MANUAL FOR SEISMIC EVALUATION ‘OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS Public Worts Department| MANUAL FOR SEISMIC EVALUATION OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT. PREPARED UNDER PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ON NATURAL DISASTER RESISTANT TECHNIQUES ‘OF CONSTRUCTION AND RETROFITTING FOR PUBLIC BUILDING (CNCRP) | TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECT BETWEEN PWD AND ICA amis© Public Works Department ‘llrightsreserved Noput ofthis publication sal be reproduced stored in erieval system, reprinted ‘tansmited in any fon by any Means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording of OETwse without permission in ting from the Chief Engineer, Publi Works Departmen Pablshed by: rablic Works Department Purta Bhaban, Segunbagicha Dhaka-1000, STRICTLY FOR OFFICIAL USE lest Eaton ane 2015, “The contents ofthis book are related to rerofiting design and castration process generally undertaken by Public Works Department which have been described heeiafer in brief theoretical form as [Biidelines, Ae such no chapte, article, claus, sub-lause therefore, be refered to as VALID: BOCUMENTS in the event of any ariition, litigation, dispute claim case, whatsoever secure, made tr claimed by any personas the case may be under any ereumstnces, ‘wrinen suggestions to up revive any please Le ees to ‘The Chief Engine, Public Works Depertmont Pricer Tak, 100000 Cover dsign: Nipun/Team Engine Limited Production: ‘Team Ergine Limited ALI Tover (1th ocr) 44 Kawranbazr, Daka 1215, Bangladesh ‘www engine comForeword Bangladeshis » disaster prone country. The county is Sequently affeted by flood, cyclones and «yelone induced storm surges and tornados. The country is also under test of moderate to song, ‘earthquakes due tothe geographical position. Bangladesh it close to one ofthe mort tctniclly active regions inthe word, It is stunted where tee tectonic plates naly the Idan plate, the Esra plate and the Burmese plate met. Banglades, over the lst hundred and ify year, had experienced eight ‘major earthquakes of magnitude over 7.0. Among those earthquakes, we earthquakes tamely Bengal Earthquake of 1885 and Srimongol Eathquske of 1918 had tei epicenter within the counry. Du ots proximity tothe plate boundaries, active faults and tac records of historcal damaging earthquakes in and around Bangladesh probably of oecurence of strong earthquake is high. “The risks of loss of lfe and damage to property du to earthquake are almost entirely associated with manmade sinctures. Because earthquake doesn't kill people, buildings &. The rapid urbanization of ‘sovea ities especialy Dhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet during the last 25 yers with most of the buildings being non-nginered sa hig concern Public Werks Department (PWD) with istry of over 150 yar isthe Government Department which ‘owns almest all the publi buildings ofthe country in connection with constuction and aintenance, The ‘partment inherits the legacy ffom British India though Pakistan prod ro preset independent Bangladesh. A msjor portion ofthe huge building stock is ureinforeedbriec masonry buildings with lw concrete svength, inadequate colamn section and non ductile RC flamed structures, The Bangldesh "Nationa Building Code (BNBC) was formulated in 1993 and enacted in 2006. PWD hasbeen following ‘American Conese Instiute (ACT) code till 1993 and the BNBC subsepuntly for structural design purpose. But strict adherence to the code especialy the seismic provision came into practice very recently. AS a resul, 2 staggering number of existing buldings do not meet the seismic demand and ‘spacty requirements ofthe curent BNBC (Final dr, July 2015) ‘The Government of Bangladesh has taken a stong stand with disaster sis reduction, Government's success in ceri areas of disaster risk mitigation sich at flood, cyclone i aclaimed by the world and taken as role mode! in many counties. In case of earthguake disaster, he county ie not sufficiently prepared to reduce the risk. The min reason is that earthquake is ota frequent phenomenon Bangladesh. The country fad experienced the last devastating carhuake in 1897 (The Great Indisn Earthquake with magninude 8). Inthe Standing Order on Disister (SOD) ofthe Goverament, PWD is entrusted withthe task to promote seismic resistant building and to retrofit public buildings which are vulnerable to earthquake. Duco the lick of technical know-how, PWD could not undertake projects for reofiting. To overcome this deficiency, PWD Ins undertaken a projet with the technical eaoperation of ICA titled “Project for Capacity Development on Natural Disster Resistat Techniques of Conaricton and Retofiting. for Public Buildings (CNCRP". The main purpose of the four yea lng pross eto enrich the technical knowledge and working capacity ofthe engines of PWD for seismic assesment, etofting design and ‘construction of existing RC famed pubic builns. (One ofthe ouput ofthis projet isto develop 6 (sx) nvidual manuals end guidelines as sated under for future references |. Manual fo Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Conret Buildings 2. Manual fr Sesmie Rewoit Design of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings 3, Manual for Retoit Construction and Supervision of Reinforced Conrete Buildings 4. Guidelines for Quality Conta of Design and Construction of Renforced Conree Buildings ‘5. Manual fr Sesmie Design of Reinfored Concrete Buildings6, Manual for Vulnerabiliy Assessment and Damage Prediction of Reinforced Concrete As sated calc, many existing buildings do not meet the seismic demand and eapscity requirements of the current BNBC. The need fr reroiting may aie from one or more ofthe follovng reasons (@) Violation of Bangladesh National Building Code in structural design an corstrcton process. (€) Subsequent updating of Building Code (6) Deterioration due to ging snd unexpected natural and human ected hazards. {@) Modieation of existing actre {) Change in use of building. ‘The series of manuals and guidelines are the outcome of four yer long experience of CNCRP project. ‘The engineers of PWD with tecnica assistance ofthe JICA experts trained to ado the Japanese rei. technology to loal construction conditions and practices. Selsmicrevoftig sa specialized type of job “The professionals snd practicing engineers are requested to go through the manuals carefully and apply their engineering judgments before application. ‘The curent edition ofthe manuals and guidelines area modest begining, Extensve research on local conditions such a¢consirueton materials, wchniqus, and practices inthe light of local seismicity are necesary to upgrade the manuals. We, as professionals, believe that manuals are oa a gue routine and it is he expert who will have to take the fal decision about actual extent of work tobe done, We «expect feedback fom al quarters to enrich he future edition ofthe manuals. ‘The current Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) isnot included with any provision of seismic ‘evaluation and reofit design. Throughout the projet duration, the engineers of PWD stufid the standard, guidelines and technical manial for seismic evaation and revoiting dsign oF RC buildings jn Japan, The eppoach isa litle unconvessona in Bangladesh As judgment is very important in assessing vulnerability ofa building, the Japanese method gives emphasis on critealcbservations and hand calculations. Thee are many factors and assumption to be taken based ca local construction ‘ireumstances. This “Manual for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Corsrete Buildings” has been prepared to supplement the English version ofthe original Japanese Stands, Guidelines and ‘Teetnical Manual tiled “Standard, Guidelines and Technical Manual fr Seismic Evaluation and Seismic Resrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 2001", published by The Japan Building Disaster Prevention Assocation (BDPA). We deeply acinowledge the Editorial Advisory Board