R W A N D A N A T I O N A L L A N D U S E D E V E L O P M E N T M A S T E R P L A N - I N T R O D U C T I O N

“The citizens of Rwanda are proud of their country and they

believe in a promising future“(Vision for the Plan)

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1.1 Scope of Work.................................................................................... 3

1.5 Scenarios..........................................................................................13
Part II Report Layout ................................................................................... 3
Introduction ...............................................................................................13
1.2 Methodology and Approach............................................................... 3
What are Scenarios?...............................................................................13
Methodology ............................................................................................... 3 Key Drivers .............................................................................................13
Consultations.............................................................................................. 6 Alternatives................................................................................................14
1.3 Functions and Limitations of the Plan................................................ 7 Alternative A (red, worse/critical)...............................................................14
Alternative B (yellow, fair/acceptable)........................................................14
Period of Validation..................................................................................... 7 Alternative C (green, good/prosperous) ....................................................15
Land Use Information Based on Existing Sector Data................................ 8 1.6 Maps (Spatial Data) ...........................................................................17
Planning Instruments to Guide Land Use Development............................. 8 Proposed Standards for Map Scales Accompanying Planning ...............19
Role of National (Land Use) Planning (SDUTA).......................................... 8
Role of District (Development) Planning (DDP)........................................... 9
Role of Urban (Development) Planning (UDP)............................................ 9
Role of Action Area Planning (AAP) ........................................................... 9
Building Permit and Building Control .......................................................... 9
Guidelines and Planning Standards ........................................................... 9
1.4 Visions, Goals and Objectives ......................................................... 10
The Plan’s Visions for Year 2020............................................................... 10
National Objectives ................................................................................... 11
Land use Objectives and Goals ................................................................ 11
Land Use Planning Objectives................................................................. 11
Main Goals for Sustainable Development................................................. 11
Economic Competitiveness ..................................................................... 12
Good and Equal Social Conditions........................................................... 12
Sustainable Environment......................................................................... 12

The National Land Use and Development Master Plan is referred to as the Plan in the text.

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Introduction A set of Baseline Studies present

1.1 Scope of Work Demography
the prerequisites and challenges
for the future development of the
In accordance with the Contract, the task to prepare the Plan is divided in three Baseline Studies on Socio- country within socio-economic and
deliveries: Part I; Part II and Final Part. Part I, which was concluded in November economy and Infrastructure with infrastructure sectors. Needs
2009, is general fact finding and familiarization of the current situation in Rwanda Needs Assessments Assessments summarize
and has been presented in a number of reports. The Part II Draft of the National Environment with Risk and deficiencies and future demands
Land Use and Development Master Plan will be presented in March 2010 and the Suitability Analysis are analyzed in the fields of
content is outlined in Report Layout Chapter below. The Draft II of the National Scenarios resources, supply of socio-
Land Use and Development Master Plan does not go into detail on issues that are economic services and
treated thoroughly in the Part I. When necessary for understanding the present infrastructure utilities.
situation, underlying assumptions for the future and analyses of problems and
possibilities, references are made to the Part I reports. Environment with Risk & Suitability Analysis are focused on the limitations and
potentials originating from nature and man made/enforced restrictions/ rules and
A list of Part I reports and a list of abbreviations are compiled in the Appendix. regulations on environment. These will provide the bases for the formulation of
sustainable development strategies.

Scenarios give 3 alternatives on future land use in accordance with the spatial
development strategy and the future demands for land use. Likewise, the
evaluation process is described where spatial development alternatives were
evaluated from a socio-economic, infrastructure and environmental point of view,
and where recommendations for choice of alternative for the final National Land
Use and Development Master Plan are given.

The Appendix will include Part I reports delivery, List of tables Abbreviations.

Part II Report Layout

The report is structured as follows: 1.2 Methodology and Approach
The Introduction Chapter gives the context and background, presents the used Methodology
methodology and the comprehensive assumptions for the future. Land-use planning is a dynamic, evolving field that emerged out of the
convergence of two concerns:
Demography gives information about the population and presents population
projections The provision of urban infrastructure; and

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Social reform through land-use planning.

