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Design Patterns

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Overall training 1. Design Patterns
2. Enterprise Design Patterns
program 3. Scalable architectures
4. Microservices & Web API
5. Cloud native architectures
6. Container technology

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Agenda •

•
Introductions

VM setup

• Design patterns

• Creational patterns
• Abstract Factory

• Singleton

• Hands-on Labs 1-2

• Structural patterns
• Adapter

• Decorator

• Façade

• Hands-on Labs 3-5

• Behavioral patterns
• Chain of Responsibility

• Observer

• Strategy

• Hands-on Labs 6-8

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Introductions

• Who are you?

• What do you (like to) do?
• Are you familiar with design patterns?

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VM access
1. Azure DevTest lab: Centric
2. Claimable virtual machines -> Claim
3. My virtual machines -> Connect
4. Credentials: centric / Centric123!
5. Wait
6. Start VS2017
7. Sign in with VS Account
8. Solutions are located in C:\Repos\

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Design patterns
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What is a design pattern?
• Description of a solution for a
well known problem

Published in 1994!
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Four elements of a design pattern
• Pattern name
Identifies the problem, solution(s) and consequences

• Problem
When to apply the pattern

• Solution
Describes elements of the design

• Consequences
The result and trade-offs of applying the pattern

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Why do we use design patterns?
• Improve communication

• Apply proven solutions for well known problems

Be careful!

• Applying design patterns is a means to achieve a goal, it’s not a goal by

itself.

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Design pattern categories
• Creational

• Structural

• Behavioral

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Creational design patterns
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Abstract Factory
Intent
Provide an interface for creating families of
related or dependent objects without
specifying their concrete classes.

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Abstract Factory
Consequences
+ Provides good isolation of concrete classes and client

+ Easy to exchange factories

+ Promotes consistency between products

- Supporting very different products requires a lot of changes

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Abstract Factory
In .NET Framework
DbProviderFactory

Can create Commands, Connections, DataAdapters.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/data/adonet/dbproviderfactories

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Abstract Factory
Demo

Xpirit.DesignPatterns

Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Creational

AbstractFactory

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Singleton
Intent
Ensure a class has only one instance and
provide a global point of access to it.

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Singleton
Consequences
+ Controlled access to one instance

- Can be easily misused

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Singleton
In the .NET Framework
WCF service instance
[ServiceBehavior(InstanceContextMode=InstanceContextMode.Single)]
public class CalculatorService : ICalculatorInstance
{
...
}

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/wcf/feature-details/sessions-instancing-and-concurrency

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Singleton
Demo

Xpirit.DesignPatterns

Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Creational

Singleton

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Hands-on Lab: 1
1. Open solution: DesignPatterns-Creational-Labs.sln.
2. Examine the files in the AbstractFactory folder in the Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Creational project.
3. Refactor the code to implement the AbstractFactory pattern.
4. Ensure the unit tests marked with [Trait(“Creational”, “AbstractFactory“)] all pass.

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Hands-on Lab: 2
1. Open solution: DesignPatterns-Creational-Labs.sln.
2. Examine the files in the Singleton folder in the Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Creational project.
3. Refactor the code to implement the Singleton pattern.
4. Ensure the unit tests marked with [Trait(“Creational”, “Singleton“)] all pass.

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Structural design patterns
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Adapter
Intent
Convert the interface of a class into another
interface clients expect.

Adapter lets classes work together that

couldn't otherwise because of incompatible
interfaces.

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Adapter
Consequences
+ Adapter could adapt different Adaptees

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Adapter
In .NET Framework
DbDataAdapters

SqlDataAdapter custAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter( customerQuery, customerConnection);

OleDbDataAdapter ordAdapter = new OleDbDataAdapter( orderQuery, orderConnection);

DataSet customerOrders = new DataSet();

custAdapter.Fill(customerOrders, "Customers");
ordAdapter.Fill(customerOrders, "Orders");

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/data/adonet/populating-a-dataset-from-a-dataadapter

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Adapter
Demo

Xpirit.DesignPatterns

Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Structural

Adapter

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Decorator
Intent
Attach additional responsibilities to an
object dynamically.

Decorators provide a flexible alternative to

subclassing for extending functionality.

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Decorator
Consequences
+ More flexible than inheritance

+ Avoids large classes which implement all features

- Many small classes

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Decorator
In the .NET Framework
BufferedStream, CryptoStream

The constructor accepts another Stream and functionality is extended with

buffering/cryptography.