consisting of respected menber fom Japan and Bngladesh for their valuable contribution. The authors from JICA expect team neds special mention for formulating the manuals. We also thank ll the CNCRP team members for thir hard. work which ‘eventually helped in publishing these manuals and guidelines. Finally want o tank the Goverment of Span an JICA fr thee whole heared support and cooperation inal phases ofthe 3rject CNCRP. Fngr. Ma. Kahir Ahmed Rhsiyan ‘Chief Engineer Pruble Works Department Dita, Bangladesh,PREFACE, Bangladesh is located in tctonically stv region cote tothe plate boundaries ofthe Indian plat and the Eurasian plat to its north and eat. Based on seismicity, Bangladesh is divided ito thee seismic zones, a8 pet Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC), 1993. The BNBC was adopted in 2006 under Building Construction Act, 1982. Most ofthe buildings consrted before adoption of BNBC 1993 is ‘ther non engineered or designed without considering seismic lead. The present construction senario is not very emcouaging citer. Under these cireumstanes large mumbers of buildings both public and private inthe urban areas neds structural assesment and reofiting if found vulnenble ‘The concept and pasice of Jepanese Standard of selsmie evaluation and Guidelines of rarofit design for ‘exiting RC buildings tas been studied and applied in Bangladesh through the PWD-JICA technical ‘cooperation projet CNCRP. ‘The Japanese Standard and Guidelines for Seismic Evaluation and Retoit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, prepared in 1977 bas been applied in many buldings in Japan succesflly. The Guideline was revised in 1990 and 2001, Following concise book of Standard and Guidelines ransated in English under one cover was published in 2001 Standard for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 2001 Guidetnes for Seismic Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 2001 and ‘Tehnlal Manual far Simic Evaluation and Simic Retrofit of Existing Reaforced Concrete ulings, 201 ‘Translated by: Building Research Insinte, Published by: The Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association (JBDPAY. ‘This English version 2001 coves the main portion ofthe Japanese Standard and Guidelines ols ‘This “Manual for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings has beon prepared to supplement the Japanese Standard and Guidelines mentioned above incorporating theses load of [BNBC. Fort hs been taken to incorporate the design and construction practices of Bangladesh in the ‘manual a5 much as possible, This manual willbe used together with the “Manual fr Seismic Refit Design of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings” prepared under CNCRP projet. Seismic retrofit in Japan hasbeen disseminated afer the Hyogo Ken Nanbu (Kobe) Earthquake 1995, together withthe act on promotion of Sesmie Reroiting of Existing Buildings. More tan 50,000 xisting pubic school buildings have been reofited as of 201 1s expected tat seismic performance of existing RC buildings will be improved through application of this Seismic Evaluation Manual and the bulding damage isk in Bangladesh wl be mitigated. Yoruke Nakajima Member JICA Bypert Team, CNCRPAuthors: Lead Author Assointe Authors ‘Balto Advisory Board: “Pef Dr, Jmiur Rera Choudhury Profesor Shunuke Otani Profesor Toshimi Kabeyasova, Engr. A.H.M@. Matar Rahman De. M.Shamim 2. Bosunia, PEag Dr. feb Anam Dr. AEM Saiful Ania ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ‘Yosuke Nakajima, JICA Exper ‘Mal Rafiq Im, Feective Feiner, PWD Design Division 3, Dhaka. (Mal Emad! Fg, Sub divisional Engineer, PWD Design Division, Dhaka. \Viee Chancellor, Jniversty of Asia Pacific — Chairman Professor Emeris, University of Tokyo ~ Co-chirman Earthquake Reseach Instite, University of Tokyo - Member ‘Additional Chit =ngineer (Retd), PWD -Member Profesor (Retized), Bangladesh University of Enginering and ‘Technolgy, Dhaka Member Professor, Univerity of Asia Pacife-Member Profesor, Bangladesh University of Engineering and ‘Technology, Diska Member‘CONTENTS FOREWORD, pi PREFACE, pit ACKNOWLEDGEMENT, p.¥ CONTENTS, pit CHAPTER Genera 1.1 General Principal, p. 1 LLL Seismic Index of Non Strctral Elements fy 3 1.2. Scopeot Application, p.3 1.2. Element that Constitute a Building p. 3 122 TypeotStuctre,p.3 123 Number of Saris, .4 126 Concrete Strength p. 4 125° Others 5 1.3. Suggested Modifstion of Japanese Standard for Bangladsh p. 5 18 Definitions, p. 10 1S Notations, p13 ‘CHAPTER? ‘Bulldicg Inspection 21 General p17 2.2 Recommendation for Applicaton. 18 23 Preliminary Inspection, p18 24 Detailed inspect, p23 241 Comparison of the Curent Stats withthe Design Drawings, p. 23 242. Cose-Seional Dimensions fr Calculation of Strengths of Socal Member, p.23 243 Crackngia Concrete and Deformations of Sucre fr Evaluation of Tine Inde, . 24 244 RuildingConignration for Fusion af tergnlaity Ier, 95 245 _Inspectcn of Ground and Geographical Features ofthe ite, p. 26 25 Material Inspection, p27 25.1. Concrete Material Iespeson, 27 25.11 The Compresive Strength Tet of Concrete with Concrete Core Sampling, . 28 25.12 Stengt Test Conducted by Using the Seid Hammer, p31 25.13 ConcrtsCarbnation Despoess Text, 32 252. Inspecton of Reinforcing Bars, p.33 252.1 Swengt ofthe Reinforcing Bas. 33, 252.2 Rast onthe Reinforcing Bars, p. 33 253 Braunton of the Conerete Compressive Strength, p34 234 Brat of Reinforcing Bar Vel Strength Based on the Inspection. 34 2.6 Inspection of Buldings on the Basis of Availability of Design Drawing, p35 ‘CHAPTER 3 ‘Selamie Index of Structure J, 3.L Genera, p39 32. Screening Procedures, p. 39 3.3. Recommendation for Application, p- 34 Basie Seismic Index of Structure En. 42341 Calculation of yp. «2 342. Steg index C, p46 34.21 Rosummenéaton for Application of Strength Index, . 47 343. Duciity Index Fp. 49 ‘343.1 Bas Principles in Caution of Duty Index F 49. 3.4.32 Addtionl Provisions for Maximum Deflection Ange . 52 3433 Upper Limit ofthe Drift Angle of Flexural Columns Rau, p56 3.44 Exanple of Calelation of Cokumn Stength p. 58 34441 Description of Bulding, p. $8 3.6.4.2 Callan of Gravity Lond, p58 3.443 Callan of Member Steagh,p. 61 34.44 Callation of Colum Duciliy Index Fp. 6 3.4.4.5 Cakalation of the Effective Strength Factor, p. 67 34.46 TheStrength Inde, p. 69 35 negulaity Index So. 75 35.1 Gaver p75 35.2 Item tobe Considered p. 75 353 Recommendation for Application, p. 75 354 Caleltion Procedure, p. 76 355 Example of Caleulton of Stifoes/Mass Ratio of above and below Stores, econristy and Spade, p77 26 Time index Fp. 88, 361 Gemsl p88 3.62. Recommendation for Application, p. 88 CHAPTER 4 Seksmic Satety Basi Principles, p95 42 Recommendation for Appistion, p.9S 42.1 Relationship between BNBC 2015 and a7 9S 43 Seimic Demand Index p97 43.1 Seismic Demand Index of Structure Ip. 97 43.2 Example p. 106 433 Seismic Zone Coeticin ,p. 108, 43.4 Seuctre Importance Factor Lp. 109 435 Nomulizod Acceleration Response Spectrum Cp. 110 436 Site Classification, p11 43.7 Cumulative Suength Index at The Uimate Deformation ef Structure Chup. 111 ‘Supplement 1: Propored Seismic Demand Index of Structare Jy. 113, ‘Supplement 2: Proposed Ductilty Index F Related to Axal Foree Ratio. 131 Supplement 3: Flexural Strength of Colamas by Simplified Caleulaton, p 135 Supplement 4: Formula for Ubimate Shear Strength of Column Used for Selsmic Eval apanp. 139 ‘Supplement S: Shear Strength of Beam Column Joint, p19 ‘Supplement 6: Upper Limit of Drift Ange ofthe Pexural Colum, nay Tensile Reinforcement Ratio Py p 159‘Supplement 7: Report on Seismic Evaluation of ‘Supplement sample Building, p. 165 Report on Preparation of As-Built Drawings (A Sample Report). 