SEVEN TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS ‘7A INTEGRATION BY PARTS INTEGRATION FORMULAS You sould memorize the following ntagration formals 1 [uence 2 [a du—aus where ois any consaat 3 [tesereonanes frereens foes 4 [ranttec net 8 [Gomme [ovdeaphhscotena>tanted 1240 where > 0 venaTAINTEGRATION BY PARTS 469 coh eC a foahe a feotade=siahate 2 [oct vauetun use M4 Joa? wtna-on vee sah ee [oasoninase 28, foebeotindea eh wx a lyferate ut Vs) 40 foro an, [ost gncat Poe ables VPA) settesan0 = [i -[ho aHanllourdre iieise Interntion by at Teer nea orf nai nd eine ae Jadow. [ow at [neon [oe To wr the foe me ith ctr he gic eg tm cha gta a lngete he fcr ee igns d-aad pat Se er Star—rtih econ shad we searchom eee weak tay tat fo dust tng, We olsen oe mot by fata dee rg cy Saeed © x covet ine nsw caste iaapatog Suen 3 anu Sy spn ren cE wap tpete Paweud: meer Some aon ernest ‘cote th somal iso few Ma He Siggaed se poe of Gh entation o epitome pow f= ‘eine Bacar ad (a bree geomet tartar yatine fco, lt te oweral's ribo edo ae 9S Sean oe har eign ly pe oe a a a tartan su, the lone area we dvd aap 8 eek itu ta and a Xd eee 4 an 5. [rete =eret—nertetee ® [errs we = Eyer ms neon mad 0 [eves wen = He cos msi +0 o SARS aE gpa Oe your ae Wy BT 1 tae and dom de Then dw de and e Orn} forse 2. l= rand dos. Then = deed = Jan 2 faceted nJese te {finze den Jose teedeatere soatadde Haeo lena yaar ea oc por T aR taco [perdearoca-HocetansisC47) TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPERINTEGRAIS 4 [ste 1» We use intgration by part with use dusetde desde v= fostes Bh ads | or ae= Bl -dy Byre MERE saan we [on 1. [St ePare [en oete foo? sued ede 1 Were integration by pate with see We ew Then, eps one fet tae to sian Hndz =Je%ar“!s 4 = Alleativdy, ls 87-4} Thea vd cP ayers} fa UO, Let v= je? +1), dv de, Then d= PF ts and w= = nce? +1ye0= sini fe fen “alo aheoemeen WL Let eae andde = 28 Thom du (a8 ede and» assets he | ae tnee = + Jeter sted e "AES som E40. Nan ina [oR ae on te stan de Deastene tegrated ony f= in te te = JP conte aff wow te de For the iatgea on the rght sie f (1), me fetTU INTEGRATION BY PARTS 471 Ths, | xovsede=}esinae—}f Substituting hrm (2) nto (1), we obela -|Pentes enn te tf conte +e sate + Jom sere o Pin tet = tin 2d Then [sine ene = ft Now lt went, dv = dt. Ten du= et and ra feme— fod) sn 22 Penn 1 ins (-eeone [ee do) (ia 2 4:c08 2)+ 26:1 = Jen e008) +0 [ees 1 Tosimpliynenpsntial we a and d=30d. [eetens forreteane fea a 2 waves inree sae Th fetetae= pe foe ® or the iavgralon the ight seo (1), we et sei wave wee The at drnat=[edrnree40 « Sobran fen (2) nt (0), we inn [edenpresese-0= ip -eriyse shop C=C. inl, uttiatg = 2, we get faeteeade-sane*sc asleep Te Viz sod fo = fll The de 2dr nds = Vi | bps faevin tee VE f-2e 1 atu,442) TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRAIS 18, Let y= ef and dv in 2x Then du=—e"Fie and » tee Ye Psnde +4 a Ded) = tone ain 0p 1 = Hea eo 2p 2) +6 sah da. Then du Be dad veoh tet [ein eae eet ees a [she d= Foe Peshe seat 240 |e > Intezaton by pst is ot reeds We titans weebias eee (ereds) = (OME. [genic ait [geet [EER [EIRP = feet eree ter nats =p u-9)400V 70 AViTFase 4c bu Ps enone t= Yh stg le Mant = [2A se aferiece Tan du=—e dead & ean Now let = cot™t andl du = dt. Then du. Tpisdtandy=e aeeacits {2d teas 42) +6 By cor YEsttt Ha) AC W Let w= con"? 