressure is monitored by the machine. If the
oil pressure reaches a low level, the Transmission pressure warn-
ing lamp in the display panel will light accompanied by the red cen-
tral warning lamp, a buzzer, and display message.
WARNING!
Take care when changing oil. Hot oil can cause burns on
unprotected skin.
The oil drain plug for the transmission is located on the left-hand
side of the machine at the bottom of the transmission case.
1 Park the grader on level ground.
2 Place a container with a 38 L (10 US gal) capacity underneath
the drain plug.
3 Remove the filler tube cap located underneath the back of the
cab.
4 Remove the plug and drain the oil.
5 Clean the plug and install it.
6 Fill the transmission with clean fresh oil and install the filler tube
cap. Refer to Recommended lubricants page 217.
7 With the engine running at idle and at operating temperature,
have an assistant check the transmission oil level. It must be in
the middle of the level check sight glass.
Engine clutch
Clutch fluid level
The clutch master cylinder is located under the left-hand side of
the cab. Use only petroleum based fluid in the clutch master cylin-
der. Refer to Recommended lubricants page 217 for the correct
fluid type.
n Clean the top of the reservoir.
n Remove the cap. The fluid level should be approximately
13 mm (1/2 in.) from the top.
n Add the correct fluid type as required.
n Clean up spilled fluid immediately.
1 Master cylinder
2 Cap
Final drives
Final drive oil level, checking
Models G710B to G746B
Chock the tires properly.
n The level check/fill plug for the final drive is the top plug on the
rear of the final drive case. Clean all dirt from around the plug.
n The oil should be at the level of the hole.
n Add final drive oil as required.
Refer to Recommended lubricants page 217 for the correct oil
type.
1 Level check plug
Model G780B
Chock the tires properly.
n The level check plug for the final drive is located in the right-
hand side housing behind the cross shaft cap. Clean all dirt
from around the plug.
n Remove the plug. The oil should be at the level of the hole.
n To add more oil, remove the breather cap from the filler tube
located on the left-hand side of the engine compartment.
Refer to Recommended lubricants page 217 for the correct oil
1 Level check plug
type.
Service and maintenance
Final drives 189
Model G780B
1 Remove the level check plug
2 Place a container with a capacity of 34 liters (9 US gal) under
the final drive drain plug.
3 Remove the plug and drain the oil.
4 Clean and install the drain plug.
5 Refill with clean oil. Fill the final drive until the oil reaches the
bottom of the level check hole.
6 Apply pipe sealant on the threads and install the level check
1 Level check plug plug.
Tandems
Tandem oil level
n Ensure the tandems are level for an accurate oil level check.
n Slight oil pressure inside the tandem may give a false oil level
indication when the oil level dipstick is first removed. Relieve
the pressure by removing the dipstick slowly.
n Remove, clean, then re-insert the dipstick to check the tan-
dem oil level.
n The oil level should be between the two bends of the dipstick.
n Check both tandems.
Refer to Recommended lubricants page 217 for the correct oil
type.
Brake system
Parking brake
The parking brake is driveline-mounted to the transmission output
shaft. Check the parking brake lining every 1000 hours. Have the
brake rebuilt if there is evidence of any fluid leaks, cracked or
chipped linings, or the brake lining has reached a minimum thick-
ness of 0,8 mm (0.031 in.).
Have the parking brake adjusted if the clearance between the
pads and the disc exceeds 1,57 mm (0.062 in.).
With the transmission in third gear, the parking brake should stall
the engine when the clutch is released.
Service and maintenance
192 Brake system
WARNING!
Use only petroleum base fluid in the brake reservoir.
Other liquids may cause brake failure. Severe personal
injury or death could result.
Hydraulic system
This table indicates operating ranges for fluids available for differ-
ent ambient temperatures. Refer to Recommended lubricants
page 217 for further information.
A constant temperature above the normal acceptable operating
range for a specific fluid type may indicate a problem in the hy-
draulic system. Have the system repaired by a qualified service
technician.
Fluid type
Caution 52 to 60 °C 77 to 88 °C 88 to 99 °C
(125 to 140 °F) (170 to 190 °F) (190 to 210 °F)
Warning over 60 °C over 88 °C over 99 °C
(over 140 °F) (over 190 °F) (over 210 °F)
Tires
Check the tire pressure weekly with an accurate pressure
gauge when the tires are cold.
WARNING!
Failure to use a safety cage when inflating tires could
result in severe personal injury or death.