177 ‘Supplement 9: Evaluation Example, p. 201 Index of Figures, p.257 Index of Tables, p. 261 References, p- 263CHAPTER 1, GENERAIL. LA GENERAL PRINCIPAL 4) Composition ofthe Manual “This manual shal! be used for seismic evaluation of existing Relnorced Concrete (RC) bugs. The ‘manual has been prepared to suplement the fllowing Japanese Standard (encefoth known 35 J Standard, incorporating the characteristics of RC buildings in Bangladesh and seismic design load of Bangiadesh National Building Code (henceforth known as BNBC), This mana! martes the evaluation methods and ther explanations according to the Japanese Standard with examples using few actual ‘bldings in Bangladesh BNBC doe: nat cover the structural evaluation of existing RC buildings “Standard for Seismic Evalation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buldigs, 2001 and Technical Manual for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bulldngs, 2001" translated tx English and published by Japanese Building Disaster Prevention Assocation 2) Fundamental Principal ‘The J. Standard explains seismic evaluation of existing reinforced concrete buildings. The ses valuation is based on: () Ste ingpecton and (i) Structural calculation. These two observations together spresats theses penance ofa baling ine uf csi len suc al ee en, of nonstructural elements The overall safety ofthe building stall be judged based on sandard for {judgment on seismic say wheria seismic performance demands are stated,Chaps 1. General Flow chart fr seismic evahatin i given in Figure 1.1. Relevant section of the J. standard and this pplication manual is given besides ech step of flow char. Figure 1.1 Standard Procedure for Seismic Evaluation ‘The application manuals prepared based on the low chat ofthe semi evaluation. In this aplication ‘manual standard procedure for seismic evaluation is explained sep by stp by an example of existing ‘building Example of another bulding is provided in Supplement No i concise from.(Chapter 1. General 111 Selsmi Index of Non Structural Elements Iy Evahution of the nonstrucnwal elements one af he most iportat factors fr the safety evaluation, But ‘his manual gives higher priority to the evaltaton ofthe seismic capac of structure J In a RC frame tseveture varie (ypee of materiale and claddings are weed ae infill aod parton walle inelading ‘ueinfrced brick masony. During an earthquake these non-structural elements may cause problem This ‘manual doesnot cover detail procedure to cleat stsmic index of non-tractual elements Therefore, its recommended to further study the evaluation method of non srctral elements and to inchae inthe: sismie evaluation ofthe buildings in future. For the presen, it 6 recommended to see the J. standard (Chapter 4. Seismic Index of Nonstrectural Elements Jp) or the BNBC2015 (25.15 Nonstructural ‘components. 1.2 SCOPE OF APPLICATION ‘Elements that constitute a bullding ‘Main structural members shall be considered as a component of the seismic evaluation, Non structural ‘members are out of cope of this mans 2) Type of structure Reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure is covered inthis manual Flt plate sab) RC strucaeis out of spe in pincipe. Brick masonry building i lo ou of seope andi not covered in his manu 3) Number of stores ‘Mid to low-ise buildings with 6 stores and les recovered generally, Buildings higher than 6 stores shall be considered with special tention “a concrete renga Buildings with concrete strength not les han®ON/muare covered. )Others ‘his manual snot applicable fr the significantly deteriorated buildings and the buildings with special steve 1.2.1 Elements that Constitute a Balding ‘The mama work only with he main srctural elements excluding the non tuchral elements. Baialy, ‘he seismic evaluation foe buildings ae complete with the seismic evaluations of on-structural elements rach as fcadeeloments, Srishing clement, bil wal, and machinory of bling servis. Ino of [Non-strctral lements remains a he subject of fate study 1.22 Type ofStructure This manual coves the seismic evaluation of existing RC fume stroctre with in-filed brick walls mainly. (ther sractaes such a ete sructre and brick masonry rustre ae ot covered by this manual,Chaptr |. General A. Flat plate (sab structare Most of the RC fat plate (slab) buildings in Bangladesh are without RC shear walls. There are vulnerable structs, sine horizontal stiffness and strength slow, Proper layout of seismic loa eit elements in plan andi elevation sal be considered st floor slabs shal be evaluate to transfer seismic oad, Seismic acessent offi plate structure is ou of sope ofthis man in principle 'B. Building with partial Noor beams and as well as without grade beams ‘There are many RC buildings wih partial floor beams and as well as without gre beams, Horizontal strength ofa columa without beams at batt wil be siost zero if foundation size is sal, Herzonsl load carying capocity ofa building sall be reduced considering this condition. In care of buildings without grade bes, it required to evahinte effective cokimn height at ground lor and connection condition to foundation foosings forthe evaluation of column strength. 1.2.3 Number of Stories ‘The orginal version of the Jaganase Technical Manual bas been developed and applied for many Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings. Applicable limit of number of storey i 6 stores generally. This condition will cover majority of exising RC buildings in Bangladesh, In case of higher stored buildings, the fleur behavior of columns will ebinge. This manual may be allowed to apply for evaluation of higher stocy buildings by incorporating the change of axial force of columns by seismic load. 1.24 Concrete Strength Brick chipe agrepate have hewn used for concrete work of many existing RC buildings in Dhaka, The covert tenga wth brick chips is low, and it has been observed that actual concrete stength of Some of te buildings are less than LON, according to the result of concrete core sampling test. Concrete strength with not mor than 13Ninen'is defined as low stength concrete. Low strength eoerete i nt covered by the "Japanese Seismic Evaluation Standard and Revoit Design Guideline" generally. However there is “A report by the special research commits for low strength concrete” issed bythe Chugoks ‘branch of Japan Cone Institut in February 2009. This special report coves lw strength concrete upto 9.0N/mm?. i required to provide reduction coafcan for low strength conrots to evant hear strength of columns. Buildings wih low strength concrete less thanONima® are otf cope ofthis manual Ie wil be required to evant separately in dei for buildings with concrete strength less than 9 0N mm.Cle 1. Gow 125 Others “The apliability ofthis evaluation method needs o be examined forthe flowing types of buildings. A bilding with significant efferent setleent and structural craks A building with racks ling of concrete slab te. as a result of fe incidence. A ulding becoming decrepit in SO years or mae afer its construction “Tho epplinblity of thie Manca to euch buildnge shall be carflly amined because it may be ‘inappropriate to evaluat the seismic capacity base onthe seismic inde. Corrosion of reinfering bain lab ‘Diagonal cack i eek wal ave ‘feet seslement Figure 1.2.1 Example of Deterioration of Building Elements Inappropriate for Seismic Evaluation Spaling of sao concrete de 1 fire disaster 1.3 SUGGESTED MODIFICATION OF JAPANESE STANDARD FOR BANGLADESH "The Summary of modifications of Tapanese Standard (Guidelines for is aplzation to Banglades shown in Table 1.3.1 a ‘Modifications of Japanese standard forts application in Bangladesh are summarize in Table 3.1, wih respect o A: General, B: Duct inde, C: Strength index, D: Inga index and F: thes. tis noted that proposed mumercal values have been considered based on the preset best knowledge, but are tentative values and it will need fuer rescarchlexperiment forthe veifeation’ medication in Bangladesh,(Chapter |. General ‘Table 13.1 Suggested Modifications of Japanese Standar for ts Applicaton in Bangladesh Japan| Banged "The Sd fr Seis Evahntion of Exiting KC ‘Simic vation Mana of Exning KC Balle (ence) ‘Tis modified “Eneray cote inci eat ‘Buildings of Existing KC Buildings mou ‘ane a Teal Recommend” 2 lewot |, Pande seen | MPa oe remy med Poe creaag fmm, | nebo ?leveismanyoed.