a MANUAL FOR SEISMIC RETROFIT DESIGN ‘OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS. Public Works Department wo MyMANUAL FOR SEISMIC RETROFIT DESIGN OF EXISTIN' REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT PREPARED UNDER ‘PROJECT FOR CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT ON NATURAL DISASTER RESISTANT TECHNIQUES, (OF CONSTRUCTION AND RETROFITTING FOR PUBLIC BUILDINGS (CNCRP) [A TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECT BETWEEN PWD AND JICA ams‘© Public Works Department llrightsreserved. No par ofthis publication shall be reproduced, stored in retrieval sytem, reprinted ‘mansmited in any frm by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or othewite without persion in writing from the Chief Engincer, Public Works Department Pablished by: Public Works Department Parta Bhaban, Segunbagicha Dhaka-1000 STRICTLY FOR OFFICIAL USE Fist Elton June 2015, ‘The content ofthis book are related to retroftng design and construction process generally undertaken by Public Works Department which have been described heeinfer in brief theoretical form with ‘examples as guidelines. AS such NO chapter, article, clause, sub-clause thereof, be refered tose VALID DOCUMENTS in the event of any arbitration, Itgation, dispute, claim ass, whatsoever tered, made ‘or claimed by any person a the ase may be under any eieunstances, However, thie may be wed bY ‘ther Govt departments, private bade and individuals alo at their own discretion Unmost care hasbeen taken to overcome printing and other mistakes. Even then there may alays be ‘canes: ot unntenaed mstakes. ‘Any mistakes and suggestions to update revise may peat be addressed to ‘The Chet Enginer, Public Works Deparment. Price hk, 1000.00 Cover design: Nipun/Team Engine Limited Production ‘Team Engine Limited A.J Tower (It oor) 4, Kawean Bazar, Dhaka 1215 Bangladesh wormanrenginecomForeword Bangladesh is « disaster prone country. The county is frequently affected by floods, cyclones and ‘yelone induced storm surges and tomados. The country is also under threat of moderate 0 strong farthquakes due the geographical portion. Bangladesh is close to one of the most teetonially active Fetion in the world, It esate where thre tectonic plates namely the Indian pate the Eurasian pate ‘nd the Burmese plate met, Bangladesh ovr the ast two hundred and ity years, had experienced eight Imjor earthquakes of magnitude over 7.0. Among thase earthquakes, two earthquakes namely Bengal Earthquake of 1885 and Srimongol Earthquake of 1918 ad tee epicenter within the country. Due tots ‘proximity tothe plate Boundaries, active faults and track records of historical damaging earthquakes in fd around Bangladesh probability of occurence of stong earthquake is igh “The rsks of los of life and damage to property due to earthquake are almost enrlyassocited with manmade stuctares, Because earthquake doesn't kill peopl, buildings do. The rapid urbanization of Several cites especialy Dhaka Chitagong and Sybet during the lst 25 years with most ofthe buildings ‘being non-engineered ia big concer Public Works Department (PWD) with history of over 150 year isthe Government Department which ‘wns almost al the public buildings ofthe county in comecton with construction and maintenance. The Cepartmentinkeis the legacy fom British India though Pakistan period to present independent ‘Bangladesh. A major portion of the huge building stock is unrenforeed brick masonry bing with fo concrete stengh, inadequate column setion and non ductile RC famed stuctres, The Bangladesh ‘National Building Code (BNBC) was formulated in 1993 and enacted in 2006. PWD hasbeen following [American Conerete Istinte (ACD code til 1993 and the BNBC subsequently for srvctura design purpose But sect adherence to the code eapcially the seismic provisions came into practice very Fecenly. As a res, a staggering mimber of existing buildings do not meet the seismic demand and ‘apeity requirements of the current BNBC 2015 (Final Draft, uly 2015). ‘The Goverament of Banglish has taken © strong sand with disaster risk reduction, Governments sicees in cetin areas of darter rk mitigation sich as Aood, cyclone is acclaimed by the work! and taken as role model in many countries. In ease of earthquake disaster, the country is nt suficinty Prepared reduce the risk. The Main feason ie that eARDAKE i not 2 Fequent phenomenon in Bangladesh, The country bad experienced the last devastaing eatbquake in 1897 (The Great Indian Earthquake with magnitude 8, Inthe Standing Order on Disaster (SOD) of the Government, PWD is crated with the task to promote seismic restant building and t refit public buildings which are vulnerable to erthquake Due fo the ck of tecnical know-how, PWD could not undertake projet for retofiting. To overcome this deficiency, PWD has underaken a project wit the technical cooperation of JIC titled “Projet for Capoity Development on Natural Disster Resistant Techniques of Constetion and Retrofiting for Public Buildings (CNCRP”, The main purpose of the four yearlong project isto enrich the technics! ‘knowledge and working caecty ofthe enginers of PWD for seismic assessment, retofiting design and construction of existing RC framed public buildings ‘One of the outputs ofthis projects to develop 6 (six) individual manuals and guidelines as sated nde far fur referenes 1, Manat for Seismic Evalation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings 2. Manual for Seismic Retrofit Design of Existing Reinforced Conrete Billings 5, Manual for Rett Construction and Supervision of Reafored Concrete Buildings 4. Guidlines foe Quay Contr! of Design and Construction of Reinforced Conrete Builings 'S Manual for Setmic Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings6. Mamal for Vulnerability Assessment and Damage Prediction of Reinforced Concrete Buildings agaist Non Seismic Hazards As sated cali, many existing buildings do not meet the seismic demand and capacity requirements of the current BNEC 2015. The need fr retofiting may aie from one or mae of he following reasons (@) Violten of Bangladesh Navona Building Code in structraldegn andconstrston process, (©) Subsequent updating of Building Code. (€) Deeriantion dv to aging and unexpected natural nd human created bazar. (© Moditeaton of existing svete (@)Changein use of building ‘The series of rmmuals and guidelines are the outcome of four yest long expeimces of CNCRP pret. The enginess cf PWD with technical assistance ofthe JICA experts trad to acapt the Japanese retrofit technology to lea constuction contons and practices, Seismic retofiting ie apecializd typeof ob. ‘The profesional and practicing engineers are requested to go tough the manne carfilly and apply ‘hei engineering judgments befor aplication, ‘The curentedion ofthe manuals and guidelines ae # modest beginning. Extensive research on local conditions such as constuction materials, techniques, and practices in the iit of local seismic are necesary to uprade the mamals, We, as profesional, believe hat manuals ar only guide or outing and it is the expert who will have 1o take the final decison about actual extent f work tobe done, We expect feedback from all quarters to enrich the futur editions ofthe manuals ‘The current Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC 2015) does not caain any provisions of seismic evaluation an rerofit design Throughout the project duration, the engineers of PWD studied the Japanese standd, guidelines and technical manuals foe seismic evaluation ard rerofit design of RC bulldings. As judgment i very importa in aseessing vulnerability ofa bilig, the Jpanese method ives emphasis oneal observations and hand eslultions. There are many fos and assumption to be taken based on local construction circumstances. This “Manual for Seimic Revotit Design of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings” has ben prepared to supplement the English version of the ginal Japanese. Standards, Guidelines and Technical Manval tiled "Sundar, Guidelines and ‘Teehncal Manual for Seismic Evaluation and Seismic Retrofit of Existirg Reinforced Concrte ‘Buildings, 2001", poblshed by The Japa Building Disaster Prevention Associaton IBDPA), We deeply acinowiedge the Editorial Advisory Board consisting of respected members from Japan and Bangladesh forthe valuable conribtion. The authors from JICA exper team reds pei mention for formulating the manuals. We also thank all the CNCRP team members for their hard work which ‘ventualy helped in publishing these manuals and guideline. Finally I want to hak the Goverment of Japan and JICA for tee whole eared suppor and cooperation in all phases of te project CNCRP. “Engr. Md. Kabir Abmed Bhuiyan (Chit Engineer Public Works Department, Dhaka, Bangladesh.PREFACE, ‘Bangadesh is located ina tectonically active region clos othe plate boundaries ofthe Indian plate and te Eurasian plate to ts north and east. Based on sismiciy, Bangladesh is divided ito tree seismic ‘zones, a8 pet Bangladesh National Building Cade (BNBC), 1993. The BNBC 1993 was adopted in 2006 Inder Building Construction Act 1952. Most of the buildings constructed before adopion of BNBC 1093 is ether non-engineered or designed without considering seismic load, The present construction scenario isnot very encouraging either. Under these eicumstances large munbers of buildings both public and private, in the urban areas newts structural asessment and retofiting if found vulnerable “The concept and practic of Japanese Standard of Seismic Evaluation and Guidelines of Reofit Design for existing RC buildings has beo studied and aplied in Bangladesh through the PWD-IICA tecnica cooperation project CNCRP. “The Japanese Standard and Guidelines for Seismic Evalution and Refit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, prepared in 1977 has been applied in many buildings in Japan successfully. The Guideline was revised in 1990 and 2001 Following concise book of Standard and Guidlines translated in English under ene cover was published in 2001: ‘Standard for Selslc Evaluation of Existing Relnforced Concrete Buildings, 2001 Guidelines for Seismie Retroft of Existing Reinforced Conerete Buildings, 2001 and “Technical Manual for Selsmic Evaleton and Seis Retrofit of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bangs, 2001 ‘ratslated by: Building Research Insitute, Published by: The Japan Building Disaster Prevention Association JBDPA). “This English version 2001 cover the min portion ofthe Japanese Standard and Guidelines only. ‘This “Manual for Seismic Retrofit Design of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buiklings” bas been prepared to supplement the apanese Standard and Guidelines mentioned above incorporating the seismic Toad of BNBC 2015 (Final Dra, July 2015). Effort has been taken to ineocporat the design and constuction practices of Bangldesh in the manual a¢ much as possible This manual will be used together wit the “Manual for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings” prepared under CNCRE project. Seismic retrofit in Japan hasbeen disseminated afer the Hyogo Ken Nanbu (Kobe) Earthquake 1995, together withthe at on promation of Seismic Revofting of Existing Buildings. More than 50000 ‘existing publi school buildings have bees revofited a of 2011 Itis expected that seismic performance of exiting RC buildings wil be improved through application of this Manual for Seismic Retrofit Design and the building damage skin Bangladesh will be mitigated Aldea Tnows Senior Stuetural Erginoer, SICA Expert Team, CNCRPAuthors Lead Author Aoesiate Authors altoril Advisory Rasrd Prof. Dr. Jamul Reza Chouary Professor Shunsuke Otani Profesor Toshi Kabeyasona ‘ALMA, Matias Ratan PEag. Dro M, Shamim, Bosuia PEng De. ear Anam De. AFM Saif Amin Akira Ioue, Senor Structural Engineer, JICA Expert Tear, ‘NCR, "Ma, Ragu sam, Bxective Engineer, PWD Design Division-3, Dinka Anup Kumar Hilt, Feoatve Faginec, PWD, Dhaka, ‘Vice hancller, University of Asa Pacific, Dinka ~Chairman. Profesor Emeritus, Ine University of Tokyo ~Co-Chia Profesor, Earthquake Research Institut, ‘The University of Tokyo Member ‘Adina Chie Enginesr (Ret), PWD Member Professor (Retd), Bangladesh University of Enginecing and Teetnology, Dhaka Member Profesor, Univesity of Asia Pace, Diska ~Member Profesor, Bangladesh Univesity of Engineering and ‘Technology, Dbaka MemberFOREWORD, pi PREFACE, 3. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT, ¥ CONTENTS, p. i NOTATIONS, pixt CHAPTER 1 General LA General Palisy, pL LLL Scopeof the Manual, p 112 Definition of Technica! Terms, p.2 LL3_ Level of Screening of Seismic Evaluation .2 114 Outline of Sete Evaluation and Seismic Revoft Design p.2 12. Scope of Applcton, p. 3 121 Typeot Structure, p.4 122° Number of Stories. 4 123. Concrte Strength p. 4 13. Definitions p. 4 13.1 Termisology Relating to Retrofit and Restration, pS 13.2 Terminology Reating to Seismic Evaluation, pS 133. Terminology Rating 0 Strengthening (Revo) Methods, p. 5 134 Terminology Relating to Strengthening (Retofi) Construction. 6 135 Main Yottions Related to Seismic Evaluation area Follows, p 6 14 Concept of Revofit Design . 6 LAL General 9.6 1S) Seismic Index of Sucre USA Genel p.7 1.6 Seismic Demd index of Sucre Jp. 10 116.1 Basi Principles. 10 16.2 Seismi Demand Index fn p10 1.63 Seismic Demand Index J (Proposed for Banglades, p11 1.7 Tryst Penang p13 118 Proce of evo Design, p. 14 1.9 Building Survey, p. 14 1.10 Consrstion of Retofit Work, p18 1.11. Suggested Motiiation of Japanese Standard for Bangladesh, p. 20 CHAPTER? nga Banke Desig 21 Planning of Reso, p. 25 2.1 General. 25 2.12 Clasifcation of Retrofit Method, p.25 2.13 Phinof Reofit, p26 2.14 Recommendation, 26 2.2. Basic Design p.27 221 General p.27 222 Required Quanity of Revo, p.27 pT223 Required Amount of Reto, p. 28 224 Non-Strctunl Brick Wall, p31 2.25 Extrction fom th Stuctual Experiment 2013 by CNCRP, p. 32 CHAPTERS Retrofit Design of Members and Frames 31 nsodueton p. 38 32 Installing RC Walls, p35 321 Outing p35 3.22 Tange Performance, p. 36 523. Ukimate Suength of Column, p37 324 Sueagth ofie-Filed RC Wall, p.38 325 Example on Infilles RC Wall, p40 3.3 Stet Famod Brace, p45 334 Outing p. 45 3.32 Target Performance p46 3.33 Design of Stee Framed Brace, p. 48 334 Example Calculation of See! Framed Brace, . 50 34 Column Jacking, p52 341 RC Jacketng 52 3.42 Example Calelation of Coma Jacketing p. $4 42.43 Evaustion of Column Strength, p. 56 35. Post Installed Anchor, p56 351 General, p. $6 352. Design of Post Installed Anchor, p. $8 3.6. Now-Strectural Component (Elements), p 61 361 General p61 CHAPTER 4 Example of Retrofit Design of Buildings 4.1. Case 1: Retrofit Design f a5 Storey Offices Building in Dhaka, p, 69 ‘42 Case2: Retrofit Design of 4 Storey Garment Factory Building in Dinka Ares, p90 42.1 General, p90 422 Structua Assessment, p91 423. Rerofit Design, p97 43 Case3: A Sample Resoft Design of Mixed Type Stracure in Dhaka, p 109 43. General. 109 432 Seismic Evaluation, p. 109 433 Seismic Retrofit Design, p. 116 Supplement Al, p. 133 Supplement A2,p. 151 Supplement A3.p, 159 Supplement Ad. p. 162 ‘Supplement AS, p. 168 Supplement A6,p. 171 Supplement A7p 177 Supplement 48, 187Supplement 49.191 Supplement A10p. 193 Supplement A119. 196 Supplement BL, p. 159 ‘Supplement 82, p, 201 Supplement 83, p. 202 Supplement 84, p. 203 Supplement 85, p. 207 Supplement 36, p. 209 Supplement 37, p. 210 Supplement BS, p, 2:2 Index of Figures. 215 Index of Tables, 220, References, p.222aNOTATIONS Notations used in tht manval are same as () “Guidlines for Seismic Rewott of Fisting Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 2001” and (i) "Standard for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings 2001” The notations are provided in two sections (Notation A and Notation B) referring the relevant page numbers of thoe two manual for understanding and classifation of the users of this ‘manual NOTATION & Page no." 4. Pieced aren of concrete cone fire srfce of single anchor (i). 2a ‘tear span; distance between the beam face at the column top and he point of tral 2-13 fave fom the in filled wall 4: Grss sectional area of longitudinal reinforcing brs of column in tension side (am'). 2-18 4, Cs sectional area of tensile longitudinal reinforcement (mm) 22 fe + ins sectional ares of tensile enforcement inthe jacketing pat of column. aaa + Crs sectional area of oe et of reinforcement (mi). 236 1% + Gr sectional area of stud (mm) 237 2%: Minima eros section are of expansion anchor (mu) at 1%: Bective cross section area of threaded stel bar or nominal cross section area of 2-47 archerage bar ('). 1a + Clos section area of expansion anchor at concrete interface, or eos section aa of 2-47 ‘beaded anchorage bar (um). bs Wahof column (mm) 218, 2, » D, Bective width of columns resisting against the dret shear force considering the 2-13, ‘ceanected members nthe orthogonal ietion, be :ad¢em) 28 Dy: Widthof column afer joking (xm). 2a Column width afer suengtening. 226 2, Wthof tee rap 226 DB: Depth ofolumn (mm). 28, » D_—:Depthof columns resisting against he det sear fore. as Dz: Dap ofcolume after ackting (ram) 2m D, —: Daameter of drilled hol of existing concrete structure (mi. 2a 4: Efetve depth ofthe revofited column (mm) 2 4: Diameter of anchor; nominal diameter of anchorage bar for bonded anctor or 2-47 lamer of sleeve of expansion anchor (a) ‘dy: Nominal diameter of se! ba threaded into expansion anchor (mi). 24 4, Distance between the center ofthe tensile enforcing bars andthe exeme fiber of 2-18 wing wall in compression side (mn), E + Young's modulus of tee (Nim. 2st FE. + Yauns modal of existing concrete (Nn) nar Fx: Specified Young's moduls of carbon fiber shee. A value indicated in the Table 229 3.61 can be ured ‘Page no. of “Japanese Galdline fr Seismic Retrofit of Existing RC Bling, 200"Page no = Young's modus calculated based on oy, The test valu canbe used when measured 2-49 uring compression test ct index 20 Fs Specitid strength of tel (Nine) 237 + Compressve strength of exiting concrete (N/mm) 2 F, + Spocitid design teagh of concrete (Nin). 210 F, Specified compressive strength of existing concrete (Nim) 24 Fay +Conerete strength ofthe isaled val panel (Nimun’) 2 FL: Specified design srengh of concrete for existing structure (Nim), ait F4 1 Specified concrete strengin of existing stractres (Nina) 23 ‘Fa: Compressive strength of concrete for exiting structures (N/m) 23 Fy: Specified desig srengh of concrete fer wing wall (Nin) 28 fe "Limitcompessivetrzs (me') a3 8 :Disance between asl and compressive longing rnfrcenet ofxisting clu (am), 2-24 Bg for jacketing par ofthe column (mm). 228 fv Bg (1) in the Standard. ais 1 Height of injected mortar rm), 236 J Distance between the centroids of tension and compression forces; A value of 08D 229 can be sed Je 11d 8 (en). 28 Ke :034/(052 + 0D) 2 1” Clear span of wall am) 210 1 Clear span of te isaled val panel um) 2 1: Depth af riled hole or enbedmen length of bonded anchor (rm). 2er 1, : Effective embedreat length ofan anchor (run). 2st Length of expansion anchor (um) nar 1 Bmbedment length of expansion anchor othe exiting concrete stractre rim). 247 Exposed length of expansion anchor from the connection surface (mm) pat 1 :Fulllength of conection bar o anchorage ba (ram), ar 1 Bffetive anchorage length of added wal ram), ar My: Flexural suength 28, a MiQ._:Itcan beh ofclumn on which the wing walls installed, as ‘MiQ._:1tshal abi by died cakaaton eferingto te secon 3222) ofthe Sunda 2.24 ‘MQ: Shear span. It shall be defined by caleulting the height of infection point according, 2-29 to @) ofthe setion 3.2.2 (2) ofthe Standard NY Axial fre of eolumn (N) 28 a Pe: Wallreinforcement rato 2 P+ Ratio of a, (goes eros section aren of longitudinal reinforcing bars of colomn 2-13 concerned) 0D. Pu: Refer tothe expansion of eq3.2.53 ais (Po: Hoop ration the existing columns (N/m), ais Po: Lateral reinforcement ratio of installed wing wall, ais Pe; 10004 (bre) (a: goss sectional area of tensile reinforcement of the column with 218 insalled Wing wa. “Page oof “apancse Gunes fo Sciamic Retrofit of Existing RC Buln, 2001" aPa Pa » Pe De >» Qe @ bd "Dm 10 On a o a On 2 Qs Page no* ‘Tensile reinforcement ratio calculated by using the increase cross sevion of jacketed 2.24 column (0). ‘Shear renfrcement ratio ofthe existing column calculated bythe inreased cross 2-24 section of jacketed column decimal), Shear rinfercement rato of the jcketng column calculated by the increased cross. 2.28 section of arketed coh (decimal), p+ shall be 0.012 if te moe tan 0.012 ual hover of ste! plating Upes iit oftal hoop rao shall 0012. 2.26 Equivalent bop rato of tee plat, te same as Ba, 3.3.51, aor ‘Tensile reinforcement rai of existing column (2). 229 Shear reinforcement ratio of ensting cok (decimal). 209 Shear reitercerent ratio of ean fiber shet (decimal). 229 Reinforement exo 236 design shear fore Bie Sum af the shear strengths of connectors underneath the beam 2 ‘Salle vale fhe oer column between he shear force at the yeldingand esr atengh 2-12, Ustmate shear sueagh of wall calculate fom Eq (A2.1-2) a Shear srengh of shear walls 2 ‘Shea stengh of nfl shar pane (only forthe pel par inthe clear ight and with) 2-12 Direct shear strength a the top ofa column ae Shear strengh of infil shear panel an Direct shear stength of eolumn a ‘Shear force tfexurl strength 28 Shear sength 2s ‘Load caryitg capacity of column with peecast concrete wing wall 2g ‘Shear force sotribute bythe diagonal compression brace which model wing wall 2.19 ss shown inFigure 325.2 ‘Shear force contributed by the existing columns 29 Shear steagh of clu 22 Sear strength of column 23 ‘Shear strength of beam. 240 Shear force athe Nlexurl capacity of beam, 240 Shear capacity of an anchor (N) 2 Shear capaci of an anchor determined by tel stength (N). 248 Shear capcity ofan anchor determined by bearing stength of concrete (N), 248 ‘Shear strengh contribute by each std ((N) for one st). Bsr Irregular index 2s Tensile cpicity of an anchor (N) ar Tensile capicty af an anchor determined by yeng of test material), nar Tensile cpicity ofan anchor determined by conerst cone fale (), par Tensile capcity ofan anchor determined by bond flue (). ar ‘Wall hicks of intl wing wall ram) Bis ‘Thickness of sel plate 226 Wall hicks (eum) 20, a Interval of inforcemeat (x). 236 “Page na of Japanese Guidlines fr Seismic Retro of Existing RC Bllings, 201° any” oe Page no.* Spacing of steel trap 226 Redction fictor in comidrtion ofthe defection condition tallow fe load bearing 2-12 ‘contbuton of coh) Safety factor for fexura fire. 240 Refer othe explaationofeq, 32.5.2. as 0.91.0 (ease postnslled anchors are ranged along four sides of wall panel), and 2-11 08.09 (nother cas. Reduction factor (= 08) aie Limit of axa force rat of column afer jacking. 227 Limit of ail force rato of column before jacketng, 0.5 foe 100 mm or less in hoop 2-27 spcing, 0. for hers, Average shear sess of wall panel (Winn?) 210 ‘Average shear ses of val (Ninm) 23 ‘Values provided in abl 3.1.51 240 27 Limit slenderes rato d= fx?-2)(0.6F) Effective aspect ratio, a ffetve sain of carbn ber shest tsa flue, Avalueof.7%4can doused 229 ‘Yield suength of longitudinal enforcing bars of aeolumn. as feb, where Wis em axa fre ofthe column at ultimate mechanism, postive 2-13 vale ears compresses force. ‘Yield strength) of tera reinforcement of stale wing wal, Yield strength of longitu! reinforcing bas of column (Nin). Refer tthe explanation of e432.5°3 Px9% ‘ied svength ofthe wal infcciog bar (Ninn?) Yield stength of rinfrcing bar (Nam). The stength osha be 204 Nim for rot bars, ad (pci yield stengh +49 Ninn) for determed bar Yield smagh of ele waren ate jacketng par of elm (Nina). The sength 2-28 sl be 294 Nr ft oud us, ad (ecified yl tenth +49 Ninn!) for deformed ts Yield suength of shan reinforcement inthe exiting eoluma (Nim) 2a Yield stent of shea reésfrcenein the ackeng col (Na), The seni and yehall 2-24 ‘be 29 Ninn for ound bs, (seid ye seg +9 Nimmo fred be. Yield strength of tee! pate fr jacking (Nim) aa Yield strength of shear enforcement of existing col (N/a). 229 Min (Ey (2/3), tensle strength of carbon fiber sheet for shear desian. 29 Specie ase senghofcurbonfibershet A valueindicaedinTibie33.61anbewed 2-29 Axial compressive sre. The vale sll not be more than 7.8 Nin 229 Tensile sweagt of stud, equa oo less tan 400 (Nia) 231 Compressive strength of existing concrete (Nim), par Specified yield strength of sel bar (Ni). as ‘Yield strength of expansion anchor (N/mm), 248 Compressive strength of existing conse. In gener, the suengh shall e cbuined by 2-49 ‘compression et of once cre, When hee vee age tan specie once stengh esl be determnndascording othe Sid ‘Page na of Japanese Guidlines fr Selsmle Retro of Exstng RC Bllaigs, 201Page no* 1 =Refertothe explanation of 0g. 3..5-5 a3 © Shear stength of anchor (Nin). 