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THE OXFORD ENCYCLOPEDIA ECONOMIC HISTORY Joel Mokyr Editor in Chief VOLUME 1 Accounting and Bookkeeping Contract Labor and the Indenture System OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 2003 OXFORD Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires CapeTown Chennai DaresSalaam Delhi HongKong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairok StoPaulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Copyright © 2003 by Oxford University Press, Ine. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 ‘wonw. oup.com Oxford isa registered trademark of Oxford University Press Allrights reserved. No part of this publication may be repreluced, stored ina retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, ‘without the prior written permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ‘The Oxford encyclopedia of economic history/Joel Mokyr editor in chiet p.cm, Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-510507-9 (set) TSBN0-19-517090.3 (x 1: alk. paper) TSBN0-19-517091-1 (x. 2:alk. paper) ISBN 0-19-517092-X (x 3:alk. paper) ISBN 0-19-517093-8 x 4: alk. paper) TSBN0-19-517094-6 x 5:alk. paper) 1, Economic history-Encyclopedias. 1. Title: Encyclopedia of ‘economic history. IL Mokyr, Joel. IL. Oxford University Press. HCI15.094 2003 330:03-de21 2003008992, 135798642 Printed inthe United States of. ‘onacid-fre paper | List of Articles VOLUME 1 Air Transportation maa = Historical Overview List of Maps Technological Change Preface Industrial Organization and Regulation Topical Outline Alkaloids Alsace ‘THE OXFORD ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Fee crate pees ECONOMIC HISTORY cued Oheaiet Inca Economy a Aztee Economy ‘Accounting and Bookkeeping ‘Maya Econoeny hasan Indigenous North American Economy B) Advertsin ‘Amsterdam Des tospeation Andean Region ‘Animal and Livestock Diseases Agnelli Family eee Agribusiness Arn SS ERrEY, Anthropometric History Agricola, Georgius Antiques Trade Agricultural Credit oe oe ae Agricultural Marketing alae Regional Trade Apprenticeship International Trade Arabia Agricultural Marketing Boar Argentina Agricultural Policy Avlowright, Richard Agricultural Prices ‘Armenia Agricultural Rents ‘Armour Family Agricultural Revolution Arms Industry pee Historical Overview Asia, Africa, and the Americas Industral Organization Agricultural Risk Management ® Art Markets Historical Overview Aion RSs a Asiento Agricultural Price Stabilization yeaa Sores Austral ® Arial Wages Aaa gricultin Austria before 1867 Hire Oven siege Technological Change Modern Austria Main Toots and Implements Automobile and Truck Industry Agricultural Production Systems Historical Overview Property Rights and Tenure Systems Technological Change Agricultural Inputs, Productivity, and Wages Industrial Organization and Regulation xii LISTOF ARTICLES B Babbage, Charles, Baby Boom Baghdad Bakunin, Mikhail Balance of Payments Balkans Baltic States Bangladesh Bank Failures Bank for International Settlements Banking Classical Antiquity Middle Ages and Early Modern Period Modern Period Barbados Bargaining, Collective Barings Barter and Barter Economies Beggar-My-Neighbor Policies Belgium Bell, Alexander Graham Bessemer, Henry Bessemer Process Bills of Exchange Birth Control and Contraceptives Black Country a2 Informal Sector Blast Furnaces Bloch, Mare Bombay Bonds ® Book Industry Historical Overview ‘Modem Book Publishing Libraries and Bookstores Boulton, Matthew Braudel, Fernand Brazil @ Bretton Woods System Brown Family Bruges Brunel Family Brunner Family Bubble Act of 1720 @ Bu © Business Cycles ~~ Byzantine Empire Black Markets, Underground Economies, and the S c Cadbury Family Caleutta ‘Campbell, Joseph Canada Capitalism Capital Markets Capital Markets before 1750 Capital Markets afier 1750 Caribbean Region Pre-Emancipation Period Post-Emancipation Period Carnegie, Andrew Cartels and Collusion Historical Overview Concentration and Entry Price-Fixing and Vertical Constriants Price Discrimination Carthage Cassava Catalonia Cattle Central Africa Ancient Period Central Africa from 1500 to 1850 Central Africa from 1850 to the Present Central American Countries Central Asia Central Banking Central South American States Ceramics Cereals Chaebol Chandler, Alfred D. Charities Chavez, Cesar Chemical Industries ‘An Introduction Chemical Industries before 1850 Chemical Industries afier 1850 Chicago Child Care Child Labor Children Chile China Ancient and Feudal China Tang, Song, and Yuan Dynasties ig and Qing Dynasties Republican Period Communist China Chrysler, Walter Clan Land Clapham, John 8 Climate and Climate History Cliometries| ‘Clock Making and Time Measutement Clothing Trades Coal Basins Coats Famil Cockerill, John Cocoa Coffee Coke Smelting Collective Action Collective Agriculture and Collectivization Colombia Command Economies Commercial and Trade Diasporas @® 3

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