| mand apa whch ahead ace Seng at el oveng nt ed pment) 5 Essig | Min stags wade Many Ballings we ilving BND, ch Saldngs” | edogtewstcmmacin,” trate mma n 086 Del bling cae Sragh cfomewecoe=) | tied ‘veges devatn!2, | Stnghof sone ce) {Dt dancer ea | Coe segh gee lover tan at of nde nd ‘tragedy 033 youd ‘itm SO nen Gung ef AC? “Apiets | Cnse nrg Fe stir | Cone seg Fee ON Cmte | 135Nie Gti sto | Rtae ce ie rola ser phn Soe | cae) seofsueade sgh ove aa 18M | 5. See Were? dex of Ex tthecne 04,F=10 | eset shear reifrement of soem by BNBC, sanciy | column ie itera 100mm, | 2-10 10am alo Par einrcerent Licsime | yb DF)>05,F=10 | o)2 02% svalorce | y(sD#) Zosisappicatie | 04 1 and Low seh conseit rebar nto [fora =1o%i0% (aire | W/OD) F= 10 opine) Tana ie | oa) = iso (Wo canas) (hep) feewaboe (4129) | seals Rater consideration reed to. BNIC. Requiem fd = 6 shown fr Special manent fame of ACI 1.5cearspan [Ratt Row No conc sundng wal Balaton of bik waning adésnth [fork D290 (A121, | wall see ec tem(Chapter 1. General Taker sa (Shea fie) cause by standing sll and actly inde, Braue Doin ‘rsidering shor clue eased by RC sanding wal Sher ile clue, F= 1.0 (1250) Exrenely tie orn, P= 08 ws00) (Or provide suc itn RC standing wal pevent ot ‘els. TF ar iar of hort on deo ick ending ‘ml has et ee ste, wpe it of column F, ‘Ordinary concrete, F= 1.5 (ai of sxe delion ange, 1/124) ~1.75 (1100) Low strength concrete (F< 13 SNe) = 127 ewisoy= 15 (128) ae ha ser eaoement oP, fot ast ‘than 02%, thu of alr F of above iw (According srctral tet by CNCRP in 2012982013, ‘shor clue de toi standing wal will cae sha ule at ste defection angle of 1/10 and mote sent incase of ow strength concrete Supgsed F ‘ales igh overestimae inerpning the erst arent nese uso bck sanding wall) 3 Bem ‘els Joist and Dect dex F Nowa rapirene Wes sey re of damage of team ‘lua jas very ere sace ‘oun sie elatvey bg) Tf no satya een onfimed forth em cola ‘Ordinary coneret, max. F=1.75 (am of try ‘election sgl, R= 1100) Lew strength concrete, mas, F=1.5 (1/120 (Acerdingto wl ean, her are ec at bea ‘elu jot, cate of low strength coer, Ca the ‘ber ban, ii id that hr flr of beam en joint ona 1100 fetta defection angle pray.) ors coin nd Deel Index. Redon of Diy dex of ‘elu, F compare with 135 eer hk Saget Redusion of Docity index ofcolumn, Feompred with 135 degre hook s sed. Proposed ae iden ist reduce shear freemen rato f0"050P. in cae 190, ‘eqee bok (Chap 42) ‘C Sirengih index Crelaed msdfenton™) (Chaps A) Faia ‘manta ond low sree No sect equrement TRisusd to rloce 2% of fen sregh of lamin tentatively incase ofl strength once of which ted sretis low 2 Short anche length of tea nnn barat exter ‘elon ‘No speci aguas ‘ameristar ata exter | supposed itis used to reduce 2% and mae 30% (at tha depth column such as 250mm) of flexural eng ofthe column by 2 level seting Simi emdton of FoF Bainappti‘Ds Irepulariy dex Sri wedfcationtCap33) TFs Goh] Eaton of Pia Gof ary) | Evaluation of Pil oR ary elaed bic walls sey) rented RC wall isrequrel | required ‘tere 1-Aim ofaerey [Experineat aabis in Japan, | No change. econ angle | storey detection angle styilé of | Renu f exprinent by CNCRE on 2012 and201 is stand enurs, approx. 1/150 Unie detesion ane of RC Shear all. pect. 1250, 11500 | Uimate defection angle of cexremely ite column, approx. Shown blow fr information. (Reto, SuplementA2) ‘Storey defection angle ld of andar clan, sox 100, ‘trey elton angle t mae sengh with igh ais Tore ratio ow sen cosret) apa 1/100 ‘Storey deletion angle a sbear ile of RC val, ype 1200 Storey defection angle of max. srengh of se! famed ‘race, aprox. 17200 orhrasumulton of alate Sai eed, ‘Note: ACI437R-03 (Sena Evalintion of Existing Concrete Bldgs). the See 8.11 ‘ACT S18R-14 (Commentary on Bulling Code Reuitemens fr Suc Coees) ACI2144R.03 (Gui fr Obtaining Core nd ntereing Cmpresion tng Resi (©) denotes numerical vaues shown ae texatve verification modification in Bangladesh, suggestion and needs tuber researehvesperient forChap |. Gene 14 DEFINITIONS (1) Indices for seismic performance of buildings SEISMIC INDEX OF STRUCTURE Js: An index representing the seismic performance of structure SEISMIC INDEX OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS Jy: An index representing the seismic performance of non-structural elements, such as exterior walls ‘SCREENING LEVEL : The degre of simplification in calculating the indices I and I. Tree sercening level are provid from the fis, smple level othe tir, detailed level fSreening. (2) Sab indices fo calculation of seismic index of structure [BASIC SEISMIC INDEX OF STRUCTURE £,: An index representing the basi seismic pecformance ofa building, crusted s a functn of the strength index C, the ductility index F, andthe storey shear ‘modiieton factor. STOREY-SHEAR MODIFICATION FACTOR: A ctor normalizing the strength index C of upper lorie being equivalent tothe bas: shear couficient in consideration ofthe storey level and the lateral cartbquae force dsibuton. (CUMULATIVE STRENGTH INDEX C;: Stength index sccunlated forthe members instore in relation othe storey drift angle (uctility index) accountng forthe compatiity ofthe members and ‘modified by the stocy-shear modifleation fico. ‘STRENGTH INDEX C: The later suength or the atera-load carving capacity ofa member ora storey ‘in term of shear of coefficient, arly the shear normalize bythe weight ofthe building sutaned bythe storey. DUCTILITY INDEX F: An index representing the deformation capacity of structural member. IRREGULARITY INDEX Sp : An indet modifying the basi stsmic index of structure E, in consideration of unbalance in stitiess distribution andor irepuariy in structural plan and elevation of ui ‘TIME INDEX 7: An index modifying the basic seismic index of structure, in consideration of aging of building. MATERIAL STRENGTH: Comoressve stengh of concrete and yield strength of reinforcing bar that se used to ealeulate the Mexural ad shear ultimate strengths of structural member. ULTIMATE DEFORMATION: Limit deformation within which later stength adits axial load ding an eartuake stably. trues member can cary its DUCTILITY FACTOR: Ratio ofthe deformation capacity tothe ye deformation GROUPING: The action of collecting structural members with similar ductility indices and arranging them asa member group, for whic the um of strength indices ofthe group members i fined as the ‘soup strength inde. woChapter |. General EFFECTING STRENGTH FACTOR a: Ratio of the lntera resistance ofa member at catia level of storey deformation tothe cleulated later strength based onthe compatibility. COLUMN: A vertical membe with inflecon point in its deformable portion, There are eolumss ‘with without wing walls and short columa. COLUMN WITH WING WALL: A vatcal member consisting of column and wing wall) atached ‘to monoihcally, whichis regarded as column. WALL WITH A (ONE) COLUMN (wing wall witha column, wall with one boundary column): A vertial member consisting of ecu and wing wall) tached o monolihically, except fra wall with ‘wo boundary columns. EXTREMELY SHORT COLUMN: A column with AD (cleat height vided by depth) loss than 2 COLUMNS CLEAR HEIGHT standing wall and hanging walls, he height ofthe deformable portion ina column without beams, [EXTREMELY BRITTLE COLUMN: An extremely shoe column whose shea flare precedes xual yielding FLEXURAL COLUMN: A column whose flexural yielding precedes shar flue, SHEAR COLUMN: A column whose shea file precedes exurlyeding, COLUMN GOVERNED BY SHEAR BEAM (shear beam-governed column): A column seismic performance of which s wovered by beams whose sear failure precedes feral yielding. WALL: A vertical member other than columns, categorized int walls with two boundary columns, and wall without columns. WALL WITH (TWO) BOUNDARY COLUMNS: A wall with bountary columns at both sides, Snchading hot sequential in mul spans WALL WITHOUT (BOUNDARY) COLUMNS: A wall without colums, including those located outside frames, FLEXURAL WALL: A wall whose flexural yielding