2e and dv = de. Then dua —— dns and ort tedeezen* tee [fig a teortte Wine Bint sueitates = 8 de =2¢cde Taw t = [eon de = [2teon de Now et taatsine— faain eae dint 2 cont 20 BYE sin/F + 2eonfE+O 2 fan! yaa > Hint leas = 8, Then= (owt yaee= [reusctse est, weintegate by pstson the righ side of E(1)- Let dated ant! and d= 2 de Thus, ‘Note that we are foe to chsoe te most convenient antdeivative, Ths, Peart Jace @aenins= [2 aetna e= [a (2 bya 20 = let an ye- ye‘A INTEGRATION BY PARTS 473 i, a In Exsncines 25-82, find the axel value ofthe dnt integral. Check by 25, Ts compute [?a, lt wm Band do = Pde, Than de = de nd © [etree = $25) see esa =e and dv 0d Then du =de nd 7 = Jose = Sats ats | 2) ES -Eapeapte ce [Perce Ba ET «(BS i)-ae- n+) and d= de, Tendo fy and ve te Peete ntesnmtes f= [ des entde Tm vento ting af, 28hee-anaunir 1 Toeompte [sn Seew de in Secon ede =sin S2sin te ee cel cos Beda 2 de asf se secs [inaecourde=—Jonaean2—feose cores (4 stoner mated i ein Bam 72.4) [ seseoesde=—fan sms onsen sy 2 (hain xn Powe oe) —(-f a0 ind Zeer en 0) —— a me [Pearse Dickie a oa ere Sentinel lat ons sete] + [2s as) —ffin ze =o S088 29, Let w= In, dom Pd, The dw 2d and © = 967 and wd = Beds PloPinceen pe nal [*o ae Holnan fo" Fie Bn cans cot sca di, Then fo = de and eee n [ihre cacs des roe ls [Mace den eV faites sen ot Ve — a /F 1)+ n/FT Ah “Donen diz te de Tor uae trad dented Tm v={74 "TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS ‘where te contaat in © mas choen toslmply eu. ‘Tes [Reset sarap l= [SME mond ft vI=mee on the Fight side repent the azen of a quaiercide of raius | ant wo has value Je. ‘ntiderrstive can be found using the eubaitation 2 = sin @) Thos i hy coy 4A [7 ew ay d= 50 +f nay = Jeo = be te Baie 39 and, oe equation () ts evalate he intel, Check by NIN aa [reas = 26 [setede he —20 + [eortde = 4 ast 4c [td = (2-82 62-8), [Peds (27-2 48-6) 0-34 8-Ge = RE + te 26.463 choles inte, Bente tf [Paenene-eP=02-8 C= se: ep ae em at pies by regain ese amr pee ae os HOGS ale icra el ple sin te wt dion es eee as ena wise See teh na oe Soe ‘ me ve ui? are [orm ese Up 5 row a= |? sy 8 ana al inten pv ssin’s dusde heise var = Peete ae[iveme deerme +1e'f = 522 —2)= 102-10 18 In es the was and 22 2, ae [heteaeit eos | esde Sows nega page t wohe1.1 INTEGRATION BY PARTS 475 , [wseiseie=| aepess @ We har tn 0 the ete gl an neo te er oe ete () and hen ito (2), we obtaie In e+ 222) (la? 1 21a 1 42)) gel Suing fom 8) waste? stein 2422} =r a 22 1 The volume the soli revelation i 2r(— 1) cube wi. [HT V cubic units jn the volume when the region of Ex. 38 is revalved about they axis. An element of volume is 8 clindrcal tell eonored om the yes of ean radios, and attade Io m ing teminmaete | atnnae Tat w= Ine and do do, Then do ed de and vn 2 ve2d} is} -}[* 2e)=24) ue] P i, seine wit et seg il zeae ee ede = [pente te nan semen ton whofe teen et basatestcin wararuat ies tacay eb tee ea “ied Tat Ge and de xe-*Vde, Thea du = de and seach 2] "ee ad reset afte tate) (4) ate? iF) er of ttn pnd yactag ees ong ney curve y=2ze"*/3, the x axis, and the line ee OIE, ie / en cleemmimenclionm ant tintene oss vgn a Soar eso a wilt Sage ae alge dent v aaa oS ‘Sm Sqtorteraed rec fy) eae esha unie ws elena the maa svete, tet Y= ,tp 3 dneoP ae [tee aente['eete (1) ‘We us itagration by pans. Let thes Jeeta: @ We integrate by pats agai with uae « a Thus, retane carts fire ere aes ® ‘Substituting fiom (3) into (2) and then into (1), we obtain Ven trlastet 420-2 ef = b(t 8 Barge) 1+ The volume ofthe slid of evoation s 8e(1— 13) cab ules 24) = (= 20) Ai 6e-4)443} TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRAIS AL IF M kg ie the mas of the ted, then M = [2a tod dn Pb Tend sect [Baer Mya} "oats —sinteyee = 44" et w= Eapd d= (on «si 2. Then = do and My= atin ston [Mine ten he FVE-[-ew ein FT HVEA1 aes a * |. The