g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg

sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL, @)^!

g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
/lj ejg, sflndf6L, sf7df8f}+
 g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL, @)^!
ljifo ;"rL
l; =g+ = ljifo k]h
! kl/R5]b – ! !
k|f/lDes

@ kl/R5]b – @ @
sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf / kb Joj:yf

# kl/R5]b – # $
kbk"lt{ / lgol'Qm

$ kl/R5]b – $ @#
;?jf / a9'jf

% kl/R5]b – % ##
xflh/L / labf

^ kl/R5]b – ^ $@
tna eQf

& kl/R5]b – & $$

cjsfz, pkbfg, j[lQ / cGo ;'ljwf

* kl/R5]b – * %)
pkrf/ vr{

( kl/R5]b – ( %@
cWoog / tfnLddf dgf]gog ;DaGwL Joj:yf

!) kl/R5]b – !) %$
sfod d'sfod / lgldQ ;DaGwL Joj:yf

!! kl/R5]b – !! %%
cfr/0f
!@ kl/R5]b – !@ ^)
;hfo / k'g/fj]bg

!# kl/R5]b – !# ^(
ljljw

!$ cg';"rLx?
! =kb, tx, ;]jf ;d"x tyf pk ;d"x Joj:yf &@

@ =b/vf:t kmf/fd &$

#= kbk"lt{sf] nflu Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf &*

$ =k|of]ufTds k/LIff kmf/fd *$

% =cGt/jftf{ kmf/fd *%

^ =lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0f kqsf] gd"gf *&

&= zky u|x0f **

* =j}olQms ljj/0f *(

( =sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd (#

!) =labfsf] lgj]bg !)!

!!= labf tyf pkrf/ vr{sf] ljj/0f !)#

!@= k|lti7fgaf6 dgf]gog eO{ cWoog/tfnLd/ !)$

e|d0fdf hfg] sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf] sj'lnotgfdfsf] 9fFrf

!# lgod %) sf] pklgod & cg';f/ cWoog !)%

ljbf lnO{ cWoog/tfnLd/e|d0fdf hfg] sd{rf/Ln]
ug'{ kg]{ sj'lnotgfdfsf] 9fFrf

!$ =;DklQ laa/0f kmf/fd !)^

!% =ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]zsf] lg0f{osf] gd"gf !)(

 g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL, @)^!
;+zf]wg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o ldlt
! g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg sd{rf/L
;]jf zt{ -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^^ @)^^.*.!!
@ g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg,
sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ ;DaGwL -bf]>f] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)&% @)&%.%.!%
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fgsf]] k|zf;sLo Joj:yf tyf k|lti7fgsf
sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;d]tnfO{ Jojl:yt Pj+ lgoldt ug]{ p2]Zon] g]kfn
ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g cfb]z, @)@( sf] bkmf # sf] v08 -6_ n]
lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] lgodfjnL agfOPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b - !
k|f/lDes
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; lgodfjnLsf] gfd "g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg
k|lti7fg sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL @)^! /x]sf] 5 .

-@_ of] lgodfjnL t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .


@= kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgodfjnLdf,–

æ-s_ æcWoIfÆ eGgfn] ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;Demg' kb{5 .

-v_ ……cfof]uÆ eGgfn] nf]s ;]jf cfof]unfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ æsd{rf/LÆ eGgfn] o; lgodfjnL cg';f/ lgo'Qm ePsf k|lti7fgdf
:yfoL ?kdf sfo{/t clws[t Pj+ cGo sd{rf/LnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ æu7g cfb]zÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg ;ldlt
-u7g_ cfb]z, @)@( ;Demg' k5{ .
-ª_ ækl/jf/ÆeGgfn] k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/L;Fu a:g] tyf lgh cfkm}n] kfng
kf]if0f ug'{kg]{] klt / kTgL, 5f]/f, cljjflxtf 5f]/L, wd{ k'q, cljjflxtf
wd{k'qL, afa', cfdf jf ;f}tgL cfdf ;Demg' kb{5 / ;f] zØbn] k'?if
sd{rf/Lx¿sf] xsdf afh], ah} tyf dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghsf]
;f;', ;;'/fnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt

1
 -r_ æk|lti7fgÆ eGgfn] u7g cfb]zsf] bkmf !) adf]lhd gfdfs/0f ul/Psf]
k|lti7fg ;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ ædGqfnoÆ eGgfn] ;F:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ æ;b:oÆeGgfn] ;ldltsf cWoIf, ;b:o / ;b:o-;lrjnfO{ ;Demg'
k5{ .
-em_ æ;ldltÆ eGgfn] u7g cfb]zsf] bkmf @ adf]lhd ul7t g]kfn ko{6g
tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg ;ldlt ;Demg' k5{ .
-`_ ……:yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dltÆ eGgfn] ljb]zL d'n'sn] s'g} zt{ tf]sL of
gtf]sL ;f] d'n'sdf :yfoL ?kn] a;f]af; ug{ kfpg] u/L g]kfnL
gful/stfnfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 8fOe/l;6L Oldu|]G6 le;f -l8=le_,
k/dfg]G6 /]lh8]G6 le;f -lk=cf/_ jf u|Lg sf8{ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] g]kfnL gful/snfO{ ljb]zdf :yfoL ?kdf a;f]af; ug{ lbOPsf]
h'g;'s} gfdsf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dltnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .Æ

kl/R5]b - @
sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf / kb Joj:yf

#= k|lti7fgsf] ;]jf M k|lti7fgdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf ;]jfx? /xg]5g\ .

-s_ k|zf;g
-v_ k|fljlws

$= ;]jf / ;d"xsf] u7g / kb Joj:yf M k|lti7fgdf /xg] ;]jf, ;d"x tyf k|To]s ;]jf
;d"xdf /xg] kbsf] ;+Vof / kbsf] gfd cg';"rL – ! adf]lhd x'g5
] .

%= tx M -!_ ;ldltn] k|lti7fgsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ k|lti7fgsf] ;+u7gfTds ;f]kfg =============

lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd txx? sfod ul/g]5 / o;/L x]/km]/ ubf{ df}h'bf b/aGbL ;+Vof eGbf
a9L ;+Vof x'g] ePdf dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .

-@_ x]eL ;jf/L rfns / xNsf ;jf/L rfns tx ljxLg /xg]5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f lemlsPsf] .

2
^= kb >[hgf / kbk"lt{ M -!_ k|lti7fgdf cfjZostf cg';f/ lgDg lnlvt b'O{ k|sf/sf
kbx? /xg ;Sg]5g\ .
-s_ :yfoL kb
-v_ s/f/ ;]jfdf lgo'lQm x'g] kb
-@_ ;+u7gfTds :j?ksf] x]/km]/ ;ldltn] ug{ ;Sg]5 t/ :yfoL b/jGbLsf] >[hgf
ubf{ dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .

-#_ k|lti7fgdf sfod /x]sf] df}h'bf b/jGbLaf6 dfq ug'{ kbf{ ;DkGg x'g g;Sg]
/ ljlzi6tf -ljz]if 1fg zLk_ cfjZos kg]{ sfo{sf] lgldQ ;ldltn] jf ;ldltn] tf]s]sf]
clwsf/Ln] lglZrt cjlwsf] nflu s/f/ ;]jfdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;Sg]5 . o:tf] s/f/ ;]jfsf]
cjlw ;dfKt eP kl5 ;ldltn] cfjZostfg';f/ yk ug{ ;Sg]5 . s/f/ ;]jfsf] ;+rfngdf
lgo'Qm u/L sfo{ ubf{ lgDg zt{sf] kl/lw leq /x]/ ug'{ kb{5 .

-s_ ;+:yfsf] ;+u7g ;+/rgf========= leq sfod ePsf] :yfoL kbdf s/f/
;]jfdf lgo'lQm ul/g] 5}g .
-v_ ljz]if1, lj1, tfnLd ;+rfng ug]{ k|lzIfs, ;jf/L rfns, o"l6ln6L
;xofuL, ;'/Iff, dd{t ;+ef/, ;/;kmfO{, ju}rf Joj:yfkg h:tf
k|s[ltsf] sfdsf] nflu dfq s/f/ ;]jfdf lgo'lQm ul/g]5 .
-u_ s/f/ ;]jfdf lgo'lQm ubf{ sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ h'g txdf lgo'lQm
ul/g] xf] ;f] sf] lgldQ cfjZos Go'gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf / cg'ejsf]
cjlw lgwf{/0f ubf{ k|lti7fgdf ;dfg txsf] :yfoL tkm{sf] kbsf]
lgldQ tf]lsPsf] of]Uotf eGbf sd of]Uotf tf]lsg] 5}g .
-3_ s/f/ ;]jfsf] kb >[hgf ug'{ kbf{ o:tf] kb / kbn] ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf]
ljj/0f tyf kbsf] lgldQ cfjZos Go"gdt of]Uotf lgwf{/0f u/L
;f]xL cg';f/ dfq pko'Qm JolQmnfO{ lgo'Qm ug'{ kg]{5 .
-ª_ kfl/>lds / cGo zt{x? s/f/df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-r_ s/f/ ;]jfdf lgo'lQm ubf{ k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df ug'{ kg{]5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f lemlsPsf] .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk

3
 kl/R5]b - #
kbk"lt{ / lgol'Qm
 
1. &= kbk"lt{ M -!_ k|lti7fgdf l/Qm /x]sf] :yfoL kb a9'jf / v'nf
k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffaf6 k"lt{ ul/g]5 . kbk"lt{ ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd k|ltzt lgwf{/0f
ul/g]5 M–

v'nf j9'jfåf/f
:t/ tx÷;]jf k|ltof]lutf cfGtl/s sfo{Ifdtfsf]
åf/f k|ltof]lutfåf/f d"Nof+sgåf/f
clws[t !) – – !))Ü
k|zf;g÷k|fljlws
( – @%Ü &%Ü
k|zf;g÷k|fljlws
* !)Ü @)Ü &)Ü
k|zf;g÷k|fljlws
& – @)Ü *)Ü
k|zf;g÷k|fljlws
^ %)Ü @%Ü @%Ü
k|zf;g÷k|fljlws
^ !))Ü
k|fljlws – –
-k|lzIfs_
;xfos % $)Ü – ^)Ü
$ !))Ü – –
# – – –


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

4
 -@_ tx ^ clws[t :t/sf] z'? tx ePsf]n] z'? egf{ ;f] txdf dfq ul/g]5 .

-@s=_ k|lti7fgsf l/Qm kbdf kbk"lt{sf nflu dfu ubf{ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] pklgod -
!_ adf]lhd k|ltzt lgwf{/0f u/L ;xdltsf] nflu nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf
k7fpg' kg{]5 .

-@v_ pklgod -@s_ adf]lhd kbk"lt{sf] nflu dfu ubf{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un]
tf]s]sf] jflif{s sfo{tflnsfsf] Dofb leq dfu ug{' kg{]5 .

-@u_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kb ;+Vof k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ubf{ s'g} ljjfb
cfPdf ;~rfns ;ldlt ;dIf k]z u/L lg0f{o eP adf]lhd ug'{kg]{5 .

-@3_ v'Nnf / a9'jf k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ubf{ z]if /xg cfPsf] kb ;ldltn]
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd k"lt{ ul/g]5 .

-@ª_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf l/Qmkb
b]xfo adf]lhd k"lt{ ul/g]5 M–
-s_ sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sgåf/f x'g] a9'jfsf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] ;a} jf s]xL
kbdf ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ geO{ kb k"lt{ x'g g;Sg] ePdf h'g jif{sf]
nflu To:tf] kb 5'6\ofOPsf] xf] ;f]xL jif{sf] To:tf] kb cfGtl/s
k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f .
-v_ sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg / cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f x'g]
a9'jfsf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] ;a} jf s]xL kbdf ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ geO{
kb k"lt{ x'g g;Sg] ePdf h'g jif{sf] nflu To:tf] kb 5'6\ofOPsf] xf]
;f]xL jif{sf] v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f .

-@r_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;xfos:t/ tx tLgsf]
kbdf s'g} sd{rf/L axfn g/x]df To:tf] kb :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 . ;xfos:t/
tx tLgsf] kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] ;xfos:t/ tx rf/df a9'jf x'gsf
nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;]jf cjlw / z}lIfs of]Uotf k'u]sf] ePdf lghnfO{
;xfos:t/ tx rf/sf] kbdf a9'jf ul/g]5 . o;/L a9'jf ug{sf] nflu


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

5
 ;xfos:t/ tx rf/sf] kb :jtM l;h{gf x'g]5 / lgh ;xfos:t/ tx rf/sf]
kbdf a9'jf x'g' eGbf cufl8 lgh axfn /x]sf] kb :jtM vf/]h ePsf]
dflgg]5 .Æ

-#_ ;xfos :t/sf] tx @, ! / tx ljxLg 8««fO{e/ kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?n]

cjsfz lnPkl5 To:tf kbx? :jt M vf/]h x'g]5g\ / cfjZos k/]df To:tf ;]jfdf
s/f/af6 lgo'lQm ul/g]5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfnfO{
;dfj]zL agfpg v'nf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ x'g] kbdWo] k}tfnL; k|ltzt kb 5'6\ofO{ ;f]
k|ltztnfO{ ztk|ltzt dfgL b]xfo adflhdsf] pDd]bjf/aLr dfq 5'6[f5'6[} k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{
kbk"lt{ ul/g]5 M–

-s_ dlxnf t]QL; k|ltzt

-v_ cflbjf;L / hghflt ;QfO{; k|ltzt
-u_ dw]zL afO{; k|ltzt
-3_ blnt gf} k|ltzt
-ª_ ckf+Ë kfFr k|ltzt
-r_ lk5l8Psf] If]q rf/ k|ltzt

:ki6Ls/0f M
-!_ o; pklgodsf k|of]hgsf nflu l" k5l8Psf] If]q" eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n]
tf]s]sf] lhNnf jf If]q ;Demg' k5{ .

-@_ o; pklgodsf] v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ / -3_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ……dlxnf
cflbjf;L / hghflt, dw]zL, blntÆ eGgfn] cfly{s / ;fdflhs ?kdf k5fl8 k/]sf
dlxnf, cflbjf;L / hghflt, dw]zL, blnt÷ ;d'bfosf] ljj/0f g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .Æ
t/ g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L gtf]s];Ddsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ dlxnf,
cflbjf;L÷hghflt, dw]zL, blntnfO{{ cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ?kdf k5fl8 k/]sf] ;d'bfo
dflgg]5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]wg .

6
 
-$s=_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd 5'§ofO{Psf kbdf b/vf:t lbFbf
b]xfosf] cfwf/df lbg' kg{]5 M–
-s_ cflbjf;L÷hghfltsf xsdf g]kfn cflbjf;L÷ hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o
k|lti7fg P]gdf ;"rLs[t ePsf] hfltsf] xsdf ;f]xL ;"rLsf] cfwf/df,
t/ g]kfn cflbjf;L÷hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fg P]gdf ;"rLs[t ePsf]
hfltleq Ps eGbf a9L y/x? ePdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|d'vsf]
l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Laf6 ;"rLs[t ePsf] hfltleqsf] y/ egL
k|dfl0ft u/fO{ b/vf:t;fy k]z ug'{ kg{]5 .
-v_ blntsf xsdf /fli6«o blnt cfof]uaf6 ;"rLs[t ePsf] hfltsf] xsdf ;f]xL
;"rLsf] cfwf/df, t/ /fli6«o blnt cfof]uaf6 ;"rLs[t ePsf] hfltleq Ps
eGbf a9L y/x? ePdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|d'vsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf/Laf6 ;"rLs[t ePsf] hfltleqsf] y/ egL k|dfl0ft u/fO{
b/vf:t;fy k]z ug'{ kg{]5 .
-u_ ckfËsf xsdf :jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] l;kmfl/;df ;dfh sNof0f kl/ifb\af6
ckfËtf k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cfwf/df,
-3_ dw]zLsf xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]
adf]lhdsf] ;+:yfaf6 dw]zL egL k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cfwf/df, t/ g]kfn /fhkqdf
;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ;+:yf gtf]s];Dd ;DalGwt :yfgLo lgsfosf] k|d'vsf]
l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Laf6 dw]zL egL k|dfl0ft u/fO{ b/vf:t;fy
k]z ug{] kg{]5 .
-ª_ lk5l8Psf] If]qsf xsdf lgod & sf] pkbkmf -$_ df pNn]v ePsf lhNnfdf
:yfoL a;f]af; pNn]v u/L ;DalGwt lhNnfaf6 k|fKt ul/Psf] gful/stfsf]
k|df0fkq tyf ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfaf6 xfn ;f]xL :yfgdf
:yfoL a;f]af; ePsf] egL k|dfl0ft u/]sf] cfwf/df .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

7
 -%_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg pklgod -$_ sf] v08
-ª_ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t k|ltztsf] kb s'g} vf; k|s[ltsf] sfdsf] nflu tf]lsP adflhdsf
ckfËx?aLr dfq k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kfpg] u/L k|lt:kwf{Tds k/LIffåf/f k"lt{ ul/g]5 .

-^_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ubf{ Ps k|ltzteGbf sd 3tf+Fs

-k|mofSzg_ cfPdf To:tf] 3tfÍ h'g ;d"xsf] xsdf 3tfÍ cfPsf] xf] ;f]eGbf nuQ} kl5sf
;d"xdf ;b}{ hfg]5 .

-&_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd 5'6\ofO{Psf] kbdf h'g jif{sf] nlfu lj1fkg ePsf] xf] ;f]
jif{ x'g] lj1fkgdf pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ pknJw x'g g;s]df To:tf] kb csf]{ jif{ x'g]
lj1fkgdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 / To;/L lj1fkg ubf{ klg pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ pknJw x'g
g;s]df To:tf] kb ;f]xL jif{ v'nf k|ltof]lutfåf/f k"lt{ x'g] kbdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

-*_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltzt adf]lhd kb ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ubf{ s'g} ljjfb

cfPdf kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .

-(_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq hg';'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg s'g} vf; k|+s[ltsf] sfo{
jf kbsf nflu dlxnfn] dfq k|lt:kwf{ ug{ kfpg] u/L ;ldltn] To:tf] kb lgwf{/0f ul/ tf]Sg
;Sg]5 .

(s=_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg s'g} l/Qm kbdf
a9'jfsf nflu pDd]bjf/ gePdf To:tf] kb v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f k"lt{ ul/g]5 .

-!)_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ubf{ ljut jif{df
k|ltzt lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ljj/0fsf cfwf/df l/St kbsf] k|ltzt lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{5 . k|ltzt
lgwf{/0f ubf{ efukmndf bzdnj kl5sf] c+s h'gdf j9L 5 To;} ;d"xdf / bzdnj kl5
j/fj/ cÍ cfPdf sfo{Ifdtf d"NofÍg, cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutf / v'nf k|ltof]lutfnfO{ qmdzM
k|fyldstf lbO{ kb;+Vof sfod ug'{ kg]{5 .

-!!_ k|lti7fgn] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kbk"lt{ ubf{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 lgwf{l/t
kbk"lt{ ;DaGwL jflif{s sfo{tflnsf caNfDag ug{' kg{]5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]wg .

8

*= kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] u7g M -!_ k|lti7fgsf] l/Qm kbdf gofF lgo'lQm jf a9'jfåf/f k"lt{ ug{sf]
lgldQ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps kbk"lt{ ;ldlt /xg]5 M–
-s_ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs -cWoIf
-v_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k|ltlglw-sDtLdf /f=k=låtLo >]0fL_ -;b:o
-u_ dGqfnosf] k|ltlglw -sDtLdf /f=k=låtLo >]0fL_ - ;b:o
-3_ kbk"lt{ ;Fu ;DalGwt dfgj ;;fwg ljz]if1 -;b:o
-ª_ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] k|zf;g ljefu/ zfvfsf] k|d'v -;b:o÷;lrj
t/ cGtjf{tf{sf] nflu v08 -v_ sf] k|ltlglwsf] xsdf cfof]un] 5'§} k|ltlglw v6fpg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ cGt/jftf{ ;ldltdf pklgod -!_ df Joj:yf ePsf] kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf
;b:ox¿sf] cltl/Qm k"lt{ x'g] kb;Fu ;DalGwt Ps hgf ljz]if1nfO{ uf]Ko ?kdf cfdfGq0f ug'{
kg]5
{] .
-#_kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ;DalGwt If]qdf cg'ej / of]Uotf k'u]sf]
JolQmnfO{ ljz]if1sf] ?kdf kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf cfdlGqt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ lgod & adf]lhd kbk"lt{ ubf{ pklgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ adf]lhd ;b:o jf
ljz]if1sf] gftf leqsf] pDd]bjf/ ePdf ;f];Fu ;DalGwt ;b:o jf lj1 kbk"lt{ ;ldltdf
;+nUg x'g ;Sg]5}g .
-%_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] cWoIf jf ;b:on] ;DefJo pDd]bjf/;+u cfˆgf] :jfy{
aflemPsf]s'g} s'/f eP kbk"lt{ ;ldltnfO{ clu|d ?kdf hfgsf/L u/fpg' kg{]5 . k|lti7fgn]
k|ToIf :jfy{ aflemPsf] JolQm kbk"lt{ ;ldltdf /xg g;Sg] Joj:yf u/L To:tf] cj:yfsf nflu
j}slNks Joj:yf ug'{ kg{]5 .Æ

(= kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] sfd st{Jo M kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] sfd / st{Jo b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M-

-s_ lgod & sf] pklgod -!_ sf] k|lts'n gx'g] u/L Ps cfly{s jif{df l/Qm kbx?
s'g k|s[ofaf6 k"lt{ ug'{ kg]{ xf] ;f] kb;+Vof lgwf{/0f ug]{ .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

9
 
-v_ l/Qm kb k"lt{sfnflu lgwf{l/t k|ltzt cg';f/ cfof]usf] ;xdlt lnO{ lj1fkg
k|sfzg ug]{, cfof]uaf6 k|fKt lnlvt k/LIffsf] glthfdf cGt/jftf{ sfo{qmd
;dfj]z u/L ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{, cGt/jftf{ lng] / 5gf}6 ul/Psf pDd]bjf/sf]
glthf k|sfzg ug]{ / lgo'lQmsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{ .

-u_ a9'jfåf/f k"lt{ ug'{kg]{ kbsf nflu k|lti7fgsf ;DefJo pDd]bjf/sf] sfo{
Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg u/L of]Uotfs|d cg';f/ kbk"lt{ ug{ l;kmfl/z ug]{ .

!)= kbk"lt{df jGb]h M -!_ k|lti7fgsf] s'g} klg l/Qm kb o; lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf ul/P b]lv
afx]s cGo tl/sfn] k"lt{ ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
-@_ gofF l;h{gf ePsf] jf l/Qm kb b'O{ aif{ leq k"lt{ ul/;Sg' kg]{5 . b'O{ aif{ leq
k"lt{ x'g g;s]df kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] k'gd"{NofÍg u/L ;ldlt ;dIf k]z u/L ;ldltsf]
lg0f{ofg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

!!= kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] ;lrjfno M kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnosf] ?kdf k|lti7fgsf] k|zf;g
ljefu/zfvfn] sfd ug]{5 .
!@= lj1fkg ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ :yfoL kbk"lt{sf nflu b/vf:t cfJxfg ubf{ sDtLdf

PSsfO{; lbgsf] cjlw tf]sL lj1fkg k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 .

-!s_ lj1fkg k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] tf]lsPsf] cljlw ;dfKt eP kl5 bf]Aa/ b:t'/ lnO{
;ft lbg leq b/vf:t lbg kfpg]5 .
t/ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lbOPsf] clGtd Dofb kl5 hf/L x'g] z}lIfs of]Uotf,
Aoj;flos kl/ifb\df btf{sf] k|df0fkq, tfnLd, cg'ej / ;dfj]zL ;d"xsf]
k|df0fkq dfGo x'g] 5}g .

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lj1fkg ubf{ lgDg lnlvt s'/fx? :ki6 ?kdf v'nfpg' kg]{5
M–

-s_ kbk"lt{ ug'{ kg]{ kbsf] ;+Vof, ;]jf ;d"x, tx .

-v_ cfjZos Go"gtd of]Uotf / cg'ej .
-u_ sfdsf] k|s[lt .
-3_ k/LIffsf] lsl;d / k/LIff x'g] ldlt .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

10
 -ª_ pDd]bjf/sf] pd]/sf] xb, gful/stf .
-r_ b/vf:t kmf/d kfO{g] sfof{no, b/vf:t lbg] clGtd ldlt .

-r!_ b/vf:t b:t'/ / k/LIff b:t'/,

-r@_ kf7\oqmd ;DaGwL hfgsf/L,

-r#_ ;dfj]zL ;d"xsf] k|df0fkq .

-5_ kbk"lt{;+u ;DalGwt cGo cfjZos b]lvPsf s'/fx? .

-#_ v'nf k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu pDd]bjf/sf] b/vf:t kmf/d cg';"rL - @ adf]lhd

x'g]5 .

-$_ pklgod-!_ adf]lhd b/vf:t cfXjfg ePkl5 k|lti7fgn] ;DalGwt kbsf]
k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd,k/LIffx?sf] cÍef/, Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf ;DaGwL ljifox? pDd]bjf/n]
;f] ljifo hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] u/L Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 / k|lti7fgsf] j]a;fO{6df /fVg'
kg{]5 .

!@s=b/vf:t 5fglag ug]{M -!_ v'nf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] nflu k|sflzt lj1fkg cg';f/ kg{
cfPsf b/vf:tx¿ pk/ b]xfoadf]lhd 5fglag ug'{ kg]{5 M–

-s_ pDd]bjf/n] b/vf:t kmf/fddf lj1fkg gDa/, kb, ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"x,
>]0fL÷tx, gfd, y/, 7]ufgf / hGd ldlt v'nfPsf] 5, 5}g,
-v_ lj1fkgdf tf]lsP adf]lhd pDd]bjf/sf] pd]/ k'u]sf] jf gf3]sf] 5, 5}g,
-u_ b/vf:t k]z u/]sf] kbsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd
z}lIfs of]Uotf k'u]sf] 5 5}g,
t/ lj1fkgdf plNnlvt z}lIfs of]Uotf geO{ ;f]xL ljifosf] dflyNnf]
z}lIfs of]Uotf /x]5 eg] ;f] of]]UotfnfO{ g} Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf k'u]sf]
dflgg]5 .
-3_ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq jf nAwfÍ ljj/0fkq -
6«fG;s[K6_ jf nAwfÍkqsf] k|ltlnlk b/vf:t ;fy ;+nUg 5, 5}g,
-ª_ b/vf:t;fy ;+nUg z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq hf/L ug]{ lzIf0f ;+:yf
dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfleq k5{, kb}{g,


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk

11
 -r_ ;dsIftf / ;Dj4tf lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ z}lIfs k|df0fkqsf] ;dsIftf /
;Dj4tf lgwf{/0f ePsf] 5, 5}g,
-5_ tfnLd jf cg'ej rflxg]df ;f]sf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg 5, 5}g,
-h_ g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk ;+nUg 5, 5}g,
-em_ b/vf:t kmf/fddf xfn;fn} lvlrPsf] kmf]6f] 6fFl;Psf] 5, 5}g / pDd]bjf/n]
kmf]6f] ;d]tdf kg]{ u/L b:tvt u/]sf] 5, 5}g,
-`_ b/vf:t;fy lj1fkgdf plNnlvt k/LIff b:t'/ bflvn u/]sf] /l;b jf ef}r/
;+nUg u/]sf] 5, 5}g,
-6_ b/vf:t;fy ;DalGwt sfuhftx¿sf] Ps Ps k|lt k|ltlnlk ;+nUg 5, 5}g,
-7_ b/vf:tdf pDd]bjf/n] b:tvt tyf NofKr] ;xL5fk u/]sf] 5, 5}g,
-8_ Jofj;flos k/Lifb\df btf{ x'g'kg]{ kbsf] pDd]bjf/sf] xsdf ;DalGwt
Jofj;flos k/Lifb\df btf{ ePsf] jf btf{ gjLs/0f ul/Psf] 5, 5}g,
-0f_ ;dfj]zL tkm{sf] b/vf:t a'emfpg] pDd]bjf/n] tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] k|df0f k]z
u/]sf] 5, 5}g .
-@_ cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff / sfo{Ifdtfsf cfwf/df x'g] a9'jfsf]
nflu k|sflzt lj1fkg cg';f/ kg{ cfPsf b/vf:t kmf/fdx¿ pk/ b]xfo adf]lhd ;d]t
5fgljg ug'{ kg]{5 M–

-s_ lj1fkg ePsf] kb;+u ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x tyf pk;d"xsf] Ps >]0fL÷tx d'lgsf]
kbdf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;]jf cjlw k"/f u/]sf] 5, 5}g / ;f] sf] k|df0f k]z u/]sf] 5,
5}g,
-v_ b/vf:t kmf/fddf lglb{i6 ul/Psf] :yfgdf ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v÷ljefuLo
k|d'vaf6 /Ltk"j{s k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5, 5}g,
-#_ b/vf:t 5fglag ubf{ k]z u/]sf] k|df0fkq jf ljj/0f ;DaGwdf låljwf
ePdf To:tf] b/vf:t ;DaGwdf låljwf k/]sf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ låljwf k/]sf] ljifo;Fu
;DalGwt kbk"lt{ ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljifosf ;DaGwdf cfjZostfg';f/
ljz]if1 jf bIfsf] /fo lnO{ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] cfjZos lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 .

12

!@v=b/vf:t :jLs[t ug]{M -!_ b/vf:t 5fglag ubf{ /Lt k'u]sf] / ;"rgfdf plNnlvt cGo
zt{x¿ k"/f ePsf] b]lvPdf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] To:tf] b/vf:tnfO{ :jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5.
-@_ v'nf tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] xsdf b/vf:t :jLs[t eP
kl5 pDd]bjf/nfO{ /f]n gDa/ sfod u/L k/LIffsf] k|j]z kq lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pDd]bjf/nfO{ lbOg] k/LIff k|j]zkqdf :jLs[t ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] gfd, y/,
kb v'nfO{ sfof{nosf] 5fk ;d]t nufpg' kg]{5 . ;fy} pDd]bjf/sf] kmf]6f]df pDd]bjf/ /
:jLs[t ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] ;d]t b:tvt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pDdbjf/n] k]z u/]sf b/vf:tx¿ pk/ 5fgljg ubf{ lj1fkg÷;"rgfdf
plNnlvt k|fjwfgx¿ k"/f ePsf] gb]lvPdf To:tf] b/vf:t c:jLs[t ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L
c:jLs[t ePsf] hfgsf/L pDd]bjf/nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ Psk6s :jLs[t u/L k|j]zkq hf/L ePsf] b/vf:tdf kl5 s'g} s}lkmot
b]lvPdf To:tf] b/vf:t c:jLs[t u/L k|j]zkq /2 ug{ ;lsg]5 .

!@u= :jLs[t gfdfjnL tof/ ug'{kg]{M -!_ lgod !(v adf]lhd :jLs[t ePsf b/vf:t kmf/fdx¿
Jojl:yt u/L /fVg'sf ;fy} qmd;+Vof, pDd]bjf/sf] gfd y/, cfdf÷afa'sf] gfd, afh]sf]
gfd, btf{ ldlt, b:t'/ a'emfPsf] /l;b gDa/, b/vf:t e/]sf] ;d"x cflb v'nfO{ nf]s ;]jf
cfof]un] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 9fFrfdf :jLs[t gfdfjnL tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ePsf] :jLs[t gfdfjnL k|To]s lj1fkgsf]
nflu b/vf:t kmf/fd lbg] Dofb ;dfKt ePkl5 ;"rgf kf6L tyf j]j;fO6df ;d]t k|sfzg
u/L v'nf tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutf tkm{sf] lj1fkgsf] k|dfl0ft :jLs[t gfdfjnL On]S6«f]lgs
skL ;lxt lnlvt k/LIff ;~rfng ug]{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] ;DalGwt sfof{nodf ;d]t
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ a9'jf tkm{sf] b/vf:t kmf/fd :jLs[t gfdfjnL tof/ u/L kbk"lt{
;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf /fVg' kg]{5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

13

!#= kf7\oqmd M -!_ k|lti7fgdf l/Qm /x]sf k|To]s kbsf] lnlvt tyf k|of]ufTds k/LIffsf]
kf7\oqmd kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] :jLs[t u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lnlvt k/LIffsf] kf7\oqmd, cÍef/, plt0ff{Í / tt\
;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf lgwf{/0f ubf{ k|lti7fgn] nf]s ;]jf cfof]u;+u ;dGjo ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f ubf{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;DalGwt
kbsf] sfo{ ljj/0f / z}lIfs of]Uotf ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ lnO{ kf7\oqmd nfu' x'g] ldlt, k|lt
ljifosf] k"0ff{Í, plt0ff{Í, k/LIff k|0ffnL, k/LIffsf] dfWod -efiff_, k|Zgsf] cÍef/ / k/LIffsf]
;do ;d]tsf ljifox¿ ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] kf7\oqmddf lnlvt k/LIffsf] k"0ff{Í !)) ePdf
To;sf] cGtjf{tf{sf] cÍef/ @) sfod ul/g] 5 / o;kl5 lnlvt k/LIffsf] k"0ff{Ídf yk x'g]
k|To]s !)) k"0ff{Í leqsf] cÍef/df !) cÍsf b/n] yk ug'{ kg{]5 .