precedes shear fre. SHEAR WALL: A wall whore shear fire precedes flexural yielding. FRAME WITH SOFT STOREY: A system filled with multi-storey shear walls excopt for ne o few ris, inluding so-called plots fame ‘SOFT STOREY COLUMN (COLUMN SUPPORTING THE WALL ABOVE): A column loested in ame with som story dry under wal. See the translators’ note 2 ‘SECOND-CLASS PRIME ELEMENT: Column o wall element, los of whoe lateral sistance i ot fatal, but los of gravity load carrying capacity leads to collapse ofthe structure, eventhough accountng for redistribution to neighborhood elements. Se the translates note 3 n‘Chapter. General ULTIMATE STATE OF STRUCTURE (Or STOREY): A statin ters of inter-storey deformation or ductility index at overall x pata collapse ofthe stature, defined by the las of he gravity load carrying capacity leading to vertical eallapse or the lateral strength decay lading to unstable lateral response (6) Indices for judgment on seem safety of buildings SEISMIC DEMAND INDEX OF STRUCTURE Jp: The standard love ofthe setmic index rized {oa building tobe safe again the earthquake hazard on the site ofthe building defined a a proictofE, 2 Gand U. BASIC SEISMIC DEMAND INDEX OF STRUCTURE By A sub-ndex representing the bas scsi omand for a biling. ‘ZONE INDEX Z: A sub-index accounting forthe expected seismic activites and seismic intense. GROUND INDEX G: A subindex accounting forthe effects of si profiles, geological condtons and soil-andsrvture interactions, USAGE INDEX U: A sub-inkes accounting forthe use of bilsng ULTIMATE CUMULATIVE STRENGTH INDEX Cr: The cumulative strength index erated at the ultimate sate fa bling or storey. 12Chapter 1. General 15 NOTATION ‘This notations stated in he J. Standard Page Not A. Total erssctonl rx olumas (mania the storey concerted, where seas af 1-16 oundary alu inthe wal with ane 9 boundary colunes sal bgt a slit, Tot ron ecto! res of reinforcing bas). on Cos sctiool en of sir of the later eircement in shea all 1st ‘erica dsibion shape fate ss oe. nas Toa rose-setooa eof exrenely abr clunas inte trey concer mi), 1-16 ‘Toa ros setonl res of tensile enforcing ars inclu an) B Cros sectional en of tensile reinforcing bars ofthe boundary ealun hs tension 1-50 side of wall. 1st Crom scion! en of ten reinforcing basin he ea (a), 157 1, :Cios seas wen of enseenfrcing tren he bea in cae tat he pari eltis 1-58 ‘a compesson ie es) Noie Some equations use, These meaning are diferent respectively. Fag, Tol veri enfring ba nthe seawall oe?) 130 “Amr: Tol crossecnal en of vals wit wo boundary eslurasin he eyand LIS Xv the Seton concerned (i) Any Total rssattona are of walls wth oe boundary cluna inthe trey sndlfive 116 tothe direction nce Ams: Toal cross-sectional wea of wal witout columns inte soreyandefetvetothe 116 ore snsemed (ne). EA :Sumofersseonal eas of column and wing wal and wal (a) 1.515556 ‘> ‘Column and Bem width (om, 14439 ‘b :Eguvlent tines fhe wal), 1st 2, Baum width of he equal resanglar shape beam. (cn). 160 1A, ‘Ductity index the beam on tele and thigh ies of he node clued 1-24 according ode item). ‘AF Conibeton othe boundary beam the overturning manent reistane ofthe walat 1-25 tele of sy concer Mg Nodal moment theultimate zenghsof te beams onthe andere desc the 1.24 oe, 14: Sear seegth of be beam 12s Qn: Shear cea de Derr fire ofthe beam, cosieing te eet ofthe ha ace 124 veo avila G+ Bate her coolest tan 1.0, 1s CG, Stengin index Co tft group (vith small inde). Le CG, Seng dex Cote second rou (ih mean F inde) oa CG, Seng inex Cote hed roup (ith ae inden). 1 Ce: Seng index of te columns xcept forthe extemal sho clus. 110 One: Svat cea Be timate eral rength of the clu. vasang3 ‘Ga Utinae sear srengh ofthe ealumn. rasang3 ‘Boy: Sard ert mpl ofthe clu (measured inthe clea beight of clams) 30. 1-45 ‘Page na of fpnes “Standard Seismic Bvauton of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buings 2001” "Te lepn Bulli Dae Prevention Asoeitin 13Chapter 1 Genera fn Bin ae fer oe fe Ge Ce Cr De > 4 a fe m Fe 6 be & es Mh k i L Sunde di angle ofthe column measured i thee eight af cluma} 180, Sunda di ange the clu (measured i the clear eight clue), 1150. Sanda rif ange ofthe column (messed in he lear eight foun, 1250 Phas ei angle of the sur (ensured i the cle bight eels). Drilangl athe nate Nera seength of cluna (measured in the cle high of elu) Yield i ange of column (eased in cle height of xu Sirngh inde ofthe extremely short colar ‘Cumulav stengh inde at te ukinte defamation of srucue Strength inde ofthe walls Eective srengh factor of he column. Compressive svn athe oatete sent Stering nit srs a he lerral sent of ota, Shearing uit ses at he limate sat of clumns, Cola nd Bear depth, Cola dep. Deformity and damping fst of sce, active depth of colun an am. Diameter ofthe Nex etecag bar of he alum. Distance om the cent of he teil entering bars ote exe er of the wing ‘sandinghargng wall inthe compresve ie (rn). ‘Slape fcr otk te efecto vera ser nlc and ecicy omc. 1-75 Comresive emgh of emcrte (Ne which maybe akeas he peiSed dean 1-16 concrete engl “a acti index ofthe extremely shot clu 0 ‘Duct index ofthe wall 0 Grau index 19 Srey helo, 12. Cle eight ofa, 19213 und height of th column fom he bom ofthe ype oer beam the sutice of 1-21.88 the lowe for sb 50 250 saring baveen about Sand 20m, vada tyati terl wih > } (@)Cositions ofthe geographical features ‘The conditions ofthe geographical fextures eg, fat erin, sloping land et. eet be indicated. Ihe sit investigations port it unavailable, investigation tobe condcte find out the sil properties accord voneeds, 262.5 MATERIAL INSPRCTION [ Tie Macdlinspanion shoud We condced on he lowing inesigaion ems | €) Seog and Young's modus of covert (2) Arangemans, denon and yield steags of ering bas (6) Maral songs considering cxbonsin aging of con and ust fein bas “The material inspection should be conducted to collect serual data at petentncluding the concrete strength, the yield stength of reinforcing bar, shape and spacing of tee. By onsite inspection for accuracy of evaluations. At the same time, he inspection results provide useful data fo future retrofiting design ifrequied. Damaged potion sal be repaied afr survey work. e om . t oH TESTLEGENT | CC=CORE CUTING (As CSaCoLUN STREPIS IB Rx=ReBOUNOHUAMER AL -20RE HOLELOCATIN Figure 25.1 Building Plan Showing Investigation Locations. 25.1 Concrete Matera Inspection se INVESTIGATION LOCATIONS ‘Many binge wer but wid rc our, wich wed cused rick e course ggepte, Chances of the contete may vary widely Also ps dw terest arent avaabe ia mary eases Sa, nspetion of ences | necessary forthe seis evalu. aCages 2. Bling lye 2.5.1.1 The Compressive Strength Test of Concrete with Concrete CreSamping Even ithe concrete strength s shown inthe design drawings, iis neces to conduc the compression, ‘es by sampling the coe ofthe tage uiling to check the strength. In this case tree or mote conerte cores rust be sampled teach flor ofthe building. he resul of compressive strength est is lower than the specified design strength the est rest shall be sed forthe clelation ofthe seismic evaluation. Generally as per constuction practice in Bangladesh, coneret seas in tree segments n ean or, 2 sepments in column snd sab-beam as one segment, “Moreover tere is thin kicker atthe botom of each column. Aso, widely varied stength of concrete in «ach batch s found since the concrete soften prepared atthe site. Heal i is recommended to collect ‘more than’ cores fom each batch ofeach oor casing during constuction period. Concrete eats shall be collected from the columns, walls if ay, and lors. ‘t:collecting location of concrete core Figure 2.5.2 Sequence of Conerete Casting in Segments, Pratied in Banglades) Special attention must be paid when colletng cars fom the column onthe lower oor, which bess the high axa force, since the strength ofthe concrete, is expected tobe low. Isao acceptable to calle concrete cores fom atleast tvee diferent places, and conduct the compression tes sing te Schmit Hamner to make up forthe shortage. 