India-A Threat to Life lar- no lecy caicelaiay Population Ea ONW LY Pakistan’s First Monthly E-Magazine for Civil Services Aspirants Srna Leo Coronavirus - Federal Budget Biatoesier- race) LL Al LV ae) ae) rr sae — CN www.hsmpublishers.comBuy HSM Books Online Books for Competitive Exams & Military Tests a Just while sitting at home you can choose from a vast variety, and your desired Competitive Exams CSS/PMS/PCS/NTS and Military Tests (Army, ISSB/PAF/NAVY) HSM Books will be efficiently delivered to you on the designated date. Spectacular services and satisfying our customers will always be our most significant priority. We hope you have a worthy shopping experience at . www.hsmpublishers.com Thank you. HSM Publishers was started in 2013 as a publishing division of Ilmi Kitab Khana, founded by Haji Sardar Muhammad in 1945. Today it proudly owns: + Ilmi Kitab Khana Lahore + HSM Publishers Lahore + Ilmi Kitab Khana/HSM Publishers Islamabad F-7 Islamabad (Islamabad showroom where one finds under one roof the widest range of All kinds of Schools/Colleges/Universities educational pos Competitive Exams, ey Exam books and General Knowledge ooks ) 2Monthly CSS Times HS. July 2020, 4 UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com International Day 5 World Population Day 2020 Theme of World Population Day 2020 According to UNFPA, this year world population day 2020 theme will focus on- Putting the breaks on COVID-19: how to safeguard the health & rights of women and girls now World Population Day 2020 World population day is one of the most important awareness day celebrated annually ‘on every 11" July. The aim of celebrating the world population day is to spread awareness about the issues of the global population and the importance of reproductive health. According to UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres " Sustainable Development 2030 agenda is the world's blueprint for a better future for all on a healthy planet. On World Population Day we recognise that this mission is closely interrelated with demographic trends including population growth, ageing, migration and urbanisation’. Population issue includes family planning, gender equality, child marriage, human rights, right to health, baby’s health etc. Therefore, World Population Day focuses on the importance of reproductive health and how it affects overall growth and development plans and programs. This year the UNFPA's goal on World Population Day 2020 is to raise awareness of women's and girls’ needs for sexual and reproductive health and vulnerabilities during the pandemic. Also, to highlight how we can safeguard stronger progress and hold SRHR on the local agenda and how the momentum for achievement of the SDGs we mobilized in Nairobi by 2030 is to be sustained. The COVID-19 crisis has impacted individuals, cultures and economies all over the world. However, not all are equally affected. For example , women who make up the largest share of health care staff in the front line are disproportionately exposed to coronavirus. Supply chains across the globe are being disrupted, affecting contraceptive supply and also causing the increasing risk of unintended Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comMonthly duly 2020 UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com HSM CSS Times International Day "Family Planning is a '|Human Right" Ba NY pregnancy. Sexual and reproductive health services are being sidelined as countries are ‘on lock-down and health systems are struggling to cope, and gender-based violence is on the rise. In addition, the women who works in insecure labor markets are disproportionately, hit harder by COVID-19's economic effects. In the informal economy, nearly 60 percent of women worldwide are at increased risk of poverty. As a result of school closures and increased needs of the elderly, the work of women in unpaid care has increased. This year's theme will focus on different angle The UNFPA's response to COVID-19: The global plan for response of COVID-19 will describes that how the organization reacts to the worldwide pandemic. The impact of COVID-19 on the “Three Zeros.” Whether your country faces challenges from sexual and gender-based violence, marriage between children and female genital mutilation, or making contraceptive services more readily available and accessible, a recent COVID- 19 analysis has shown that problems such as unintended pregnancies, including among teenagers, can be exacerbated. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | World Population Day: History World leaders in 1968 proclaimed that public had a basic human right to determine freely and responsibly the number and timing of their children. In 1989, World Population Day was established by the Governing Council of the United National Development Programme as an outgrowth of the Day of Five Billion which was observed on 11 July, 1987. By the time, now it is necessary to generate awareness among public about the population issues and the impact they have ‘on development and environment. There are 9 standards which are set to support family plannin Non-discrimination: Family planning should not be cramped on the basis of race, sex, language, religion, national origin, age, economic status, place of residence, disability status, marital status, sexual orientation or gender identity. Available and Accessible: Every country must ensure that family planning commodities and services are available and accessible to everyone. Acceptable: Contraceptive measures and information must be conveyed in a dignified manner, respecting both modern medical ethics and cultures, Good quality: Family planning information must be accurate. Informed decision-making: Every person must be empowered to make reproductive choices with full autonomy, free of pressure, coercion or misrepresentation. Privacy and confidentiality: All individuals must enjoy the right to privacy when seeking family planning information and services. Participation: Countries should ensure the active participation of individuals in decisions that affect them, including : Everyone including leaders and policymakers must be accountable to the people they serve in all efforts to realize the human right to family planning. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,We are Looking for Writers Required Areas of Expertise are CSS/PMS/PCS. Experienced Teachers and Qualified CSPs Contact us at 042-37171280, 0321-4226801 or kamran.munir@ilmikitabkhana.comMonthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 PAKISTAN eel TNA ere died since COVID-19 — the disease caused by the novel coronavirus — first emerged in China back in December 2019. Coronavirus - The Situation in Pakistan The coronavirus, codenamed COVID-19, was first traced and reported back on November 1, in the Wuhan city of China and has since wreaked havoc worldwide. With over 8.66 million reported cases and approximately 460,000 deaths to date, it was declared a global pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. Although the exact source of this RNA virus remains to be officially named, amidst numerous conspiracy theories and opinions, it is believed to have been contracted from a species of bats and contrary to popular belief, it is neither caused by 5G towers nor does some multibillion-dollar corporation have a stake in its spread. General situation The coronavirus outbreak in Pakistan is getting progressively worse, with more than 220,000 infections and upwards of 4,500 deaths from the respiratory disease recorded on as of July 3, 2020. Ona global scale, over 10.5 million people have been infected and more than half a million have UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com COVID-19 The COVID19 situation is worsening in Pakistan. Unfortunately, the country has crossed the 200,000 cases mark. During the past week, an average of 50+ deaths/day and 4,000+/- new cases/day has been registered. However, this slowdown in the numbers cannot be termed as a definitive peak in the spread of the COVID19. Domestic and international flights, intercity transport and reduced train service are operational. Commercial and industrial activity is resuming slowly. Selective Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 lockdown has been imposed again in certain areas in various large cities (LHR, ISB) according to emergence of new cases. Preventive Measures While the COVID19 numbers show a relative slowdown, this doesn't mean the pandemic has reached a peak. Therefore, the government has imposed lockdown measures again in selected area in various large cities (LHR, ISB), according to emergence of new cases. All travelers coming from abroad are screened at the airport & only those with symptoms are quarantined the rest are allowed to go home. Wearing of facial masks in all public places has been made mandatory by the Federal government. Exit Strategy The State Bank of Pakistan is envisaging the financing of two large scale housing projects in the public and private sector following the incentive scheme launched by the government to promote activities in the construction sector. The government has increased the prices of various petroleum products. The increase ranges from 27% to 66% for different products. Pakistan signed 3 loan agreements worth $ 1.5 billion with the World Bank (WB), Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Asian Infrastructure Development Bank (AIIB) for combating COVID19 crisis. $500 million extended under ADB CARES program and aimed at strengthening the health system and mitigate socioeconomic impacts of the pandemic COVID-19 $500 million AIIB co-financing under the same program to mitigate direct and indirect impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic $500 million aims to strengthen the civil registration and vital statistics, health and education systems Economy: The economy of Pakistan paints a similar picture: with the country being a low-income developing entity, its economic metrics were showing signs of mild improvement prior to the pandemic and inflation was expected to stay at a single digit figure after soaring to 7.3% in 2019. Economic impact The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) has reported that Pakistan achieved a current account surplus of $13 million in May compared to a deficit of $530 million in the previous month of April and $1 billion in May 2019. This surplus was primarily achieved due to the drop in exports (US$ 1.27 billion) and import payments (US$ 2.8 billion), The IMF has lowered the growth forecast for Pakistan to 1% for the next fiscal year. In April the IMF had forecast a 2% growth rate for FY20- 21 Large scale manufacturing sector activity has slowed down by 41% in April 2020 compared to the same period last year. Overseas remittances from expatriate Pakistanis decline by 4.3% in March-April 2020. The World Bank had indicated a decline of 23% for the whole year 2020. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,S Times For 3rd consecutive month textile and clothing exports declined, going down by 36.5% in May 2020 to reach US$ 751,13 million compared to US$ 1.19 billion same month last year. Trade barriers Custom duties and other taxes have been waived on the import of the finished injectable Remdesivir used in the treatment of COVID19. The authorities have already exempted 61 medical and testing equipment used for COVID19 till 30 September 2020. Measures for economic relaunch The State Bank of Pakistan has cut the interest rate by 100 basis points to 7% to push up growth. This is the Sth rate cut since the spread of COVID19 in March. Since then the SBP has slashed the policy rates by 625 basis points from 13.25%. Under the Export Enhancement Package, the Federal Government has released Pkr 6.2 Billion as cash subsidies to the textile sector. In the recently announced budgetary proposals for the FY 2020-21, the government has announced economic relaunch incentives for various sectors (Note: These are budgetary proposals subject to ratification by the Parliament). The proposed regulatory duty exemptions, reductions or incentives apply to hot rolled coils, scrap, raw materials for beverage can manufacturing, life-saving drugs, inputs for ready-to-use supplementary foods, diagnostic kits for cancer and COVID19, raw materials for packaging industry, palm stearin for soap industry, cement, edible oils / oilseeds, accessories for textile industry, imported coal. UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com COVID-19 Economic outlook In consultation with the IMF the Ministry of Finance expects the economy to rebound with a growth of 4-4,5% in the next 3 years and the total revenue posting a growth of 3% of the GDP. The fiscal deficit would be halved to 4.8% of the GDP and the current expenditure to go down to 22% of the GDP from 23.5% for the outgoing year. During the week ending June 12, the foreign exchange reserves of the State Bank of Pakistan have increased by US$ 11 million to reach US$ 10.107 billion. The Asian Development Bank has announced that Pakistan is likely to hold the economic growth to a projected 2% in the next fiscal year once the COVID19 impact subsides. Short term opportunities Flemish companies continue to write to the post in order to prepare the grounds for the ‘opening of the market when the situation in Pakistan normalizes again. Long term opportunities Apart from the healthcare & medical and building & construction sectors, the long-term opportunities for Flemish countries would depend on the offer and expertise of Flanders region which are already well regarded in Pakistan (steel, metals, chemicals, raw materials, industrial machinery and goods, etc.) Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Economy ~ The National Assembly of Pakistan approved the federal budget for the fiscal year 2020- 2021 on Jun 29 2020. The size of the federal budget has been set at Rs7.137tr, which is almost L1pc lower than the budget estimates of 2019-20. The overall subsidies have been targeted to be slashed by 48pc to Rs180bn for the next year against Rs350bn this year, while power sector subsidies would come down from Rs200bn this year to Rs124bn next year, a fall of 38pc. The budget 2020-21 has the following salient features: Total outlay of budget 2020-21 is Rs 7,294.9 billion. This size is 11 percent lower than the size of budget estimates 2019-20. The resource availability during 2020-21 has been estimated at Rs 6,314.9 billion against Rs 4,917.2 billion in the budget estimates of 2019-20. The net revenue receipts for 2020-21 have been estimated at Rs 3,699.5 billion indicating an increase of 6.7 percent over the budget estimates of 2019-20. The provincial share in federal taxes is estimated at Rs 2,873.7 billion during 2020-21, which is 11.7 percent lower than the budget estimates for 2019-20 LOSERS SEER apres Tobacco FED increase y vp to 100% on tobaecorette products FED a0 (rood on ecgmretes ‘Automobile {ey of 7S FED ae valorem incase of lacy manutactored dob cabin (Gut icp vehicles and 25% nthe case of nported es Textile Zerorating rat restored ceste massive mand Fertiliser nt hep 5 rang on aller roc 2% i 6ST tou on feed em 20 remained unchanged a Beverages Imponton of 25% FED on caffeinated erery dink Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com igure given in the graph is Net Federal Revenues that ulated after provincial transfers under the Nr Rk cea} ese aera Tee Int) The net capital receipts for 2020-21 have been estimated at Rs 1,463.2 billion against the budget estimates of Rs 831.7 billion in 2019-20 reflecting an increase of 75.93 percent The external receipts in 2020-21 are estimated at Rs 2,222.9 billion, This shows a decrease of 26.7 percent over the budget estimates for 2019-20. The overall expenditure during 2020-21 has been estimated at Rs 7,294.9 billion, out of which the current expenditure is Rs 6,345 billion Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | Economy yao CX be.) 7.0% of GDP (BILUONS) GErAeera || The development expenditure outside PSDP has been estimated at Rs 70 billion in the budget 2020-21. The size of Public Sector Development Programme (PSDP) for 2020-21 is Rs 1,324 billion. Out of this, Rs 676 billion has been allocated to provinces. Federal PSDP has been estimated at Rs 650 billion, out of which Rs 418.7 billion for Federal Ministries/Divisions, Rs 100.4 billion for Corporations, Rs 3 billion for Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 202 Here's how the fiscal deficit is calculated: the government expects {o collect gross'revenues of is6,573 billion, which comprises both tax and non-tax revenues. From thi Ris2,874bn are to be transterred the provinces under the National Finance Commission Award. So net federal revenues are As3,699bn. At the same time, the centre ‘expects the provinces to run a surplus of 5242bn, so this amount Gets added to net federal receipts, Which comes to Rs3,941bn. Subtracting the total expendi of Re7.136bn from this amount then Fields the fiscal deticn of Rs3.199bn, or 7pc of the GDP. Small discrepancies of about Raibn might creep into the numbers. Sue to rounding errors in budget documents: BUDGET AT A GLANCE Economy BUDGET EXPLAINER Gross Federal Revenues -Finattenanee XC “Se aN Rs 242bn NET FEDERAL REVENUE Rs 3,700bn TOTAL TOTAL RESOURCES EXPENDITURE RS6,873bn Rs 7,136bn CRsin Billion ) Last year (billions) FBR revenue (budgeted): 5,555 FBR revenue (revised): 3,908 Non-tax: 894 Other: Rs 267 Lost year qitions) Debt service: 2,891 Defence: 1,153 PSDP: 701 Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comAccording