!$= pd]/sf] xb M -!_ k|lti7fgdf gofF lgo'lQm ubf{ pd]/sf] tNnf] / dflyNnf] xb b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5M–
-s_ ;xfos :t/ tx $ / % sf kbdf !* jif{ k"/f ePsf] / #% jif{ ggf3]sf] .
-v_ clws[t :t/ ck|fljlws kbsf] nflu @! jif{ k"/f ePsf] / #% jif{ ggf3]sf]
tyf k|fljlws kbsf] nflu @! jif{ k"/f ePsf] / $) jif{ ggf3]sf] .
-u_ clws[t:t/ cf7f}+ txsf nflu @! jif{ k"/f ePsf] / $) jif{ ggf3]sf] .
-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu pd]/sf] u0fgf ubf{ b/vf:t lbg] clGtd
ldltsf cfwf/df ul/g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg dlxnf / ckfÎsf] xsdf
pd]/sf] dflyNnf] xb $) jif{ x'g]5 .
-$_ pDd]bjf/sf] pd]/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ b]xfosf cfwf/df ul/g]5M–

-s_ k|jl] zsf k/LIff -P;= Pn= ;L=_ jf ;f] ;/xsf] k/LIff kf;
ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] kfPsf] k|df0f kqdf lsl6Psf] hGdlbgaf6
x'g cfpg] pd]/ .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

14
 -v_ k|j]lzsf k/LIff jf ;f] ;/x k/LIff kf; gePsf] sd{rf/Lsf]
xsdf lgh sd{rf/Lsf] gful/stfdf n]lvPsf] hGd ldltaf6
x'g cfpg] pd]/.Æ
-%_k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfsf] clws[t låtLo >]0fLsf] kbdf x'g] v'Nnf
k|ltof]lutfsf] lj1fkgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf
ePsf] / s'g} ;/sf/L ;]jf jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt ePsf] ;+ul7t
;+:yf jf cGt/fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yfdf clws[t:t/ jf ;f] ;/xsf] kbdf sDtLdf
% jif{ sfo{ u/]sf] cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .Æ

!%= pDd]bjf/ x'gsf] nflu cof]Uotf M -!_ b]xfosf JolQmx? k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfsf] kbdf pDd]bjf/
x'g ;Sg] 5}gg\ M

-s_ lgod !$ adf]lhd of]Uotf gePsf] .
-v_ eljiodf ;/sf/L jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] ;+:yfsf] ;]jfsf]
lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 a/vf:t ul/Psf] .
-u_ u}/ g]kfnL gful/s .
-3_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}Hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 s;"/bf/
7xl/Psf] .

-ª_ ljb]zL d'n'ssf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dltkq lnPsf] jf ;f]sf] nflu
cfj]bg lbPsf] .

-r_ k|lti7fg leqsf ;dfg txsf] :yfoL sd{rf/L .

!^= cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf M -!_ ljleÌ txsf kbx?sf] nflu rflxg] Go"gtd
of]Uotf cg';"rL - # df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 / o; Joj:yfdf kl/jt{g ug{ cfjZos
ePdf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsAf/f ul7t lgDg adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf lgwf{/0f ;ldltn] kbsf] sfo{
ljj/0fsf] cfwf/df cfjZos Go"gtd of]Uotf tf]ls kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/z ;lxt
;~rfns ;ldltsf] ;xdlt lng' kg]{5 .

-s_ k|zf;g ljefu / zfvfsf k|d'v .

-v_ k|fljlws zfvf jf PsfO{sf k|d'v .
-u_ ;DalGwt ljifosf] ljz]if1 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

15

!&= k|ltof]lutfsf] lsl;d / 5gf}6 M -!_ k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f k|lti7fgsf] l/Qm kbk"lt{sf
nflu lnlvt k/LIff ;lxt b]xfosf] tl/sf ckgfpg ;lsg]5M—
-s_ k|of]ufTds k/LIff -k|of]ufTds k/LIff x'g] egL pNn]v ePsf kbx¿sf]
nflu dfq_
-v_ cGtjf{tf{ /
-u_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf cGo tl/sf .
-@_ lnlvt, k|of]ufTds / cGtjf{tf{sf] c+sef/ kf7\oqmddf tf]lsP adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-#_ v'Nnf tyf cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfsf] lnlvt k/LIff nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6
;~rfng ul/g]5 .
-$_ lnlvt k/LIff nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] ;~rfng u/L cfof]uaf6 lnlvt
k/LIffsf] glthf tof/ eP kl5 tTsfn kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] glthf k|sfzg u/L cGtjf{tf{ /
k|of]ufTds k/LIffsf] ldlt tf]Sg] / clGtd glthf k|sfzg ug{] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
-%_ k|of]ufTds k/LIffsf nflu cg'';"rL–$ adf]lhdsf] kmf/fd k|of]u ug'{
kg{]5 .
-^_ lnlvt k/LIffdf k|lti7fg leqsf ;dfg txaf6 ;dfg txsf] kbdf
pDd]bjf/ x'g kfOg] 5}g .

!*= glthf k|sfzgM-!_ lnlvt k/LIffsf] glthf nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 k|fKt ePkl5 cGt/jftf{
sfo{qmd ;dfj]z u/L kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] tTsfn k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ lnlvt jf k|of]ufTds jf b'j} k/LIffaf6 cGtjf{tf{sf] nflu pDd]bjf/sf]
5gf}6 ubf{ pknAw eP;Dd l/Qm kb Ps ePdf tLg, b'O{b]lv rf/;Dd eP bf]Aa/ / ;f]eGbf
dfly htL;'s} kb eP klg 8]9L ;+Vofdf pDd]bjf/sf] gfd of]Uotfqmdfg';f/ ;dfj]z u/L
k|sfzg ug'{ kg{]5 . ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ubf{ Ps c+seGbf sd ePdf k"/} Ps c+s dfGg' kg{]5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

16
 -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd 5gf}6 ubf{ pDd]bjf/n] lnlvt k/LIff / k|of]ufTds
k/LIffdf k|To]s kq jf ljifodf sDtLdf rfln; k|ltzt c+s k|fKt u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd 5gf}6 ubf{ kl5Nnf] a/fj/ c+s k|fKt ug{]
pDd]bjf/n] k|fKt u/]sf] s"n c+s a/fa/ c+s k|fKt ug{] cGo ;a} pDd]bjf/nfO{ klg
cGtjf{tf{df ;dfj]z ug]{ u/L ug'{ kg{]5 .


!(= cGt/jftf{ ;DaGwL Joj:Yff M-!_ lnlvt k/LIffsf] glthf k|sfzg ePkl5 ;fwf/0ftof Ps
dlxgf leq cGtjf{tf{ jf k|of]ufTds k/LIff lng' kg]{5 .
-@_ cGtjf{tf{sf nflu cg';"rL–$s adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfsf] kmf/fd k|of]u ul/g]5 .
-#_ cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] cGtjf{tf{df efu lng] s'g}
pDd]bjf/;Fu gftf kg]{ ePdf cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf] To:tf] cWoIf jf ;b:on] pQm lj1fkgsf]
cGtjf{tf{df a:g x'Fb}g. ;f] gftf leq k/]sf] s'/f glthf k|sfzg x'g' eGbf cl3 k|dfl0ft
ePdf ;f] cGtjf{tf{stf{n] k|bfg u/]sf] c+s u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
-$_ cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf] k|To]s ;b:onfO{ cGtjf{tf{ x'g] kbsf] ljj/0f, kf7\oqmd
/ pDd]bjf/sf] JolQmut ljj/0f pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ cGtjf{tf{df k"0ff{+ssf] ;Q/L k|ltzt eGbf a9L jf rfnL; k|ltzt eGbf
36L c+s lbg' k/]df ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfpg' kg]{5 . o;/L sf/0f gv'nfO{ cGt/jftf{ ;ldltsf
krf; k|ltzt ;b:on] clwstd eGbf a9L jf Go"gtd eGbf 36L c+s lbPsf]df a9Ldf
;Q/L k|ltzt / 36Ldf rfnL; k|ltzt c+s lbPsf] dfgL u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-^_ lnlvt k/LIffsf] k"0ff{Í !)) ePdf cGtjf{tf{sf] c+sef/ @) / To;kl5sf]
yk k|To]s !)) k"0ff{Ísf] nflu yk !) c+ssf b/n] c+sef/ sfod ul/g]5 .

!(s=k|of]ufTds k/LIff / cGtjf{tf{M -!_ lnlvt k/LIffaf6 5gf}6 ePsf pDd]bjf/nfO{ dfq
k|of]ufTds k/LIff jf cGtjf{tf{df ;dfj]z u/fOg] 5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|of]ufTds k/LIff / cGtjf{tf{ kbk"lt{{ ;ldltn] lng]5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

17
 -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] cGtjf{tf{ lnbf kbk"lt{{ ;ldltn] kb;Fu ;DalGwt
ljz]if1nfO{ uf]Ko ?kdf cfdGq0f ug]{5 .
-$_ kbk"lt{ x'g] kbeGbf tNnf] txsf] clws[t kbk"lt{ ;ldltdf /xg] 5}g .

!(v=clu|d jf 5'6 cGtjf{tf{ lng ;lsg]M-!_ lnlvt jf k|of]ufTds k/LIffsf] k|sflzt glthfdf
;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} pDd]bjf/n] dgfl;j sf/0f hgfO{ cGtjf{tf{sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ldlteGbf
cufl8 g} cGtjf{tf{ lnO lbg ;f]sf] sf/0f pNn]v u/L lgj]bg lbPdf / lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f
dgfl;j b]lvPdf kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] To:tf] JolQmsf] nflu clu|d cGtjf{tf{ lng] Joj:yf ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ s'g} pDd]bjf/n] b]xfosf] cj:yf k/L cGtjf{tf{sf] nflu lgwf{/0f ePsf]
ldlt / ;dodf pkl:yt x'g g;s]df ;f]sf] k|df0f ;lxt cGtjf{tf{sf nflu tf]lsPsf] ldltn]
lsl/of a:g' k/]sf] xsdf kGw| lbg / cGo cj:yfsf] xsdf ;ft lbgleq lgj]bg lbPdf
kbk"lt{ ;ldltn]] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;j b]v]df 5'6 cGtjf{tf{ lng] Joj:yf ug{;Sg]5 M–

-s_ sfa' aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/]df,

-v_ lsl/of a:g' k/]df,
-u_ ;'Ts]/L ePdf,
-3_ cGtjf{tf{df pkl:yt x'g g;Sg] u/L cfsl:ds la/fdL ePsf] k|dfl0ft
ePdf .
-#_ cGtjf{tf{ x'g] lbg v6fPsf] sd{rf/Ln] pDd]bjf/af6 k]z ePsf] k|dfl0ft
sfuhftsf] ;Ssn k|tL;Fu le8fpg] / k|j]zkq hfFr u/L xflh/ ;d]t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-$_ z}lIfs of]Uotf, pd]/, gful/stf, cg'ej cflb 9f+F6]sf] b]lvPdf To:tf]
pDd]bjf/nfO{ cGtjf{tf{df ;dfj]z u/fOg] 5}g / lghsf] b/vf:t kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] /2 ug{
;Sg]5 .
-%_ cGtjf{tf{ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf kbk"lt{{ ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

18

!(u=cGtjf{tf{ lnbf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿M cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf cWoIf, lj1 / ;b:on] cGtjf{tf{sf
;DaGwdf b]xfosf] s'/fdf Wofg lbg' kg]{5 M–

-s_ k|Zg s;af6 ;'? u/L s;af6 cGTo ug]{, pDd]bjf/sf] ;do s] slt lng] / d"Nof+sg
s;/L ug]{af/] cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf] cWoIfaf6 ;a} ;b:odf k|i6 ug]{,
-v_ cGtjf{tf{ lbg] JolQmsf] pko'Qmtf jf cg'ko'Qmtfaf/] cGtjf{tf{ k"j{, cGtjf{tf{sf]
qmddf jf cGtjf{tf{ kZrft\ Ps cfk;df rrf{ gug]{,
-u_ pDd]bjf/ cGtjf{tf{ sIfdf k|j]z u/]kl5 lghsf] eo, tgfj cflbnfO{ ;fdfGo l:yltdf
Nofpg cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf cWoIfaf6 lrghfgsf ;fy;fy} ;xh jftfj/0fsf ljifodf
k|Zgx¿ s]lGb|t ug]{,
-3_ cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf cWoIfn] pDd]bjf/nfO{ k|f/Dedf k|j]zfTds k|Zg ;f]Wg] / To;kl5
kfn}kfnf] cGo ;b:ox¿n] ljifo k|j]z ug]{,
-ª_ cGtjf{tf{ lnOg] kbsf] ;a} pDd]bjf/x¿nfO{ ;f]lwg] k|Zgsf] :t/ ;dfg ug]{,
-r_ cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf s'g} Ps ;b:on] k|Zg ;f]Wbf To;sf] hjfkm af/] cGo ;b:on]
;d]t Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg],
-5_ cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf cWoIfn] cGtjf{tf{ sfo{qmdsf] ;du| d"Nof+sg u/L cfjZos ePdf
k|lqmof ;DaGwdf ;'emfj ug]{,
-h_ cGtjf{tf{df k"0f{tM df}lns, j:t'ut k|Zg u/L k"jf{u|x/lxt tj/n] d"Nof+sg ug]{,
-em_ cGtjf{tf{ cjlwe/ ;a} ;+nUg ;b:ox¿sf] Wofg cGtjf{tf{d} s]lGb|t ug]{, cGtjf{tf{
cjlwe/ cGtjf{tf{stf{n] klqsf jf k':ts k9\g] h:tf s'g} c;fGble{s sfo{ gug]{,
-`_ cGtjf{tf{df eP u/]sf kIfx¿af/] cGtjf{tf{ kZrft\ klg rrf{, kl/rrf{ gug]{, /
-6_ cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf cWoIfn] cGtjf{tf{ ;ldltsf cGo ;b:ox¿sf] ;xdltd}
pDd]bjf/nfO{ wGojfb lbO{ cGtjf{tf{ ;lsPsf] ;+s]t ug]{ .

@)= of]Uotfqmd tyf l;kmfl/z M -!_ k/LIffsf] ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmof ;dfKt ePsf] ;ft lbgleq b]xfodf
plNnlvt c+s hf]8L of]Uotfqmd ;"rL tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ lnlvt k/LIffsf] k|fKtf+s,
-v_ k|of]ufTds tyf ;f] afx]s cGo k/LIff x'g]df To:tf k/LIffdf k|fKt u/]sf] c+s,


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

19
 -u_ cGtjf{tf{sf] cf}ift c+s .
-@_ of]Uotfqmd ;"rL tof/ ug{sf] nflu pDd]bjf/n] k|fKt u/]sf] cÍ tflnsfsf]
l;naGbL vfd vf]Nbf ;f]sf] d'r'Nsf u/L ldlt / ;do ;d]t pNn]v u/L clwsf/ k|fKt
clwsf/Laf6 :jLs[t u/fP/ dfq vf]Ng' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd of]Uotfqmdsf] ;"rL tof/ ubf{ pDd]bjf/x¿sf] s'n
k|fKtfÍ a/fa/ ePdf b]xfosf cfwf/df of]Uotfqmd sfod ug'{ kg]{5 M–

-s_ lnlvt k/LIff x'g]df lnlvt k/LIffsf] k|fKtfÍsf cfwf/df,

-v_ lnlvt k/LIff / k|of]ufTds k/LIff x'g]df v08 -s_ adf]lhd of]Uotfqmd
g5'l§Pdf k|of]ufTds k/LIffsf] k|fKtfÍsf cfwf/df,
-u_ v08 -v_ adf]lhd klg pDd]bjf/sf] of]Uotfqmd g5'l§Pdf cGtjf{tf{sf]
k|fKtfÍsf cfwf/df,
-3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhd klg pDd]bjf/sf] of]Uotfqmd g5'l§Pdf ;DjlGwt kbsf]
;]jf k|j]zsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|fKtfÍsf] k|ltztsf]
cfwf/df,
-ª_ v08 -3_ adf]lhd klg pDd]bjf/x¿sf] of]Uotfqmd g5'l§Pdf lj1fkg ul/Psf]
kbeGbf Ps tx d'lgsf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] Joxf]/f b/vf:t kmf/fddf pNn]v
u/]sf] eP To:tf] kbsf] h]i7tfsf cfwf/df,
-r_ v08 -ª_ adf]lhd klg pDd]bjf/x¿sf] of]Uotfqmd g5'l§Pdf pd]/sf]
Ho]i7tfsf cfwf/df .
-$_ of]Uotfqmdsf] ;"rL k|sfzg ubf{ klxnf] lj1fkg / lj1fkg leqsf] ;dfj]zL
;d"xsf] qmdfg';f/ of]Uotfqmd ;"rL klxn] k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
t/ klxn] k|sflzt lj1fkg jf lj1fkg leqsf] ;dfj]zL ;d"xsf] qmdfg';f/sf]
cË k"/f eO;s]sf] /x]g5 eg] qmdzM ;f] qmd kl5sf] cË k'u]sf lj1fkgx¿ jf lj1fkg
leqsf] ;dfj]zL ;d"xsf] qmdfg';f/sf] of]Uotfqmd ;"rL k|sfzg ug{ afwf kg]{5}g .
-%_ pklgod -#_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg
s'g} pDd]bjf/ ;dfg >]0fL÷txsf Ps eGbf a9L lj1fkgdf lnlvt k/LIffaf6 pQL0f{
ePsf]df kl5Nnf] qmddf /x]sf] lj1fkgsf] cË k"/f ePtfklg klxn] cGtjf{tf{ ;DkGg

20
 ePsf] lj1fkgsf] of]Uotfqmd k|sflzt geP;Dd To:tf] lj1fkgsf] of]Uotfqmd k|sfzg
ul/g] 5}g .
-^_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd of]Uotfqmdsf] ;"rL k|sfzg ubf{ Pp6} k/LIffsf]
dfWodaf6 l;kmfl/; x'g] v'nf tyf ;dfj]zL ;d"xsf pDd]bjf/n] k|fKt u/]sf] s"n c+ssf]
cfwf/df Psd'i6 of]Uotfqmd ;"rL ;d]t tof/ u/L k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ clGtd glthf k|sfzg ubf{ ;dfg:t/sf] PseGbf a9L kbsf] k/LIffdf
pQL0f{ x'g] pDd]bjf/nfO{ bf]xf]/f] gkg]{ u/L klxn] glthf k|sfzg x'g] Ps kbdf dfq ;dfj]z
ul/g]5 .

@!= k|tLIff ;"rLM lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uotfqmd k|sfzg ubf{ l/Qm kbsf] cg'kftdf kRrL; k|ltzt
jf sDtLdf b'O{ hgf;Dd pDd]bjf/sf] gfd of]Uotfqmdfg';f/ a}slNks pDd]bjf/sf] ?kdf
k|tLIff ;"rLdf ;dfj]z u/L k|sfzg ug'{kg]{5 . o:tf] ;"lrsf] Dofb ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf]
ldltn] Ps aif{;Dd dfq /xg]5 .
t/ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] cfjZos 7fg]df cGtjf{tf{df ;lDdlnt ePsf ;a} pDd]bjf/nfO{ k|tLIff
;"rLdf /fVg afwf kg]{5}g

@@= lgo'lQm M -!_ l/Qm kbdf l;kmfl/; ePsf] JolQmnfO{ l;kmfl/; ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbg leq
lgo'lQm lbg] clwsf/Ln] lgo'lQm kq lbO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 .

-@_ lgo'lQmsf nflu l;kmfl/;sf] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] k}+lt; lbg
;Dd klg pDd]bjf/n] lgo'lQm kq lng gcfPdf jf lgo'lQm kq lnO{ kGw| lbg leq
sfof{nodf s'g} ;Dks{ g/fvL xflh/ gePdf lgo'lQmkq lng cfpg' jf xflh/ x'g hfg' egL
kGw| lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ s'g} /fli6«o:t/sf] klqsfdf / k|lti7fgsf] j]e ;fO{6df ;"rgf k|sfzg
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] ;"rgfsf] Dofb leq lgo'lQm lng gcfPdf jf
xflh/ x'g guPdf jf lgo'lQm lnO{ /flhgfdf lbPsf] jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] Ps jif{ leq
To:tf] kb k"lt{ x'g g;s]df jf l/Qm x'g cfPdf To;/L l/Qm ePsf] kbdf j}slNks


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

21
 pDd]bjf/sf] ;"rLdf /x]sf pDd]jf/af6 of]Uotfqmsf] k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf]
l;kmfl/;df lgo'lQm lbg' kg{]5 . Æ

@#= lgo'lQm lbg] clwsf/L M kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zdf clws[t :t/sf] nflu ;ldltn] /
;xfos :t/sf] nflu sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs jf lghn] tf]s]sf] clws[taf6 lgo'lQm lbOg]5 .
@$= kl/If0f sfn M -!_ ;a} txsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ klxnf] k6s :yfoL lgo'lQm lb+bf 5 dlxgf
;Dd kl/If0f sfndf /flvg]5 . kl/If0f sfndf /x]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;Gtf]ifhgs
g/x]df lgo'lQm lbg] clwsf/Ln] ======================== lghnfO{ x6fpg ;Sg]5 .

@%= lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0fkq k]z ug'{ kg]{ M kbk"lt{ ;ldltaf6 z'? lgo'lQmsf nflu l;kmfl/z ePsf
pDd]bjf/n] cg';"rL- ^ adf]lhdsf] lg/f]lutfsf] k|dfkq k]z gu/L lghnfO{ k|lti7fgsf] kbdf
lgo'lQm ul/g] 5}g .
@^= zky u|x0f M lgod @@ adf]lhd lgo'lQm x'g] s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] cg';"rL - & adf]lhd
zky u|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 . o:tf] zky u|x0f sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] u/fpg]5 . sfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf]
xsdf ;ldltsf] cWoIfn] u/fpg]5 .
@&= j}olQms ljj/0f kmf/fd M -!_ of] lgodfjnL k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] k|lti7fgdf sfo{/t ;a}
sd{rf/Ln] Ps dlxgf leq / gofF lgo'lQm x'g] sd{rf/Ln] lgo'lQm ePsf] Ps dlxgf leq
cg';"rL - * adf]lhd j}olQms ljj/0f el/;Sg'kg]{5 . pQm Dofb leq klg j}olQms ljj/0f
geg]{ sd{rf/Lx?sf] tna /f]Ssf ul/g]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd btf{sf] nflu k|fKt x'g cfPsf] sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms
ljj/0f k|zf;g zfvfn] btf{ ul/ To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] hGd ldlt / lgod &! adf]lhd
clgjfo{ cjsfz x'g] ldlt ;d]t ls6fg u/L j}olQms ljj/0f k|dfl0ft ul/ /fVg' kg]{5 .
o;/L hGd ldlt / pd]/ k|dfl0ft ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu k|zf;g zfvfn] cfjZos k/]df
;DalGwt sd{rf/L;+u z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] ;Ssn k|df0fkq ;d]t k]z ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] j}olQms ljj/0fdf s'g} ljj/0f ;dfj]z ug'{ k/]df
To:tf] ljj/0f k|zf;g zfvfdf a'emfpg' kg]{5 / To;/L k|fKt ljj/0f k|zf;g zfvfn]
;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] j}olQms ljj/0fdf ;dfj]z u/L ;f] sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt
sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg'kg]{5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f lemlsPsf] .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

22
@*= gf]s/L cjlwsf] u0fgf M -!_ lgod #) sf] a9'jf k|of]hgdf afx]s cjsfz, pkbfg, pkrf/
vr{ tyf cGo k|of]hgsf] nflu gf]s/L cjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ k|lti7fgsf] :yfoL kbdf c:yfoL lgo'lQm
e} sfo{ u/]sf] / ;]jf g6'6fO{ ;f]xL kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm ePdf To:tf] c:yfoL ;]jf cjlwnfO{
ztk|ltztg} u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-@_ a9'jf k|of]hgsf] nflu Ho]i7tf u0fgf ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /
k|lti7fgsf] c6'6 :yfoL ;]jf u/]sf] cjlwnfO{ zt k|ltzt tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /
k|lti7fgsf] ;]jf cljl5Gg /fvL :yfoL lgo'lQm ePdf jf :yfoL ;]jfsf] kbdf Ps jif{ eGbf
a9L cjlw ;Dd c:yfoL eO{ ;]jf g6'6fO{ k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfdf :yfoL lgo'lQm ePdf To:tf]
;]jf cjlw b]xfo adf]lhd u0fgf ug'{ kg]{5 .

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf jf

k|lti7fgsf] clws[t :t/sf] bzf}+ jf ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] txdf u/]sf]
;]jf cjlwsf] t]QL; k|ltzt .
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfsf] cGo /fhkqf+lst clws[t :t/sf] s'g} >]0fLsf]
jf k|lti7fgsf] clws[t :t/sf] s'g} txsf] kbdf u/]sf] ;]jf
cjlwsf] 5};7[L k|ltzt .
-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfsf] /fhkq cg+lst s'g} >]0fLsf] jf k|lti7fgsf]
;xfos :t/sf] s'g} txsf] kbdf u/]sf] ;]jf cjlwsf] krxQ/
k|ltzt.
kl/R5]b – $
;?jf / a9'jf
@( = ;?jf M sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/LnfO{ sfdsf] k|s[lt ldNg] u/L Ps
zfvfaf6 csf]{ zfvfdf ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
#) = a9'jfsf] nflu x'g rflxg] Go"gtd ;]jf cjlw / z}lIfs of]Uotf M -!_ sfo{Ifdtf /
cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf cfwf/df a9'jf x'gsf nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g a9'jf x'g] ;]jf,
;d"xsf] kb eGbf Ps tx d'lgsf] kbdf rf/ aif{ :yfoL ;]jf cjlw k'/f ePsf] / lgod !^
adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs of]Uotf k'u]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ:yfoL ;]jf cjlwÆ eGgfn] lgod @* sf]
pklgod -@_ adf]lhd u0fgf x'g] cjlw ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?sf]
plNnlvt ;]jf cjlwdf Ps jif{ sd ;]jf cjlw eP klg a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/
x'g]5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

23

#)s z}lIfs of]Uotf ;DjGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M lgod #) df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg of]
lgodfjnL nfu" x'g' eGbf k"j{ ;]jf k|j]z u/L ;s]sf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghx? ;]jf k|j]z
ubf{ tf]lsPsf] z}lIfs of]UotfnfO{ Pstx a9'jf k|of]hgsf nflu Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf
dflgg]5 .

#!= sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍgsf cfwf/df x'g] a9'jfsf cfwf/ M -!_ kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] k|lti7fgsf
sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{Ifdtf jfkt kfPsf] s"n c+ssf] cfwf/df a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{5 .

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"NofÍg ubf{ b]xfosf cfwf/df k|fKt
u/]sf] s"n c+s jfkt a9Ldf Ps;o c+s k|bfg ul/g]5 M–

-s_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg jfkt –krf; c+s

-v_ xfnsf] txsf] Ho]i7tf jfkt –tL; c+s
-u_ z}lIfs of]Uotf jfkt –kGw| c+s
-3_ tfnLd jfkt –kfFr c+s
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf cfwf/af6 ;j} eGbf a9L c+s k|fKt ug]{
sd{rf/LnfO{ klxn] a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ug'{ kg{]5 .

-$_ sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nof+sg ubf{ ;dfg c+s k|fKt ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lgod
#^ adf]lhdsf] Ho]i7tfsf] ;"rLsf cfwf/df Ho]i7 sd{rf/LnfO{ a9'jf ul/g]5 .

#@= cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f a9'jfM -!_ cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffåf/f a9'jfsf
nflu lnlvt k/LIff ;lxt lgod !& adf]lhdsf cGo tl/sf, kf7\oqmd / c+sef/ kbk"lt{
;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ;ldltn] l:js[t u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]uaf6 ;~rflnt lnlvt k/LIffsf] c+s / cGt/jftf{ /
k|of]ufTds k/LIff x'g]df ;f] ;d]tsf] c+s hf]8L ;j} eGbf a9L c+s k|fKt ug]{ pDd]bjf/nfO{
of]Uotfqmdsf cfwf/df l/Qm kb;+Vof cg';f/ cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds a9'jfsf] l;kmfl/;
ug'{ kg]{5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

24
 -#_ o; lgod adf]lhdsf] a9'jfsf nflu ;DalGwt ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"x leq
kg]{ Ps tx d'lgsf] kbdf sfo{/t lgod #) adf]lhdsf] ;]jf cjlw / lgod !^ adf]lhdsf]
z}lIfs of]Uotf k'u]sf k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/L pDd]bjf/ x'g ;Sg]5g\ .

##= sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg M -!_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] nflu k|of]u
ul/g] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd / ;f] ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf cg';"lr – ( df pNn]v eP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-@_ sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] Df"NofÍg jfktsf] s"n cÍsf] ljefhg b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ ;'kl/j]Ifsn] lbg ;Sg] clwstd –k+}lt; cÍ .
-v_ k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] lbg ;Sg] clwstd –bz cÍ .
-u_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] lbg;Sg] clwstd –kfFr cÍ .Æ

-#_ clws[t sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf d"NofÍg ul/g] sd{rf/L eGbf sDtLdf Ps tx

dflysf ;DalGwt clws[t sd{rf/L lghsf] ;'kl/j]Ifs x'g]5 . ;xfos :t/sf] xsdf
sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;+u ;DalGwt lgs6td dflyNnf] txsf] clws[t ;'kl/j]Ifs x'g]5 .
;'kl/j]Ifs eGbf Ps tx dflysf] ;DalGwt sd{rf/L k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ x'g]5 .

-$_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs – cWoIf
-v_ ;DalGwt k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ – ;b:o
-u_ ;DalGwt;'k/Lj]Ifs – ;b:o

t/ k|lti7fgsf] ;j}eGbf dflyNnf] txsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;'k/Lj]Ifs sfo{sf/L

lgb]{zs ePsf] cj:yfdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] nflu sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs g}
;'k/Lj]Ifs tyf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ x'g]5 / k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt b]xfo jdf]lhd x'g]5 M–

-s_ ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] ;lrj - cWoIf

-v_ dGqfnosf];lrjn] tf]s]sf] dGqfnosf]
/fhkqfls+t k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[t - ;b:o


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

25
 -%_ ;'kl/j]Ifssf] dflyNnf] txsf] clws[t sd{rf/L sfo{/t gePsf] cj:yfdf
sDtLdf ;'kl/j]Ifssf] txdf sfo{/t clws[t sd{rf/Lx? dWo]af6 s'g} clws[tnfO{ sfo{sf/L
lgb]{zsn] k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] ;b:o tf]Sg' kg]{5 . o;/L ;b:o tf]Sg' kbf{ oyf;Dej
;'kl/j]Ifssf] sfd;+u ;DalGwt lgs6td clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsg]5 .
-^_ ;'kl/j]Ifs k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ / k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] k|lti7fgsf
sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg jfkt cÍ lb+bf o; lgod / sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf
pNn]lvt cfwf/ cg'?k lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg Pp6f cfly{s jif{nfO{ Pp6f cjlw dfg]/ ul/g]5 .

-&s_ k|To]s sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd e/L lgod ##s sf]
pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;dofjlw leq k|lti7fgdf btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 . To:tf] cjlw leq btf{
ug{ g;s]df ;f]sf] dgfl;a sf/0f ;lxt Dofb yksf] nflu ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] lgj]bg
lbPdf / ;'kl/j]Ifsn] lgj]bgdf plNnlvt sf/0f dgfl;j b]v]df tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlw ;dfKt
ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbg;Ddsf] Dofb yk ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L ylkPsf] Dofbkl5 ;f]xL cfly{s
jif{leq} sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd btf{ x'g cfPdf btf{ ePsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg
kmf/fddf d"NofÍg afkt s"n k|fKtf+saf6 k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] Ps cÍ 36fpg]5 .

t/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd eg]{ ;dofjlwdf s'g} sd{rf/L j}b]lzs

tfnLd, uf]i7L jf cWoog e|d0f cflbdf sfhdf hfg' kg]{ cj:yf k/]df To;/L hfg' eGbf
cufj} sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd e/L btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . To;/L btf{ ePsf] sfo{
;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdnfO{ lgwf{l/t ;dodf btf{ ePsf] dfgL d"NofÍg ug'{ kg]{5 .