2a 5: Bond strength of bonded anchor aginst pull-out force (Nim). 2s =. Basic bond strength of bonded anchor (Nim) ze "Page no. of “panes Guidelines or Sele Retrofit of Existing RC Bulag, 2001" NOTATION, Page no, ** Ac Total eoss-sectional area of columns (rm) inthe storey concerned, where the ares 1-16 of boundary columns inthe walls with one ee two boundary columns ull be neglected incalelation ‘Total crass sectional area of reinforcing bars (mm). Cross sectional are of prof the Iter reinforcement in shear wall ‘Vercl distribution shape of later seismic force. Toa eros-sectioal aren of extremely sr: ols inthe tory concerned (mi) “Toa ros sectional are of tensile enforcing br in column (mx). Cross sectional area of tensile reinforcing bars othe boundary column inthe tension side of wal + Croe sectional area of tes enforcing bars inthe beam (man) Cros sectional aes of esl enforcing brs inthe beam inca that the patil slit 'sincompression side (am) aye: Total vertical reinforcing bars in the shear wal (1). 150 er: Toa cros-sectionl aren of walls with vo Bounlary columasintbestorey and 1S effective tthe dretion concerned (an). iy; Total crose-sectional area of wale wit one Bouniary column inthe storey and Li6 effective to the direction concerned a). my; Total cros-sctional ares of walls without columas inthe storey sd effecive othe 1-16 storey concerned (mi) FA Sumof rss sectional ares of column and wing wal and wall (a). Ls 55, sé Colum and Beam width (x). 14s, 9 +b, + Baquvalent thickness of the wal (mm), 1st 2 Beam width of the equivalent rectangular shaped beam. (tm). 60 VA, Dusty index of the Beam on the lef! andthe right sides ofthe node calculated 1-24 according tothe ite (). Mf Contribution ofthe boundary beam to he overtuing moment reistance ofthe wall at 1-23, the level of story concerned ‘My: Nodal moment atthe ulimate strengths of the Beams onthe left and theright sides of 1-24 the node (Qu + Shear strength of he beam las “Page no of Japanese Standard for Ssmic Evaluation of Fasting RC Bulag, 20"De fo Bo Bis Fin Page no. ‘Shear force at the flexurfailure ofthe beam, considering the efecto he shear free Qe to gravity load Bese shear coeficient (gente tha 1.0), Strength index C ofthe ft group (with small F inde), Seng index Co the zeond group (with medium F index). Swengh index Cof the id group (with large F index). Seng index ofthe colamns, xcap forthe exrmey short columns. Shes force athe time flexural strength of the column, Ultimate shear strength the column, Standard rif angle ofthe column (mesure in he clear height of elim), 130. Standard drift angle oft column (measured inthe clear height of clu, 1/50. Standard dif angle of te column (measure in the clear height of column), 1/50, Standard rift angle oft column (mesure in he clear height of colun, 1250, Plastic dif ange ofthe zlumn (measured in the clear eight of column). Dri angle ath uate fexaal strength of column (eased int cles bight of colin). ‘Yield dif ange of column (measured in lear height of elma). Strength index ofthe extremely shor columns CCumaletive strength index at the ulin deformation of strutre Strength index ofthe walls Effective strength ctor ofthe column, CCompeessive strain athe concrete strength ‘Shearing unit stress atte flexural strength of column, Shearing unit stress att ultimate state of columns. (Colum and Beam depth Cola depth Deformability and damping factor of structure. Effective depth of column and beam, Diameter ofthe flesural reinforcing ba ofthe col Distance from the center ofthe tensile reinforcing bars tothe extreme fiber ofthe ‘wing standing/hanging wll nthe compressive se (am). Shape factor to take the fet of vertical stifnass unbalance and eccentricity into sscount Compressive strength ofconrete (Nim), which may be taken as the specified design concrete stength Diet index ofthe exremely short columns Duct index ofthe was ‘Ground index Storey bei Clear height of column, ‘*Page no of Japanese Standard for Seismic Ealeaon of isting RC Bidigs, 201 12k Lasos hes hho by io de Page No** 12h ® Standard height ofthe column from the bottom ofthe upper floc eam tothe surface ofthe lower for sab [The height fi the foe level concerned t0 the top of the Beam whove flexural reinforcement scoured into Fy Inflection height aleulatd for columns. “fletion height calculated for walls Opening hgh ‘Standing or hanging wall height (nm). Height fom the lor level concerned tothe op ofthe malty wal, Inflection height calulated as wals with wo Boundary columns, Number ofthe story fr evaluation, where the First trys mmbered as 1 andthe top storey 251 Distance between cenroide of ension and compresion frces Distance between the eentoids ofthe tension and compression portions, Standard or averaged length of spans inthe diretion concerned ‘ota length ncn length of wing walls ‘Wall ength in wi portion Length ofthe wing wall (tal length ofthe wing walls incase ty locate at bh sides ‘of cok) Teta wall length including length of columns Opening length Distance between the centers of he boundary columns ofthe will rn), Shear spn length Number ofthe inpected sores. Axa force (9, ‘Tot axial fre inthe boundary clans atachedt the wall [amber of stories of building. Duciliy index of the node determined from the beams Duct index of the clu above and below the node. uci index of the node a the topo the botom ofthe column. ‘Nodal moment tthe tp or the bottom of th column atthe fire mechanism. ‘Axial compressive strength ‘Axial eosile strength ‘Additional axial fre of column du to crthquakes, Shear reinforcement ratio of the wall ‘sPage noo Japanese Standard for Seismic Evaluation of Existing RC Bullings, 2001" 152 138 153 18, s hoPepepps PPR Qn om Equivalent lateral enforcement rai of wall Horizontal shea enncene sai of de wing all Teale reitorcement ati () Equvalen tensile reinforcement aio of wall) Shear rénforcement rao, car foce atthe deformation epsity Ry ocala inthe co ad higher ergs + Shea fece at flexaral yielding of cola inthe second ad higher groups. + Shear srength ofa column inthe second and higher groups. + Unite teal oud-arying capacity ofthe vertical member in the storey concer, Seismic demand fore for ech tore. ‘Cleulated capacity of suctre Standard inte storey rit angle, Ress =1/250. Inte-atcy hit mug heute definition capi Mena alte uf the column member Yield ier storey dit ange Intecstrey drift angle at the ultimate deformation capacity in shear fale of the column member (Coeficiet fr reponse in term of period and sil condition. ‘Yield deformation in eons of inter-stoey deformation angle Spacing of hoopsties Yield stegth of shear reinforcing: bars (Ni). Yield sin of the flexural reinfrcing-bar in the beam, Wall thekness of wing wall inthe compression side (nu). Rerining conrete thickness ofthe partials am) Usage inde, “Total wight ofthe story and above, ‘Momen resistance ofthe wall atthe lve ofthe storey concerned Shear farce at flexural strength of the wal Shear fice at uli strength ofthe wall Untiats shear strength ofthe wall Zone index. Effective strength factor ofthe columns at theultimate deformation ofthe walls itive sen coro te walt tbe mse deforaton ofthe extremely hort clurus. Effective strength factor of the columns atthe uitimate deformation of the extremely short cel, Effeive strength factor in hehe group athe ‘corresponding tothe fist group (Buty index of F) “Page of “panes Standard for Slane Evaluation of Exiting RC Bulag, 2001” se deformation 8, css 19s 23 120, 122 120, 139, % bio bio 0Effective strength factor of fexural column. Effective strength factor ofa shear column. ‘Wing wall length in compressive side divided by D Factor onthe precision in ealeaaton ofthe up stent ofthe wall. Dutt ctor Cross sectional area ofthe wal wth cour ‘Sum ofthe nod moments athe ultimate strengths of the columns inthe upper and the lover storie, Sum nod moments atthe timate segs of he beans on tee and tergh ies. 1-23, ‘Total floor area soporte by the stary concerned (m) 116 ‘Toea weight (Ged load plus live load for seismic ealultion) supported bythe storey 1-16, concerned 8 ‘Compressive strength of concrete fo easton ‘Yeldstrength of horizontal shea eeinfrcing-brs in the wing wal (N's Yieldstregth of tensile reinforcing bars (Nim) ‘Viel strength of shear reining-bar inthe olan (Nim) Axial stress in column (Nim). ‘Axil ses i wal Shearing uni stress at theultimate sate of columns. ‘Shearing wit stress atthe ultimate stat of extremely short columns. Searing uni stes atthe ulkimate state of walls with two Boundary columns, Shearing unites atthe euimate state of walls with wo Boundary columns Shearing unit ess at the ultimate sae of walls without columns. “Page nn Japaneae Standard for Scam Evaluation of Eling RC ng 200"CHAPTER 1, GENERAL 1A GENERAL POLICY LALA Seupe of te Me "TR ania is for scimie retrofit devin of existing Renfarced Conca (RC) buildings. This mama] ns been prepared to supplement the follwing standard and puielines, incorporating the characteristics ‘of RC buldings in Bangladesh and seismic design lado” Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC), Forts not covered in thi rata, refer to following sander and guidelines. ()"Standrd for Seismic Evaluation of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings, 2001 Guidelines for| Seismic Retrofit of Existing Retnforced Concrete Builaings, 2001 and Technical Manual for Seismie| Evutton ond Slane retrofit of Existing Reiforoca Concrete Buildings, 2001” traniated by the Building Research Intute, Jan and published by Japanese Buldng Disaster Prevention Association. | For seismic evaluation of existing RC buildings, reer, (2) Manual for Sremic Evaluation of Estng RC Buldings by CNCRP “The guidelines for seismic evaluation and retrofit design of existing RC bung are not covered in the [BNBC (Bangladesh National Building Code) 1995. BNE: 2019 aso does not gover. This manda has been introduced for seismic rete design of existing RC buildings. This manual has been prepared to supplement the Japanese Standard and Guidelines mentioned above. This Japanese Standard and Guidelines writen in English is based on original Japanese Standard and Guidelines, translator's note, nd the ists ofthe references, “amie as aaa (©) Guidlines oe SesnicRevoft _(¢) Standard of Ssmic Evaluation Design 001 spans (C001) mien (@) Emp Version 200) Figure 11.1 Japancie Standard and Guidelines for Seemie Assessment and Retrofit Design of RC Buildings.Chapter 1. Genera 112 Definiinn of Fechaical Terms Refer tothe Seton 13 Definition forthe terminology ofthe Japanese Standard, Level of Screening of Seismic Evaluation ‘The degree of simplification in clelaing the indies, (seismic inden) of structures, thee serening levels are provided from the Fist level (simple level tothe thi level (detailed level of sereeing. In ‘hic mansl, 2" lve evening procedures manly wed ands susntnde forte ree design 1.14 Outline of Seismic Evaluation and Seismic Retrofit Design (1) Concept: Seismic Evaluation isa metho by which seismic capacity ofan existing RC building is ‘aluated Ths evaluation could be done by manual calculation, Seismic Index of ructire/, hows its seismic peformance level 2) Levels ofcbmicsersening ‘Thre are 3 es of seismic screening method + 1 eve serenning i single alulato fo the sisi epi + 2 eel serening, coluna collapse mechanisms wally assumed "tis noted ht column sizes of bildngs in Baghdesh ar sal and concrete vlure of beam column. ites ae to small compared with those of Japa, This may case the clips of amour joint ‘cen th collapse of column, Cael investigation will be equ fer the assumption of column colle in Banga + 3° level screening, beam and column colle mechanisms considered, but caleulaton is too complex (@) Methodology 8) Building Survey 1) Chssieaton of clu (xara sea ale clu, refer to tble 1.5.2 of vtion 5 and walls ©) Grouping ofcolumas an walls 4) The seamicndex of structure shal be calculated by following equation at each Hoey and in each principal bcrizonaldiretion of a building The regularity index Spi the ist level sreeing and ‘heme index 7 may be used commonly forall storie snd dretions, Ex SoD Where 'E, Basi seismic index of structure So =Imegularity nde 1 ~Timeindex. © Seismic Demand Index of Stace Judgment ‘Seismic Indo of Stu Ls ompared with ene Demand Index of Stat, I, > fen thesesmic performance of the Building i satsacory. In case of Seismi Rerofit Design, concept of retrofit design i studied fist considering the strength and Effective strength fictor ofthe columns atthe ultimate defecation of he walls, which may be taken a5 07. The value should be 1,0 in ease of C, 20. ‘a= Effective strength factor ofthe walls tthe ulate deformation ofthe extremely short cols, ‘which may be taken a 0.7, fective strength factor ofthe columas atthe ultimate deformation of the extremely shor columas, which may be aken a8 05 = Deetiity index of the RC walls (detlity index of columns incase Cis nearly egal 100), which may be taken a5 1.0. ‘Fec= Ductlty index of extremely short columns, which may be taken a 08, (2) 2 Level Sereeing Table 1.52 Classification of Vertical Members Based on allure Modes inthe 2nd Level, Vetical member [ Definition RC sar val re precede leur yielding RC eww wall | RC walle whovs fleoral yielding prose seat flrs ‘Shear colamn | COINS whose shear failure precede flexural yielding, excep fo extremely brite columns Flearal cdumma | Columns whote flexor yielding precede shear alte ‘Columns wiose i Dare equal oo slr thin 2 and ses ile Exeenly brite column | eehap. Genera ‘The effictive strength Actor g, may be taken as given in Table 3 of the Japanese Standard. (2) ‘Duciliy-dominant basi seismic index of structure Equation (4) Wl deiee tg et Ben ay VEN + By +E (ofthe. Standard Where Brook, Ee CF, C; Bfectivessrength factor ofa shear column, calculated by 2 ig ED cag P19 sy Osy a= Eee seg ctor of letra clu, celts by an =2ED 0340744 Om Ray a Di ag lying ey Egat (13:1) Sati onto te ne Sus em fey Ro ant fee wonder s0 feces sey E20 nthe Seen pros ote Sandré Gey afin sn, 3 Soran eet cp Rao he elie 20 Snr seg os cumin boat pee 22 te ened 22th tenn yl fan el ihe pop 022 ‘nme SeChapt “Tne bose slam index of srr sal be tken asthe larger one tom Eaustlon () and (5) (6) Caletation of strength index C = Be cocew: (12) othe Japanese tadard Where: (Q.