Chemical Engineering Principles Liquid-Liquid Extraction REVIEW QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS I. To determine the minimum ratio of extraction solvent to feed solvent, one has to know b. only the concentration of solute in the feed solvent c. only the concentration of solute in the extraction solvent d. number of stages in the system 2. in a liquid-liquid extraction process, the extraction solvent has no selectivity when the ratio of the two components in the extraction solvent phase to that in the feed solvent phase is a. more than 2.0 c. between 2.0 and 1.0 b. 2.0 3. In an extraction process theegreate _ the weight of the solute in the raffinate relative to that in the extract__ the distribution coefficient. a. the same is c. the more is b. the better is d. does not affect 4. The unit operation by which soluble components of a liquid mixture are dissolved in another liquid that is partially immiscible with the other components is a. c. leaching b. adsorption d. absorption 5. Liquid-liquid extraction is based on the differences in a. solubility c. partial pressure b. specific volume d. viscosity 6. There are 30 kg of solute in 100 liters of water, the weight of solute that will be extracted by 35 liters of ether if the distribution coefficient, K = 4is a.3kg b.2kg 3.45 kg 279Chemical Engineering Principles Liquid-Liquid Extraction 7. If a 3-stage counter current extraction system is used in Problem 6, the weight of solute that will remain in the raffinate is a. 20 kg b. 10kg c. 27 kg d. 29 kg 8. A solution of solute (A) in diluent (B) is mixed with a solvent (S). The component (13) is slightly soluble in (S). The resulting extract will be a. rich in S. poor in B, poorin A c_poorin §, rich in B, poor in A b. rich in. S, rich in B, rich in A Problems 9 and /0 are based on the following information: Itis desired to extract benzoic acid from toluene using water as the extracting solvent, Data: Analysis of feed : benzoic acid = 1.0%; toluene = 90% Rate of feed = 120 pm; Rate of solvent = 20 gpm Assumptions: 1. All flow rates are steady; 2. Toluene and water are immiscible; 3. Feed concentration remains constant; 4. Two streams leaving each stage are in equilibrium with each other and K = 0.125 The % of the acid extracted is: 9. With a single stage system. b, 69% c. 45% d. 65% . 10, With a two stage system a. 95% b. 85% ¢. 79% d. 65% Problems // and /2 are based on the following information: A solution contains a valuable material M in water. M is recovered from the solution. using solvent S. If 9 kg of S is used per kg of solution and the distribution equilibrium is VZ = 3, where X = kg MI kg water and Z = kg M/kg S The % M that will remain in the solution after solvent extraction using 11. Single batch equilibrium stage is a. 30% b: 35% d. 40% 12. Two successive batch equilibrium steps using fresh solvent for each step is b. 17.6% c. 15.6% d. 18.6% Problems 13 to /5 are based on the following information: Benzoic acid is 9 times more soluble in chloroform than in water. The percent benzoic acid that will remain from a water solution of benzoic acid if 13. Equal quantity of chloroform and water is used is a. 10% b. 20% ©. 15% d. 30% 14. Twice as much chloroform as water is used is a. 2.6% b. 5.3% ©. 3.5% d. 6% 15. If extraction as in Problem 13 were followed by an extraction as in Problem 14 is a. 0.53% b. 0.35% ©. 0.63% d. 0.73% 280Chemical Engineering P ciples Liquid-Liquid Extraction Acetic acid is to be extracted from an aqueous solution by counter-current extraction with isopropyl ether. The feed is 10,000 kgfhr of 28% acetic acid. 16. The number of equilibrium stages required for a solvent feed rate of 30,000 kgihr and an extract composition of 8% acetic acid is a4 b.5 a8 d.10 17. The minimum solvent to feed ratio which will give the same raffinate composition is a. 3.14 b.4.3 c.2.4 1.75 18. Heat-sensitive materials with very high latent heat of vaporization may be economically separated using c. evaporation a. b. distillation d. absorption 19, Fractional solvent extraction a, employs only one solvent c. results in low interfacial tension b. d. none of these 20. Choose the best combination or properties or a good solvent for extraction out of the following (v) large distribution coefficient (ii) low Selectivity (vi) small distribution coefficient (iiihigh viscosity (vii)_-high interfacial tension (iv) low viscosity (Vii). low interfacial tension a. (i). (iv).(v),. (vii) ©. 0), (Cv) (vii) (i)_ high selectivity b. (i), Gii),(v), (vi) d. (), 0), Civ ), (vii) 21. Selectivity of solvent used in extraction should be al b< aan d 22. In liquid extraction, if selectivity is unity, then a. separation of the constituent is most effective c, amount of solvent required will be minimum d, solvent flow rate should be very low 23. When the solvent dissolves very little of the solute then a. solvent of low latent heat of vaporization should be used b. solvent of low stolen cei should be used d. very small quantity of solute is required 24. Which of the following is the most suitable for extraction in a system having very low density difference? a. mixer-settler extractor c. pulsed extractor b, centrifugal extractor ti packed extraction tower 25. In extraction, as the temperature increases, the area of heterogeneity (area covered by binodal curve) a. decreases c. remains unchanged b. increases d. none of these 281