Today land-use planning has expanded to include the development,

implementation and evaluation of a wide range of policies, while at the same time
continuing its underlying focus on community well-being. Urban and regional
planners, in both developing and developed countries, are specifically concerned
with:

Land use planning and management, especially between rural and urban uses,
in coastal zones, among contemporary urban functions, and with regard to
urban form;

Environmental management and risk management in hazard prone areas;

The design of the municipality/city and harmonization of conflicts with the

surrounding region;

Regional planning, with particular interest in global-local interaction, uneven

land-use development, industrial location and regional economic growth;
The identification of social needs and the design and provision of services and
facilities to meet these needs;
The distribution of benefits and costs of resource allocation and use among
people;
Citizen participation in planning; and
Decision making processes, policy and program evaluation.
The field of land-use planning is experiencing such fundamental changes that are
having a profound impact on the use of computer-based models in planning
practice and education. One of these key changes is the dramatically increased
availability of powerful and easy-to-use Geographic Information System(s) (GIS)
software and hardware.
An appropriately designed, funded and staffed GIS is able to present complex
relationships in a simple and easily understood scenario. The information products
of a GIS are invaluable to the expert and layman alike. With an ever increasing
need to automate and streamline information flows within the organization, the role
of computers, computer networks and the necessary support to maintain a digital
infrastructure is essential.

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However, there is a casually quoted statistic that roughly half of all GIS
implementations fail. Most failures are related to institutional issues, resistance to
change, lack of political support, insufficient funding, and the fact that GIS
innovation results in a radical change in information flow within an organization.
Most assessments of GIS implementation success have focused on developed
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countries, where user support for hardware and software, availability of trained GIS
professionals, and access to a reliable power supply are not problems. The
considerations relevant for any GIS implementation are compounded by additional
circumstances and constraints in developing countries.
Even when a GIS can be well executed from a technical point of view, project
design strongly influences the effectiveness of the use of the information products
that are generated. The timing of the user needs assessment, training, data
collection, pilot phasing, and full project implementation, are critical to gaining
institutional support and to ultimate project success. An awareness of land-use data
products and analysis capabilities typically needs to be engendered in end-users at
the outset so that the use of these products can be maximized fully.
The user needs assessment is a vital component of GIS. Thoroughly exploring
potential data sources, integrating the GIS with more traditional information
management within the authorities and institutions, and promoting an
understanding of land use information and analysis capabilities early-on are critical
to project success.
GIS-based land-use planning tools can be used to more thoughtfully design
everything from national plans to zoning ordinances. They are also useful for
eliciting and enjoining public participation not only in land use planning but also in
land use decisions and visioning projects. The basic analytical methods of GIS
tools include:
Establishing a benchmark measurement of existing conditions to allow decision
makers to see where the problems lie. They can then determine whether a new
project will help correct these problems or just make them worse;
Forecasting what will happen if a society continues to grow in the same way, then
measuring the impacts – whether positive or negative – of alternative land-use
scenarios;
Comparing several alternative land-use scenarios in order to help select a preferred
alternative for adoption and implementation;
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Evaluating policy decisions after they are implemented to ensure that they are Figure 1: Organgram Steering Committee.
meeting the original objectives.
Yellow authorities are members.
By applying GIS, the planner will be able to avoid the major uncertainties usually
encountered in setting up the system. The GIS will also make the Plan preparation Ministry of Environment and Land (MINELA) National Land Centre (NLC)

process more transparent and interesting for all stakeholders. Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA)

Ministry of Forestry and Mines (MINIFOM) National Forestry Authority (NAFA)

Rwanda Geology and Mines Authority (OGMR)

The Plan is the product of the various series of consultations and workshops held Ministry of Health (MINISANTE)
nationwide involving a multidisciplinary cross-section of potential users, ranging Ministry of Internal Security (MININTER)
from the district, the national government agencies involved in planning, the Ministry of Infrastructure (MININFRA) Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority (RCCA)
academe, to those private individuals and institutions involved in the planning Ministry of Justice (MINIJUST)
profession. The various drafts have gone through these participative sessions after Ministry of Trade and Industry (MINICOM)
M
which comments and recommendations have been incorporated wherever I
N
Ministry of Information (MININFOR)

applicable and feasible. A condensed write-up of the comments made during these I
S
Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) GIS Centre National University of Rwanda

consultative workshops is available for cross-reference. T

R
Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC) Kigali City
I
Southern Province
E
Land use planning is based on statistical and geographic information, describing S
Western Province

the size and geographic distribution of population, employment, housing, Eastern Province

production units, social and technical services, land characteristics and use. All Northern Province

statistical and geographic data collected are stored in a GIS database. Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI)

Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion (MIGEPROF)

Consultations
Ministry of Defence (MINADEF)

Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN) National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR)
The preparation of the Part II will be finalized in March 2010 and the Report will be Ministry of Youth (MINIYOUTH)
distributed to the Steering Committee and the recognized members of the Ministry of Sports and Culture (MINISPOC)
stakeholders’ forum. Rwanda Development Board (RDB) (Parastatal)

A deadline for comment s will be set, tentatively 1 month.

In May, a number of a number of gatherings will be launched when the Plan will be
presented and discussed. After the deadline, the points taken from the meetings
and written comments will be summarized and analyzed. Proposals regarding
revisions will be made in a special Part II Consultation Report and be presented to

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the Steering Committee that will give directives for the conceptual framework of the
Final Part.: 1.3 Functions and Limitations of the Plan
When? Invited Where?
Period of Validation
It is suggested that the Plan must be owned by one ministry and a governing
30 March PM Steering Committee approval for distribution of NLC HQ commission be established to supervise its implementation. A validation period of 5
comments
years and a planning horizon of 10 years are proposed.
April Steering Committee gives comments and revision
is made
By nature a national plan is a guiding plan which advises sector planning at central
1 May Distribution and emailing of SC missive and Part II
Report.
level and giving instructions for the preparation of the District Development Plan to
harmonize with developments of national interest.
11 - 12 May Socio-economic Stakeholders, Infrastructure Eventual ‘Retreat
Stakeholders and Environment ‘arr
Stakeholders Workshop(s) ang
em
ent
13 May AM Ministerial Briefing
13 May PM Mayors (District’s representatives) NLC HQ
13 May Evening Public Hearing (announced in media and open to ?
general public, officials, private
entrepreneurs, etc.)
1 June Closing date for written comments
2 - 12 May Consultation Report preparation
11 June Steering Committee directives for Final Part based NLC HQ
on Consultation Report

After the deadline the points taken from the meetings and written comments will be
summarized and analyzed. Proposals regarding revisions will be made and
presented to the Steering Committee that will give directives for the conceptual
framework of the Final Part.

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Land Use Information Based on Existing Sector Planning Instruments to Guide Land Use
Data Development
The Plan is the first of its kind for Rwanda and should be seen as one
planning tool for sustainable (land use) development of the country.
Without a ‘chain’ of more detailed planning instruments the Plan’s
directives, guidelines and proposed planning standards will never
touch base and not become implemented.

It should be observed that, besides the preparation of spatial data (the Role of National (Land Use)
Orthophotos and the National Basemap Portfolio), It should be observed that Planning (SDUTA)
that, except for the preparation of spatial data (the Orthophotos and the The nation-wide Plan is intended
National Base Map Portfolio), the objective of the Plan is not a data producer. to project and detail national
Its aim is to provide land use information, analysis and proposals based on development policies as they
existing (sector) data. Likewise, to make situation analysis and assessment for apply to the country.
future land use development certain key indicators have to be defined. Due to
lack of data some issues for the Baseline Studies, Needs Assessment, Risk & The Plan will also address
Suitability Analysis and Scenario preparation cannot be analyzed in an optimal country-wide issues such as the
way. Consequently reservations are made in the specific context and the distribution of population, development of networks for settlements,
respective sector authority, responsible for data provision, is kindly requested social services and infrastructure. The main functions of the revised
to add the stats and data of the subject in the future. land use plans are to apply national policies for the development of the
country, to present land use proposals for all involved parties, to
Below is an example how tabular data are being transformed into mapped provide a coordinative framework for the production and
information which gives more options for comparative analysis: implementation of District Development Plans, for making decisions
on development issues on land use and to provide guidelines and
priorities for the implementation of country-wide development
programs and projects.

