Assignment 1: Chapter 2 – States of Matter Related to Pharmaceutical Calculations

Name: Garingan, Zyreene Nicole T. Yr./Sec.: 2-IPH Seat no.: 16 Date: August 21, 2020

Answer the following:

Intermolecular forces 1. Forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules.

Adhesive forces 2. Force of attraction between unlike molecules.

Cohesive forces 3. Force of attraction between like molecules.

Types of Intermolecular forces:

van der Waals attractive forces 4. Relatively weak forces compared to covalent forces. It includes dipole-
dipole, dipole-induced dipole and induced dipole-induced dipole.

Ion-dipole forces 5. Force of attraction between an ionized drug molecule and a counterion which
may be an inorganic salt ion or organic species.

Hydrogen bonding 6. Strong type of dipole-dipole attraction that results from the interaction between
the hydrogen atom and electronegative atom.

Hydrophobic interactions 7. Force of attraction arises from the inability of non-polar molecules to interact
with water.

8. Differentiate the states of matter based on the following criteria:

Intermolecular
States Characteristics Kinetic energy
forces
Solid fixed shape nearly compressible compare strong little kinetic
to liquid and glasses intermolecular energy
force
Liquid takes shape of container may change its shape weak lesser kinetic
has definite volume intermolecular energy than
force gases
more dense than gases
Gas indefinite shape compressible weak high kinetic
intermolecular energy
force

9. Three main types of solids:

Types Characteristics
Crystalline arranged in repetituous 3-dimensional lattice units
definite melting point

Amorphous no melting point

less stable than crystalline materials

Polymeric different physical properties, melting points, solubility, and stability

 large molecules formed by the covalent assembly of smaller molecules into a chain
of repeating structural units

Assignment 1: Chapter 2 – States of Matter Related to Pharmaceutical Calculations

Name: Garingan, Zyreene Nicole T. Yr./Sec.: 2-IPH Seat no.: 17 Date: August 21, 2020

__ ___Polymorphs __10. They are drugs that exist in more than one crystalline shape.

_______Crystal________11. Most drugs exist in the _____ form.

_______angles________12. and ____length____13. Crystals are defined by the ___ and ___ of the lattice.

_____cubic system_____14. Crystal system which exhibits the highest symmetry.

_____triclinic system___15. Crystal system which exhibits the lowest symmetry.

______humid_________16. and ____water____17. Chemical degradation of crystals may be accelerated

under___ conditions and presence of ___.

___ _melting point___ _18. and ______solubility______ 19. Polymorphic crystals differ in ___ and ___ due
to difference in molecular interactions.

__ _ bioavailability_ _ _ 20. Differences in solubility of the drug may to lead to differences in ____.
___Biopharmaceutics __21. It is the study of the factors influencing the bioavailability of a drug in humans
and animals and the use of this information to optimize therapeutic activity.

___Pharmacokinetics___22. It is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of

drugs in the body.

____Pharmaceutics_____23. It deals with the art and science of formulation and manufacture of dosage
forms and drug delivery system.

________True_________24. Amorphous sol ids can be converted to crystalline state.

25-28. Which type of solid exhibits the following characteristics?

A. Crystalline
B. Amorphous

___B___25. Faster chemical degradation

___A___26. Physically more stable

___B___27. Dissolves faster

___A___28. Less soluble