Technical Specifications

GEOMATICA® CORE

Most of today’s geomatics applications are interdisciplinary; remote sensing, image processing,
GIS, and cartography must all be used to extract information and provide answers from existing
data.

Geomatica Core offers robust solutions for all types of desktop geomatics. State-of-the-art tools
in Geomatica Core include those for geometrical correction, data visualization and editing, image
classification, cartographic map production, and much more.

This technical specification document outlines the great tools and functionality available in
Geomatica Core.

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 1 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

GEOMATICA FOCUS..................................................................................................... 4
VIEWING ENVIRONMENT.....................................................................................................................................4
MENU BAR .................................................................................................................................................................4
FILE Menu................................................................................................................................................................4
EDIT Menu...............................................................................................................................................................4
VIEW Menu..............................................................................................................................................................4
LAYER Menu...........................................................................................................................................................5
ANALYSIS Menu ....................................................................................................................................................5
TOOLS Menu ...........................................................................................................................................................5
HELP Menu ..............................................................................................................................................................5
MAPS Tree ...............................................................................................................................................................6
Legend in MAPS Tab ...............................................................................................................................................8
FILES Tree ...............................................................................................................................................................8
View Modes..............................................................................................................................................................9
Secondary View Windows......................................................................................................................................10
DATA ACCESS TOOLS ..........................................................................................................................................11
Loading Data ..........................................................................................................................................................11
Remote Data Wizard...............................................................................................................................................11
Import ASCII Tables/Points Wizard.......................................................................................................................11
Import/Link.............................................................................................................................................................11
Project Files ............................................................................................................................................................12
DATA MANAGEMENT TOOLS ............................................................................................................................12
Clipping/Subsetting ................................................................................................................................................12
Reproject.................................................................................................................................................................12
Translate (Export) ...................................................................................................................................................13
Transfer Layers .......................................................................................................................................................13
Thumbnails .............................................................................................................................................................13
3-D Data Cube ........................................................................................................................................................13
Flicker .....................................................................................................................................................................13
Swipe ......................................................................................................................................................................14
Blend.......................................................................................................................................................................14
Loop........................................................................................................................................................................14
Cycle .......................................................................................................................................................................14
INFORMATION TOOLS.........................................................................................................................................14
Numeric Values ......................................................................................................................................................14
Cursor Control ........................................................................................................................................................14
Information Report .................................................................................................................................................14
ANALYSIS TOOLS ..................................................................................................................................................14
Named Regions.......................................................................................................................................................14
Multi-Histogram Display ........................................................................................................................................14
Scatter Plot..............................................................................................................................................................14
Profile Windows .....................................................................................................................................................15
Filter........................................................................................................................................................................15
VECTOR DATA TOOLS .........................................................................................................................................15
Attribute Manager...................................................................................................................................................15
Aggregate Attributes...............................................................................................................................................15
Spatial Queries........................................................................................................................................................15
Display Styles .........................................................................................................................................................16
IMAGE CLASSIFICATION....................................................................................................................................17
Unsupervised Classification....................................................................................................................................17
Supervised Classification........................................................................................................................................17
Post Classification Analysis....................................................................................................................................18

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 2 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

MAP PRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................18
Map Production in Focus ........................................................................................................................................18
Map Printing ...........................................................................................................................................................18

ALGORITHM LIBRARIAN............................................................................................ 19
ALGORITHM MODULES AVAILABLE IN GEOMATICA CORE..................................................................19
Analysis ..................................................................................................................................................................19
Classification ..........................................................................................................................................................19
Data Interchange .....................................................................................................................................................19
Image Correction ....................................................................................................................................................21
Image Processing ....................................................................................................................................................21
Utilities ...................................................................................................................................................................21
ONLINE HELP .........................................................................................................................................................22

ORTHOENGINE ........................................................................................................... 23
POLYNOMIAL AND THIN PLATE SPLINE MATH MODELS .......................................................................23
IMPORTING IMAGES ............................................................................................................................................23
GROUND CONTROL ..............................................................................................................................................23
GCP Collection .......................................................................................................................................................23
Tie-Point Collection................................................................................................................................................23
Residual Report ......................................................................................................................................................23
Overall Layout ........................................................................................................................................................23
GEOMETRIC CORRECTION ...............................................................................................................................23
MOSAICKING ..........................................................................................................................................................24
Manual Mosaicking ................................................................................................................................................24

FLY! .............................................................................................................................. 25
FLY! VISUALIZATION ..........................................................................................................................................25
LOADING DATA......................................................................................................................................................25
VISUALIZATION CONTROLS .............................................................................................................................25
NADIR VIEW ............................................................................................................................................................26
RENDERING.............................................................................................................................................................26
Rendering Window .................................................................................................................................................26
Fogging mode .........................................................................................................................................................26
Render Mode ..........................................................................................................................................................26
Rendering Quality...................................................................................................................................................26
FLIGHT PATH CREATION ...................................................................................................................................26
SAVING DATA .........................................................................................................................................................26

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 3 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
 • Group/Ungroup – links or separates
Geomatica Focus vector elements such as polygons,
shapes, text, and symbols
VIEWING ENVIRONMENT • Attach/Detach – connects or
separates items in the same layer
Geomatica Focus includes all of the tools using the Attribute Manager or Arrow
and functionality needed to view and selector
analyze geospatial data. The Focus • Vector Editing – opens the Vector
viewing environment is divided into six Editing Tools toolbar
sections: • Set Style Attribute – lets you set
• Menu bar attributes in a vector layer that
• Toolbars determine the representation style
• Control pane
• View pane
• Overview window VIEW Menu
• Status bar • Area View Mode – shows the loaded
data in the full extents of the view
MENU BAR area (no cartographic elements are
shown)
FILE Menu • Map View Mode – shows a print
• New Project – starts a new project preview of the cartographic element
and clears the Focus window data
• Open – accesses existing data or • Zoom Window – creates a secondary
project files viewer window that can be used to
• Save Project or Save Project As – create different views of the same
saves project files to specific dataset
destinations or overwrites existing • Clone View – creates a secondary
project files viewer window that can be used to
• Utility > reorder the layers and create different
• Import to PCIDSK views
• Link • Zoom to >
• Translate • Overview of area
• Transfer Layers • Zoom In
• Import ASCII table/points • Zoom Out
• Export XML Project • 1:1 Image Resolution
• Print Map – prints a specified map • Zoom to Scale
• Export Map – exports a map to an • Named Regions – lets you create
Adobe Illustrator, JPEG, JPEG 2000, and use custom zoom levels for
PCIDSK, TIFF, BMP, HP RTL or EMF specific locations
format • Thumbnails – lets you view images
• Direct Open Project – directly opens across several spectral bands in a tiled
a Focus project rectangular array
• Exit – exits Focus • Visualization Tools – lets you
simultaneously view and compare
multiple image layers
EDIT Menu • 3D Data Cube – displays a 3-D data
model, allowing you to assess the
• Undo/Redo – undoes and redoes
number and nature of spectra
performed actions
endmembers present in a scene
• Cut, Copy, and Paste – removes,
• Toolbars – lets you display the
copies, and pastes layers in the tree
toolbars you want to use
list
• Show Grid – displays grid lines in the
view pane
Technical Specifications

• Snap to Grid – snaps text to grid • Supervised – lets you perform

lines supervised image classification
• Layout Grid Setup – defines grid • Unsupervised – lets you perform
properties unsupervised image classification
• Display Options – controls the Focus • Post Classification Analysis –
viewing environment includes tools for accuracy
• Properties – lets you view properties assessments, aggregation, class
for the current highlighted layer in the editing, and class labeling
tree list. Properties are enabled for • DEM Editing – opens the DEM Editing
layers, maps, areas, and all layers on window
the Files tab.

