Have you ever wanted to say hello in Chinese to your friends? By the end of this, lesson, you will be able to greet others and express your needs, S$§=i® Lesson 2 Ni mang ma Ys th A Lod C tessa) Gennes» bee re LO Yliping, ni hao ma? = mt, th FO? : W6 hén hao. Ni baba, mama héo ma? ® HAR. Hh 9? Tamen déu hén hado.® Ni mang maz re a a a a Lu Yuping: Wo bu mang. Ni nan péngyou ne? dF: RR & B MA Re Lin Na: Ta hén mang. HO: A te 4K2b ja] Now Words 1. mang A te busy *2.ma Pt Dy (a particle used for questions expecting a yes-no answer)! 3. baba oN bE dad 4.mama oN yh mom 5. tarnen Pr 4e4i] they; them ta Pr te hes him men Suf 4 (used after pronouns #, 4%, fl or certain nouns to denote plural) 6. dou Adv both; all 7. bu Adv not; no 8, nan A male 9. péngyou N friend #10. ne MaPt (a modal particle used for elliptical questions) CU) ‘Asking, {what someone wants)? Ding Lib6: Gége, ni yao kaféi ma? ® T Aik T, te Se yo Gege: Wo yao katei HK Inete Wo yé yao kaféi, ® KWL Kvn Hao, women dou hé kaféi. © 45, AN A Boh (1) Words marked by an asterisk have appeared in previous lessons. ~15-x ® Q ae rere AE jaa] New Words gége oN yea v kafei N didi N women Pr he o Ding PN Ee elder brother to want coffee younger brother wes us to drink (a surname) Ni baba, mama hao maz “How are your mom and dad? ” ni baba —— your dad, ni mama — your mom, — your boyfriend, ni nan péngyou Tamen dou hén hao. “They are both fine (literally, very good).” @ Ni yao kafei ma? “Do you want coffee? ” “ARAB? "CNT yoo ma?) is a sentence pattem commonly used when asking what others want, whereas “#{H--"(“W6 ydo --”) is used to express what “I want”. @ Wo yé yao kafai “I want coffee, too.” ® Women dou hé katei “We all drink coffee.” #4 Finals: ei . BEE Spelling dé dou té tou gé gou ke kou Pronunciation Dril Gg. keer: ou an ang eng igo iou(-iu) dang tang gang kangbei ban beng ido péi pan peng pido f6i fan féng dia hai han héng nia 2. JU} The four tones ta ta ta mén mén men tamen wo ie} wo women nv nf ni ni nimen nan nan nan nan péng péng péng peng you you you you nan péngyou bu bu bu ba mang = méng bu mang gé gé gé ge gege di di di di didi ho he ho ka ka fei féi f6i fei hé kati 3. $F Sound discrimination da — ta ké —— gé k6u —— godu (big) (may) mouth) (dog) dou —— duo gen —— géng ding —— ting (all) (many) (to follow) (nail) (to listen) 4. BE Tone discrimination dao —— dao tw —— tu you —— ydu enife) (soil) (again) (to have) ni — nih tia — lit kan —— kan (Buddhist oun) (six) (to see) Se5. 488 Neutral tone baba mama gége didi nimen women tamen hao ma? NI ne? NI nan péngyou ne? 6. SF WHEE Practice on disyllabic words yinli4o (drinks) yéye (grandpa) kél€ (coke) méimei (younger sister) hanbGo (hamburger) fayin (pronunciation) pinggud (apple) heibGn (blackboard) 7. BABE FAIRE Read the following classroom expressions aloud Ting w6 fayin. (Listen to my pronunciation.) Kan héiban. (Look at the blackboard.) ion Practice Tamen dou hén hao . Ni mang ma? . Wd bu mang. 4. NI yao kaféi ma? . WO yao kaféi. . Women déu hé ki (—) [iS A Greetings) SEM FIZIF Complete the following dialogues (1) A: Da Lin, ni mang maz B: . NI ne? A; (2) A: Ni baba mama héo ma? B; . Ni g&ge ne? A: ~18-(3) A: Ni didi hao ma? B: » Ni ne? Ar (=) [i143 Asking what someone wants) 1. SEA FIZ Complete the following dialogues (1) A; Nin yao kaféi ma? B; Wo ydo kaféi. A; NI ne? Cc; (2) A; Ni yao sma? B: A; Ni ne? C: 2. HPAI Make a dialogue based on the picture (1) A: ? QA: ¢ - (=) Wi Listen and repeat MEERA ARG? HEAT AR RAF 6 -19-Fas ae 1. $2} Neutral tone In the common speech of modem Chinese, there are a number of syllables which are unstressed and are pronounced in a “weak” tone. ‘This is known as the neutral tone and is indicated by the absence of a tone mark. For example; 3 ma ne 4) men 2. RHF Pronunciation key Initials; is pronounced similarly to its counterpart in the English language like “t” in “stay” (unaspirated) {like “t” in “tag” (aspirated) Ga soft unaspirated “k” sound k like “k” in “kangaroo” (aspirated) Note: Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of the aspirated and unaspirated consonants; d-t, g-k. Finals; ci like “ay” (light) ou like “ in “play in “sy” an like “an” in “ean” (without stressing the “n”) 3. 