kinel

Is a branch of the physical sciences that is concerned with the state of the rest of motion of bodies that are subjected to the
action of forces.
Statics – deals with the equilibrium
3 branches of mechanics of bodies, that is those that are either
• Rigid-body mechanics at rest or move with constant velocity
• Deformable-body mechanics
• Fluid mechanics.
dynamics – concerned with the
accelerated motion of bodies

a vector quantity, because its effect depends on the direction as well as on the magnitude of the action. Thus, forces may be
combined according to the parallelogram law of vector addition.
Coplanar force system
- have all the forces acting in in one plane. They may be concurrent, parallel, non-concurrent or non-parallel
concurrent coplanar force system is a system of
two or more forces whose lines of action ALL
intersect at a common point.

parallel coplanar force system consists of two or

more forces whose lines of action are ALL parallel.

non-concurrent and non-parallel system.

This consists of a number of vectors that do not
meet at a single point and none of them are parallel.
These systems are essentially a jumble of forces and
take considerable care to resolve

Rectangular component
- The most common two-dimensional resolution of a force vector is into rectangular components. It follows from the
parallelogram rule that the vector F.
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 𝑭 = 𝑭𝒙 + 𝑭𝒚

where Fx and Fy are vector components of F in the x- and y-

directions. Each of the two vector components may be written
as a scalar times the appropriate unit vector.

Figure 1

The scalar components can be positive or negative, depending on the quadrant into which F points. For the force
vector of Fig. 1, the x and y scalar components are both positive and are related to the magnitude and direction of F
by
𝑭𝒙 = 𝑭 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
𝑭𝒚 = 𝑭 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

𝑭 = √𝑭𝒙 𝟐 + 𝑭𝒚 𝟐

𝑭
𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( 𝒚 )
𝑭𝒙

Rectangular components are convenient for finding the sum or resultant R of two forces which are concurrent.
Consider two forces F1 and F2 which are originally concurrent at a point O.

Figure 2

Figure 2 shows the line of action of F2 shifted from O to the tip of F1 according to the triangle rule. In adding the
force vectors F1 and F2, we may write

or

from which we conclude that

The term ΣFx means “the algebraic sum of the x scalar components”.

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Sample Problem 1
Determine the magnitude of the resultant of the following concurrent forces: F1 = 90N @ 45°, F2 =50N @ 100°,
and F3 = 70N @ 320°.

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Sample Problem 2
The forces F1, F2, and F3, all of which act on point A of the bracket, are specified in three different ways.
Determine the x and y scalar components of each of the three forces.

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Sample Problem 3
The screw eye is subjected to two forces F1 and F2, Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force.

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 is a measure of its tendency to cause a body to rotate about a specific point or axis. This is different from the
tendency for a body to move, or translate, in the direction of the force. In order for a moment to develop, the force
must act upon the body in such a manner that the body would begin to twist.
The moment arm or lever arm is the perpendicular distance between the line of action of the force and the
center of moments.

Varignon’s theorem
states that the moment of any force is equal to the algebraic sum
of the moments of the components of that force vector F.

Sample Problem 4
Calculate the magnitude of the moment about the base point O of the 600-N force in five different ways.

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Sample Problem 5
Assuming counterclockwise moments as positive, compute the moment of force F = 500 N and force P = 250 N
about points A, B, C, and D.

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Statics deals primarily with the description of the force conditions necessary and sufficient to maintain the
equilibrium of engineering structures. The body is said to be in equilibrium if the resultant of all forces acting on it is
zero.
Formulas:
Concurrent force system
ΣFx=0 (The sum of all forces in the x-direction or horizontal is zero.)
ΣFy=0 (The sum of all forces in the y-direction or vertical is zero.)

Parallel Force System

ΣF=0 (The sum of all the forces is zero.)
ΣMO=0 (The sum of moment at any point O is zero.)

Non-Concurrent Non-Parallel Force System

ΣFx=0 (The sum of all forces in the x-direction or horizontal is zero.)
ΣFy=0 (The sum of all forces in the y-direction or vertical is zero.)
ΣMO=0 (The sum of moment at any point O is zero.)

The types of supports can be mainly classified into two types

• External supports
Roller Support - free to rotate and translate along the surface upon which the roller rests. The
resulting reaction force is always a single force that is perpendicular to, and away from, the surface.

pinned support - can resist both vertical and horizontal forces but not a moment. They will allow the structural
member to rotate, but not to translate in any direction.

FIXED SUPPORT - can resist vertical and horizontal forces as well as a moment. Since they restrain both
rotation and translation, they are also known as rigid supports.

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Sample Problem 6
The crate has a weight of650 lb.. Determine the force in each supporting cable.

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Sample Problem 7
Figure P-313 represents the concurrent force system acting at a joint of a bridge truss. Determine the value of P
and E to maintain equilibrium of the forces.

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The resultant of a distributed load is equal to the area of the load diagram. It is acting at the centroid of that area as
indicated. The figure below shows the three common distributed loads namely; rectangular load, triangular load, and
trapezoidal load.

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Sample Problem 8
Determine the reactions for the beam shown

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