TOOLS Menu
LAYER Menu • Algorithm Librarian – provides easy
• Add – lets you add the following access to many robust geospatial
layers to the Maps tree: processing and analysis algorithms
• Vector • EASI Modeling – lets you write and
• RGB run modeling scripts
• Grayscale • Raster Calculator – lets you
• Pseudocolor formulate, write, and run calculations
• Bitmap based on data associated with raster
• Visible – lets you turn a layer on or files; supports multiple files and raster
off attributes
• Selectable – lets you select shapes • Data Merge – lets you merge data
from a vector layer into common file
• Layer Manager – lets you manage • Reprojection – lets you reproject
layer properties data
• Attribute Manager – lets you view • Clipping/Subsetting – lets you
the attributes of a selected layer create a new subset database from
• Histograms and Numeric Values – selected layers and other information
lets you analyze a selected image sampled from an existing source file
layer • Digitizing Tablet >
• Scatter Plot and Spectra Plot – • Register
creates image analysis plots • Start Digitizing
• Profile – lets you view a graph profile • Stop Digitizing
of the image layer • GPS Tool – updates the cursor in an
• Filter – applies a low-pass, high-pass, area from a GPS unit or uses GPS data
or custom filter to an image layer for a new vector layer
• Area Neighbors – determines the • Representation Editor – supports
adjacent polygons of selected polygons thematic mapping
• Aggregate Attributes – shows • Options – lets you customize how
summary statistics for an attribute Focus handles certain features and
table uses system resources
• RGB Mapper – changes the RGB
combination of a layer that is
displayed within the viewer HELP Menu
The Help menu includes the online Help
system and lets you check for updates,
ANALYSIS Menu connect the PCI Geomatics Web site, and
• Image Classification -> view Geomatica version information.

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 5 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

TOOLBARS CONTROL PANE

The Focus toolbars provide easy access to MAPS Tree

the following functions:
The Maps tree contains the layers that are
• New Project
currently displayed in the view area. Layer
• Open File
types include:
• Save
• Print • RGB image layer
• Control Pane toggle • Grayscale image layer
• Chained Window • Pseudo-color image layer
• New Map • Vector layer
• New Area • Bitmap layer
• Launch the Add Layer Wizard
• Cut A context menu for each of these layer
• Copy types is available by right–clicking the
• Paste layer. These options, which differ for each
• Undo layer type, include the following:
• Redo
• Zoom to Overview RGB/Grayscale Image Layer
• Named Regions • Cut and Copy – moves a layer in the
• Zoom Interactive tree list
• Zoom In • Save – saves an edited layer
• Zoom Out • Save As – saves an edited layer as a
• Zoom to 1:1 Image Resolution new file or as a new layer in an
• Pan existing file
• Cursor Control • Remove – removes the layer from the
• Information view pane
• Open the Attribute Manager • Rename – renames the layer in the
• Numeric Values tree list
• Measure • Overview of Layer – fits the selected
• Selection Tools layer to the view pane
• Vector Editing • 1:1 Image Resolution – zooms to a
• New Shapes 1:1 image resolution based on the
• New Text selected layer
• Raster Erase • Enhance – applies a selected
• Raster Editing enhancement
• Spatial Query • Filter – allows you to apply a filter to a
• Set Symbol Color layer or to the entire file
• Set Symbol Style • Attribute Manager – opens a related
• Set Line Color attribute table
• Set Line Style • Numeric Values – lets you work
• Set Area Color directly with the pixel values in raster
• Set Area Style data
• Set Text Color • Histograms – lets you visualize the
• Set Text Style relationship of digital-number values
• Enhancements within an image band and extract
• Contrasts statistical information about image
• Brightness bands
• Map View Mode • Spectra Plot – lets you view and
• Area View Mode configure a detailed graph that plots
radiometric quantity and wavelength

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 6 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

• Scatter Plot – lets you visualize your • Representation Editor – determines

data the appearance of shapes in thematic
• 3-D Data Cube – helps you understand mapping
the structure of the data you are • Properties – shows layer properties,
working with by letting you assess the including file information and color
number and nature of spectra applied to the bitmap layer
endmembers present in a scene
• Profile – lets you control various Vector Layer
aspects of the profile graph and table • Cut and Copy – moves a layer in the
• Image Classification – lets you create tree list
or edit a classification session • Save and Save As – saves an edited
• Properties – shows layer properties, layer
including file information, • Remove – removes a selected layer
enhancements, and resampling from the project
methods • Rename – renames a selected layer in
the tree list
PCT Image Layer • Selectable – lets you select shapes
• Includes the same choices as RGB and from the current layer
grayscale, except for: enhance, scatter • Select all shapes
plot, spectra plot, and image • Unselect all shapes
classification • Overview of Layer – fits the selected
• Selectable (thematic layers) – lets you layer to the view pane
select shapes from the current layer • Color – lets you choose a predefined
• Select all shapes (thematic layers) color or create a color for a layer
• Unselect all shapes • Representation Editor – determines
• Edit PCT – lets you define the value the appearance of shapes in thematic
colors for a selected image mapping
• Representation Editor – determines • Legend Items – shows or hides legend
the appearance of shapes in thematic items
mapping • Attribute Manager – opens a related
• Legend Items – shows or hides legend attribute table
items • Properties – shows layer properties,
• Attribute Manager – opens a related including file information and the type
attribute table of applied representation

Bitmap Layer Right-clicking in the space surrounding a

• Cut and Copy – moves a layer in the layer also displays a context menu with
tree list the following options:
• Save and Save As – saves an edited • Paste
layer • Save Project
• Remove – removes a selected layer • Save Project As
from the project • Open
• Rename – renames a selected layer in • New Project
the tree list • New Map
• Overview of Layer – fits the selected • Layer Manager
layer to the view pane
• 1:1 Resolution – zooms to a 1:1 image
resolution based on the selected layer
• Color – lets you choose a predefined
color or create a color for the layer