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Role of District (Development) Planning (DDP) areas of water, and implementation time are information that must be contained in the
The District Development Plans are AAP. Requirements concerning the location, design and construction of buildings,
intended to serve as the principal protective measures for developed areas,
strategic development policies and project demolition bans, etc. can be added to the plan.
plans to be implemented by district or
groups of district and by national The character of the AAP, as being a vehicle
authorities. The DDPs can be said to be for implementation, is emphasized in that it is
the ‘implementation tool’ of the limited in terms of time. The plan must specify
STUDAThey should be in accordance an implementation period of at least 5 years,
with national land use development policies take from the Plan. The plans are and at most 15 years where after the building
expected to be of greater detail than the national land use plan in terms of rights will be become extinct. The DDP is not a long-term planning instrument.
contents, including the maps (1:50,000?). The DDP are intended to address
strategic land use level issues and policies and to present investment and Building Permit and Building Control
development priorities and proposals to the interested and involved parties.
They thus will serve to coordinate and promote development within the district. The importance of proper handling of
A proposed concept of a DDP that harmonizes with the STUDA is found in Development/Building Permits and enforcement
Chapter3: Housing and Urbanization. through robust Building Control should not be
forgotten. If needed, elaborations on these ‘touch-
Role of Urban (Development) Planning (UDP) base’ components of good governance for land use
The UDP will serve as a framework development will be found in the Final Part of the
for the planning and management of
the development of the prioritized
Plan in a legislative context.
urban settlements located within the
district. Additionally, the plans will
serve as a basis for approving land
use project applications and major
(national) development funding
proposals. A proposed concept of a
DDP that harmonizes with the STUDA is found in Chapter3: Housing and
Urbanization.
Guidelines and Planning Standards
Role of Action Area Planning (AAP) Every main chapter of Part II concludes in guidelines for the future planning, assembled
The AAP is the implementation instrument regarding planned changes of in text boxes. The guidelines are supposed to be guiding all parties involved in the
urban land and water use. The AAP should briefly show which areas are implementation of the plan, on decision making on national, land use or local level
intended for private or public building - developed areas - as well as areas that District Development Plan and Urban Development Plan).
are free to be used by everyone – public areas. Public areas, developed areas,