28Caper 2. Building spection In this cas itis resommended to condt core compression tests if rerotiting dosign i to be cried out after seismic evaluation. The deal of sampling methods i shown below «Core samples to be collected fom columa, beam, sab and shea wal + One or more concrete cores must be sampled at each floor which represents each prt of segment daring casing Thecore dimersons shouldbe preferably 10cm (meter) «20m (height). Inno case the height to be Tes than 103m Minimum $0 mm core diameter in general. (Ref, ACI 214.4R.03) + Test samples shall not inode any reinercing-bars or eracks, ~The compression test rms be condicted in csordance with ASTM C-42. The strength of ested value divided by 0.85 may be used (Ref ACL 437) “The concrete compressive steagth esti conducted by reliable insittion or borry. The concrete compressive sength is fgured ou by assuming the value obtained by subtracting» hall ofthe standard approximately 06) under the significant effec ofthe lowstrength sconcet, if building deforms a'a result ofan earthquake, t wil key collapse becsuee the columns ‘canot support the vertical lad. In applying this evaluation method, what reins unclear ithe effect of ‘the problems a shown below on the strength and deformability that are directly relevant withthe seismic performance of buildings. Due consideration neds te vent this pont. Consideration shoul also be -zives tothe lowsrength conere resulting fom the extremely por eonsiretion quality. However, ii ‘iful to propery evaiate have problem in the preset ston, Evaluation Ga is conseva ve He ‘he tcc point of view is recommended inthis manual forthe ses, which ae eiffel to evaluate corel at his point a(Chapter 3, Seismic Index of Sucre 7 p kt i ey Pee Nandece Sat 7 Sse ae Eeeagameste PIE] emma TE] mentor wats oa reread = a a Or 5S a M-dag hoot te] : 5 Nojointsheae ‘ircament ine jons__ Retro int aren igure 13.1 Temes to he Considered for Selsmie Evaluation of Exiting Buldlngs| 4 BASIC SEISMIC INDEX OF STRUCTURE Ex 34.1 Caeutation of Ey “The basic stismic index of suuctue Bs necessary fo evaluate the basic seismic performance ofthe Dulidng fi ealeulated for each sey and each najrdietion considering the ultimtestrength, faire mode and ductility ofthe building. The base seismic sndex of stu E of the 2h soey ina storey Dulldng i piven as a product ofthe strength index C defined in 3.22 (of. Standard) and the dueiity index F defined n 3.23 (of J. Sandard). In addition, the korey-shese modification fctor, which i -expressedas (#1) (arf in Equaton (4) and (5) of. Standard ay be changed accounting for he tera ‘artquake fre distribution alongthe building height. Second level sreening procedare “The vertical stctural members shal be classified into five categories a listed in Table 3.41 i the second level srening procedure, where the basic seismic index of srucueF, hl be calculated based onthe Aeiled evaluation ofthe strength index C and the ductility index F. The suengt index Cand the ductility index F shall be evaluated in accorance with the provisions in 32.2 and 3.2; respectively of, Sanda “The effective strength factor sed to conser the difference in sifuess of vrizal members during alealaton of stength index Ct acer level of deflection of the structure. The efetve strength ctr 2 may be taken as given in Tele 34.1 ‘The basic sesmic index of struct E, shall be taken a the liege one from Equations (4) and () of. Standard. Here, the index , shall e evaluated within the itatin ofthe minimum duct index ofthe second-las prime elements (Se the translates note 3 of J. Standard) defined in the item (4) of J. Standard in case the storey consist ofthese elements, a(Chapter 3, Scismic Index of Sct ‘able S441 Ciashiticavon of Vertical Members Hased on Fallre Modes inthe Second Level Screening Procedure Veriedimente [| Defoe [Sherwa ‘als woe ser ire presse exw ying Flex wal Walls whose fenral ying pen hes ‘Sea cn urns whose sew ile recede ex yding oer rely re Fla cla [columns whose Rel yielding rele shear ee Columns whose AD re equal wo o sealer an 2 nd shar ile prose eral yielding ‘Exemel brite column (@) Ductty-dominant basi seismic index of structure (Equation 4 of, Standard. For the calculation of F, by Equation (4), vetial members shall be classified by their dutty indices F Ito thee groups o less defined asthe fst, th second, andthe thie roupin order of th smaller value of ‘he desir indies. The index Fof the Ft group sal be taken as large thn 1.0 andthe index: ofthe thi group shal be less than the ductility index corresponding to the ulinate deformation ofthe storey ven inthe item (4 of J Standard Any grouping of members may be adopted so that the index, would be evaluated a5 maximum. The minimom doctiity index of the vertial members shouldbe wed in each rou. Byatt EE BS (@) of. Standard Woe ncrFr EnCoFs EOF, (Crm The stzength index C ofthe fist group (vith sal nde), G.="The strength index C ofthe second group (with medium F index) [Cy The suengh index C ofthe hid group (ith large Find) ‘Fv The dutty index F ofthe Fst group. -Fy= The deity index ofthe second group. -Fy= The ductility index F ofthe hed group. (© Strengt-dominant basi semi ndex of structure (Equation SJ. Standard). Forte alton of Eby Exton 5) he city inde ofthe fet rap Fal sect as he comuive pit of reg nd he contrstin of tenth ines of oly the el members with larger city nis tn tht oft itera considered The nde Fo he et rp sal belo han hat oreronting othe uimatedforation of the stay given in hem (2) of Sadar nd may be seed tht th nox Fy Eaton (3) woul be eats anim The efletve Svegt ctr in the second a igh ops shoul be cles coming thee of yield Aeforaton an la bigs of vert members on th retatiosps betwen te sry sea fres tthe if anges. The vate ofa given in Tale 342 maybe used incase no special verso, The ini ftv seg orf the vert meters shoul be wsed in each op. £-ttt(qez4, <) A (©) of 1. Standard Wer: <4 ev sent ctor inthe th erp fe inate deformation siping he fest group iy inden oF) en nab 3.42 8(Chapter 3. Seismic inex of Structure / “able 3.42 (a) EMetive Strength Factor for 1" Group, Duct nde of group _[ F Deflesion age of goup | R. She (RR | ‘Shea (=) rn tivestengh Bete for [Flea (RRs) 08 second an ihe groups [Flexural sRey the Chugoku branch of Japan Concrete Insite in February 2008. This special report covers low strength concrete as low as®.O0Nim. It ‘recommends providing reduction coeticient, for low strength conrete to evalute shear suength of columns. In case of evaluating a building with the coneete stengh less than 13.SNinm, i i recommended 10 adopt he reduction actor WH te ower iat of IN? inorder to race the shear strength, (The lowe iit 9N mes) aChater 3. Seismic Index of Strocure J tio shar eg of eke sl be aie with eqn, 005981 +29) 9 On Wipaeoe telah ALI [Sugplementary Provisions | Column with Modified to consider low Strength Concrete} G10) Where 4: Reduction factr of low strength concrete (oh< 13 SN’) 1) Tensile reinforcement ratio) 12, Cros sectional re of shea enforcement {F_: Spacing of shear reinforcement Incas ei 90 degree hook; s=2s (Twice spacing length) (ens) 1%: Yield seg of sar reinfrcng hrs (Ninn): Axia streak Nine. 4 stv depth of colin. Doman may be pp. ‘Wo Shea spn length Del va ha Ae Car i ees Distne beeen ceoid of tension and conpresion Fores, deft au is 080. ‘tev f FQ en than nity or get tha he vie of M CQ) hl be uty or 3 repeciey in using Equation and ifthe at of is reste than SN, the value of 06 sal be Nain sing Eaton 244+ 005609 Pe: Shear enforcement tio, 012 for P,2 0.012. Py = As te low strength concrete with a plain bar (asa main bat) provides smaller bond strength, bonding becwzen a re-bar and concrete is decreased so thatthe strength of rebar becomes less than expected. As 2 resul the stength of members assumed to be lower than the evaluation equations. In tis cas, iis recommended to evaluate wi the reduced flexural strength of column (about 20% as) tobe safe. 6,(osn)= 0.80 fr ow-snerete eng ad pla far @)Stort anchor length of beam main-bar at external