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    ICEP Dawn Analysis 06 August 2020 PDF

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    Sanya Atta Sanghar

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    ICED DAWN EDITORIALS & OPINIONS ANALYSIS A Our Policy We provide you with best quality analysis of Dawn newspaper on daily basis. The reason behind this endeavor is clear as our policy is to educate you. Knowing the current issues of Pakistan_domestic and external is imperative for Civil service aspirants. Unlike Indi Pakistan no such digital platform or academic work is available for aspirants’ ease of preparation. So, follow these instructions: Read these editorials and Opinions carefully and keenly. These are important for widening your knowledge base, improving language skills, understanding key issues, etc. This section(Editorial/ Opinions) is very useful for English Essay, Current Affairs, Pakistatvffairs — and sometimes Islamiat ~ papers as they emphasize more on analysis than facts. (Icep Analyst) ( To The Point = Competitive Exams = Essay Writing = Current Affairs - Pakistan Affairs Global Issues Geopolitics = International Relations = Foreign Policy & Presented By: M.Usman & Rabia K Il CED Dawn Aaalysis (CEP DRM COTORETS AECESIS MUSMAN AND RABIA K CONTENTS TABLE ‘Page Title Section/Category 05 New Map Global Affairs 07 PFUS at 70 Journalism 0 ‘Needed reforms National Affairs 22, Assessing Kashmir on August 5, 2020 Global Affairs 26 The Blackest Day Global Affairs 2D UKs staggeringly lax response to Russian Global Aff interference Red for Difficult Vocab Green for Important Figures and contents Others colours used where necessary CED Dawn Aaalysis z =) 7772) yy ~ = <| —) Ss >>>>9 4 a 1cED Dawn Analysis: Notes: Question-Answer Formation Q: What is the new political Map of Pakistan? POLITICAL MAP OF PAKISTAN UNVEILED BY PM IMRAN KHAN fo take back 370 Article’s revocation? Q: Is this a psychological move to p It appears that the cartographic ch: sychological move designed to pay India back inthe same coin. Last year, bei leased a political map which s! ad. Kashmir and Gilgit- Baltistan ss partor ry. That questionable move w: jected by China and Nepal along with Pakistan, reflecting the serious has with nearly all its neighbours. Whil ns the changes on the map are designed to counter Indian pro some questions t should consider. Firstly, why was the mi s of the region’s festiny, and no Q: What can be the Final solution to Kashmir issue ? A final solution to the dispute can only be achieved after Kashmiris express their will in a demoeratic manner. Perhaps a detailed debate in parliament can help answer some of these questions, and clarify the situation for Pakistanis, Kashmiris and the world. 4 CED Dawn hnalysis New map | Dawn Editorial Introducti A DAY before the country observed Yaum-i-Istehsal to mark one year since the special status of India-held Kashmir was revoked by New Delhi, a new map of Pakistan was unveiled by the government which, the prime minister said, “supports our principled stance on Kashmir dispute”. There are various modifications in the new official map; for example the claim for Junagadh and Manavadar — now in India — has been highlighted, as has Pakistan’s position on Sir Creek. But perhaps the greatest change has been the inclusion of the entire Jammu and Kashmir region as part of Pakistan. This has expectedly raised India’s hackles, though the Foreign Office has shot down New Delhi’s remonstrations. A psychological befitting reply to Indi Tt appears that the cartographic changes are a psychological move designed to pay India back in the same coin. Last year, New Delhi had also released a political map which showed Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan as part of its territory. That questionable move was swiftly rejected by Chinaand Nepal along with Pakistanpreflecting the serious border disputes India has with nearly all its neighbours. As for Pakistan’s new map, the prime minister termed it “the first step” towards resolution of the festering Kashmir imbroglio, while adding that the move was designed to reject India’s annexation of occupied Kashmir last year, and the bifurcation of the held region into union.territories of Jammu and, Kashmir, and Ladakh. Critical Analy: While it seems the changes on the map are designed to counter Indian propaganda, there are some questions the government should consider. Firstly, why was the map issued at this juncture? Secondly, how far will this move go im forwarding the Kashmir cause? Rhetoric apart, it needs to be examined what moves are being made on the ground to end India’s brutal siege of IHK, and resolve the Kashmir question as per the aspirations of the regions people, Pakistan has always argued that only Kashmiris can decide their destiny, and no changes can be imposed on them. ‘Suggestions and