to FPSC Revised, syllabi enirvesn ssc Wraita) ee ee baa ees Ua h iri Ce chan e c Ei canal \CcQs Wee ee ona iN ine: www.hsmpublishers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 (ERA), Rs 7 billion for COVID responsive and other natural calamities programme. Revenue Receipts: Total Federal Board of Revenue taxes for the year 2020-21 are estimated at Rs 4,963 billion. Non-tax revenues for the upcoming year are estimated at Rs 1,108.9 billion, Gross revenue receipts are estimated at Rs 6,573.22 billion out of which provincial share is Rs 2,873 billion The net revenue receipts for federal government in budget 2020-21 are estimated at Rs 3,699 billion, showing an increase of 6.8 percent over the budget estimates of 2019-20 and 19.24 percent over revised estimates of outgoing fiscal year 2019-20. ~S Tae OF BUDGET 2020 Cement FED on cement fms reduced by 3025 pr h, whichs equivalent to Consumer ‘Additional customs duty on edible land seeds has been exerted Customs duty on rat materi of fod packaging industry hasbeen exemoted ‘Customs duty on ready tous food supplement has aso been exempted @ Banks Withlding taxon foreign remittance is beng removed to bolster terrttances trough offeal chanel ‘Gont borowing target rom banks for FY2 is propose at RSS lon @ Steel Reduction n regulatory ty rom 12.5% and 175% t 6% and 11%, steel respectively UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Economy 13 External Resources: The government obtained loans and grants to bridge the gap between the receipts and expenditure. The net external resources for 2020-21 after deduction of foreign loans repayment (Rs 1,228 billion) and repayment of short term credits (Rs 183 billion) have been projected at Rs 810.34 billion are lower by 73 percent and 64.34 percent respectively when compared with budget and revised estimates 2019-20. Current Expenditures: Total current expenditures of federal government for the year 2020-21 are estimated at Rs 6,344 billion which are 16.7 percent and 12.99 percent lower when compared to the revised estimation and actual estimation of current expenditures during outgoing year. Mark-up payments for the year 2020-21 have been estimated at Rs 2,946 billion out of which Rs 2,631 billion would be paid on domestic debt and Rs 315 billion on foreign debt. Expenditures of Rs 470 billion have been estimated for pensions which are 1.4 percent higher when compared to the revised estimates of Rs 463.4 billion for the outgoing year 2019-20. For Defence Affairs and Services, an amount of Rs 1,289 billion has been estimated for the year 2020-21 compared to revised estimation of Rs 1,227 billion for the outgoing fiscal year 2019-20. For grants and transfers, Rs 904 billion have been estimated against Revised estimation of Rs 1,177 billion for the year 2019-20. Subsidies have been estimated at Rs 209 billion against revised estimation of Rs 349.5 billion for 2019-20. For running of Civil government, Rs 475.7 billion have been estimated for the fiscal year 2020-21 against revised expenditures of Rs 445.8 billion in 2019-20. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com "The Hindutava Supremacist Modi government with its arrogant, expansionist policies akin to Nazi's Lebensraum (Living Space) is becoming a threat to India’s neighbors. Bangladesh through Citizenship ‘Act, border dispute with Nepal and China, and Pakistan threatened with false flag operation,” Pakistan's Prime Minister said in a series of tweets. To him, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has arrogant expansionist policies which are becoming a threat to India’s neighbors. Literally, itis a reality which is based on true evidences. There is no denying the fact that it is not about the policy of contemporary political leadership in India but the history of Indian foreign policy suggests that New Delhi By: Zain Raza Baloch Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | Current Affairs 14 had always been engaged in virulent and diabolic activities which made the region disturbed. For instance the claim and revelation made by Jawahar Lal Nehru about his (India's) involvement in the breakup of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) justifies the assertion. “India accepted the partition with the conviction that the new state was not viable and would collapse in a short time". - Jawaharlal Nehru It is a recognized fact that India is a biggest threat to peace of South Asia. To substantiate the claim, following are strong evidences. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times _ly 2020 1- India-China recent border stand-off: The June 15 incident in the disputed Galwan Valley, an arid Himalayan area along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), the de facto border between the two nations, left 20 Indian soldiers dead. Indian and Chinese troops have been engaged in the standoff since early May at several points along the 3,500km (2,200- mile) LAC, most of which remains undemarcated. The heightened tensions between the world's two most populous countries have drawn. international concerns, with the United Nations urging both sides "to exercise maximum restraint’. CHINA-INDIA Border dispute UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Current Affairs According to India, China has occupied 38000 sq km of its territory in the Aksai Chin Plateau in the Western Himalayan, including the part of Ladakh. On the other hand, Beijing says that the territory is historically belongs to China. The question arises why China has done at this time? The answer is simply India’s expansionist policy. India has recently built 255 km road near the disputed area just to reach Aksai Chin. This naturally perturbed China and Beijing felt insecure by New Delhi's move. Resultantly, China occupied the territory and the tensions are going on and the peace of the region is on stake due to India's move. Why did the clash happen? Experts mainly cite two reasons for the deadliest clash since 1975. A major reason, according to some experts, is linked to India's unilateral move last year to India and China share 3,488km-long land border, most of which remain disputed. jborder Une of Contra mile) ‘Téakre (460 miles) Length of 3488 (2 Bi cesar sti I Depend ome wi Pian Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | 3 For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,“Practice Makes A Man Perfect” Solved Papers 2016-19 MeL EESS Etim Prpiation siadeg panjos Buy Online Think CSS- Think HSM HSM CSS Compulsory Subjects 2020 EDITION exam and not just gain knowledge. Here is where the previous year papers an important role. They authentic source to know the pattern of estions asked in both the \yzing these papers, you get an idea about w number of static a dynamic questions being asked over the So, solve more and more Previous Year CSS Papers for better understanding of the exam pattern and nature of questions askedUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 repeal Article 370 of the Indian constitution, which had guaranteed a measure of autonomy to the former Jammu and Kashmir state, which also included the disputed areas in Ladakh region. China, which, like Pakistan, saw India’s move as unilaterally affecting its territory, strongly denounced the move at the UN Security Council last year. Analysts also believe the current standoff is also a result of China's pushback against India's recent construction of infrastructure in border areas. a India inaugurated the 255km (158-mile) Darbuk-Shyok-Daulat Beg Oldie (DSDBO) road, built along the LAC, last year. China objected, seeing the move as a threat to its interests in the region. China's economic corridor to Pakistan and Central Asia passes through Karakoram, which is close to Galwan Valley, the site of the June 15 clash. Galwan Valley is close to Aksai Chin Plateau, which is under Chinese control but claimed by India. According to Happymon Jacob, professor of international relations at New Delhi-based Jawaharlal Nehru University, China considers the Ladakh region crucial for its "access to Central Asia and CPEC project with Pakistan in which they [China] have invested billions of dollars [about $60bn].” Recent Development: On June 30, 2020, top military commanders of Indian and Chinese armies are meeting in Ladakh's Chushul on Tuesday in their third attempt to ease tension along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) as Indian forces ramped up deployment along the border in a response to China's aggressive posturing. Current Affairs {1 The first two rounds had taken place in Moldo on the Chinese side of the LAC. In the second round of Corps Commander- level talks held on June 22, both sides reached a mutual consensus to disengage in the Eastern Ladakh sector, army sources said. The modilities for disengagement from all friction areas in Eastern Ladakh were discussed and these will be taken forward by both sides, sources added. The military commanders from both sides had met initially on June 6 and had agreed to disengage at multiple locations. India had asked the Chinese side to return to pre-May 4 military positions along the LAC. The Chinese side had not given any response to the specific Indian proposal and not even shown intent on the ground to withdraw troops from rear positions where they had amassed over 10,000 troops. 2- Nepal's chapter- another attempt to alter peace: The House of Representatives in Nepal on 13 June passed a controversial bill that introduced a new map that includes some disputed territories. India called this move “artificial enlargement of claims, not based on historical facts.” Nepal is another country where India is practically applying its expansionist policy. This again shows malicious plan of New Delhi instigate anger in the region. The border dispute between the countries began over India's inauguration of a Himalayan link road built in a disputed region. Nepal immediately denounced the move and issued a new political map of Nepal that showed the disputed territory within its borders. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 Limpiyadhura 2) Kalapa' (disput INDIA Uttarakhand \ ‘ Current Affairs and Limpiyadhura 8 ni, Lipulekh ed) CHINA Kalapani Lipulekh Pass NEPAL Sudurpashchim Pradesh Ma at Nepal's geopolitical stance and geographical position i.e. being a landlocked country has made it dependent on either India or China. Nepal and India share an open border of about 1,880 km (1,168 miles). The two countries have finalised maps covering 98% of the boundary, but the Lipulekh pass, Kalapani and Limpiyadhura in western Nepal are among the areas that remain contested. Together, the three areas cover about 370 sq km (140 square miles), Nepalese officials say. The strategic Lipulekh pass connects the Indian state of Uttarakhand with the Tibet region of China. Nepal and China have been angered by India's recent moves. Delhi's published its new map of the border region in November, after it divided Indian-administered Kashmir into Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. The map incorporated some of the territories disputed with Nepal inside India's borders. In retaliation, Nepal published its revised map last month showing the disputed areas within Nepal, infuriating India in return. "We urge the government of Nepal to refrain from unjustified cartographic assertion and respect India’s sovereignty and territorial integrity," the Indian foreign ministry said in a statement. How important is Nepal? As a landlocked nation, Nepal depended for many years on Indian imports, and India played an active role in Nepal's affairs. But in recent years Nepal has drifted away from India's influence, and China has gradually Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Mont! HSM CSS Times July 20: India and Nepal both claim the Kalapani territory filled the space with investments, aid and loans. China considers Nepal a key partner in its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and wants to invest in Nepal's infrastructure as part of its grand plans to boost global trade. On May 8, India's defence minister virtually inaugurated a new 80 km-long road in the Himalayas, connecting to the border with China, at the Lipulekh pass. The Nepali government protested immediately, contending that the road crosses territory that it claims and accusing India of changing the status quo without diplomatic consultations. Among the many escalatory moves since then, Nepal deployed police forces to the region, summoned the Indian ambassador in Kathmandu, and initiated a constitutional amendment to formalise and extend its territorial claims over approximately 400 sq km. India, on the other hand, has conveyed its ‘openness to a dialogue but does not seem to share Nepal's sense of urgency: its initial statement agreed to a dialogue, but only after the COVID-19 crisis. Over one month later, the bilateral crisis seems to now be stuck in a stalemate, a worrisome trend in otherwise friendly India- Nepal relations. Now both countries are engaged in war of words and there is a prevailing tension between two countries. Its simple, India has ‘once again tried its best to alter the peace of region through untoward moves. UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Current Affairs - 3-India- Australia Anti-China agreement: Australia has signed agreement with India which will allow both countries military ships and aircraft to refuel and access maintenance facilities at each other's bases. The deal is being viewed as part of broader security cooperation to counter China's growing economic and military weight in the region. This again has angered China as she believes that the agreement would disturb the balance of power in the region. Analysts of International relations say that the move by India would ultimately increase the tensions between India and China. Here the point is clear that New Delhi is an immediate reason Afghanistan's unrest. Afghanistan is a country often referred to as the graveyard of empires, has never been in peace. The country has witnessed bloodshed and chaos. Although, there are several factors behind the unrest in Kabul yet, the most important factor is India's involvement in the country. New Delhi uses the land to fulfill its vested interest. It is a recognized fact that India's Afghanistan policy is Pakistan-specific. India doesn't want peace in Afghanistan because unrest on Pakistan's western border mr ’ AFGHANISTAN Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Designed for CSS, PMS, PCS IR TuaTOretL TMT utelttsyo4 VA Buy online: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 makes it doubly challenging for Pakistan to secure its borders on two fronts. That is why New Delhi's never favored a peaceful political settlement between Taliban and Afghan government. To simplify, India is a major turdle in the way of peace in Afghanistan and Current Affairs 2 unrest in Kabul means unrest in region. 5- India's adventure of 2019 and Peaceful gesture by Pakistan. After the14th February Pulwama attack, Indian government accused Pakistan and later on claimed surgical strike inside Pakistan. Than on 27” February 2019, Pakistan shot down two Indian air crafts inside Pakistan air space and captured Indian Air Force pilot Abhinandan. Later, Pakistan handed over the Indian pilot to Indian authorities as a peace gesture. Indian's plans for an all-out war were thwarted by a mature and rational diplomacy by Pakistan. This entire episode, depicts who wants peace in the region and who is hell-bent on hurting peace. Another attempt was made by Modi government to change the special status of Indian Occupied Kashmir (OIK). The Indian government reversed the Article-370 (3) and Article-35 (A). The move invited severe criticism from other. countries and within the state. China's United Nations ambassador Zhang Jun said; “India's action has also challenged China's sovereign interests and violated bilateral agreement’. Ld ] Indian's tyranny events in the Indian Occupied Kashmir have turned the Kashmir issue into a nuclear flash-point. Chief of Pakistan Army General Qamar Javaid Bajwa warned India that; “Kashmir is @ disputed territory and any attempt to challenge the disputed status including any political cum military thought related to aggression will be responded with full national resolve and military might," Pakistan time and again asked for peaceful settlement of Kashmir issue but stubborn India has always refused. This suggests that India never want peace in the region. Moreover, Indian Media's antagonism , India’s efforts for regional supremacy and isolating Pakistan through platform like FATF, opening of non-military strategic methods in Gilgit- Baltistan and turning regional organization like SAARC into a dormant platform. Alll these evidences clearly manifest that India is a threat to regional peace. Countries within a disturbed region never witness peace , progress and development of areas like economy, social and political. People of South Asia are already reeling under grinding poverty. Peace can be ensured by cooperation. Now is a time for unity and regional countries should put more diplomatic pressure on India so that peace can be established in South Asia. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly SM CSS Times H duly 2020 UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Weapons & Mass Destruction 22 THAAD Defence Systems in South Korea The Pentagon on June 1, 2020 left open the possibility that the U.S. military is improving the capabilities of its advanced antimissile system in the southern region of the Korean Peninsula, contradicting a denial of any upgrade by Seoul's Ministry of National Defense. China's foreign ministry said it firmly opposes the U.S. Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile defence system in South Korea and urged the U.S. not to harm bilateral relations between Beijing and Seoul. What is THAAD Defence system? THAAD is an acronym for Terminal High Altitude Area Defense. It is a transportable, ground-based defense system. This anti-ballistic missile defense system has been designed and manufactured by the US company Lockheed Martin. How it Operates? THAAD is coupled with space-based and ground-based surveillance stations, which transfer data about the incoming missile and informs the THAAD interceptor missile of the Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | threat type classification. THAAD is alarmed about incoming missiles by space-based satellites with infrared sensors. Technical Specifications The THAAD system consists of five parts: 1. launchers, 2. missiles, 3. fire control, 4. the THAAD radar, 5. support equipment. THAAD missiles are 6.17 meters in length and have a single stage solid fuel rocket motor with thrust. They have a range of 200 kilometers and can reach up to 150 For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Times Weapons & Mass Destruction 23 Monthly HSM ( July 2020 Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Doi hsmpublishers.comeae are Ruri Pade aa HOST el ar eco pertain Nahe aaa Ts a Mar dca (cr a mi re Mehmood Parcs Buy online: www.h Ay it emerUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly SM CSS Times H duly 2020 kilometers in altitude; this is higher than any other missile defense system. The radar, on the other hand, can identify missile threats up to 1,000 kilometers in range. THAAD missiles use kinetic energy, destroying an incoming missile through collision (hit-to- kill). A typical THAAD battery consists of 6-9 launch vehicles, two fire control centers, and a ground-based radar. The launch vehicles are 12 meters in length and 3.25 meters wide and are equipped 8 missiles or interceptors. There are two possible modes for the radar. The first is the forward-based mode, in which the system is aimed at target detection and tracking of missiles during the boost phase of their trajectory. The second is terminal mode, with the aim of target acquisition and tracking in the terminal phase of a missile's trajectory as it descends towards its target. Where All it has been Deployed? South Korea, the UAE, Guam, Israel and What is this South Korea-China controversy over THAAD about? US has a base in South Korea. So, the US operates THAAD missile defense system in this base. The US had previously announced that the deployment of this missile defense system was a countermeasure against potential attacks by North Korea, particularly after the country had engaged in testing ballistic missiles. This was felt necessary for the US because, in 2017, matters escalated in the Korean Peninsula after North Korea test fired a few missiles in the direction Weapons & Mass Destruction 5 of US bases in Japan. These moves by the US and by extension, South Korea, particularly angered China China's Concerns are based on the Following: Even before official THAAD discussions started, Beijing expressed its opposition to the system. Although China is also opposed to North Korea's nuclear development, THAAD is seen as an attempt to undermine China's strategic interests in the region. There are several reasons for this position. First is China's fear that THAAD could be used to intercept Chinese missiles and spy on its territory. Both the U.S. and South Korea have denied this by stating that THAAD will only be used against North Korea. The THAAD battery will be placed interminal mode, thus making it unable to detect Chinese ICBMs. Furthermore, THAAD would be poorly positioned against Chinese intermediate- range missiles if launched at South Korea or Japan. The location of THAAD would allow it to theoretically intercept missiles from Tonghua, which would follow the same trajectory as those from North Korea, but not missiles from Dengshahe, Laiwu, and Hanchang, Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times Weapons & Mass Destruction 26 leploys 0 South Korea The U.S. military has begun installing a controversial missile defence shield in South Korea. The Terminal High-Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system is designed to protect against threats from North Korea HOWTHAAD WORKS c= = TERMINAL MID-couRSE PHASE PHASE Swe oIN In-flight target = ANTPY-2 wwites ~" X-band ee 2 a Launcher radar Carries eight interceptors Command centre Truck-mounted computers © Missile threat launch: THAAD effective against short- and medium- range ballistic missiles in their terminal phase of flight Bi Radar: Scans horizon for threats. Hostile missile can be detected at reported range of up to 2,000km 1) Command centre: Receives radar data for human verification of threat Launcher: Receives targeting data and launches interceptor. Hostile missile can be intercepted inside or just outside Earth’s atmosphere at altitude of up to 150km Bn r: Homes in using infrared seeker and destroys hostile _missile by force of impact Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly SM CSS Times uly 2020 Weapons & Mass Destruction UPN VOR Ln ee SRS el THAAD = INTERGEPTING A MISSILE. The system has a track record of 100% mission success in flight testing. However, a Pentagon report has shown that it is possible to change the system into forward- based modein just eight hours. Once in this mode, the radar's range would increase to 3,000 kilometers, making it possible to detect Chinese ICBMs heading towards the U.S. Although THAAD missiles would not be able to intercept Chinese ICBMs in their boost and mid-range phases, the information could be transferred to the early warning radar at the Clear Air Force Station in Alaska. This would make it possible for a warhead to be tracked from a greater distance than what is currently possible. The fact that two THAAD radars have already been stationed in Japan is already reason for concern for China, but an additional system in South Korea enables more precise detection, as the radar is 1,000 kilometers closer to its borders. A second worry for China is the fact that, through the deployment of THAAD, South Korea will have a long-term commitment with the U.S, thus strengthening its presence in Northeast Asia. In this context, China is also concerned about a stronger security alliance between South Korea, the U.S, and Japan, which raises fears of China's containment. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | In response, China has used its economic leverage and banned tour groups from visiting South Korea, as well as targeted its entertainment and car industries through unofficial sanctions. The South Korean conglomerate Lotte, which supplied the land for THAAD installations, has been deeply affected. In March 2017, Chinese regulators temporarily closed 75 Lotte stores throughout China, citing inspection failures. Although exchanges between Beijing and Seoul somewhat improved from late spring 2017, the subsequent acceleration of its deployment has seen relations again deteriorate. On August 21, 2017, Chinese Ambassador to South Korea Qiu Guohong reiterated that “THAAD is the greatest obstacle to developing China-South Korea relations and the most difficult problem since the establishment of diplomatic relations.” The system has inbuilt advanced radar systems that could track China's actions. The US having a presence in the region particularly through its many military bases in Japan and South Korea is particularly worrying for China. The US exerts influence over South Korea and For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Under Graduate 5- ey AM Pe ne ene au Buy online: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com HSM CSS 1 Japan and may interfere with Beijing's long- term military, diplomatic and economic interests in the region. How this Controversy has Affected South Korea? The impact of the controversy was not limited to a diplomatic level, but had far-reaching consequences 1. When the controversy first arose in 2017, China had hit South Korea economically. South Korean businesses, including large conglomerates found their diversified operations hampered. Post this development in 2017, tourism from China to South Korea fell drastically. South Korea's entertainment industry witnessed concerts, shows and other commercial ventures in China by K- pop stars being forced to cancel as a result of this controversy. South Korean cosmetics and beauty products that are extremely popular in China also witnessed their sales being impacted, due to calls on social media to boycott South Korean products What Next? Following the deployment of replacement missiles now, China has issued a statement urging the US not to harm bilateral relations between Beijing and Seoul. The US and South Korea have consistently maintained that these missiles are only to counter potential threats by North Korea. Summary The decision to deploy the anti-missile defense system THAAD was made in July 2016 by the previous South Korean government under President Park Geun-hye. The first launchers became operational in May 2017. Current South Korean President Moon Jae-in initially opposed the system but has since accelerated its deployment with additional launchers in response to North Korea's nuclear test on September 3. Both the U.S. and South Korea see THAAD as necessary to defend against North Korea's missile threat as well as a crucial part of their security strategy in Northeast Asia. Nevertheless, domestic opposition in South Korea has been strongest in Seongju County, where the system is deployed. THAAD strongly affects South Korea's relationships with its neighbors, especially China which has objected to its deployment, viewing it as an extension of U.S. strategic interests. North Korea sees the deployment of THAAD as an act of aggression and has accelerated its missile and nuclear programs with further tests. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com id oSUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Intl, ORGANIZATIONS Group of Seven (G-7) Club After a few weeks of uncertainty about the 46th annual summit of the G7 countries, US President Donald Trump has finally postponed this year's meeting on June 3, 2020. The canceled G-7 summit this week, unfortunately, is no great misfortune. Though it's a shame that the group of seven major industrialized nations’ leaders were not able to gather amid the raging global pandemic—and perhaps, even more likely, due to mounting tensions between the United States and its allies—the grouping was always unlikely to achieve much with U.S. President Donald Trump at the helm. That's why it proved so easy for world leaders to miss. Trump seemed to recognize this dated 1970s format was insufficient when he proposed inviting India, South Korea, Australia, and Russia to join a rescheduled summit in September. However, including a hostile actor like Vladimir Putin’s Russia in this group of leading democracies was obviously a nonstarter—especially since the G-20 already exists as a separate, broader grouping that includes both Russia and China. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 What is G7? The G7 (or Group of Seven) is a club of the world’s seven largest so-called advanced economies namely Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States — all claiming to be upholders of democracy, freedom, human rights and rule of law. How far they actually abide by these principles is a moot question. Interestingly, they represent just 10 percent of the world population but 40 percent of the global GDP, making them a highly influential group on the international stage. More than the postponement of the summit, the Mitglieder der G7 © Bundesministerium der Finanzen UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Intl. ORGANIZATIONS 3 observations made by Trump are inviting debate and discussion in international circles. President Trump feels that the group does not ‘properly represent what's going on in the world’. The G7, originally G8, was set up in 1975 as an informal forum bringing together the leaders of the world's leading industrial nations. The summit gathers leaders from the European Union (EU) and the following countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. —GroBbritannien Deutschland Italien > A Japan — Frankreich Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,ETO] Mer arnTn ta ANE G IS — = FN acc. Oe i Encyclopedia Ne Knowledge Pmacacas Objective (MCQs) rs Cia So 1 _ PAs) ui Poe _— a S sz Buy Online www.hsmpublishers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times July 2020, How did G7 become G8? Russia was formally inducted as a member in the group in 1998, which led G7 to become G8 However, Russian President Vladimir Putin’s condemnable act of moving Russian troops into eastern Ukraine and conquering Crimea in 2014 drew heavy criticism from the other G8 nations. The other nations of the group decided to suspend Russia from the G8 as a consequence of its actions and the group became G7 again in 2014. How the G-7 Summit Works? The G-7 nations meet at annual summits that are presided over by leaders of member countries on a rotational basis. The summit is an informal gathering that lasts two days)in which leaders of member countries discuss a wide range of global issues. The groundwork for the summit, including matters to be discussed and follow-up meetings, is done by the “sherpas", who are generally personal representatives or members of diplomatic staff such as ambassadors. UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Intl. ORGANIZATIONS ama oe Lt Significance: G7 is capable of setting the global agenda because decisions taken by these major economic powers have a real impact. Thus, decisions taken at the G7 are not legally binding, but exert strong political influence. Trump has termed the G7 an ‘outdated group of countries’ which needs enlargement by inviting Australia, India, Russia and South Korea. Now the meeting is likely to be held in September instead of late June. Of the four countries suggested by Trump, it is worth recalling that Russia was incorporated in the group in 1997 making it the G8, which lasted till 2014 when Russia was suspended indefinitely as a punishment for annexing Crimea from Ukraine. For the past five years, once again the group has been functioning as the G7. This year's G7 summit has gained more importance in the presence of Covid-19 that has claimed thousands of lives and millions of affected people in most of the G7 countries. Though President Trump's remarks about the composition of the G7 may have some merit in it, the countries he is planning to invite leave much to be desired. Australia is not even among the top 15 countries in terms of GDP. nor is it among the top 50 countries populations-wise. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com HSM CSS Times Intl. ORGANIZATIONS 34 INVITED COUNTRIES at 2019 G7 sumir, BIARRITZ | oewoctacr | mee cyt Be tvnnon Monthly INDIA BFE secon ‘SOURCE: FRENCH PRESIDENTS OFFICE, THE ELYSEE The exclusion of China is puzzling and the inclusion of India is even more surprising. If President Trump doesn't want to invite China for its human rights record, India has shown all disregard for democratic norms and human rights, and violated both national and international laws. But rather than entering into this controversy, perhaps it would be better to use the G20 as a better forum to discuss challenges to the world economy, especially in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. Be it G-7 or G20, the point is how the world powers are responding to the present crisis and how the future will unfold before us. President Trump's questionable decisions both domestically and on the foreign policy front do not portend well for the world and for America itself. Other countries such as China, India, Germany, Japan and Russia, should take the lead now and support the WHO in the fight against Covid-19. What criticisms have been made of the G7? 1. G7 gatherings tend to attract thousands of protesters. Many protesters claim the G7 — which has no representative from any African, Russian or Middle Eastern nation — is completely outdated. 2. Protest groups also use the worldwide platform as a stage to lobby and campaign on issues that are important to them. 3. G7 leaders are creating a wide gap between the ‘haves’ and the ‘have- nots’ both in their countries as well as across the globe, according to a new report published by non-profit Oxfam International. As a result, they are making the fight against alleviating poverty more difficult, claimed the report. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly CSS Times HSM duly 2020 China’s National Security Law for Hong Kong unveiled (July 1): A controversial national security law imposed by China on Hong Kong has come into force on July 1, 2020 punishing crimes of secession, sedition and collusion with foreign forces with terms of up to life in prison Beijing says the law is necessary to deal with separatism and foreign interference, but critics fear the legislation, which was approved in record time and not made public until after it was passed on Tuesday, will outlaw dissent and destroy the autonomy promised when Hong Kong was returned from the United Kingdom to China in 1997. On 28tn May 2020, Beijing passed legislation that empowered the Chinese Parliament to draft security laws for Hong Kong. Now China continues to tighten its grip on Honk Kong by planning to establish a "Special Bureau- National Security Office’ in Hong Kong that will have the rights to deal with criminal cases and analyze intelligence that is related to the national security Establishing a National Security Bureau in Hong Kong was confirmed after a three day (from 18th June to 20th Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com The World At A Glance... 