region in he fis quctant bounded by tbe une 9 =€082 the nes y= Land 2 = reveled lie 2 fr Find the wedome of the + Thetague Mos the sepce ads plar sein of ie sid of revolution. The ement of ae is rctangl srdih'S nla, and cement f wale lo lndiod el of hickaww A= At wat, ean nts, nad sae & = 1 com Tham tp rar dp, Steir mnlmoaeae fe = Lew 04. The comida (287,008 THO Te (0.267.050). cP emayt ems) ée Weve iegraon By pat wh ere wares Ths ym aef grate —at ef + [27 eine de} ~ ao etree] aed —9) The volume of he sald of evolution 2x? — 1) cubic uals {45 Choe the org at th top of te tak withthe pstive 2 axis downward. Let W fs be the mr dome fring il tie wae tthe top ofthe tank Ag sonent of ume mm drelar dk of raion ©" reload Let s= ds tey eee wu fo* ingen we [nets = woffa effectual — wef bert feoeh meat bete DH ster te egw tant: [eae= siecle Tests ae have O=6. 5 eee avi ede Let exe-sins tort is 40. With # <0 and f= 0 we1:1 INTEGRATION BY PARTS 477 45. A manutactwer has Gisevereé shat if 101 unis of a patticular comedy ace produged per otk, the ‘marginal cost is deermined by 22°/* and the macginal reve i Getemined by £2 "7, where bth the [poductba cat and the pvenue are in thousands of dallats I the weekly fixe costs smut te $200, find {he masinuen wee'y peo tha! can be obtained, > Lat C(e) thewnnd dollar be the ont of yrocing 0k ula of the comenadity, Becmae Ce) theseand dlls the marginal cot of producing Ur wits and C(0)thowand dlls isthe Fined cost, me are giver Ce) eso C00 Thus, = Be ea 8 ta He) trend oy Sete wrasse Dw ches) md sh pedal corgloprepctiat aii ghaeetetia Rie) = [8)2~*/? and R(O)=0 em aft te)= [oar de =" IEP(z) tossaad doles isthe wekly profit when 100¢ sais ate priced and mld per week, thes P(e) = Rls) ~ C2) Pile) = BY) Ce) = (a-#F antl By wal, we Sad P(2)=0. Furthermore, P(s)> 0 # 2.<2 ané Pile) <0 if 2>2. Thus the abwluie ‘maximum occare when 2 = 2. We ld he pofit when 22. Prom fq (2 we go BI qaapt? ar (2) (2) or [r ay? + Became 100P(2) = 625, ne conde thatthe mus weely profit is 6925 ‘Thos, Pea ieds ecinnirs or receaon eranonsrt 100 a Beri ne [om md EERE = fern Abo a fern na — Gee taste aan in ado = ae focm neg nso m) se tu ceria 52, we fora (4 (terete the defi inal 6 dite, Chek by NINT: s. [opetanse dam pg sin te — 300030) = Bye 04 9) OTH Pgh Seo [orotate fornala (6) with o = 8 and n= 4, we have cute de glen 4a) a= eH) + KO) 2790) +401 ange lta get ni.te80 sven [ete ede= [ined ana? +6. te Then fon dds nd v= E25 i: 8. (I wae —h ke [resie= etme a (Win ra webwve ['Pinede Eine He oateg ot a al = Oo ER [Fy ato nh fee = | (fra and gé -1, fa eyegE= [te 2984002) 2 betta eens) ia sive yf + fferae ntectnetl wtntuetie so(ter-§-Br4) a orig feinsyrae. raven 1a-mgoNOMETHIC METNGRALS tor [eae te, ini pith oi ge ad n= oe sin dx) = (sin%ey! "1? (ain 2 de) = (1-1 conte) 8(—d cos 2) (ooo de) cue nec dw iter mo 5 (va pve gs Gy nnhs cae dem seHe cnn 2 ds) = ins!" eon 2 (i sate os de = sas cal™la(con sda) = sin*a(osts) "(om = de) Mou may vo uve reduction frrula. See Eeries 67 and 68. [ante du= de satu (rah 79) atu de= or-tusin et Ven 2 de) sista (ew 2) oate(— ene 3) {1 sina" (asin 2) cosh coet-Fy dy (Formula 74) ao aim ene essa ann acaose®72 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS 479 ted) [odo [de a de vhs mw pve nine eta = tw ihe =I oho | went Oh (he fon ar be dy) fom are ds) [nae en sin asin b= fons) eos(s-+8)] cos cos b= Hean(a—') +cesa+8)), sino cond = Hsin{a—b) +sin(a+8)] ave 4:6) flants ds on) [sore de, where ms pntve integer Lip tante tant Fe ante de = tan" Aafeate thde (fi cote de a cote cole de cot Fa(ecte2)de an: () Joke ds ori) Jae de