~ Utimate lateral oad-amying capacity of vertical members inthe try concerned. IF The weight ofthe building inlading live load for seismic cleulation supported bythe sore ‘concemed, So, loud factor i excluded (@) Calculation of ductility index F ‘The dusty index of verial member inthe 2 level serening proctor shall be calculated asin Art 3:23 ofthe Japanese Standird. (6) 3 level screening procedure Refer to he Japanese Standard 16. SEISMIC DEMAND INDEX OF STRUCTURE Iso 163 ic Princples (2) Seismic safay of a building shall be judged by comprchensve assessment based on the seismic ‘valuation separately conducted onthe structure and the nen-sructurl element (2) Seismic sate of structure shal be judged by Equation (37) of J. Standard 12h I Equation (37) of, Standard is satisied, the building my be assessed to be "Safethe building possess the seismic capacity roared agaist the expected carthqatke motions”. Otherwise, the balding shoul ‘ve asiesied to be “Uncertain” in ses say (G) Seismic sfery of nonstructural elements of te bung sall be judged based on the standard specitid elsewhere (@) The seismic evaluation document shall be made which includes the indices for evaluation, the faleulation procedures, the seismic index of struct, the seismic demand index, and comments onthe Seismic evaluation andthe safety judgment 1.6.2 Sesmie Demand Index fe {1) The semi demand index of structure shoud be caleulated by Equation (38) of lapanese Standard _ogass ofthe story in he building, Iu EGU Where: ‘Ex ~ Basic seismic demand index of structure, standard values of which shall be selected as follows repatles of the direcion of the building: 8 forthe fir level cresning, E, = 0.5 for the second level sreening, and 0Chapter Genera ie .E.~ 06 forthe tir level screening. 2 ~ Zone index, namely the modification factor accountng for te seismic axtivites and the seismic intensities expected in the region of the site @ = Ground inde, mel the moifston fctor accountng forte effects ofthe amplifistion ofthe surface soi, geological conditions and soil and structure interaction on the expected earthquake mosins. [U = Usage index, namely the modification ctor accounting for the use ofthe bulding. (2) Incase the seismic sary of structure i judged by Equation (37) of lapanese Standard inthe second sd the third level seesning procedure and asseseed tobe “Safe” Equation (39) of lpanese Standard shal aso be satis Ce-SZ0326U Where: 1 suength index at he ubimate deformation of srutre Ieglaiy Index. ‘The index Crumay be modified accordingly inthe same manner, in cae the Basic seismic index of severe E, modified by Equation (6). “The formula of . Standard to calcul the seismic demand index Jy of strustre is mot applicable for Bangladesh because of dieence in stsmicty and building constuction condition. A procedure to calculate the seismic demand index of structure for Bangladesh is proposed below base on study sod ‘experiment conducted under CNCRP Project (PWD-JICA technical cooperation projet (Detaled study report itched as supplimest-1) {As fara the 1" level screening, this wil not be used as final judgment in Bangladesh since background ‘of building consition i diferent As far asthe 3 level sreening, this is complizuted method snd it akes time, and hat not boss. ‘mentioned in dt i thie mani ‘Asa ras, 2" level sereening i practical and reliable, and used for seismic eration and semi reo design 1.6. Selsmic Demand Indes, (Propose for Bauglales) Proposed Seismic Demand Index of Strutre sal be by following equations, (1 Incase ofthe 2 and 3 level sreening method le 2 2 ut op2az1cs ay Where, Z = Seismic zane coefcient, as defined in Sesion 2.8.4.2 of BNBC 2015. 1 Sractue importaee factor, s defined in Section 25.5.1 of BNBC 2015 C5 =Nomnalized acceleation response spectum, which i funtion of sructre(ilding) period and soil ype steels) a defined by Equations 62 35 t0 6 2.384 of BNBC 2015. (2) Inaditon, following condition is required Sp 204022¢, oo r= Cumulative strength index at the ultimate deformation of stuctre. So leglaity index.Chapter 1. Genera Proposed Iso (JzoBased on BNBC 2018) 1 level sereening method isnot wed fr the judgment of safety, 2 level seeening method which i practical sued Incase of 2* and 3" level screening method, Proposed Seismic Derand Index of Stuetute is is expesied hy following equation, hom 080x2x2-1-C a Where, Z + Seismic zone cotficont, 8 defined in Sction 2.54.2 of BNBC 2015 7 : Steeture importance fair, as defined in Seton 2.5.5.1 of BNBC 2015 (Ce: Normalized acceleration response spectrum, which isa futon of structure (building) period and sil type (sites) as defined by Equations 62 354062384 of BNBC 2015 Example: considering medium height RC buildings, lo for 2™ and 3" evel screening i caleulated as follows, Zone 2 (Dhaka) sol ype SC; Jy= 080"0.38= 030 (Z=02, 1.0,C.=2878) soi pe SD, f= O80*0.45=0.36 (Z—02, 1-10, C,-3375) Zone 4 (Sy), sil ype SC, l= 0.8040. ~ 085 = 0:36, 1=10,C=2875) s0iltypeSD, fg 080"081=065 (Z=0.36,1=1.0,C=3375) Refer to the Supplement AL, foe more information. As shown in the Supplement Al, time-bistory response analyaisof frame with restoring force characteristic of degaaing tinear mode! applying iil earthquake waves corresponding to BNBC 2015 was done. The result was compared with the clastic response, andthe the fair 0.80 was inroduced forthe sting of seismic demand index Le based. 93 Proposed Seismic Demand Index of Structure ly shall be by following eeaton In eee ofthe 2" andor 3 level seeing metho applied, Ia = 080-200 a Where: 2Z + Seismic zone coefficient given in Table 62.22 of BNBC93 7 : Struc inporance coefficient given in Table 62.23 of BNBC 93 : Numerical coefficient piven by the rlason, C1258", '§: Site coefficient for sl characterise, 7: Fundamental pried of vibration in seconds, the ‘value of need not exceed 2.75 ‘The proposed Seismic Demand Index of Suucture to meet the condo of BNBC 93 is derived using same concep ofthat of BNBC 2015, Example: In ease of 2% and 3! level screening of fy for medium height ypical RC buildings is ‘aleulatedas flows, Zone2(Dhsks) Jos 080% 041-033 Z=015, Zone 3 (Sylhet) lo = 0.80 0.69 0.¢=235) $8 @=02,1=10,0*278) 2C'S 2042: 3) 20a2z.1-Cy ‘This equzement is shown to provide minimum strength frames at ulimate deformation and to contr maximum Duct index, which #20. ‘Where: C,, = Cumulative srengh inde at the ukimatedaforation of structure. §, = neguaniy index 1.7. TARGET PERFORMANCE AND JUDGMENT The iarget of seismic perfrmance of a building ater veofit should Be desided by considering the existing condition and usage of the building, cos of reoiting and compliance of BNBC. Seismic index lorsuucure afer the reo satisfies the following equation W2@ lo The guideline (Exp. 12-1) ‘Where: a= Design and construction coefficient (0-12) ‘ig Seismic demand index of structs, as shown in Seton 1-6 In cate that simi index of suuctue J s squalor greater than seismic demand index J, then the seismic performance ofthe building is judged equivalent toa building designed and constructed based on NBC 2018, «= design and constuction coeficint (1.0-1.2) is intoduced. Incase thatthe assessment of eof designs andlor retrofit construction i ic, itis suggested to use a withthe value of more than 10. “This value will be reconsidered afer the accurmlation of design and construction of retrofit buldings in Bangladesh near fare C (Strength index) and F (Duetliy index relation can show the basic seismic performance ofa building. For example, as shown in Figure 17.1, (A) A sample building with low strength concrete, which sno ductile, in Zone 2 (Dhaka, say J,= 0.1. Aer retrofit by strength oriented ‘meth like (), wil be inereased more than 0.30 (C-F = 0.30.0) fo soil type SC, and 0.36 for soi ‘ype SD. After revoit by dutty oriented method like (D, J wil be more than 0.30 (C: F=0.15+20) for sil ype SC and 0.36 fr sol ype So. Assuming Sin his example. It is rmpbasied that the seismic performance ofa building i expressed by the malpication of C (strength index) and F (dutty dex) a each storey and in each horizontal direction of a building. The function of C¥F = constant shows byperoli earve a shown in gue 17. As fr asthe safety aginst vertical loa, this manual doesn't cover and shall be evaluated at the same time based on BNBC. ee \ opescarss damp ae ne eet “amr pooh Same) Diy de, Figure 1.7.1 Examples of the Change of Selsmie Performance of Buildings 18Chaoter Genera LLB PROCESS OF RETROFIT DESIGN [Rett design sal be dane io tho saquonce of revo plan, baste Gig, detail dig and asses lor raroi. This proces shall be continued until the seismic index of suet / alr the eto sass he seismic demand index of structure ‘As sated in Section 1.4 of the Guidlines, the process of roft plan, basic design, del design and assessment of refit willbe required as shown in Figre 1... This proces sal be repeated, Until the seismic index of terre J afer the revo satisfies the seismic demand index of stuctre I. AS fa a the yout of reoft members, architectural and M/E requirement will be coordiate. Resi Semi Eatnton { Rewtt Serre Ensen _] Concent of Ratt a aa equa voume eet {jut of tet meander v ough coat ertnate v Retottmanter eign v Evaluation of weigtincease Vv (Clan ts / | ‘Sekmieevaluston evott pan Baxcdesan Det desan Figure L81. Typical Flow of Retrofit Design 19 RUTLDING SURVEY GSaceet ts ae ae ‘arden to deelop Tarot denn and constuction plan, adUiional balding survey Sall be done 4Chapter General ‘Standard proces of building desl serve, sesmic evaluation and rewoit design is shown in Figure 1.9.1 Deal bulding survey to prepare structural and architectural as-built drawings shall be required prior 10 the proest of seismic assessment, sine exiting dawings are not nacesurily show as bit conditions. Material ests inching concrete core and re-bar sampling sal also be required for stsmic evaluation nd reo deen Praline larg suv Det tng eavey >| semi vaason aneusgrart Pastoral sveyterekost >| Sem reat dein end dgnent Figure 19.1 Standard Technical Fow of Retrofit Design ‘Table 1.9.1 Contents of Building Survey | typeof Sunes Opjectives Survey tes Preliminary ‘Visual observation to understand (General survey af the building such a5 rae | enoenier mec Toamniytbocomentsof daa” | TaDbet of uy, for ara; as, of survey. To study the applicability. ae erred SSeenonsanos ant” | Sei ares retrofit design guideline. a Dentnney | SESceemnee rey | nese pee ofthe building | fenoft design To survey the Th mens os of tlldng are an ‘with design ‘dimensions of structural frames, Com ping ars ammo ct a muse | Gemomslamenaltoms, Secrcee minor configuration of column tes and | (trata aging Uy estat tt Serene mane cmstn Sfiirin eran | Ayre ie os = ‘Additional | Tooelopreoft design of mente | Corson with te operon wok, Det Se | gg | oneal peg asset eee sip develops [Note 1) Non-destrutve te such as rebar detector wil be wed forthe checking of rar amengement of colums, but ts revommended ro expose re-bas for afew columns, because rebar deeor cannot ‘measure the sie of rebar accurately.Chapter I. ene (0) Use ofe-bar deecoe (Position of-bar (o Exposure ofrebar (@ Ceneree core sampling (@) Sampled coneret core (© Compre es (HBR)(Chapter 1. Genera {@)Nonstik grout mona and boning age or sir (y) Ret rest after che removal of plaster (Exposure of foundation (ate wring elma i upgeted) (© Drain pipe and elosrca cables on cotunmn —__() Shear strength test of brick wall (Not: wearing helmets suggested) Figure 19.2 Various Survey and Test at a Bulling ite ”haste 4. Genera 110. CONSTRUCTION OF RETROFIT WORK Te consracto nelatng materials of eof work sal conform othe Manual for real consructon) work by CNCR? and related provisions of BNBC. 1) The construction including materials of retrofit work often involves inxperexced and nonstandard items compareé with the construction of a new building Expeimens in pan prove tht the load-carrying expacity and deformation capacity ofthe members those have been strengthened largely tes of pstinsalled|Chapter General (1) Iverton of now RC wall ” & (a) Re-bar and concreting week: (@) Now-shrink grout mortar work done Sth top of wal orion ©) Providing steel fame brave z (6) Boctinsalled anchor work (@) Deal of joint beoveen steel frame and 2 (6) Erected steal famed baco (9 Pressured non-sbrink mortar routing ‘he opi pyro ‘Figure 1.10.1 Construction of rtroft work 19(Chapter 1.Gencal {LIL SUGGESTED MODIFICATION OF JAPANESE STANDARD FOR BANGLADESH [The Summary of modifications of Tepanese Standard (Guidelines Yor Ws application im Bangladesh shown in Table 11.1 “Modifications of Japancse standard and guidelines for ts aplication in Banglades are summarized in ‘asle L111, with espect to A: General, B: Ductlity index, C: Suengi index, D: Lnegliy inex, E: (Quliy magento ot work and F Others. I$ noted that proposed numerical values have besa cowider based on the present best knowledge, but are txative values and twill eed further ‘earchlexperimen forthe verification! modifieation n Bangladesh, ‘Table ILL. Sopgested Modifications of Japanese Standard forts Appleation i Bangladesh (©) denotes rumericl values shown are tentative suggestion and neods further reserchexperiment for ‘varies modiieation a Bangladesh, swacrete) em Japan “Bongos "The Sandid fr Sins ‘Simic Brana Mabul nd Stee Revit Design valor of Exiting RC ‘Manual of Exisig RC Bulings (CNCRP) Tide | Baling, Guitine fr Scismic Revolt Design of Existing RC Bulings 2001 GBDPA). Genera 1. Sas Re Sul aliens” Tees Recent 2 Levelol | FP and level wreening | 2 and 7 level erening method 2 level serening ‘miedo is manly eed | screening method is applied, which is stable and acta fo buldings level Serening tol i nat ed for be jude Rett, Chg.) ry ‘in sng a scred by he | Many biking a towing ENC, wh sine baiting, ‘wing iw atconstaton, | mana i200 Dt baling rey eu, ‘Seengih ofeanre cre = (evel Cap.) ‘Average standard deviation!2, | C)Stengh ofconcree ca (No hss) 10mm amet in gene, | Coesteagh ge overt a of ne 2d eh oft ae dvi hy 5 maybe dir x 50mm dnote geval fr cluee Rel ACL a2 ls Agpesions | Conran F notes tan | Concesegth nt tn Nm CCoocrete strength | 13.5Nimmn® Solow srg | Redon ctr Frc shar senghin cae of conse seh over te 35 Ni (Chap 2) Seen ndex of strc TeEsSoT TEST, syetthiexe Ooch)‘Chapter 1. General Tem pan ‘Bangla “Scie demand | Seo aad index farce | C) roped Ta for 208 Tee ene inact, |b 2 i to B= 08022:1:6, I, £200 csi demand index of | 8% fai reapns ser fe cone!) es ZS ecient eal Sion peoeesreceans 21542 of BNBCIOIS (E06 fr dadlevelscering | Stirs importance ecaceraiccescnse | C Nominal wean egos pen, Seema ih sa finten osu (tin pod ee et ene Ug index : aereIeieee one (Dhak) da ght RC ings ews easy | 2196. ta 08" 036° 030 2-02 10, C-2895) Ex Tamar seen | pfs 045-036 (2-02 Ml 0.C2397) Zone Sy ds pt RC ings — {ea 9, = 08206055 2-036, 0.0289) Sy Mepctyinder & Sil SD, lg= 095081065 2-036 10,673.31 oe "SD, La=O8008-085 (2-036, 10,673.39) IMigrise nc in Tokyo, | c,.s,20e2x210, J)" 06% 1.0+1.011.0- 0.6 3 “a G-u-10) Cy = Canale srenptindr the te tortion of race Sy egy ne {Gp 16a Spent A) | Yada ae Jn 80 5m Baa | a Se el Ey confit lO ean constant penis Staiipraio [6923232 ote Sims set | NSC GNA lows dplsenent contin’ pce “This inmotied “Enea conta | er, Suplanet Al ad 3) eae Balaton of | Ra Ray ‘racine Revo Salen A) Docly inden | Rap HC2Qu/0eht) | QL incase tv of bop, $100 hain (A183) RIB 4 | 075. (1+0058,, 72, Ted] Seng ened daciy | Sug and vite iid els oan ley recreation wl | (Deity renter vs re defrmaton d ese thy column ae outed be oie, beam ‘Stone jot nyto ror land ‘ey ek al eregoret ober {Thre wnt be cand Reo Chap 21) aChaparral ep Banglades | Upper init of «formation capacity 1 Coin aia farce ratio NOD) ad Duet nde, Be Dacity Clu ster > 100m N@DFJ>04,F-=10 Cole enter 100m, N@D2,>05,F-10 NQF SO6iempliabe 2, De Colum with nd dep Fseaneraestengh 1: Axil ree witht on tr (WODA)<04 scanmon) onli) = Bie forstylR> 02 (A12-2) [() Ordinary conerete @ 183 Ninn) Incase hl shar reinforcement of eirn by BNBC, 21Omuna Sound Phe reinfrcment rio) 2 02% = Nb: D-F.)<05S,F=127 (so R= USD), NODE, 12055, F~ 1.0 (an R= W150). Ince ht she reife ahr anes, (DF) 208, F= 10(aim R= 1180, Fr bath cases Wb DF) 208, F=08, Toiseds rer consideration, (*) Lom strength conerete (13. Nis) Jn cae hat shar reinforcement 2 10mg 200m sstsid or P= 015% 04 Nb-D-F,) <6, F=127 ain R= 1/50), WKODE.)206, P= 10(aim R= 1250, ase ht shear reinfrcomet is ote as DAN (ODE ).F> 10 (een R= 1250) Fer both cases N(® DF, )2 08, F= 05, (im R“1/500 Toisneds rte consderaton, (Considering te rest by CNCRP in 2012 an 2013 (Utimaedetomationepacity of 1/100 fo N(@DF)=058 and eginering lame! Reef, Soppleeat A3) Column xi capacity ot long tam is cesked by BNBC (Paced oa P= 0890 (085 eA, 7) Average of de an ive od tes LAS, (6) (No change (Reo, Supplement Ad) eal futha onidetion reed o BNBC. iio wis Caw @)™ Rar p> 139% F= 10 (Elan, Suppanat Revo, Spperen’ 4) oop) wai29) (PNo change Ref Supplement A4) 1k needs fier consideration resed to. BNAC. Requirement of 26) shown fx Spi moment frame of ACIS TS Cer pan and ep aio Beall Re fek/DELd (A120) (@) No concrete dancing wall Bruton of Wak standing Wall se nett. (Reroft, Supplement AS)Chapter 1. Genera aad (@) iti sr far of short ef doe ick ‘ani wal as ot een a, per nif clan ‘Ordinary concrete, F= 15 (ain ef sey cefleston angle, 1/24) ~1.78 (1100) {ow strength concrete (F< 18SNie), P= 127 eens) 180/08) Incase tat shea rnfrcementrati P festa it lesthan 0.2% the wre of salle Fafabove wed. (According wo seul st by CNCRP i 2012 and ‘Shear let toeydtestion angle of 1/10 and mare [nelly incase of low tna ence. Suggested ‘als lly overestimated copra the aio Sength increas duet bik standing wall) (Supplement A2) a safety has boo oie ee tea lara joint oper imi of columa Flowing used ‘Ordinary coneret, mat. P= L7S aime story election angle, R100) Low strength conerite, max. F= 15 (R-1/28) (According til elation, ea fle osc at eam sun joi incase few stength conte, On| ‘ether hand sid ut sear fare of eas ‘elu join eur at /100 ofl ection ale erly) (Reo, SapplanatA7) (@)Retution of Dest nde: of column, Feonpared vith 35 degree oak wed, roped oe eno ‘edocs ser enicement x "OP ns of 90 dese nok (Reo, Sop A) (Exiting onesie sng lover thn 155 Nin, tno! es than 80 Nino lowing ised Standard Intro conection method F150 ot es. Epory tsi enecton method: F=1.27 ores (Ref, Chap. 33) (C) ised edie 10% af tral soca of ‘lua tenaely, incase of strength const of hich bond sae slow: (Rett, Cop. 34) tem Japon Short col | Brat Dati index (Shear faire) | comiderig short ealur cased by wed ty andy | RCstaning wal ‘wll and Dues | Shea failure evar, F= 1.0 index 30) Exeenly bite column, P= 038, 1200) ‘Or ovis to RC stnding walt revert sho ‘tenn. Beam column Nevpecife require jointand Duity | (Danage ofbeam coum ons Inder | very rat in apn Beene of | slave large column se.) “90 dee ok | Retain of Diy deaf ofcohumn ie | eam, F compared wit 3S tnd Dctlity | dapecook suggested [tase ‘Rents | Ow afseope fer Tow seth famedtricefor | ewcrete strngh conte fame CeStrengt Tan main-bar] Neapcifiorenremen. td low eng 2 Dermal tar, Nospeioveqiremsat soar pan sien ao anon) SsShortanchor [Nowpelereqakenent Jeng offeam ‘nena coluna ‘Cy isrequred ores He weg ase ofthe ombinton of defame bar, srength ogre and hear spe oun dep to QD) =30, ‘onsiering the bon aie (vast, Supplement) abo lng of beams in bar aan extra ‘alum ssippos sued reduce 25% nd mas. 50 fethin dept sarn st 250m) af xual sre of th aura by 2 lel scening (Chap 21) Sir cndtn of Ff appli 23Sepa ‘Benge ‘Concee | Conse wang ofeising | () Right bs aseptable ture average cones Seng ot | column portion i sed fa the | atengh ef esting nd atonal portion proprtenl © Sicksed column | srengh etalon of jotted | ir ston aren fr the caleuiion of esa stoengh of sot, cotunn.| (Eising concrete is ener ow sength and siz of existing eau gee small) Need farther study and nvestizon, egal Index Slated i 1. Piai Gof] Frauaton of Pia Gat story) | (-)Evalain of Pi Got sory ecltao bik wall | sre reed RC wal isrequrel” | treqired (Remft, Chapter 22) E: Quality management of retro work 1. Qa sont Reva desig dln, Chap] Sete mam, Consrsoo cnet manal of REWOE| ‘4, Const feta wack | work (Rear, Cap 110) FiOthers T Aimefsorey | epee mabsivin lop | *)Nocange setecton angle | storey election angle sted of | Result of experiment by CNCRP en 2012 and 2013 is tandrdesamn appa. 1150. | shown sow fr into, (Ref, Supplement ‘Utne detec angle of RC | AZ) shear wall appro. 1250 ‘Story elstion angle st yld of standard clu, ‘Unite "deeton angle of pox. 1/100 ccxtremely ie column, approx | Store defection angle at max sung with high ai soo ferceratiolow seth cence) apex. 1100 Storey deflection angle sear flere of RC wll, appr 1200 Storey deecton angle of max, sng of el med beac, approx 1200, Further accrbltion of eed dairies, ‘Nee ACT 37803 (Seen Enon of xing Concrete Buildings), the See S11 ACI ISR 4 (Commenuty o Building Code Reguirement fe Suc! Concrete) ‘ACI 214.4805 (Guide i Obssinng Cores and ltepretngConpesion Strength Resi), See 62CHAPTER 2, PLANNING ANDBASIC DESIGN 2 PLANNING OF RETROFIT 24.1 General [asic policy to mest the demand sein parfmance By improving srengih ander dctliy of te bling is defined In ation, optimum retrofit method that mets denund performance is selected. An ‘overall study is conducted at the plnning stage cosiering the building Function afer retrofit and [sorta of rezoitconstucton as well as performance upgrading by sisi retrofit. 