35 June) meeting of the Legislative Affairs Commission (Top lawmaking committee in China). On 19th June 2020, it was also reported in Chinese media that all departments under the Hong Kong government will be directly answerable to Beijing once the legislation is implemented. Despite protests throughout Hong Kong and the international community China seems. determined to suppress democracy in Hong Kong. The Chinese legislation is likely to be implemented next week when the Standing Committee would meet in Beijing from 28th to 30th June 2020. Once it's implemented, the For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 controversial legislation is likely to override the existing laws in Hong Kong. Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of China since 1997 when the former colony was returned by Britain to China. Matters related to foreign affairs and defense of Hong Kong are controlled by China, rest it has its own- Executive, Legislative, and Independent Judicial Power. Details of the Law - Crimes of secession, subversion, terrorism and collusion with foreign forces punishable by up to life in prison Companies or groups that violate national security law will be fined and could have operations suspended. Damaging certain transportation vehicles and equipment will be considered an act of ‘terrorism’ ‘Anyone convicted of violating secu legislation will not be allowed to stand in any Hong Kong elections. The activities of a new national security agency and its personnel in Hong Kong will not be under the jurisdiction of local Authorities can surveil and wiretap persons suspected of endangering national security. The law will apply to permanent and non-permanent residents of Hong Kong. The law says the management of foreign NGOs and news agencies in Hong Kong will be strengthened WHO warns about a New and Dangerous phase of COVID-19 (June 19): “The world is in a new and dangerous phase. Many people are understandably fed up with being at home. Countries are understandably eager to open up their societies and economies’, WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told journalists. “But the virus is still spreading fast, it's ind most people are still Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com The World At A Glance... 36 Following reports of relaxation in lockdown by various major economies around the world, on 19th June 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that this could lead to a new and World Health dangerous phase of the Covid-19 pandemic. As people and Organization governments across the world are tired of lockdowns, the WHO reminded that the Covid-19 virus spread has accelerated. Background This warning came after reports from Italy came through that from two cities of Italy (Milan and Turin), samples of sewage water collected from 18th December 2019 have traces of the Covid-19 virus. The first case in Italy was reported in mid-February, which means the virus was already present 2 months before the first case was detected. This study was conducted at the National Health Institute Body (ISS). A similar study in Spain was conducted in which traces of the Covid-19 virus were found in sewage water samples collected from Barcelona in the month of January. This indicates that the symptoms of the virus and the extent to which it has spread are still unknown. Covid-19 Vaccine Update Chief Scientist of WHO has recently said that she expects 2 billion doses of Covid-19 vaccine to be available by the end of 2020 but for reaching the distribution stage of the vaccine, the exact time frame still depends on the success of the trails. United States company Moderna which is working on a messenger-Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) vaccine has recently announced that For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com The World At A Glance... 7 Monthly HSM CSS Times ly 2020 the vaccine next month. The clinical trials are conducted in Ill phases for a vaccine: In Phase [it's tested in a small sample of healthy humans, while in Phase II efforts are made to test in a larger sample of healthy humans having different age groups for the efficiency, safety and also to determine the correct dose required as the group. Phase Ill trials are performed in a much broader population. India-China clash at Galwan Valley of Ladakh Region (June 5): A violent clash broke out between the Indian and Chinese soldiers in the Galwan Valley of Ladakh region. Around 20 Indian soldiers were killed in the face-off. Highlights The loss of 20 Army personnel on the Line of Actual Control is considered as the most violent face off between Indian Army and the Chinese troops in more than 5 decades. What is the issue? The Armies of India and China are currently engaged in standoff in Galwan valley, Pangong Tso. Demchok and Daulat Beg Oldie in Ladakh. The stand off between the countries has increased in recent weeks as India is building a strategic road through the Galwan valley that is close to China. The road connects the region to an airstrip. This improves military access of India to the region. Background The stand-off in the Galwan area was one of the biggest flashpoints in the 1962 war. China till date opposes to Indian constitutional provisions in the area. India, in 2019, abrogated Article 370 of the Constitution ending the special status to Jammu and Kashmir. China was one of the handful of countries that condemned the move. China even tried to raise the issue in the international forum including United Nations Security Council. Challenger Deep (June 8):The Astronaut and Oceanographer Kathy Sullivan recently reached the deepest point in the ocean, Challenger Deep. With this she has become the first woman to reach the deepest point in the earth. Highlights In 1984, Kathy made her space walk debut and became the first woman to walk in space. Now by reaching Challenger Deep she has created a new record of first person in the world to walk in space and also reach the deepest point on the earth. She is also the first woman to reach the deepest point in the ocean. Challenger Deep Challenger Deep is the deepest point in the Earth's sea bed. It is at a depth of 10,902 metres. It is named after the British Royal Navy survey Ship HMS Challenger that recorded its depth for the first time. Lieutenant Don Walsh and Swiss scientist Jacques Piccard were the first to dive into Challenger Deep in 1960. In 2012, the Titanic director James Cameron was the first to complete his solo submarine dive to the spot. Challenger Deep is located in the Western Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Agriculture&ForestryMCQs For CSS/PCS/PMS/NTS/NAT/GAT (Subject)/Lecturer Agriculture Officer/Forest Officer And All Other Se Exams 1 tf} (es Ra Ava erent Forestry MCQs in Entomology & Plant Pathology with explanation . | TaD DU sas Aggicullre Oficer& Forest Oficer PO ere nc) ore Bie ol vl] vr Sn) eeMonthly HSM CSS Times July 2 Pacific Ocean in the southern end of Mariana Trench. It is in the ocean territory of Federated States of Micronesia. ronesia Micronesia is a sub region of Oceania. It is made of 1000s of small islands. It has a tropical marine climate. There are 4 main archipelagos in the sub region. They are Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Gilbert Islands and Marshall Islands. The Mariana Trench is located in the Mariana Islands. a Chi Tait Philippines Indonesia Papua New Guingyyi Australia China's New Record: Reaches Deepest Point on the Earth (June 8): An Unmanned submersible, Haidou 1 of China dived deep down to 10,907 metres to the world's deepest point Mariana Trench. Highlights A team of scientists left for an expedition on April 23. 2020. The researchers tested acoustic detection, video transmission, high precision depth detection during the deep-sea diving operation. China has been stepping efforts to develop deep UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com The World At A Glance. sea technology to explore mining of natural resources from the sea. In 2011, China signed a deal with the International Seabed Authority to explore polymetallic sulfide for a period of 15 years in Indian Ocean. China was allocated 10,000 square kilometres in the Indian Ocean under the deal International Seabed Authority The International Seabed Authority was formed in 1994 under United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea (UNCLOS). The authority organizes, regulates and controls mineral related activities in the international seabed area. The Authority became an observer at the United Nations in 1996. The Headquarters of ISA is situated in Jamaica. It has 167 members. Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China (June 5): A group of eight democracies have launched Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China. It is an international cross-party group of legislators that are working towards reforms on democratic countries approach towards China. The Alliance was formed by Japan, United Kingdom. Australia. Germany, Lithuania, Norway, Netherlands and USA. The European Union was also present when the representatives from these countries discussed about issues related to China. Inter- Parliamentary Alliance on China The Alliance follows two principles namely 1. Free, open and rules-based international cooperation to support human dignity 2. The Democratic states should maintain integrity in their political systems. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 Background The Alliance has met during a time when China is trying to dilute autonomy of Hong Kong. Also, during the time when several countries are raising concerns about origin of COVID-19. Oil Spill in The Arctic Region of Russia (June 15): Russia declared state of emergency after oil spilled into Ambarnaya river. The surface of the river turned crimson red. The Ambarnaya river slows into environmentally sensitive Arctic Ocean The Thermoelectric power plant located at Norilsk has been built on a permafrost. The permafrost has weakened due to climate change and increase in temperature. This led to the sinking of the pillars that supported the fuel tank to sink. The loss of containment led to 20,000 tonnes of diesel oil into the Ambarnaya river. The river has drifted 12 km on its surface since its leak. Environmental damages The Environmentalists say that the river will become difficult to clean. The river will take decades to return to its previous state. It however does not include atmospheric damages and soil pollution The World wide Fund recorded the oil spill as the second largest oil leak in the world, The incident is being compared to Alaska's 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | The World At A Glance... 4 Exxon Valdez Disaster The Exxon Valdez Disaster occurred in 1989 when an oil tanker struck Prince William Sound Reef iin Alaska. Around 10.8 million gallons of crude oil spilled over. This is till date considered one of the worst oil spills in history. The region is rich in salmon, seals, sea otters and sea birds. Ambarnaya river The Ambarnaya river flows in Siberial in northerly direction in Lake Pyasino. Fishing is no longer possible in the river as it is heavily polluted due to mining in Norilsk. WHO resumes Hydroxychloroquine Srudy (June 4) : On June 4, 2020, the World Health Organization resumed its clinical trials on exploring whether the Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) drug is effective in treating COVID-19. Highlights The clinical trial on Malaria Drug HCQ was earlier put on hold by the World Health Organization raising concerns of its efficacy Why were the trials put off? The clinical trials were put off by the world organization considering the safety of the patients. WHO raised concerns about people in different parts of the world taking the drugs without proper medical guidance. Why are the trials resumed now? The trials were paused to analyze the results of using the drugs so far. The board set up by the WHO has reviewed the available mortality data of COVID-19 and now found that there are no reasons to stop the trials. There are more than 400 hospitals that are participating in the trials from 35 countries. It includes hospitals from Gujarat as well. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,We are Looking for Writers Required Areas of Expertise are CSS/PMS/PCS. Experienced Teachers and Qualified CSPs Contact us at 042-37171280, 0321-4226801 or kamran.munir@ilmikitabkhana.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 Why did the issue begin? The Food and Drug Administration of US and other chief editorials like the Lancet have warned about the use of drugs without the advice of a medical professional. Thus, the WHO stepped in to make sure if the trials can be proceeded based on the success rate of the drug so far. Kohala Hydro Power Project (June 25): An agreement has been signed between China and Pakistan to implement Kohala Hydroelectric Power project in the region of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir. The project is being implemented under the China Pakistan Economic Corridor Highlights Under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, China sets up Kohala Hydropower project in Pakistan occupied Kashmir A tripartite agreement was signed between the Tripartite Gorges Corporation. Private Power and Infrastructure Board and the authorities in PoK in order to implement the project. About the Project The project is to be built on Jhelum river. It aims at providing 5 billion units of clean hydroelectric power to Pakistan. The project will earn carbon credit from the United Nations Framework convention on Climate Change for clean energy. Jhelum river Jhelum is the western most of the river of the five rivers in Punjab. It is a tributary of Indus. G7 Summit Postponed: To be Expanded as G10 or G11 (June 2): The US President Donald Trump recently announced that the USA is postponing the G7 summit to The World At A Glance... 4 September 2020. Also, President Trump intends to expand the G7 group to G10 or G11. The G-7 is a group of seven countries namely France, Canada, Germany, Japan, US and UK. The grouping dies not have a fixed headquarters or a formal constitution. The decision that are taken in the summit are non-binding. President Trump intends to expand the G7 group by including three other nations namely Australia, Russia, India and South Korea About G7 G7 is an inter governmental organization that was formed in 1975. It was formed by the top economies of the world as an informal forum to discuss world issues. Canada joined G7 in 1976 and EU (European Union) began attending G7 meets in 1977. Russia joined G7 in 1997. Initially G7 was called G8. In 2014, Russia was expelled as it annexed Crimea region of Ukraine to its territory. G7 VS G20 G20 is a larger group and includes all the G7 members. India is a member of G20. G20 was formed in 1999 as a response to bring more countries to address global economic concerns. G20 makes up 80% of the global economy. WHO launches COVID-19 Technology Access Pool (C-TAP) (June 2): The Costa Rica and World Health Organization have launched C-TAP. C-TAP is COVID-19 Technology Access Pool. Highlights The C-TAP will act as an one-stop shop for information, scientific knowledge and Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com eae Oe 0) intellectual property for global community. Around 30 countries, institutions and international partners have signed to support C-TAP. It is an initiative that aims to make vaccines, tests, health technologies and treatments. Background The initiative was proposed by President of Costa Rica Mr Carlos Alvarado. The initiative will help to hasten the discovery of medicines, vaccines and other technologies that will help cure COVID-19 Five Key Elements of the Pool The five main elements of the pool include 1, public disclosure of gene sequences and data 2. governments and other funders that are encouraged to fund agreements with pharmaceutical companies licensing potential vaccine 4. diagnostic treatment and other health technologies 5. promote innovative models. The United States is facing nationwide protests over the death of an African American George Floyd. Highlights George Floyd, an African American man of age 46 died after the police arrested him near a shop in Minneapolis, Minnesota. This has created the current unrest in the country. Mr Floyd was from Houston and has been living in Minneapolis several years. He was left jobless due to the COVID-19 pandemic. SSTimes The World AtA Glance... _ ; 4 He was reported to the police by a shopkeeper to have used a counterfeit currency. People even claim that the "Black Lives Matter* movement is back Black Lives Matter Movement The Black Lives Movement is an African- American movement that campaigns against violence and racism towards black people. The movement campaigns against killings of black people, police brutality, racial profiling and racial inequality in the United States. The movement began in 2013. The movement spread to Canada, Australia and Germany as well us announced that THAAD missile system ‘operated in the South Korean soil is a counter measure against attacks by North Korea. In 2017, the tensions in the region escalated when North Korea test fired its missiles in the direction of US bases in Japan. THAAD is Terminal High Altitude Area Defense. It is a transportable and ground- based missile defense system. he i i ii a Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comw Buy Online www.hsmpublishers.com www.ilmikitabkhana.com Kabir Street Urdu Bazar, Lahore Phone: 042-373532510UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 What is the issue? China believes that US is exerting its influence ‘over South Korea and Japan. This may interfere China's long term diplomatic military and economic interests in the region. China has been reiterating its long-standing objections about the presence of US THAAD missile defence system in South Korea. About THAAD The THAAD is an anti-ballistic missile system. It was developed after the US experiences in the Gulf War, 1991. THAAD has been deployed in Israel, UAE, Romania and South Korea. THAAD is capable of destroying missiles by colliding with them. It uses Kinetic Kill Technology to achieve this. ~~ yg “« New Strain of Swine Flu Virus having Human Pandemic Potential Discovered in China (June 29) : A new virus has been discovered by scientists in China that is quite similar to the 2009 Swine Flu that caused a global pandemic. The new strain of the virus is named as ‘G4 EA H1N1 (commonly called G4 virus)’, it has human pandemic potential. G4 Virus The G4 virus was detected by scientists at several institutions of China including the National Influenza Centre of China during a pig surveillance program. The surveillance program was conducted in between 2011 to 2018 by collecting above 30.000 nasal swab samples from pigs across 10 provinces of China. A total of 179 swine influence viruses were identified during the program, mostly didn't pose such concern for human Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | The World At A Glance... 