we ni te neg ad 92 en, i) sees dz = see Fa{oee2s de) = (secte)"-*! eects da) = (tana + 1)°7V"(d tan 2) (i) eves dem coe #a(osee de) = (nce f 7 Merete de) = (cots + 1} dot 2) ese) uresnr ae [attrearv ee mis npai lagral n—D fi) tan*reecedz = tan" sec" Pelsccte™ I ecete de) = tasiteltarts + Wa tan 2) i) cot cscM adem cots cae” 2e(ccle de) = ct a{ acs! (eue2s de) = cotMeootte + 1"-2V% deat 2) Select de) Ce ee {sansa de~ tates" tan se) ~ (inte 2) = ce = a ae 2) A eotrcneedr= cota (setr= hee Eaadees) aun 8 Ue tration ola 0 footage hee e tan e+ 2f foeFede (ora 7) (i [ests de = — Lee Pa cat case 9: feanrasces az or (uy [cots see de vere ms evn and isd - Apply Cae to leottfese™4a( dese) (ese reo) lcet"4e da (Formula 78) fi) tants secs = ee eee ey ee Gi) cots exes = (cote) Fese™ = (eee = 1)" ese Wal For = cemrnery 1.6) [rats ery [uate din) = dec (0) fooPae sin ae ae See Bue 67 Sa vate theif ater, Chk your anewer by difewntintion or graphically I nte-tnateds)= feats 20 (0 fo esa ede = feo Je en = 2 (a) fasteade= [Reese J = cotenine de = fine des frota(osin de) cos des foe dine) =aites Foot Jes weenthiorte (0 foot eae = [Ja tcsaye=fersnz)+¢ 4 (9 fotedsi fustarce > (a) Becanse we havea od pone of in, meat the method af ae Let [eodede= [eceteooe wd) Jo-wpe H+ We440 "TRCHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS (0) Beas we ar ve peo in own he hed fe ar ares [mcontepen e—pan tev 1 tense foes dem fae sidan de [is saan ee js — Join’ (0) [ VasFsiets d= [e!? = fort -en?ah-dess) = feasts) feos poe 96 vee 4:0 mtorr fet neonates [testo = Igee- sia3z)(sin 32) ee Be de 1 fom tecntede mf core tone tehtem Joins fysin THC fine ala 3e)-¥— in 30) coe de) ~ fin 38 —f in SFP fe fitbeaeleat ease pt (oa C3 J-tec [ina sa ote ote fersn ee coins emt + 0, [em ty coe yay =| f(a 2y sin dy —f erty — feet +0 uw, [eset fle sca anat=an2ls ain tdr C=} Jinete u [ewteaem [ecte-the=funbe-r8 6 de Then we apy Ce, eaat(eryerda)= [rade [lec —1pdu = tan wat Cmean 4 Biante de = tee [cotstee=1)) we fo sata [(eeat—net=—toet-t4e ws. feted [loc net tata [ae teartonta~ eiedtafottoitanele€ 6. (eatin fea wpe te= forte pete wate We apply Com 4 ite [tants = [tats fumes) [ee afte [ects iide fame eFC a [itae de = [tanttelon’8e— Dae = ffantaus acts de)— [ranttede tanks [auPteon82— 1 =f anso— pfsstactsattc de) [tants de a fytantte feasdaet [(oeeie de = fet defeats tans e tSTa tmcoxoMerRc Bonus «1 ~foreones}foceaee-pureete-tuferesea +c Joust ymca ce= fate van esc “penta [otro = penta [on tft) [ote de» —foute featae la 6c dt, [sede [eacte= [etotnta te st Da(ee?2e— 1) (edu —de = fianta tan 0 +O =ftane) ne) +e+6 we = facet [ectenetade= [cater un = ftan'u + tan e+ C= 5 taste 2) +can(ln 2) +0 a3, feasiewete de= [tasPates?e tee de= [Gas +tanfestede =Beante + }rants+ 7m. [rssteseds de Beceme webare sold power of gent, we te Ca 7. osteme do [viteedaeestaneds)= {ab iPucae inne) let reseed see stan zd Then Jatontrae= [ot rverm [tence bt —Bheieec nec Fnects +h secs + C 25, [cote ca'te de = [eor’3{eo23e + tose? de =} (et 32+ cotkte)(9 oc*8eds) a= pestis Jeoaes as, [(eceae tae sofas = [ntie 42 meds meds + ecthayde = | nelie +1 ee We tectazs han See hiten fel—feotSa+C a [an 2s toot ede = [(tntte +2 cateehte = [soe =142 ce Me juan 2- foot 2040 ™ rots . Ine lee ocetied te) =tan ewe te, [tingmlae [san wien matey tea —ttn ws6 30, tat um J dale [Pee a2 featdu 2 fanaa 2 [tan ee = 2 tan wood de)—2 [tan udu tan'u—2lase nt + C= tx? /F2 Ine | +6 [tatersee-tentere‘2 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPDR INTEGRATS = [Sie Wem ened etn Je [iter an [atten =ba'nsc aa. [etigee= [paamiz aes [omgde ——faw tere —foctese in Jastatianres + Nontse de) vR RE xh an ™ news| (Geen f arnt (1-2 corre tentenyde oe cate ie Nae mre delle pant ft gan ei, a0, [sa Se cos yeas We ue the tind formals of Cue 3. [Patent preen [™ fobtedes [°? [too tee af ate at. [2 sn ae cosseds =} "sin 2e +n Sele = fem 2e— Hees f= GVH 9)~ G1) 24-0 [fhe ensetentf Manta rants tonts pent AGHA pas 4 m4 I as aelaeclae dn) PP oan Aa de 19. [Rca fT tiene dem [71 tn elt te) [2 ote Gf -foe iff) = font afb [7 bse eae on > Whyte method of Ge 5 tet tan aed dy 22 tlt |! oe! 4) [Peta 24 et 2 a= [62 1h) aye spe tgove-riovi-mimovi-212 TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS 483 (042 uate ttantebetede he a Sinan. ete a fenton wif fa) tay t= 6. Trig bumde by 9 ‘ Azydp, Sanwaes [- tearad|" @-exrnae Iny3=1 fa? sinks and the» eal: ak cared on te «atin «© [0] [sate de= Jo [coe ane fe fotnze, ode? 8, Andes of wore endl dk ite on hai [t,o nin ia Eretarne| cations |, (egeaty ag] -zentesentote ae -sete] off) Prefer diel Pak Be 52 The mgins bonded by they ach andy ~ dw andy ene fr 02 Ferenc ss ad the ele ofthe dal ecaongeot To leu shove the ein: The sort ofl» cen fg of ke ses By tetera co er a ner adi nite Te Vn, tim, SE xemPe; -eateyaje = (77, bea Br ae (code —nale ie (142 em 2x eoetoeyde te, Et tnttan =f fn (PAY Jom of -4f Utama —Jetsnzek - 3" ( Pr etdae ef <3 peg ge % Anco tr nh and om Jin, Seay484 TECHNIQUES OF INTIGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS Sh The gn intended bpp mosh = Lad eo ae [ mwotemieliiotoat Myo [P7 sor des bat wm and de cone de. Thon du de and w= sine. Fen a sain ef [1 inne ems he ef freee HH[rPootese nf beep ae Hes baal =p fane- fey The cote aa the pot (=p taat bro death) 96. Find the cent ofthe region of Beerche 52 > There iz bounded by the yas and = enone aos fee 02 che Wishvi-1= 3-1 M,= | GEESERET = ain teens) "— [ine tem eye = fpvi-[eesetanef! = eye! Meo fe niasie whom arte fana} a} rel RS Jo/42) (EHD) = The centroid is at r(V142) - V/E+ IK V2=1)). S51. Te eon nbounded by y = unt, be aim 2 = J Aa [Paateaee (Gate ptenta safe 58, Therebon bounded hy ~ fees the vas = ester on te =a, 2 seh ol eds Ses Let Ve, fp, § roacwPacaor| (ote + 17a de) 98 | een [Seen nae = oft de + uly = of koe + se 1) YS = 50, An ten ln er dk ert en thea eo An Vey fing 3 wloctesaene [7 atomic de = |" (ante +theete de sw affuante stan e[/* =a} 41) =$e 0, The fate of a dam isin the shape of one atch cf ZFC [_1N0,104}, ad the surface of the voter fe st the top {ne force due o water presure on the face af the dam fisiance i measured > Sie the Sguie, Let f(s) —p. The force gn a vertical element of area fle)dz and reas dept 1/(6), i fo)? IF Ib isthe force on the Gsm, brace of symm, Poe ted baie =o "Cena smn? cong = oe ange] = eo = The fore on the dar is 52,200000 Ib = 15.600 ters. infer dz =} "(1 ~eostno)dz = Y2—ghsin Yne], = Js because sin Ine =0 for any integer n12'TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRALS 485 [J oteue= (27 I= [J cotede= [27 os aytie [ote —uitee= [°7 (os artee [°" Ceo eee Heat ie dae them fea te inten 9 =. 68 tata dew Th cos resin dem [*co(-neusn(maray-d)= "cones nai ec ibs it de i igen tam {ony nen ad 17 ny nan sf" = ey pad eg ew a em ee cticerialt ERAS > ie ce ayn ig = Yodo ih wre a0d b= rice, Ths o @ ® [sor mee cos mrs ge =0 men Parthermere, ifm = m then n= m= 0, and bate cos 0= 1, then teal mae de = [és ® By aibatiaing rom Bas (2) a8 (4) ino Be, (1), ve obtain f 6a) fence = ne” *AEEE AE nA ns nin 2p Meme] =esicatangctem [tere Phos (nyt teeta tame (02) area de and m= oeerecoemreds = ifm=n heme Pean (no font de tesa haf tote esjfacon) fife bBo fk fede