column Bean bas on the outer edge ofthe exiting buildings may bave small column width, o the main bar is insufccoly anchored éueto the inappropriate frm ofthe anchor. Incase of short anchor length of beam ‘mai barat an external column, it i suggested to reduce flexural strength of cok by 25%. (or clus of sal depth such as 250mm; 50a Mex steaghofthe clue) Ta case of at anor length of eam i ar tn exomal clus used role 25% 80 (sll ith cla uh 250) of lena enh of he aan by 2 (6) Redivetion factor of flexural strength of column @, For seismic evaluation of he buildings in Bangladesh, flexural strength of column shall be set Minimum reduton of lerural strength foreach factor is used for (1) an (2). preferable conduct an experiment, to daermine the reduction factors tobe used in calculating flexural strength of columns However, thee ‘ot areliable dra avallable otha we se the minimum value of reacion ctor abained from diferent influences sa flexural swength redaction factor ofa column 6<9 = mink (plan) (anchor) ‘6 (lan) 80 losconcrte-sengt and plate smanecsty ‘selanchory 1.75 fe nr depth column tae 0 al depth clue cha 8, 343 Ductilty Index F 34.3. Basie Picpls in Calelation of Duct Index ‘The city inde ofa vericl member sal be evaluated ia cosidration ofthe srening evel, ile mode nd member deeenstion capacity, and response to earthquakes, A standard value of duct dex shall be finds the dctility index of the sbear wall in which shear flare precedes ober fie mods. The dtlity indies ofthe other members shallbe deterred sa eltve vale tts sda vale. The dott index of the member shall be evaluated bythe methods specified a in the folowing tems (2) - (4) according tothe serening evel ad the dasilcaton bythe fire mode ofthe member (4s sown in Table 341), in ese 0 ‘peda investigatons Second Lovel Sereening Procedure The ducility incex ofa vertical member inthe second lve sreeing procedure sal be calculated as follows according to the clasifcation ofthe member lite in Table 34.1 Vertical members ae casi based onthe characteristic seismic damages observed in Japan. Therefore, it is required to seit wit he fle ofthe long column with high ail force taken ito consideration, before using this procedure. Other factors that may affect the seismic capacity shall be taken into consideration aswell to determine the ductility. A clear height of column with a standing wall of rick maybe estimate by disregarding the eet of the rick wal: however, inthe ase of the clear height hd < 20 when comsidering the standing wall of brick, the clear beight of the column will be evaluated considering the effet of the rick wal, Classification of vertical members indifferent flue modes used forthe second love seocning by J, standard Flexral column s the main failure mode of column of seismic evaluation fr buildings in Bangladesh. ‘Shear walls are ot actualy used fr any ofthe target buildings Clelatin formula of ctl factor Fat the column i es shown below, (@) Shear Walt “The dctiity index ofa shear wal should be defined as 1.0. (© Pesural Wat ‘The ductility index ofa flexural wall shouldbe calculated by Equation (13) based on the margin ofthe shear strength tothe shear force atthe Nenaral strength of the wal. su! #Om 1.0 then F= 1.0 (13) of. Standard WyQa xQe.=13 then P= 20 {linens of wall with column in item (9 (),F = 1.5) 111.045! xQme 13 then F shouldbe calculated by interpolation. Where ‘Qey~ Uninate shear strength ofthe wal, calculated by Equation (AZ, 1-2) in the supplementary proisions of, Stand Ono Shea force atthe exura strength ofthe wall, caleulted according tothe tem 3.22(2)(e)0F 1 Stantrd, 9Chapter 3, Seimie Index of Suture I. (Shear Column ‘The duty index oa sear colamn shouldbe calalatedby Equation (14) based on the storey dri angle atthe ultimate deformation capacity in shear failure ofthe column, Fetasorre=Bo (14) 0), Standard Where: ‘Ry Interstorey deformation angle a theultimate deformation capacity in shea ire ofthe column member Ign halen 83.0, sR ft O30 On {Supplemenary Provisions 1.2 Ukinste Deforation A121 of. Sana] Raa™ Rif 2:0ni20 4-03-07 a/R) {Supplementary Provisions 1.2 Ukimate Deformation Al 2-120. Standard) Where Qn: Ultimate shear strength of the column ‘Dov: Shua fore a he ulimatefenarl strength ofthe clu, a Effective stength factor ofthe column Roy + Yield iter-stoceydefoetion angle B= (lH) RR [Sapplementary Provision 13 Yield Deformation Flexural Columas AI 3-of J. Standard} ‘Boy: Yield deformation angle of column (measured in ler height of columa) (@ Flexural Column ‘The dict index of «Mensa cols should be clued by Equation (15) o (16) bse onthe interstorey ri angle at the uimate dermatin capac n lexral fale ofthe column, incase RR, FetovozAm— fas (13) of. Standard Otek 2R, Care Ts Go008eR) (16) of. Staard eld deformation in terms of ner strey drift angle, which in principle stall be taken as ‘Standard inter-torey dif angle (corresponding tothe ditty index ofa shear wall, Interstorey dif angle wt the wlimate deformation capacity in Nexual failure of the column member. slut by Equation (A121) inthe supplementary provision 1.2(1) of J. Standard *Stundad for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 2001. English version published by: The Japan Building Disaster Prevention Assocation, ull 1.0 aa Bay Rag Roa Where hy: Clear height of column 4, + Standard clear height of column fom bottom of th upper floor beam 0 tp ofthe lower floor stb. 50(Chapter 3. Seismic index of Susur J Roy: Yield deformation angle of colum (peasurdin clear height of cohimn) Row: Deformation anges te ultimate exuralsrength of coluna (resid in the clear eight of olua), ‘Bee: Psi deformation ange of eolums (measured inthe clear height of colum) +R: Standard deformation angle ofthe column (measured nthe cleat height of columu), R 1.30, Boyliya fo hjD 230 ‘Boyes fr hdD =2.0 fe st by interpolation for 2.0 “hdD= 3.0 Rap = 10D! Dms~ QR 0 | Where: gr 10 fees = 100mm Qu Utiate shear strength ofthe column, gL fee 100mm ‘Rev: Shear force at the limite flexural strength ofthe enn 3° paciag of es ‘The value oF Ry sal ot be erent than tha Of ga (Extremely brite column ‘The ductility index of an extremely brite column should be selected 808. (er storyit angio) = ans cm Bow z 10 at cere oa Srey ° oo 1 20 30 40, 30 a Ductility factor Figure 34.4 Relationship between Horizontal Force and Horizontal Displacement of RC Buildings 9 Column with wing wal) oF wall witha column, ‘The ductility index of column monoithiclly attached with one wing wall or with two wing walls ould be selected based on the following three groups according to the classification specified in the supplementary provsins3of J, Standard (Wall (Wall witha column) The index shallbeeaeulted according tothe items 3) ad (b, (i) Column with ing walks) ‘Th index shall be calculated as follows ‘n/He> 0.75 F= 1.8, Th index may be selected according tothe section (bin case xara yielding precedes sea fia: aChapter 3. Seismic Index of Sructure I, - ‘JH.20.15 : F~ 08, Te ndes may be selected a8 1.0 in ese Mexral yielding precedes shen allure Where: ‘n= Clea height ofthe column. {H.~ Standard height of he cola from the bttom of the upper oar bart the surface af the ower oor sab (i) Column ‘The index shal be caleulated according tothe above items (00, However, the ductility index shouldbe ealeulatd by reducing the plastic rift anle yt 5 times 8s sgsitid inthe Supplementary Provisions 2G) J. Standard, and should not exeed 1150, in case ofa flexural column with wing wal 4.432 Additional Provisions for Maximum Deflection Angle tis recommended to mifyand ad the items of evaluation of maximum angle based on the explanations in 33, which the difference of structural characterises beween buildings in Japan and Bangladesh ‘Consierng thse diferencesadaonal provision have bea described below. (High axial fore of colar ‘Columns ofthe building in Bangladesh have high axial lsd compare to th: ones in Japan, I is even higher ifthe concrete stcagth slower. Axial force ratio (WD-F) ofit ean besround 0.6. CNCRP carisd out an experiment to anderstad the deformation capacity of columas with high axil farce and low strength. Based onthe outcome of tat experiment andthe one conducted in Japan (Supplementary 2} The following parameters is recommended regarding the maximum deformation ofthe column,hap 9. Ses of Sic {nanny ona 13.5 m3) ‘strimmer tad Sat di fet Ia st for 09024 2058 TRS se for 054080 m= te (38) SS yes FOOISE Ie omeheese tanya (288) ig taco sn ieee fo foratercase ———— Se See oe ony" (i) te ore Fe Ine 230 B20 Seg ae Fn 9 080 STRTORS fot oan n> oo Bones A (Se)