45 transmission. The new strain of the G4 Virus has sharply increased among the pigs since 2016 after which tests were conducted on the strain of the virus. The tests conducted found that the virus can cause zoonotic infection (animal to human) but there hasn't been any evidence of person-to-person transmission of the virus yet. The G4 virus can replicate in human cells and the test results have further shown that the immunity developed by a human body against seasonal flu won't be able to provide protection to the human body against the G4 virus. China passes Hong Kong National Security (June 30): The National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) has unanimously passed the National Security Law for Hong Kong on 30th June 2020. The three-day meeting of the Standing Committee began on 28th June, on the first day itself the controversial Bill was fast-tracked for approval, on the last day of the meet all 162 members of the Standing Committee approved the Bill. penser iF BREAKING CHINA APPROVES HONG KONG SECURITY LAW . The National Security Law of Hong Kong is expected to come into effect from ist July 2020 onwards. Back in 1997, on 1st July the Hong Kong City was handed over to China as a Special Administrative Region from the British rule. Earlier in the month, under the National Security Law, the establishment of a National Security Bureau in Hong Kong was confirmed after a three day (from 18th June to 20th June) meeting of the Legislative Affairs Commission (Top lawmaking For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 committee in China). On 19th June 2020, it was also reported in Chinese media that all departments under the Hong Kong government will be directly answerable to Beijing once the legislation is implemented. Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of China since 1997 when the former colony was returned by Britain to China. Matters related to foreign affairs and defence of Hong Kong are controlled by China, rest it has its own- Executive, Legislative, and Independent Judicial Power. Approx 2.4 Million Children Below the Age of 5 are facing Hunger and Malnutrition in Yemen (June 26): The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) on 26th June 2020 has stated that amid the COVID-19 global pandemic, around 2.4 million (24 lakh) children who are below the age of 5 are facing hunger and malnutrition in Yemen. The global pandemic has further added to a shortage of humanitarian aid in the war-torn nation that is has been struggling with a widespread shortage of essential services medicines, etc since the beginning of the civil war back in 2015. UNICEF has further stated that within the next 5-6 months, 30,000 children below the age of 5 could suffer from life-threatening acute malnutrition. More than 90 lakh (9 million) Yemeni children do not have access to hygienic factors such as safe water, food, and sanitation today. During this pandemic, only half of the health facilities are operating in Yemen, that too is struggling to cope due to lack of infrastructure, equipment, staff and other facilities. Yemen Civil War The World At A Glance... 46 The Civil War in Yemen stated in march 2015 between the Houthi Armed Movement and the Government of Yemen. Both the fractions claim to constitute the official Government in Yemen. The Houthi armed forces at present have control over Sanaa (the Capital City of Yemen). Nine-year-long dispute between Sudan, Ethiopia, and Egypt likely to end in Upcoming Weeks (June 26): On 26 June 2020, Ethiopia's Water Minister has stated that a consensus had been reached between the three countries(Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt) over the USD 4.5 billion worth Giant Ethiopian Renaissance Dam and the dam will not be filled unilaterally by Ethiopia. Three countries have been involved in continuous negotiations over the years to reach an agreement. Over the last couple of months, there were serious clashes and unprecedented escalations reported for the border between Ethiopia and Sudan. Now with the tripartite agreement likely to be signed in upcoming weeks, regional stability at the Horn of Africa might improve significantly in upcoming years. Background In 2011 when Ethiopia started construction for the dam on the Blue Nile, Egypt immediately protested. As the Blue Nile which originated from Lake Tana in Ethiopia flows Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 downstream through Sudan to Egypt. Egypt is dependent on the Nile River for freshwater estimated that the dam might block its annual share of water resources of 55.5 billion cubic meters. Nile River The Nile River is the longest river in the African continent. There are two major tributaries of the river- the White Nile and the Blue Nile. These two tributaries of the Nile River meet near the capital of Sudan, Khartoum. The White Nile and the Blue Nile enter Sudan from South Sudan and Ethiopia respectively before converging to the north of Khartoum. From Khartoum, the river flows downstream to enter Egypt. —~ ‘HAMA CTPANA, AWA KOHCTATYLNIA, AWE PEE! ‘OBLLEPOCCHIACKOE TONOCOBAHHE 1 WHOA 2020 a Vote for Constitutional Reforms begins as Putin looks to lead Russia until 2036 (June 25): On 25th June 2020, Voting for Constitutional Reforms in Russia had begun amid the outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The voting was originally scheduled to be conducted on 22nd April 2020 had to be rescheduled to 1st July 2020 following the rising number of COVID-19 cases in Russia. In order to maintain social distancing and prevent any sort of ‘overcrowding, the polling stations were opened a week earlier. About the Constitutional Reforms Vladimir Putin's current term as the President of Russia ends in 2024. On 15th January 2020, President Putin during his annual address to the Federal Assembly has announced amendments to 14 articles under the 1993 Constitution of Russia. For introducing these amendments, he called for a nationwide referendum or a national vote, UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com The World At A Glance... 47 As per the amendments, the term of the current (Vladimir Putin) and former (Dmitry Medvedev from 2008-2012) President of Russia will be reset or counted from 0 from 2024 so that either of them can be elected as the President again in 2024, At present, a person can serve as the President of Russia for a maximum of two consecutive terms. A term of the President of Russia is of 6 years. Democrat-led House of Representatives approves Statehood Bill for Washington D.C (June 26): On 26th June 2020, the lower house of the United States Congress the House of Representatives has voted 232-180 in favour of the Bill that would grant the United States capital Washington D.C statehood for the first time since it was created 230 years ago. However, with the Presidential Elections in November this year, the Bill introduced by Eleanor Holmes Norton (non-voting member of the House of Representative from Washington D.C) seems unlikely to come into force as the chances for the Bill to advance at the Senate (Upper House of the United States Congress) seems unlikely. Also, the United States President has made it clear that he would ‘veto’ the Bill even if it is passed at the Senate. In 1790. Washington D.C was carved out from the states of Virginia and Maryland. D.C stands for District of Columbia. ‘met BOWSER, MAYOR os * At present, at the House of Representatives, the Democratic Party has a clear majority with 233 seats out of the total 435 seats. The United States President Trump's Republican Party has 198 members at the House of Representatives. Out of 233 Democrats, 232 Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 have voted in favour of the Bill. The Republican Party has voiced their opposition against the Bill from the beginning, At the Senate, the Bill is even unlikely to be introduced as the Republican Party has a majority with 53 out of the 100 seats. Democrats have 45 seats at the Senate. World's Longest Internet Shutdown in Myanmar enters 2nd year (June 21): On 21st June 2019, the mobile internet services were shut down by the Myanmar Government in eight townships of the conflict-hit Rakhine State and in one township in Chin State. Between September 2019 to February 2020 the restrictions were lifted in 5 states but were again reinstated. In Maungdaw township of Rakhine State, the restrictions were lifted on 2nd May 2020. The internet services for the remaining townships will remain shut down till the 1st of August 2020, this was announced by the Ministry of Transportation and Communication of the Myanmar Government Background Since January 2019, the Myanmar Government has been engaged in battle with the Arakan Army (Rakhine Armed Group). This insurgent group is fighting for the ‘e of ethnic Rakhine Buddhists. ism for the Myanmar Government As lack of information would result in an underreported shortage of essential services from food, water to medical aid, etc. At a time of a global pandemic, suspension of internet services would have also made it difficult for the people living in these townships to get proper information about the safety standard Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | The World At A Glance... 48 protocols related to COVID-19. The move of the Myanmar Government has continued to draw criticism from both the domestic as well as International Human Rights Organizations. As per Myanmar's Telecommunication law's Article 77, the Government can suspend the service during an emergency situation. Various Human Rights Organizations now call for the amendment of the Article as it is not in line with the international standards for freedom of expression. President Halimah Yacob dissolves Parliament, 2020 Singapore General Election will be held on 10th July (June 23) In the midst of a global pandemic, the Elections Department of Singapore had announced on 23rd June 2020 that the 2020 General Election will be held on the 10th of July 2020. This announcement came after President of Singapore, Halimah Yacob had dissolved the ongoing 13th Parliament of Singapore earlier on the same day. The announcement that the Parliament has been dissolved was made by the Prime Minister of Singapore, Lee Hsien Loong. The Prime Minister justified his actions for calling an imminent election at the time of a global pandemic by stating that the COVID-19 outbreak is relatively stable in the country, further he assured that for the elections to be carried out safely, actions such as- suspension of mass rallies, an increased number of polling stations, designated time-bands for the senior citizens to vote, etc will be taken. In order to reduce the risks of virus For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,ae HSM European History has been divided into 13 chapters tas namely, French Revolution of 1789, Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, and Congress of Vienna Industrial Revolution, Unification of Italy and Germany, Imperialism and Colonialism, Russian Revolution, UPDATED & REVISED World War I, World War II, Liberation from Colonial Rule, Post War Foundations: NATO and European Community and Fall of the Soviet Union;; expansion and development of the European Union to Europe from 1991 to 2020. As the book has been designed strictly on the lines of latest FPSC Syllabus for CSS Exam and keeping in mind the changing nature of the civil services examinations, this book will serve as an impeccable tool in getting thorough knowledge of the European Rs .- History. We CURE W aso eu it usta a male MoarMrelseoa tirtes Ruane) enter retre] political cartoons and it also contains previous years SOLVED Question papers. BUY ONLINE www.hsmpublishers.comMonthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 transmission, the Election Department issued further safety guidelines that the political parties will be required to follow, such as for door-to-door campaigns a maximum of 5 persons will be allowed in a group, etc. Parliament of Singapore Itis a unicameral parliament with 105 seats. 47 seats is the majority mark that is required by a political party or coalition to forma government Out of 105, 93 members are elected through the Parliamentary Elections, 3 seats are reserved under the Non- Constituency Member of Parliament (NCMP) while the remaining 9 seats are reserved for the Nominated Member of Parliament (NMP). The 3 NCMP seats are for those who have lost in the General Elections of the Parliament but are among the best performing losers (top 3 those who have lost in the General Election by least Margin). 9 NMP members are appointed directly by the President of Singapore. ieee a) ee al: Wy China has decided to join the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) (June 23) : The people's Republic of China will join the multilateral Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), this was decided during a three-day meeting from 18th June to 20th June of the top lawmaking committee in China- Legislative Affairs Committee China was one of the 23 countries back in 2013 when it abstained from the vote to adopt the treaty at the United Nations, UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com The World At A Glance... 50 China now seems determined to showcase itself on the world stage as a responsible player- After curbing the autonomy of Hong Kong, making continuous attempts to administer complete sovereignty in the South China Sea, and further making its territorial ambitions clear by raising border conflicts with India. The U.S. President has announced in April 2019 that the U.S. will never ratify the Arms Trade Treaty under his administration (the U.S has signed the treaty but was yet to ratify). 5 months later on 27th September 2019, China is going through domestic legal procedures for joining the Arms Trade Treaty- This was stated by their Foreign Minister Wang Yi at the United Nations General Assembly. As per a report by Stockholm International Peace Research Institute in March 2020, between 2015 to 2019: By accounting 5.5, percent of the global market and exporting arms to 53 countries the fifth-largest arms- exporter in the world was China. Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) Under this treaty, international sales and transfer of conventional arms are regulated as per the global standards. The treaty was adopted at the United Nations General Assembly on 2nd April 2013. It came into force from 24th December 2014. The treaty was launched with the aim of maintaining international and regional peace. The global standards that have been set under the treaty are in line for promoting transparency and co-operation among the countries. To date, about 130 countries have ratified the treaty. India has not signed the treaty yet. US-Russia talks on new Nuclear Disarmament Treaty begins without China (une 21) : Delegations from the United States led by Marshall Billingslea and the Russian Delegation under their Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov begin their 2-day talks on 22nd June 2020 at the capital city of Austria, Vienna. The talks for extending the nuclear disarmament treaty were in doubt cover the last few months as the United States President Donald Trump continued the call Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 for the addition of China in the treaty. The treaty is commonly known by the name 'START' treaty. China's Response to Trump Call According to China, It's still not the right time for them to involve or to be a part of sucha nuclear treaty, the United States and Russia has the primary responsibility of nuclear disarmament as the nuclear stockpile of China is dwarfed by those of the two countries. China also added that for other nations to join the Nuclear Disarmament Treaty, the United States must drastically reduce the size of its stockpile. START Treaty START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) is a bilateral nuclear disarmament treaty between the United States and Russia. The formal name of the treaty is ‘Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms’. The treaty was last signed on 8th April 2010, came into effect on Sth February 2011 for a period of 10 years. The current treaty expires on Sth February 2021. Serbian Election 2020 (June 21) : Since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in March 2020, Serbia on 21st June 2020 became the first Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | The World At A Glance... 