Ne ctieetdbeontine 66 a) [ ected =f eet tan +f [secede =f sete an 2 fGeccetan 243 ees de) sfunctstan 24 fects tan shuns C (0) [ects de = fee's tans tf ectede fod rtan 2+ Mees ans Hfees tans + fineee ean 246 socetan 2+ Some tan 2 fyscer tans jlsace bien 214.6 Bb. (m1 [lhastre de BEL A MaaPade = FG OAD. ttm tm I, then496 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS, [Paesmnttsh tanned Woce cfr tsi tecsintme cstv [Fax twan< [Patan [Fanta de Bebesee (Sm) 1.5..u(2m—1) g Pen lOm—2) doe 2.2.4-4...,2mi2m) se Te I a eT Fra ee Bese i BO ~ 1, Walla forma fellows Ue goer rnp (6) [ante dem fants eos 8 [ste de mbintecons fpisteose— feos 4C (0 = oe feos) +0 cas) +8)4C- == fh oe 19 cots = 10 cts 15) 40 = con 24 JeoPe feo 1. (0) Dei the nds forma shar mean nar gute shan 3 foot sdu=droe usin +251 feet? wis (Formas 74) nz de)ac trcon s+ {pene con 242} eos sinte + 4sia?s +8) tos 2 Gente +2 coca +4—A coe 48)+C in Example 1 (0) As enn maa rn etd (0 Showa rr er arco Bagh > (a) Beene si? ww cad 4 then Dos" usin w) = (2 ~1}eo8"? ui =1)c0e"? ufo a 1) eae ea! u=(n— eos"? site cor edn we afestadin tot fea tte chia nda 3) Gijon uname oerre x cenn [ets ee fenPeina sifted coPesin e+ Hj co sin 2432) =feotesnet feoeda e}e+e @ (©) Applying te double angle formulas sin 22 =2in 2 cos and cos 2 =2ecs?s—1 to the answer of Example we get $e fai Be tgp sine + fet fin 2+ psn 2 con De net fan coon 184 2000%)+6 hich is evant to (2) (0) feats den fac tecs at 2ds)=—Late 46 de fn 2b tenes) (0) Jeane cers de = [one ste tan ds) sae'e + to, [rats co'e as, i= [aeeentaen nn = fat (0m fade dob [meade nde dens [teen =) feat (23 (esin zeos2Pde = 4 side de =f (cokes 8 de) = | coe ~ Me os 28) Bee -co 29) 4 Cy (2) a (©), we ew 22 = 1 wontons sto go (a) und con 22 = 2eas'e—1 to get (0).+73 INTEGRUTION OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS BY TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION 487 73 INTEGRATION OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS BY TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION inate the sqvae root radia! in an exprsion that we wh to integrate y ranking & 2, Hea the integrand may covtain an expesion ofthe fort: cue 2 VTP Come 3 We ke @ ein“! Welet ¢=ta0"? § Wel ‘Then, w= asin ‘Then, =a ten VE =e w acct and VEE a1 8, du =acont d0 denenton ‘You shoukd memorize the choice for (in each of the three cass, but do not attempt co memorize the {eplceuent fr she exrensoa cotaiing th eda or the eplcement for du. Rather se the tigonemetic ‘denies tnd the difientiton frmuls forthe trigonometric functions te derive thew repeemveat I the {dual vovtnine © guedraleelnomiah, we int rompleta the aque. The Metin nea are the flowing. taste td Beatin mind that if the integrand contains an odd power of u, then ax lgstaic satiation may be ese. ‘A llipe of sesanes and 8 ba area 4. Thus atl of rains rhs aren ar4 See Perce 1 icntris nearve sch that theleng of the segment of every tangent lite frou the pont of tangency is = oie costan Ax equation (ne Bx. 46) 2 = inf) VATE = emt $= VPP Baris 13 8 1 etan8¥ = sed cto) In Exercaes 1-12, eslvale the inte integral Le tets=2un? these b-20 Cand “br £0< Oi <0, Than de=2 cu PP and Yard = Vana = ea = Bont we \aftcan easyer ec Jose pin here <0 <]r if >and fr <8 < its <0, The de= 2 ew 6 dP and Yard 2 Vina = 2oaTi ~ 202 pe Jeera fiooe-nya 3 tt s=Dand whet <0 ce > 0and fc <0 <0 Ten de VF Fa = VF ant 24 = 2V/sec'f = 2eee 8, [ojo Inari if > Weise method of Case? witha = sand a= Vi. "Thus, welet tm-F, 2=Vétans, de = yb dd and Ai Pen aT = Vio et er = |ieantvenco a. nd fart [octal dyacracess cron face] {han 0 1an Hideto] Cm tne an 0-3 Ban 16 ae 5-1 SF alec beVFTE- se /FFE+ NHS [esther es out sft nett thcb488, TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRAIS where © =C-Sinv/é- Doan tedentede [finn [88h févauscavFBre a = Tian 8, de = YP rwe’S dd and 2427 = 2+ 2ian"d = 2(1 + tan*s) =? sec. Lie at vena = ES iota epintvon see wher 0<0