-&v_ sd{rf/Ln] ;dodf g} e/L btf{ u/]sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd
lgod ##s sf] pklgod -@_ / -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq d"NofÍg gug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{
ljefuLo sf/jfxL ul/g]5 .

-&u_ jflif{s ?kdf ul/g] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg jfkt ;'kl/j]Ifs jf
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] (% k|ltzt eGbf j9L jf &% k|ltzt eGbf sd cÍ k|bfg u/]sf]df ;f]sf]
:ki6 sf/0f v'nfpg' k5{ / &% k|ltzt eGbf sd cÍ lbPsf]df ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{
hfgsf/L u/fO{ lghn] k|ltlqmof lbPdf ;f] ;d]t /fvL k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{
kg]{5 . sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltnfO{ ;'kl/j]Ifs jf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf
b'j}sf] ;f] d"NofÍg lrQ ga'em]df ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f ;d]t v'nfO{ lkmtf{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
To;/L lkmtf{ k7fPsf]df ;DalGwt d"NofÍgstf{n] k'gM d"NofÍg u/L jf klxn] u/]sf]
d"NofÍgdf ;+zf]wg ug{ cfjZos geP ;f]sf] cf}lrTok"0f{ sf/0f v'nfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

26
 
-*_ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ cÍ u0fgf ubf{ a9'jfsf]
nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g hlt jif{sf] ;]jf cfjZos kg]{ xf] kl5Nnf] Tolt jif{sf] sfo{
;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdsf] cf};taf6 lx;fj ul/g]5 .
t/,
-s_ cWoog jf tfnLddf uPsf] jf lgnDjg eO{ lgnDjg k'ms'jf ePsf]df
lgnDjg cjlwsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg jfkt To:tf] cWoog jf
tfnLddf hfg' eGbf jf lgnDjg x'g' eGbf tTsfn cl3sf] sfo{;Dkfbg
d"NofÍg ePdf ;f]xL jif{sf] / To:tf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg gePdf xflh/
ePkl5 e/]sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf hlt cÍ kfPsf] 5 ;f]xL
cg'kftdfg} cÍ u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-v_ c;fwf/0f labfdf a;]sf] cjlwnfO{ s6fP/ dfq} ;DefJo pDd]bjf/Lsf]
lx;fj ul/g]5 / To:tf] labf cjlwsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd
el/g] 5}g . c;fwf/0f ljbfdf j;]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf]
k|of]hgsf] lgldQ cÍ u0fgf ubf{{ c;fwf/0f ljbfdf j;]sf] cjlw s6fO{
;f] eGbf cufl8 jf k5fl8sf jif{x?sf a9'jfsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{
cjlwsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg jfktsf] cÍ u0fgf ul/g]5 .

-(_ ;DefJo pDd]bjf/sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg jfkt cÍ u0fgf ubf{ cfiff9
d;fGt;Ddsf] lx;fan] / cGo cÍsf] c0fgf ubf{ b/vf:t lbg] clGtd Dofb;Ddsf] dfq
u0fgf ul/g]5 .

##s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{ cjlw M -!_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s jif{ >fj0f ;ftut] leq
cfˆgf] jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd e/L k|lti7fgdf btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd btf{ e} cfPsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd
;'k/Lj]Ifsn] >fj0f d;fGtleq d"NofÍg u/L k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;dIf k]z u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 .
-#_ k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] sfo{;Dkfbg
d"NofÍg kmf/fd efb| !% ut] leq k'g/fjnf]sg u/L k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf j'emfO{ ;Sg'
kg]{5 . k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] efb| d;fGtleq k'g/fjnf]sg u/L;Sg' kg]{5 .
-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/dsf] d"Nof+sg ;DkGg
eO ;s]kl5 k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] l;njGbL vfdsf] jGb jGbdf b:tvt u/L
k|dfl0ft u/L Ps k|lt k|zf;g zfvfdf / Ps k|lt kbk"lt{ ;ldltdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .


klxnf ;++zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

27
 -%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd kbk"lt{ ;ldltdf k|fKt ePsf] l;njGbL vfddf
kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf ;b:ox?sf] ;d]t jGb jGbdf b:tvt u/L u/fO{ uf]klgotfsf ;fy
;'/lIft /fVg' kg]{5 .
-^_ ;do leq s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd k]z x'g jf bflvn
x'g gcfPsf] sf/0fn] kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] cfˆgf] sfd sf/jfxL /f]Sg jfWo x'g] 5}g .
-&_ lgod ## sf] pklgod -&s_ adf]lhd Dofb yk ug]{ ;do kl5
sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd btf{ ubf{ pQm cfly{s jif{ leq btf{ ul/;Sg' kg]{5 . ;f] cfly{s
jif{ kl5 sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd btf{ ePdf To:tf] kmf/fdnfO{ dfGotf lbO{g] 5}g .
-*_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] s'g} jif{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/d ge/]df To;
cfly{s jif{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg jfkt lghnfO{ ;f] cfly{s jif{sf] nflu k"0ff{Ísf] krf;
k|ltzt cÍ lbO{g]5 .
-(_ pklgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg sd{rf/Ln]
;dofjlwleq cfˆgf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd btf{ u/L ;'k/Lj]Ifs ;dIf k]z u/]sf] t/
;DalGwt d"NofÍgstf{x¿af6 ;dofjlw leq d"NofÍg ePsf] /x]g5 eg] sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn]
plrt / dgfl;j sf/0f v'nfO{ axfnjfnf d"NofÍgstf{af6 d"NofÍg u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
-!)_ sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug{sf] nflu k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf]
a}7s /fVg] lhDd]jf/L sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs / sd{rf/L k|zf;g x]g]{ k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .

##v sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{ cfwf/x? M -!_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{
qmddf ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] b]xfosf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg ug'[{kg]{5 M

-s_ labf :jLs[t gu/fO{ jf labfsf] cfj]bg glbO{ nuftf/ tL; lbg eGbf
a9L cg'kl:yt ePsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ clt pQd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{
a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg],
-v_ gl;xt kfPsf] jf u|]8 /f]Ssf jf a9'jf /f]Ssfsf] ;hfo kfPsf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] ;hfo kfPsf] jif{df sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL
cfwf/df clt pQd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg],


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

28
 -u_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mn] lnPsf] k]ZsL /sd sfa' jflx/sf] kl/l:ylt
k/]sf] elg k|lti7fgaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s c?
cj:yfdf g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg cfly{s
k|zf;g ;DjGwL lgodfjnL, @)^# sf] cwLgdf /xL 5 dlxgf leq
km5\of}6{ gu/fPsf] ePdf sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df clt
pQd :t/sf cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg],
-3_ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs afx]ssf kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Ln] ug'{ kg]{ sfdsf]
nIosf] krf; k|ltzt k"/f ug{ g;Sg] To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] d"NofÍgdf
sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df clt pQd :t/sf cÍ glbO{
a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg],
t/ v08 -3_ tf]s]sf] nIo ;DjlGwt sd{rf/Lsf] sf/0fn] geO{
cGo sf/0fn] k"/f x'g g;s]df cÍ 36fO{g] 5}g .
-ª_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]sf] k|df0f ePdf sfdsf] ;du|
u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df clt pQd :t/sf cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd
:t/sf] cÍ lbg],
-r_ lgod ##s sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq sfo{ ;Dkfbg
d"NofÍg kmf/fd geg]{ / Dofb leq sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg gug]{
sd{rf/LnfO{ sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df clt pQd
:t/sf cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg] .

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf sf/0f ljBdfg x'Fbfx'Fb} ;f] adf]lhdsf] cÍ

g36fPsf] b]lvPdf To:tf d"NofÍgstf{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf Ps cÍ 36fO{g]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cÍ 36fpg' kg]{ ePdf klg ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f
pNn]v ug'\{ kg]{5 .

#$= Ho]i7tfsf] cÍ u0fgf M Ho]i7tf jfktsf] cÍ u0fgf ubf{ xfnsf] kbdf sfd u/]sf]
k|To]s jif{sf] nflu tLg cÍsf b/n] a9Ldf tL; cÍ k|bfg ul/g]5 .


t/,
-s_
Ho]i7tf jfkt cÍ u0fgf ubf{ Ps jif{ eGbf a9L rfgr'g dlxgf jf
lbgsf] nflu bfdf;fxLn] cÍ lbO{g]5 .
-v_ o; k|of]hgsf] nflu c;fwf/0f tyf j]tnaL labfdf a;]sf] cjlw tyf
uon s6[Lsf] cjlwsf] cÍ lbOg] 5}g .

#%= z}lIfs of]Uotf / tflndsf] d"NofÍg-!_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] cÍ
lb+bf k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfsf] s'g} klg kbdf k|j]z ug{ cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf /
;f] eGbf dflysf] ;DalGwt ljifosf] Ps cltl/Qm z}lIfs pkflw jfktsf] cÍ lbO{g]5 .
z}lIfs of]Uotf jfkt kGw| cÍdf ga9\g] u/L b]xfo adf]lhd cÍ lbO{g]5 M–


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

29
 -s_ ;]jf k|j]zsf] lgldQ tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf jfkt Psd'i7
bz c+s .
-v_ ;]jf k|j]zsf] lgldQ tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf eGbf dflysf]
;DalGwt ljifosf] s'g} Ps cltl/Qm z}lIfs pkflw jfkt Psd'i7
kfFr c+s .
-@_ ;]jf k|j]zsf] lgldQ rflxg] z}lIfs of]Uotf eGbf dflyNnf] pkflw dfq
kfPsf] k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/LnfO{ pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_ / -v_ df pNn]v ePsf] b'j}
cÍ lbO{g]5 .
-#_ ;]jfsfnLg tfnLd jfkt k|yd >]0fLsf] nflu % cÍ, låtLo >]0fLsf] nflu
$ cÍ / t[tLo >]0fLsf] nflu # cÍ lbO{g]5 . >]0fL gv'n]sf] tfnLd jfkt cÍ lb+bf låtLo
>]0fL ;/xsf] cÍ lbO{g]5 . o:tf] tfnLd jfkt cÍ lbObf :jb]z jf ljb]zL jfkt Pp6f
dfq tfnLdsf] lgldQ cÍ lbOg]5 .
-$_k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/LnfO{ tfnLdsf] cÍ lb+bf tL; sfo{ lbg jf ;f]
eGbf a9L cjlwsf] ;]jf;+u ;DalGwt ljifosf] ;]jfsfnLg tfnLd jfkt cÍ lbOg]5 .
tfnLdsf] cÍ u0fgf ubf{ h'g txdf 5+bf tfnLdsf] nflu dgf]gog ePsf] xf] ;f] cÍ
;f]xL txsf] nflu dfq u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-%_k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] z}lIfs of]Uotf / ;]jfsfnLg tfnLdsf] k|df0fkqsf]
k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . ;f] k]z gu/]df To; jfkt cÍ lbOg] 5}g .

#^= Ho]i7tfqmdsf] ;"rL M -!_k|lti7fgsf] l/Qm kbdf a9'jf ubf{ xfnsf] kbsf] txdf lgo'lQm jf
a9'jf ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] Ho]i7tfqmdsf] ;"rL agfO{ ;f]sf] hfgsf/L
sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ lbg' kg]{5 / ;f] ;"rL agfpFbf Ho]i7tfsf] ldlt Pp6} ePdf b]xfosf cfwf/df
Ho]i7tfqmd tof/ ug'{kg]{5 M–
-s_ xfn axfn /x]sf] txsf] kbdf v'Nnfaf6 lgo'lQm ePsf] eP xflh/ ePsf]
ldltsf] jf a9'jf ePsf] eP a9'jf lg0f{o ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd Ho]i7tf g5'l6Pdf ;f]eGbf Ps tx d'lgsf] kbdf lgo'lSt
jf a9'jf lg0f{o ePsf] ldltsf] cfwf/df,


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

30
 -u_ v08 -s_ / -v_ df pNn]lvt s'g} klg cfwf/af6 Ho]i7tf g5'l6Pdf kbk"lt{
;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;sf] of]Uotfqmdsf] cfwf/df .
t/ kbk"lt{ ;ldltaf6 v'nf k|ltof]lutf / a9'jf k|ltof]lutfsf] Ps} ldltdf
l;kmfl/; k|fKt ePsf] /x]5 eg] v'nf k|ltof]lutfaf6 l;kmfl/; ePsf]
sd{rf/Lsf] Ho]i7tf sfod ul/g]5 .
-3_ v08 -u_ adf]lhd klg Ho]i7tf g5'l§Pdf pd]/sf] Ho]i7tfsf cfwf/df .
-@_ Ho]i7tf u0fgf ubf{ lgod @* sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw ;d]t
u0fgf ul/g]5 .

#&= a9'jfsf] nflu ;DefJo pDd]bjf/ x'g gkfpg] M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf s'g} klg sd{rf/L a9'jfsf]
nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] 5}g M–
-s_ gl;xt kfPsf]df gl;xt kfPsf] ldltn] Ps jif{;Dd .
-v_ lgnDjg ePsf]df lgnDjg ePsf] cjlwe/ .
-u_ a9'jf /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/ .
-3_ tna a[lå /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/ .

-ª_ kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf y'gfdf /x]sf]df y'gfdf /x]sf] cjlwe/ .


#&s a9'jf lgo'lQmsf] /f]Ssf tyf k'ms'jf M s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/; eO{ ;s]kl5
a9'jf lgo'lQm gkfpGh]n lgnDag jf a9'jf /f]Ssf jf tna j[l4 /f]Ssf ePdf plNnlvt
cjlwe/ lghsf] a9'jf lgo'lQm /f]Ssf ul/g]5 / lgnDjgaf6 lghn] ;kmfO{ kfPdf jf /f]Ssf
cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 lgh lgnDag jf /f]Ssf geP ;/x dfgL lgo'lQm lbO{ h]i7tfdfq
sfod ul/g]5 .

#*= ==========================

#*s ===========================
#(= a9'jf gfdfjnL k|sfzg M kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/z u/]sf sd{rf/Lsf]
gfdfjnL ;fj{hlgs ?kdf k|sflzt ug]{5 . To:tf] gfdfjnLdf ;a}eGbf Go"gtd cÍ k|fKt
ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] k|fKtf+s ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . a9'jf gfdfjnL k|sfzg ePkl5 s'g}


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f vf/]h .

31
 pDd]bjf/n] cfk"mn] kfPsf] cÍ x]g{ rfx]df sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg afx]s cGo cfwf/x?sf]
cÍ x]g{ lbg' kg]{5 .

$)= a9'jfsf ph'/L M -!_ lgod #( adf]lhd l;kmfl/z ePsf] a9'jf gfdfjnLsf] ;"rLdf gfd
;dfj]z gePsf sd{rf/Ln] ;f] a9'jf lg0f{odf lrQ ga'lem ph'/L lbg rfx]df a9'jf
gfdfjnL k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] k}+lt; lbg leq a9'jf kfpg' kg]{ :ki6 cfwf/x? ;d]t
vf]nL ;ldlt ;dIf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 .

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] ph'/L dfly ;ldltn] ph'/L k/]sf] ;f7L
lbg leq ;f] ph'/L ;DaGwdf 6'+uf] nufpg' kg]{5 . o;/L kg{ cfPsf] ph'/L 6'+uf] nfu]kl5
klxn] k|sfzlt a9'jf l;kmfl/z gfdfjnLdf ;+zf]wg ug'{ kg]{ ePdf ;f]xL cg';f/sf] ;"rgf
kbk"lt{ ;dltnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 . o; cg';f/ ;"rgf k|fKt eP kl5 k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] a9Ldf
& lbg leq kbk"lt{ ;ldltn] ;f]xL cg';f/sf] ;+zf]lwt gfdfjnL k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 . ph'/L
cfwf/lxg 7x/]df ;f] sf] sf/0f ;d]tsf] hfgsf/L ph'/jfnfnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf] ph'/L e'm7f 7xl/Pdf ph'/L kl5 x'g]
a9'jfdf To:tf] ph'/Lstf{sf] klxnf] k6ssf] ph'/L eP b'O{ cÍ / bf]>f] k6ssf] eP tLg cÍ
sfl6g]5 .

$! a9'jfsf] ldlt / lgo'lQm M -!_ lgod #( adf]lhd a9'jf gdfjnL k|sfzg eP kl5
pQm a9'jf l;kmfl/z dfly ph'/L gk/]df ;f] gfdfjnL k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] 5lQ;f}+ lbg
-ph'/L ug]{ Dofb ;lsPsf] ef]nLkN6_ sf] ldltaf6 a9'jf x'g] txsf] Ho]i7tf sfod x'g] u/L
lgo'lQm lbg kg]{5 .

-@_ a9'jf l;kmfl/z dfly lgod $) cg';f/ ph'/L k/]sf]df b]xfo cg';f/
Ho]i7tf ldlt sfod u/L lgo'lQm lbg' kg]{5 M–

-s_ lgod $) sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd a9'jf l;kmfl/z ;+zf]wg ug]{
lg0f{o ePdf ;f] adf]lhd ;+zf]lwt gfdfjnL k|sflzt ePsf] ldlt b]lv
; /
-v_ ph'/L vf/]h ePdf jf klxn]sf] a9'jf l;kmfl/zg} sfod ePdf klxnf]
k6s a9'jf l;kmfl/z k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] 5lQ;f}+ lbg b]lv .

$!s a9'jf ;DjGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg Pp6} txdf sDtLdf jfx| jif{;Dd jxfn /lx/x]sf tx gf} jf ;f] eGbf d'lgsf
sd{rf/Lsf] lgod ^* adf]lhd clgjfo{ cjsfz x'g Ps dlxgf afFsL ePdf lghnfO{ Ps
tx dflysf] kbdf a9'jf ul/g]5 .

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd a9'jf ug{sf] nflu :jtM ljz]if kb >[hgf x'g] 5 /
To:tf] sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cjsfz eP kl5 To:tf] ljz]if kb :jtM vf/]h x'g]5 .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

32

$!v :t/j[l4 ;DjGwL Joj:yf M -!_ tx !, tx @ / 8«fO{e/ kbsf] :t/j[l4 b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M–
-s_ k|yd:t/
-v_ låtLo:t/
-u_ t[tLo:t/
-3_ rt'y{:t/
-ª_ kfFrf}:t/

-@_ tx !, tx @ / 8«fO{e/ kbdf z'? lgo'lQm x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] kb k|yd:t/

sfod x'g]5 .

-#_ lgod !@)s sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ;hfosf] clen]v gePsf tx !,
tx @ / 8«fO{e/ sd{rf/LnfO{ lgo'lQm lbg] clwsf/Ln] b]xfo adf]lhd :t/j[l4 ug]{5 M–

-s_ kfFr jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L t/ bz jif{eGbf sd ;]jf cjlw ePsfnfO{
låtLo:t/ .
-v_ bz jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L t/ kGw| jif{eGbf sd ;]jf cjlw ePsfnfO{
t[tLo:t/ .
-u_ kGw|+ jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L t/ aL; jif{{eGbf sd ;]jf cjlw ePsfnfO{
rt'y{:t/ .
-3_ aL; jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;]jf cjlw ePsfnfO{ kfFrf}:t/ .

-$_ :t/j[l4 ;DjGwL cGo Joj:yf o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

kl/R5]b – %
xflh/L / labf

$@= sd{rf/Lsf] ;a} ;do k|lti7fgsf] clwgdf x'g] M o; lgodfjnLdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s
o; k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;a} ;do k|lti7fgsf] clwgdf x'g]5 / h'g;'s} ;dodf klg
lghnfO{ k|lti7fgsf] sfddf nufpg ;lsg]5 .

$#= sfof{no ;do, ;do kfng / xflh/L M -!_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] lgwf{l/t ;dodf
lgoldt ?kdf sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g' kb{5 . labfsf] :jLs[lt glnO{ sfdaf6 cg'kl:yt x'g'
x'+b}g .

:kli6s/0f M lgwf{l/t ;do" eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf tf]s]sf] ;fj{hlgs
ljbf afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgwf{l/t ;donfO{ hgfpg]5 .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

33
 -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd lgwf{l/t ;dodf sfof{nodf gcfpg] / sfof{nodf
k6s k6s l9nf] cfpg] rfF8f] hfg] tyf sfof{nosf] sfddf afx]s sfof{no ;dodf :jLs[t
glnO{ sfof{no 5f8\g] sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] uon s§L ug{]5 .

t/ dlxgfsf] tLg k6s;Dd lgwf{l/t ;do eGbf kGw| ldg]6 ;Dd l9nf u/L cfpg]
sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] xflh/L ug{ lbg ;Sg]5 .

-#_ d'gfl;j dflkmssf] sf/0f k/]df afx]s labfsf] lgsf;f glnO{ s'g} klg
sd{rf/L k|lti7fgaf6 cg'kl:yt x'g' x'+b}g . o;/L cg'kl:yt x'g] sd{rf/Ln] sf/0f hgfO{
;ft lbg leq labfsf] lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .

$$= k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lx?n] kfpg] labf M sd{rf/Lx?n] b]xfosf labfx? kfpg] 5g\ M-

s_ e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labf

-v_ 3/ labf
-u_ aL/fdL labf
-3_ k|;"lt labf

-3!_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf
-ª_ lsl/of labf
-r_ cWoog labf
-5_ c;fwf/0f labf

$%= e}kl/ cfpg] / kj{ labf M -!_ sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s jif{ e}kl/ cfpg] labf 5 lbg / kj{ labf 5
lbg u/L hDdf afx| lbg labf kfpg] 5 .

-@_ e}kl/ cfpg] / kj{ labfdf a:g] sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .

-#_ e}kl/ cfpg] / kj{ labf cfwf lbg klg lng ;Sg]5 .

:ki6Ls/0f M o; pklgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu cfwf lbg eGgfn] b}lgs sfof{no

;dosf] cfwf ;do ;Demg' kb{5 .

-$_ Ps jif{sf] e}kl/ cfpg] / kj{ labf ;+lrt u/L csf]{ jif{df lng kfOg]
5}g .

-%_ df}lvs cg'/f]wsf] cfwf/df klg labf lbg] clwsf/Ln] e}kl/ cfpg] / kj{
labfsf] :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

34
 t/ To;/L e}kl/ cfpg] / kj{ labfsf] :jLs[lt lbPsf]df labf lbg] clwsf/Ln]
;f]sf] clen]v /fVg nufpg' kg]{5 .

$^= 3/ labf M -!_ sd{rf/Ln] sfd u/]sf] cjlwsf] afX lbgsf] Ps lbgsf b/n] 3/ labf
kfpg]5 .
-@_ of] lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ "sfd u/]sf] cjlw" eGgfn] ;f] cjlw leq
lnPsf] e}kl/ cfpg] / kj{ labf, aL/fdL labf, k|;'tL labf, k|;'tL :ofxf/ ljbf lsl/of
labf / ;fj{hlgs labfnfO{ ;d]t hgfpg]5 .

-#_ 3/ labfdf a:bf sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .

-$_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] cfk'mn] ksfPsf] 3/ labf Ps;o c;L lbg;Dd

;+lrt u/L /fVg kfpg]5 .

-%_ s'g} sf/0fn] k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu ePdf lghsf] ;+lrt /x]sf]
3/ labf jfkt lghsf] kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbaf6 vfO{ kfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] b/n] x'g cfpg]
/sd lghn] Psd'i7 lng kfpg]5 .

-^_ ;+lrt /x]sf] 3/ labfsf] /sd lng gkfp+b} k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/Lsf]
d[To' ePdf To:tf] ;+lrt 3/ labfsf] /sd lghaf6 O{R5fOPsf] JolQmn] jf kl/jf/sf
;b:ox?dWo] xsjfnfn] lng kfpg]5 .

-&_ 3/ labf, cWoog labf jf c;fwf/0f labfdf a;]sf sd{rf/Ln] ;f]

cjlwe/sf] 3/ labf kfpg] 5}g .

-*_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] jif{df Ps k6s sDtLdf ;ft lbg 3/ labf lnO{ 3/
hfFbf / 3/ labf e'Qmfg u/L 3/af6 cfˆgf] sfof{nodf cfpFbf k}bnsf] af6f]nfO{ cf7 sf]ifsf]
lgldQ Ps lbgsf] b/n] x'g] lbg tyf df]6/, /]n jf xjfO{hxfhsf] jf6f]nfO{ hlt lbg nfUg]
xf] Tolt lbg af6f]sf] Dofb kfpg]5 .

$&= aL/fdL labf M -!_ k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s jif{ !@ lbg aL/fdL labf kfpg] 5 .

-@_ aL/fdL labfdf a:bf k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg] 5 .

-#_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/L czQm aL/fdL eO{ ;+lrt aL/fdL labfn] gk'Ug] ePdf
lghnfO{ a9Ldf !@ lbg ;Dd k]ZsL aL/fdL labf lbg ;Sg]5 .

-$_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] c;fwf/0f labf lnO{ a;]sf] cjlwe/ aL/fdL labf
kfpg] 5}g .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

35
 -%_ ;ft lbg eGbf a9L cjlwsf] aL/fdL labf dfu ug]{ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln]
:jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] k|df0f kq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

t/ To:tf] k|df0f kq k]z ug{ ;fwf/0ftof ;Dea lyPg eGg] labf lbg]
clwsf/LnfO{ ljZjf; ePdf lghn] ;f] Joxf]/f hgfO{ k|df0f kq lagf g} pQm labf :jLs[t
ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-^_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] cfk'mn] ksfPsf] aL/fdL labf ;+lrt u/L /fVg
kfpg]5 .

-&_ s'g} sf/0fn] k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu ePdf lghsf] ;+lrt /x]sf]
aL/fdL labf jfkt lghsf] kbflwsf/ /x]sf] kbaf6 vfO{ kfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] b/n] x'g cfpg]
/sd lghn] Psd'i7 lng kfpg]5 .

-*_ ;+lrt /x]sf] aL/fdL labfsf] /sd lng gkfp+b} k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/Lsf]
d[To' ePdf To:tf] ;+lrt aL/fdL labfsf] /sd lghn] O{R5fOPsf] JolQmn] jf kl/jf/sf
;b:ox?dWo] xsjfnfn] lng kfpg]5 .

-(_ s'g} 7"nf] jf s8f /f]u nflu pkrf/ ug{ aL/fdL labf / 3/ labfaf6 gk'u
x'g] ePdf :jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] k|df0f kq k]z u/L k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Ln] kl5 kfpg] aL/fdL
labf / 3/ labfaf6 s6[f x'g] u/L k}tfnL; lbg ;Dd yk aL/fdL labf k]ZsLsf] ?kdf lng
;Sg]5 . To;/L k]ZsL aL/fdL labf lnO{ a;]sf] k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .

-!)_ pklgod -(_ adf]hd lnPsf] labfn] gk'u e} yk labf lng' k/]df g]kfn
;/sf/af6 :jLs[t k|fKt c:ktfn jf gl;{+u xf]dsf] d]l8sn af]8{sf] l;kmfl/zdf k|lti7fgsf
sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] c;fwf/0f labfaf6 s6[f x'g] u/L ;]jf cjlwe/df a9Ldf Ps jif{
c;fwff/0f labf lng ;Sg]5 .

-!!_ pklgod -(_ adf]lhd k]ZsL labf lng] sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf To;/L
k]ZsL lnPsf] aL/fdL labf :jtM ldgfxf x'g]5 .

$*= k|;"lt labf M -!_ dlxnf sd{rf/L ue{jtL ePdf lghn] ;'Ts]/Lsf] cl3 kl5 u/L cG7fgAa]
lbg k|;'lt labf lng kfpg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adflhd k|;"lt ljbf lnPsf dlxnf sd{rf/Ln] rfx]df s'g} klg
ljbfaf6 s6[f gx'g] u/L yk 5 dlxgf ;Dd j]tnjL k|;"lt ljbf lng ;Sg] 5g\ .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]wg .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]wg .

36
 t/ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] ljbf nuftf/ ?kdf lng' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd j]tnjL ljbfdf a;]sf] cjlw gf]s/L cjlwdf
hf]l8g]5 .
-$_ k|;"lt labfdf a:bf sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .

-%_ =======================
-^_ k|;"lt ljbf tyf k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf kfPsf sd{rf/LnfO{ aRrfsf] :ofxf/sf]
lgldQ j9Ldf b'O{ j6f jRrfsf] nflu hgxL Psd'i6 kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF lzz' :ofxf/ eQf
lbO{{g]5 .

-&_ k|;"lt labf lnPsf] clen]v cWofjlws ?kdf hgfO{ /fVg' kg]{

$*s k||;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] kTgL ;'Ts]/L x'g] ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln]
;'Ts]/Lsf] cl3 jf kl5 u/L kGw| lbg k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf lng kfpg] 5 .
-@_ k|;"\lt :ofxf/ ljbfdf j:g] sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tnj kfpg] 5 .

-#_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf ;]jf cjlw e/ b'O{ k6s dfq lbO{g]5 .

-$_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbf lnPsf] sd{rf/Ln] ljbf lnPsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgf
leqdf aRrfsf] hGd btf{ k|df0fkq k|lti7fgdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw leq To:tf] k|+df0fkq k]z gug]{ sd{rf/Lsf]
To:tf] ljbfsf] cjlw lghn] kfpg] cGo ljbfaf6 s6[f ul/g]5 / lgod * sf] pklgod -^_
adf]lhd lzz' :ofxf/ eQf ;d]t lkmtf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .

-^_ k|;"lt :ofxf/ ljbfsf] clen]v cWofjlws ?kdf hgfO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .

$(= lsl/of labf M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] s'n wd{ cg';f/ cfkm}+ lsl/of a:g' k/]df jf
To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] jfj'cfdf, afh]jHo}, 5f]/f5f]/L jf ;f;" ;;'/fsf] d[To' ePdf jf k'?if
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lghsf] kTgLsf] d[To' ePdf kGw| lbg lsl/of ljbf kfpg] 5 . dlxnf
sd{rf/Lsf] kltn] lsl/of j:g' k/]df lghnfO{ klg Toltg} lbg lsl/of ljbf lbO{g]5 .
-@_ lsl/of labfdf a:bf k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f lemlsPsf] .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

37
 -#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ljbf lng] sd{rf/Ln] ljbf kl5 sfof{no
xflh/ ePsf] kGw| lbg leq d[t JolQmsf] d[To' btf{sf] k|df0fkq tyf d[t JolQm;Fusf] gftf
k|dfl0ft k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

-$_ pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw leq To:tf] k|df0fkq k]z gug]{ sd{rf/Lsf]
To:tf] ljbfsf] cjlw lghn] kfpg] cGo ljbfaf6 s6[f ul/g]5 .

