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Table of Contents

Table of Figures................................................................................................................................................... 8
List of Tables: ................................................................................................................................................ 11
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
NOMENCLATURE: ............................................................................................................................... 13
Terms used: ....................................................................................................................................... 13
Variables relating to CFD results: ..................................................................................................... 13
CHAPTER - 1 ................................................................................................................................................... 14
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... 14
1.1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 15
1.2 PROBLEM BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................... 16
1.3 PROJECT AIM & OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................... 17
1.4 DISSERTATION DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................ 17
1.5 PROJECT SURVEY & OBSERVATION ................................................................................ 18
1.6 PROJECT LIMITATION .......................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER 2 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20
LITERATURE REVIEW & THEORITICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................ 20
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................... 21
2.2 GENERAL CONCEPTS ............................................................................................................. 24
2.2.1 LIFT CONCEPT ................................................................................................................... 24
2.2.2 DRAG CONCEPT ................................................................................................................. 25
2.2.3 BERNOULLI’S EQUATION ............................................................................................... 26
Application in the research model: .................................................................................................. 27
2.3 AERODYNAMIC FORCES ....................................................................................................... 28
2.3.1 DRAG FORCE ...................................................................................................................... 28
2.2.2 LIFT FORCE ......................................................................................................................... 28
2.3.3 DOWNFORCE ...................................................................................................................... 29
2.4 AERODYNAMIC PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION.................................................................... 30
Application in the research work: ...................................................................................................... 34
2.5 RELATION BETWEEN COFFICIENTS OF DRAG & LIFT............................................... 34
2.6 AERODYNAMIC PRODUCT - REAR SPOILERS ................................................................ 34
2.6.1 HEIGHT OF REAR SPOLIERS ........................................................................................... 35

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 2.7 CONTINUTY EQUATION ........................................................................................................ 37
Application in the research: ............................................................................................................... 38
2.8 NAVIER STOKES EQUATION ................................................................................................ 38
Application in the research: ............................................................................................................... 40
2.9 DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS & SIMILITUDE ....................................................................... 40
Application in the research: ............................................................................................................... 40
CHAPTER 3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 41
METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................ 41
3.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 42
3.1.1 QUALITATIVE VS. QUANTITATIVE: QUESTIONS & APPROACH ............................ 42
 Qualitative Methods: ..................................................................................................................... 42
Coherence of qualitative method in the research work: .................................................................... 42
 Quantitative Methods: ................................................................................................................... 43
Coherence of qualitative method in the research work: .................................................................... 43
3.2 ENGINEERING DETERMINING METHODS ..................................................................... 44
3.2.1 EXPERIMENTAL METHOD: ............................................................................................. 44
3.2.2 ANALYTICAL METHOD: .................................................................................................. 45
3.2.3 NUMERICAL METHOD: .................................................................................................... 45
1. Finite Difference Method: ......................................................................................................... 45
2. Finite Element Method: ............................................................................................................. 46
3. Finite Volume Method: ............................................................................................................. 46
3.3 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ............................................................................. 47
3.3.1 INTRODUCTION TO CFD .................................................................................................. 47
3.3.2 HOW DOES CFD MAKE PREDICTIONS? ........................................................................ 47
3.3.3 CFD ANALYSIS PROCESS ................................................................................................ 48
3.3.4 MESHING ............................................................................................................................. 49
1. Structured mesh generation: .............................................................................................................. 49
a. Algebraic grid generation: ............................................................................................................. 50
b. PDE Mesh generation: ................................................................................................................... 50
2. Unstructured mesh generation: ...................................................................................................... 51
3.3.5 MESH QUALITY ................................................................................................................. 53
1. Mesh Element Distribution:.......................................................................................................... 53
2. Cell Quality: ................................................................................................................................. 54
3.3.6 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ............................................................................................... 54
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