Improper tire inflation can cause premature tire wear. It can also
1 Pressure gauge
affect the grader’s ride and handling.
n Visually inspect the tires daily for excessive tread wear, dam-
age, and air pressure.
n To reduce ‘gallop’, vary the pressures of adjacent tires plus or
minus 35 kPa (5 psi). Make sure the rims are properly installed
on the wheel castings.
n Tire repair or replacement must be performed by qualified per-
sonnel only.
n Do not stand near the tire while inflating. Ensure you use a
self-attaching air chuck with a remote shut-off. Stand behind
a safety cage covering the tire. Refer to Safety when servic-
ing, Tires page 160.
20.50 X 25 12 172 25
Service and maintenance
Climate control system 197
WARNING!
R134a refrigerant is moderately hazardous and should be
handled accordingly. Air conditioning service should only
be performed by a certified technician who is approved to
handle refrigerants and is trained in the correct service
procedures and equipment operation.
Routine maintenance
Compressor seals can dry out and leak if the compressor is not
used for extended periods of time. To prevent the seals from dry-
ing out, operate the air conditioner at least five minutes at each en-
gine oil change (or once a month) – even in the winter months.
Perform a visual inspection for:
1 Loose electrical connections
2 Damage to components
3 Damage to refrigerant or coolant hoses
The cab has a standard cab air filter and an optional external filter.
The condition of the filters is entirely dependent on the working en-
vironment of the machine. Check the filters once a week.
NOTE! The cab filter(s) are only intended to separate dust
particles from the air. Any dangerous gases are not trapped
by the filter.
NOTE! Use approved respirator when cleaning filters.
Heater system
1 Ensure the heater shut off taps at the engine are open.
2 Operate blower fans at all speeds; slowly cycle temperature po-
tentiometer from cold to hot to check heater valve operation.
2 Park the grader with the cab in the shade and leave the engine
running.
3 Turn on the air conditioning system and check to see that the
compressor clutch engages.
4 With the engine at high idle, operate the system for ten minutes
and measure the temperature of the cooling air at the seat deck
riser vent.
5 At some time during testing, the lower vent temperature should
drop to the range of 1° C to 14° C (34° F to 58° F).
NOTE! The vent temperature will vary with humidity and ambi-
ent temperature readings.
6 Inspect for any evidence of leakage, repairing the system imme-
diately if a leak is found.
NOTE! Shut off the air conditioning system immediately if the
clutch engages but the suction line to the compressor is not
cold in 1 to 2 minutes. Continued operation in this condition
can damage the compressor.
Miscellaneous
Circle adjustment
G710B to G746B
n Adjust the front guide plate(s) to contact the inner face of the
circle. Contact should be across the complete width of the
guide plate(s).
n Check the backlash of both drive pinions. It should be 2,2 mm
(0.090 in.).
n Adjust the clearance of the rear guide plates to 1,0 mm to
2,0 mm (0.040 in. to 0.080 in.) evenly between the guide
plates and the circle.
1 Guide plates Refer to the Service Manual for G780B and G780B VHP, and fur-
2 Drive pinion ther detailed adjustment instructions. Have the circle adjusted by
qualified service personnel.
Tool box
The toolbox is mounted on the right-hand tandem case.
Maintenance schedule
This schedule shows which measures should be taken at the re-
spective hour meter readings.
Example: When the machine has been operated for 1000 hours,
the Daily, Weekly, 250, 500 and 1000 hour services should be car-
ried out according to the Lubrication and service chart.
Service intervals
NOTE! Daily and Weekly service should always be carried out
first.
A 250 hours
B 500 hours
C 1000 hours
D 1500 hours
E 2000 hours
Refer to Lubrication and service chart page 204.
Service and maintenance
202 Grease points
Grease points
Item Description Points
1 Pivot pin 2
20 Check All Wheel Drive pump drive gearbox oil level 195
Adjustment checks
Axle pivot bearing preload
Stirrup bearings
Steering draglink jam nuts
Circle, circle timing
Ball cap
Drawbar ball stud
Inspect Page
Moldboard sliding surfaces
Hydraulic cylinders
Driveshafts/couplings
Transmission mounts 231
Air cleaner and Air intake 170
Radiator 172
Attachment mounting bolts
Throttle linkages
Service and maintenance
208 Lubrication and service chart
Adjustment checks
Wheel toe-in
Blade lift cylinder trunnions
Wheel bearing preload. See Service Manual.
Inspect Page
Pump mounts
Cab and ROPS mounting bolts 231
Wheel rim bolts 231
Articulation lock pins
Torque Page
Steering draglink jam nuts 231
Service and maintenance
210 Lubrication and service chart
Adjustment checks
Primary hydraulic relief settings
Steering system pressures
Transmission lubrication lock-up pressures
Inspect Page
Tilt quadrant bolt
Hydraulic oil. Replace if necessary. Clean suction strainer and magnetic 194
plug as equipped.