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The planning standards should be viewed as guidelines for land use and urban
planning, and the application of them has to be flexible. Even if they reflected
the economic and geographic situation in the country when they were created,
the prerequisites continuously change and the application of general guidelines
have to reflect these changes.
The Planning Standards will be further developed in the Final Part. Like the key
Guidelines will be summarized in the Final part.
1.4 Visions, Goals and Objectives
The Plan’s Visions for Year 2020
The citizens of Rwanda are proud of their country and they
believe in a promising future.
Rwanda is a leader in social welfare. All citizens control
their economic needs, enabling them to enjoy a stable,
secure and prosperous environment.
The citizens of Rwanda are engaged in fruitful activities.
There is a high employment rate and good work ethics.
Rwanda is an internationally connected country, integrated
with global markets and equipped with a high-class
infrastructure for information and communication
technology, which gives its citizens access to information,
know-how and education.
Rwanda has a diversified economy, with a high share of
income generated by non-agriculture sectors. Rwandan
companies are globally competitive, and foreign businesses
compete to locate their operations of Rwanda.
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Every citizen is guaranteed a clean, healthy and safe environment
with good maintenance. Environmental awareness is high among
the citizens, within the public authorities and the private sector.
The housing market of Rwanda offers every family a dwelling of
good size and standard at an affordable prize.
Rwanda is a leading centre of education and training, developing
its own population and opening its doors to foreign students,
researchers and lecturers.
Natural and cultural heritage is protected, preserved, made easily
accessible and exposed to visitors from all over the world.
Tourism is a significant job-creating sector of the economy. Natural
and cultural values are cornerstones and the country has
international reputation as friendly, secure, well functioning, and
offering good service.
Agricultural and forestry production are produced using soil, climate
and water conditions in a sustainable way. Deforestation is
combated successfully by means like decreasing water
consumption, preserving agricultural land, and preventing erosion
by planting plant materials.
Rwanda has a modern, sustainable, safe and integrated
transportation system, which benefits all members of society, the
economy and the environment.
An effective freight transport and distribution system supports
economic development of Rwanda.
Water resources are used in a long-term sustainable way.
Extraction of ground water does not exceed the amount being
recharged and water management serves as a model for other
countries.
Use of renewable energy resources is increasing. Citizens,
companies and public authorities are aware of the importance of
efficient energy use.
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National Objectives
The Rwanda Vision 2020, prepared 2000, sets the guidelines for the planning
and management of settlements, infrastructure and services and has the
following overall objectives:
Reconstruction of the nation and its social capital anchored on good
governance, underpinned by a capable state;
Transformation of agriculture into a productive, high value, market
oriented sector, with forward linkages to other sectors;
Development of an efficient private sector spearheaded by
competitiveness and entrepreneurship;
Comprehensive human resources development, encompassing
education, health, and ICT skills. aimed at public sector, private
sector and civil society. To be integrated with demographic, health
and gender issues;
Infrastructural development, entailing improved transport links,
energy and water
supplies and ICT networks;
Promotion of regional economic integration and cooperation.
Land use Objectives and Goals
Land Use Planning Objectives
Provide basic information and future expectations for the different
national authorities responsible for the implementation of planning
and development on the national level;
Describe the most suitable vision for the physical development with
the objective of co-ordinating sector development plans;
Provide the framework and guidelines for the national, district and
urban land uses
Protect the remaining agricultural land from the encroachment of
urban growth;
Protect the environment;
Utilize modern technologies in urban planning such as GIS.
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The Plan covers the following main functions:
Providing information, data and future scenarios for planning and development
on the national level.
Providing information and data for its subordinate different sectors, authorities
and institutions for the purpose of co-ordination when preparing sector
developmental plans.
Presenting the general frame for the preparation of spatial development plans
on the local land use levels.
The National Land Use and Development Master Plans should be based on a balanced
sustainable development strategy.
At national level:
Protect agricultural and fragile ecological zones and combat deforestation;
Develop existing District Centres to accommodate expected population
growth;
Co-ordinate and optimize urban settlements functions and interactions;
Identify and guide spatial development within approved urban areas.
At local (district) level:
Create buffer zones around urban areas especially Kigali to avoid further
sprawl and ribbon development;
Densify/restructure urban land use to ensure economic diversification,
implement efficient use of land, optimize infrastructure networks, and create
urban character;
Develop efficient public transport systems;
Revitalize and conserve culture and nature heritage.
Main Goals for Sustainable Development
The overall vision for Rwanda is to achieve long-term sustainable development, i. e. “a
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs”. The vision thus implies economic growth
as well as population growth comprising a social and ecological balance.
The following three basic goals are proposed for the land use and sub-land use
planning and for the development of the country:
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Economic competitiveness administration and legislation. In addition, good social and environmental conditions are
needed in order to render the country an attractive place for companies to locate their
Reasonable and equal social conditions businesses and for people to live in.

Sustainable environment Good and Equal Social Conditions

Rwandan citizens are relatively poor also and in spite of active policies for reducing
gaps in income distribution, wealth is not equally distributed within the country nor in the
country or between different socio-economic groups.

Good and equal living conditions involve equal opportunities for working, living and
acquiring an education in different parts of the country, as well as a healthy, safe and
secure environment. This also implies that neither gender, age, ethnic background,
physical resources, socio-economic nor geographic situation should limit people’s
opportunities.

Sustainable Environment
The environmental situation of Rwanda is far from satisfactory. The environmental
resources of air, water and soil are deteriorating. Water resources are to a large degree
depleting and contaminated, there are insufficient sanitation systems, the disposal of
garbage and hazardous waste is unsound, desertification is ongoing and the air is
polluted by traffic and energy production. These conditions often create unhygienic
situations, health hazards and negative climate effects.

A long term sustainable environment implies a built environment which is healthy and
Figure: The three goals for development – economic, social and environment – has aesthetic and life-quality values. This implies that green areas, forests, water
are the ‘propeller’ for land use emphases within various sectors of society. resources, air and the natural and cultural heritage need protection and conservation. In
addition biodiversity needs to be maintained.
Economic Competitiveness
Economic competitiveness implies that the country offers good conditions for
public and private companies to start up, grow and develop domestic and
international competitiveness. This, in turn, requires that the residents have the
will, competence and skill levels equal or better than in other countries. This
requires access to relevant educational opportunities and research. Law and
order should be enforced and the domestic and international competition
should not be limited by corruption and favoritism. The country should also
offer improved and relevant infrastructure, such as physical investments,

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1.5 Scenarios
Introduction
Chapter 16 will present the land use implication for three development
scenarios for Rwanda up to 2012. Below is an introduction:

What are Scenarios?