5 country to conduct National Elections in Europe. The Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) coalition, under the leadership of the President of Serbia, Aleksandar Vucic registered one of the largest parliamentary majorities in Europe by winning 191 of the total 250 seats in the Parliament. Elections were conducted across 8.253 polling stations in Serbia and also in 140 polling stations of Kosovo (Serbia does not recognize Kosovo as an Independent Country) where people of Serbian Community live. The 2020 Parliamentary Elections of Siberia was initially scheduled to be conducted in the month of April but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The election was largely surrounded by controversies some of the opposition parties boycotted the elections. These parties have accused President Vucic of having complete control over the media as a result of which the votes won't be free and fair. Ana Brnabic (First female Prime Minister of Serbia) is the incumbent Prime Minister of Serbia. She became the Prime Minister in 2017 after President Aleksandar Vucic proposed her name. The Parliament of Siberia (also known as the National Assembly of Siberia) has a unicameral legislature. The Prime Minister of Siberia is elected and appointed by the 250 elected members of the National Assembly. The President of Siberia has the power to propose the name of an individual to the National Assembly for the post of the Prime Minister. Bill to Rename ‘Tonoshiro' to ‘Tonoshiro Senkaku' triggered tensions between Japan and China (June 22) ‘A group of Islands without inhabitants located at the South China Sea has been a point of disagreement between Japan and China since 1972. The island is known by the name Senkakus in Japan, while in the People's Republic of China the Islands are known by the name Diaoyu. The island group is at present administered by the administrative authority of Ishigaki city For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 eh OF Oe of Japan's Okinawa Prefecture. The islands are located in the southern part of Japan, the entire area under which the Senkaku Islands are located is known by the name Tonoshiro in Japan. History The group of islands was controlled by the Ryukyu Kingdom of China as per records available. But during the First Sino-Japanese War the Islands were annexed by the Japanese Central Government. As Japan surrender at the end of 2nd World War, the islands came under the power of the United States Government. 26 years later in 1971, the United States Senate passed the Okinawa Reversion Treaty to return the group of islands back to Japan. Japan took over the control of the islands from 1972. Since then China began to declare its ownership over the islands based on the fact that the islands were discovered during the 14th century by the Chinese Ryukyu Kingdom. Present Day On 22nd June 2020, the assembly of Ishigaki city passed the bill under which from Ist October 2020- the Tonoshiro area will be renamed as Tonoshiro Senkaku. U.S. Temporarily Suspends ‘Green Cards & Non-Migrant Work Visas’ till 31st December 2020 (June 22): Following a global economic crisis since the COVID-19 was declared a pandemic back in March 2020, the United States Government has decided to suspend ‘Green Cards and Non-Migrant Work Visas’ till the 31st December 2020 in an effort to protect jobs for the citizens of the United States. The executive order was signed by the United States President Donald Trump on 22nd June 2020. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com The World At A Glance... 52 Background The suspension of Green Card and Non- migrant work visas will create around 5,25,000 jobs in the United States. Due to COVID-19, as per reports, a record 47 million could lose their jobs in the United States. Suspended Work Visas 1.H-1B 2. H-4 for some H-1B spouses 3. H-2B for low skill workers 4. L-1 for I ntra-Company Transfers 5.J Visas for Educational and Cultural Workers. Reform in H-1B Visa Programme President Donald Trump had also instructed his administration to make reform in the current H-1B Visa Programme. As per the reform, immigrant workers those who are offered the highest wages by the recruiter shall be given priority, this is to ensure that the wages of United States citizens are protected as employers will not be able to recruit low-cost foreign labour. The H-1B visas were distributed through a random lottery. USD 31.3 Billion Required by WHO-led coalition ‘ACT-Accelerator’ to fight against COVID-19 (June 26): The coalition has been able to collect USD 3.4 billion, which is 27.9 billion less than what they would require to develop and deliver tests, treatment, and vaccines for the COVID-19. The coalition further added that it would require USD 13.7 billion out of the USD 31.3 billion urgently. About the WHO-led Coalition The coalition is known by the name ACT- Accelerator initiative, where ACT stands for Access to COVID-19 Tools. The ACT- For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com The World At A Glance... 53 Accelerator was launched in April 2020 as a global initiative by the WHO. Under the Coalition, many public and private ‘organizations involved in drug-development to funding and distribution are involved. Aim of the ACT-Accelerator Initiative Under the initiative, the coalition intends to develop 2 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines by the end of 2021. Out of the 2 billion, the coalition expects that the 1 billion will be Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps to set up Permanent Base in the § Indian Ocean (June 22): The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps has announced that it will set up its permanent military base in the Indian ‘ocean by March next year. The announcement was made by Alireza Tangsiri on 23rd June 2020. Alireza Tangsiri is the Navy Commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. The Navy Commander informed that the move of setting up a Permanent Base in the Indian Ocean is as per the instructions by Supreme Leader of Iran Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. He further added that the move of setting up a permanent presence bought by low and middle-income countries. At present, under the initiative, the aim is to scale up the development and delivery of 500 million COVID-19 test Kits. A coalition led by the World Health Organization (WHO) to combat the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has informed on 26th June 2020 that it would require USD 31.3 billion in the next 12 months for continuing its fight against the pandemic. far away from the country in the waters was taken as a result of repeated harassment faced by Iranian Fishermen in the ocean from pirates and even encroachments made by foreign vessels in the Indian Ocean and the Sea of Oman. Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps was established on the order of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini (1st Supreme Leader of Iran). It is a branch of the Iranian Armed Forces. It was founded on 22nd April 1979 after the Iranian Revolution. At present, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps is designated as a terrorist organization by the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Bahrain. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) |July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com General Science Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | New Study Examines Recursive Thinking Drm Arata) Reirekecturstel en elonme mses STEN aM ease tone ncssecicen) team found the cognitive ability to Roe Mer ee este ite cmc ay MEISE RY ene i tier age, education, culture and species. A new study has found that the cognitive ability to represent recursive sequences ‘occurs in humans and non-human primates across age, education, culture and species. Recursion—the computational capacity to embed elements within elements of the same kind—has been lauded as the intellectual cornerstone of language, tool use and mathematics. In the case of language, sentences are constituents that may contain smaller sentences. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com General Science 55 Monthly HSM CSS Times A multi-institutional team of researchers set up a series of experiments with US people, adults from an indigenous group in Bolivia that largely lacks formal education, US children and non-human primates. After training on the task, the researchers provided each group with sequences to order. They studied how each group conducted this task, either in a recursive or non-recursive way (listing) and looked to see which order they naturally chose. "Recursion is a Way to organise information that allows humans to see patterns in information that are rich and complex, and perhaps beyond what other species see," said Jessica Cantlon, the Ronald J. and Mary Ann Zdrojkowski Professor of Developmental Neuroscience at CMU and senior author on the paper. "We try to trace the origins of our complex and rich intellectual activities to something in Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | our evolutionary past to understand what makes our thinking similar to and distinct from other species” The researchers found that the human participants from all age and cultural groups spontaneously ordered content from a recursive approach by building nested structures. The non-human primate subjects more commonly used a simpler listing strategy but with additional exposure began using the recursive strategy, eventually ending up in the range of performance of human children. "This ability to represent recursive structures is present in children as young as three years old, which suggests it is there even before they use it in language," said Stephen Ferrigno, a post-doctoral fellow at Harvard University and first author on the paper. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times July 2020 "We also saw this ability across people from widely different human cultures. Non-human primates also have the capacity to represent recursive sequences, given the right experience. These results dispel the long-held belief that only humans have the capacity to use this rule” The study published in the journal Science Advances found that working memory was an important factor affecting the sequencing abilities of participants. A strong correlation exists between working memory and the use of the hierarchical strategy. General Science / 56 "Some of the errors were due to working memory, because participants had to remember which objects went first and relate that to other objects later in the list," said Ferrigno. "Children and non-human primates had more errors, which may be due to lower working memory capacity’ The authors note that this work offers a simplified version of a recursive task using visual cues. A more complex series of tasks may not yield the same results “There is something universal of being a human that lets our brains think this way spontaneously, but primates have the ability to learn it to some degree," said Cantlon. “(This research] really gives us a chance to sort out the evolutionary and developmental contributions to complex thought." Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,HSM English Essays for Competitive Exams HSM English Essays for Competitive Exams contains ample number of essays which are ‘or may be asked in a number of competitive & recruitment examinations. This book has been designed for the candidates of CSS/PMS/PCS examinations. HSM English Essays covering topics of Contemporary, Social, Environmental, Political, Education, Gender Discrimination, Islam, Pakistan, Economic, Science & Technology International, Proverbial & Idiomatic, etc The essays in the book are meant to provide guidance, knowledge of the topic and stimulating the imagination & enhancing the power of analyzing of the students. Be More Informative With proper Presentation. 7} Table of Contents Writing a Good Essay in Competitive Exam i Digital Pakistan; Objective and Challenges 15 Net Neutrality: "A Public Demand [13 Why Online Shopping Will Exceed All Predictions? 18 Artificial Intelligence (Al) 22 Empowering A Woman _, Empowers Next Generation | 29 Feminism is Not Really A Third Word Issue [3a New Waves of Feminism _ and Our Culture. 37 Reservation of Seats for Women in Parliament _: Why itis | 41 Important? Democracy in Pakistan : Hopes and Hurdles | is Colonial Mentality _ Impeding Pakistan's Progress? | 53 Civil Servants _and Politicians : A Complicated Partnership | 59 ‘Should Educational Qualification be Made of 62 Mandatory for Politicians? | eel] Crisis of Good Governance in Pakistan: Need for 66 Reforms and institution Building iz China -Pakistan Economic Corridor _(CPEC) & its Socio | 77 Economic: implications for the Region and the World | ‘Does Foreign Aid Help to Achieve Economic Stability? | 60. Promotion of Tax Culture in Pakistan : Perspective, | 88 Prospects and Challenges | Poverty anywhere is A Threat to Prosperity Everywhere | 94 ‘The Threat of Jobless Future Through Reskilling and Up | 99 Skilling Modernity is an Unending Project [1027] ‘Are Modern Wars _ Not Holy? [105 What is Arts For Peace? [10 Classrooms Decide the Future of the Nation 1113] Pollution in Urban Areas 115_| Pollution [120 Plastic ban in Pakistan [125] Honour Killing _ in Pakistan [129-| Population Explosion _— How can we tackle this problem? | 133 ‘Social Empowerment Programmes in Pakistan 138 [Urdu Literature and Progressive Movernents 144 “Knowledge Speaks. But Wisdom Listens T Search for truth is a spiritual problem [153 Attitude makes habit , habit makes character and) 157 character makes a man | Global Warming Essay, Causes, Consequences [62 Corruption = Causes & Consequences 168Monthly HSM CSS Times duly 2020 The WMO published the lightning records on June 26, 2020, ahead of International Lightning Awareness Day, June 28. It notes lightning is a major hazard that claims many lives every year and the findings highlight important public lightning safety concerns. As a safety tip, the WMO suggests if the time between the flash and thunder is less than 30 seconds, go inside! And wait 30 minutes after the last observed flash to resume outdoor activities Highlights: L. Brazil recorded a lightning strike that travelled a distance of 709 kilometres in 2018. 2. The previous record for the longest detected distance for a single lightning flash was for 321 km on June 20, 2007, across the US state of Oklahoma. 3. Brazil has the highest incidence of lightning in the world — an average of 778 million strikes per year. 4. Argentina recorded a strike that lasted UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com General Science 58 for 16.73 seconds in 2019, 5. The previous record was a single lightning flash that lasted continuously OO RA LIGHTNING vhs A huge lightning flash over Brazil has just been labelled as the cook longest lightning bolt ever recorded. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times General Science 59 for 7.74 seconds on August 30,2012 _Lightning strikes in Pakistan: over Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, Lightning strikes killed at least 18 people and France. injured several more during a deadly night in 6. The lightning flashes that have now Pakistan's Thar desert on November 15, 2019. entered the record books are known as What is lightning? ‘Megaflashes'’ in scientific parlance. Itis a very rapid — and massive — discharge of electricity in the atmosphere, some of which is directed towards the Earth's surface. These discharges are generated in giant moisture-bearing clouds that are 10-12 km tall. How does it strike? 1. The base of these clouds typically lies within 1-2 km of the Earth's surface, while their top is 12-13 km away. Temperatures towards the top of these clouds are in the range of minus 35 to minus 45 degrees Celsius. 2. As water vapour moves upward in the cloud, the falling temperature causes it to condense.Heat is generated in the process, which pushes the molecules of water further up. How lightning strikes the Earth’s surface Bottom of storm cloud Charges alter air around cloud, _ Lightning is the completion becomes negatively creating potential lightning paths _ of these paths as nature tries electrically charged ' to neutralize the extremes o Eotesst%s eos ~ Soa “eo Surface of the Earth Positive charge on surface ex- gets positive charge tends towards negative charge Sources: Ariel Cohen, Tina Stall; Meteorologists NOAA National Weather Service @latimesgraphics Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com 3. As they move to temperatures below zero degrees celsius, the water droplets change into small ice crystals. They continue to move up, gathering mass — until they are so heavy that they start to fall to Earth. 