Fan motor hydraulic hoses
Fan motor mount and bracket bolts
Parking brake linings/adjustment 191
Torque Page
Final drive to frame bolts 231
Final drive to tandem bolts 231
Service and maintenance
212 Lubrication and service chart
Inspect
Engine and turbocharger mounting bolts
Belts and pulleys
Service and maintenance
214 Lubrication and service chart
Inspect
Vibration damper
Engine belts and pulleys
As required maintenance
Checks
Specifications
Recommended lubricants
Specifications
218 Recommended lubricants
Grease type
Grease with a lithium base together with EP additives and consis-
tency No. NLGI-2 without molybdenum disulphide additive
(MoS2).
Fuel Recommendations
The fuel used must be clean, completely distilled, stable and non-
corrosive. Distillation range, cetane level and sulfur content are
most important when selecting fuel for optimum combustion and
minimum wear.
Engine working conditions and ambient temperature influence the
selection of the fuel with respect to cold handling properties and
cetane levels.
In cold weather conditions, below 32 ºF (0 ºC), the use of lighter
distillate or higher cetane level fuel are recommended. (Final boil-
ing point max. 660 ºF (349 ºC) and cetane min 45.)
To avoid excessive deposit formation and to minimize the emis-
sions of sulfur dioxide into the ambient air, the sulfur content of the
fuel should be the lowest available. The diesel fuels recommend-
ed for use in Volvo engines should meet ASTM designation: D 975
No. ID (C-B) or No. 2D (T-T); with a cetane level above 42 and sul-
fur content not exceeding 0.5 percent by weight.
Specifications
Capacities 219
Capacities
Component Volume
Engine, including filters
G710B to G730B 32 L (8.5 US gal)
G740B, G746B, G780B 39,5 L (10.4 US gal)
Hydraulic tank 134 L (35.4 US gal)
Hydraulic system 210 L (55.5 US gal)
230 L (60.8 US gal) All Wheel Drive models
Tandems (each) 100 L (26.5 US gal) – G710B to G746B
105 L (27.7 US gal) – G780B
All Wheel Drive Gearbox 3.4 L (3.6 US qt)
Final Drive 23 L (6 US gal) – G710B to G746B
34 L (9 US gal) – G780B
Transmission 38 L (10 US gal)
Cooling system
G710B to G730B 28L (7.4 US gal)
G740B, G746B, G780B 31L (8.2 US gal)
Fuel Tank
G710B to G730B 370 L (97.7 US gal)
G740B, G746B, G780B 460 L (121.5 US gal)
Filter changes
Engine
Transmission
Hydraulic system
Cab
Engine
Models G710B to G730B
Make Volvo
Designation D7D
Flywheel output kW (hp) See engine data plate
Number of cylinders 6
Stroke 130 mm (5.118 in.)
Cylinder bore 108.1 mm (4.256 in.)
Cylinder capacity, total 7,2 L (439.4 in3)
Compression ratio 17.5:1
Idling speed, low 800 rpm
Idling speed, high 2400 rpm
Valve clearance, cold engine
Inlet 0,3 ±0,1 mm (0.0118 ±0.0039 in.)
exhaust 0,5 ±0,1 mm (0.0197 ±0.0039 in.)
Oil pressure, min. at low idling speed (warm engine) 80 kPa (0,8 bar)(11.6 psi)
Oil pressure, min. at high idling speed (warm engine) 200 kPa (2 bar)(29 psi)
Air cleaner
Air cleaner
Fuel system
Feed pump
G710B to G730B
G740B to G780B
Cold-starting device
Type Coil
Power, preheating element 2 kW
Time relay (integrated), engagement time Variable
Specifications
224 Cooling system
Cooling system
Fan control system
Minimum fan speed is approximately 500 rpm
Maximum fan speed is approximately 1750 rpm.
Fan speeds depend on ambient temperature, duty cycle, and machine model.
Cooling fan has 9 blades.
Thermostat
G710B to G730B
Type Closed system
Thermostat begins to open at 83° C (181° F)
Thermostat fully open at 95° C (203° F)
G740B to G780B
Type Closed system
Thermostat begins to open at 82° C (180° F)
Thermostat fully open at 92° C (198° F)
Specifications
Electrical system 225
Electrical system
System voltage 24 V
Batteries 2 pcs, 12 V connected in series
Battery voltage 12 V
Battery reserve capacity 160 minutes – G710B
195 minutes – G720B to G780B
(25 amp @ 27° C/80° F)
Battery capacity 96 Ah – G710B to G730B
117 Ah – G740B to G780B
Battery cold cranking amps 660 CCA – G710B to G730B
950 CCA – G740B to G780B
Chassis connection Negative terminal
Alternator output 1800 W
2400 W (optional)
Current max. 75 amp
100 A (optional)
Starter motor output 5.4 kW – G710B to G730B
7.5 kW – G740B to G780B
Bulbs
Watt Socket
Headlamps 75 W/70 W H4
Parking lights 4W –
Directional indicators 21 W Single contact bayonet
Working lights 75 W/70 W H4
Instrument lighting 1.2 W –
Rotating beacon 70 W H3
Tail lights 5W Single contact bayonet
Stop lights 21 W Single contact bayonet
Back-up lights 21 W Single contact bayonet
Specifications
226 Electrical system
Fuses
See also Circuit breakers and fuses page 183.
