The grammar also allows the association of a label to each region of the layout thus producing a labeled

segmentation. Lemaitre et al. improved it in 2008 [LCC08b] by adding a multiresolution approach which
made it flexible enough to segment handwritten letters (provided that their layout still obeyed certain
rules) and to identify text lines in administrative documents in French and Bangla. Carton et al. [CLC15]
continued this work with an interactive training step capable of creating automatically an exhaustive set
of models for a large dataset

Exploiting a multi-resolution representation and a frequency-based framework is an old and well-known

approach in image analysis and segmentation (e.g., [Sabharwal and Subramanya 2001]), which has been
applied to a plethora of applications; generally speaking, it is used to treat in an adaptive way different
kinds of input data, e.g., in terms of resolution and size of image details. In the specific field of document
layout analysis these methods are typically used to segment document images scanned from
newspapers and journals [Qiao et al. 2006;Lemaitre et al. 2008]. Recently, Almeida et al. [Almeida and
Almeida 2012] used wavelets to reduce ink show-through noise in scanned letters or images. ..