4. This leads to a system in which, simultaneously, smaller ice crystals are moving up and bigger crystals are coming down. 5. Collisions follow, and trigger the release of electrons — a process that is very similar to the generation of sparks of electricity. As the moving free electrons cause more collisions and more electrons, a chain reaction ensues. This process results in a situation in which the top layer of the cloud gets positively charged, while the middle layer is negatively charged. The electrical potential difference between the two layers is huge — of the order of billion to 10 billion volts. In very little time, a massive current, of the order of 100,000 to a million amperes, starts to flow between the layers. An enormous amount of heat is produced, and this leads to the heating of the air column between the two layers of the cloud. This heat es the air column a reddish 9 lightning. As the appearance du heated air column expands, it produces shock waves that result in thunder. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | General Science => How does this current reach the Earth from the cloud? 1. While the Earth is a good conductor of electricity,it is electrically neutral. However, in comparison to the middle layer of the cloud, it becomes positively charged. As a result, about 15%-20% of the current gets directed towards the Earth as well. It is this flow of current that results in damage to life and property on Earth. . There is a greater probability of lightning striking tall objectssuch as trees, towers or buildings. Once it is about 80-100 m from the surface, lightning tends to change course towards these taller objects. This happens because air is a poor conductor of electricity, and electrons that are travelling through air seek both a better conductor and the shortest route to the relatively positively charged Earth's surface. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comWe are Looking for Writers Required Areas of Expertise are CSS/PMS/PCS. Experienced Teachers and Qualified CSPs Contact us at 042-37171280, 0321-4226801 or kamran.munir@ilmikitabkhana.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com CURRENT AFFAIRSMCQs 82 al National & International 00 “addictive, wastage of time and poses serious negative impact on physical and psychological health of the children’. PTA’s decision came after it was directed by the Lahore High Court (LHC) in a hearing dated 25th May, 2020, to determine whether the game was appropriate for the public 2 Which nation has ended its relationship with the World Health Organisation? (a) US . . (b) China 1 Which of the following app has () Japan temporary banned by PTA on ist July, (d) India 2020? Answer: (a) (a) Tiktok (b) PUBG (©) WeChat (d) None of these Answer: (b) Explanation: The Pakistan Telecommunications Authority (PTA), on July 1, placed a temporary ban on popular mobile video game PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds (PUBG). Through a notice issued on their website and official social media accounts, the Authority stated that the game was Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com CURRENT AFFAIRSMCQs —s_—s—sséB Explanation: The United States has officially (b) Tehrik E Taliban Pakistan terminated its relationship with the World (c) RAW Health Organisation. The US President in a (d) Balochistan Liberation Front live speech accused China of having total Answer: (a) control over WHO despite paying only USD40 million a year compared to what the US's 450 million a year. 3 Who becomes first female Lieutenant General of Pakistan Army? (a). Zakiya Jamali (b) Nigar Johar () Samina Nishtar (d) None of these Answer: (b) Explanation: In 2017, the newly promoted lieutenant general Nigar Johar , became the third woman officer in the history of the Pakistan Army to reach the rank of major general. She is the daughter of Col Qadir, who served in the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and is the niece of retired Maj Mohammad ‘Aamir, a former Pakistan Army officer who served in the ISI as well. Both her parents died in a car accident 30 years ago. According to PID, not only is the newly promoted lieutenant general a doctor, but also a sharp shooter. Explanation: On 29th June 2020, BLA a group of terrorists tried to attack Pakistan stock exchange but badly failed as Sindh Police tackled each one of them down to the floor. Constable Khalil and Constable Muhammad Rafiq were the two brave heroes who neutralized this group of violent terrorists and killed every one of them, Hours after the attack, the Balochistan Liberation Army took responsibility for the attack. A group that has been raising the demand for an independent Balochistan. ¥ Recently, this group targeted Chinese investments in Pakistan. In 2018, the B.LA. allegedly tried to storm the Chinese consulate 4. Who was behind the Karachi Stock in Karachi. Last year, the group attacked a Exchange attack on 29th June 2020? five-star hotel --- financed by the Chinese in Gwadar. The attack on the Pakistani stock (a) Balochistan Liberation Army exchange targets China too Earlier, a Chinese Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,Monthly HS ly 2020, ca consortium acquired a 40 per cent stake in the PSX - the company running the stock trading platform - at Rs 28 per share in January 2017. 5 Which among the following space agencies recently launched astronauts to the ISS on a commercially-made spacecraft after almost nine years? (a) ESA (b) CNSA (©) NASA (d) Roscosmos Answer: (c) UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com S Times CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 6 Which among the following countries has seen widespread protests over the death of African American George Floyd in police custody? oa (a) UK (b) US (0 Australia (d) Netherlands Answer: (b) Explanation: Over 40 cities in the United States including Washington DC imposed curfews on May 31, 2020 in response to the violent protests that ripped across the nation against the death of African-American man George Floyd in police custody. The US has called in the National Guard to respond to ® the protests. 7 What is called the Solar Eclipse on 21 June 2020 in Pakistan? (A) Ring of fire (8) Dark Hour * (© Bite of Sun (D) None of These Answer: (a) $e f 4 = bE > e° 1 0 pa Explan; NASA launched two astronauts ‘on SpaceX's Dragon Endeavour spacecraft from US soil for the first time after nine years ‘on May 30, 2020. This is the first time in human history that NASA astronauts entered the International Space Station on a commercially-made spacecraft. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comA eri La A SU ey Te 3 FAMILY EXCEPT fal Portuguese [8] Bengali fel German JO] Ura (ois) fe] Turkish mn: Languages in the Indo-European family are spoken by more of eople than any other family, though Chinese, in the Sino-Tibetan Oe eee meee (A), (8), (C), and (D) are all Indo-European languages. Turkish is in the Altaic family, which dominates the Anatolian Plateau region. Pastas te HSM Physical & Human Geography MCQs Rs. 375/- Bhsmpublishers.com “Practice Makes A Man Perfect” y Compulsory Subjects Solved Papers = 2016-20198 When was UN Security Council elections held? (a) June 17th, (b) June 15th (©) June 30th (d) September 12th Answer: (a) Explanation: The UN Security Council Elections for five non-permanent members was held on June 17, 2020. France has taken over the Presidency of the council for the month of June. 9 Which nation's candidature was approved unanimously for non-permanent membership of UNSC from the Asia Pacific category? (a) China (b) India () Bangladesh (d) Sri Lanka Answer: (b) A Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 66 Explanation: India is set to be re-elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council during the elections in June 2020. India’s candidature for the Asia Pacific seat in the non-permanent category was unanimously endorsed by the 55-member Asia Pacific grouping including Pakistan and China in 2019 for a two-year period, 2021- 2022. 10 The defence budget has been set at Rs in the Federal Budget 2020-2021? @. 11 trillion (b) 1.3 trillion (9 15 trillion (d) None of these Answer: (b) Explanation: Pakistan's defence spending as a percentage of the GDP is the highest in the region with Chinese budget as share of GDP being 1.9 per cent, India 2.4 per cent, and Iran 2.3 per cent. Looking at the distribution of the money among various services shows that the share of the Army has marginally increased to reach 47.55 per cent as compared to PAF’s 21.25 per cent, Navy's 10.85 per cent and inter-services establishment's 20.33 per cent. Last year the army's portion was 45.4 per cent, PAF 22 per cent, Navy 11.3 per cent, and inter-services establishment 21 per cent. The Army would this year be getting Rs613 billion, PAF Rs274 billion, Navy Rs 140 billion, and inter-services establishment Rs262 billion. For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly SM CSS Times H duly 2020 11 UNSC has how many non-permanent members? (a)15 (b)7 (5 (d) 10 Answer: (d) Member states of the U.N. Security Council x Thetesct Combi, Geman ia PorgalandSouhAica expres year 013) . ors) aa i, ey CZs en) % © erin ca) aia) yexGipyyen ranger nant tr Fe rent eps et The U.N. Security Council UNSC ise UN's deface econ makingbod.ased with maeaing Explanati The UNSC has five permanent veto-wielding members including the United States, United Kingdom, Russia, China and France. The council also has 10 non- permanent members and every year the UN General Assembly elects five non-permanent members for a two-year term. 12 Which nation is the smallest ever nation to secure a UNSC seat? (a) St. Vincent and the Grenadines (b) Estonia (¢ Tunisia (d) Niger Answet Explanation: Five nations including Vietnam, Niger, Estonia, Tunisia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines were elected to the UNSC earlier this month for a two-year term beginning CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 67 January 2020. St. Vincent and the Grenadines is the smallest-ever nation to secure a UNSC seat. 13 Who has been appointed as Pakistan's first special representative for Afghanistan? (A) Moin Ahmed (8) Ayesha Farooq (©) Muhammad Ijaz Khan (D) Muhammad Sadiq Answer: (d) Explanation: The government has appointed Muhammad Sadiq, the former Ambassador to Kabul, as Pakistan's special representative on Afghanistan, a new position created to spearhead the country's efforts for the Afghan peace process. He has vast experience in dealing with Afghan affairs since he served Pakistan's ambassador to Kabul from 2008 to 2014. To his credit, he played an instrumental role in removing the mistrust between non-Pashtun parties of Afghanistan including the Northern Alliance and others, Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,1- Which of the following was —2. What was the computer a special purpose computer? invented by Atanasoff & Clifford? (A) ABC Ca (8) ENIAC (8) ABC (ona ta op} CO aU TT (D) None of above Answer: (a) Answer: (b) 3. Which of the following storage devices can store maximum amount of data? (Mae mead (8) Hard Disk (©) Compact Disk (Ouest gd Answer: (b) 4. Which computer was _ considered the first electronic computer until 1973 when court invalidated the patent? Ona (B) MARKT (©) Zs (D) ABC Answer: (a) 5. A physical connection between the microprocessor memory & other parts of the microcomputer is known as Co) Ca i (C) Route (D) All of the above Deere)UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly SM CSS Times H duly 2020 14 Which among the following nations is not a part of G7? (a) Germany (b) Russia (9) Canada (d) Italy Answer: (b) members Explanation: The Group of Seven presently comprises the world’s most advanced economies including the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, Canada and Italy. Russia is not a part of the group. 15 Which year did G8 become G7 again? (a) 2011 (b) 2013 (9 2014 (d) 2015 Answer: (c) G20 CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 69 Explanation: The G7 had become G8 in 1998 when Russia was formally inducted as a member. However, Russia's act of moving its troops into eastern Ukraine and conquering Crimea in 2014 drew heavy criticism from the other G8 nations, which then decided to suspend Russia from the group, following which it became G7 again. 16 The United States has issued an order seeking suspension of flights from which nation? (a) Russia (b) China (©) India (d) France Answer: (b) a SIR CHINA |. QUO) Explanation: The United States issued an ‘order on June 3, 2020 seeking suspension of passenger flights from China starting from June 16, 2020. The move has been taken in retaliation to China's refusal to let US airlines resume flights to China. 17 Name Pakistan's first Sikh female journalist who has been selected as one of the 100 most influential Sikh personalities under 30 in the world. (a) Agamjot (b) Amalinder Singh (c) Manmeet Kaur (d) Anureet Answer: (c) Explanation; Manmeet Kaur, Pakistan's First Sikh Woman Journalist Receives UK Award. Pakistan's first Sikh woman journalist has been named among ‘100 most influential Sikh Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com0 + Na SS Intelligence Tests . W ABOUT BOOK The book for Competitive Exams has 2 parts - Verbal and Non-Verbal Reasoning. ‘Each chapter of this book contains theory with Solved Examples. The exercise in the book contains previous year's questions of the various exams. ‘The book for Competitive Exams has been designed in such a way so that an aspirant not only clears the concept but can also tackle any kind of question that they come across, be it from the previous years or recent years. @hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HSM CSS Times July 2020, personalities under 30 years of age’ in the world by a UK-based global Sikh organisation, one of the top UK honours according to a news report. 18 Which two countries are involved in the implementation of the Kohala Hydroelectric Power project? (@) India and China (b) India and Pakistan (© Pakistan and China (@) India and Bangladesh Answer: (c) Explanation: An agreement was signed between China and Pakistan to implement the Kohala Hydroelectric Power project in the region of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir. The project is being implemented under the China Pakistan Economic Corridor. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 1 19 When is the International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression observed? (a) June Sth (b) June 4th (c) June 3rd (d) June 2nd Answer: (b) "Innocent Children mM h¢ Explanation: The International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression is observed on June 4. The day was established in 1982 to acknowledge the pain suffered by the children throughout the world. The day speaks about the agony of the young children becoming victims of mental, physical and emotional abuse. 20 Which city will host the 51st annual summit of the World Economic Forum? (a) Seol (b) Davos (c) Berlin (d) Sydney Answer: (b) For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly HS. July 2020, Explani The Sist annual summit of the World Economic Forum will be held in Davos, Switzerland under the theme ‘The Great Reset’. The summit has been named as ‘a unique Twin Summit’ 21 When was World Environment Day 2020 observed? (a) June Sth (b) June 4th () June 3rd (d) June 2nd Answer: (a) WORLD Lal Aad lla yd Explanation: World Environment Day 2020 was observed across the globe on June 5, 2020 with an emphasis on the need to care for nature and humanity. World Environment Day is observed every year to raise global awareness on environmental issues. 22 What was the theme of World Environment Day 2020? (a) Zero Tolerance for the Illegal Wildlife trade (b) Beat Plastic Pollution (0) Connecting People to Nature (d) Biodiversity Answer: (d) Explanation: The theme of World Environment Day 2020 is ‘Biodiversity’.The World Environment Day 2020 theme is extremely important, especially with the recent events of major bushfires in Australia, Brazil and the United States, Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | S Times CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs n = tiem 23 Which nation has declared itself COVID virus-free? (a) Australia (b) South Korea (©) Sweden (d) New Zealand Answer: (d) COovip Explanation: New Zealand has declared itself COVID-free after the recovery of its last coronavirus patient. With this, the nation will be lifting all restrictions imposed to contain the virus including social distancing and restrictions on public gatherings. 24 Several lawmakers from around the world have formed an Inter-Parliamentary Alliance to counter which nation? (a) United States For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly SM CSS Times H duly 2020 (b) Iran (9 China (d) Israel Answer: (c) Explanation: Senior lawmakers from eight countries including the US and UK have come together to form a new Inter-Parliamentary Alliance to counter China (IPA(C) . The alliance aims to counter China's growing threat to global trade, human rights and security. 25 Which among the following international organisations has completed 75 years in 20202 (@) WHO (b) World Bank (UN (d) NATO Answer: (c) The UN General Assembly session this year commemorates 75 years of the existence of the United Nations. It would have seen high participation from leaders from 193 Member States to mark the anniversary had there been no COVID-19 crisis. 