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Decorator
Demo

Xpirit.DesignPatterns

Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Structural

Decorator

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Facade
Intent
Provide a unified interface to a set of
interfaces in a subsystem.

Facade defines a higher-level interface that

makes the subsystem easier to use.

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Facade
Consequences
+ Shields clients from knowing about subsystems

+ Promotes weak coupling between clients and subsystems.

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Facade
In .NET Framework
XmlSerializer
Performs (de)serialization of objects, creates readers, writers and custom serializers.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.xml.serialization.xmlserializer

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Facade
Demo

Xpirit.DesignPatterns

Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Structural

Facade

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Hands-on Lab: 3
1. Open solution: DesignPatterns-Structural-Labs.sln.
2. Examine the files in the Adapter folder in the Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Structural project.
3. Refactor the code to implement the Adapter pattern.
4. Ensure the unit tests marked with [Trait(“Structural”, “Adapter“)] all pass.

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Hands-on Lab: 4
1. Open solution: DesignPatterns-Structural-Labs.sln.
2. Examine the files in the Decorator folder in the Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Structural project.
3. Refactor the code to implement the Decorator pattern.
4. Ensure the unit tests marked with [Trait(“Structural”, “Decorator“)] all pass.

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Hands-on Lab: 5
1. Open solution: DesignPatterns-Structural-Labs.sln.
2. Examine the files in the Facade folder in the Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Structural project.
3. Refactor the code to implement the Facade pattern.
4. Ensure the unit tests marked with [Trait(“Structural”, “Facade“)] all pass.

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Behavioral design patterns
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Chain of Responsibility
Intent
Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its
receiver by giving more than one object a
chance to handle the request.

Chain the receiving objects and pass the

request along the chain until an object
handles it.

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Chain of Responsibility
Consequences
+ Reduced coupling

- No guarantee of receipt

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Chain of Responsibility
In .NET Framework
Routed Events in WPF
An event raised in a child element can be handled by a parent element.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/wpf/advanced/routed-events-overview

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Chain of Responsibility
Demo
Xpirit.DesignPatterns

Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Behavioural

ChainOfResponsibility

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Observer
Intent
Define a one-to-many dependency between
objects so that when one object changes
state, all its dependents are notified and
updated automatically.

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Observer
Consequences
+ Abstract coupling between Subject and Observer

+ Supports broadcasting of notifications

- Cascading updates

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Observer
In .NET Framework
IObservable<T> interface

Defines a Subscribe method to register observers.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-US/dotnet/api/system.iobservable-1

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Observer
Demo

Xpirit.DesignPatterns

Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Behavioural

Observer

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Strategy
Intent
Define a family of algorithms, encapsulate
each one, and make them interchangeable.

Strategy lets the algorithm vary

independently from clients that use it.

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Strategy
Consequences
+ Good alternative to subclassing the context

+ Eliminates conditional statements

- Clients must be aware of available Strategies

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Strategy
In .NET Framework
IEquatable<T> and IComparable<T> interfaces

Can be used to change behavior of equality and sorting of collections.

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/collections/comparisons-and-sorts-within-collections

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Strategy
Demo

Xpirit.DesignPatterns

Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Behavioural

Strategy

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Hands-on Lab: 6
1. Open solution: DesignPatterns-Behavioural-Labs.sln.
2. Examine the files in the ChainOfResponsibility folder in the Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Behavioral project.
3. Refactor the code to implement the Chain of Responsibility pattern.
4. Ensure the unit tests marked with [Trait(“Behavioral”, “Chain of Responsibility“)] all pass.

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Hands-on Lab: 7
1. Open solution: DesignPatterns-Behavioural-Labs.sln.
2. Examine the files in the Observer folder in the Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Behavioral project.
3. Refactor the code to implement the Observer pattern.
4. Ensure the unit tests marked with [Trait(“Behavioral”, “Observer“)] all pass.

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Hands-on Lab: 8
1. Open solution: DesignPatterns-Behavioural-Labs.sln.
2. Examine the content in the Strategy folder in the Xpirit.DesignPatterns.Behavioral project.
3. Refactor the code to implement the Strategy pattern.
4. Ensure the unit tests marked with [Trait(“Behavioral”, “Strategy“)] all pass.

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 Think ahead. Act now.

Marc Duiker
mduiker@xpirit.com
@marcduiker

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