Scenarios are plausible and often simplified

descriptions of how the future may develop, based
on a coherent and internally consistent set of
assumptions about key driving forces and
relationships.
(Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005)

Key Drivers
The way we address the future depends on how well we understand the Considering a land-use perspective, the proposed key drivers are:
complexity and causalities of Rwanda as a ‘system’ and at the same time how
uncertain we are about the future development o key drivers (of Governance and people’s trust to the government;
change/evolution). Demography and population change;
Migration and urbanization;
Fragmentation of (rural) land;
Micro environmental hazards (deforestation, farmland degradation, water and
air pollution)
Macro environmental hazards (energy provision and global warming)
Micro economic trend (entrepreneurship and thriftiness);
Macro economic trends (baisse versus hausse)
????.

Of the proposed key drivers, the ‘Macro’ drivers are basically out of control for the
decision-making bodies in Rwanda while the remaining drivers can be manipulated
domestically.

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Alternatives Start businesses in Rwanda.

Alternative A (red, worse/critical)

In this scenario we present the land-use scenario if development continues in
an uncontrolled, ad.hoc/laissez-faire mode. It is a ‘predictive’ scenario -
extrapolation of currents trends and processes and business-as-usual.
Key Drivers and Scenario Characteristics
Governance Lip-service decentralization.
and people’s Poor or non-existent implementation of
trust Umudugudu policy. Corruption increases.
Slow delivery of public services. People loose
trust in government.
Demography High growth population scenario, s
and population ee Population Chapter. Family planning
change program(s) without teeth. Single mother families
increase. Uncontrolled spread of HIV.
Migration Uncontrolled in-migration to urban areas,
and predominantly to Kigali, increase of informal
urbanization settlements and unhygienic conditions.
Fragmentation Land Registrations Project fails. Increased
of (rural) land fragmentation of land in rural areas.
Micro Continued deforestation leading to flooding and
environmental siltation. No effective cropping exhausts soil.
hazards Increased dependency on private cars to solve
mass transportation. Air and water pollution…
Micro Reduced market force
economic trend incentives/entrepreneurship/thriftiness among
investors and entrepreneurs. Decreased BNP
compared to 200? East African Community is
just nice phrases no commitment among its
members.
Macro No or little international initiative to reduce global
environmental. warming
hazards
Macro Recession continues during the planning period.
economic trend Poor interest among international investors to
Alternative B (yellow, fair/acceptable)
In this scenario we present the land-use scenario if development continues in a
relatively managed and controlled way. It is an ‘exploratory’ scenario – constructive
alternative, plausible futures.
‘Sustainable Score’
Key Drivers and Scenario Characteristics ‘Sustainable Score’
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
Governance Decentralization in progress but hampered by
and people’s irregularities, contradictory and over-lapping issues
trust as regard to decision-making, revenue collection
and service provision. Slow but steady
implementation of Umudugudu policy. Corruption
exists but being observed and reacted on by
government. .General public critical but still faithful to
continuous improved governance.
Demography In between high and low growth population
and population scenario, see Population Chapter. Family planning
change program(s) receiving increasing acceptance. Single
mother family rate stabilizes. HIV spread as African
average.
Migration and Balanced in-migration shared by Kigali and other
urbanization major towns. Upgrading and regularization of
informal settlements under slow but steady
implementation.
Fragmentation Land Registrations Project implemented slow but
of (rural) land steady. Fragmentation of land in rural areas is
decreasing,
Micro Over- and illegal cutting prevented and respected by
environmental general public and land ‘owners’. Effective cropping
hazards introduction slow but steady. Public transport (BRT)
and restriction for excessive private cars
transportation introduced. Air and water pollution…
Micro economic Same market force
trend incentives/entrepreneurship/thriftiness among
investors and entrepreneurs as today. Same BNP
compared to 200? Trading increases between East