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 7 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

functions, such as Import, Link, Export,

Legend in MAPS Tab Reproject, and Clipping/Subsetting.
By default, the layers displayed in the
Maps tree are represented in a legend that The context menu in the Files tree
itemizes the representation and is unique includes:
for the type of layer selected as follows: • Save – saves the entire file with any
edits
Vector • Translate – lets you translat the file
• Shows the legend entries for all the into any GDB-supported file format
representation that is being used for • New – lets you add different layer
that layer. For an RST layer, all types to a selected file
repcodes that are present are listed. • Remove – removes the file from the
current project
RGB Image Layers • Delete – removes the file from the
• Shows a color ramp for each band and project and deletes the file from the
shows the range of raw pixel values disk
• Build Overviews – builds overview
Grayscale Image Layers layers for faster data rendering
• Shows a gray ramp with the range of • Delete Overviews – deletes overviews
raw pixel values from a selected file
• If the layer is represented using a • Algorithm Librarian – launches the
thematic display, each class is shown Algorithm Librarian
• Properties – lets you access file
Pseudo-colored properties, including:
• Shows one entry for each range in the • General tab – provides information
PCT. If a layer has metadata specifying about the file path, type, and size
legend items, only those are shown • History tab – lists any operations
• If a layer is represented using performed on the selected file
thematic display, each class is shown • Metadata tab – displays any
metadata for the selected file
Bitmap • Projection tab – lists projection
• Shows one entry with the color and an information for the selected file,
optional description of the bitmap including projection, datum, and
• If a bitmap is represented using corner coordinates
thematic display, there are two legend
entries For each layer type, there is a context
menu that contains the following options.
These layers can be toggled on and off by
right-clicking in the Maps tree and clicking Image Layers
Legend Items. • Save – saves the layer with any
changes
FILES Tree • Delete – removes the layer from the
file
The Files tab contains information about
• View – automatically loads the layer to
all files that are added to a project. Each
the view area and places the layer in
file is listed with all layers in those files.
the current area in the Maps tree
• Attribute Manager – opens a related
Right–clicking in the Files tree opens a
attribute table
context menu that lets you add a file to
• Export (Save As) –saves an edited
the current project, launch the Data
layer as a new file or as a new layer in
Merge wizard or access the Utility
an existing file

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 8 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

• Histogram Stats – provides a detailed • View – automatically loads the layer to

graph and statistics about a selected the view area and places the layer in
layer the current area in the Maps tree
• Build Overviews – builds overview • Export (Save As) – saves an edited
layers for rendering data faster layer as a new file or as a new layer in
• Delete Overviews – deletes overviews an existing file
from a selected file • Properties – lets you access the
• Properties – lets you access the properties for the selected layer,
properties for the selected layer, including:
including: • General tab – displays information
• General tab – displays information about the file path, type, and size
about the file path, type, and size • History tab – lists the operations that
• History tab – lists the operations that have been performed on this file
have been performed on this file • Metadata tab – displays any
• Metadata tab – displays any metadata for the selected file
metadata for the selected file

Vector Layers VIEW PANE

• Save – saves the layer with any
The view pane displays the actual loaded
changes
data. In this area, you can place the
• Delete – removes the layer from the
cross-hair pointer within the loaded data
file
to obtain the position, image values, or
• View – automatically loads the layer to
vector ID in the message bar at the
the view area and places the layer in
bottom of the pane. Information that is
the current area in the Maps tree
displayed depends on the selected layer in
• Attribute Manager – opens a related
the Maps tree. If a vector layer is selected
attribute table
with the selection tool enabled, the vector
• Export (Save As) – saves an edited
layer name, entity ID, and length is
layer as a new file or as a new layer in
displayed.
an existing file
• Properties – lets you access the
For some toolbar functions, the pointer
properties for the selected layer,
location in the view area controls the
including:
image that is affected. If you have two or
• General tab – displays information
more images loaded in the view pane, the
about the file path, type, and size
top-most image is affected by any
• History tab – lists the operations that
enhancements. Also, if you want to zoom
have been performed on this file
to 1:1 resolution, it is done based on the
• Metadata tab – displays any
visible image and where the pointer is
metadata for the selected file
located.
• Projection tab – lists projection
information for the selected file,
View Modes
including projection, datum, and
corner coordinates In Focus, there are two view modes: Area
View Mode and Map View Mode.
Other Layers (such as look-up tables,
bitmaps, pseudo-color tables, GCPs, The Area View Mode shows data in the
signatures, and text) full extents of the view pane. In this
• Save – saves the layer with any mode, no cartographic elements are
changes shown; only the loaded geospatial data is
• Delete – removes the layer from the shown.
file

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 9 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

The Map View Mode shows data as it can

be printed. The paper size is controlled by Zoom Window – creates a second viewer
selecting the map layer in the tree and that can show different views of the same
accessing its properties. data sets. For example, if you want to
zoom in one window and leave the second
Added cartographic surround elements at overview zoom level.
(for example, scale bars, legends, and
north arrows) are available in Map View Clone View – creates a second viewer in
Mode only. You can access the Area View which you can create a completely
Mode at any time to view data for a different layer.
particular area rather than the entire map.
The cartographic elements are not When the Clone View window is open, a
available in this mode, but are still active copy of the entire map allows you to
in the project. reorder layers and create a different data
set.
The different view modes let you perform
processing and analysis work and create You can link the pointer in the two
cartographic output in the same interface. windows by clicking the Link Windows
button on the toolbar.
Right-clicking in the view pane provides a
context menu that includes the following OVERVIEW WINDOW
options:
The Overview window is located to the left
• Clone View – opens a second viewer of the view pane and below the control
• View Map – lets you view a selected pane, and displays a complete overview of
map from the Maps tree the Focus view pane.
• Zoom To – lets you zoom to one of the
following views: The Overview Window shows a smaller
• Zoom to Overview version of the image in the Focus view
• Zoom In pane with a bounding outline that you can
• Zoom Out use to control what is displayed in the
• 1:1 Image Resolution view pane. You can resize the bounding
• Zoom Percent outline and zoom the image.
• Named Region
• New Shapes – lets you select one of STATUS BAR
the following shape tools:
The status bar at the bottom of the Focus
• Points
window displays particular values based
• Line
on the location of the pointer, including:
• Polygon
• Rectangle
• Location coordinates – can be any
• Ellipse
of the following units:
• Trace
• Paper (mm)
• Raster seeding
• Raster (pixels/lines)
• Cut, Copy, and Paste
• Geocoded (projection)
• Vector Editing
• Geographic (latitude/longitude)
• Set Style Attribute
• MGRS (US Military Grid Reference
System)
Secondary View Windows
• Screen (based on window size)
In Focus, there are two types of
secondary viewing windows: Zoom and You can set units by clicking the arrow
Clone View. next to the coordinate display.

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 10 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

• Image layer value(s) –if an image Remote Data Wizard

layer is selected in the Maps tree, the The Remote Data Wizard provides access
gray-level values of that layer are to any compatible data from an Oracle
displayed in the status bar for the database, a Web service (Web Feature
pointer location. This information Server or Web Map Server), a URL, and
includes three values for an RGB layer through Open Database Connectivity
or one value for a grayscale or (ODBC)
pseudo-color layer.
The Remote Data Wizard includes a
• Vector ID –if you use a vector connection manager that saves the
selection mode and select a single connection information after you have
vector, the following information is successfully obtained data from the
displayed about that line: layer name, external data source. It functions like an
ID number, and line length. If you address book for your established
select multiple entries, the number of connections
selected lines displays.