21.2 Classteation of Retroft Method “Retrofit method and system forthe sami improvements casified as shown in Figur 21-1 Strength improvement ce ditty improvement is adopted forthe revofit generly. Avoidance of damage ‘concetaton i also iapoiant fr the plan of retrofit. Reduction of seismic force suchas Base isolation ‘nd Vibration contol as not been covered in this manual, but related infomation is shown in “Supplement B7” fo information only. ‘Seng improvanet RC wall Ja] set famed bce Ll cota aking (exten jacking tel portion) Se L [carton ter wring Tron fcc fies on ‘voice ofdamage [>| Improvement of ato chaste i ee Reduonofeomic fase po Weghedcicn fe [improvement or tnuze mice Seal §, | Remon! of pe Noor Figure 21.1 Clasifiation of Retrot Method! Sytem forthe Selsale ImprovementChapter 2_Planlngand Basi Desig 2A Phan of Retrofe Following fctrs are considered for planing of roi 1. Defective storey based on the result of seismic evaluation, especially the strength index C end ‘uctlity index of each storey and each dreton, and regularity inde Sy 2. Defining demand performance 5. Limitation of retrofit such a5 characteristics of existing trace, bailing fneton usage, coe, time and ease of consiruction 4. Pervert tho tage resonable prance 5. Baimtion of required volume of revit 6 Layout of tbe retrofit members ‘7 -Jalue and C value and thar smooth vertical dntbution aftr thereto 5: Impact on existing foundation 214 Recommendation Generally it canbe said that both stregsh and ductility of exiting RC buildings in Bangladesh ae not enough To improve the ductility ofa building, almost all columns will be required to retrofit t lower ‘oor. twill allow large defection of frames and may caute damage of brick walls, notstrctral clement, In this manual, ts recommended 1 apply stength oriented retrofit and to reduce storey deflection of fiames as shown in Figure 21.2, which will also reduce the in-plane damage of brick walls, ‘non-structural elements. Strength inprovement methods such as providing RC wall, sel famed brace ‘viet connetion type) and column jacketing ar inroduce in Chapter 3 If ductility oriented reoft is applied, almost all columns at lower storey may be required to be rerofited. The possibilty of shear failure at beam column joint is high a large deletion. On the ther hand retrofit method at bear cola joint i practically difficult, In aditon big deflection of inlet ‘rk wall in plne wl require sore countermesrues. stg lege Seqastesinsge ayes | Hovey oocyte Figure21.2 Recommended Retrofit Plas for Existing RC Buildings 28Chapter 2. Planingand Bask Design 22. BASICDESIGN 2.2.1 General The rue seine prone of real dened y difeenceBawees We demand PeTorRARe] sod the performance of existing building. Arrangement of the revo elements planed based on the ‘timated amount of revo elements obtained from expected performance of selected revoit method. Wen planing the auangeneuts of ert element, scinmie balance and influence onthe building function iso be considered 22.2 Requlred Quunthy of Reroft Incate of srength oriented strctirs required suength of revo is estimated as shown in Figure 22, the shortage of strenght intended dest index is calculated as fllows sn Where, AC: Shortage of Seng Index at ith storey ‘AQ, Shortage of Shear Strength at ith storey 2 Total building weight supported by ith storey 89) =ac, «2%; HE Reciprocal of soy maison fcae F : Intended Duty Index fr revo sls: Target Sits Index of Structure for reat [yj Seismic Index of Strut a ith storey before retoit (Equation 8) ofthe. Standard) Siegal Index before and afer stot 1.17: Time Index before and ater revo Source; Hantook feat siting desig of sre JSCA in pn aa “T ‘Scent Indes, ©Chapter 2._Planing and Das Design ‘A Sample Table for required strength calculation: Requied horizontal strength Qy for eetofi, intended Duct index Fafter the rarofit is calelated as shown in Table 2.1.1 (1) The Japanese Staind 0 sw | sor) Inet 0 gly Eatin 27 Reuied coefficient, | Onafter roof, ao dona le | met ts ogy, | ME ae FST | wel FS, Te ay) er To FeSo(ater | 0) om | Py revo) @ oy awonte jaan | - o aw 22.3, Required Amount of Rerone [Nomher af RC wale or Stel rice with fame i requir to he etna Rauigh var arangth af ane set of RC wal and one set of scl bracing is calculted with reasonable assumption as fllows, to get ‘some idea of reiting. 4) Rewoit by RC wal [Assuming the increase of shear strength by the installation ofthe RC wall, required rough ttl length of shear walls alulated as follows. 20, aap 2) u ‘Whar, Lj Required total length of addtional RC wall at th storey .Q: Reuied shear tenth for eso at ith storey 4: Thess of RC wall for reetit Shor stress of shear wal a ulate stage 28(Chapeer2._Plaaingand Basie Design ‘An example of supposed shear suength of RC wall is shown in Table 2.2.2 The configuration is shown in Figure 2.22 In this example, al clear length is suppoted to be 500mm and concrete strength is 18N/mm?. For the del of ealeustion, refer to Section 3.1 of the Guideline. Average shear sess + (Nim) of wal panel is shown for information. Ducility Index F of RC wall with shear flu i 1.0 j____j aol Anchor shear srengh fot led ch rele to Chager 35 “Ot Shesrsrengh af RC wal fer to Caper 3.2- [ie Figure 22.2 RC Wall for Retrofit ‘Table 222 Shear Strength of RC Wall Panel by Retrofit [rr [awomensoawaen [waminee 5, Seeman eoslyt i rent | foe iy) |e I men [oe [emmy [ome [ae ms Tne [ae ‘Note: 1)L= $50, lar lng of wall 2 Conese strength of val, F, =18Nimn, and existing members, IRN me? 3) Rebar, = 400M? 4) Non-srnk marear wil be provided atthe top of wal with pit preventing rebar. In case that existing concrete strength i Nima’, fllowing post installed anchor is recommended, ‘based onthe clelation of Seton 3.5. ‘Table 22.3. Shear Strength of Post Installed Anchor (in Case Conerete Strength fs 14N/Mtm") ‘Wal Bicknes (am) Post inslled anor | ancbr .(8N) 1-160 ‘nig00 [Teo ‘iimmaisd [2170 i= 700 ‘exon 150—— [2170 ‘orimnai?s | 20 ts noted hat shear strength of RC wall wl be decided by the port installa anchor a the connection in ‘ase of ow strength conereeof existing structure. ‘Shear strength of in-filled shear pane (ony for he panel in he ler wit) bythe J Guidlines, Column strength s exclude in this calelation, Qe = 0829 yr Fgy 120205: PyigMy yl (3.154) Tes. cud 9Chapter2._Plnningand Basi Design Wee Po = wal freemen aia il strength fhe wall refers arn) ‘Fey = Concrete strength of the installed panels (N/mm’) {Wall hicks nd clear spn of installed wal uel (a) 2) Steel raed brace Suposng the incr ft shear strength by providing ss! race wi ame, eqied munber of stl race roughly ated slows 204 x Pu ree ‘Whee, Regie shea stegh fri, Qu: nr shar stn of ne set fel ce ‘As arte member of tel bracing icone the we of H sexton member, auch at H-150 «150 10 and mare ecommend inthe Sexton of he Gudtines. Te aerate proposed in thi sana tthe chan! scsonoconbiation of tw es of age stn, Unless proper tnd ‘nd quality of but welding sensed, he conection of gue pte ype shuld be applied te jon ‘sing filet wedng ot Dimeson of pial fame i sown below gue 225). For dl ‘alsin of ste aed brace, refer to Secon 3. of ths manu ocking prevention h | Te Compressive antes seg often member pec, rer X se Chapter 33 Figure 22.3. An Example of Steel Framed Brace “Table 22.4. Shear Strength of Stel Framed Brice Settncne | Potintiie | Hedland) | C:compeize [Tease | Seraph (8) en seam |awegingsy | (ee tbame T1000 HO | éamaso emma HO] 1099 too [150 [e200 st00 10 | (= 01) 210010013 | eismmaiso [een 10 | 193) Tae [i (cam sto0s19) | (Qe23000 aLi0=e=2 [ezinmalrs [Eerie Te | 17 veo (3300 (C20 130919) | (@=260009 [Not 1) Yield stres, «= 345Nm or equivalent mater 2) Effective arca of 80% by bolting hoes was supposed for he caleulaon of tension strength 3) Concrete suength of exiting members, F= {SN ‘4 Non-strink grout mortar i provided a the perimeter, with split prevention rebar. Ie is noted that shear strength of steel bracing will be decided by the post installed anchor atthe ‘connection in ease of ow strength concrete, which smile to RC wall. ‘Docs index F of Sel braced fame is inthe range of 15-2. generally Ey‘Chapter 2. Planingand Basic Design LA Nom Structural Brick Wall [ei wellknown that exiting brok walls, which are non-structural clement, fet the behavior of te sirusire, But sructural behavior is not well known and the quanitaive evaluation is sill not well established Existing brick wall will fet the stiffness and strength ofthe frame. Ths may have postive ane egaive impact on the sructre ‘Shox column Shor column is caused by brick standing wal nd his may cane brite Kile of vluams, Howeve! strength orcad revofit will rice the response defection and will reduce this influence of shot columns Soft storey (plots) ‘An important aspect for retrofit related to brick wall isa buling withthe Sot story, o pilots lor. the ground flor is a cr parking with no brick walls and I* lowe and above are fr residential or office ‘se with plenty of infill walls, then the ground flor will be judged as the sft story. In case of en ‘earthquake, amge wll be concentrated atthe sft story. Schematic picnze of collapse ofa sot story is ‘shown in Figure 2.24 In thi cae, recommended strongly to eof he sft story. For quantatve assessment it 6 suggested to do execute ime history response analysis based on resting fee characteristics of RC frames incorporating assumed increase of stiffness and strength by trict walls Sof storey Figure 224 Schematic Petre of Collapse ofa Sot Storey (Pilots) Escentrcity In ese of eccentricity caused by brick wall adequate, rewoit measures shouldbe taken to prevent the ot of eccentricity a(Chapler2._ Planning and Bae Design 225 Exiacton from the Structural Experiment 2013 by CNCRP Seuctual experiments on retofited members were dane by CNCRP in 2013, The summary of the experiment is shown inthe atachal Supplement 2 Simplified monotonic loud defetion curve ie shown. in Figure 22.Sand 2.2.6 Low strength concrete (F. ~10.6N/n) with colamn axial force ratio (7D. of 68 was used, Poor shear reinforcement was provided in the columns. 5) Retrofit by RC wall and ste famed brace By providing RC wall (pecimen n0.5) or stel famed brace (specimen na6), sear stength ofa fame canbe increased by reuofting. After shear fre ofthe wal tel frames brace the column could not suppor vertical toad any longer cue to shear fare, wiih s brie innate. The reason of his ture was due 10 litle shear reinforcement and high axial fore ratio of the weak columa. It will be recommended to provide column jackating roger with RC wall of ste braced fame to inerease deformability of columns. In case existing columns are aot so weak, culm jacketing will not be quired to astall RC wal rstel framed brace. tnt tek jr) Mrs oe) ‘Pus yin?) at tone cena a) "pe Ni cae a om) n= Figure 22.5. Simple Lood-Defection Curve with Retrefited Specimens 22(Charter2_Plnning nd Basi Design {Nonstructural brick wall Specimen wit rick standing val of No; (2013) and 2012 Nod show the reduction of deformation and increase ofstength Sher failure of column occurred ad the deop of vertical strength occured atthe ‘sam tne, Spoimen Nod with brickswall and without opening showed the inrease of strength but deformability mas reduced. In this ese, ot of plane movement of brick wall has not been considered Tt willbe effetve to contol the storey deflection angle of RC fame within 1180 incase of low strengh Concee, and within 1/100 in ease of diary conerte, to prevent the in-plane fre of nonstrutunt bok wal ‘Axil fore: Specimen No.1-Nos,(b-D-F.)= 068, (F.~10.6Nnm?, N“163KN) Specimen 2012-Nod, 5, Wifb-D-F,)= 044 (Fo10 6Nimm?, W=1634N) Note: Masking: ¥ denotes pint of “Drop in vertical strength -y dente pint of ‘Shear fue” se aace09 eng =nnta Scum ore comm com) aes Figare 22.6 Simplified Load-Deflection Curve with Brick Wall SpecimensaCHAPTER 3. RETROFIT DESIGN OF MEMBERS AND FRAMES 31 INTRODUCTION [Retro design of members and frames aro done tad onthe sus carastaisis by the wcanmet land the target of the improvement of strength ductility and ireulrity of the building. Following methods are recommended 0 apply generally. wall, Stel famed brace and RC jacketing fr column _| Resrofit method and system are introduced in Chaper 2. Following: are typial methods of retrofit Resrofit dssign of members and frames are done subje: to the conditions, such as requted strength, ucilty and irzeglaiy. 1 Installing RC wall 2) naling RC wing wall, 43) Column a) RC jacking () Ste plate jacketing (c) Carbon ier wrapping 4)Isallng Stel famed brace 5) Beam strengthening (6 Foundation szengtbening 7) Nonstructural elements (components) §8) Post istled anchor 11 nto be noted that above method 1), 2) and 4) ae use to increase strength generally. Method 3) (a) and 3) (ae wed for both strength and ductility inrease Method 3) cis wed fo increase dutty. tis recommended to increase suengt of members and fam of buildings as stated in Chapter 2. I this ‘manual, 1) RC wal, 4) Stee! framed brace (in-dreteomnection method), 3) RC jackting fr column, snd 8) post.nstalled anchor are intoduced, Refer to the Japanese Guidelines fr methods not covered i 32 INSTALLING RE WALLS. 321 Outline |Reofit by installing shear wall isto install new RC wall andor repace existing brick wall with RC wall in oxdr to incense horton load carving capacity of existing building. This is stengihoremted reo. Post installed anchors ae used for the connection of new RC wall wih exiting RC frames, |Nom-srik grou mortars used a the op of new RC wall generally. Rebar preventing split of concrete iat wed asChapter 3. Revol Des of Members and Frames 1) Fallure mode of RC wall Following flue modes of Figure 32.1 ae contdered with rapect to stengthand dutty of RC wall and alums. Duct index is evaluated based on the type of failure. Connection flues not desirable ‘esate of its rite nature = = i — + (o) seer tatie of wat (©) Connection fre (Prt tare = (Shae ao aa colann 0 ya Figure 32.1. General Behavior of RC Wal ‘Source: “Handbook of Barhqate Resistant Dzign of Sacre JSC, Japanese) igre odd fom ractarl experiment 2013 by CNC. "tis noted that flre mode of () shear fire of wall and column has occurrecbecause of weak column. (See the structural experiment by CNCRP 2013). This is very brite failure without uci. Storey deletion angle at bet flue of RC walls evaluated as proximately 1/250 in apen, bt according to the same structural experiment by CNCRP tis was approximately 1/200, ease of slender size of columns, (Refer to Supplement A2). 