2 In case hy/Dss2 Ji he ru = (Mur + Mya) /It ona = (Mur + Muse Figure 34.9 Relatonslp between Clear Height of Brick Wall and Column With(Chapee 3. Seimi nde of Stee spt in Dhaka Ses fire of short column ith ik walls ‘The source: Raporton the Damage Iesization of the 19 (ChCh Bartha Urchectura Inti of Sopa) Figure 3.410 Short Column ‘In case of short column effet dt to brick standing wal hs not been studied in detail, upper limit of ‘coh F (oxdinayarenah cone (oe mw | oui i ot Pe 0.2% Rea Si fr PeO2% {aware one o13 SN?) Bo Ri OF P02 3.43.3 Upper Limi ofthe Dit Angle of Fesural Columns Rae ‘Recommendations fr calculation of maximim deflection angle i summarized below [ Tic ope Tn othe dang offeror eon es al be alclad wit be Towing equi eit oan aac et Rady Raran Ray aes [hdidsoplementary Provisions 2 Utne Deformation A125] Bau Upp lint ofthe deformation angle the evar elumdetemined bythe aia ce {Ordinary comes (ap 135 Nim, ‘Shea referent of clean by NBC, 210ne80 wit 138 des hook is sats. Basin on 92080 ‘Brno fe 08072083 Riek fr 055>72 080 se the einrcemen not af | ‘wor an ft 12080 ‘Recor fr 08012 040 Rate (42) Shy fr bees ‘Lom staat corse (oy12.5 Ninn! Insets shew ranfrcent, 71000200 oles, ont Rat 92080 6Incase 2410mm@mereshan200n, Bown ae 92080 Bear en fr 080 72040 arte) coma Mm n= NODR). que n=020snd nym 08 [Mode Supplementary Povisions 12 Utinate Defematon 2-6 + Upp init ofthe defrmatin ape fhe eral corn dete by these ce Ue Raa = ie Ray Bn OD Acro eee (Supplementiy Provision 12 Utmle Deformation AL2-7)| ‘aus pe limi ofthe deformation angle of the Hex clun determined bythe tense rele | Baa if 913% ‘Foo if be ase [Medtfe sppementary Poisons 12 Ultimate Defomation AL 2-8] + aw npe it ofthe defrmatin angle ofthe enrol deere bythe sparing ot hoop Bea ff > 8 Bos di tober ase [Supplenentry Provisions 12 Um Defra AL29)| + aun be demon angle of he eral aun terminal bythe dear eight Rowen? oc ater ce eal Gappomcun Penn 12 Ukimte Demin A810 + Rie inte deme gla he el ann cermin bye amet Jo ae ne Sowercnte( 2,215) Jno tatam-srogncnnee (o,<18-58,) Mieeaee i an a gata sce ch ay ea any afr Ordinary -Suengh Cone (« 213, 4) 1 -RaxwiUper init of he defrmatin ange ofthe Neral olunn stermine bythe cla eight ‘nd 2 (consider ick wal) Panos” ce Low Strength Conte (01 2) wc" ain ft Pe 202% a= Bi 02%Rin RinfarP, 202% Baan Spacing tooo ter ofthe fen enfrnghar of he clan ‘34a Example of Caleulation of Column Strength SEs REY OFFICES BUILDING. Exersise on sesmie atsessment ofan office building was doneby CNCRP. The building isa S storey office ‘ulin. The summary ofthe assessment is shown belo. 344.1 Desription of Building 2) Charactevstiesf the Building ‘Some ofthe imporant characteris ofthe bulding re given below: 1) Typical office building wi frame structure constructed in 1985, 2) No earthquake sisting design was performed 3) No grade beams exist 4) Low strength cenerete was used, ) Outine of Building Usge ‘ie Bulding Number ofarey | Fie Sinualype | RC Framed Sucre Feupdaion ype stalow Foundation Year ofdesin [1985 ‘Year ofcossin —| 1985 .¢ Summary of Fdings Conrte Seth 33 Nima aa (Became FETIP Rear Vol Sess 275 Nim (MP) Low Swengh Conese (13 SNinm ar at Low Strength Conse 342 Caleulaton of Gravity Lod 4) Caleuationof Unt Weight of Structure “The unit weigh of structure is calculated based on actual weight of ick wall, self weight of strucural ‘members (Corn, Beam and Slab) loo rsh and actual ive lod for unit area. 8Caper Sec nee of Se am Sam te cin tm tm 2 tn Bae Pam{Cups 3.Sesmie Index of Suet ‘COLUMN SCHEDULE 0908 40506 or | ea 1 tad | g 7 5 | wees -mrOenensce ‘eon wow 08 Uke tad 030 Fase i We s 1) Summary of Floor Weight of Structure 3a ‘Storey | Floor Ava ass 055 055(Chapter 3. Sesmie Index of Siete f, ©) Summary of Sustaining Force of Columns i = 3.44.3 Caleltion of Member Sxength Catenin pee fC cstmnat gous oars sho eo Assessment Direction Location Ges Floor Clara Storey height | Clea height Standard clear height” column, = ‘Material Properties Compressive strength of exiting concrete (F_)=92 Nina? ‘Tensile strength of exising rebar (o) = 275 Nim (40 Grade) Axial force N= ‘Tot reinforcing bars, 16-920, 4 = 5026 Sm “Tensile enforcing bars, 6-620, 4,=188Sm Ties s10@ 25 314.2mm* a(Clupter 3. Seismic Index of Suctre ADDF. = 04 750 «280% 9.2N = 680,000N = 6901 New =0)55* BOF. $026,5+275-750-250-92N 107287.5 N = 3107.28 Ya 495, = 50165 «115 = 13821 Here, Ngo N> ADDF, M,=(08 4-504 012 00°F) 5 MON) 7 99 20728-1116) 8527512506012.790.250 492 FO = 127914775 Nam = 12794Nm “Thesheur force atthe ultimate lecual strength Qa can be clelated cathe assumption atthe Mat he top and bottom of the column are the same y= 2 Sadie =6395 4N Considering provision fr lw strength concrete and plan bar (See-3 42.13) Nexual tenth should be reduced by 9 ‘Therefore Qos ~ 0 *63.95 = 08 » 6395 «51.16 KN imiie ep ey eee ee ee extn Re 24) sous pra 0 hte {Supplementary Provision 1 Colm with Moet consider low Strength Concrete] S10) Where: |: Reduction ctor af low strength conrete (oy 13 SNimu) k= 0.24440.05605 Ps Tensile reinforcement rio (6). (2: Cross sectional area of sear reinforcement 4 Spacing of shear reinfocement (In case ti is 9 degree hook; =2s (Twice spacing length) bs) y+ Yield strength of shear reinforeing bars (Nn!) Axial sts ia column (Nu) 2” Effective dept of column. DS0ram may be applied ‘MQ = Shear span length. Defa valueis hs ‘hg Clear beightof column (mm) hn 1244 + 0.086% F. 0.244 +0.086%92 075 1, Shear enforcement ati, Py= 0.012 for P.2 0.012. Py=(Chapter 3. Seismi Index of Structure oe tts x100% PSE BOON 750,755 100 vein 0" BD” 350x750 = 595Ni! on + 1009892) 5 (0am -01ssh 0080290 9856498 198648 ‘ie Steno Com Once (enue 9p) Qeaan ‘The Soa of Steg Calms i= 5 98 Ninn < BN?{Chapier 5, Selmi Index of Sucre 44.44 Caleulation of Colma Duty dex Calculation example of Finder i ae chown below “Tocaleulate dct index of cach vertical member fllowing flowchart i allows =e + Shear a theultimate flexural lure, Uimate shear strength. 0., Compate Shear at the ultimate Newural alure with ultimate shear strength, taking the smaller asthe utimate Intra load-carrying capacity of members. shear are mode Determine upper limite of the 800 Se reer pe aT i [characterised by a gradual increase of cece sc Jaravel or aiff lay with thickness from several | 180-300 180 0-250 usetaannae sD Jrther without sense eobeeve pert aret| 180 a6 <0 : cored Macks ToT eae meee oes | ice aniremeiesasta case | After selestion of sit clas, Soil fico shal be determined according o following abe. ‘Tabled3.13 Soll Factor S (From Table 6.2.16 of BNBC 2015) “Site elas Soll factor SA 1.0 SB 120) SC 1s SD 135 43.7 Cumulative Strength Index at The Utimate Deformation of Sractore Cro “To ensure seismic safety of a building its required t secu cern minimum strength at ultimate ‘deformation in ation to J, index. Especially building with low suength eapacty, as it the casein ‘Bangladesh, may show unstable response and cause large deformation, even collapse, To resolve the problem, Cry has been sto ensure minimum ultimate sng, even hough the uilding may poesss high ductile capocity. The upper int of deformation i ot fixed yet for Bangladesh because of lack of atu and experiment on local design and construction conditions. Presently, the upper lint may beset 0 (about 180 as uppe int) to ensure the minimum stuength after satisying the required Wis equivalent tothe ulimate strength that required for lw rise ling designed by R = SS soilin BNBC 2015. 88*3152200%Cxa m