• Zoom factor – displays the Import ASCII Tables/Points Wizard

magnification value for the current
You can use the Import ASCII
layer
Table/Points Wizard to import and convert
tabular ASCII data. You can format ASCII
• Approximate Scale Factor – displays
data the same way as you would with a
a value that is calculated from an
spread sheet application. In the wizard,
assumed screen size
selecting the Delimited option from the
Data Format area lets you specify a
• Hint text – displays information about
formatting character for the table
a button on a toolbar when you point
columns. You can either select a delimiter
to it
or specify another delimiter by enabling
the Other check box and identifying the
• Progress Monitor – displays the
character in the Other box.
progress of long-running processes
The Data Preview area displays an
These options can be turned on or off by
updated version of the information. The
clicking the first arrow in the status bar
wizard detects delimiters and file formats
and clicking the option. A check mark next
when you open a text file. When you
to an option indicates it is enabled.
select the Fixed Width data format and
click Next, you can identify the number of
DATA ACCESS TOOLS
characters in a column of a fixed width
formatted file.
Loading Data
Geomatica uses generic database (GDB)
technology for reading raster, vector, and
other information directly from an Import/Link
extensive list of supported file formats.
The Import utility lets you import GDB-
Because no conversion is needed, this
supported formats into a PCIDSK format.
technology offers the advantage of quick
and direct access to data and eliminates
The Link utility protects source data by
the need to reproduce files. Data of any
creating an empty PCIDSK database and
bit depth, size, and resolution can be read
allowing indirect access to imagery on
into a single window.
both GDB-supported and PCIDSK files.

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 11 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

Project Files files, the size of which is determined by

Focus uses project files, which are a the script.
collection of links to data files that refer to
how data from those files is currently Different reference systems can be used
viewed, including the order in which the to select a subset area, including:
layers display and any enhancements that • Raster extents
have been applied. Project files also save • Geocoded extents
auxiliary information, such as cartographic • Longitude and latitude extents
surrounds. • Raster offset and size
• Geocoded offset and size
A project saves information and lets you
distribute it to other users (data files must You can also create tiles from the input
also be sent). file.

DATA MANAGEMENT TOOLS Output file selection area – lets you

select the output file name and format.
Clipping/Subsetting You can also specify No Data Values or
create an Output Clip Boundary Vector
Selecting the Clipping/Subsetting option
layer.
lets you create a new subset database
from selected layers and other information
sampled from an existing source file.
Reproject
There are four subset option areas: You can reproject an existing file, which
creates a new file with the same data in a
Input file selection area – lets you different projection.
select the subset input file
The following three areas are available:
Available layers area – lets you select
the input file layer that you want subset to Source and Destination File selection
the output file. Any number of layers can area – lets you choose the input and
be subset at once. output files with the format file that you
want to create
Define clip region – lets you select the
clip or subset area that you want to use. Reprojection Bounds area – lets you
You can do this visually by displaying a select the type of bounds that you want to
overview and dragging out a clip size use:
definition box. You can also type the • Pixels/lines and bounds - lets you
coordinates in the provided text boxes. vary the pixel size to create a file with
the pixel, lines, and bounds values
Other clip definition methods include: • Pixels/lines and resolution – lets
• Subset-defined coordinates you vary the bounds based on the
• Subsets based on the extents of a resolution of the source file
selected file • Bounds and resolution – lets you
• Subsets based on the extents of a enter the file size in pixels and lines,
selected layer and set the pixel size
• Subsets based on a named region
• Script subset files You can select a projection to reproject
and set up the suggested projection
You can also create a script that adds a parameters.
single file subset to a group of smaller

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 12 of 27

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Technical Specifications

You can also set the Resampling and data can either be added to a new layer or
Transform orders and the sampling overwritten in the destination file.
interval.

Selectable Layers area – lets you select VISUALIZATION TOOLS

the layers from the input file that you
want in the output file. Any number of Thumbnails
layers can be selected at a time. The Thumbnails window lets you view
overviews simultaneously from multiple
image bands. The Thumbnails window
Translate (Export) works for multispectral and hyperspectral
You can translate a file from one format to data, but displays raster layers only. If a
another; neither the source nor file contains no channels, the Thumbnails
destination file has to be in a PCIDSK option is not available. You can view
format. images across several spectral bands in a
tiled rectangular array and display the
The Translate window consists of three images that correspond to several or all
sections: bands in the cube side by side.

Source and Destination File selection

area – lets you choose the input and 3-D Data Cube
output files by browsing your file system The 3-D Data Cube is an independent
graphical tool that displays a three-
Format selection – lets you choose from dimensional data model. You can work in
any of the GDB-supported formats. For a the view pane while the 3-D display is
list of supported formats, see the GDB active. You can work with any multi-layer
technology technical specification sheet. data, including hyperspectral data.

Some formats have different options; for The Cube Excavation Area has text and
example, a TIFF file can be compressed slide controls that let you view a
using any one of five different methods. rectangular section of the layers in the
You can see the available options for the cube. You can change the shape and the
selected format by clicking the ? button. depth of the excavation with the slide
controls. When you use a wheel mouse,
Selectable Layers area – lets you select you can lock the excavation of the x, y, or
the layers from the input file that you z plains of the cube. You can also lock all
want in the output file. You can translate plains at once and change the view of the
any number of layers at once. When a excavation by using the mouse wheel.
particular format is selected, only the
layers that are applicable to that format
are available from the input list. For Flicker
example, if you translate from a PCIDSK
Using Flicker toggles between two layers
format to a Shapefile format, only vector
within the same Map. When you select
layers are available for the selection.
any two layers in the Maps tree, the
associated images flicker from the front to
the back of the view pane, making it
Transfer Layers
easier to see subtle differences between
You can transfer individual layers from a them.
source file to a destination file from the
Transfer Layers window. The transferred

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 13 of 27

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should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

Swipe • Finds a particular location based on

Using Swipe displays a file in increments displayed coordinates
across another; at any point during the
process, you can look at a specific
percentage of the swiped file. Information Report
• Displays individual attributes of
selected vectors or the uppermost
Blend raster layer
Using Blend merges two layers at a • Lets you view and edit attributes
specified rate. The transition from one
view to another helps you see changes
between layers. ANALYSIS TOOLS

Named Regions
Loop • Define the boundaries of various
Loop mode is a multi-view tool that targets in your image or map and save
extends automatic file comparison them as named regions
capabilities to include three or more files. • Navigate rapidly to each named region
You must have at least three layers open
to enable the Loop tab.
Multi-Histogram Display
• Displays statistics such as mean,
Cycle median, standard deviation, minimum
Cycle mode displays image data through a value, maximum value, and total
specified color component. The color that pixels for the selected layer
image channels cycle through is set using • Controls the range of DN values and
the red, green, or blue color channel occurrence counts in the histogram
options. You can select image channels to • Exports a histogram to a new text file
use with the Display Ranges box. You can or prints it to a PostScript or ASCII
also specify whether the image layers are format file
cycled through the color component
forward, starting with the first image
channel you specify, or backward, starting Scatter Plot
with the last image channel specified. • Provides a data-visualization tool that
lets you instantly see where the
INFORMATION TOOLS majority of data values (or pixels) are
concentrated
Numeric Values • Takes two specified image channels
• Display digital values in one or more and displays a scatter plot of the pixel
image layers centered on the current distributions (one channel used as x-
cursor position axis and the other as the y-axis)
• Display values for one image layer • Displays a linear equation derived from
while investigating another layer a linear regression calculation and the
correlation coefficient associated with
the scatter plot in a Statistics area
Cursor Control • Exports the scatter plot to a graphic
file format (such as BMP or TIFF) or
• Displays cursor location coordinates
prints it to a PostScript or ASCII
• Shows coordinates in paper, raster,
format file
geocoded, and user-defined values