Power transmission
Transmission
Make Volvo
Type Fully sequential, direct drive, powershift transmission,
with eight forward and four reverse speeds
Designation 8400
Number of gears forward/reverse 8/4
Gear-shifting system Electro-hydraulic
Speed range
G720B, G726B,
Model G710B G740B, G746B G780B
G730B
Forward gears km/h mph km/h mph km/h mph km/h mph
Reverse gears
Clutch
Type Wet clutch, 343 mm (13.5 in.) diameter
Final drives
G710B to G726B
Make Volvo
Model SR30 – Single reduction
Gear ratio 6.14:1
Differential lock Dog clutch
Differential lock operation Electro-hydraulic
G730B to G746B
Make Volvo
Model SR40 – Single reduction
Gear ratio 6.14:1
Differential lock Dog clutch
Differential lock operation Electro-hydraulic
G780B
Make Volvo
Model Volvo twin bull gear – Double reduction
Gear ratio 8.97:1
Differential lock Dog clutch
Differential lock operation Electro-hydraulic
Tandem
Type Chain drive, single reduction
Specifications
Brake system 229
Brake system
Service brakes
The Service brakes are oil disc hydraulic brakes. The system consists of two independent brake circuits. The circuits
are open center with an electric back-up pump.
The first circuit is connected to the master cylinder outlet port of the master cylinder, and to the front right-hand and rear
left-hand brake units.
The second circuit connects to the second outlet port, and to the rear right-hand and front left-hand brake units.
Parking brake
The parking brake an electrically activated, spring applied high pressure caliper disc brake. It is hydraulically released.
Accumulator manual recharge relief valve 1 724 kPa (17,2 bar)(250 psi)
Accumulator precharge 689 kPa (7 bar)(100 psi)
Intensifier pressure ratio 11.5:1
Minimum brake release pressure 7 929 kPa (79,3 bar)(1150 psi)
Maximum brake pressure 20,7 MPa (207 bar)(3000 psi)
Specifications
230 Hydraulic/Steering system
Hydraulic/Steering system
Hydraulic system
Type of system Closed center, load sensing system
Standby pressure (varies with fan speed)
Fan speed at 500 rpm 3447 – 4137 kPa (500 – 600 psi)
Fan not connected 2413 kPa (350 psi)
Type of hydraulic pump Pressure and flow compensating (load sensing)
variable displacement piston pump
Pump displacement 130 cc (7.93 in3) per revolution
Pump flow 284 Lpm (75 gpm) @ 2200 rpm
Maximum system working pressure 17,2 MPa (172 bar)(2500 psi)
Differential pressure setting 2400 kPa (24 bar)(350 psi)
Pressure compensator setting 19 MPa (186 bar)(2700 psi)
External load sense relief valve setting 14,8 MPa (148 bar)(2150 psi)
Fan motor Fixed displacement vane motor
Fan motor displacement 45 cc (2.75 in3) per revolution
Minimum fan speed 550 rpm (nominal)
Maximum fan speed 1750 rpm (nominal)
Hydraulic filter 10 micron absolute – 2 micron nominal
Steering system
Type of steering system Hydraulic power front wheel steering. Incorpo-
rates two steering cylinders. System is:
– load sensing
– closed center
– dynamic signal
Number of steering wheel revolutions 6.5
Steering arc 72°
Wheel lean 18° (15° for All Wheel Drive models)
Front axle pivot 16°
Steering lock (articulated) 2 X 22°
Minimum turning radius using front axle steering, artic- 7,4 m (24 ft 4 in.) G726B
ulation, wheel lean, and unlocked differential 7,75 m (25 ft - 5 in.) G710B, G780B
7,77 m (25 ft - 6 in.) G730B
7,80 m (25 ft - 7 in.) G740B, G746B
Specifications
Critical mounting torques 231
Dimensional drawing
Model
Vibration levels
Whole body vibration is less than 1.25 m/s2 RMS, measured on
the operator’s seat according to ISO 7096.
The operator’s seat in the grader meets the following technical
specifications: ISO 6683, ISO 7096 EM4/EM5/EM6/EM7/EM8.
The seat meets the requirements for a grader application under
EM4.
Alphabetical index 235