322 Target Performance sialations of shear walls ate designed so thatthe capacity of revofited bulding meets the demand capacity. Strength is evaluated considering the failure mode of shear wall, boundary fame or upli strength of wal Expected stengih of nfl shear walls «= 0.25 F, (8 the avaage shear rss of ‘wall in clear span of columns, Fe compresive strength of existing concrete) in case of wals without opening. Difereat ductility is expected due to the failure mode, Duility Index Fi set as follows. In| ss of midis bigs, sear flue mde apd eral le made ae generally conte, (0) Shear failure mode 10 (i) Pexure failure mode vw MO-20 (i) Foundation uplift mode 1030 ) Shene wall ‘The ductility index ofa shear wall should be defined as 10 38oe Revo Design of Members md Frames ©) Feral wat “he yn of Bru ol sub ced by Eq (9) he 1 Std aon he Invinof he shar sang othe sh fect era eng of wall MyQaleQa=10then F= 10 WH yQu/vQae2 1.3 then F = 2.0 (in case of wall without columas , 11105, 40.13 thn P shld be eae by nepaaton were Qu= Ultimate shear strength of the wall, calculated by Eq.(A2.1-2) in the Supplementary Provisions of] Stata ‘wOeu= Shear force at the flexural strength of the wall, calculated according to tbe item 3.2.2 (2) (¢) ‘ithe Sand Teton ptf wall see. ex seenghof al shld be elated edn Soper A21,1 of, Sad Mo 4,209 o9055 (05°89) O50 (8m) (aa.-oft Sons re: Fl ai cea beter cohms nc othe Wall 2,5 Cot nal ae of te euler ars of boundary coum and the voi enforsing a ne al eps) d= Vd eg feel icing br of body nd the vei ‘reinforcing bars inthe wal, respectively (N/mm) {p= Dror went cnr ft indy ane fe wal am) 5) (3) 6f5.Stniard S24 Ukiate Strength of Clam () Ulimate ecural strength (6) The ultimate flexural strength of column shall be calulted with Equation (A 1-1 of, Standard) For Nyu2N>04b-D Fe atte g D+ 0-0 For 048-D-R2N>0 M, 080-4,-D+05v-D- For 0>N2 Naw My= 084-0 D+0AN-D (Al. of J Saniard) Whee: ‘Nw = Axial compresive strength =b-D- Fay 50S) Noe = Axial eile steng N= Axial force 09. 44, = Total ros sectional ares of esl reinforcing bars (ma 4, = Total cross sctioal ares of reinforcing bars (ms) B= Columa width am, D_— = Cohuma depth a. = Yield strength of enforcing bas (Nim), Fe = Compressive strength of concrete (Nim) (b) The mal layered reinforcement shal e considered in using Equation (AL.I-1 of. Standard), (6) Incaleulting the ultimate lexral strength of columns, another elelation method such as based on. igi-platc theory may be wed instead 3er, Rerof Design of Merb nd Frames (2) Unimate shear strength (4) Uitiate shear strength of colutns shal be calculted wih Equation (AI. 1-2 of. Standard), senate ij (A120 Standard) Py = Tensile enforcement ratio (4). Pe = Shear reinforcement ati, ps ~ 0.012 for 2 0012 Gy ~ Yield strength of shear enforcing bars (Niu. c= Axial stress in column (Nm), 7 @ he J Eun pneu Sonn may bape = ‘iar spun nga Deilraeis = cea tg of tn Dis ve cent coment eft ae 80. (©) Ifthe vale of M (Qa is ess than unity or greater than 3, the value ofA (Qc) shal be unity 5 respectively in using Equation (A.1-2). And ifthe value of os greater than 8Nimm the vale of ce shall be 8N/mm in sing Equation (AL.1-2) 324, Strength ofin-Flled RC Wall (2) Shear strength of wall (.0) Shear strength of wall fa unted wall is calculated. In ation to his, shear strength is calulated fom ‘the comparison of failure mode of shear wal pane and connetion 8 follows, Qn= min (Ons Qn +2--Q-,Q,%y0e% 0-03 The. Guidelines (modified 3.1.5.3) Whee, Qn = Shear strength of shear walls Qs ® Shea tenth of infled shear pane (only forthe pane prt inthe lear height and with) Q —_=Sumof he shar suengh of connectors underneath he bes. 1. =Direct shear strength atthe top ofa column. Q —~Smale vale ofthe other column between the shen force atthe yielding and shear strength. @ = Reduction factor in consideration of the deflection condition to allow for loud bearing contribution of columa(?}. Following value can be used, in case without dele ty. 1.0- inthe case of hex flue of columns 0.7 in the case of leur failure Gu ~Shoarsuength as united shar wall with columns (Geis ealeulated as fllows, 6 Shea reo teferrl ying, Q = 24M, H-and compres cea (9 withthe eng of column Q, smaller vl ie. 3Chapter 3 Reis of Menbers ad Frames (2) Shear strength asa united shear wal with columns 0.053p,""08+ F) 2. +085 YP. 0, +00) -b, J, for MH so12 a @o re 1 7 Figore3.22 Wall with Boundary Columas (Ref, The J. Standard Fig. A21-1) Where Pe = 1002-2): Equivalent tesle enforcement ati (%). 14) = Crocs sectional ara of the flexural reinforcement ofthe boundary column inthe tension side of wal 1 =Wall eng. All: Equivalent thickness of the wall YEA ~Cross setonl aa ofthe wall ‘Bo= al(bs)™ Equivalet ata enforcement ratio (0, ‘yy = Cross setional av of pir ofthe lateral reinforcement and its spacing, respectively q)_ = Yield suengt of he lateral reiforcing bar. n= Wilby: Axial tes The da shall be nt greter than SN. je ~Distnce between the cetoid of tension and compression ores, nd may be taken at der Lor |MiQ. ~ Incase of no special study, the inflection height off /2 canbe applied, which i described in the section 3.2.2 ofthe standard (6) Shear strength of ln-filled shear wall pane (only forthe pane! in he clear height and width) = 9% 5, Fl 008: yay 6.154) the Guidelines Where: os 08, = Wall elaforcrent ratio an ye strength ofthe wall enforcing bar (Nim) F._= Concrete stengnof the installed panels (Nm) tle= Wall tikes nd cles spn oft wal panel (sx)(Chanter 3._Retot Design of Meer and Frames (4 Direct shear strength of olumns 102 Kou t'beD ‘Te Guidelines 8.155) Where Kon ©0384 (82 +a/D). fe 2098 +0.1F4 + 08Seincase0< ¢<0.33 F-2.75 0.22 y+ 048e incase 0.33 Fy-2.75 <0 066 Fy 0.6 Fy ineas0 0.65 Fico b= Effective width of columns resisting aguist the direct shear force considering the connected members in the orthogonal dietion, D_~Depthof columns resisting against the direct sear force. ‘ai = Shear span; distance between the beam face a the column top sod the pont of lateral {erve fom the infilled wall. = D/A is used generally Fa ~ Speed conrete strength of existing structures (Ninn?) 2 = Peo Pe ~ Ratio of a, (gross cross section aren of longitudinal reinforcing bars of a column concerned) t0 5D. ‘Yield swength of longitudinal enforcing bars ofa column. [N(@D), where Ni an axa fre ofthe column at whimate mechanism, postive valve means compression face. () Structural detail 2) Ladder type re bars or euivalet shal be provided at anchor area to prevent spl failure of wall ane 1b) Conerete strength fr sengtening shall not be les than exiting consrete «) Wal thicknes of ot les tha f= 160mm with double ayer reinforcement ie recommended. 4) Wall reinforement ratio p. and connecting rebar (sch as ler reat) ati of not less than 04% ‘srequied, 325 Example on In-fled RC Wall Shear sength of infill RC wal is caleulated as follows () Design Data: i. Noopeningis assumed in inserted shear wall Cente tocztre span of cola = 6000 mm ii, Column sie ~ $0 mm «500 jv. Story heigit =3000 mm ¥.Depthof floor beam = 500 mn Yi Main ear of cola =8 ~ 925 mm deformed brand tie spacing = 910mm 150mm vi Thicknes of inserted shear wall = 160 mn viii Reinforcement of sear wal = Double layer 98 mm @150 mm in each direction ia, Existing ail force on each column, N= 1750 kN 40ptr Reoft Design of Members and Frames ‘wall “Thickness: 160m ‘Rear GSaun(@150nn, Double layer cotuma Sie: SO0nan = 500mm Main bar &- 25mm deformed bar Te (sear reinercement: 100150 Post installed anchor Exiting aia oe on each clu, N= 180 EN Anchor: 19 @ 10m at perimeter Figure 3.23 Column and Wall ection (2) Materia Data: {exis columa: ‘Concrete strengih: F.= 14 Nima? ‘Young's modulus: £,= 17,580 Nin? ‘Yield strength of bar oy = 275Nl ii, Inserted shear wall: CCorrete strength: F= 18 Nam (Allowable lowes for retrofit work) ‘Young's modus: E, = 19,930 Nin? Yield strength of rebar, = 400m? Design strength of non srink grout mortar: Fy = 30Nn ‘Shear strength (r design) of n-fled RC wall inserted shear wal) is called as fllows: “The srength of shear wall shal be minimum beoveenwall-colume failure and join-columa fire, Bu this strength shall ot be more than monolithic shear wall Qa = min On +2-aQe, Q)+WQ.+ 2-0.) (@) Strength of existing column, (@) Shear force of olin at ultimate flexural strength Column wid, 6 = 00 mm Column dept, D = 500 mm Now, O45 -D» Fe =04 > 500 «500 14 1400 « 10 N-< 1,750 (axial fore o column) Axial compressive strength, Nau "ay + B-D-F, = 85 490.6% 275 +500» 500 «14 1,079 10°+ 3,500 = 10°= 4579 «10° Ubimate flexural strength of column = , Neng ~(084-5,-D4 0128: D+) +| 5 a = (08~ 34906 «75 500 +012» 500 50? 14) x 5792105 =1750%0% 4579 «103 -1400%10° = (161.8 10+ 210% 10%) x 0.889 =330% 10am Were, = Total rose eto rs of eile reinforcing br ~3 4906 ma? “Therefore, she frceat lite esa tenth, One(Chapter 3. Rett Desig of Members and Fans Ma nage enters = 2330» 108 22830505 = 264 <10°N (6) Utimate shear strength of column du to shear reinforcement 0.53p 0818+) QF Srayvode TO8NPws Ay +0170} BF (41-21 Send Where, im Tensile enforcement ati in% 9p 2100_ 33990.6.100 “(e:2)— (Go0~500) ~ ‘p= Sheer enforcement aio 0. area of shear reinforcement and = te spacing) Far 90% hook, shear senfocement ratio= 05 p= 0.5 0.00208 = 0.00, 1" Yield strength of shear reinforcing bar = 275 Nima? = Axil ses in column M 225.30, (tos My creck fH =25230, (Los At<30] $3, ey (00105002 EI os (GRTOTTAH]v07)80x08-50 = 345.6 10°N) So, shear strength of boundary clam, = minimum of 0 ad... 264% 10° (© Ditet shear suength of column 12. bd Where, Kau = OH 05248 ~24 040 ona! star an 2 conmony nse) Now check ctocaleulate xWhere, ‘p= Column main cba aio Ae 4908%8 90157 “D750 5 Yield tenth of main rebar of column -275 Ninn? (= Axil stres of clam 50-008 BD so0s00 ‘Therefore, Be 8+ = 00157 275 +70= 11.31Ninw, which greater tan 0.66 Fy (9.24 Nine) S0,%= 066: F.,=9.24 Ninn? Ani, (Q.~ Kes to-B-D. = 0.40 * 9.24 » 500 x 500 =924 » 10°N > Q. [80 direst shear sregth of column will not gover) 2 2.08 fm (4 Shear strength of shear wa (@) Shear sweng of manolhic shear wal with boundary column i exculated as follows 0.053 p09 118 + F MIQ-D+0.12 Check appliaity of is eatin: 1m case deal anasis detection ah (4) may be eomsidered ss te (ight of shear wa2) Now, check for Ma Swe ora 3000 _gasero, (102M = =025<10, (10344330) M Minimum vate ot 24 In equation +5," Bqunalen width of sear wall DA_160%5500+ 5005002 T 500 11 =Total wall length = 6000+ 500 ~ 6500 man ‘Pe= Equivalent tensile reinforcement ratio in % 123% pate mass 1049068 E3350 ~0.286% le= Equialent lateral reinforcement ati in % 6(Chapter 3. Ret Desig of Members nd Framer = tes ‘a,~ Are of horizontal reinforcement in shear wall : 4 Spacing of horizontal reinforcement in shear wall, ee 24502 Now, Fae @y 7557123" 3400=1.261, 21750000, 1236300 53 Now <8 Ninn? ~ Distance bamoen centroid of tension and compression forces = 0.8 «! 80, Opy=(0058%0280% 23, ABATE + 0.12.53) «212.3«0.8% BEI gas Fjo01-253}2022.08650 (1.28 + 0954+ 0253) « 1103960 =2,045 «10° () Shear strength ofin-flled wall panel only Stength of infilledwallpane (,Q) i calculated as ere oen 05rye,)i yt Oui 3184 all enfercemeot ratio and yield sueagth ofthe wal reinforcing bar (Nina) = Concrete strength ofthe insalled wall panes (Nim) ‘o> 1'= Wall thickness and its span ofthe installed wal pane! (mm). 502 Taoxis0 For wall thickness ~ 1m and double ayer rebar Sram @150 in each detion pen de 0.0082 No i mat as gt = max (000 «400, H+. «0k 40) 160 5500 max (1.68, 74) 160» 5.500= 1531 <10°N ‘Wall seength including column strength, Qn+2- a Qe= 1531 10°42 «0.7 ~266 10a Retton tor onsen elton bility = 0.7 = 1901 10°, which s less than the stength of monolithic shear wall Qu= 2745 «10° ‘Therefore the capacity of shear wall = 1901 KN, Calculation of ladder type rebar or spiral rebar not shown here, Section 3.5.2 (8) maybe followed for caleuation,‘Coupe 3._Rewot Desig of Members nd Frames (© Design of pst netaled anchor (Rafer to Section 88.9) ‘According to file mode infill wall panel will flat connection with upper eam. So require umber of anchor Bot for upper bear have to be caleulated considering strength of wall panel ony ‘Shear stength 0° bonded anchor, gm 180 i supposed for strength calelaton at upper and lower ‘beam, Same spacing it generally provided a column. ‘Considering 19mm bot capacity ofeach anchor bol wil be minimum of following two calculations, Seng of anchor material, Qa = 07 wa, ~0.7 = 400 2834 =79,348N (Refer to see 3.5) 4 flay a = 0.4 17580R8 «280, So, capacity of each anchor ol is, 0. 