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 14 of 27

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should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

Profile Windows • Lets you view all or selected data

• Creates a vector over imagery and • Lets you sort based on a particular
calculates a profile graph across that attribute or multiple attributes in
vector ascending or descending order
• Shows gray values along the y-axis • Lets you select a particular record and
and the distance of the vector along highlight it in the view area and in the
the x-axis spreadsheet
• Lets you measure between any points • Lets you build complex queries based
along the profile line by using on attribute data (query by example)
mensuration bars • Prints to a file
• Lets you export a profile graph to a • Lets you add and delete records or
graphic file format (such as BMP or fields
TIFF) or print it to a PostScript or • Computes new fields based on existing
ASCII format file fields
• Lists numeric information for each • Lets you zoom to a selected shape
sample pixel along the current profile from the Attribute Manager
in the Profile Table, which contains: • Links attribute tables based on a
• Gray-level values of the currently common attribute
selected layers
• Position of sample pixel in pixel and
line coordinates Aggregate Attributes
• Georeferenced x and y position of • Generate statistics based on pixel
the sample pixel value or area by using the following
• Distance in meters to the first functions: First, Last, Sum, Mean, Min,
sample pixel Max, Mode, Median, Standard
Profile Table values can be exported to Deviation, Ignore, and Weighted
a text file Average
• Produces a tabular result that is
displayed in a new spreadsheet
Filter window in memory only
• Lets you quickly filter an image in
order to sharpen, smooth, or detect
edges Spatial Queries
• Supports filters include Average, • Lets you query a layer to find vector
Gaussian, Median, Mode, Gamma, features within a certain proximity to
Edge Detector, Laplacian, Sobel, and selected vector features
Prewitt filters • Lets you select query results with the
• Lets you create custom filters original selection, including:
• Lets you apply filter to a view or to a • Fully Within – selects all other
file that saves the filtered layer to disk shapes that fall completely within a
selected shape or area
• Partially Within – selects shapes
VECTOR DATA TOOLS that share at least one common
vertex with a selected shape or area
Attribute Manager • Within Distance – selects shapes
• Lets you view attribute data for a that fall completely or partially within
selected layer a specified distance of a selected
• Lets you search for particular values shape or area
• Lets you change view to a single- • Fully Within Distance –selects only
record or table style shapes that fall completely within a

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 15 of 27

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should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

specified distance of a selected • Selection tools

shape • Vector Editing tools:
• Crosses – selects all shapes that • Find
share at least one common vertex • Reverse
with a selected shape • Add Vertices
• Query By Example (QBE) - selects • Join
records that correspond to a set of • Split
criteria that you define • Extend
• Merge
• Mirror Tools
Display Styles • Rotation Tools
You can display vectors in many ways with • Start Node
Focus, including: • Previous Vertex
• Default Representation: • Midpoint of Segment
• Is automatically applied to each • Next Vertex
vector layer when it is opened • End Node
• Can be used when no other • Show Vertices
representation style is applied to the • Vertices
layer • Line Drawing tools:
• Is saved in a project file (.gpr) and is • Draw lines, perform freehand
not portable tracing, and add points
• Can be customized using the Style • Shape Drawing tools:
Selector • Draw squares, rectangles, circles,
• Internal Representation Mechanism: ovals, polygons, and seed a polygon
• Stores the vector representation • Text Editing tool:
internally in the PCIDSK file • Place text in a vector layer
• Controls a simple representation by • Enable a more complex tool by
using the Representation Editor attaching an RST to a vector layer
• Cannot be separate a representation • Erase tool:
from the PIX file or use it with • Erase edits in bitmap layers and
another project or file classification sessions
• Representation Style Table: • Raster Editing tool:
• Produces complex maps • Replace pixel values in an image
• Creates multiple parts for one • Spatial Query
representation, each part with a level
of priority (to the top) DEM EDITING
• Links the RST with the attribute layer
table 2-D DEM editing lets you complete the
• Saves the RST separately (.rst), following procedures for 8-bit, 16-bit, and
making it portable to other maps or 32-bit elevation data:
projects • Generate a display or save an edited
• Links the RST to any GDB-supported DEM to a file
vector format • Apply functions under a mask area or
to an entire layer
EDITING TOOLS • Fill area under a created mask using
an average or user-defined value, or
You can edit image, vector, and bitmap by using the following filtering and
layers and display color, line, style, interpolation functions:
thickness, fill color, fill pattern, font color, • Remove Noise
font, and point symbol with the following • Erode Holes
tools: • Interpolation

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 16 of 27

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should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

• Median Filter Supervised Classification

• Smooth DEM • Includes:
• Parallelpiped and Parallelpiped with
IMAGE CLASSIFICATION Maximum Likelihood Classification tie
breaker (254 classes and 16 input
All class information and setup is stored channels)
as metadata, which prevents the loss of • Maximum Likelihood Classification
any previous work. All layers used for with optional null class
classification are grouped into a metalayer • Minimum Distance Classification
in the tree. A metalayer has a number of based on Euclidean distance (256
options available in a context menu, classes, 16 input channels)
including: • Lets you use a bitmap to include or
• Remove –removes the metalayer exclude areas for classification
from the view pane • Lets you create signatures for a region
• Rename – renames the layer in the under a mask using data from a set of
tree image channels
• Configuration – lets you change the • Lets you create new classes, import
input, visible, training site, and classes (from vector, bitmap, or
output layers signature), and merge classes
• Edit PCT – lets you change the class • Lets you create and edit graphic
colors training sites using all of the New
• Open Training Sites – lets you edit Shapes tools, including the polygon
training sites seeding function. Other training site
• Run Classification – lets you run editing options include:
classification processes using any of • Value – specifies a class value
the supported algorithms • Name – provides a name for each
• Utilities – includes options for class
displaying the signature • Color – lets you select a
separabilities or the classification representation color for each class
preview • Threshold –sets threshold values to
• Post-classification analysis – lets reduce the chance of a pixel being
you start any post-classification classified into more than one class
process, including: accuracy • Bias –weighs one class in favor of
assessment, aggregation, class another to resolve overlapping
editing, and class labeling between classes
• Imported Signature –imports
signatures to define class training
Unsupervised Classification sites
• Includes Isodata, K-Means (minimum • Description –provides a description
distance), and Fuzzy K-Means of each class
unsupervised clustering (255 classes • Opacity – specifies the opacity to
and 16 input channels) enhance training area displays
• Lets you specify ignored background • Lets you analyze training sites, using:
values during classification or the • Signature Seperability –calculates
number of samples to collect for correlation and covariance matrices
performing the iterative clustering using Bhattacharrya Distance and
• Lets you use a bitmap to include or Transformed Divergence
exclude areas for classification • Scatterplot – uses two specified
image channels to display a scatter
plot of the pixel distributions, letting