%)= cWoog labf M -!_ k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfnfO{ pkof]uL / cfjZos kg{] ljifodf g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] j}b]lzs 5fqj[lQdf ;DalGwt dGqfnosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ v'Nnf
k|ltof]lutf jf cGt/ ljefuLo k|ltof]lutfdf 5flgO{ jf k|lti7fgaf6 dgf]gog eO{ cWoog
ug{ hfg] sd{rf/Ln] cWoog cjlwe/ cWoog labf kfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ ;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"xnfO{{ pkof]lu / cfjZos x'g] s'g} ljifodf :jb]z
l:yt s'g} ljZj ljBfno jf To; cGt/utsf] s'g} cWoog ;+:yfg jf ;+sfoaf6 k|fKt
5fqj[lQ jf sf]6fdf jf k|lti7fgsf] vr{df cWoogsf] nflu dgf]gog ug{ k|lti7fgn]
l;kmfl/; u/L ;ldltaf6 l:js[t ePdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f] cWoog cjlwe/ cWoog
ljbf lbg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ cfk"m sfo{/t ;]jf, ;d"x jf pk;d"xsf] nflu pkof]uL / cfjZos x'g]
ljifodf ljleÌ d'n's jf g]kfn ;b:o /x]sf cGt/f{li6««o ;++:yfaf6 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ug]{ u/L
k|lti7fgsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ ljZjJofkL k|lt:kwf{df 5gf}6 eO{ ljb]zdf cWoog jf tfnLddf
;xefuL x'g] cj;/ kfPsf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;d]t pklgod -!_ adf]lhd dgf]gog u/L
cWoogsf] nflu cWoog ljbf / tfnLdsf] nflu tfnLd sfh lbg ;lsg]5 .
-$_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] ;]jf cjlwe/df Ps} k6s jf k6s k6s u/L
tLg jif{;Dd cWoog labf kfpg]5 .

t/ k|lti7fgn] cfjZos 7fg]sf] cj:yfdf s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] cWoog labfsf]

cjlwdf b'O{ jif{;Dd yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} cWoogsf] lgldQ
dgf]gog eO{ cWoog labf lnO{ uPsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ yk ljifodf cWoog ug{ jf yk pkflw
xf+l;n ug{sf] lgldQ cWoog labf ylkg] 5}g tyf c;fwf/0f labf klg lbOg] 5}g .
-^_ cWoog labfdf a:bf sd{rf/Ln] k"/f tna kfpg]5 .
-&_ k|lti7fgnfO{ pkof]uL / cfjZos kg]{ ljifodf k|lti7fgsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{
lghL k|of;df :jb]z tyf ljb]zdf cWoog ug{ hfg] sd{rf/LnfO{ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd
cWoog labf lbg ;lsg]5 . pklgod -^_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg o:tf]
cWoog labfdf a:g] sd{rf/Ln] tna kfpg] 5}g .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

38
 -*_ tLg jif{ k|lti7fgsf] ;]jf cjlw gk'uL s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] cWoog
labf kfpg ;Sg]5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd s'g} sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf] c:yfoL
;]jf cjlw :yfoL ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ePsf] /x]5 eg] o; pklgodsf] k|of]hgsf]
nflu ;f] c:yfO{ ;]jf cjlw ;d]t u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-(_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] :jb]z jf ljb]zdf cWoog ug{ tyf k|fOe]6 ?kdf
k/LIff lbgsf] nflu k|lti7fgsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng' kg]{5 .
-!)_ k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ cWoog u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqx? z}lIfs
of]Uotf k|fKt u/]sf] ldltn] tLg dlxgf leq k|lti7fgdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!!_ s'g} of]hgf jf sfo{s|dnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf] lgldQ cTofjZos
ePsf] tfnLd k|fKt ug{sf] nflu k|lti7fgn] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ dgf]gog u/L v6fPdf To:tf]
tfnLd cjlwdf lghnfO{ sfhsf] ?kdf k7fOg] 5 / ;f] cjlwe/ lghnfO{ k"/f tna lbOg] 5
.
t/ o; k|sf/sf] sfh tfnLdsf] lgldQ dfq x'g' kg]{5 / s'g} klg
sd{rf/LnfO{ z}lIfs pkflw xf+l;n ug{ k7fp+bf tfnLd sfh lbOg] 5}g .
-!@_ Pp6f z}lIfs ;+:yfdf cWoog ug{sf] nflu cWoog ljbf lnPsf]
sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt ljgf ;f] z}lIfs ;+:yf kl/jt{g ug{ kfpg] 5}g . o;/L
z}lIfs ;+:yf kl/jt{g u/]df jf ;f] z}lIfs ;+:yfdf cWoog gu/]df lghsf] ;f] cWoog ljbf
:jtM /2 x'g]5 . o;/L ljbf /2 ePsf] ljj/0f cWofjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-!#_ o; lgod adf]lhd cWoogsf] nflu Ps k6s j]tnjL cWoog ljbf
:jLs[t eO{ ;s] kl5 ;f] labfsf] cjlwnfO{ tnjL cWoog labfdf kl/0ft ul/g] 5}g .
%!= c;fwf/0f labf M -!_ sd{rf/Ln] c;fwf/0f labf lng' kg]{ sf/0f ;lxt lgj]bg lbg'
kg]{5 / sf/0f dgfl;j b]lvPdf k|lti7fgn] Ps k6sdf Ps jif{df gj9fO{ / ;]jf
cjlwe/df tLg jif{df ga9fO{ c;fwf/0f labf lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ c;fwf/0f labfdf a:g] sd{rf/Ln] ;f] cjlwe/ tna kfpg] 5}g .
t/ lgod $& sf] pklgod -!)_ adf]lhd c;fwf/0f labfdf a:g] sd{rf/Ln]
To:tf] labfdf a;]sf] cjlwsf] k"/f tna kfpg] 5 .

-#_ kfFr jif{ k|lti7fgsf] ;]jf cjlw gk'uL s'g} klg sd{frf/Ln] c;fwf/0f labf
kfpg] 5}g .

t/

39
 -s_
lgod $& sf] pklgod -!)_ adf]lhd yk aL/fdL labf jfkt
c;fwf/0f labfdf a:g o; pklgodn] afwf k'/\ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-v_ lghL k|of;df cWoog ug{ rfxg] sd{rf/Ln] b'O{ jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw
k"/f u/]kl5 pklgod -!_ sf] cwLgdf /xL Ps} k6s jf k6s k6s
u/L a9Ldf tLg jif{;Dd c;fwf/0f labf kfpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ k|lit7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] c;fwf/0f labfsf] cjlw lghsf] ;]jf
cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .

%!s sa'lnotgfdf ;DjGwL Joj:yf M cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fdf hfg] sd{rf/Ln]
cg';"rL !@ adf]lhd / lgod %) sf] pklgod -&_s adf]lhd cWoog ljbfdf hfg]
sd{rf/Ln] cg';"rL - !@s adf]lhd sa'lnotgfdf ug'{ kg]{5 .

%@= labf kl/0ft gx'g] M o; kl/R5]b adf]lhd sd{rf/Ln] h'g labf lnO{ a;]sf] xf] ;f]xL labf
g} pkef]u ug'{ kg]{5 . klxn] s'g} Ps lsl;dsf] labf :jLs[t ePsf]df To:tf] labf kl5
lsl/of labf jf k|;'lt labf afx]s csf]{ lsl;dsf] labfdf kl/0ft u/fpg kfOg] 5}g .

%#= ;fj{hlgs labf ufleg] M e}k/L cfpg], kj{ labf, 3/ ljbf / lj/fdL ljbf afx]s c? s'g}
k|sf/sf] labf lnO{ a;]sf] sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] ljbf cjlw leq ;fj{hlgs ljbf k/]df ;f] labf
klg lgh sd{rf/Ln] lnPsf] ljbfdf ufleg] 5 .

%$= sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt x'g] pk/ sf/jfxL M labf glnO{ cfˆgf] sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt x'g]
sd{rf/LnfO{ uon / tna s6[L u/L ljefuLo ;hf+o ;d]t ug{ ;lsg] 5 . o;/L uon
ePsf] cjlw ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf x'g] 5}g .

%%= labf clwsf/sf] s'/f xf]O{g M labf clwsf/sf] s'/f xf]O{g, ;x'lnot dfq xf] .

%^= labf lbg] clwsf/L M b]xfosf kbsf sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfosf clwsf/Ln] labf lbg ;Sg]5g\ M

-s_ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] nflu ;ldltsf cWoIf

t/ e}k/L cfpg] / kj{ labf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs cfkm}n] lng

;Sg]5 .

-v_ clws[t :t/ / ;xfos :t/sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

jf lghaf6 tf]s]sf] clws[t .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

40
%&= ljlw M -!_ labfsf] lgsf;fsf] lgldQ sd{rf/Ln] cfk'mnfO{ rflxPsf] labfsf] cjlw, sf/0f
/ ljb]z hfg' kg]{ eP ;f] ;d]t vf]nL cg';"rL - !) sf] 9fFrfdf labfsf] lgj]bg lgod %^
df tf]lsPsf] clwsf/L ;dIf k]z ug'{ kb{5 / labf lbg] clwsf/Ln] klg labf :jLs[t jf
c:jLs[t ePsf] ;"rgf ;f] sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

-@_ =e}k/L cfpg] jf kj{ labfsf] xsdf eg] pQm clwsf/Ln] pklgod -!_
adf]lhd b/vf:t geP klg cfˆgf] thljhaf6 df}lvs cfj]bgsf e/df klg :jLs[lt lbg
;Sg]5 .

-#_ b]xfosf] s'/fdf labf lbg] clwsf/LnfO{ lrQ j'em]df dfq lghn] lgj]bgsf]
ldlt eGbf cufl8 b]lvsf] ldltaf6 labf :jLs[t ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-s_ labf lbg] clwsf/Lsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lng ;Dej lyPg eGg] ,
-v_ k"j{ :jLs[lt k|flKtsf] nflu lgj]bsn] ;se/ k|of; u/]sf] lyof] eGg] .

-$_ cWoog labfsf] nflu lgj]bg lb+bf c? s'/fsf] cltl/Qm d'VotM b]xfosf
s'/fx? pNn]v ug'{ kg]5
{ M
-s_ cfk'mn] cWoog ug{ vf]h]sf] ljifosf] ljj/0f,
-v_ cWoog ul/g] ljZjlaBfno, ;+:yf jf k|lzIf0f s]Gb|df k|j]z ug]{
:jLs[lt k|fKt ePsf] ljj/0f,
-u_ k|lti7fgnfO{ To:tf] labfsf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug{ ;xfos x'g] cGo
cfjZos ljj/0f .
%*= labfsf] clen]v M -!_ labf lbg] clwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] dftxtsf sfd ug]{ ;a}
sd{rf/Lx?sf] labfsf] clen]v cg';"rL - !! sf] 9fFrfdf /fVg nufpg' kg]{5 . e}k/L / kj{
labf afx]ssf labfsf] clen]v k|To]s jif{ Joltt ePsf] tL; lbg leq clen]v tof/ u/L
/fVg' kg]{5 . s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ c;fwf/0f labf lbPsf]df To;sf] ;"rgf n]vf zfvfnfO{ ;d]t
lbg' kb{5 .

%(=


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .

41
 kl/R5]b - ^
tna eQf

^)= tna eQf M -!_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] kbdf axfnL u/]sf] lbg b]lv tna eQf
kfpg]5 .
-@_ k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Lsf] tna :s]n g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f
u/]sf] tnadfgnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

^!= tnadfg M -!_ lgwf{l/t tnadfg cg';f/ tna kfpg] kbdf gofF lgo'lQm kfpg] k|lti7fgsf
sd{rf/Ln] ;f] tnadfgdf tf]lsPsf] z'? tna kfpg]5 .
-@_ dflyNnf] tnadfgsf] s'g} kbdf a9'jf kfpg] k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] pQm
tnadfgdf tf]lsPsf] z'? tnadfg kfpg]5 .

t/ lghn] xfn kfO/x]sf] tna pQm dflyNnf] tnadfgsf] Go"gtd tna

a/fa/ jf ;f] eGbf clws ePdf pQm dflyNnf] tnadfgdf lghsf] tna tf]Sbf
b]xfo adf]lhd u/L tf]lsg]5 .

-s_lghn] xfn kfO/x]sf] tna dflyNnf] tnadfgsf] z'? tna a/fa/

dfq ePdf ;f] tnadf Ps tna a[l4 -u|]8_ yk u/L tf]lsg]5 .
-v_ ;fljs kbdf kfO/x]sf] tna a9'jf ePsf] kbsf] z'? tna eGbf a9L
ePsf] cj:yfdf dflyNnf] kbsf] tna tf]Sbf xfn kfOcfPsf] tnadf
gk'u ;Ddsf] tna a[l4 yk u/L dflyNnf] kbsf] Ps tna a[l4 ;d]t
lbOg]5 .
^@= tna a[l4 -u|]8_ M gofF lgo'lQm x'g] :yfoL sd{rf/Ln] sfof{nodf xflh/L eO{ sfd u/]sf] /
a9'jf x'g] sd{rf/Ln] a9'jf kfPsf] ldltn] Ps jif{sf] ;]jf cjlw k"/f ul/;s]kl5 Ps
tna a[l4 -u|]8_ kfpg]5 . s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] tna a[l4 /f]Ssf ePsf]df ;f] tna a[l4 s'g
ldltb]lv k'ms'jf x'g] xf] ;f] s'/f ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln] lnlvt ?kdf hgfO{ /fVg' kg]{5 .

^#= ksfPsf] tna, eQf kfpg] M -!_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s dlxgf e'Qmfg ePkl5
tna / eQf kfpg] eP eQf ;d]t kfpg]5 .

-@_ k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/Ln] ksfPsf] tna / eQf kfpg] eP eQf ;d]t lgh
h'g;'s} Joxf]/faf6 ;]jfdf g/x]tfklg kfpg]5 .

-#_ o; lgodx?df Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tna s6[f

ul/g] 5}g .

-$_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] tna ;f] sd{rf/Ln] sfd ul//x]sf] jf labfdf a;]sf]
jvt /f]lsg] 5}g .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

42
^$= lgnDjg ePdf kfpg] tna M -!_ k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/L k|lti7fgsf] sfdsf] ;DaGwdf
jf k|lti7fgsf] tkm{af6 ePsf] sf/jfxLsf] kmn:j?k lgnDjg ePdf ;f] lgnDjgsf] cjlwe/
lghn] cfˆgf] tnasf] cfwf dfq kfpg]5 .

t/ nfu]sf] cf/f]k k|dfl0ft geO{ lghn] ;kmfO{ kfPdf lgnDjg /x]sf] cjlwdf
cfwf tna kfPsf] eP ;f] s6[f u/L / gkfPsf] eP k'/} tna -tna a[l4 x'g] ePdf ;f]
;d]t_ kfpg]5 . s;"/bf/ 7xl/Pdf lgnDjg ePsf] ldlt b]lvsf] afFsL tna eQf kfpg] 5}g
/ ;f] cjlwsf] gf]s/ klg u0fgf x'g] 5}g .

-@_ k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/L pklgod -!_ df pNn]lvt sf/0f afx]s cGo
s'g} sf/0faf6 lgnDjg /xg uPsf] /x]5 eg] lghn] To;/L lgnDag /x]sf] cjlwsf] tna
kfpg] 5}g .
^%= sd{rf/L ;~rosf]ifdf /sd hDdf u/L lbg] M k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Lx?sf] dfl;s tnaaf6
!) k|ltztsf b/n] /sd s6[f u/L ;f] /sddf k|lti7fgn] zt k|ltzt /sd yk u/L
sd{rf/L ;~ro sf]ifdf hDdf ul/lbg]5 .

^%s sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|f]T;fxg ;DjGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|lti7fgn] jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf]
cfwf/df sd{rf/LnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|f]T;fxg ;DjGwL sf]ifsf] Joj:yf ug]{5 .
;f] sf]ifdf k|lti7fgsf] cfGtl/s >f]taf6 Joxf]l/g] u/L jflif{s cfosf] rf/ k|ltzt /sd
hDdf ul/g]5 .

-@_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tnjsf] Ps dlxgf a/fa/sf] /sddf

ga9\g] u/L k|lti7fgn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|f]T;fxg /sd k|To]s jif{
k|lti7fgsf] jflif{sf]T;jsf] cj;/df lbOg]5 .

-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifaf6 k|bfg ul/g] pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf]
/sdnfO{ cfGtl/s ko{6g k|j4{gsf] p2]Zoaf6 cfj4 ug]{ u/L ;ldltn] cfjZos lg0f{o ug{
;Sg]5 .
-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg k+|f]T;fxg /sd b]xfosf] cfwf/df dfq
sd{rf/LnfO{ k|bfg ul/g]5 M–

-s_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] Ps jif{df lg/Gt/ jf k6s k6s u/L gAa] lbg
eGbf j9L s'g} klg ljbf glnPsf] x'g' kg]{,
-v_ lgod !@)s adf]lhd ;hfo gkfPsf] x'g' kg]{,
-u_ jflif{s sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf sDtLdf krf;L k|ltzt cÍ k|fKt
u/]sf] x'g' kg]{eGbf sd cÍ gePsf] x'g' kg]{ .

-%_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] /sd k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/L sNof0f sf]ifdf hDdf
ul/g]5 .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

43

^^= rf8 kj{ vr{ M k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] wd{, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f cg';f/ dgfOg]
rf8kj{sf] nflu sd{{rf/Ln] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] Ps dlxgfsf] tnj a/fa/sf] /sd k|To]s jif{
rf8kj{ vr{sf] ?kdf kfpg]5 . o:tf] /sd sd{rf/Ln] Ps cfly{s jif{df Ps k6s cfˆgf]
wd{, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f cg';f/ dgfO{g] d'Vo rf8 kj{sf] cj;/df e'QmfgL lng ;Sg]5 .

^&= cf]e/ 6fO{d / k|lzIf0f eQf M k|lti7fgn] cfjZostf cg';f/ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cltl/Qm
;dodf sfd nufpg ;Sg]5 / o;/L cltl/Qm sfd u/]df ;f] jfktsf] cf]e/ 6fO{d eQf /
cltl/Qm ;dodf sd{rf/Ln] k|lzIf0f u/]df ;f] jfktsf] k|lzIf0f eQf ;ldltn] tf]s] jdf]lhd
x'g]5 .

t/ k|lzIf0f eQf kfPsf] sd{rf/Ln] cf]e/ 6fO{d eQf kfpg] 5}g

kl/R5]b – &
cjsfz, pkbfg, j[lQ / cGo ;'ljwf

^*= clgjfo{ cjsfz M -!_ k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/sf] xb lghfdtL ;]jf P]g
lgodfjnLdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] pd]/ k"/f ePdf To:tf]
sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfaf6 :jt M cjsfz kfpg]5 .

-@_ o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/ ;]jfdf k|j]z ubf{ lghn]
k]z u/]sf] lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] k|df0fkqdf lsl6Psf] hGdlbg jf jif{af6 x'g cfPsf] pd]/ jf
gful/stfsf] k|df0fkqdf lsl6Psf] hGd lbg jf jif{af6 x'g cfPsf] pd]/ jf lghn] ;]jf
k|j]z ubf{ b/vf:t kmf/fddf n]lv lbPsf] hGd ldlt jf jif{af6 x'g cfPsf] pd]/ dWo] h'g
pd]/af6 lgh klxn] cjsfz x'G5 ;f]xL cfwf/df u0fgf ug]{5 .

^(= cjsfz lbg ;Sg] M ;ldltn] b]xfPsf cj:yfdf s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6 cjsfz
lbg ;Sg]5 M –
-s_ k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] jf cfk"mn] s'g}
t/Lsfaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] k|lti7fgsf] uf]Ko sfuhft, lnvt jf hfgsf/L
s'g} cglws[t JolQm jf lgsfonfO{ lbPdf jf lbg] k|of; u/]sf] s'/f
k|dfl0ft ePdf ,
-v_ k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/Ln] /fli6so lxt ljk/Lt s'g} ljb]zL /fi6«
;+:yf jf gful/s;+u cjfl~5t ;Dks{ sfod u/L cfˆgf] cf]xbfsf]
dof{bf ljkl/t u}/ lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ Jojxf/ u/]sf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ePdf .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

44
&)= c;dy{ sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/L zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s
/f]usf] sf/0faf6 lgoldt ?kdf ;]jf ug{ c;dy{ 5 elg g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[t k|fKt
c:ktfnaf6 l;kmfl/z eO{ cfPsf] / ;f] pk/ pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] pk ;ldltaf6
hfFra'em u/L k|dfl0ft eO{ cfPdf ;ldltn] lghnfO{ lghsf] ;]jf cjlw e/df a9Ldf
;ft jif{ ;]jf cjlw yk u/L cjsfz lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_
pklgod -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ b]xfosf] pk;ldlt /xg]5 .
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;ldltsf]
;b:o dWo]af6 ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] Ps hgf ;b:o –cWoIf
-v_ k|lti7fgsf] sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs –;b:o
-u_ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] jl/i7 lrlsT;s –;b:o
-3_ k|lti7fgsf] k|zf;g ljefu/ zfvfsf] clws[t
sd{rf/L – ;b:o –;lrj

&)s :j]lR5s cjsfz M -!_ aL; jif{ ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf] sd{rf/Ln] ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] zt{ /
cjlw leq k|lti7fgn] k|sfzg u/]sf] ;"rgfdf pNn]lvt zt{ adf]lhd :j]lR5s cjsfz lng
;Sg]5 .

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd cjsfz lng] sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf lgod &! adf]lhd kfpg]
pkbfgdf cfk"mn] sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] cflv/L Ps dlxgfsf] tnj yk u/L pkbfg
kfpg]5 .

-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd :j]lR5s cjsfz lng] sd{rf/Ln] lgod $!s adf]lhd j9'jf
kfpg] ePdf Ps tx dflysf] kbdf j9'jf u/L :j]lR5s cjsfz lng ;Sg]5 .

&!= pkbfg M -!_ k|lti7fgdf kfFr jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L ;]jf u/]sf :yfoL sd{rf/Ln]
cjsfz kfPdf jf /flhgfdf :jLs[lt u/fO{ ;]jf jf kbaf6 cnu ePdf jf eljiodf
k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ ;fdfGot cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L ;]jf jf kbaf6 x6fOPdf
b]xfosf] b/n] pkbfg kfpg]5 M -

-s_ kfFr jif{{b]lv bz jif{;Dd gf]s/L u/]sf sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mn] sfd u/]sf]
k|To]s jif{sf] lgldQ cflv/L cfwf dlxgfsf] tna,
-v_ bz jif{ eGbf a9L kGw| jif{;Dd gf]s/L u/]sf] sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mn] sfd
u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] lgldQ cflv/L Ps dlxgfsf] tna,
-u_ kGw| jif{ eGbf a9L aL; jif{;Dd ;]jf u/]sf sd{rf/Lx?n] cfk"mn]
sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] cflv/L b'O{ dlxgfsf] tna
-3_ aL; jif{ eGbf a9L klRr; jif{;Dd ;]jf u/]sf sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mn]
sfd u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf] cflv/L ;f9] b'O{ dlxgfsf] tna,
-ª_ klRr; jif{ eGbf a9L ;]jf u/]sf] sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mn] sfd u/]sf] k|To]s
jif{sf] cflv/L tLg dlxgfsf] tna .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

45
 -@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g ;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg k|lti7fgsf] ;]jf kfpg]
jf ;f] ;]jfdf jxfn /xg] p2]Zon] gful/stf jf pd]/ jf of]Uotf 9fF6]sf] k|dfl0ft x'g
cfPdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ pkbfg lbO{g] 5}g .

&@= kf/Ljfl/s pkbfg M -!_ k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/L gf]s/Ldf 5+b} d[To' ePdf lghsf]
kl/jf/nfO{ jf lghsf] gfjfns efO jf cljjflxtf lbbL alxgLnfO{ lgod &! sf] pklgod
-!_ df n]lvPsf] b/n] pkbfg k|fKt x'g]5 .

-@_ k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/Ln] b]xfo adf]lhd kfpg] /sd lng gkfp+b} lghsf]
d[To' ePdf ;f] /sd lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:ox? dWo] o; lgod adf]lhd lghsf] pkbfg
kfpg of]Uo 7xl/Psf] JolQmn] lng kfpg] 5 .

-s_ lgod $^ sf] pklgod -^_ adf]lhd ;+lrt 3/ labfsf] /sd .

-v_ lgod $& sf] pklgod -&_ adf]lhd ;+lrt aL/fdL labfsf] /sd .
-u_ lgod *) sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfpg] pkrf/ vr{sf] /sd .

&#= czQm j[lQ M -!_ k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/L k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf
k/L jf cf3ft k/L c+ue+u ePsf] jf rf]6k6s nfu]sf] sf/0fn] zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s ?kdf
k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfsf] nflu czQm eO{ cjsfz x'g' k/]df To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] lhljsfsf]
lgldQ czQm j[lQsf] ?kdf rf]6 k6ssf] cj:yf x]/L cfly{s ;xfotf jfkt tLg nfv
?k}ofF ;Dd Psd'i7 /sd lbg ;lsg]5 .

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd rf]6 k6s nfUg u} c:ktfndf j;L pkrf/ u/fpFbf
nfUg] pkrf/ vr{sf] zt k|ltzt /sd To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgaf6 kfpg] 5 . o;/L
pkrf/ vr{ kfPsf] sf/0fn] To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] kl5 aL/fdL x'Fbf lgod *) adf]lhd kfpg
;Sg] pkrf/ vr{ kfpgdf ;d]t s'g} afwf kg]{ 5}g .

&$= c+ue+u eP jf rf]6 k6s nfu] jfkt kfpg] ;'ljwf M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/L k|lti7fgsf] s'g}
sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf rf]6 k6s nfUg u} c:ktfndf j;L pkrf/ kZrft ;]jfaf6 cjsfz
lng' kg]{ gePtfklg ;f] rf]6 k6ssf] sf/0faf6 lghsf] Ifdtf a[l4nfO{ afwf kg]{ ePdf
To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ rf]6 k6ssf] cj:yfsf] ljrf/ u/L lghn] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tnasf]
clGtd :s]nsf] tna a[l4 jf kGw| xhf/ ?k}ofF ;Ddsf] Psd'i7 /sd cfly{s ;xfotf lbg
;lsg]5 .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

46
 -@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd rf]6k6ssf] pkrf/ u/fpg cfjZos kg]{ cjlw
e/sf] lgldQ To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] s'g} klg ;+lrt labfaf6 s6[f gx'g] u/L k"/f tna ;lxtsf]
yk aL/fdL labf kfpg] 5 .

-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd pkrf/ u/fpFbf nfu]sf] pkrf/ vr{sf] zt k|ltzt
/sd To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]5 . o;/L pkrf/ vr{ kfPsf] sf/0fn] To:tf] sd{rf/Ln] kl5
aL/fdL x'Fbf lgod *) adf]lhd kfpg ;Sg] pkrf/ vr{ kfpgdf ;d]t s'g} afwf kg]{ 5}g .

-$_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] dfbs kbfy{ jf cGo pQ]hg km}nfpg] kbfy{ ;]jg jf k|of]u
ul/ jf gul/ hfgfhfg cfk\mg} uDeL/ nfk/jflxn] rf]6k6s nfu]sf] sf/0fn] c+ue+u ePsf]df
o; lgod adf]lhdsf] ;'ljwf kfpg] 5}g .

&%= c;fwf/0f kfl/jfl/s pkbfg M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/L k|lti7fgsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf
k/L tTsfn} d[To' ePdf jf To;sf] sf/0faf6 lgsf] gx'+b} kl5 d[To' ePdf jf cGo s'g} s8f
/f]u nfuL ;]jf cjlw leq d[To' ePdf lghsf] ljwjf kTgL jf ljw'/ kltnfO{ 5'6}[ yk
pkbfgsf] ?kdf d[ts sd{rf/Ln] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tnasf] cf7 dlxgfsf] /sd Psd'i7
lbO{g]5 .

-@_ sd{rf/Lsf] ljwjf kTgL jf ljw'/ kltnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf dfq
dfGotf lbOg]5 M

-s_ pko'{Qm sf/0faf6 d[To' x'g] 36gf 36\g' cl3 To:tf] sd{rf/L;+u
j}jflxs ;DjGw e};s]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-v_ To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePsf] ;dodf lgh;+u ;uf]ndf a;]sf] x'g'
kg]{5 .

-#_ ljwjf kTgL gePdf jf kltsf] d[To' cl3 lghaf6 5'l6[;s]sf] ePdf jf
To:tf] ljwjf kTgLsf] k'glj{jfx klxn] hGd]sf] lgh d[ts sd{rf/Lsf] ;Gtlt jf wd{k'qnfO{
pklgod -!_ df tf]lsPsf] k6s] pkbfg bfdf;fxLn] Ps} ;dodf Psd'i7 lbg ;lsg]5 . obL
k|lti7fgsf] s'g} dlxnf sd{rf/Lsf] ljw'/ klt gePdf jf kTgLsf] d[To' cl3 lghaf6
5'l6[;s]sf] ePdf jf To:tf] ljw'/ kltsf] k"gljjfx klxn] hGd]sf] lgh d[ts sd{rf/Lsf]
;Gtlt jf wd{k'qnfO{ pklgod -!_ df tf]lsPsf] k6s] pkbfg bfdf;fxLn] Ps} ;dodf
Psd'i7 lbg ;lsg]5 .

-$_ d[t sd{rf/Lsf] ljwjf kTgL jf ljw'/ klt, ;Gtlt jf wd{ k'q /x]g5g\ /
lgh sd{rf/Lsf] cfl>t cfdf afa' b'a} jf tL dWo] s'g} Ps /x]5g\ eg] lghx?sf] u'hf/fsf]
lgldQ ljwjf :qLn] kfpg] c;fwf/0f kfl/jfl/s pkbfgsf] b'O{ ltxfOdf ga9\g] u/L yk
pkbfg /sd Psd'i7 kfpg]5 .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

47
&^= z}lIfs tyf ;Gtlt j[lQ M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] k|lti7fgsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf
b'3{6gfdf k/L d[To' ePdf jf ;f]xL sf/0fn] ubf{ cfhLjg sfd ug{ g;Sg] ePdf To:tf d[t
jf czQm sd{rf/Lsf] a9Ldf b'O{ ;GtltnfO{ !* jif{sf] pd]/ gk'u'Gh]n b]xfosf] b/n] jflif{s
z}lIfs j[lQ lbOg] 5 M –

-s_ clws[t :t/sf sd{rf/Lsf] k|To]s ;GtltnfO{ tLg xhf/ rf/ ;o
?k}+ofF .

-v_ ;xfos :t/sf sd{rf/Lsf] k|To]s ;GtltnfO{ b'O{ xhf/ cf7 ;o
?k}+ofF .

-@_ k|lti7fgsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf d[To' ePsf] sd{rf/Lsf] a9Ldf b'O{

;GtltnfO{ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] z}lIfs j[lQ nufot d[t sd{rf/L jxfn /x]sf] kbsf]
z'? tna :s]nsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] k|ltztsf] b/n]] dfl;s ;Gtlt j[lQ ;d]t lbOg] 5 M –

sd{rf/Lsf] tx z'? tnasf] k|ltzt

-s_ clws[t :t/sf sd{rf/Lx? !)%

-v_ ;xfos :t/sf sd{rf/Lx? !@ %

-#_ pklgod -@_ sf] j[lQ ;DalGwt ;Gtltn] !* jif{ pd]/ k"/f gu/] ;Dd
kfpg]5 .

:kli6s/0f M o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;Gtlt eGgfn] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] 5f]/f

jf 5f]/L jf wd{ k'q jf wd{ kqL ;Demg' kb{5 .

&&= hfFra'em ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/L k|lti7fgsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf b'3{6gfdf
k/L d[To' ePdf jf cfhLjg czQm ePdf lghn] jf lghsf] kl/jf/ jf ;Gtltn] kfpg] j[lQ
jf pkbfg k|bfg ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu lgod &) sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] pk ;ldltn]
cfjZos hfFra'em u/L l;kmfl/z ug'{ kg]{5 . o; pk ;ldltnfO{ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] d[To'
k|lti7fgsf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf ePsf] xf] jf xf]Og eGg] / czQmtfsf] ;DaGwdf ;d]t
l;kmfl/z ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .

&*= a/a'emf/y gu/]df pkbfg jf cGo ;'ljwf /f]Ssf ug{ ;lsg] M k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz
lng] sd{rf/Ln] a'emfpg' kg]{ gubL, lhG;L / sfuhft lgodfg';f/ g'a'emfPdf To;/L
ga'emfPsf] cjlw ;Ddsf] nflu lghn] kfpg] pkbfg jf cGo ;'ljwf /f]Ssf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
To:tf] gubL, lhG;L / sfuhft a'emg'kg]{ sd{rf/Ln] klg tf]s]sf] ;dod} a'lemlng' kg]{5 .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

48

&(= aLdf ;'ljwf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lsf] aLdf jfkt k|lti7fgn]
Pp6f ;fjlws hLjg aLdf sf]if :yfkgf ug]{5 .

-@_ k|To]s sd{rf/Lsf] dfl;s tnjaf6 b'O{ ;o ?k}ofF s6[f u/L pklgod
-!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifdf hDdf ul/g]5 / Toltg} /sd k|lti7fgn] yk u/L aLdf+s /sd Ps
nfv ?k}Fofsf] aL; jif]{ ;fjlws hLjg aLdf ul/g]5 . ;f] aLdf sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd
dWo]af6 sd{rf/L cjsfz x'Fbf lghnfO{ aLdf+s /sd / af]g; e'QmfgL lbO{g]5 .

-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;fjlws hLjg aLdf sf]ifsf] k|of]hgsf]

nflu ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] leq /x]sf s'g} aLdf sDkgL jf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd u7g ePsf]
;+:yfnfO{ ;f] sDkgL jf ;+:yfsf] sf/f]jf/, ljQLo Ifdtf cflb ;d]t ljrf/ u/L ;fjlws
hLjg aLdf ;~rfngsf] nflu tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .

-$_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd /sd s6[f ug{ z'? u/]sf] aL; jif{ cjlw
gk'uL s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf lghsf] kl/jf/n] Ps nfv ?k}Fof kfpg]5 .

t/ o; lgodfjnL nfu" x'g' eGbf k"j{ ;]jf k|j]z u/]sf

sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf jLdf ubf{ jL; jif{ eGbf sd ;]jf cjlw ePsf] / To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] aLdf
kl/kSj x'g' eGbf k"j{ d[To' x'g uPdf o; pklgod adf]lhd kfpg] Ps nfv ?k}ofF dWo]df
aLdf sDkgLaf6 pknJw x'g] aLdf+Í /sd s§f u/L afFsL gk'u /sd k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/L
sNof0f sf]ifaf6 lghsf] kl/jf/n] kfpg]5 .