Jand r<0 ‘Teg: Let w= 2 wed where 0<0-< Jr fu >2and r-<0- 0, VET = VIG tO = te ft pli = WiEsgocd[invarcpuecs-mst §— Xe “Hp ale pe LBD onso . ° Methed 2. Lot v= +25, 2 du = 40d, otee Seams [Sages = Pate wile AEE] tar! b= tan B Then du =5 se? a and « [layiee We te the methal of Case 2 with «=2 and o= tnd=t (ome ssvit eV 0073 ae yet oa bie (cas [Se [ata Met tectemnet nba naresatiggona dean facet iivindlcaaiad stk Ly ran ane tan dt ae eels his +2y)—lna-+ VB) = nat58 sec, 16+ P= 16 +16 tn? ~ 16 se tat (ogee fleece fein ol avi waous490 "TOCHNIQUES OF INTPGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS Tig Lan tie x el sine denbent dbnnd VoD = VETER [iit [PRS af tana cont-en tan = 64 can 84 cod! = (tt VI-+ 8 JV) (-64-+14) = 0+ 54 4M = 12a Align ft 16— 24 02. Then =A em Peli fh, ses [i e-whyte= tof =) 02/3 ay) = byw aor » oes > We compete the squire. Nae ee [eee = iE risen de Jgrdviwocnss pe mel ota Ligig eet oneness ata He Ag she tan) — he worans an 6 where € [Jo] becaue 2 €[V 3.2/9. Then a aucrinag Vera eiraneavee sie of

(RSs eae psiloc Ota dt, VEG = VID = Bad as [2 MEHR ioe [States cep tan 148) ~ [BCP ZLL9 [mc 8 con 9 -=hefsccO-+ tan 9|-sin 9? =n} +9)-3=1n3-$ Wyola ZaL it miso thelagh of ue fom #21104 then 20d Lag 8 tans, btan 8. Then == tan 6 de = sec and YETI be [Ecc tencae) = [cc manta na = [* nea tan te MO nn ns ae den afc tae cot 6) y= V8 A=} — Vinh y8—1) m 23009 36, Pad the vlan of the ad grad by reveling th open hounded by the curve = VEFT/, the « ten and te ne #5 aut te 9 aie . > Sein fgee An cement of same ea eda hl of ck 3 teen alos and ale) = €[3.9} IV cae waite the ete, the Valea Etreatedse = [een 6 tie vane hae We see the mithod of Case 3 with 93. at @— wet Ebene“! Thos denser ianed) aed a vate? Cran etn d eat 6, (cy —a)de eft = | Fees hen 9 ad de = du Tan aarft pega a2 igi seen tie gf = ted sean + The volume fe 2e(4~S eo? §) = 2e(6—3 un?) cue une Algebras Weld east1:8 INTEGRATION OP ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS BY TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION 495 An slemest of olme isa Gs catered op the x ai, = € 15,0 radios (P= voy kp, Eeeaerh some? ave P es tect 2 btin Bhar € [0 fe] bene € [3 Then de = 94008 and Van2 = 9-9as8d = Vex = Beast. vane | on 0 98 sent d= tte [77 ate td = se ee Rah ee gate Sy 224, =2e IL eit the hag of we om £= 0 ce tet = tenrtas, botan- sa} tan de =hsedd 68, TF a= Vit aD =e 8 Thos Le fp weenie} [nor ara oben t +e tD HOV/S/542) a My= [eve FSG = 5 (24 420)"P ae ae) = He? +367 = fr000-219 = Ht [iV FB ae tees tart f bmtan hf Thee == tant dem 6 mc at and VETPGS ~ VETTE TT = bie ~ 6 8. Thro Ma JP 96s d= tec tan #+ nee ¢ an off = flo 1 40-418 a 392 ya Eom the ae oe py ib aey The eter of ei gg om em ss meters fv one nd is JES? haf. Pind the rms an center of We dei el ppt be he a= [2 be a Weare gen thet (a) Ostan“{aja) Tees aan Guo de= 346 o0 and VO4 4 =Soee 6, This OF M129 Ct db atin ans gl Ba 308 y= [evTa Beeb 404 aPAP = Van) 90-9) novi=1) 207-1) y wpa es + The mam in atous 103 aid the enter of mas i aout 1.59 m fom the od 4 Dh opin el by p= VE he ain and em a= f° MED Let e= dace Pand a= vee", there #€ [al bene + € [8,5 Then de 3 #108 #48 and VE= = VoD = Vag = 3 a 6. There [pepe somosane an [anipae [tg an = [ne afte vn alma Tif §|-$)—0% ies [fe