26 North Korea has cut off its hotlines with which nation? (a) South Korea (b) China (c) Japan (d) US Answer: (a) Explanation: North Korea has said that it is cutting communication hotlines with South CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 2B Korea. At least 49 hotlines have been set up between the two nations for diplomatic talks, discussions over economy and military operations and for coordination of air and sea traffic. 27 US President Donald Trump has ordered the withdrawal of over a quarter of US troops from which nation? (a) Japan (b) Germany (0 France (d) Israel Answer: (b) a Explanation: US President Donald Trump has ordered to reduce the number of US troops in Germany by more than a quarter. Trump has decided to remove 9,500 troops from Germany, one of America’s strongest allies, reducing the number of US troop strength there to 25,000 from 34,500 The US military presence in Germany is a legacy of the post-World War Two Allied occupation of the country. Germany currently hosts by far the largest number of US forces Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,oO yee om es | aE a Sonoet aeUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly SM CSS Times H duly 2020 Some US personnel based in Europe support non-Nato operations and US military numbers fluctuate as forces are rotated in and out of Europe. 28 Which two nations have decided to ime boundaries? an agreement on mai (a) UK, Ireland (b) Greece, Italy (©) Sri Lanka, India (d) India, Myanmar Answer: (b) Explanation: Greece and Italy will sign an agreement on maritime boundaries during a visit of Italian Foreign Minister to Athens on June 9, 2020, The deal follows months of tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean region ‘over natural resources. The Greek-Italian accord comes months after a deal on maritime boundaries between Turkey and Libya's internationally recognized government, led by Fayez al-Sarraj. That agreement angered Greece, which says it infringes its own sovereign rights. What is an Exclusive Economic Zone, or EEZ? The concept of the EEZ was adopted in 1982 at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. It stipulates that a sovereign state exercises special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including alternative means of energy production, from water and wind. The area of the EEZ stretches beyond the nation’s territorial waters and up to 200 CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 15 in Europe, followed by Italy, the UK and Spain. nautical miles from its coastline, while the jurisdiction of the coastal state concerns the seabed and the waters below the sea surface, with the latter formally being under international jurisdiction. Regarding territorial waters and the continental shelves of different states, if the EEZs of two countries overlap and interact, it is up to the neighboring states to jointly determine their exact maritime borders. 29 Which among the following awards has been cancelled for 2020 due to COVID-19? (a) Ramon Magsaysay awards (b) Nobel Prize () National Awards (d) Academy Awards Answer: (a) Explanation: Ramon Magsaysay awards, known as Asia's version of the Nobel Prize, have been cancelled this year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Manila-based foundation issued a statement on June 9, 2020 saying that it has no choice but to cancel the 2020 awards with COVID-19 almost immobilizing the world. 30 According to the World Bank, the global economy will shrink by how much in 2020? (a) 5.2 percent (b) 6.4 percent (©) 7.1 percent (d) 48 percent Answer: (a) Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 2020 GDP Forecast Wee a eeu ee BR reg remo Explanation: The Global Economy is predicted to shrink by 5.2 percent in 2020, which is the deepest plunge since the Second World War, according to the forecasts of the World Bank. The severe contraction in the global economy is a result of the massive shutdown measures evoked across the world to contain the coronavirus pandemic While projecting Pakistan's GDP growth contracting second consecutive year in the next fiscal year 2020-21 and touching negative 0.2 percent, the World Bank has pointed out that the benefits of decreased oil prices might be offset by falling remittances inflows in Pakistan and India According to Global Economic Prospects Report released from Washington DC, Pakistan's GDP growth would continue shrinking in next fiscal year and it might touch negative 0.2 percent of GDP in fiscal year 2020-21 against revised projection of negative 2.6 percent for the outgoing fiscal year 2019-20. t states that Pakistan and Afghanistan are both projected to experience contractions in 2020. Mitigation measures imposed in these countries are expected to weigh heavily on private consumption, contributing to output contractions of - 2.6 percent (FY-2019/20) and -5.5 percent, respectively. Key labour-intensive export sectors like textiles are expected to contract sharply and subsequently recover slowly. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com 31 Which planet's moon is dri faster than expected? (a) Earth (b) Jupiter (c) Saturn (d) Neptune Answer: (c) Explanation: Saturn's moon Titan has been moving away faster than previously understood, about 4 inches (11 centimeters) every year, as per data discovered from NASA\s Cassini spacecraft. Earth's moon has also been drifting away a tiny bit more each year similar to other moons of other planets 32 Which country has imposed lockdown in certain areas of its capital to contain new virus clusters, fuelling fear of a second wave of COVID-19 virus? (a) Japan (b) China (0) Italy (d) France Answer: (b) Explanation: China is racing to control fresh coronavirus outbreak in Beijing after over 75, Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | ®s_ CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs new cases were reported in the last two days. The new virus cluster is linked to a single wholesale food and meat market in Beijing. The concerned authorities have begun mass testing almost hundreds of people who had visited the Xinfadi wholesale market. 33 Which nation was ranked first on the World Competitiveness Index? (a) Denmark (b) Netherlands (©) Singapore (d) Switzerland Answer: (c) :. Singapore has retained its top spot as the world’s most competitive economy in the latest edition of the IMD World Competitiveness Ranking The Republic held on to the top slot for a second straight year in the annual list of 63 economies, which analyses their ability to generate prosperity. Making up the top five after Singapore were Denmark, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Hong Kong. As a group, they illustrate the strength of many small economies amid the disruption caused by the coronavirus pandemic, the Institute for Management Development (IMD), which is based in Lausanne, Switzerland, said in a statement on Tuesday (June 16). However, Hong Kong dropped three spots on the list to settle at No. 5 this year. IMD attributed Hong Kong's slide to a relatively deficient performance of its economy, employment and societal framework. The underlying strengths of the autonomous region's economy, however, remain in place, it said. In fact, besides Singapore and Taiwan - which rose to 11th place from 16th - rankings for all For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comYou regret the things you did’nt do when you had the chance. Now! it is your chance. Grab it! {sureSUREES eer uC TEST PRACTICE WORK BOOK Fully Solved MCQs, (042) 37353510 - 37. Ta ie Nera ESCMonthly HS. July 2020, ‘other Asian economies dropped from their year-ago positions. Both the world's two largest economies fell in the rankings as well. The rankings are based on responses in the first quarter of 2020 from business executives ‘on questions about how they perceive their country's economy and hard data from 2019. IMD noted that the factors behind Singapore's success include its strong economic performance, which stems from robust international trade and investment, employment and labour market measures. "Singapore is a small economy with similarities to Denmark and the Netherlands. Its rise to the No. 1 spot was largely driven by the relative ease of setting up business, the availability of skilled labour and its cutting- edge technological infrastructure,” IMD said. Stable performances in both Singapore's education system and technological infrastructure - telecommunications, Internet bandwidth speed and high-tech exports - also played key roles, it said. Elsewhere in the Americas, Canada moved up to 8th from 13th, while in Europe, the United Kingdom climbed from 23rd to 19th, and France lost its foothold on 31st, having to settle this year for 32nd 34 The European Union's antitrust authority has opened cases against which tech giant? (a) Apple (b) Facebook (Q Google (d) Samsung Answer: (a) UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com CSS Times. CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 19 Explanation: The European Union's powerful antitrust authority opened a series of cases against Apple on June 16, 2020 including one brought by Spotify alleging the tech giant makes unfair use of its app store. Apple calls out companies after ‘free ride’ Apple criticized the investigation and said it was based on groundless complaints from a few companies. "It's disappointing the European Commission is advancing baseless complaints from a handful of companies who simply want a free ride, and don't want to play by the same rules as everyone else,” the iPhone maker said in a statement. “We don't think that's right — we want to maintain a level playing field where anyone with determination and a great idea can succeed.” 35 When will the 93rd Oscars be held? (a) April 2021 (b) March 2021 (©) May 2021 (d) December 2021 Answer: (a) Explanation: The Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences and the ABC Television Network on June 15 announced that the 93rd Oscars has been postponed and will now be held on April 25, 2021. The prestigious Academy Award was earlier scheduled to be held on February 28, 2021. Academy key dates for the 2020/2021 Oscar season are as follows: Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly SM CSS Times H duly 2020 Preliminary voting begins Monday, February 1, 2021 Preliminary voting ends Friday, February 5, 2021 Oscar Shortlists Announcement Tuesday, February 9, 2021 Nominations voting begins Friday, March 5, 2021 Nominations voting ends Wednesday, March 10, 2021 Oscar Nominations Announcement Monday, March 15, 2021 Oscar Nominees Luncheon Thursday April 15, 2021 Finals voting begins Thursday April 15, 2021 Museum Gala Saturday, April 17, 2021 Finals voting ends Tuesday, April 20, 2021 Oscars Oscar Sunday, April 25, 2021 Museum Public Opening Friday, April 30,2021 36 Which nation’s Supreme Court barred workplace discrimination against LGBT community in a historic judgment? (a) France (b) US () UK (d) Canada Answer: (b) Explanation: The Supreme Court of the United States on June 15, 2020 barred workplace discrimination to protect the rights of the LBGT community. CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 80 The court said the language of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits sex discrimination, applies to discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. That opinion and two dissents, spanning 168 pages, touched on a host of flash points in the culture wars involving the L.G.B.T. community — bathrooms, locker rooms, sports, pronouns and religious objections to same-sex marriage. The decision, the first major case on transgender rights, came amid widespread demonstrations, some protesting violence aimed at transgender people of color. The Trump administration had urged the court to rule against gay and transgender workers, and it has barred most transgender people from serving in the military. The Department of Health and Human Services issued a regulation on Friday that undid protections for transgender patients against discrimination by doctors, hospitals and health insurance companies. The decision, covering two sets of cases, was the court's first on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender rights since the retirement in 2018 of Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, who wrote the majority opinions in all four of the court's major gay rights decisions. Proponents of those rights had worried that his departure would halt the progress of the movement toward equality. The case on gender identity, R.G. & GR, Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, No. 18-107, was brought by a transgender woman, Aimee Stephens, who was fired from a Michigan funeral home after she announced in 2013 that she was a transgender woman and would start working in women's clothing. Mr. Zarda died in an accident in 2014, and Ms. Stephens died on May 12. Their estates continued to pursue their cases after their deaths. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,UPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com 37 Who will host and produce the 2020 Emmy Awards? (@) Oprah Winfrey (b) Ellen DeGeneres (9) Jimmy Kimmel (d) Jimmy Fallon Answer: (c) Explanation: Popular American TV host Jimmy Kimmel will host the 2020 Emmy Awards. The awards are set to take place on September 20. It is yet unclear whether it will be virtual or live in-person amid the COVID- 19 pandemic. 38 Which country has set up a tribunal to probe a mega construction project undertaken with Chinese support in its Karen state? (@) Bangladesh Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | Times CURRENT AFFAIRSMCQs ss (b) Nepal (©) Bhutan (d) Myanmar Answer: (d) Explanation: The government of Myanmar has set up a tribunal to probe the construction of a mega city project being undertaken with the support of China in the Karen state, around 15 km north of Myawaddy. The Deputy Minister of Union Government office U Tin Myint said that he has been selected to Chair the committee to investigate the Shwe Kokko city Project. The project was temporarily halted in 2019 for breaching investment regulations. 39 Which international body has asked Myanmar to ensure safe return of Rohingyas? (a) UNHRC (b) United Nations (9) UNSC Explanation: The UNHRC also urged the Myanmar government to lift the internet shutdown in Rakhine state. The council has called upon the Myanmar government to provide media, independent observers and diplomatic corps full access to the country. What is the Rohingya Crisis? In August 2017, over 730,000 Rohingya Muslims had fled from Myanmar's Rakhine state to escape persecution following For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.comDesigned for CSS, PMS, PCS Objective Type Questions (MCQs) with Explanatory Notes — aa Pleats a) ee tlle Buy online: www.hsmpublishers.comUPLOADED BY HSM PUBLISHERS www.hsmpublishers.com Monthly SM CSS Times H duly 2020 violence and severe human rights violations. India had refused to refuge to the fleeing Rohingyas stated that they could pose a threat to the nation's national security and peace. However, India launched Operation Insaniyat in September 2017 to help out in their rehabilitation process by distributing necessary relief material including sugar, salt, rice, pulses, cooking oil, tea, biscuits and Mosquito nets. Background Myanmar has claimed to have taken steps in the past to enable the safe return of the Rohingya refugees camped in Bangladesh to promote peace and stability in the Rakhine state. However, the steps have not appeared to be sufficient to encourage their return. India and Myanmar had in fact, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on December 20, 2017 to develop Rakhine state, the region from where thousands of Rohingya Muslims had fled. Bangladesh and Myanmar had also signed an agreement to initiate the repatriation process of the Rohingya refugees at the end of January 2018 but the deal was called off at the last minute by the Bangladesh government. In March 2018, the United Nations reported that the ethnic cleansing of the Rohingya Muslim minority in Myanmar's Rakhine state continued even today. 40 Which country recently decided to join the UN Arms Trade Treaty? (a) Pakistan (b) China (c) Israel (@) Iran Answer: (b) Explanation: The People's Republic of China has decided to join the UN Arms Trade Treaty which is a global pact to regulate arms sales in the world. While announcing the news, the Chinese government mentioned that it has been committed to efforts to enhance peace and stability in the world. CURRENT AFFAIRS MCQs 83 United Nations Arms Trade Treaty © The UN-ATT regulates the international trade in conventional arms, from small arms to battle tanks, combat aircraft and warships, and controls the flow of weapons into conflict zones. © Itentered into force on 24" December 2014. ©. The treaty requires member countries to keep records of international transfers of weapons and to prohibit cross-border shipments that could be used in human rights violations or attacks on civilians. © State parties to the treaty may seek assistance in its implementation and the UN Trust Facility Supporting Cooperation on Arms Regulation (UNSCAR) was launched to help in that. o UNSCAR is a voluntary, flexible multi-donor trust fund to kick-start advocacy, universalisation and implementation of the ATT. 0 Itaims to: Mobilize resources to support the ratification/accession and implementation of relevant international instruments on arms regulations. Monthly HSM CSS Times (E Magazine) | July 2020 | For Free Download: www.hsmpublishers.com,