56.2 KN anchor bolts provided @ 150 mm thea total no of anchor bolt for upper beam ‘Strenge t conection, (Q4= Number of anchor * ‘Bearing pressure stengh of concrete, Oy 6222 N (Equation 3.9.49) 3. Gitetines s 35 «562 =1,968KN> ,0,.=1531KN 133. STEEL FRAMED BRACE, 334, Outline Faure modes of sel Famed brace shal be vauaod wikrespet to arent and duty. Wis ual) provide ste frame at perimeter with brace. Slenderess rato of tcl brace i conte. Detail of shear Jay each sx post inset anchor ad esd stud stall be studied. Indiect connection is used with non-vink grout mortar asa sada method. Following fire modes of ste! framed brace are considered as shown Figure 3.3.1. Conection fire is not recommended because of ts brite nature, a = = “DATE= Gira againe Omens (areudtae an si a : (@) Yield of trace wth she Figere33.1. General Behavior of Stel Framed Brace ow Mant resin den fer Ene) ‘het adit fom ence rent CMRP “6(Chapter. Rewot Desig of Members nd Frames {noted that lure mote of (f) Yield of bracing wit sexe fire of cofunas i occurred in case of ‘weak column as shown inthe stuctral experiment by CNCRP 2013. This a very bite ulre wth low ductility. Storey deftetion ange at this failure is evaluated as approximately 1330 in Japan but cording othe same strutural experiment by CNCRP this was approximately 1/200, erate of lender size of columns. (Refer to Supplement 2. 332 Target Performance As sed in te Seton 347 of te. Guilin, resistance wytem of sed Tanned brace B ategoeaT om type 1 10 ype 4 a8 shown in Table 34.21 of the J. Guideines. Ducility index of structures, crengihened with tel raed bace i showin in ae 3.4.22 ofthe J. Gude. 1) Plexural RC column or sea flue RC cola, dutty index, 1.5 F = 2.0 ‘Incase of low strength concrete of RC fame, F= 1.5 2) Direct shear and connection flue dominant, deli index, Fis 1.0 53) Fleur yielding of RC frame, and rotation, refer tothe Table ofthe}. Guidlines. __| ‘Table 34.21 and Table 3.4.22 from the translated J. Guidelines, version 2011 shows failure mechanism of structure and Duetility index of rere reptively, Table33.1 Failure Mechanisms of Structure Strengthened wit Stel Frame (Rel Table 3.4.2.1 the J. Guidlines Fluemeciunion rising RC fame Stel fame Connestion Tel [Fiera ~Seenatieng wih wed Wore Seen sed deity | ile of rac: Vieing or bicling feovnat celues oe ofbrace (fireat sel taco | beams Strengthening wih se ‘rae pan). Shear flr of| pane Shr ylding of | coms Beare loreal lingo Gangs [pet] "Diet earftre Neier sing nor boc | Ser lp Seng dominant | of tension clus ‘aire Great esnaeccn) | and sear flr of compression columns Die sear feof beam) Teel re file ‘eter yiling ao bocing | Noles Duetitydominat | fling of sin ‘clea Compressive Sire of compression clara Type | Exeenely bi re | Scghenng wih sed Notiive Strength dominant | of ote rac: Veg beckling bce = Suenatheig with ts dl: Shor yeling of prod r Dera eldingofange [Not Type I is Nexual fire of whole stucture srengbened with tel frame 6(Chapter 3. Revo Desi of Members a Frames ‘Table332 Ductile Index of Structures Strengthened wth Ste Famed Brace (Ref 3.42-2the J. Guidelines) Failure Failure pe of RC Fame ‘Duct index, F value ye leva clu efexal team dominant, {laste valu of RC fame 20, ‘pet |Shearcolumn or ahear beam dominst Fa fae re = Fv o RC Incase ofQus/ Qu. F= 15 Typett_ | Diet star acomection far domizant | F—10 ~ Simp ane wo beans ing tote ‘weaghcnet mente F= 20 Tate ying oR Game dines |e s/s LIF 1S ‘ret | (Ccy gamed yeast |e crag! nee, Fl be neta Casie comeing ethene a ‘Soins wh te Sanded 0.250) he Sdn “DpelV | Bxrenety ite orn dominant F=10 Simple ame without beams Faming nie semthond member F=20 Inemeof 7202 c11,Fa15 -e.) cae, Ba, (ode ‘oer | Romion tact ne eae Geni, #30 Goce = Wen ink hes nr toga are faing ino he strengthened menbe, stall ‘ees onsiering the infncs i scorns th te Sani (6.236) Gi ofthe Sunde. Whee, (Our: Stengh governed by buckling or tensile yielding of brace (Quy: Stength govered by direct shear and conection capacity ‘Quy: Stent of ttl exural yielding (Capacity governed by the aru of longinal bars in column) Qn : Smensth of rotation 1 Seethe provisions in the seston of uli wal ofthe Standard aChap}. Reo Desig of Members and Frames 333 Design of Stel Framed Brace 1) Shear strength ‘Sher strength of to braced ame is clelated a oll. Qu tt. 0) (Commentary.34S-1) tel ssn Where: One Shear swength of «fame brace at brace yield ‘y= Shear srength of rmed brace at connection fre (2) Shear strength of «framed brace a brace yleld (On) ‘Shear sength of to! famed brace is clelated as shown in Figure 3.3.2 On = Ore Oo Qe * Or Ox =feAv-cos® (horizontal component of compressive stent) G-P Aced Goren cop ttn ag js - all SZS 4. iF If : Figure 3.32 Resistance Mechanism of Stel Framed Brace Soo “Hn oferta reg fara” JCA pa) Where; ‘da Seton are of racing member, festive section area is used incase of bling connection run’) (Qn. wtiate shear strength of column at compression and teil side respectively (N) 7: Standard strength of tel (Yield strength, Nin!) Jo: Limit compressive sess (Nin), calculated lows, So= (IM04 QUAP}-F for 2A ‘The J. ulelins (3.4.5-1) fo OSPIQIN for A> A Where: So. = Limit compressive sues (Nim ‘A= Uiisinnan (1 E}058) A= Sleaderness rato P= Specified strength of sel (N/mm). B= Young's modulus of see! (ma?) Nat: 1) Above “Aspect rai wil lo be expressed by "Slenderes rato”. Slendarnes ati is expressed by effective buckling lena radius of gyration of meer. 46ot Rew Design f Members and Frames 2)"F value” wil be speifed ye strength of stel Nina), | 3) Compressive stengih is caleulated by F (Nim!) male’ by section aca (mu) of a compressive member Be 4 incase of P= 3458 A wie OSE 5) Radius of gyration, refer to related design formula ora able of ructual steel members. Equation (2.451) ofthe Guidelines is shown by Figure 3.3.3 in ease matevil F = 34SNinn? (ASTM A572) 89 fortyos Qin | oS SERB EES nitcompreive ses, fi a 0 Figure 33.3. Limit Compresive Stes of Stel Bracing ty Japanese Guidelines (ote Thee f Ele ate aching res isthe bait and ane Doe 6 ied se) mF gpa by aprobote eve cnieng tl srg asl cenit and rei ree) (©) Shear strength ofa frame brace at connection fallure (Qs) Qy= e+ 07+ Or (xp. 3.45-1) ther cine Where: 0: Direct shear strength of column a tes side (Q Shear strength at connection, and smaller value of pst installed anchor an headed stud. ‘Shear strength ofa studi eakulte follows, 4 0.64 oa, Where: na! Tensile strength of stud, ands not more han SOON tat ‘3: Section area of td (mim!) Headed stud of diameter 16oum and 19mm were tested inthe J. Guidelines. Tensile strength sall be tested where wed. Same itera of post installed chor td the headed stud wil be used fr the design “Chapter3_ Revolt Deson of Meer and Frames 2) Structural detail, 8) Senderness ratio of steel brace shall nt be more than 8 nprincipe. ‘Minimum size of tee brace member shouldbe H-150 (height) * 150 (id) *7 (web) *10(Nange) or equivalent stiffeess members. ©) Morar connection ara for ts! frame shall follow, (Bond anchor with diameter 1mm, or expansion anchor with diameter 16mm with teva of not ‘more than 250mm stall be used. (i) Headed stud with axis diameter of I6mam or 20mm shall be used, and intercal shall be not more han 250mm. Gi) Laptangth of nc an ded st hl be more ttn half echor length nd hded st. (Gv) Strength of pressure grout mora shall be nos less than 30N/ma (9 Retr with not less than 04% for sprit prevention at mortar connection area s suggested, 334 Example Caleulaton of Stel Framed Brace (1) Design condition (Member dimension) Spantength 1 ~ 6000mm Clear span :1~5,800mm Story eight :11~3,000 (Clear eight: A= 2,500mm Beam: bxD-~ 300mm * SO0mm Column: BxD= 500mm » 00mm Clear dimension (gap) between sto and RC member, 150mm Existing anil fre on eah column, N =17SOKN (Material) Seng of existing concrete: op = LN? ‘Young's modulus: = 17,880Nina? Yield sreagh of existing re-bar:05"275Nimm! Yield stenphofte:F= 348 ma asm asa Design sung of pressed grout mary 30N'nn? Tensile tengh of Sd: = 400NAn ‘Yield strength of anchor rebar: .0,= 400N/mm! (Assumed section) ‘Stel brace: C-200 «10010 (2-100 » 100» 10) Frame: C-200* 100» 10 or 21-100 100» 10) ‘A member for bckling prevention: C-200 100 10 (ee 24-100 10010) €) Strength of exiting column Section detail refer othe example calculation at See. 3.24 (@) Shear fore of column decided from ulimate flexural strength M2 M, = (08-4, D-H ITH- DPR) (es MY / Say =04B- DF) = 390 6 10N One” 2 Mg =264 «108 (@) Shear sents [ary ect 85 [es Goy +0. i} ‘ ‘M(Q-d)+0.12 (6 Direct shear stents Ue Kar “D (040 » 9.24 $00 500= 924 1ON(Chapter 3. Ree Design of Members nd Frames (@) Strength eaealaon of brace (@) Section, aren 3,800mn, radius of gyration i= 802 my, jy ~304 mum (0) Buckling lng, he =3,720 mm, (buckling length of brace for out-of plane diction, 860 mm (ength in-plane direction is reduced to haf by providing buckling prevention member at center postin) (6 Slendernes rio, 2," yl = 463 <58, ‘= ls, 61.1 >= $8 This wl be acceptable, since Uy is reduced more considering in plane direction of gstt plate. (Limit stendersess ratio, suppose yield strength of sel F~ 345Nimm, (ASTM-A-S72) face et aacaoeal aw (EE ~ [eeotio oes Teese” VO6a345 () Compressive strength Ne= for A ough 292» 3800~ 1,109 10'N ie st? | sau 2 0433) 0.347 «345-2928 (f Tensite srength, Ny =F Ay = 345 * 3, 800 * 0.8 = 1, O48 = 1ON Etetive rca assumed tobe 80% of fil area considering bolt hole. (@ Loud caring capacity of brace, horizontal component of axial strength of sel ace i caleulated_ Incintion of sel braces 42.3 degrees. Q.= (NN) cas 10, (1,109 1,048) 10°» 0739 = 1,598 « 10°N (@) Average shear stzes at mortar conneion,r=,0,/Ay™ 1598 104 (200 5,00) =1.45Niam? {Strength of sol famed brace On) Qn s= (fsa bce) + Qe column) + Q(Fgh column) = 1595 « 101+ 2 x 264 x 10 = 2,123 oN (4 Strength of ame at fire of headed stud (Qu) Design foes, 0, 1S95KN, assume 2 « plémm@150mm ( Qe 0.68 Gu, = 064 * 400 201 = $1.AKN no Qh 36rom9 = $1.42 = 3,7008N Assume 2 gl2mmasomm (Qu.= 289KN, O, =2080KN Qn: Qy (Seng at joint) + (iret shea) + Q, (Shea (6) Strength of ame at fllure of bonded anchor (Qu) Refer to section .5 forthe notation of pos insted ane. (@) Shear stengh of one anchor (9mm anchor) 45) 0.7 46,280 <294Nin? p= 027 a= THN (6) Strength of chor 0mm) 13mm) 080 + 924% 268 = 32658 AVTTSRORIA = 198Nm? <294Nmm! -=35 «56 ~ 1960 2 w= Ou * Qe Qe = 1960 924264 148 aN a‘Chapter. Reto Desig of Members nd Fees capacity of steel framed brace Minizmum of (01 =2123KN, Ona =3.2486N, (Qu 31484) ie Qu=21238N (7 Evaluation ef Duty Tuten Resistance type ofthe steal famed brace is type I ofthe Table 3.3.1. Whichever smaller value of One and Qn is sited as the strength decided by the connection with diet she ofcohmn and ie used a Qnsfor te Table 33.2 (Qys0t Oni)! Qn) = 3148/2123 = 148 >11, Column i evaluated as flexural ‘column. Then etimsted dutty index of sel Famed brace isF = 2.0 frm he Table 3.3.2. It is noted tha the ductility index of RC columas without stel framed brace is estimated as 1.27 separately. Refer fo supplement A3, for ND F. (axial force rao, 0.5 in thiscae) ofa column and the ductility index. 3.4 COLUMN JACKETING B41 RC Jacketing 1G) Flexural strength of RC jacketed column, {@ Incase of upgrading strength Flexaral strength of RC jacketed cohimas to improve thir flexral strength shall be cakulated by the following equation. When, New 2N> 04: by:Ds- Foy by -0y:2-an-eyn-4 +012 De Fa) fa sai When 0.4» by Dy Fy 2N20 My =o, ay -gt03-0y 8:4 05-N-D, 0.342) TheJ. Ouidelines Ny 2, Wrere £ =Distace between tensile and compressive longitudinal reinforcement of exiting columa (a). ‘=a for acketng part ofthe clu (ni), 122 =Cross sectional area of esl enforcement inthe jacketng part of column. j2= Veld strength oftesile reinforcement inthe jacketing part of column (Nan). by = Width ef column ater ackting (um) ‘Dy =Depth column ae jackting (nm). ‘Nau Axial compressive stength = 20+ a0: 2+ by Ds- Fe = Compresive strength of existing concrete (Nm). In this manual avenge strength per section area of existing and new concrete Fags ty be wed instead of Fa 5