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African Committee countries. trend investors and entrepreneurs as today. Same BNP
Macro Successful Copenhagen World Climate Summit compared to 200? East African Community is a
environmental results international initiatives to reduce global strong and compatible partner among other
hazards warming, international trading organizations.
Macro World market economy in such balance it does not Macro Continuous corporate commitment by international
economic trend hinder economic growth in Rwanda. International environm. leaders to reduce global warming which shows
companies consider Rwanda to be an interesting hazards positive signals.
country for investments. Macro World market economy in such balance it does not
economic trend hinder economic growth in Rwanda. Among East-
African countries international companies target
Alternative C (green, good/prosperous) Rwanda for investments.
In this scenario we present the land-use scenario if development continues in a
very controlledway. It is a ‘normative’ scenario – describing desired futures
and the events that can lead to such futures.

Key Drivers and Scenario Characteristics ‘Sustainable Score’

1 2 3 4 5
Governance Decentralization successful as regard to decision-
and people’s making, revenue collection and service provision.
trust Umudugudu policy implemented. Transparent
governance with minimal corruption. General public
trusts government.
Demography Low growth population scenario, see Population
and population Chapter. Family planning being practiced by both
change parents. Single mother family rate decreases. HIV
spread as world average.
Migration and Less in-migration to Kigali than other urban areas.
urbanization Government and private investors able to provide
planned and serviced low cost housing for migrates.
Fragmentation Land Registrations Project implemented as
of (rural) land planned. Fragmentation of land has stopped,
Micro Forest land area increases and balanced out-take
environm. prevails. General acceptance among urban
hazards population for public transportation. Effective
cropping introduced with increased yields on less
farmland. 80% of all transports are undertaken by
public transportation: MRT, BRT, cable cars, etc.
No air and water pollution.
Micro economic Same market force
incentives/entrepreneurship/thriftiness among

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How Does It Work?

The Plan will try to show the land use aspects of the three scenarios. Not all the key
drivers will have a visual and clear impact on land use. However, put together, the key
drivers will inform about plausible future development. And the future is not going to
move into the both extreme scenarios, most probably the will a variation how key drivers
will influence.

The idea is the that during monitoring, for example the review being made in year 2015,
the characteristics of the key drivers can be analyzed, trends can be informed about and
measures can be taken to prevent an unwanted development.

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excluding Lake Kivu. Production started

in the beginning of June 2008 and ends
in spring 2010 and the objective is to
produce digital orthophoto images with
a resolution of 0.25 meters using the
photographs. The high resolution
orthophotos are going to be very
instrumental in the National Land
Registration Project.

In addition, the images are being used to

produce a nationwide coverage of Base
Maps at 1:50 000, covering the entire
country that be used for many purposes.
For example, the Base Map will very
useful when the next generation of
District Development Plans will be
prepared.

South west and is about 400 sqKm and

borders to DRC.

1.6 Maps (Spatial Data)

The Plan is accompanied by a state of art portfolio of spatial data:

The Aerial Photography covers almost the whole of Rwanda, about 26, 338
sqKm, with low altitude digital aerial photography. Given the difficulties with
permission to fly over the border to nearby countries and the extremely difficult
weather conditions, satellite imagery will be used to cover the remaining 4%

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Figure 2: Orthofoto. Figure 3: Basemap

Figure: Index Map above and example below Figure: Index Map above and example below

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Proposed Standards for Map Scales Accompanying Planning Instruments

Type of Information Product Purpose Hard Copy Scale

Type of Plan Reports Displays/Single Prints
LAND USE PLANS
National Land Use and Development Policy and guiding plan. Conditional 1:1,000,000 1:250,000 (A0)
Master Plan for other sector national plans and (A4)
subordinate land use plans as regard
to Areas of National Interest (AIN)

STUDA

District Development Plan Policy and guiding plan for district 1:250,000 1:50,000 (A1)
development with proposals for (A4)
development of urban and rural areas.

‘Urban Development Plan’ Policy and guiding plan or 1:50,000 (A4)? 1:10,000(A?)?
zoning/conditional for development of
gazetted urban areas?

UDP

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‘Action Area Plan’ Detailed and binding directives for 1:2,000?

designated urban/built-up areas
pointed out in the Urban Development
Plan or as Projects with major land
use impact in the District Development
AAP Plan. Zoned and strictly conditional.

(Graph here) Cadastre Property identification. 1:500?

Strictly conditional.

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