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 17 of 27

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should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

you see where the majority of data • Uses layer “Priority” to control the
values are concentrated visibility of features in your map (that
• Signature Statistics – show the is, prioritize label layer on top, then
mean and standard deviation for line layer, polygon layer, and raster
each input channel under the class layer at the lowest priority on the
training area mask, using Correlation bottom)
and Covariance matrices • Uses Default Representation,
• Histograms –creates a signature Internal Representation Mechanism,
histogram for a currently selected and Representation style tables to
training site to show that the training control how map features look
site data is distributed normally • Creates numerous surround elements,
• Lets you generate a preview of the including:
classification using any of the • Neatline
supported classification algorithms • Border
• Grid –georeferenced or paper
coordinates
Post Classification Analysis • Legend – for both imagery and
• Accuracy Assessment vectors
• Generates area and percentage • Logo – import custom logos
reports on classification results for • North Arrow – 22 built-in styles
the entire image or a specified sub- • Scalebar – six built-in styles
area • Title/Sub-title
• Generates confusion matrix reports • Allows easy access to the style
• Generates user, producer, and selector with visual previews
overall accuracy reports, and kappa • Provides a Paragraph tool that adds
statistics multi-line descriptive text anywhere on
• Class Editing a map layout
• Combines several classes throughout • Imports text from any ASCII file
the entire image or for all pixels • Provides easy adjustment of paragraph
under a bitmap mask position, rotation, text, and style
• Class Aggregation • Provides streamlined workflow and the
• Lets you edit class colors ability to add labels to thematic rasters
• Group classes into aggregates for • Allows easy access of a single
entire image or under a mask cartographic symbol, rather than many
• Generates pseudo-color tables
• Class Labeling
• Lets you edit the class name, value, Map Printing
color, and description You can print maps using Windows-native
• Sorts the class information list in printer drivers to send a map directly to
ascending order by value, name, your configured printer. You can also:
color, or description • Separate colors for commercial
printing using CMYK
MAP PRODUCTION • Print to the following file formats:
• Adobe Illustrator (AI, EPS)
Map Production in Focus • PCIDSK
• Lets you create cartographic maps in • TIFF
the same environment as the image • HP RTL
and vector processing • BITMAP
• Lets you build a map structure with • JPEG
many “Areas” that show multiple • JPEG 2000
themes or geographic regions • EMF

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 18 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

ALGORITHM LIBRARIAN • MAT – Matrix Analysis

• OLO – Overlay Logical Operation
• POG – Polygon Information Report
• POL – Polynomial Test Image
The Algorithm Librarian provides easy
Generation
access to many robust algorithm modules
• PRX – Proximity Analysis
for geospatial data processing and
• PSGIMAG – Image Perspective Scene
analysis.
Generation
The Algorithm Librarian lists modules by • PSGMESH – Mesh Perspective Scene
category and subcategory. You can also Generation
define categories and subcategories. The • RGB – IHS to RGB Conversion
Find search tool performs intelligent • STE – Stereo Image Pair from
keyword searches for individual tasks. Elevation Data
• VDEMINT – Grid DEM from Vector
ALGORITHM MODULES AVAILABLE IN Layers
GEOMATICA CORE • VSAMPLE – Sample Image Along
Vectors
The following algorithms are available with
Geomatica Core. Other algorithms are
Classification
available in the Algorithm Librarian
through various Geomatica add-on • CHNSEL – Channel Selection
modules. • CSE – Class Signature Editor
• CSG – Signature Generator
Analysis • CSR – Class Signature Reporter
• FUZCLUS – Fuzzy K-Means Clustering
• ANG – Angle of Incidence from
• HOM – Homogeneous Classification
Elevation
• ISOCLUS – Unsupervised Clustering
• ARE – Elevation Data Area under
via ISODATA method
Bitmap
• KCLUS – K-Means Clustering
• BBT – Bitmap to Bitplane Transfer
• KNN – K-Nearest Neighbor Supervised
• BLO – Bitmap Logical Operations
Classifier
• CAR – Constraint Analysis Report
• MLC – Maximum Likelihood Classifier
• CONTOUR – Contour Generation from
• MLR – Maximum Likelihood Report
Raster Image
• MINDIS – Minimum Distance Classifier
• CROSSMOD – Image Cross Correlation
• NGCLUS – 8-bit Narendra-Goldberg
• DIEST – Estimation Procedure for
Clustering
Spatial Data Integration
• NGCLUS2 – Multi-bit Narendra-
• DIGRP – Groups Data Layers for
Goldberg Clustering
Spatial Data Integration
• PCE – Pseudo-color Encoding
• FCONT – Upward/Downward
• PCTMAKE – Make a Pseudo-color Table
Continuation Filter
• SIEVE – Sieve Filter (Class Merging)
• FFREQ – Frequency Domain Image
• SIGMERG – Class Signature Merging
Filter
• SIGSEP – Signature Separability
• FRD2P – Reduction to Pole Filter
• FTF – Frequency Transforms Forward
• FTI – Frequency Transforms Inverse
Data Interchange
• FVDIF – Vertical Differentiation Filter
• GCD – Global Change Detection • ARRREAD – Read an Array of Numbers
• IND – Index Analysis from a Text File
• IPG – Image Polygon Growing • ARRWRIT – Write an Array Layer to a
• LACD – Adaptive Change Detection Text File
• LINE – Lineament Extraction • BIT2POLY – Convert a Bitmap Layer to
a Polygon Layer

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 19 of 27

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should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