-%_ c;fwf/0f ljbf jf j]tnjL cWoog ljbf jf j]tnjL ljbf lnPsf]

cj:yfdf To:tf sd{rf/Ln] aLdf jfkt /sd hDdf u/]df dfq To:tf sd{rf/Lsf] nflu
k|lti7fgn] ;f] cjlwsf] /sd yk u/L sf]ifdf hDdf u/L lbg] 5 .

-^_ eljiodf k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6

j/vf:t ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] ;d]t lghsf] sf]ifdf hDdf ePsf] /sd / To;df kfs]sf] Jofh
kfpg]5 .

-&_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd /sd hDdf ug{ z'? u/]sf] aL;
jif{ ;]jf gk'uL cjsfz ePdf jf cGo h'g;'s} lsl;daf6 ;]jfaf6 cnu ePdf To:tf]
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;dk{0f d"No a/fj/sf] /sd pknJw u/fO{g]5 .

-*_ pklgod -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg ;]jfaf6 cjsfz

x'g] sd{rf/Ln] ;fjlws hLjg aLdf jfkt hDdf u/]sf] /sd aL; jif{ jf ;f] eGbf sd
cjlwdf kl/kSj x'g] u/L lg/Gt/tf lbg ;Sg]5 .

t/ ;f] jfkt k|lti7fgn] s'g} /sd Joxf]g]{ 5}g .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

49
 -(_ kfFr jif{ eGbf sd ;]jf cjlw ePsf k|lti7fgsf jxfnjfnf
sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] jLdf /sd k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/L sNof0f sf]ifdf
hDdf ul/g]5 / To:tf] sd{rf/L cjsfz ePdf jf cGo h'g;'s} lsl;daf6 ;]jfaf6 cnu
ePdf lghnfO{ ;f] jfkt hDdf ePsf] s"n /sd pknJw u/fO{g]5 / To:tf] sd{rf/L
casfz lng' k"j{ d[To' x'g uPdf aLdf jfkt hDdf ePsf] s"n /sd / pklgod -$_
adf]lhd Ps nfvdf gk'u x'g] /sd k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/L sNof0f sf]ifaf6 lghsf] kl/jf/n]
kfpg]5 .

kl/R5]b *
pkrf/ vr{
*)= pkrf/ vr{ M -!_ sd{rf/Ln] ;]jf cjlwe/df clws[t :t/sf] sd{rf/L eP jfw dlxgf
a/fa/sf], ;xfos :t/ kf+rf} txsf] / ;f] ;/xsf] tx ljxLg sd{rf/L eP cîf/ dlxgf
a/fa/sf] / cGo ;xfos :t/sf / tx ljxLg sd{rf/L eP PSsfO{; dlxgf a/fa/sf]
vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tna /sd ;Dd pkrf/ vr{ jfkt kfpg] 5 .

-@_ s'g} sd{rf/L jf lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o aL/fdL ePdf pklgod -!_
adf]lhd kfpg] /sddf gj9\g] u/L b]xfo adf]lhd ePsf] pkrf/ vr{ k|lti7fgn] lbg]5 M

-s_ /f]usf] pkrf/sf] lgldQ :jLs[t lrlsT;sn] hfFr ubf{ nfu]sf] z'Ns
tyf hfFr u/L n]lv lbPsf] k]|:s|LK;g cg';f/ cf}iflw lsg]sf] vr{ .
-v_ :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf egf{ x'Fbf / pkrf/ u/fpFbf nfu]sf] aLn adf]lhdsf]
vr{ .

:ki6Ls/0f M :jLs[t lrlsT;s eGgfn] ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf jf k|rlnt

sfg"g adf]lhd lrlsT;ssf] ?kdf btf{ ePsf 8fS6/, slj/fh, x]Ny
cl;:6]G6 jf j}B ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-u_ Knf:6Ls ;h{/L afx]s ;a} lsl;dsf] lr/kmf/ -;lh{sn ck/];g_ ubf{
nfu]sf] aLn adf]lhdsf] vr{ .
-3_ cfˆgf] 3/ jf 8]/f 5f]8L csf]{ lhNnfdf jf ljb]zdf uO{ cf}iflw pkrf/
u/fpFbf To:tf] :yfg ;Dd k'Ubfsf] / kms{+bfsf] aL/fdLsf] / s'?jf
rflxg] cj:yf eP Ps hgf s'?jf ;Ddsf] oftfoft vr{sf] k'/} /sd
/ vfgf vr{ jfkt ;DalGwt k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd kfpg] b}lgs eQfsf] krxQ/ k|ltzt /sd .

50
 -#_ o; lgod adf]lhd kfpg] pkrf/ vr{ k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/Ln] k]ZsLsf]
?kdf lng rfx]df / ;f] sf] sf/0f dgfl;j b]lvPdf o; lgodsf] clwgdf /xL kl5 lx;fj
a'emfpg] u/L k]ZsL lbg ;lsg]5 . To;/L k]ZsL lnPsf] /sd kl5 lx;fj ubf{ pkrf/ jfkt
kfpg] /sd eGbf a9L x'g cfPdf a9L eP hlt /sd ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] tnaaf6
ls:tfjGbLdf s6[L ul/g]5 . To;/L s6[L ug'{ kg]{ /sd e'Qmflg gx'+b} ;DalGwt sd{rf/L jf
lghsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf] d[To' ePdf s6[L ug{ jfFls /x]sf] /sd ldGxf x'g]5 .

-$_ e'm7\7f Joxf]/f k]z u/L o; lgod adf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ dfu ug]{ jf k|fKt
ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/jfxL x'g]5 / To:tf] e'm7\7f Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft ug]{ :jLs[t
lrlsT;s sd{rf/L ePdf lgh pk/ cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf n]lv
k7fOg]5 .
-%_ eljiodf k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 jvf{:t
ul/Psf]] cj:yfdf afx]s c? h'g;'s} Joxf]/faf6 k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/L ;]jfaf6 cnu x'Fbf o;
lgod adf]lhd ;]jf cjlwe/df kfpg] pkrf/ vr{dWo] s]xL lnO{ jf glnO{ pkrf/ vr{ lng
afFsL /x]sf] eP To:tf] afFls /sd Psd''i6 lng kfpg]5 .

t/ aL; jif{ ;]jf u/L ;]jfaf6 cnu ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] pkrf/ vr{ jfkt lng
jfFsL /sddf jL; jif{, aL; jif{ eGbf dfly klRr; jif{ eGbf sd / klRr; jif{ jf ;f]
eGbf a9L ;]jf cjlw ePsf] sd{rf/Ln] s|dzM bz, kGw| / aL; k|ltzt yk u/L x'g cfpg]
/sd Psd'i7 lng kfpg]5 .

-^_ bz jif{ ;]jf cjlw gk'u]sf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ cf}iflw pkrf/sf] nflu vr{
lb+bf o; lgoddf tf]lsPsf] /sdnfO{ bz jif{ ;]jf u/] jfkt kfpg] /sd dfgL bfdf;fxLn]
x'g cfpg] /sd dfq lbOg] 5 .

-&_ o; lgod adf]lhd pkrf/ vr{ dfu ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g
g;Sg] u/L aL/fdL ePsf] cj:yfdf aL/fdL labf jfFls eP ;Dd aL/fdL labf g} dfu ug'{
kg]{5 . aL/fdL labf jfFsL gePdf dfq cGo labf dfu ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-*_ o; lgod adf]lhd :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf egf{ eO{ jf ljb]zdf uO{ pkrf/
u/fpg' kbf{ afx]s k|lti7fgsf sd{rff/LnfO{ Ps jif{df lghn] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] 8]9 dlxgfsf]
tna a/fa/sf] /sd ;Dd pkrf/ vr{ lbg ;lsg]5 . t/ o:tf] ;'ljwf ln+bf pklgod -!_
sf] xb eGbf j9L x'g] 5}g .

-(_ o; lgod adf]lhd k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Ln] kfPsf] pkrf/ vr{sf] clen]v

n]vf zfvfn] /fvL To:tf] laa/0f k|zf;g zfvfdf ;d]t /fVg k7fpg' kg]{5 .

51

*!= yk cfly{s ;xfotf M -!_ k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfdf jxfn /x]sf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ :j]bz tyf
ljb]zdf pkrf/ ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dfGotf k|fKt c:ktfnn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] cfwf/df
lgod *) sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd kfpg] pkrf/ vr{sf] cltl/Qm lgod &) sf] pklgod
-@_ adf]lhdsf] pk;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df ;ldltn] plrt 7x/\ofPsf] yk cfly{s ;xfotf
/sd lbO{g]5 .

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] pk;ldltn] yk cfly{s ;xfotfsf] nflu /sd l;kmfl/; ubf{
s8f /f]usf] xsdf pkrf/ ubf{ nfu]sf] /sdsf] aLn adf]lhd j9Ldf kfFr nfv ?k}+of;Dd
l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .

:kli6s/0f M o; lgodsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu "s8f /f]u" eGgfn] d[uf}nf, d'6' / SofG;/ ;DjGwL
/f]unfO{ hgfpg]5 .

kl/R5]b - (
cWoog / tfnLddf dgf]gog ;DaGwL Joj:yf
*@= cWoog jf tfnLddf dgf]gogsf] cfwf/x?M M cWoog jf tfnLdsf] lgldQ k|lti7fgsf
sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ dgf]gog ubf{ b]xfosf] cfwf/df dgf]gog ul/g]5 M

-s_ cWoog jf tfnLdsf] ljifo ;DalGwt sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf] ;]jf /

;d"xsf] lgldQ pkof]uL / cfjZos ePsf] .
-v_ cWoog jf tfnLdsf] nflu k|fKt 5fqj[lQdf dgf]gogsf] nflu
tf]lsPsf] cfjZostfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ z}lIfs of]Uotf, Ho]i7tf /
sfo{;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg jfkt a9L cÍ kfpg] sd{rf/L dWo]
k|fyfldstfsf] cfwf/df .
-u_ tLg jif{ :yfoL ;]jf cjlw k"/f ePsf] .

*#= dgf]gog ubf{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{ M g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ljb]zL ;/sf/ jf s'g} lgsfoaf6
pknØw x'g] ljifodf ljb]zdf cWoog jf tfnLdsf] lgldQ sd{rf/Lsf] dgf]gog ubf{ klxn]
j}b]lzs cWoog ug]{, tfnLd lng] jf cWoog e|d0f ug]{ df}sf gkfPsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ lgod
*@ sf] cwLgdf /xL k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .

:kli6s/0f M o; kl/R5]bsf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ M

-!_ cWoog" eGgfn] ;]jf;+u ;DalGwt ljifodf :gfts, :gftsf]Q/ jf s'g}

z}lIfs pkflw xfl;n ug{sf] lgldQ ul/g] cWoognfO{ hgfPsf] dflgg]5 .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

52
 -@_ tfnLd eGgfn] :gfts, :gftsf]Q/ jf s'g} z}lIfs pkflw k|bfg ul/g] afx]s s'g}
;+ul7t ;+:yfåf/f lglZrt kf7\oqmd cg';f/ lglZrt cjlwdf ;+rfng x'g] k|lzIf0f
sfo{qmdnfO{ hgfPsf] dflgg]5 .

*$= dgf]gog Mk|lti7fgnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] s'g} klg cWoog tyf tfnLdsf] 5fqj[lQdf sfo{sf/L
lgb]{zsn] lgod *# ;d]tsf] cwLgdf /xL pko'Qm sd{rf/L dgf]gog ug]{5 .

*%= dgf]gogdf jGb]h M o; lgoddf o; cl3 h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg lgod #&
adf]lhd a9'afsf] nflu ;DefØo pDd]bjf/ x'g gkfpg] cjlwe/ s'g}klg sd{rf/LnfO{ cWoog
jf tfnLdsf] nflu dgf]gog ug{ x'b}g .
*^= cWoog jf tfnLd k"/f u/]kl5 ;]jf ug'{ kg]{ cjlw M Ps dlxgf eGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu
k|lti7fgaf6 dgf]gog eO{ cWoog ug]{ jf tfnLd lng] sd{rf/Ln] To:tf] cWoog jf tfnLd
k"/f u/]kl5 b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cjlw;Dd clgjfo{ ?kn] k|lti7fgdf ;]jf ug'{ kg]{5 M–

cWoog jf tfnLdsf] cjlw ;]jf ug'{ kg]{ Go"gtd cjlw

-s_ Ps dlxgf eGbf a9L tLg dlxgf;Dd Ps jif{
-v_ tLg dlxgf eGbf a9L 5 dlxgf ;Dd 8]9 jif{
-u_ 5 dlxgf eGbf a9L gf} dlxgf ;Dd b'O{ jif{
-3_ gf} dlxgf eGbf a9L Ps jif{ ;Dd tLg jif{
-ª_ Ps jif{ eGbf a9L b'O{ jif{ ;Dd rf/ jif{
-r_ b'O{ jif{ eGbf a9L tLg jif{ ;Dd kfFr jif{
-5_ tLg jif{ eGbf a9L 5 jif{

*&= sj'lnot ug'{ kg]{ M -!_ k|lti7fgsf] dgf]gogdf s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] Ps dlxgf eGbf a9L
cjlwsf] nflu cWoog jf tfnLd lng hfg' eGbf cl3 To:tf] cWoog jf tfnLd k"/f u/L
kms]{/ cfO{ lgod *^ adf]lhdsf] ;]jf ug{ cg';"rL -!@ adf]lhd sj'lnot ug'{ kg]{5_ .
-@_ s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/]kl5 ;]jf ug{
gcfPdf jf lgod *^ adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f gu/]df To:tf] sd{rf/Laf6 cWoog jf
tfnLd cjlwe/ lghn] kfPsf] tnj eQf tyf sj'lnotdf pNn]v ePsf cGo /sdx? ;d]t
tf]lsPsf] cjlw leq gj'emfPdf ;/sf/L jfFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .
-#_ k|lti7fgsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ lghL k|of;df uPsf sd{rf/Ln] cWoog,
tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/] kl5 cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fdf JotLt u/]sf]
cjlw a/fa/ ;]jf ug{ cg';"rL - !@s adf]lhd sa'lnot ug'{ kg]{5 .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

53
 -$_ pklgod -!_ / -#_ adf]lhd cWoog ug{ uPsf sd{rf/Ln] cWoog, tfnLd
jf cWoog e|d0f k"/f u/] kl5 ;]jf ug{ gcfPdf jf ;]jf cjlw k"/f gu/]df To:tf
sd{rf/Lsf] cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog e|d0fsf] cjlw lghsf] ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g]
5}g .
-%_ o; lgoddf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPtfklg cWoog, tfnLd jf cWoog
e|d0fdf uPsf sd{rf/L clgjfo{ cjsfz ePsf] jf d[To' ePsf] sf/0fn] lgod *^ adf]lhdsf] ;]jf
cjlw k"/f ug{ g;s]df lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/af6 s'g} /sd c;'n pk/ ul/g] 5}g .

kl/R5]b – !)
sfod d'sfod / lgldQ ;DaGwL Joj:yf

**= sfod d'sfod jf lgldQ d's// gul/g] M sfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] kbdf afx]s cGo kbdf
sfod d'sfod jf lgldQ d's// ul/g]5}g .

*(= sfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ M -!_ k|lti7fgsf] sfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] kb l/Qm
/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] kbdf xfnjfnf lgo'Qm geP;Dd a9Ldf 5 dlxgf cjlwsf] nflu h]i7
sd{rf/LnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfod d'sfod d's// ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ k|lti7fgsf] sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs aL/fdL eO{ jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] 5f]6f]
cjlwsf] nflu cg'kl:yt ePdf lgh dftxtsf] lgs6td h]i7 sd{rf/Ln] lghsf] lgldQ
hgfO{ b}lgs sfo{ ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{5 .

t/ tLg lbg eGbf a9L cjlw;Dd lgldQ eO{ sfo{ ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf cfO{ k/]df
;f] sf] Joxf]/f To:tf] lgldQ eO{ sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] dGqfnonfO{ ;"rgf ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd sfod d'sfod eO{ jf pklgod -@_
adf]lhd lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf]df To; kbdf sfd u/]sf] cjlwsf] axL -lx;fa_
a'emfpg] s'/fdf ;d]t lghsf] pQ/bfloTj x'g]5 .

()= sfod d'sfod jf lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf] tna eQf kfpg] M s'g} sd{rf/Ln] sfod
d'sfod eO{ jf kGw| lbg eGbf a9L cjlw lgldQ eO{ sfd u/]sf]df To;/L sfd ug]{
sd{rf/Ln] sfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] kbsf] tna eQf To;/L sfd u/]sf] ldlt b]lv kfpg]5 .

54
 kl/R5]b - !!
cfr/0f
(!= ;do kfng / lgoldttf M sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgaf6 lgwf{l/t ;dodf lgoldt ?kn]
sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g' kb{5 / labfsf] :jLs[lt glnO{ sfdaf6 cg'kl:yt x'g' x'+b}g .

(@= cg'zf;g / cf1fkfng M -!_ k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Ln] cg'zf;gdf /xL cfkm\gf] st{Jo
OdfGbf/L / tTk/tfsf] ;fy kfng ug'{ kb{5 .

-@_ sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgsf] sfd cfk"m eGbf dflysf] clws[tn] lbPsf] cf1fnfO{
lz3|tfsf ;fy k"/f ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Ln] cfk"meGbf dflysf] ;a} sd{rf/Lx? k|lt plrt cfb/ b]vfpg'
kg]{5 / cfk"m d'lgsf sd{rf/Lx? k|lt plrt Jojxf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

(#= /fhg}lts jf cjf~5gLo k|efj kfg{ gx'g] M k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Ln] cfkm\gf] ;]jf ;DaGwL
s'/fdf dtna ;fWo ug]{ dg;fon] cGo sd{rf/L dfly s'g} /fhg}lts jf cjf~5gLo k|efj kfg{
jf k|efj kfg]{ k|oTg ug'{ x'b}g .

($= /fhgLltdf efu lng gx'g] M k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Ln] /fhgLltdf efu lng x'Fb}g .
(%= ;/sf/sf] cfnf]rgf ug{ gx'g] M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLltsf] ljk/Lt x'g] u/L jf g]kfn
;/sf/ / hgtfsf] kf/:kl/s ;DaGwdf jf s'g} ljb]zL /fi6s;+usf] ;DaGwdf vnn kg{ ;Sg] u/L
jf k|lti7fgsf] gLlt ljkl/t k|lti7fgsf] dof{bfdf vnn k'Ug ;Sg] u/L s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf]
jf:tljs jf sfNklgs gfdaf6 jf a]gfdL s'g} n]v, ;"rgf cflb k|sflzt ug{, k|];nfO{ s'g} vj/
lbg, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg jf cGo s'g} ;dfrf/sf] dfWodåf/f efif0f k|;fl/t ug{, s'g} ;fj{hlgs
efif0f lbg jf s'g} jQmJo k|sflzt ug{ x'Fb}g .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg k|rlnt sfg"g / g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
gLltsf] ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L n]v, /rgf cflb k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .

(^= k|lti7fgsf] sfdsfh cyjf ;dfrf/ k|sfzg ug{df k|ltjGw M k|lti7fgsf] s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln]
k|lti7fg jf g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f clVtof/ gkfO{ cfk"mn] ;/sf/L st{Jo kfng ubf{ hfgsf/Ldf
cfPsf] s'g} uf]Ko jf sfg"gåf/f lgif]lwt ljifo cfk"mn] n]v]sf] jf ;+sng u/]sf] s'g} sfuhkq jf
;dfrf/ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kaf6 c? cglws[t sd{rf/L jf JolQm jf k|];nfO{ lbg' jf atfpg'
x'Fb}g . of] k|ltjGw h'g;'s} sf/0faf6 k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz k|fKt JolQmsf] xsdf ;d]t
nfu" /xg]5 .

(&= bfg, pkxf/, rGbf cflb k|fKt ug{ / ;fk6L lngdf k|ltjGw M -!_ k|lti7fgdf c;/ kg{ ;Sg]
u/L s'g} klg sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt ljgf cfk"mn] jf cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:oåf/f
s;}af6 s'g} k|sf/sf] bfg, bftJo, sf];]nL jf pkxf/ :jLsf/ ug{ jf rGbf dfUg jf sfd;+u
;DalGwt JolQm;+u ;fk6L lng x'Fb}g .

55
 -@_ k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Ln] s'g} ljb]zL ;/sf/ jf ljb]zL ;/sf/sf] s'g}
k|ltlglwaf6 s'g} pkxf/ k|fKt x'g cfPdf lghn] k|lti7fgnfO{ ;f] s'/fsf] ;"rgf lbO{ lgsf;f
eP adf]lhd ug'{ k5{ .

(*= sDkgLsf] :yfkgf / ;+rfng tyf Jofkf/ Joj;fo ug{ gx'g] M -!_ k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Ln]
k|lti7fgsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt glnO{ b]xfosf] sfd ug'{ xF+'b}g M–

-s_ s'g} a}+s jf sDkgLsf] :yfkgf, /lhi6]«zg jf ;+rfngsf] sfddf efu

lng,
-v_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd btf{ u/fpg' kg]{ s'g} Jofkf/ jf Joj;fo ug{,

-u_ ===================

-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
tyf k|lti7fgsf] gLlt ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L ;flxlTos, j}1flgs jf snfTds sfo{ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

((= lgjf{rgdf efu lng gx'g] M k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Ln] s'g} klg /fhg}lts kbsf] nflu
x'g] lgjf{rgdf efu lng jf s;}sf] lgldQ dt dfUg jf s'g} k|sf/sf] k|efj kfg{ xF'b]g .

t/ s;nfO{ dt lbPsf] jf lbg] ljrf/ u/]sf] s'/f k|s6 gu/L k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd cfk"mn] kfPsf] dtbfgsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .


((s=cGoq gf]s/L jf ;]jf ug{{ gx'g] M-!_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] cGoq s'g} k|sf/sf] gf]s/L ug{
jf cfly{s nfe jf s'g} ;'ljwf k|fKt ug{] u/L k/fdz{bftf, ;Nnfxsf/, ljz]if1 jf s'g}
x}l;otn] ;]jf k|bfg ug{] sfo{ ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-@_ pklgod -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] sfo{ ug{ afwf
k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g M–
-s_ cfˆgf] kbLo st{Jo kfngfsf] jf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] jf
nufPsf] sfo{ ubf{sf] l;nl;nfdf s;}nfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{,
-v_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cWoog ljbf lnO{ :jb]zL jf ljb]zL z}lIfs
;+:yfdf s'g} ;]jf k'¥ofpg jf To:tf] ;+:yfn] nufPsf] s'g} sfo{ ug{,


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f lemlsPsf] .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

56
 -u_ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o z}lIfs, k|fl1s jf cg';Gwfgd"ns ;+3;+:yf jf
g]kfn ;b:o /fi6« /x]sf] If]qLo jf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfn] ;]jf ;DalGwt
;]jf, ;d"x, pk;d"xsf] nflu pkof]uL x'g] b]lv clVtof/jfnfn] ljbf jf
sfh :jLs[t u/]sf]df ;DalGwt lgsfodf ;]jf ug{,
-3_ clVtof/jfnfsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L
:jb]z jf ljb]zl:yt sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g, k|jrg lbg jf sfo{kq
k|:t't ug{,
-ª_ clVtof/jfnfsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt lnO{ sfof{no ;do afx]ssf] ;dodf
z}lIfs, k|fl1s jf k|lzIf0f ;+:yfdf k|lzIf0f jf cg';Gwfg ug{,
-r_ g]kfn ;/sf/4f/f ;~rflnt jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k"0f{ jf cf+lzs
:jfldTj jf lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] k|lzIf0f ;+:yfdf sfof{nosf] sfddf afwf
gkg{] u/L k|lzIf0f ;DaGwL sfo{ jf cg';Gwfg ug{,
-5_ sfof{nosf] sfddf afwf gkg{] u/L dfgj sNof0f, k/f]ksf/ jf
;fdflhs enfO{sf nflu ;]jf k'¥ofpg,
-h_ cfly{s nfe jf s'g} ;'ljwf glng], sfof{nosf] sfddf afwf gkg{] /
k|lti7fgsf] clxt gx'g] u/L cfkm\gf] k]zfut ;+u7g jf cGo s'g}
;fdflhs ;+:yfdf cfj4 x'g .
:ki6Ls/0f Mo; v08sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu …… ;fdflhs ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] ;fdflhs
cfjZostf k'/f ug{ l;nl;nfdf k/Dk/f b]lv ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t eO{ ;dfhdf
lqmoflzn /x]sf ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] ;flxTo, snf , ;+:s[lt, v]ns'b, ;+uLt, lj1fg, wd{ jf o:t}
cGo s'g} ljwf jf If]q;+u ;DalGwt ;+:yfnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .

((v= :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lng gx'g] Mk|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Ln] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lng jf
To:tf] cg'dlt k|fKt ug{sf] nflu cfjb]g lbg x'Fb}g .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

57
!))= k|bz{g / x8tfn ug{ k|ltaGw M k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Ln] g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf /
cv08tfdf cfFr cfpg] u/L, b]zsf] zflGt, ;'/Iff, j}b]lzs ;DjGw / ;fj{hlgs dof{bf tyf
cbfntsf] lg0f{osf] cjx]ngf x'g] u/L, ljleÌ hft, hftL, wd{, ju{, If]q / ;Dk|bfosf
dflg;x? aLr j}dg:o pTkGg u/fpg] jf ;fDk|bflos b"ef{jgf k}mnfpg] u/L jf s'g}
ck/fwnfO{ k|>o x'g] u/L k|bz{g ug{, x8tfndf efu lng jf ;f] sfo{ ug]{ pb]Zon] c?nfO{
pS;fpg ;d]t x'Fb}g .

!)!= x8tfn, y'g5]s tyf 3]/fp ug{df k|ltaGw M sd{rf/Ln] k|rlnt sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t
st{Jo k"/f ug{df afwf la/f]w x'g] u/L x8tfn jf snd aGb ug{ tyf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s
pTkL8g x'g] u/L bjfj lbg jf ;f] ug]{ pb]Zon] c?nfO{ pS;fpg ;d]t x'Fb}g .

!)@= k|ltlglwTj ug{df k|ltaGw M k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mnfO{ dsf{ k/]sf] ljifodf cfkm}n] jf
jf/];åf/f ;DalGwt lgsfo jf clwsf/L ;dIf lgj]bg lbg afx]s c? JolQm jf ;d"xsf]
tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug{ x'Fb}g .

!)@sk|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] 6`]8 o'lgog ;DjGwL Joj:yf M k|lti7fgsf clws[t :t/
tx & jf ;f] eGbf d'lgsf sd{rf/Lx?n] cfˆgf] k]zfut xs lxtsf nflu k|rlnt sfg"g
adf]lhd 6««]8 o"lgog u7g ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

!)#= ;DklQ ljj/0f M -!_ k|lti7fgsf k|To]s sd{rf/Ln] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] ;f7L lbg leq
cg';"rL–!# adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf ;DklQ laj/0f k|lti7fg dfkm{t dGqfnodf k]z ug'{ kg{]5 .
-@_ gofF lgo'lQm x'g] sd{rf/Ln] pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;DklQ ljj/0f
lgo'lQm ePsf] ;f7L lbg leq k]z ug'{ kg{]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq ;DklQ ljj/0f ga'emfpg]
sd{rf/Lx?sf] jflif{s ljj/0f k|lti7fgn] dGqfnodf To:tf] ljj/0f bflvnf ug'{ kg{] clGtd
Dofb ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbg leq k7fO{ ;Sg' kg{]5 .
-$_ sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] jf cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:osf] gfddf s'g} crn
;DklQ vl/b u/L jf cGoq s'g} tl/sf4f/f k|fKt u/]df To;/L vl/b jf k|fKt u/]sf] Ps
dlxgf leq To; afkt nfu]sf] df]n ;d]tsf] ljj/0f vf]nL k|lti7fg dfkm{t dGqfnodf k]z
ug'{ kg{]5 .

!)$= cfˆgf] ;]jf / kb cg';f/sf] cfr/0f kfng ug'{ kg]{ M k|lti7fgsf] k|To]s sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf]
;]jf / kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f ;d]t kfng ug'{ kg]{5 .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt .

58

!)$s oftgf lbg gx'g] M -!_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] s;}nfO{ klg oftgf lbg' x'Fb]g .

-@_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] of}ghGo b'Jo{jxf/ / 3/]n' lx+;f ;DjGwL sfo{

ug'{ u/fpg' x'Fb}g .

!)$v cGo cfr/0f M -!_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] sfof{nodf sfd ubf{ ;j} k|lt lzi6
Jojxf/ ug'[{ kg]{5 .

-@_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] sfof{no tyf kb cg';f/ cfO{kg]{

lhDd]jf/LnfO{ dof{bfk"j{s jxg u/L lgikIf, :jR5 tyf l56f] 5l/tf] ?kdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{
kg]{5 .

-@s=_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] :jfy{ ufFl;Psf] ljifosf] lg0f{odf ;+nUg
x'g' x'Fb}g .

-#_k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgsf] s'g} klg ;DklQsf] k|of]u jf pkof]u

3/fo;L sfo{{sf] nflu ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-$_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgsf] tnj eQf vfg] u/L lgo'Qm ePsf]
s'g} klg sd{rf/LnfO{ sfof{no sfddf jfx]s cfˆgf] 3/fo;L sfddf nufpg' x'Fb]g .


-%_ sd{rf/Lx? /fhg}lts ?kdf t6:y x'g' k5{ .

-^_ sd{rf/Ln] sfof{nosf] sfddf cj/f]w ;[hgf ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

-&_ sd{rf/Ln] ;]jfu|fxL k|lt ;Ddfghgs Jojxf/ ug'{ kg{]5 .

-*_ sd{rf/Ln] sfof{no / kbnfO{ JolQmut nfesf] nflu k|of]u ug'{ x'Fb}g .

-(_ sd{rf/Ln] ;fdfGo lzi6frf/, ;bfrf/ / g}ltstf sfod /fVg' kg{]5 .

-!)_ sd{rf/Ln] /rgfTds ;'emfj lbg] jfx]s ;/sf/ / k|lti7fgsf] cfnf]rgf
ug'{ x'Fb}g .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

59
 
-!!_ sd{rf/Ln] sfg"g adf]lhd ;"rgf k|bftfsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ afx]s uf]kgLotf sfod
ug{' kg{]5 .

-!@_ sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgsf ;DklQ xflg gf]S;fg ug'{ x'Fb}g .

-!#_ cjsfz ePsf] clws[t:t/sf] sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgsf] :jfy{ aflemPsf
cGo ;+:yfdf cjsfz ePsf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{;Dd lgo'lQm x'g kfpg] 5}g .

-!$_ sd{rf/L s'g} klg ck/fwhGo sfd sf/jfxLdf ;+nUg x'g' x'Fb}g .

!)$u ;]jfu|fxL k|ltsf] Jojxf/ M -!_ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] cfˆgf] sfd;+u ;DjlGwt
;]jfu|fxL k|lt dof{lbt Jojxf/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ ;]jfu|fxLsf sfd;+u ;DjlGwt ljifo, k|lqmof / sfd ;Dkfbg ug{ nfUg] ;do
;d]tsf] :ki6 hfgsf/L ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ oyf;dodf u/fpg' kg]{5 .

!)%= r]tfjgL lbg ;Sg] M k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/Ln] ;do kfng gu/]df, k|lti7fgsf] sfd
;DaGwL s'/fdf cfk"meGbf dflysf] sd{rf/Ln] lbPsf] cf1f kfng gu/]df jf sfof{no ;DaGwL
sfddf nfk/jfxL jf l9nf;':tL u/]df To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;DalGwt ;'kl/j]Ifsn] sf/0f vf]nL
r]tfjgL lbg ;Sg]5 / ;f]sf] clen]v ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut ljj/0f kmfO{ndf /fVg'
kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b - !@
;hfo / k'g/fj]bg

!)^= ;hfo M plrt / kof{Kt sf/0f ePdf k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljefuLo
;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 M–

-s_ ;fdfGo ;hfo M

-!_ gl;xt lbg] ,

-@_ b'O{ jif{;Dd j9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ jf a9Ldf b'O{ tna a[l4 /f]Ssf
ug]{,
-#_ b'O{ jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd j9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{ b]lv kfFr
tnj j[l4 ;Dd /f]Ssf ug]{ .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

60
 -v_ ljz]if ;hfo M

-!_ eljiodf k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L

;]jfaf6 x6fpg] .
-@_ eljiodf k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L
;]jfaf6 avf{:t ug]{ .