Bae f fame tan tds 8 [unt a =3 |e ne Sin 34 ting the ame substation, 2 3um 0-9 n3-§-3 me wnifeetern ake corpal ioe 29-1bea 5 =o BRIT 1" BIG I=496 TECINIQUES OF INTEGRATION, INDETERMINATE FORMS, AND INPROPER INTEGRALS aa Lt O=sin%a/e), 42 An equation of elapse 4/24 +y#/4*— 1 inthe rst quadrant is ea asin de con dl, ft fat = VT =ain = con®, Are = 18] taco a) = 20h (rte 20 = 2a = a 20 18. Choon th sda ind ab ey were. Th fh utah nen ch Side eirner esa diam eects wae = Bei val ceca eis tas mare be Foyt, B tev/ Ce 1?3 can Pp einai) = ee JF = Va= asin — 2V ios = 2 coe, Therefore saanjeanconta=t gt | ean cafe (tsseeande Bream ife shun lyfe ap =Adjp +|n+)-4v3) 42V50 =(Gr+3va)onsyx 0 44. A gus in an ivgntion ditch i inthe shape of segment of sive of rion 4 (The top af the gate a horizontal sd 5 £ above the lowest pint ofthe gate f the water lave in? & above the tp ofthe gate, Hk the freon the gate ds to water preseare 1 See th figure Choose the = axis downward with the orga at the ceier of, the chele- An element of aren bas » with 2/IB—u, Height Ae and is = faye bam aad (uF I badow the water lev IF F pound isthe oer the gir Mpa det eanlie-ataents|usaviewdae Re =a [{vie=Pas + [iv=Fe] 7 ” Fog the mcos intial af (1) He have 4fos ~23)!(-2ed) Vib~F = Vi6= WARY = A coe 6 epee, ten [dom oyseond an) 8% srg = fo inal? = 80+ ain # coe 9]? = be ~ (oom! J +4V7)] ® ‘Substituting from (2) and (3) lato (1) we get = 244 Baio"! =} +8) = leant Sway Tena) sm. The fore onthe gue dt wate resus abst 2491 1, 45, Chom bez ais owed nd tle te ya a hg lve The a of he ak the gon eco 1p the cele =O 4? = Ot An denent oa ina ero rp of width 9/E=T— 9? ms en ep IF thf onthe ed due al pra, hen 1 dpa Beale inet athe tes 224 Fai Owere de [bb bese (0,2 Then de = ce and (e—e— fie GA sind = 8y/coe = 8 c08 8. Therefore rasa tameyeennyoons a = e[ 7 en eraiog [Pet ane FE78 INTEGRATION OF ALGRARAIC FUNCTIONS BY TR:GONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION 495 269 [7 (on 20, Ep cao = 156 04a), + 184 ya) soe fet iV3) = tap = (E+ s0V/8) a = 084 oF et etn il rn tg eins peg oem -[ EE Sainiate yas dy wesw ode, JEP a Va Pao 222 [igtecn adn) =e tgtidstexaftine-ceonte a wacom ritecotetelad =F fg, SB] “The constant in eenste y= a when 2 AF. The distance walked ew = 24 VOTH = ale VE) 7 1B (9 When oi and y=, = 1515 f%) = poche yy a oh AI TS | aa. Sunge © hound moving song te pias carve, a tracts. chasing & UBL rns loge © ae rae ging nthe eon palating 3 ‘he sbbit Eipnin wiy the hoaod ie aways he same datance from the {oblit o that ne cathe the mb o> Becats the hota i alas poining a the MBO, dane rom he SS slong s tangent tae tothe tc. By ent, ts tangent Tine eget almaye Bethe ame ne 60) ine 8, de = 200 Oran Od, = | rend aap ]7Pocede=pindeace+eee| Moga W- “Seedy Mavi ~tay) = nd (6) We enor na #2 in 9 cane sin 12 ‘All PARTIAL FRACTIONS =e cos" g and sof = ost 2 oat seas (0) When om Sand © wra08 40 = ano Partial Fraction 1. If degiP) > éeg(D) divide to get quien Q(x) and remainder Riz). Fons on R/D. for B/D 2, Fector D into powers of distin linear and iedaeible quadratic tars. 3. For eth (a2 +8)" we gt the terms Se Aabenepvege MEEE 4 MEtBL gg tae te 4: For nth (a+ betel wend a irget take tata beber Phan For distinct fctors, use the methed of uadsternined coeffelente muliply by D to get a Dpobuomual identity sad sabntate the rout Corpere caliente of the highat powet to ge Stree equation if edd, Tr repeated fetor, jun divide repeal: the quotient ie over Tower power, the temaindes is cover the origin pover. Whpn powers are aegativ, arrange iv inezeaing order. We indicate the oni lone dian by = a eae