• CDASAR – Read ASAR Imagery from a • NUMREAD – Read Image Data from a
CD Format Text File
• CDASTER – Read ASTER Imagery from • NUMWRIT – Write Image Data to a
a CD Format Text File
• CDEROS – Read EROS Imagery from • ORBITRD – Read Orbit Segment from
an EROS Format CD a Text File
• CDFORMOSAT – Read FORMOSAT • ORBITWR – Write Orbit Segment to a
Imagery from a CD Format Text File
• CDIKONOS – Read IKONOS Imagery • PCTINT – Pseudo-color Table
from a CD Format Interpolation
• CDLAND7 – Read LANDSAT7 Imagery • PCTREAD – Read PCT from a Text File
from a CD Format • PCTWRIT – Write PCT to a Text File
• CDMERIS – Read MERIS Imagery from • PCXREAD – Read Image from a PCX
a CD Format File
• CDMODIS – Read MODIS Imagery • PCXWRIT – Write Image to a PCX File
from a CD Format • POLY2LINE – Convert a Polygon Layer
• CDOV – Read OrbView Imagery from a to a Line Layer
CD Format • PROSET – Set Georeference Layer
• CDQB – Read QuickBird Imagery from • PYRAMID – Build Image Overview
a CD Format Pyramides
• CDSAR – Read ERS/RADARSAT Data • RAS2LINE – Convert a Raster Layer to
from a CD Format a Line Layer
• CDSH – CD Source Header Listing • RGB2PCT – Compress Image with a
• CDSPOT5 – Read SPOT 5 Imagery PCT
from a CD Format • RAS2POLY – Convert a Raster Layer to
• CMPRSS8 – Compress a 24-bit Image a Polygon Layer
to 8-bit • RAS2THMR – Convert a Raster Layer
• DEMWRIT – Write DEM to a Text File to a Thematic Raster
• DCWREAD – Read the Digital Chart of • REPROJ - Reprojection
the World • RTV – Raster to Vector Conversion
• DLGREAD – Read DLG from a Text File • SCIWRIT – PCIDSK to SCITEX
• DLGWRIT – Write DLG to a Text File HandShake Disk File Transfer
• IMAGELN – Live Link to BSQ/BIL/BIP • SVFRD – SVF to PCIDSK Image
Image File Transfer
• IMAGERD – Non PCIDSK to PCIDSK • SVFWR – PCIDSK to SVF Image
Image Transfer Transfer
• IMAGEWR – PCIDSK to Non PCIDSK • TEXREAD – Read Text from a Text File
Image Transfer • TEXREP – Text Report
• IPPI – Image to BSQ Intermediate • TEXWRIT – Write Text Segment to a
Format Text File
• LINE2POLY – Convert a Line Layer to a • TLINE2LINE – Convert a Topological
Polygon Layer Line Layer to a Line Layer
• LINE2TLINE – Convert a Line Layer to • TPOLY2POLY – Convert a Topological
a Topological Line Layer Polygon Layer to a Whole Polygon
• LUTREAD – Read LUT from a Text File Layer
• LUTREP – Lookup Table Segment • VREAD – Read Vector Data from a
Report Text File
• LUTWRIT – Write LUT to a Text File • VWRITE – Write Vector Data to a Text
• File
• METAIN – Import Image Metadata
• METAOUT – Export Image Metadata

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 20 of 27

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should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

Image Correction • FPR – Programmable Filter

• AUTOREG – ImageLock Data Fusion • FPRE – Prewitt Edge Filter
Registration • FSHARP – Sharpening Filter
• CRPROJ – Create an OrthoEngine • FSOBEL – Sobel Edge Filter
Project • FUN – Image Enhancement via
• GCPELEV – GCP Elevations from a DEM Functions
• GCPPRO – GCP Transformed by • HIS – Histogramming Database Image
Projection • HISDUMP – Image Histogram Export
• GCPREAD – Read GCP Points in a GCP • IMERGE – Merge Image Layers
Layer • LRP – Image Line Replacement
• GRATIC – Generate a LONG/LAT • LUT – Image Enhancement via Lookup
Graticule Table
• MATCH – Histogram Matching LUT • MAP – Database Bitmap to Channel
• MERGPROJ – Merge OrthoEngine Encoding
Projects • MIRROR – Mirror Image Channels
• OEMODEL – Export Math Model using a • MODEL – Modeling Program
Project File • MTE – Martin-Taylor Enhancement
• ORTHO – Generate Orthorectified • PCA – Principal Components Analysis
Image • REC – Create a Repcode-LUT Layer
• PROCONV – Projection Conversion • ROT – Database Channel and GCP
Report Rotation
• REG – Image Registration • ROTBIT – Bitmap Rotation
• SUBPROJ – Extract Sub-Project • RTR – Ratioing Transformation
• TPEXPORT – Export TP from OE Project • STR – Image Contrast Stretch
File to a Text File • THR – Thresholding Image to Bitmap
• TPIMPORT – Import Tie Points Record • TILE – Tiles Input to Create Multiple
from a Text File Subset Files
• VECREG – Vector Registration • SCALE – Image Gray Level Scaling and
(Warping) Quantization
• MOSAIC – Image Mosaicking
Utilities
Image Processing • CIB – Clear Image Bitplanes
• ADAPT – Adaptive PCT Maker • GNG – Gaussian Noise Generation
• ARI – Image Channel Arithmetic • GRDINT – Vector Grid Interpolation
• CLIP – Clip layers from a dataset • GRDVEC – Vector Encoding
based on a user-defined clip region • IHR – Read Database Image Header
• DECORR – De-correlation Stretch • NUM – Database Image Numeric
• DEMZREF – Convert DEM elevation Window
reference (Mean Sea Level <-> • PCTREP – Pseudo-color Table Segment
Ellipsoid) Report
• DN2REF – Digital Number to • PROREP – Georeferencing Layer
Reflectance (LANDSAT7) Report
• DSTRIPE – Image Destriping • RANDBIT – Generate Random Bitmap
• ERRDIFF – Compress Image with Error Sample
Diffusion • RCSTATS – Generate Row/Column
• FAV – Averaging (Mean) Filter Statistics
• FED – Edge Detection Filter • SETELEV – Set Elevation for Vector
• FGA – Gaussian Filter Layer
• FLTRNOI – Filter Noisy Bands • TIG – Test Image Generation
• FME – Median Filter • VECMERG – Merge Database Vector
• FMO – Mode Filter Segments

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 21 of 27

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should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

• VECREP – Vector Report

• VECSEL – Vector Selection
• VECZREF – Convert Vector Elevation
Reference (Mean Sea Level <->
Ellipsoid)
• ZVALTRNS – Transfer a Z-Value To or
From a Shape via an Attribute

ONLINE HELP

• Easy-to-use HTML system

• Includes screen captures and
automatic links
• Accessed from the Focus Help menu or
from most algorithm and dialog boxes
(for context-sensitive Help)
• The Help menu also includes:
• Information about Geomatica Focus
• A check for updates
• Web access to PCI Geomatics, which
includes: free stuff, product
information, online support, the best
of the Web, and PCI Geomatics
partners

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 22 of 27

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should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.

ORTHOENGINE
POLYNOMIAL AND THIN PLATE
SPLINE MATH MODELS
The Polynomial and Thin Plate Spline math
models are used to perform geometric
correction on your data. The Polynomial
Math Model is a simple math model that
uses a first-through-fifth-order polynomial
transformation, which is calculated on
two-dimensional ground control points
and mathematically produces the best fit
set of two-dimensional GCPs on an image.
The Thin Plate Spline Math Model is a
simple math model in which all collected
ground control points are used
simultaneously to compute a
transformation. The warping is distributed
throughout the image with minimum
curvature between the GCPs becoming
almost linear away from the GCPs.
IMPORTING IMAGES
You can import GDB-supported satellite
images from a CD or digital distribution
format (See the GDB technical
specification sheet for more details about
supported formats)
GROUND CONTROL
OrthoEngine satellite models support GCP
and tie-point ground controls.
GCP Collection
Select one of the following ground-control
sources:
• Manual entry
• A geocoded image
• Geocoded vectors
• A chip database
• A digitizing tablet
• An imported text file
Other GCP features include:
• Easy access from multiple sources
• Reference Image Table displays all
images with specified ground
coordinates
• Stereo-GCP collection
• Converts GCPs to check points to
exclude from model calculation
• Displays individual and overall RMS
error for GCPs
Tie-Point Collection
• Extends ground control over areas
without GCPs
• Identifies how images in a project
relate to each other
• Ensures the best fit for all images in a
project
• Lets you enter elevations for each tie
point manually or extract them from a
DEM
• Allows you to import and export tie
points using several different formats
• Shows individual and overall RMS
errors
Residual Report
Using residual reports, you can:
• Display GCPs, check points, tie points,
and stereo-GCP error information in
one report
• Represent residuals with graphical
vector representations for visual
analysis
• Adjust vector colors and
representation
• Edit points in a residual report and
update bundle adjustments
• Display residuals in ground or image
coordinates
• Print the report to a file
Overall Layout
OrthoEngine includes quality control tools
that display image footprints, GCP
distribution, and tie points for your
project.
GEOMETRIC CORRECTION
Geometric Correction:
• Lets you perform batch processes
• Increases working cache for
processing
• Increases sampling interval for faster
processing
• Offers the following resampling
methods:
• Nearest Neighbor
• Bilinear Interpolation
• Cubic Convolution
Technical Specifications