!)&=gl;xt lbg] jf j9Ldf b'O{ tna a[l4 jf b'O{ jif{ ;Dd a9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ M b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ gl;xt lbg] jf j9Ldf b'O{ tnj j[l4 /f]Ssf ug]{ jf
b'O{ jif{;Dd j9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-s_ lghn] ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfd ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf,

-v_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd a/a'emf/y gu/]df,
-u_ lgod !)% adf]lhd Ps jif{df b'O{ k6s;Dd lnlvt r]tfjgL
kfPdf,
-3_ o; lgod jf k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] kbLo bfloTj lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s
k"/f gu/]df,
-ª_ ;]jfu|fxLsf] kL/dsf{ / ph'/L k6s k6s j]jf:tf u/]sf] ;DjGwdf
cfk"meGbf dflyNnf] clwsf/Ln] lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfngf gu/]df .
-r_ sfo{ ljj/0f nfu" ug]{ u/fpg] bfloTj ePsf] kbflwsf/Ln] ;f] sfo{
gu/]df .

-5_ k|lti7fgsf] lxt lrtfO{ lhDd]jf/Lk"j{s sfo{ gu/]df ,

-h_ a/a'emf/y gu/]df,

-em_ Ps jif{df b'O{ k6s;Dd r]tfjgL kfPdf

-`_ Ps jif{df b'O{ k6s eGbf a9L ;r]t u/fPdf ,

-6_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k]ZsL k5of}{6 gu/]df,

-7_ Joj:yfkg k/LIf0faf6 lgoldt ug{ lbOPsf] lgb{]zg kfng gu/]df,

-8_ sfg"g adf]lhd k"/f ug{' kg{] st{Jo k"/f gu/]df,

-9_ k|lti7fgaf6 x'g] vr{df nfk/jfxL u/]df .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

61

!)&s b'O{ jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd j9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{ jf b'O{b]lv kfFr tnj j[l4 ;Dd /f]Ssf ug]{ M
b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/LnfO{ b'O{ jif{b]lv kfFr jif{;Dd j9'jf /f]Ssf ug]{
jf b'O{ b]lv kfFr tnj j[l4;Dd /f]Ssf ug]{ ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-s_ cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]df,
-v_ o; lgodx?df plNnlvt cfr/0f ;DjGwL s'/fx? pn++‹g u/]df,
-u_ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd k]ZsL km5of}{6 gu/]df,
-3_ Joj:yfkg k/LIf0faf6 b]lvPsf clgoldttf ;DjGwdf lbPsf] lgb]{zg
kfngf gu/]df,
-ª_ k"j{ :jLs[lt glnO{ a/fa/ sfof{nodf cg'kl:yt /x]df,

!)*= ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf a/vf:t ug]{ M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf sd{rf/LnfO{ eljiodf
k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo g7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .

-s_ sd{rf/Ln] cof]Uotfsf] sf/0fn] cfˆgf] kbsf] sfd jf lhDd]jf/L k"/f

ug{ g;s]df .
-v_ cfr/0f ;DaGwL s'/f a/fa/ pNn+3g u/]df .
-u_ sfof{no ;dodf a/fa/ dfbs kbfy{ jf nfu" kbfy{sf] ;]jg u/]df .
-3_ a/fa/ cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]df .
-ª _ /fhgLltdf efu lnPdf .
-r_ cfˆgf] kbsf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] a/fa/ j]jf:tf u/]df .
-5_ labf :jLs[t gu/fO{ nuftf/ gAa] lbg;Dd k|lti7fgdf cg'kl:yt
/x]df .

-@_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ eljiodf k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfsf]

lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-s_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}Hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 s;'/bf/ 7xl/Pdf

.
-v_ e|i6frf/ u/]sf] 7x/]df .

-u_ :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dlt lnPdf jf ;f] sf] nflu cfj]bg lbPdf,

-3_ lgo'lQm x'g] jf axfn /xg] p2]Zon] gful/stf, pd]/ jf of]Uotf
9fF6]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

62
 
!)*s ljefuLo sf/jfxL / ;hfo ;DjGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M !_ o; lgodfjnLdf
cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u P]g, @)$*
adf]lhd ;f] cfof]uaf6 / k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;DjlGwt lgsfon] k|lti7fgsf s'g}
sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug{ n]lvcfPdf cfjZos k|lqmof k'/\ofO{ ;f]xL adf]lhd
ljefuLo ;hfo ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg lgod (!

ljkl/t ljbf glnO{ k|lti7fgdf cg'kl:yt x'g] sd{rf/LnfO{ uon / tna s6[L ug{ ;lsg]5 .
o;/L uon ePsf] cjlw ;]jf cjlwdf u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .

-#_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg ljbf :jLs[t

gu/fO{ nuftf/ gAa] lbg eGbf j9L cjlw cg'kl:yt x'g] sd{rf/LnfO{ uon s6[L u/L xflh/
u/fpg ;lsg] 5}g . xflh/ u/fPdf To;/L xflh/ u/fpg] kbflwsf/LnfO{ lgod !)&
adf]lhd ljefuLo sf/jfxL x'g]5 / To;/L xflh/ u/fPsf] sd{rf/Ln] vfPsf] tnj eQf
;d]t To;/L xflh/L u/fpg] kbflwsf/Laf6 k|lti7fgsf] afls ;/x c;'n pk/ u/fpg]5 .

!)*v ljefuLo sf/jfxL / ;hfo ;DjGwL ;fdfGo Joj:yfM k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfsf kbdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/jfxL / ;hfo ubf{ ;fdfGotof b]xfosf lgodsf] kfngf ug{'
kg{]5 M–
-s_ clwsf/ If]q gePsf] ljifodf s'g} sf/jfxL / lg0f{o gug{],
-v_ tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gn] ;hfo gx'g] sfd u/] jfkt s;}nfO{ ljefuLo
sf/jfxL gug{],
-u_ ;kmfO{ ;Gtf]ifhgs gePsf] eGg] nfu]df ;f]sf] sf/0f v'nfpg' kg{],
-3_ ljz]if ;hfo ubf{ clgjfo{ ?kdf :ki6Ls/0f dfu ug'{ kg{],
-ª_ ;kmfO{ dfu ubf{ s;'\/ / :ki6L/s/0f dfu ubf{ s;"/ / ;hfo ls6fg ug'{
kg{],
-r_ cf/f]lkt sd{rf/L axfndf /lx/xFbf ljefuLo sf/jfxLsf] cg';Gwfgdf cj/f]w
x'g] jf em'§f k|df0f k]z x'g ;Sg] jf ;a'b k|df0f ufoa x'g ;Sg] cj:yfdf
To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ lgnDag ug{ ;Sg],
-5_ ljefuLo ;hfo ubf{ s;"/sf] dfqf / pNn3+g u/]sf] cfr/0f / cg'zf;gsf
lgodsf] uDeL/tfsf] cfwf/df ug{],


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

63
 -h_ k6s k6s s;"/ ug{] jf cfr/0f jf cg'zf;g pNn3+g ug{]nfO{ k6s] sfod
u/L yk jf 7"nf] ;hfo ug{],
-em_ sf/jfxL / ;hfoaf6 aRg jf sf/afxL k|lqmof pNn3+g ug{ k|of; u/]df jf
cfkm} ;+ul7t tl/sfaf6 cg'lrt bjfa lbPdf jf lbg nufPdf cfwf/ /
sf/0f vf]nL yk ;hfo lbg ;Sg],
-~f_ s;"/ ug{ jf cfr/0f jf cg'zf;gsf lgod pNn3+g ug{ c?nfO{ klg
pS;fpg] jf e8\sfpg] sfo{ u/]sf] cfwf/df k|df0f ePdf sf/0f vf]nL yk
;hfo ug{ ;Sg],
-6_ gftfleqsf] sd{rf/Lsf] / cfˆgf] lxt :jfy{ ePsf]df lg0f{o gug{],
-7_ k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ n]vL
k7fPsf]df tf]lsPsf] clwsf/Ln] cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f u/L ljefuLo ;hfo
ug{],
-8_ lgldQ eO{ sfd ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] clwsf/Ln] Goflos k|s[ltsf] lg0f{o
gug{],
-9_ k|fs[lts Gofosf cfwf/e"t l;4fGt ljk/Lt gx'g] u/L lg0f{o ug{] .

!)(= ;hfo lbg] / k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/L M -!_ sd{rf/LnfO{ ;hfo lbg] / k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
clwsf/L b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M—

lgod !)^ sf] v08 ;f] ;hfo pk/ lgod !)^ sf] v08 ;f] ;hfo pk/
-s_ adf]lhdsf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] -v_ adf]lhdsf] ljz]if k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
;fdfGo ;hfo lbg clwsf/L ;hfo lbg kfpg] clwsf/L clwsf/L
kfpg] clwsf/L
sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;ldltsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ;ldlt
sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] ;hfo pk/ lrQ gj'e\mg] sd{rf/Ln] ;f] ;hfo kfPsf]
ldltn] k}Flt; lbg leq ;ldltsf] cWoIf ;dIf k'g/fj]bg lbg kpg]5 . o;/L k'g/fj]bg kg{
cfPdf cWoIfn] ;ldltsf] Ps hgf ;b:o / dGqfnosf] Ps hgf sfg"g clws[t ;lxtsf]
Ps 5fgaLg ;ldlt u7g ug]{5 . o; ;ldltn] 5fgaLg u/L k]z u/]sf] /fo 7x/sf] cfwf/df
pQm k'g/fj]bg dfly ;ldltn] gAj] lbg leq lg0f{o lbg' kg]{5 .

64
 -#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ;ldltn] lbPsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 t/
k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cbfntdf hfg kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ of] Joj:yfn] aGb]h nufPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .

!!)= lgnDjg ug]{ M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf lgod !)* df n]lvPsf] s'g} cleof]usf]
hfFra'em ug'{ k/]df hfFra'em ;dfKt gx'Gh]n;Dd pQm sd{rf/LnfO{ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg
kfpg] clwsf/Ln] lgnDjg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

t/ b]xfosf] cj:yf geO{ ;fwf/0ftof lgnDjg ul/g] 5}g M

-s_ lgnDjg gu/L cf]xbfsf] sfd ug{ lb+bf e'm7f ;j"t k|df0f ;+sng ug{
;lsg] jf cfˆgf] lj?4sf] ;j"t k|df0f ufoj ug{ ;Sg] ;+efjgf
b]lvPdf, jf
-v_ lgnDjg gu/L cf]xbfsf] sfd ug{ lb+bf k|lti7fgsf] xfgL gf]S;fgL x'g]
;Defjgf b]lvPdf .

-u_ cfˆgf] lxt /Iffsf] nflu dftxt sd{rf/LnfO{ cg'lrt k|efjdf kfg{
;Sg] ;Defjgf ePdf .

-@_ k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf j/vf:t ug]{ cleof]usf]

;"rgf lbg'sf] ;fy} lghnfO{ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] lgnDag ;d]t ug{
;Sg]5 .

-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ lgnDjg ubf{ ;fwf/0ft M b'O{
dxLgf eGbf a9L ug'{ x'Fb}g . ;f] cjlw leq} sd{rf/L pk/sf] sf/jfO{ lsgf/f nufpg' kg]{5 .
s'g} c;fwf/0f cj:yf k/L pQm cjlwleq sf/jfO{ lsgf/f nufpg g;lsg] e} lgnDjgsf]
cjlw a9fpg' k/]df ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg] clwsf/Ln] sf/0f vf]nL Ps dxLgf ;Dd
lgnDagsf] cjlw j9fpg ;lsg]5 .

-$_ ========== kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf lu/k\mtf/ eO{ y'lgPsf] sd{rf/L To;/L



y'lgPsf] cjlwe/ :jtM lgnDjg ePsf] dflgg]5 .

!!!= lgnDjgsf] ;dflKt M s'g} sd{rf/L ;kmfO{ kfO{ cfˆgf] kbdf k'g M :yflkt ePdf lgod !!)
sf] pklgod -#_ adf]lhdsf] cjlw k"/f ePdf jf ;]jfaf6 x6fO{Pdf jf a/vf:t ul/Pdf
lghsf] lgnDjg :jt M ;dfKt x'g]5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f lemlsPsf] .

65
!!@= ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg' kg]{ M -!_ ljefuLo ;hfo lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] s'g}
sd{rf/LnfO{ ;hfo lbg] cfb]z lbg'eGbf cl3 sf/afxL ug{ nfluPsf] sf/0fsf] pNn]v u/L
;f] sd{rf/LnfO{ kGw| lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ cfˆgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug]{ df}sf lbg' kg]{5 . o;/L df}sf
lb+bf lghdfly nufO{Psf] cf/f]k :ki6 ?kn] lsl6Psf] / k|To]s cf/f]k s'g s'g s'/fdf /
sf/0fdf cfwfl/t 5 ;f] ;d]t v'nfpg' kg]{5 . To:tf]df ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] klg Dofb leq
cfˆgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug'{ kg]{5 / o;/L k]z x'g cfPsf] ;kmfO{nfO{ ;DalGwt clwsf/Ln]
uDeL/tfk"j{s dgg ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] cfjZos 7fg]df :jo+n]
hfFra"em ug{ ;Sg]5 . o:tf] hfFra"em ubf{ lgod !!% adf]lhdsf]] sfo{ljlw kfng ug'{ kg]{5 .

!!#= ljz]if ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg' eGbf klxn] ;hfo k|:tfj ug'{ kg]{ M ljz]if ;hfosf] cfb]z
lbg'eGbf klxn] ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] lgod !!@ sf] pklgod
-!_ adf]lhd ;kmfO{ k]z ug{ lbOPsf] Dofb leq ;kmfO{ k]z gu/]df jf k]z x'g cfPsf]
;kmfO{ ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg nfluPsf] k|:tfljt ;hfo lsg glbg'
egL To; ;DjGwdf tL; lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ :ki6Ls/0f dfUg' kg]{5 .

!!$= lgnDjg / ;kmfO{sf] df}sf M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ lgnDjg ug'{ k/]df ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg
kfpg] clwsf/Ln] lgnDjg kq / lgod !!@ sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;kmfO{ k]z ug{
n]lvPsf] kq ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ j'emfpg' kg]{5 .

-@_ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] s'g} sd{rf/L;Fu lgod !!@ sf]
pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ljefuLo hfFra'em u/L 7x/ ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!!%= hfFra'em ug]{ clws[tn] ckgfpg] sfo{ljlw M hfFra'em ug]{ clws[tnfO{ b]xfosf] sfo{ljlw
ckgfO{ ljefuLo hfFra'emsf] sf/jfxL rnfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 M

-s_ aofg u/fpg], lnlvt k|df0fx? bflvn u/fpg] / ;fIfLsf] gfddf

;dfJxfg hf/L ug]{ cflb ljifodf cbfntnfO{ eP ;/xsf] clwsf/
k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] .
-v_ cleof]u nfu]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] /f]xj/df ;j"b k|df0f a'e\mg] .
-u_ cleof]u nfu]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;fIfL;+u lh/x ug{ / cleof]u lj?4
;a"b k|df0f bflvn ug]{ df}sf lbg] .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt

66
!!^= ljefuLo hfFra'em ug'{ gkg]{ M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln]
s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ b]xfosf] ljefuLo ;hfo ug]{ ;DaGwdf ljefuLo hfFra'em u/L /xg' kg]{
5}g M –

-s_ lgod !)^ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;fdfGo ;hfo ug{ k/]df .
-v_ efuL kQf gnfu]sf] jf c? s'g} sf/0fn] ;Dks{ :yflkt ug{ c;Dej
ePsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ug{' k/]df .
-u_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}Hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntaf6 ck/fwL k|dfl0ft
ePsf] cfwf/df s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo lbg' k/]df .

!!&= ;kmfO{ ;Gtf]ifhgs gx'gfsf] sf/0f v'nfpg' kg]{ M ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] s'g}
sd{rf/L;Fu lgod !!# adf]lhd :kli6s/0f dfu ubf{ To; cl3 lgod !!@ sf] pklgod -!_
adf]lhd k]z x'g cfPsf] ;kmfO{ ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf To;sf] sf/0f klg v'nfpg' kg]{5 . To:tf]
sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf lgod !!@ sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ljefuLo hfFra'em u/fO{Psf] eP ;f]
sf] glthf ;d]t pNn]v u/L k|:tfljt ;hfosf] cf}lrTo klg pQm :ki6Ls/0fdf v'nfpg' kg]{5 .

!!*= ;hfosf] cfb]z / gSsn ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw M -!_ sd{rf/L pk/ s'g} ljefuLo ;hfosf]
lg0f{o ubf{ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ ;kmfO{ jf :ki6Ls/0f
k]z ug{ kof{Kt df}sf k|bfg eP gePsf] ;d]t ljrf/ u/L lgh sd{rf/Laf6 k]z ePsf] ;kmfO{,
:ki6Ls/0f tyf pknJw ;Dk"0f{ ;a"b k|df0fsf] ;d'lrt d"NofÍg u/L :ki6 sf/0f v'nfO{ lg0f{o
ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;hfosf] cfb]zsf] ;DaGwdf cfˆgf]
:ki6 /fo;fy cg';"lr - !$ adf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ o; kl/R5]bdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ Pp6f
;hfo k|:tfljt u/L ;kmfO{, :ki6Ls/0f dfu u/]/ kl5 csf]{ ;hfo lbg] u/L lg0f{o ug'{ x'Fb}g .
t/ s'g} sf/0f k/L 36L jf a9L ;hfo ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf k/]df lgod !!& sf] sfo{ljlw k'g M k"/f
ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd s'g} klg
sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo lbg] lg0f{o ubf{ lg0f{o ldlt eGbf klxn]b]lv g} nfu" x'g] u/L lg0f{o
ug'{ x'Fb}g .

-$_ s'g} klg sd{rf/Lsf] ;DaGwdf pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] ljefuLo ;hfosf]
cfb]zsf] Ps k|lt gSsn ;hfosf] cfb]z lbg kfpg] clwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ lagf
b:t"/ lbg' kg]{5 .

67
!!(= k'g/fj]bgsf] sfo{ljlw M s'g} sd{rf/Ln] lgod !)^ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd cfk"mnfO{ lbPsf]
ljefuLo ;hfo lj?4 k'g/fj]bg lbg' k/]df b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5 M -

-s_ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] cfk\mg} gfdaf6 k'g/fj]bg lbg'kg]{5 / To:tf]

k'g/fj]bg plrt / cfb/;"rs efiffdf n]lvPsf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-v_ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ sd{rf/Ln] k'g/fj]bgsf] ;fydf cfÕgf] ;kmfO{sf] lgldQ hf]
ePsf] ;a"b k|df0f ;+nUg /fVg'sf ;fy} h'g cfb]zsf] lj?4 k'g/fj]bg
ul/Psf] xf] ;f] cfb]zsf] gSsn ;d]t ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ k'g/fj]bg lb+bf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/LnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L k'g/fj]bg btf{
u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-3_ ;hfosf] cfb]z kfPsf] ldltn] lgod !!! sf] pklgod -@_ sf] Dofb leq
k'g/fj]bg lbg' kg]{5 . t/ k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb g3fO{ k'g/fj]bg ug]{
JolQmn] kof{Kt sf/0f b]vfO{ lgj]bg lbPdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/Ln]
d'gfl;j 7x/fPdf 5 dlxgf ;Dddf k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgnfO{ btf{ ug{ ;Sg]5
.

!@)= k'g/fj]bg dfly ljrf/ tyf lg0f{o M -!_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] cfk"m pk/sf] ljefuLo ;hfosf]
cf]bz lj?4 lbPsf] k'g/fj]bg lgod !!( adf]lhdsf] /Lt k'u]sf] gePdf k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]
clwsf/Ln] To:tf] k'g/fj]bg lng c:jLsf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ pklgod -!_ cg';f/ c:jLsf/ ul/Psf]df afx]s btf{ ul/Psf] k'g/fj]bgdf
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/Ln] b]xfosf s'/fx? ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{5 M

-s_ ;hfosf] cfb]zdf cfwf/ lnOPsf s'/fx?sf] oyfy{tf k|dfl0ft eO{

;s]sf] 5 jf 5}g,
-v_ k|dfl0ft eO;s]sf s'/fx? ;hfo ug{sf] lgldQ kof{Kt 5g\ jf 5}gg\,
-u_ ;hfo u/]sf] 7Ls, kof{Kt, ckof{Kt jf a9L s] 5 <

-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd ljrf/ ul/;s]kl5 k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/Ln]

k'g/fj]bsnfO{ lbOPsf] ;hfo ;b/ jf jb/ ug]{ jf To:tf] ;hfonfO{ 36fpg] u/L clGtd cfb]z
lbg ;Sg]5 .

!@)s k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;hfosf] clen]v /fVg] : -!_ k||lti7fgn] sd{rf/Lsf] ;hfosf]
clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd /flvPsf] clen]vnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cjlwe/ sfod
d'sfod d's// ubf{, sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ubf{, k'/:sf/ lje"if0f k|bfg ubf{,cWoog jf
tfnLddf dgf]gog ubf{, :t/ j[[l4 ubf{ / cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] cj;/ k|bfg ubf{ cfwf/ lng'
kg]{5 :-

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

68
 -s_ gl;xt kfPsf]df ;f] ;hfo kfPsf] ldltn] Ps jif{sf] cjlw e/,
-v_ lgnDag ePsf]df ;f] cjlwe/,
-u_ a9'jf /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf ePsf] cjlwe/,
-3_ tna a[l4 /f]Ssf ePsf]df /f]Ssf cjlwe/ .


!@)v ;]jfaf6 x6fO{Psf sd{rf/Ln] ;kmfO{ kfPdf kb:yfkgf ug]{ M -!_ ;]jfaf6 x6fO{Psf s'g}
sd{rf/Ln] cbfntsf] lg0f{oaf6 lghsf] ;]jf k'g:yf{lkt x'g] ePdf ;f] sf] lg0f{osf] ;"rgf kfPsf]
ldltn] tLg dlxgf leq k|lti7fgdf xflh/ x'g' kg]{5 .

-@_ pklgod -!_ sf] Dofb leq xflh/ gx'g] sd{rf/LnfO{ kb:yfkg ul/g] 5}g .

kl/R5]b - !#
ljljw
!@!= sd{rf/L sNof0f sf]if ;DjGwL Joj:yf M sd{rf/L sNof0f sf]if gfdsf] sf]if k|lti7fgsf]
cfly{s k|zf;g ;DjGwL lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf x'g]5 .

!@@= kf]zfs -o"lgkmd{_ ;DjGwL Joj:yf M k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] sfof{no ;dodf

k|lti7fgn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] kf]zfs clgjfo{ ?kn] nufpg' kg]{5 . o:tf] kf]zfs jf kf]zfs
jfktsf] eQf jflif{s ?kdf ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/] jdf]lhd x'g]5 .

!@#= a/a'emf/y ug'{ kg]{ M s'g} sd{rf/L Ps zfvfaf6 csf]{ zfvfdf ;?jf x'Fbf jf s'g} lsl;daf6
;]jfaf6 cjsfz ePdf cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf gubL, lhG;L jf sfuhkq ;a} PSsfO; lbg
leq ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{5 / a'e\mg' kg]{ sd{rf/Ln] klg ;f]xL Dofb leq a'e\mg'
kg]{5 .

!@$= crn ;DklQ v/Lb u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{ M k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Ln] cfÕgf] jf cfÕgf]
kl/jf/sf] s'g} ;b:osf] gfddf s'g} crn ;DklQ v/Lb u/L jf cGo tl/sfåf/f k|fKt u/]df
To;/L v/Lb jf k|fKt u/]sf] Ps dxLgf leq To; jfkt nfu]sf] df]n ;d]tsf] ljj/0f vf]nL
k|lti7fgdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

!@% k|f]T;fxL k'/:sf/ M s'g} sd{rf/Ln] ljut tLg jif{sf] calwdf nuftf/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf
clt pQd cÍ k|fKt u/]df sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsn] ;ldltsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{
a9Ldf tLg u|]8 ;Dd yk ul/lbg jf Ps dlxgf;Ddsf] vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tnj j/fj/sf] /sd
gub k'/:sf/ :j?k lbg ;Sg]5 .

!@^= kbs M k|lti7fgsf] ;]jfdf kGw| / klRr; jif{ :yfO{ ;]jf cjlw k'u]sf sd{rf/Ln] ;ldltn]
lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] qmdz M ;]jf kbs / bL3{ ;]jf kbs kfpg]5 .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

69
!@&= z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fLs/0f M -!_ k|lti7fgdf ;]jf k|j]z x'gf ;fy lgo'lQm u/]sf] ldltn]
Ps jif{ leq k|lti7fgn] gofF lgo'lQm kfPsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] z]lIfs k|df0f-kqsf] k|df0fLs/0f
b]xfo jdf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .

-s_ g]kfn leqsf lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k|fKt z}lIfs of]Uotf ePdf l;w} ljZj
ljBfno jf jf]8{df ;Dks{ u/L k|df0fLs/0f u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-v_ ljb]zL ljZj ljBfno jf jf]8{sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf ePdf lqe"jg ljZj
ljBfno jf pRr dfWoflds lzIff kl/ifb jf k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{nodf
jf k|fljlws lzIff tyf Joj;flos tflnd kl/ifb h;;+u ;DjlGwt 5
;f]xL ;+:yf dfkm{t ljb]zdf k|df0fLs/0fsf] nflu k7fO{ k|df0fLs/0f
u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-@_ k|lti7fgdf xfn jxfn /x]sf sd{rf/Lx?n] j9'jf lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{
leqdf k|lti7fgn] pklgod -!_ cg';f/ k|df0fLs/0f u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-#_ xfn sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?n] ;]jf k|j]z ubf{ k]z u/]sf] z}lIfs of]Uotf jfx]s cGo
s'g} z}lIfs of]Uotf k|fKt ul/ ;s]sf] eP tLg dlxgf leq cfˆgf] z}lIfs
of]Uotfsf] ;Dk"0f{ ljj/0f k|lti7fgdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

!@*= lgodfjnLsf] JofVof ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ o; lgodfjnLsf] JofVof ug]{ clwsf/ ;ldltnfO{
x'g]5 .

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd ;ldltn] u/]sf] JofVof lrQ ga'emL jf dsf{ k/L s;}n]
lgj]bg lbPdf dGqfnon] 5fgjLg u/L JofVof ;lxt ;'emfj lbg ;Sg]5 .

-#_ of] lgodfjnL sfo{Gjog ubf{ k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf zt{ ;DaGwL
lgoddf s'g} sl7gfO{ cfO{ k/]df nf]s ;]jf cfof]u;+u ;dGjo u/L JofVof ug'{ kg{]5 .

!@(= a]kQf ePsf] dflgg] M k|lti7fgsf] s'g} sd{rf/L x/fO{ a]kQf ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] sd{rf/Ln]
kfpg] pkbfg tyf cGo ;'ljwfx? lghsf] kl/jf/nfO{ lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu o:tf] sd{rf/L sDtLdf
tLg jif{;Dd x/fO{ a]kQf eO{ d/] afFr]sf] kQf gnfu]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .

!#)= cg';"rLdf x]/km]/ tyf yk36 ug]{ clwsf/ M o; lgodfjnLdf /x]sf cg';"rLx? cfjZostf
cg';f/ ;ldltn] x]/km]/ tyf yk36 ug{ ;Sg]5 .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

70

!#)s= k/fdz{ lng' kg{] M k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf zt{ ;DaGwL lgod, ljlgod jf lgb{]lzsf
nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lnP/ dfq k/fdz{ adf]lhd :jLs[t ug{] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .

!#)v=k/fdz{sf] kfngf M -!_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] k|lti7fgsf] cg'/f]wdf jf cfkm}n] ;do ;dodf yk
k/fdz{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] k/fdz{ ;fdfGo l;4fGt ;/x dfgL kfngf ug'{
k|lti7fgsf] bfloTj tyf st{Jo x'g]5 .

!#)u=sd{rf/L k|zf;g ;DaGwdf u/]sf] sf/jfxLsf] k|ltj]bg k7fpg' kg{] Mk|lti7fgn] Ps cfly{s jif{
el/df kbk"lt{, ljefuLo sf/jfxL nufot sd{rf/L k|zf;g ;DaGwdf u/]sf] sf/jfxLsf]
ljj/0f ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePsf] Ps dlxgf leq nf]s ;]jf cfof]u jf
cfof]un] tf]s]sf] sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg{]5 .Æ

!#!= vf/]hL / arfp M -!_ xf]6n Joj:yfkg tyf ko{6g tfnLd s]Gb| ;ldltsf] lgodfjnL, @)#^
vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .

-@_ of] lgodfjnL nfu' ePkl5 xf]6n Joj:yfkg tyf ko{6g tfnLd s]Gb| ;ldltsf]
lgodfjnL, @)#^ adf]lhd ul/Psf] sfo{x? o;} lgodfjnL adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .

!#@ "?kfGt/0f M o; lgodfjnLsf] 7fpF 7fpFdf /x]sf ">L % sf] ;/sf/sf]" eGg] zAbx?sf] ;§f
"g]kfn ;/sf/" eGg] zAbx? / ";:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno" eGg]
zAbx?sf] ;§f " ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno" eGg] zAbx? ?kfGt/0f ul/Psf 5g\ .


bf]>f] ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .

71
 
cg';"lr - !
-lgod $ ;+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
kb, tx, ;]jf ;d"x tyf pk ;d"x Joj:yf
l; =g+ tx kb ;]jf ;d"x pk ;d"x ;+Vof
! ljlzi6 sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs - - - !
@ !) lk|lG;kn k|fljlws 6«fen - !
-6«fen P08 l/;r{ ljefu_
# !) ljefuLo k|d'v k|zf;g ;fdfGo k|zf;g - !
-;fdfGo k|zf;g, of]hgf tfnLd tyf
z}lIfs Joj:yfkg ljefu_
$ !) ljefuLo k|d'v k|fljlws xf]6n - !
-xf]6n P08 sl/s'nd 8]enkd]G6
ljefu_
% ( pk ljefuLo k|d'v k|zf;g ;fdfGo k|zf;g - !
-;fdfGo k|zf;g, of]hgf tfnLd tyf
z}lIfs Joj:yfkg_
^ ( pk ljefuLo k|d'v k|fljlws xf]6n – @
-xf]6n P08 sl/s'nd_
& ( pk ljefuLo k|d'v k|fljlws 6«fen - !
-6«fen P08 l/;r{_
* * k|d'v clws[t k|zf;g ;fdfGo k|zf;g - @
-k|zf;g / of]hgf, tfnLd tyf z}lIfs
Joj:yfkg zfvf_
( * k|d'v k|lzIfs k|fljlws xf]6n k"m8 k|f]8Szg !
-k"m8 k|f]8Szg P08 sG6«f]n zfvf_
!) * k|d'v k|lzIfs k|fljlws xf]6n k"m8 P08 j]e/]h @
-k"m8 P08 j]e/]h zfvf_
!! * k|d'v k|lzIfs k|fljws sDKo"6/ - @
-sDKo"6/_
!@ * k|d'v clws[t k|fljlws dd{t ;Def/ - !
-dd{t ;+ef/_
!# & jl/i7 clws[t k|zf;g ;fdfGo k|zf;g - #
-k|zf;g/:6f]/ / of]hgf, tfnLd tyf
z}lIfs Joj:yfkg_
!$ & jl/i7 n]vf clws[t k|zf;g n]vf - !
-n]vf_
!% & jl/i7 k|lzIfs -6«fen P08 l/;r{_ k|fljlws 6«fen - !
!^ & jl/i7 k|lzIfs k|fljlws xf]6n Psf]df]8]zg !
-Psf]df]8]zg_


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

72
!& & jl/i7 k|lzIfs k|fljlws xf]6n k"m8 k|f]8Szg !
-k"m8 k|f]8Szg P08 sG6«f]n_
!* & jl/i7 k|lzIfs k|fljlws xf]6n k"m8 P08 j]e/]h !
-k"m8 P08 j]e/]h_
!( & jl/i7 clws[t k|fljlws nfO{j|]/L !
-l/;f];{ ;]G6/_
@) ^ clws[t k|zf;g ;fdfGo k|zf;g - $
-k|zf;g / lk = P / of]hgf, tfnLd tyf
z}lIfs Joj:yfkg–@ _
@! ^ n]vf clws[t k|zf;g n]vf - !
-n]vf_
@@ ^ k|lzIfs k|fljlws xf]6n k"m8 k|f]8Szg #
-k"m8 k|f]8Szg P08 sG6«f]n / k]i6«L_
@# ^ k|lzIfs k|fljlws xf]6n ;le{; @
-k"m8 P08 j]e/]h_
@$ ^ k|lzIfs k|fljlws xf]6n Psf]df]8]zg @
-Psf]df]8]zg_
@% ^ k|lzIfs -6«fen ck/]zg P08 l6s]l6+u÷ k|fljlws 6«fen @
6«fen P08 6'l/hd_

@^ ^ clws[t -l/;f];{ ;]G6/_ k|fljlws nfO{j|]/L @

@& % jl/i7 ;xfos/ :6f]/ lsk/ k|zf;g ;fdfGo k|zf;g - @
-of]hgf, tfnLd tyf z}lIfs Joj:yfkg,
k|zf;g_
@* % n]vfkfn k|zf;g n]vf - !
@( % jl/i7 nfO{j|]/Log k|fljlws nfO{a|]/L - !
#) % jl/i7 lsr]g :6]jf8{ k|fljlws xf]6n k'm8 k|f]8Szg !
#! $ ;xfos k|zf;g ;fdfGo k|zf;g - #
-k|zf;g–@ / of]hgf, tfnLd tyf z}lIfs
Joj:yfkg_
#@ $ ;xfos n]vfkfn k|zf;g n]vf - !
## $ n08«L ;xfos k|fljlws xf]6n Psf]df]8]zg !
#$ tx 8«fO{e/ -x]eL_ k|zf;g ;fdfGo k|zf;g - @
ljxLg
#% @ o'l6ln6L ;xof]uL
\
k|fljlws ljljw - @
#^ ! sfof{no ;xof]uL k|zf;g ;fdfGo k|zf;g - &
^@

73
 xfn;fn} lvr]sf]

cg';"lr–@ kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] k'/}
d'vfs[lt b]lvg] kmf]6f]
-lgod !@ sf] pklgod -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ oxfF 6fF:g] /
g]kfn ;/sf/ kmf/fddf kg{] u/L
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno pDd]bjf/n] ;xL ug{]
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
v'nf k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu b/vf:t kmf/fd

sfof{no k|of]hgsf] nflu

lj1fkg g+= /f]n gDa/
/l;b g+=M b/vf:t btf{ g+=
b:tvt M btf{ ldlt M
cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ a}olQms ljj/0f :ki6 a'lemg] cIf/df n]Vg'xf]; M
!= lj1fkg g+= M @= kb M #= ;]jf M $= ;d"x M
%= tx M ^= k/LIff s]Gb| M
&= v'nf k|ltof]lutf4f/f k"lt{ x'g] kbx? dWo] g]kfn s_ dlxnf v_ cflbjf;L hghflt
ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg, sd{rf/L u_ dw]zL 3_ blnt
;]jf zt{ lgodfjnLsf] ;d"xsf pDd]bjf/x? aLr ª_ ckf+Ë r_ lk5l8Psf] If]q
dfq k|lt:kwf{ u/fpg egL 5'¤fO{Psf kbx?sf]
kbk"lt{sf nflu ePsf] lj1fkgdf b/vf:t lbg'
ePsf] eP ;d"x -lrGx )_ nufpg'xf]; .

efu -s_ a}olQms ljj/0f M

b]jgful/df M
!= pDd]bjf/sf] k'/f gfd M
c+u|]hLdf (CAPTIAL LETTER)df M
@=hGd ldlt @) ;fn dlxgf ut]
#= bvf:t lbg] clGtd ldltdf x'g] pd]/ jif{ dlxgf lbg
$= gful/stf g+ M %= hf/L ug]{ lhNnf M ^= dft[efiff M
^= :yfoL 7]ufgL M k|b]zM lhNnf M g=kf÷uf=kf j8f g+ M 6f]n M
&= kqfrf/ ug{] 7]ufgf M lhNnf g=kf÷uf=kf j8f g+= 6f]n M
*=;Dks{ kmf]g g+= df]afO{n g++ M O{d]n M
(= cfdfsf] gfd y/ M gful/stf M
!)=afa'sf] gfd y/ M gful/stf M
!!= afh]sf] gfd y/ M gful/stf M
!@= ljjflxt ePdf klt ÷kTgLsf] gfd y/ M gful/stf M

efu -v_ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] ljj/0f M–

qm=;= cWoog u/]sf] ;+:yfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf plQ0f{ u/]sf] >]0fL s'n k|fKtfÍ÷ d'Vo ljifo
k/LIff k|ltzt
!=
@=
#=
$=

____________________________________________________

;ldltsf]] ldlt @)&^.#.#) sf] lg0ff{ofg';f/ ;+zf]lwt .

74
 efu -u_ tfnLdsf] ljj/0f
qm=;= tfnLd lbg] ;+:yfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf tfnLdsf] >]0fL s'n k|fKtfÍ÷ d'Vo ljifo
ljifo k|ltzt
!=
@=
#=
$=
efu -3_ gf]s/L ljj/0f M =-axfnjfnf sd{rf/Ln] clgjfo{ ?kdf eg{]_
sfof{no kb tx ;]jf÷ :yfoL÷c:yfoL s'g ldlt s'g ldlt xfn c:yfoL s/f/ ;f] kbdf /x]/
;d"x ÷s/f/÷ b]lv ;Dd jf Hofnfbf/L eP ug'{kg{] sfdsf]
Hofnfbf/L s'g ldlt;Dd ljj/0f
axfn /xg] xf]

sfo{/t sfof{nosf] sd{rf/L k|zf;g zfvfaf6 r]s ug{] sd{rf/Lsf] pko'{Qm ljj/0f l7s 5 elg k|dfl0ft ug{]
clwsf/L
b:tvt M b:tvt M
gfd, y/ M gfd, y/ M
ldlt M ldlt M
sfof{nosf] 5fk
d}n] o; b/vf:tdf v'nfPsf ljj/0fx? ;To 5g\ . k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo 7xl/g] u/L ;]jfaf6
a/vf:t ePsf] 5}g / d]/f] lgo'lQmsf] ;DaGwdf c;/ kg{ ;Sg] sfdsf] cg'ej, j}olQms ljj/0f, z}lIfs of]Uotf cflbsf
;DaGwdf s'g} s'/f 9fF6]sf] jf n'sfPsf] 5}g . s'g} s'/f 9fF6]sf] jf n'sfPsf] 7x/]df sfg"g adf]lhd ;xg] 5', a'emfpg] 5' . ;fy}
k|lti7fgsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf / ;]jf ;DaGwdf sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL ubf{ ckgfpg' kg{] g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n
Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg, sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL -;+zf]wg ;lxt_, @)^! adf]lhd / k|rlnt P]g lgod / pDd]bjf/n] kfngf
ug'{kg{] zt{x? ljkl/t x'g] u/L s'g} klg k/LIff ejg leq s'g} sfo{ u/]df tTsfn k/LIffaf6 lgisfzg ug{] jf sDkgLaf6 d]/f]
;Dk"0f{ k/LIff /2 ug{] jf eljiodf ;~rfngdf x'g] s'g} k/LIffdf efu lng gkfPdf d]/f] d~h'/L 5 .
pDd]bjf/n] kfngf ug'{kg{] egL o; b/vf:t kmf/fdsf k[i7x?df pNn]lvt ;a} lgb{]zgx? d}n] /fd|/L k9+] / d tL ;a} kfngf
ug{ d~h'/ ub{5' .
NofKr]

bfofF afofF

pDd]bjf/sf] b:tvt ================================= ldlt M

k|lti7fgsf] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] eg{]
!= k/LIff b:t'/ ?= @= /l;b g+= ldlt M
#= k|ltlnlkx?sf] ;+nUg k|lt $= b/vf:t a'e\mg]sf] b:tvt / ldltM
%=b/vf:t :jLs[t÷c:jLs[t ug{]sf] b:tvt / ldlt M
b|i6Jo M b/vf:t ;fy lj1fkgdf pNn]lvt sfuhftsf cltl/St lgDg sfuhftx? clgjfo{ ;+nUg x'gk' g{]5 .
s_ pd]/ v'n]s]f k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk .
v_ g]kfnL gful/stfsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk
u_ lj1fkg ePs]f kbsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk -tfnLd / cg'ej
;d]t cfjZostf k/]df ;f] sf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t_
3_ dfly pNn]lvt ljj/0f cfkm}+n] k|dfl0ft u/L ;+nUg ug'{kg{]5 .

75
 xfn;fn} lvr]sf]
g]kfn ;/sf/ kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] k'/}
d'vfs[lt b]lvg] kmf]6f]
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno oxfF 6fF:g] /
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg kmf/fddf kg{] u/L
v'nf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] nflu pDd]bjf/n] ;xL ug{]
-k/LIffsf] k|j]z–kq_
k/LIffyL{n] eg{]
s_ ;]jf M lj1fkg g+= lsl;d ÷;d"x
v_ ;d"x M
u_ tx M
3_ kb M
ª_ k/LIff s]Gb| M
gfd M
pDd]bjf/sf]
b:tvt M

k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] eg{]M o; k|lti7fgaf6 lnO{g] pQm kbsf] k/LIffdf tkfO{nfO{ lgDg k|lti7fgjf6 ;lDdlnt x'g cg'dlt
lbOPsf] 5 . lj1fkgdf tf]lsPsf] zt{ gk'u]sf] 7x/ ePdf h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg of] cg'dlt /2 x'g]5 .

k/LIff s]Gb| M–
/f]n gDa/ M–
===========================
clws[tsf] b:tvt
pDd]bjf/n] kfngf ug'{kg{] lgodx? M
!= k/LIff lbg cfpFbf clgjfo{ ?kdf k|j]zkq Nofpg' kg{]5 . k|j]zkq ljgf k/LIffdf a:g kfOg] 5}g .
@= k/LIff xndf df]afO{n kmf]g Nofpg kfOg] 5}g .
#= lnlvt k/LIffsf] glthf k|sflzt ePkl5 cGtjf{tf{ x'g] lbgdf klg k|j]zkq Nofpg'kg{]5 .
$= k/LIff z'? x'g] #) ldg]6 cufj} 306L4f/f ;"rgf u/]kl5 k/LIff xndf k|j]z ug{ lbOg] 5 . j:t'ut k/LIff z'? ePsf] !%
ldg]6 kl5 / ljifout k/LIff z'? ePsf] cfwf 306fkl5 cfpg] / a:t'ut tyf ljifut b'a} k/LIff;Fu} x'g]df @) ldg]6 kl5
cfpg] pDd]bjf/n] k/LIffdf a:g kfpg] 5}g .
%= k/LIff xndf k|j]z ug{] kfpg] ;do cjlw -a'Fbf g+= $ df pNn]v ul/Psf]_ ljt]sf] !) ldg]6 kl5 dfq pDd]bjf/nfO{ k/LIff
xn aflx/ hfg] cg'dlt lbOg] 5 .
^= k/LIff xndf k|j]z u/]kl5 lstfa, sfkL, sfuh, lr6 cflb cfkm' ;fy /fVg' x'b}g . pDd]bjf/n] cfk;df s'/fsfgL / ;+s]t
ug'{ x'Fb}g .
&= k/LIff xndf pDd]bjf/n] k/LIffsf] dof{bf ljkl/t s'g} sfd u/]df s]Gb|fWoIfn] k/LIff xnaf6 lgisfzg ul/ t'?Gt sfg"g
adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ug{]5 / To;/L lgisfzg ul/Psf] pDd]bjf/sf] ;f] lj1fkgsf] k/LIff :jtM /2 ePsf] dflgg] 5 .
*= lj/fdL ePsf] pDd]bjf/n] k/LIff xndf k|j]z u/L k/LIff lbg] qmddf lghnfO{ s]xL ePdf k|lti7fg hjfkmb]xL x'g] 5}g .
(= pDd]bjf/n] k/LIff lbPsf] lbgdf xflh/ clgjfo{ ?kn] ug'{kg{]5 .
!)= k|lti7fgn] ;"rgf4f/f lgwf{/0f u/]sf] sfo{qmd cg';f/ k/LIff ;+rfng x'g]5 .
!!= pDd]bjf/n] a:t'ut k/LIffdf cfkm'nfO{ k|fKt k|Zgsf] ……sLÆ pQ/k'l:tsfdf clgjfo{ ?kn] n]Vg'kg{]5 . gn]v]df pQ/k'l:tsf
:jtM /2 x'g]5 .
!@= Nofst -cfO=So'=_ k/LIffdf Sofns'n]6/ k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
!#= s'g} pDd]jfb/n] k|Zgkqdf /x]s]f c:ki6tfsf] ;DaGwdf ;f]Wg' kbf{ klg k/LIff ;lDdlnt cGo pDd]bjf/nfO{ afwf gkg{] u/L
lgl/IfsnfO{ ;f]Wg' kg{]5 .

76
 xfn;fn} lvr]sf]
g]kfn ;/sf/ kf;kf]6{ ;fOhsf] k'/}
d'vfs[lt b]lvg] kmf]6f]
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno oxfF 6fF:g] /
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg kmf/fddf kg{] u/L
v'nf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] nflu pDd]bjf/n] ;xL ug{]
-k/LIffsf] k|j]z–kq_
k/LIffyL{n] eg{]
s_ ;]jf M lj1fkg g+= lsl;d ÷;d"x
v_ ;d"x M
u_ tx M
3_ kb M
ª_ k/LIff s]Gb| M
gfd M
pDd]bjf/sf]
b:tvt M

k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] eg{]M o; k|lti7fgaf6 lnO{g] pQm kbsf] k/LIffdf tkfO{nfO{ lgDg k|lti7fgjf6 ;lDdlnt x'g cg'dlt
lbOPsf] 5 . lj1fkgdf tf]lsPsf] zt{ gk'u]sf] 7x/ ePdf h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg of] cg'dlt /2 x'g]5 .

k/LIff s]Gb| M–
/f]n gDa/ M–
===========================
clws[tsf] b:tvt
pDd]bjf/n] kfngf ug'{kg{] lgodx? M
!= k/LIff lbg cfpFbf clgjfo{ ?kdf k|j]zkq Nofpg' kg{]5 . k|j]zkq ljgf k/LIffdf a:g kfOg] 5}g .
@= k/LIff xndf df]afO{n kmf]g Nofpg kfOg] 5}g .
#= lnlvt k/LIffsf] glthf k|sflzt ePkl5 cGtjf{tf{ x'g] lbgdf klg k|j]zkq Nofpg'kg{]5 .
$= k/LIff z'? x'g] #) ldg]6 cufj} 306L4f/f ;"rgf u/]kl5 k/LIff xndf k|j]z ug{ lbOg] 5 . j:t'ut k/LIff z'? ePsf] !%
ldg]6 kl5 / ljifout k/LIff z'? ePsf] cfwf 306fkl5 cfpg] / a:t'ut tyf ljifut b'a} k/LIff;Fu} x'g]df @) ldg]6 kl5
cfpg] pDd]bjf/n] k/LIffdf a:g kfpg] 5}g .
%= k/LIff xndf k|j]z ug{] kfpg] ;do cjlw -a'Fbf g+= $ df pNn]v ul/Psf]_ ljt]sf] !) ldg]6 kl5 dfq pDd]bjf/nfO{ k/LIff
xn aflx/ hfg] cg'dlt lbOg] 5 .
^= k/LIff xndf k|j]z u/]kl5 lstfa, sfkL, sfuh, lr6 cflb cfkm' ;fy /fVg' x'b}g . pDd]bjf/n] cfk;df s'/fsfgL / ;+s]t
ug'{ x'Fb}g .
&= k/LIff xndf pDd]bjf/n] k/LIffsf] dof{bf ljkl/t s'g} sfd u/]df s]Gb|fWoIfn] k/LIff xnaf6 lgisfzg ul/ t'?Gt sfg"g
adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ug{]5 / To;/L lgisfzg ul/Psf] pDd]bjf/sf] ;f] lj1fkgsf] k/LIff :jtM /2 ePsf] dflgg] 5 .
*= lj/fdL ePsf] pDd]bjf/n] k/LIff xndf k|j]z u/L k/LIff lbg] qmddf lghnfO{ s]xL ePdf k|lti7fg hjfkmb]xL x'g] 5}g .
(= pDd]bjf/n] k/LIff lbPsf] lbgdf xflh/ clgjfo{ ?kn] ug'{kg{]5 .
!)= k|lti7fgn] ;"rgf4f/f lgwf{/0f u/]sf] sfo{qmd cg';f/ k/LIff ;+rfng x'g]5 .
!!= pDd]bjf/n] a:t'ut k/LIffdf cfkm'nfO{ k|fKt k|Zgsf] ……sLÆ pQ/k'l:tsfdf clgjfo{ ?kn] n]Vg'kg{]5 . gn]v]df pQ/k'l:tsf
:jtM /2 x'g]5 .
!@= Nofst -cfO=So'=_ k/LIffdf Sofns'n]6/ k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
!#= s'g} pDd]jfb/n] k|Zgkqdf /x]s]f c:ki6tfsf] ;DaGwdf ;f]Wg' kbf{ klg k/LIff ;lDdlnt cGo pDd]bjf/nfO{ afwf gkg{] u/L
lgl/IfsnfO{ ;f]Wg' kg{]5 .

77
 
cg';"rL - #
-lgod !^ ;+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
kbk"lt{sf] nflu Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf

tx ;]jf kb v'nf k|ltof]lutfsf] nflu Go"gtd of]Uotf sfo{ Ifdtf / cfGtl/s

k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf] nflu
Go"gtd of]Uotf
# k|fljlws nG8«L ;xof]uL dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 bzd sIff plQ0f{
/ xfp;lslk+Ë ;DjGwL ljifodf sDtLdf Ps
dlxgfsf] tfnLd k|fKt
# k|fljlws /]i6'/]G6 ;xof]uL dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 bzd sIff plQ0f{
/ /]i6'/]G6 ;DjGwL ljifodf sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf]
tfnLd k|fKt
$ k|fljlws lsr]g :6]jf8{ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 P;= Pn= ;L= jf
;f] ;/x plQ0f{ / k"m8 lk|k/]zg P08 sG6«f]n
ljifodf sDtLdf tLg dlxgfsf] tfnLd k|fKt jf
ko{6sLo :t/sf s'g} xf]6nsf] :6]jfl8{u
l8kf6{d]G6df ! jif{sf] cg'ej k+|fKt / sDKo"6/
ljifodf sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf] cWoog jf
cfwf/e"t tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf] .
$ k|zf;g ;xfos dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 P; =Pn =;L = jf -
;f] ;/x plQ0f{ / sDKo"6/ ljifodf sDtLdf Ps


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

78
 dlxgfsf] cWoog jf cfwf/e"t tfnLd k|fKt u/L
sDKo"6/df c+u|]hL / g]kfnLdf sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] .
$ k|zf;g ;xfos n]vfkfn dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 ul0ft jf P]lR5s -
n]vf ljifo lnO{ P; =Pn =;L = jf ;f] ;/x plQ0f{
/ sDKo"6/ ljifodf sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf]
cWoog jf cfwf/e"t tfnLd k|fKt u/L
sDKo"6/df c+u|]hL / g]kfnLdf sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] .
$ k|fljlws nfO{j]|/Log dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 P;= Pn= ;L= jf
;f] ;/x plQ0f{ u/L nfO{j|]/L ljifodf sDtLdf Ps
dlxgfsf] cWoog jf tfnLd k|fKt / sDKo"6/
ljifodf sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf] cWoog jf
cfwf/e"t tfnLd k|fKt u/L sDKo"6/df c+u|]hL /
g]kfnLdf sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] .
% k|zf;g jl/i7 ;xfos / :6f]/ lsk/ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k|df0f kq tx jf dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 k|df0f
;f] ;/x plQ0f{ / sDKo"6/ ljifodf sDtLdf Ps kq tx jf ;f] ;/x plQ0f .
dlxgfsf] cWoog jf cfwf/e"t tfnLd k|fKt u/L
sDKo"6/df c+u|]hL / g]kfnLdf sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] .
% k|zf;g n]vfkfn dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHo dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
zf:q , Jofkf/ k|zf;g , cy{ zf:q, ul0ft, Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHo zf:q , Jofkf/
tYof+s zf:q jf hgk|zf;g dWo] s'g} Ps d"n k|zf;g, cy{ zf:q, ul0ft, tYof+s
ljifo lnO{ k|df0f kq tx jf ;f] ;/x plQ0f{ zf:q jf hgk|zf;g dWo] s'g} Ps
u/]sf] / sDKo"6/ ljifodf sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf] d"n ljifo lnO{ k|df0f kq tx jf
cWoog jf cfwf/e"t tfnLd k|fKt u/L ;f] ;/x plQ0f{ u/]sf] .
sDKo"6/df c+u|]hL / g]kfnLdf sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] .
^ k|zf;g clws[t dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 :gftsf]Q/ tx jf dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
;f] ;/x plQ0f{ / sDKo"6/ ljifodf sDtLdf Ps :gfts tx jf ;f] ;/x plQ0f{ .
dlxgfsf] cWoog jf cfwf/e"t tfnLd k|fKt
u/]sf] .

79
^ k|fljlws clws[t -l/;f];{ ;]G6/_ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 nfO{j|]/L ;fO{G;df
:gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ jf nfO{j|]/L ;fO{G;df
:gfts tx plQ0f{ eO{ s'g} ljifodf :gftsf]Q/
tx plQ0f{ jf s'g} ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx plQ{0f
/ nfO{j|]/L ljifodf sDtLdf ^ dlxgfsf] tfnLd
k|fKt / sDKo"6/ ljifodf sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf]
cWoog jf cfwf/e"t tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf] .
^ k|zf;g n]vf clws[t dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHo dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
zf:q , Jofkf/ k|zf;g , cy{ zf:q, ul0ft, Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHo zf:q , Jofkf/
tYof+s zf:q jf hgk|zf;g dWo] s'g} Ps d"n k|zf;g, cy{ zf:q, ul0ft, tYof+s
ljifo lnO{ :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x plQ0f{ / zf:q jf hgk|zf;g dWo] s'g} Ps
sDKo"6/ ljifodf sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf] cWoog d"n ljifo lnO{ :gfts tx jf ;f]
jf cfwf/e"t tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf] . ;/x plQ0f{ .
^ k|fljlws k|lzIfs dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 xf]6n Dofg]hd]G6 -
-k"m8 P08 j]e/]h/ k"m8 ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ u/]sf] jf xf]6n
k|f]8Szg P08 sG6«f]n/ k]i6«L/ Dofg]hd]G6 ljifodf :gfts tx plQ0f{ u/L s'g}
Psf]df]8]zg_ ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x plQ0f{ ePsf]
/ sDKo"6/ ljifodf sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf]
cWoog jf cfwf/e"t tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf] .
^ k|fljlws k|lzIfs -sDKo"6/_ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 sDKo"6/ -
O{lGhlgol/+udf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf sDKo"6/
lj1fgdf :gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ jf sDKo"6/
O{lGhlgol/+u jf sDKo"6/ lj1fgdf :gfts tx
plQ0f{ u/L s'g} ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f]
;/x plQ0f{ ePsf] .
^ k|fljlws clws[t -dd{t ;Def/_ dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 d]sflgsn -
O{lGhlgol/+udf :gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ jf
d]sflgsn O{lGhlgol/+udf :gfts tx plQ0f{ u/L

80
 s'g} ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x plQ0f{
ePsf] / sDKo"6/ ljifodf sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf]
cWoog jf cfwf/e"t tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf] .
^ k|fljlws k|lzIfs -6«fen ck/]zg P08 dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 6«fen P08 6'l/hd
l6s]l6+u÷6«fen P08 6'l/hd_ Dofg]hd]G6df :gftsf]Q/ tx plQ{0f{ jf Jofrn/
O{g 6«fen P08 6'l/hd Dofg]hd]G6 plQ0f{ eO{ s'g}
ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ ePsf] / sDKo"6/
ljifodf sDtLdf Ps dlxgfsf] cWoog jf
cfwf/e"t tfnLd k|fKt u/]sf] .
& k|fljlws jl/i7 clws[t -l/;f];{ ;]G6/_ - dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
nfO{j|]/L ;fO{G;df :gftsf]Q/ tx
plQ0f{ jf nfO{j|]/L ;fO{G;df :gfts
tx plQ0f{ eO{ s'g} ljifodf
:gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ jf s'g}
ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx plQ{0f /
nfO{j|]/L ljifodf sDtLdf ^
dlxgfsf] tfnLd k|fKt / sDKo"6/
ljifodf sDtLdf tLg dlxgfsf]
cWoog jf cfwf/e"t tfnLd k|fKt
u/]sf] .
& k|zf;g jl/i7 clws[t - dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
:gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x plQ0f{
& k|zf;g jl/i7 n]vf clws[t - dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHo zf:q, Jofkf/
k|zf;g, cy{ zf:q, ul0ft, tYof+s
zf:q jf hgk|zf;g dWo] s'g} Ps
d"n ljifo lnO{ :gftsf]Q/ tx jf
;f] ;/x plQ0f{

81
& k|fljlws jl/i7 k|lzIfs dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 xf]6n
-k"m8 P08 j]e/]h/ k"m8 Dofg]hd]G6 ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx
k|f]8Szg P08 sG6«f]n/ k]i6«L / plQ0f{ u/]sf] jf xf]6n Dofg]hd]G6
Psf]df]8]zg_ ljifodf :gfts tx plQ0f{ u/L s'g}
ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x
plQ0f{ .
* k|zf;g k|d'v clws[t - dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
:gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ .
* k|fljlws k|d'v k|lzIfs - dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 xf]6n
-k"m8 k|f]8Szg P08 sG6«f]n/ Dofg]hd]G6 ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx
k"m8 P08 j]e/]h/ Psf]df]8]zg_ plQ0f{ u/]sf] jf xf]6n Dofg]hd]G6
ljifodf :gfts tx plQ0f{ u/L s'g}
ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x
plQ0f{ .
( k|zf;g l8k'6L x]8 ckm l8kf6{d]G6 - dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
-;fdfGo k|zf;g tyf of]hgf_ :gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ .
( k|fljlws l8k'6L x]8 ckm l8kf6{d]G6 - dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 xf]6n
-k"m8 P08 j]e/]h_ Dofg]hd]G6 ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx
plQ0f{ u/]sf] jf xf]6n Dofg]hd]G6
ljifodf :gfts tx plQ0f{ u/L s'g}
ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x
plQ0f{
( k|fljlws l8k'6L x]8 ckm l8kf6{d]G6 - dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 xf]6n
-Psf]df]8]zg_ Dofg]hd]G6 ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx
plQ0f{ u/]sf] jf xf]6n Dofg]hd]G6
ljifodf :gfts tx plQ0f{ u/L s'g}
ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x
plQ0f{ .

82
( k|fljlws l8k'6L x]8 ckm l8kf6{d]G6
-6«fen P08 l/;r{_
!) k|zf;g x]8 ckm l8kf6{d]G6
-;fdfGo k|zf;g tyf of]hgf_
!) k|fljlws x]8 ckm l8kf6{d]G6
-xf]6n P08 sl/s'nd_
!) k|fljlws x]8 ckm l8kf6{d]G6
-6«fen P08 l/;r{_
- dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
:gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ .
- dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
:gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ .
- dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 xf]6n
Dofg]hd]G6 ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx
plQ0f{ u/]sf] jf xf]6n Dofg]hd]G6
ljifodf :gfts tx plQ0f{ u/L s'g}
ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tx jf ;f] ;/x
plQ0f{
- dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6
:gftsf]Q/ tx plQ0f{ .

83
 cg';"lr -$
-lgod !& sf] pklgod -@_ ;+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg

k|of]ufTds k/LIff kmf/fd

lj1fkg g+ M- kb M- tx M ;]jf M-
kb ;+Vof M- pDd]bjf/sf] ;+Vof M-
k|of]ufTds k/LIffsf] ljifo M- k|of]ufTds k/LIff ldlt M-

s+ ;+ /f]n g pDd]bjf/sf] gfd,y/ k|of]ufTds s"n k|fKtf+s s}lkmot

k/LIff cÍdf cIf/df

k|of]ufTds k/LIff lngsf] b:tvt M-

gfd , y/ M-
bhf{ M-

84
 
cg';"rL $-s_
-lgod !(sf] pklgod-@_;+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt,ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg

cGt/jftf{ kmf/fd

lj1fkg g+ M- kb M- tx M ;]jf M-
kb ;+Vof M- pDd]bjf/sf] ;+Vof M- cGt/jftf{ ldlt M-

qm=+ ;+ /f]n g pDd]bjf/ ;fdfGo 1fg tyf JolQmTj s"n k|fKtf+s s}lkmot
sf] gfd, ;DalGwt ljifosf] cÍdf cIf/df
y/ 1fg / cg'ej

pk/f]Qm pDd]bjf/x? sf]xL klg d]/f] afa', cfdf, klt, kTgL, tyf 5f]/f–5f]/L, bfh'– efO{, lbbL– alxgL,
efph"–a'xf/L, h]7fh", b]j/, h]7fgL, b]p/fgL, cfdfh", gGb, sfsf–sfsL, 7'nf]a"af– 7'nLcfdf, ;fgf]a"af–
;fgLcfdf, elthf–elthL, ef~hf–ef~hL, legfh"—HjfO, dfdf–dfOHo", km"k"–km"kfh', ;fnf–;fnL / ltgsf
5f]/f5f]/L gftf kb{}g .

cGt/jftf{ stf{sf] b:tvt M

gfd , y/ M
bhf{ M

b|i6Jo M d"NofÍgstf{n] $)Ü eGbf sd / &)Ü eGbf a9L cÍ lbg' k/]df sf/0f v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
o;/L $)Ü eGbf sd / &)Ü eGbf a9L c+s lbPsf]df ax'dt ;b:on] lbPsf] ePdf dfq dfGo
x'g]5 .

_______________________________

;ldltsf]] ldlt @)&^.#.#) sf] lg0ff{ofg';f/ ;+zf]lwt .
85
 
cg';"lr - %
===================================


;ldltsf] ldlt @)&^.#.#) sf] lg0ff{ofg';f/ lemlsPsf]
86
 cg';"rL - ^
-lgod @% ;+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
lg/f]lutfsf] k|df0f kqsf] gd"gf

g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fgsf] ======================================================= kbdf

pDd]bjf/ x'g' ePsf >L ============================================================= nfO{ d}n] hfFRbf s'g} ;?jf
jf s8f /f]u nfu]sf] jf s'g} lsl;dsf] zfl/l/s ljs[lt jf cfGtl/s /f]u ePsf] kfO{g . lghdf
============================================================= /f]u eP tfklg lghnfO{ To;sf] pk/f]Qm k|lti7fgsf]
kbdf sfd ug{ c;dy{ agfpFb}g .

lghsf] x'lnof ============================================================= 5 .

-s_ bfofF xftsf] a'9L cf}nfsf] 5fk =============================================================

-v_ ;DalGwt JolQmsf] b:tvt =============================================================
-u_ ldlt =============================================================

g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f :jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] M -

-s_ gfd M -=============================================================

-v_ b:tvt M -=============================================================
-u_ g]kfn d]l8sn sfpG;Ln /lhi6s]zg gDj/ M-===============================
-3_ ldlt M -=====================================

87
 cg';"lr - &
-lgod @^ ;+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg

zky u|x0f

d===================================================
O{Zj/sf] gfddf zky lnG5' ls, k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Lsf] x}l;otn] dnfO{ tf]lsPsf] sfd d]/f] 1fg
ljj]sn] hfg] a'em] ;Dd O{dfg wd{ tyf st{Jo;DemL b]z / ;/sf/ k|lt akmfbf/ /xL eo, kIfkft jf
4]if g/fvL nf]e nfnr / df]nflxhf gu/L cg'zf;gdf /xL g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg
k|lti7fg sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL, @)^! tyf k|rlnt sfg"gsf] Joj:yfsf] cwLgdf /xL cfˆgf]
st{Josf] kfng ug]{5' . dnfO{ 1ft x'g cfPsf] k|lti7fgsf] s'g} uf]Ko s'/f clw[st JolQmnfO{ afx]s
c? s;}nfO{ d ;]jfdf jxfn /x] jf g/x]sf] h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kn] eGg] jf
;+s]t ug]{ 5}g .

zky u|x0f ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] zky u|x0f k|dfl0ft ug]{ clwsf/Lsf]

-s_ gfd M - -s_ gfd M -

-v_ b:tvt M - -v_ b:tvt M -
-u_ ldlt M - -u_ ldlt M -
-3_ ;]jf M - -3_ kb M -
-ª_ kb M -
-r_ tx M-

88
 kmf/fd g+ )!

cg';"lr- *
-lgod @& ;+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg

j}olQms ljj/0f

! sd{rf/Lsf] k"/f gfd / y/ M -

sd{rf/Lsf] t:jL/ b'j}

sfg b]lvg]
! /@ x !!/@ t:jL/ 6fF:g]
!