9ESWEIM Spelling rules The compound final “iou” is written as “-iu" when it comes after an initial and the tone mark is placed on “u". For example: lit! (six). eA Grammar 1. JBASVANGAAT Sentences with an adjectival predicate Subject Predicate Gs | #. Ni | hao. ‘ts | _ Ta hén mang. K AR ike Wo bu mang. 4h] # i Tamen dou =hén hao. ~20-Adjectives in Chinese can function directly as predicates. This kind of sentence is called a sentence with an adjectival predicate, Adjectives in this kind of sentence can be modified by adverbs such as “AR”, “ti”, and “ZB”. The negative form of sentences with an adjectival predicate is generated by placing the negative adverb “78” before the adjective that functions as the predicate. For example; “R7tt-". Note: Adverbs such as “4”, “ti”, and “8” must be placed before the adjective they modify. 2. FA“NG” HYEAEIAI A] “Yes-no” question with “I” A declarative sentence can be changed into a “yes-no” question by adding the question particle “4” at the end of it. Statement - Question - WHE 0 PSE? Ni hao. ——> _ Ni hao mar {hE E HG 03 ADK AEE HH ABE? Ta baba mama dou hte. ——~—=T@ baba mama déu hao ma? tte _ tte? Ta méng Ta mang ma? Hs SEE As EM ES 2 Ni yao kata Ni yao kaféi ma? ea Oimteemelen 1, AGBAMF Leam and write basic Chinese characters wT ~T ding nail 2 strokes @ A qT dao knife 2. strokes Note; “7” is written as “J” on the right side of a character. ay & IX 2 strokes lly pictograph of “the right hand” a “HFK da big 3 strokes > Hro) 2 ,.re kou mouth 3 strokes: Vy od ~4+k tt earth 3 strokes: Note: “” is written as “J ” on the left side of a character. OW SPR lik six 4 strokes (3) ABR “THR bU no, not 4 strokes 9) Je ae f ni Buddhist nun 5 strokes 0) Se ea ké can, may 5 strokes. 2. WSC HWF Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts a) ma (3%) ws oS (“@” denotes the meaning of speaking, “%” denotes the pronunciation) (2) % ne worw+ hk ("1 denotes the mesning of speaking, “J” denotes the pronunciation) (3) #44 mama (454%) wok + & (“A denotes the meaning of woman, “2” denotes the pronunciation) (4) FF gége Po Tey -2-SULALIR Culture Chinese Characters and Simplified Seript ye ‘The Chinese script is the only logographic writing system still in daily use in the world today. Unlike the alphabetic systems used by most languages, Chinese script is made up of characters, the majority of which are “pictophonetic”. Most consist of one component indicat- ing the sound of the character, the phonetic, combined with one semantic component, the signific or radical, which shows the category of meaning to which the character belongs. Chinese characters represent monosyllables, and generally each character represents a single morpheme. ‘The total number of Chinese characters is estimated at over fifty thousand, of which only five to eight thousand are frequently used, while three thousand are notmelly adequate for everyday situations. A considerable number of Chinese characters are composed of numerous strokes and are therefore complicated to write, With a view to facilitating writing, moder scholars have made continuous attempts to simplify the writing system. ‘The object of these Ianguage reforms has been twofold; to reduce the number of characters by eliminating complex variants, and to re- duce the number of strokes in certain characters. What are known as “simplified characters” refer to graphs that have been thus altered; traditional characters, on the other hand, are those that retain their earlier forms. ‘The use of simplified characters is now official policy in the People’s Republic of China, while tr plified characters have the advantages of being easier to learn, memorize, read and write. Here are two examples: jonal characters are restricted mainly to academic use or aesthetic purposes. Sim- 4 mother (simplified) 4i mother (traditional) 1] door (simplified) FP] door (traditional) Simplified characters are used in this textbook, but traditional characters are also supplied for the convenience of the reader. -B-