• 8-pt SinX/X
• 16-pt Sin X/X
• Average filter
• Median filter
• Gaussian filter
• User-defined filter
• Clips the image size upon geometric
correction
• Lets you set a starting time for
processing

MOSAICKING
Mosaicking lets you detect and remove
image brightness variations and
radiometric color balancing between
images to minimize the visibility of seams
in the mosaic.

Manual Mosaicking
With manual mosaicking, you can:
• Define a mosaic area
• Collect cutlines manually by:
• Importing and exporting cutlines
• Blending seams using Blend Width
• Perform manual color balancing:
• Based on samples identified in the
overlap between images
• Using samples (match areas) of any
shape and size to compute look-up
tables (LUTs), which adjust new
images to match an existing mosaic
• By adjusting the dark end or light
end
• By importing and exporting LUTs for
color balancing
• Mosaic unreferenced images when
seamless imagery is required and no
ground control is available

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 24 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.

FLY!
FLY! VISUALIZATION
FLY! is a powerful terrain visualization tool
that drapes imagery and vectors over DEM
data to create 3-D perspective scenes in
near real-time. An intuitive point-and-click
user interface lets you control flight
speed, direction, elevation, and
perspective parameters interactively
during flight. With FLY!, you can quickly
and easily view imagery in 3-D from any
position or perspective. FLY! also allows
rendering in anaglyph 3-D mode and
includes fogging effects.
LOADING DATA
• Full-color visualization: three color
channels are required (one red, one
green, and one blue)
• Gray-level visualization: one channel is
required
• 8-bit pseudo–color:
• One channel is required
• Uses imagery such as 8 bit TIFF,
BMP,and SPANS files
• Shaded gray-level or full-color
visualization: specifies the direction
and inclination of the light source
• True vector overlay: all GeoGateway
vector formats are supported
VISUALIZATION CONTROLS
• Change Position/Speed/Direction: lets
you modify the viewing position as
well as the speed and movement
direction with provided values
• Change Render Size: lets you specify
the size of the rendering window with
provided values or by interactively
resizing the display
• Change Perspective:
• Modify the perspective parameters of
the rendered image with provided
values
• Exaggerate terrain with Height
Magnification
• Vary horizon position, in degrees,
with Horizon Tilt
• Control the size of foreground pixels
with Pixel Zoom
• Control the view cone used in the
rendered image with Field of View
• Change 3-D:
• Modify the parameters that control
3-D viewing with provided values
• Specify the focusing point, in pixels,
with Focal Length
• Specify the distance between the left
and right images with Base Line
• Control Panel: lets you set and report
parameters related to the view
position, direction, elevation, and
speed
• Coordinates: lets you choose a
position reporting system:
• In pixels and lines in the loaded
terrain with Display
• In geocoded units as eastings and
northings with Geocoded
• In geographic units as longitude and
latitude with Geographic
• Units: lets you choose a reporting unit
for distance and speed in metric or
imperial values
• Speed Options:
• Lets you determine the range of
speed values (minimum value is
always 0) with Speed Maximum
• Lets you determine the type of scale
used to translate the range value to
an actual speed with Scaling
• Elevation Options:
• Determine the range of elevation
values with Elevation Minimum and
Elevation Maximum
• Determine the type of scale used to
translate the range value to an
actual elevation with Scaling
• Choose how the flight moves over
the surface of the terrain with one of
the following Mode options:
• No Collision – rendering height is
never allowed to occur below the
land elevation
• Relative – the view elevation is the
land elevation plus the value of the
elevation scale
• Absolute – the elevation scale
value is used directly as the
rendering height
Technical Specifications

NADIR VIEW Rendering Quality

• Shows the overhead (nadir) view of You can specify the quality of the
the terrain rendered images from the following
• Shows the current position in the nadir options.
view as a black and white marker; the • Blocky – each pixel appears as a box
extension on the marker indicates the with pronounced steps between pixels
current move direction • Fitted – the edges of the pixels are
• Zooms imagery in the nadir view interpolated so they fit without any
• Controls position and direction of flight step effects
by using the mouse: • Smooth – the edges of the pixels are
• Clicking in the nadir view places the interpolated so they fit without any
viewer at that location on the terrain step effects and the colors of the
• Right-clicking changes the pixels are blended smoothly
movement and viewing directions to
point to that location FLIGHT PATH CREATION
• Center-clicking changes the view • Lets you create a flight path from
direction only several specified nodes
• Lets you toggle between views of the • Stores the position, direction, speed
nadir terrain imagery or elevation parameters, and perspective
• Shows and edits flight path parameters for each node in a flight
path
RENDERING • Lets you edit flight path nodes: the
path is composed of a series of Bezier
Rendering Window Splines made to fit through the nodes
You can use the mouse to turn, pause or • Lets you view the total length of the
run, and change elevation quickly and current flight path; the flight playback
naturally. includes forward, reverse, and
• Left Button changes the direction of continuous playback, which flies the
viewing (new direction faces the path repeatedly
position clicked on in the rendered • Lets you create a movie loop by
image writing out the flight path as a series
• Middle Button toggles between pause of individual image frames (TIFF,
(stop) and run (go) TARGA, BMP, PPM, and JPEG formats).
• Right Button changes the elevation The UNIX version of FLY! generates
proportional to the position of the movie loops in the Parallaz JPEG
mouse cursor in the vertical direction format (a parallax video card is
required).
Fogging mode
The Fogging mode lets you simulate a SAVING DATA
fogging effect in rendered scenes. You can save terrain renderings to an
image file on disk in a variety of
Render Mode supported formats. When saved to disk,
FLY! offers the following rendering modes: rendered scenes can be imported or
• Normal 2-D perspective color mode printed by other software packages.
• Anaglyph 3-D mode to render in true
3-D using anaglyph glasses
• SGI workstation rendering allows for
full color true 3-D flight with with
liquid crystal stereoglasses

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 26 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.
Technical Specifications

For more information

PCI Geomatics
50 West Wilmot Street
Richmond Hill, ON Canada

Phone: 1-905-764-0614
Fax: 1-905-764-9604
E-mail: info@pcigeomatics.com
Web: www.pcigeomatics.com

Last Updated: 2/14/2007 27 of 27

PCI Geomatics and Geomatica are registered trademarks of PCI Geomatics. The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
should not be construed as a commitment by PCI Geomatics. PCI Geomatics assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.