@ :yfoL 7]ufgf M -
c~rn M -
lhNnf M -
ufpF . gu/ M -
j8f g+ M - ^ %* jif{ pd]/ k'Ug] ldlt M -
ufpF . 6f]n M - & gful/stf M-
Øns gDj/ M -
* wd{ M-
# c:yfoL 7]ufgf M - ( ln+e M-
c~rn M - !) x'lnof M-
lhNnf M - !! ljjflxt eP klt / kTgLsf] gfd M -
ufpF . gu/ M - >L . >LdtL
j8f gF M - !@ klt . kTgLsf] k]zf M -
ufpF . 6f]n M - !# 5f]/fsf] ;FVof M -
Øns gDj/ M -
!$ 5f]/Lsf] ;FVof M -
$ 3/ ePsf] lhNnf M - !% afa'sf] gfd M -
% hGd]sf] ldlt M - !^ afa'sf] k]zf M -
;fn M - dlxgf M- ut] M -
!& cfdfsf] gfd M-
!* cfdfsf] k]zf M-
!( afh]sf] gfd M -


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

89
!* O{R5fO{Psf] JolQmsf] gfd, y/ M @) k|lti7fgdf ePsf] a9'jfsf] kb /
ldlt M-

7]ufgf M - l; =g+ ldlt kb

c~rn M -
...................... ...
lhNnf M - ...................... ...
ufpF / gu/ M - ...................... ...
j8f gDj/ M - ...................... ...
ufpF . 6f]n M -
Jns gDj/ M -
sd{rf/Lsf] lgh;Fu ;DjGw M - @! o; cl3 ;/sf/L jf ;+3 ;+:yfsf]
;]jf /xL :yfoL kbdf sfd u/]sf]
!( k|lti7fgdf ePsf] lgo'lQmsf] ljj/0f M - eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f M

kb M - sfof{nosf] gfd M-
tx M -
;]jf M -
lgo'lQm ldlt M -
;fn M - dlxgf M - ut] M - kb M-

>]0fL / tx M-

lgo'lQm ldlt M-

5f]8]sf] ldlt M-

dfly n]lvPsf] ljj/0f 7Ls 5 . ;/sf/L jf ;+3 ;+:yfsf] ;]jfsf] lgldQ cof]Uo x'g] u/L dnfO{ s'g}
;hfo ePsf] 5}g . s'g} s'/f e'm7f] n]lvPsf] jf hfgLhfgL ;fFrf] s'/f bafpg] n'sfpg] pb]Zon]
n]lvPsf] 7x/] sfg"g adf]lhd ;hfo :jLsf/ ug]{5' egL ;xL 5fk ug]{ M-
sd{rf/Lsf]
-a'9L cf}+nfsf] 5fk_ b:tvt M

bfofF afofF

90
k|zf;g zfvfn] eg'{ kg]{ M -

! sd{rf/Lsf] ;+s]t g+ M

@ %* jif{ pd]/ k'Ug] ldlt M

k|dfl0ft ug]{ clws[tsf] M

b:tvt M -
gfd M -
sfof{nosf] 5fk M-

91
 kmf/fd g+ )@

z}lIfs of]Uotf, tfnLd, ;]ldgf/ ;Dd]ng

qmd= ;+ ;l6{lkms]6 cWoogsf] cWoog cjlw >]0fL lzIf0f ;:yfsf] tfnLd s}lkmot
jf pkflw ljifo ;]ldgf/
jf
;Dd]ngsf]
ljj/0f
b]lv ;Dd gfd 7]ufgf

sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt M
ldlt M

92
 
cg';"rL–(
-lgod ## sf] pklgod -!_ ;+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt,ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd eg]{ lgb]{lzsf M
!= of] kmf/fd k|To]s cfly{s jif{ ->fj0f ! ut] b]lv c;f/ d;fGt;Dd sfd u/]sf] cfwf/df_ eg'{
kg]{5 .
@= sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdnfO{ lgDg cg';f/ tLg v08df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 M
v08 s ;Dkflbt sfdsf] ljj/0f / pknlAw
v08 v sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ d"NofÍg
v08 u k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] d"NofÍg

#= v08 -s_ df pNn]lvt sfdsf] ljj/0f cGtu{t tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf cfk"mn] u/]sf] ;a}
sfdx?nfO{ ;s];Dd ;d]l6g] u/L d'Vo sfdx? 5f]6s/Ldf pNn]v u/L sd{rf/Ln] eg]{ egL
tf]lsPsf] dxndf pknlAw ;d]t ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] eg'{ kg]{5 . o;/L el/Psf] kmf/fd
b:tvt / ldlt ;lxt tf]lsPsf] ;'kl/j]Ifs ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

$= ;'kl/j]Ifsn] ;DalGwt sd{rf/Laf6 el/Psf] kmf/fd k|fKt eP kl5 v08 -s_ df pNn]lvt
;'kl/j]Ifsn] eg]{ / l6Kk0fL ug]{ egL tf]lsPsf] dxndf sd{rf/Låf/f el/Psf] pknlAw
;d]tnfO{ b[li6ut u/L pknlAw eg'{ kg]{5 . pknlAw / l6Kk0fLsf] cfwf/df ;'kl/j]Ifsn]
v08 -v_ sf] ;'kl/j]Ifssf] d"NofÍg c+z eg'{ kg]{5 . o;/L d"NofÍg ul/;s]kl5 cfkmgf]
b:tvt / ldlt ;lxt of] kmf/fd k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

%= k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] ;'kl/j]Ifsaf6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf] kmf/fdsf] v08 -s_ sf] cfwf/df v08
-v_ sf] k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] d"NofÍg sf] c+z eg'{ kg]{5 . o;/L el/Psf] kmf/fd
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] b:tvt / ldlt ;lxt k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

^= k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] v08 -u_ cg';f/sf] kmf/fd e/L b:tvt / ldlt ;lxt of] kmf/fd
kbk"lt{ ;ldltsf] ;lrjfnodf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf k]z x'g cfPsf sfo{
;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fdx?df k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltnfO{ ;'kl/j]Ifs jf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf
b'j}sf] d"NofÍgdf lrQ ga'em]df k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf ;'kl/j]Ifs;Fu k'i6\ofO{sf] dfu ug]{ jf
k'gd"{NofÍg ug'{ kg]{ cfwf/ ;lxt k'glj{rf/sf] nflu k7fpg ;Sg]5 . o;/L k7fPsf] sfo{
;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf ;'kl/j]Ifs tyf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] cfkm"sxfF k|fKt ePsf] tLg
lbgleq k'gM d"NofÍg u/L jf klxn] u/]sf] d"NofÍgdf ;+zf]wg ug{ cfjZos geP ;f]sf]
cf}lrTok"0f{ sf/0f v'nfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltdf k]z u/L ;Dg' kg]{5 . o;/L k'gM k]z x'g
cfPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fddf cf}lrTok"0f{ sf/0f v'nfO{ gcfPdf jf cÍ ;+zf]wg
klg eO{ gcfPdf k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] o; ljifodf l6Kk0fL u/L To:tf ;'kl/j]Ifs /
k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] clen]v /fVg / lghx?sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf k'glj{rf/ ug{
k|zf;g ljefudf n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .

;ldltsf] ldlt @)&^.#.#) sf] lg0ff{ofg';f/ ;+zf]lwt
93
&= Pp6f cjlw leq Ps eGbf a9L ;'kl/j]Ifssf] ;'kl/j]If0fdf /xL sfd u/]sf] sd{rf/Lsf]
xsdf of] kmf/fd eg'{ kbf{ ;f] cjlwsf] cGtdf hf] ;'kl/j]Ifs x'G5 p;}n] k"/f cjlwsf] kmf/fd
eg'{ kg]{5 .

*= k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s jif{ >fj0f ;ftut] leq cfˆgf] jflif{s sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg
kmf/fd e/L k|lti7fgdf btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
(= qmd;+Vof * adf]lhd btf{ e} cfPsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd ;'k/Lj]Ifsn] >fj0f
d;fGtleq d"NofÍg u/L k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ ;dIf k]z u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 .
!)= k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] qmd;+Vof ( adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd efb|
!% ut] leq k'g/fjnf]sg u/L k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf j'emfO{ ;Sg' kg]{5 . k'g/fjnf]sg
;ldltn] efb| d;fGtleq k'g/fjnf]sg u/L;Sg' kg]{5 .
!!= qmd;+Vof !) adf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"Nof+sg kmf/dsf] d"Nof+sg ;DkGg eO ;s]kl5
k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] l;njGbL vfdsf] jGb jGbdf b:tvt u/L k|dfl0ft u/L Ps
k|lt k|zf;g zfvfdf / Ps k|lt kbk"lt{ ;ldltdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

!@= k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg ug]{ qmddf ;'k/Lj]Ifssn] b]xfosf] cfwf/df
d"NofÍg ug'[{kg]{5 M
-s_ labf :jLs[t gu/fO{ jf labfsf] cfj]bg glbO{ nuftf/ tL; lbg eGbf a9L cg'kl:yt
ePsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ clt pQd :t/sf] cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg] .
-v_ gl;xt kfPsf] jf u|]8 /f]Ssf jf a9'jf /f]Ssfsf] ;hFfo kfPsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ ;f]
;hfo kfPsf] jif{df sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df clt pQd :t/sf] cÍ
glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg] .
-u_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] cfk"mn] lnPsf] k]ZsL /sd sfa' jflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/]sf] egL
k|lti7fgaf6 k|dfl0ft u/fPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s c? cj:yfdf g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n
Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg cfly{s k|zf;g ;DjGwL lgodfjnL, @)^# sf] cwLgdf /xL 5
dlxgf leq km5\of}{6 gu/fPsf] ePdf sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL cfwf/df clt
pQd :t/sf cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg] .
-3_ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs afx]ssf kbdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Ln] ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] nIosf] krf;
k|ltzt k"/f ug{ g;s]df To:tf] sd{rf/Lsf] d"NofÍgdf sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL
cfwf/df clt pQd :t/sf cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg .
t/ v08 -3_ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu tf]s]sf] nIo ;DjlGwt sd{rf/Lsf] sf/0fn]
geO{ cGo sf/0fn] k"/f x'g g;s]df cÍ 36fO{g] 5}g .
-ª_ s'g} sd{rf/Ln] cg'zf;gxLg sfd u/]sf] k|df0f ePdf sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/ ;DaGwL
cfwf/df clt pQd :t/sf cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg] .
-r_ lgod ##s sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb leq sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd
geg]{ / Dofb leq sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg gug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ sfdsf] ;du| u'0f:t/
;DaGwL cfwf/df clt pQd :t/sf cÍ glbO{ a9Ldf pQd :t/sf] cÍ lbg] .

94
 -5_ pko'{Qm adf]lhdsf sf/0f ljBdfg x'Fbfx'Fb} ;f] adf]lhdsf] cÍ g36fPsf] b]lvPdf
To:tf d"NofÍgstf{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf Ps cÍ 36fO{g]5 .
-h_ pko'{Qm adf]lhd cÍ 36fpg' kg]{ ePdf klg ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f pNn]v ug'\{ kg]{5 .

!#= k|lti7fgsf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgsf] s"n cÍsf] laefhg b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-s_ ;'kl/j]Ifsn] lbg;Sg] clwstd k}+lt; cÍ .

-v_ k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] lbg;Sg] clwstd bz cÍ .
-u_ k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltn] lbg ;Sg] clwstd kfFr cÍ .

!$= jflif{s ?kdf ul/g] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg jfkt ;'kl/j]Ifs jf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{n] (% k|ltzt
eGbf j9L jf &% k|ltzt eGbf sd cÍ k|bfg u/]sf]df ;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f v'nfpg' k5{ / &%
k|ltzt eGbf sd cÍ lbPsf]df ;DalGwt sd{rf/LnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{ lghn] k|ltlqmof lbPdf
;f] ;d]t /fvL k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf
k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltnfO{ ;'kl/j]Ifs jf k'g/fjnf]sgstf{ jf b'j}sf] ;f] d"NofÍg lrQ ga'em]df
;f]sf] :ki6 sf/0f ;d]t v'nfO{ lkmtf{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 . To;/L lkmtf{ k7fPsf]df ;DalGwt
d"NofÍgstf{n] k'gM d"NofÍg u/L jf klxn] u/]sf] d"NofÍgdf ;+zf]wg ug{ cfjZos geP ;f]sf
cf}lrTok"0f{ sf/0f v'nfO{ k'gf/fnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{ 5 .

!%= sd{rf/Ln] ;dodfg} e/L btf{ u/]sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n
Joj:yfkg sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL @)^! sf] lgod ##s sf] pklgod -@_ / -#_
adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq d"NofÍg gug]{ kbflwsf/LnfO{ ljefuLo sf/jfxL ul/g]5 .

95
 v08 -s_
sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg kmf/fd
btf{ g+
ldlt M
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
kb M
d"NofÍg cjlw M = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = b]lv = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;Dd
xfnsf] kbdf k|j]z u/]sf] ldlt M
sd{rf/Ln] eg]{
sfdsf] ljj/0f ;Dkflbt sfdsf] pknlØw ;Dkflbt sfo{ ljj/0f /
pknlØwsf] cfwf/df
;'kl/j]Ifssn] eg]{ .
;'lDkPsf d'Vo sfo{x?
-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-ª_

s'g} sfd ;Dkfbg x'g g;s]sf] eP To;sf sf/0fx?

sfdx? sf/0fx? ;dfwfg ug{ ul/Psf ;'kl/j]Ifssf] l6Kk0fL

k|of;x?
-s_ -s_ -s_ -s_ sf/0fsf cf}lrTo M

-v_ -v_ -v_ 7Ls

a]7Ls
-u_ -u_ -u_
-v_ sf/0f ;dfwfg ug{
-3_ -3_ -3_ ul/Psf k|of; M
7Ls
a]7Ls
sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt M ldlt M
;'kl/j]Ifssf] gfd M
b:tvt M
ldlt M

b|i6Jo M
 pknlAw ljj/0f ;Dej eP;Dd k|To]s ;Dkflbt sfdsf] kl/df0f, nfut, ;donfO{ cf}+Nofpg' kg]{5 .
 nIf gtf]lsPsf sfdx?sf] xsdf ;'kl/j]Ifsn] d"NofÍg ubf{ ;Dej eP;Dd dfq kl/df0f, nfut /
;dosf] cfwf/df ug'{ kg]{5 .

96
 v08 -v_
sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg
-clws[tx?sf] nflu_

sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M

sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ ;'kl/j]Ifssf] d"NofÍg k"g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] d"NofÍg

:t/ clt pQd /fd|f] ;fdfGo Go"g clt pQd /fd|f] ;fdfGo Go"g
pQd pQd

cÍ & ^=^% %=(% %=@% @=$% @ !=( !=& !=% )=&

!=;Dkflbt sfddf e/ ug{ ;lsg]
Ifdtf / sfo{ rfk jxg ug]{ Ifdtf

@=cGt/ j}olQms :jefj / ;~rf/

;Lk Pj+ g]t[Tj / ;+u7gfTds
Ifdtf
#=;[hgzLntf,cu|;/tf,
;xof]uLnfO{ ljsl;t ug]{ Ifdtf
Pj+ k]zfut ;+j]bgzlntf
-O{dfGbfl/tf, uf]klgotf cflb_

$=;|f]t / ;fwgsf] k|efjsf/L

pkof]u Pj+ ljj]ssf] k|of]u /
lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtf ;d]t sfdsf]
;du| u'0f:t/
%=pkl:ylt,;dokfng, cg'zf;g /
cfr/0f tyf g}ltstf

k|fKtf+s

s"n k|fKtf+s M s"n k|fKtf+s M

-s_ cÍdf M -s_ cÍdf M
-v_ cIf/df M -v_ cIf/df M
;'kl/j]Ifssf] b:tvt M k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] b:tvt M
;'kl/j]Ifssf] gfd M k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] gfd M
ldlt M ldlt M

97
 v08 -u_
k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] d"NofÍg

sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M

sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ :t/ clt pQd /fd|f] ;fdfGo Go"g

pQd
cÍ ! )=(% )=*% )=&% )=#%
!=;Dkflbt sfddf e/ ug{ ;lsg] Ifdtf / sfo{ rfk
jxg ug]{ Ifdtf
@=cGt/ j}olQms :jefj / ;~rf/ ;Lk Pj+ g]t[Tj /
;+u7gfTds Ifdtf
#=;[hgzLntf,cu|;/tf, ;xof]uLnfO{ ljsl;t ug]{
Ifdtf Pj+ k]zfut ;+j]bgzlntf -O{dfGbfl/tf,
uf]klgotf cflb_
$=;|f]t / ;fwgsf] k|efjsf/L pkof]u Pj+ ljj]ssf]
k|of]u / lg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtf
%=pkl:ylt,;dokfng, cg'zf;g / cfr/0f tyf
g}ltstf
k|fKtf+s

s"n k|fKtf+s M
-s_ cÍdf M
-v_ cIf/df M
k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf]

gfd M b:tvt M

!= ==================

@= ==================

#= ==================

ldlt M

98
 v08 -v_
sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg
-;xfos :t/sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu_

sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M

sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ ;'kl/j]Ifssf] d"NofÍg k"g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] d"NofÍg

:t/ clt pQd /fd|f] ;fdfGo Go"g clt pQd /fd|f] ;fdfGo Go"g
pQd pQd
cÍ & ^=^% %=(% %=@% @=$% @ !=( !=& !=% )=&
!=;Dkflbt sfddf e/ ug{
;lsg] Ifdtf,;Dkflbt
sfdsf] u'0f:t/ Pj+ ;hutf
/ lz3|tf

@=lgb]{zfg';f/ sfd ug]{

Ifdtf,sfddf ?rL / pT;fx

#=O{dfGbf/Ltf / g}ltstf,
pkl:ylt / ;dokfng,
cf1fkfng / cg'zf;g

$=cGt/ j}olQms :jefj /

;a};+u ldn]/ sfd ug{
;Sg] Ifdtf

%=sfo{ rfk axg ug]{

Ifdtf ;d]t sfdsf] ;du|
u'0f:t/
k|fKtf+s

s"n k|fKtf+s M s"n k|fKtf+s M

-s_ cÍdf M -s_ cÍdf M
-v_ cIf/df M -v_ cIf/df M
;'kl/j]Ifssf] b:tvt M k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] b:tvt M
;'kl/j]Ifssf] gfd M k'g/fjnf]sgstf{sf] gfd M
ldlt M ldlt M

99
 v08 -u_
k"g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf] d"NofÍg

sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M

sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf] :t/ :t/ clt pQd /fd|f] ;fdfGo Go"g

pQd
cÍ ! )=(% )=*% )=&% )=#%
!=;Dkflbt sfddf e/ ug{ ;lsg] Ifdtf,;Dkflbt
sfdsf] u'0f:t/ Pj+ ;hutf / lz3|tf
@=lgb]{zfg';f/ sfd ug]{ Ifdtf,sfddf ?rL /
pT;fx,
#=O{dfGbf/Ltf / g}ltstf, pkl:ylt / ;dokfng,
cf1fkfng / cg'zf;g
$=cGt/ j}olQms :jefj / ;a};+u ldn]/ sfd
ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf
%=sfo{ rfk axg ug]{ Ifdtf

k|fKtf+s

s"n k|fKtf+s M
-s_ cÍdf M
-v_ cIf/dfM
k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf]
gfd M b:tvt M

!= ==================

@= ==================

#= ==================

ldlt M

100
 
cg';"rL - !)
-lgod %& ;+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg

labfsf] lgj]bg

-sd{rf/Ln] k|of]u ug]{ _

gfd M - kb M-
lrGx dfu u/]sf] labfsf] lsl;d labfsf] cjlw sf/0f
nufpg]

3/ labf
aL/fdL labf
e}kl/ labf
kj{ labf
lsl/of labf
k|;'lt labf/k|;'lt :ofxf/ ljbf sd{rf/Lsf] ;xL jf kq
c;fwf/0f labf
cWoog labf
ldlt M

labfsf] ldlt M == = = = = = = = = = = = = = b]lv = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;Dd

lgs6d clws[tn] eg]{

/fo jf cGo s'g} s'/f b:tvt M -

gfd M -
bhf{ M -
ldlt M -


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt

101
 k|zf;g zfvfn] k|of]u ug]{

labfsf] lsl;d cl3sf] afFsL xfn dfu]sf] ca /xg cfpg] s}lkmot

-----------------------------
k|zf;g zfvfsf] clws[t jf dflyNnf] clws[tsf] /fo jf cGo s'/f sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt M
k|zf;g zfvf M

--------------------------------
:jLs[t c:jLs[t :jLs[t lbg] clws[t
bhf{ M -

sd{rf/Lsf] hfgsf/Lsf] lgldQ

g]kfn ;/sf/
ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg

;DalGwt sd{Rf/LnfO{ hfgsf/Lsf] lgldQ lbg] ;"rgf

kq ;+Vof M ldlt M
>L / >LdtL / ;'>L

labfsf] lsl;d :jLs[t / c:jLs[t cjlw z'? x'g] ldlt sfof{nodf

xflh/ x'g] ldlt

---------------------------------
;"rgf ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] b:tvt
bhf{ M
sfof{nosf] 5fk M

102
 
cg';"lr - !!
-lgod %* ;+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
labf tyf pkrf/ vr{sf] ljj/0f
sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M kb M tx M ;]jf M
ljj/0f 3/ labf aL/fdL labf k|;'lt labf/k|;'lt lsl/of labf cWoog labf c;fwf/0f labf pkrf/ k|dfl0ft s}lkmot
:ofxf/ ljbf vr{ jfkt ug]{
lnPsf] clws[tsf]
hDdf vr{ af+sL hDdf vr{ af+sL hDdf vr{ af+sL hDdf vr{ af+sL hDdf vr{ af+sL hDdf vr{ af+sL /sd ldlt b:tvt
! @ # $ % ^ & * ( !) !! !@ !# !$ !% !^ !& !* !( @) @! @@ @#
ljut ;fn
;Ddsf]
lhDd]jf/L
;f/]sf] = =


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt

103
 
cg';"lr - !@
-lgod *& ;+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
k|lti7fgaf6 dgf]gog eO{ cWoog/tfnLd/e|d0fdf hfg] sd{rf/Ln] u/]sf]
sj'lnotgfdfsf] 9fFrf
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fgsf] = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = kbdf sfo{/t d = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = n] k|lti7fgsf] ldlt = = = = = = = = sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = d'n'sdf ldlt = = = = = = = = = = = b]lv = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;Dd
;~rfng x'g] = = = = = = = ljifosf] cWoog/tfnLd/e|d0fdf dgf]gog eP cg'?k lgs6 eljiodf
pQm sfo{qmddf ;xeflu x'g hfg nfu]sf]n] d}n] g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL, @)^! sf] lgod *& adf]lhd b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sj'lnotgfdf k]z
u/]sf] 5' .
-s_ plNnlvt cWoog/tfnLd/e|d0fdf ;xeflu x'gsf] nflu lglb{i6 ldltleq
cWoog/tfnLd/e|d0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ ;+:yfdf xflh/ x'g hfg]5' .
-v_ ;j} k|sf/sf cWoog/tfnLd/e|d0fsf] nflu k"j{ :jLs[t cjlw e'QmfgL x'gf;fy :jb]z kmsL{
k|lti7fgdf xflh/ x'g]5' tyf g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg sd{rf/L ;]jf
zt{ lgodfjnL, @)^! sf] lgod *^ adf]lhdsf] cjlw ;Dd clgjfo{ ?kn] ;]jf ug]{5' .
-u_ plNnlvt cWoog/tfnLd/e|d0f k"/f ugf{;fy lgodfg';f/sf Dofbleq k|lti7fgdf xflh/ x'g
gcfPdf jf g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL,
@)^! sf] lgod *^ adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{ ;]jf cjlw k"/f gu/]df g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n
Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL, @)^! sf] lgod *& sf] pklgod -@_
cg';f/ cWoog/tfnLd/e|d0f cjlwdf d}n] kfPsf] tnj, eQf Pj+ cGo cfly{s ;'ljwfx?sf]
;fy} pQm sfo{qmddf efu lng cfpFbf hfFbfsf] nflu k|fKt u/]sf] xjfO{ ef8f, bft[ lgsfoaf6
k|fKt 5fqj[lQ tyf cGo cfly{s ;'ljwf a/fa/sf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd d}n] k|lti7fgaf6 e'QmfgL
kfpg' kg]{ tnj, eQf,pkbfg, d]/f] gfpFdf /x]sf] sd{rf/L ;~rosf]if / gful/s nufgL
sf]if,d}n] ;l~rt u/]sf] 3/ ljbf / lj/fdL ljbf jfkt kfpg' kg]{ /sd, cf}iflw pkrf/ jfkt
d}n] e'QmfgL kfpg' kg]{ /sd, k|lti7fg / d]/f] ;+o'Qm nufgLaf6 ul/Psf] aLdf /sd,
k|lti7fgaf6 d}n] kfpg] cGo ;'ljwfsf /sd / g]kfn leq d]/f] gfddf /x]sf] rn crn
;DklQaf6 ;d]t k|lti7fgn] daf6 afFsL ;/x c;"n u/]df d]/f] k"0f{ dGh"/L 5 .

sj'lnotgfdf u/fpg] clwsf/Lsf] M sj'lnotgfdf ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] M

b:tvt M – b:tvt M –
gfd y/ M – gfd y/ M –
kb M– kb M–
ldlt M- ldlt M-


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt
104
 
cg';"lr - !@s
-lgod %!s ;+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
lgod %) sf] pklgod & cg';f/ cWoog ljbf lnO{ cWoog/tfnLd/e|d0fdf hfg] sd{rf/Ln] ug'{
kg]{ sj'lnotgfdfsf] 9fFrf
-ljbf :jLs[ltsf] nflu lbO\{g] lgj]bg ;fydf g} clgjfo{ ?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 ._

g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fgsf] = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = kbdf

sfo{/t d = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = n] k|lti7fgsf] ldlt = = = = =
= = = sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = d'n'sdf ldlt = = = = = = = = = = =
b]lv = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;Dd d'n'ssf] = = = = = = = = = ljZj ljBfno/z}lIfs ;+:yfdf =
= = = = = = =ljifosf] cWoog/tfnLd/e|d0f ug{ k"j{ :jLs[lt k|fKt u/]sf] / k|lti7fgsf] ldlt = = = =
= = = = = sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ pko'{Qm k|of]hgsf] nflu d lgs6 eljiodf dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] d'n'sdf
hfg nfu]sf]n] pQmfg';f/sf] d]/f] :jLs[lt ljbf ;dfKt x'gf;fy d k|lti7fgdf xflh/ x'g] 5' /
cWoogaf6 kmls{ cfPkl5 d}n] ljbf lnPsf] cjlw a/fj/sf] cjlw clgjfo{ ?kdf ;]jf ug]{5' . pQm
k|of]hgsf] nflu :jLs[t cWoog ljbf e'Qmfg x'gf;fy k|lti7fgdf xflh/ x'g gcfPsf] cj:yfdf jf
plNnlvt cjlw ;Dd ;]jfdf axfn g/x]sf] cj:yfdf d}n] ljbf lnPsf] cjlw d]/f] ;]jf cjlwdf
u0fgf gePdf d]/f] dGh'/L 5 elg of] sj'lnotgfdf k]z u/]sf] 5' .

sj'lnotgfdf u/fpg] clwsf/Lsf] M sj'lnotgfdf ug]{ sd{rf/Lsf] M

b:tvt M – b:tvt M –
gfd y/ M – gfd y/ M –
kb M– kb M–
ldlt M- ldlt M-


klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
105
 cg';"lr - !#
-lgod !)# ;+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfn ;/sf/
;+:s[lt, ko{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno
g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
;DklQ laa/0f kmf/fd

sd{rf/Lsf] gfd M
kb M - tx M -
-s_ crn ;DklQ -3/ hUuf_
qm 3/ hUuf / cGo gfd / cGo 3/ hUuf /x]sf] s:sf] gfddf s;/L s}lkmot
=;+ crn ;DklQsf] ljj/0f 7fp+ -ufp+ , /x]sf] lghsf] k|fKt -3/ eP- tNnf
5f]6s/L ljj/0f gu/ lhNnf_ gfd / c? ePsf] ;d]t pNn]v
eP ug]{ _
lgh;+usf] -hUuf eP -
;DaGw /f]kgL jf
rNtLsf] gfk
n]Vg]_

-v_ gub, hjflx/ft, ;'g, rf+bL cflb .

qm ;DklQsf] 5f]6s/L ljj/0f gfk / tf}n s;/L k|fKt ePsf] s}lkmot

=;+ kl/df0f

106
 -u_ z]o/ a}+s Øofn]G;sf] ljj/0f

qm ;DklQsf] 5f]6s/L sDkgL jf a}+ssf] hDdf S:sf] gfddf /x]sf] s;/L s}lkmot
=;+ ljj/0f gfd / 7]ufgf d"No lghsf] gfd / c? k|fKt
eP lgh;+usf] ;DjGw ePsf]

-3_ C0f lnPsf] / lwtf] lbPsf] eP ;f] sf] ljj/0f

qm C0f / lwtf]sf] lnP/ lbPsf] sf/0f hDdf d"No lkmtf{ ug]{ s}lkmot
=;+ ljj/0f gfd, 7]ufgf cjlw

107
 -ª_ C0f lbPsf] jf c?af6 lwtf] lnPsf] eP ;f] sf] ljj/0f

qm =;+ C0f lwtf]sf] C0f lbPsf] sf/0f hDdf d"No lkmtf{ ug]{ s}lkmot
ljj/0f lwtf] lnPsf] cjlw
gfd / 7]ufgf

d}n] hfg] a'em];Dd dfly n]lvP adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f 7Ls 5 . km/s kg]{ 5}g egL b:tvt ug]{

gfd M-
kb M-
ldlt M-
b:i6Jo M

-!_ of] ljj/0f k]z ul/;s]kl5 ;DklQdf s'g} yk36 ePdf k|lti7fgdf ;f] ljj/0f v'nfO{
l;naGbL ?kdf k]z ug'{ k5{ .

-@_ k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/L pk/ ul/g] sfg"g adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL b]lv afx]s c? s'/fdf of]
ljj/0f k|of]u ul/g] 5}g . of] ljj/0f ;DalGwt kbflwsf/L afx]s c?n] x]g{ kfOg] 5}g . of]
ljj/0f k|sfz gu/L uf]Ko ?kdf /flvg] 5 .

108
 cg';'lr - !$
-lgod !!* ;Fu ;DjlGwt_
ljefuLo ;hfosf] cfb]zsf] lg0f{osf] gd"gf

>L g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fgsf >L = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = n] u/]sf] .

;hfosf] cfb]zsf] lg0f{osf] kmf/fd

>L g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fgdf = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = kbdf

sfo{/t >L = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = n] = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
hfFra'em ubf{ / u/fpFbf = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = b]lvg cfPsf]n]
lgh >L= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;+u g]kfn ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj:yfkg k|lti7fg
sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ lgodfjnL, @)^! sf] lgod !!@ sf] pklgod -!_ adf]lhd = = = = = = = =
lbgsf] Dofb lbO{ ;kmfO{ dfu ul/Psf]df lghn] k]z u/]sf] ;kmfO{sf] Joxf]/f, ;a"b = = = = = = = = = =
= = == = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
sf/0faf6 ;Gtf]ifhgs b]lvPg . t;y{ lgod = = = = = == = = = = = = = = = = = sf] = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = adf]lhdsf] s;"/df lgod !)^ sf] v08 = = = = = adf]lhdsf] ;hfo
lghnfO{ lsg gug]{ < ;f] ug'{ gkg]{ s'g} ;a"t k|df0f jf sf/0f s]xL eP = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = = = = = = = leq :ki6Ls/0f k]z ug'{ egL lgod !!# adf]lhdsf] :ki6Ls/0f dfu ul/Psf]df
lghn] = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = egL :ki6Ls/0f k]z u/]sf] b]lvof] . o; ;DaGwdf
;+sng ePsf sfuhft, a'lemPsf ;a"b k|df0f / k]z ePsf] :ki6Ls/0f pk/ ;d]t ljrf/ ubf{ = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;a"b k|df0faf6 lgh >L = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
= = n] lgod = = = = = = = = sf] pklgod = = = = = adf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] lgh >L =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = nfO{ lgod !)^ sf] v08 = = = = = = = adf]lhd = = = = =
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;hfo lbg] lg0f{o cfb]z ul/Psf] 5 . of] cfb]zdf lrQ ga'e]mdf
lgod !!( sf] v08 -3_ sf] Dofb leq = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = ;dIf k'g/fj]bg
lbg ;lsg]5 .

b:tvt M

ldlt M

109