Evaluations of the mo Therefore, while the new map may be designed to express solidarity with’Kashmiris, it needs to be reiterated that/a/final solution to the dispute can.only'be achieved after Kashmiris express their will ina democratic manner, Perhaps a detailed debate in parliament can help answer some of these questions, and clarify the situation for Pakistanis, Kashmiris and the world, However, regardless of these changes, the situation in IHK remains grim, with Kashmiris putting up with a year-long lockdown. Yet despite India’s cruel tactics, the Kashmiris’ spisit remains unbroken. The Indian military machine can apply all the pressure it wants, but the fact is that the held region’s people have had enough of New Delhi’s colonial rule, and want freedom and dignity. After living in limbo for over seven decades, the time is ripe for a just, peaceful solution to the Kashmir issue as per the wishes of the Kashmiri people. 5 CED Dawn hnalysis VOCAB Description unveiled: show or announce publicly for the first time: the Home Secretary has unveiled plans to crack down on crime. hackles: the hairs on the back of a person's neck, thought of as being raised when the person is angry or hostile: she felt her hackles rise in anger. remonstrations: make a forcefully reproachful protest: hie turned angrily to remonstrate with Tommy cartographic: the science or practice of drawing maps Payback with same coin: splinter group, clique within a larger group; discord or dissension within a group or organization festering: (of a negative feeling or a problem) become Worse or more intense, especially through long-term neglect or indifference: a festering controversy. imbroglio: an extremely confused, complicated, or embarrassing situation: the Abdication imbroglio of 1936: limbo: an uncertain period of awaiting a decision or resolution; an intermediate state or condition: in limbo, waiting for people to décide what to do. 6 CED Dawn fnalysis PFUJ at 70 | Dawn Editorial Introducti THE Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists, which is celebrating its 70th anniversary this week, can look back on its history with both satisfaction and mortification, Historical glance at PI makin; Ithas achieved a lot but has also lost much of its vigour due to factionalism within its ranks. The courageous decision to create an organisation dedicated to the ideals of a media free from bondage to the government — and Pakistan's other powerful players — was itself an achievement. It was a difficult task because of Pakistan's membership of Western military alliances; any mention of libertarian ideas was considered a communist plot. Yet the fact that the PFUJ not only survived but worked fearlessly under a unified, elected leadership is indeed a tribute to its founders’ vision and courage. Aims and objectives of the PFUJ: Their aim was simple and non-cofitroversial — to haveiaittade union dedicated to ensuring the implementation of Pakistani joumalists’ professional rights and their economic well- being. One of its biggest achievements was getting an unwilling government to agree to the establishment of a body to categorise newspapers according to their financial strength and draw up pay scales for journalists, Set up in the early 1960s, the wage board has been giving its award every five years despite opposition from the owners” lobby. An event that marked the a : An event that is an intrinsic part of the PFUPs history was the countrywide strike in 1970, which was launched under the leadership of the late Minhaj Barna. While the strike was essentially for the grant of interim pay relief for all journalists, and was held after a ‘yes* vote by PFUJ members, the general election due later that year cast its ominous shadow,on the protest. Right-wing political parties portrayed it as a leftist plot and tried to sabotage the strike by instigating the newspaper industry’s non-journalist staff. A controversial decision of PFUJ: One of the PFUY)s controversial decisions in the aftermath of the strike was'to form a vertical trade union the.All Pakistan Newspaper Employees Confederation — that included both journalists and non-journalists: This decision led to a gradual dilution of the PFUY’s strength, with all bargaining power resting with APNEC, Now the PFUJ, for a variety of reasons, including personality-driven ambitions, stands divided in factions, several attempts at unity having failed, Ata time when efforts are on to gag free expression, a united PFUJ is needed more than ever before. Way Forward: Itis time common sense prevailed and all PFUI factions realised it is only through joumalists’ unity that press freedom can be collectively defended. 7 CED Dawn hnalysis Vocab description mortification: Destruction of active qualities; neutralization... ‘ominous : giving the worrying impression that something bad or unpleasant is going to happen; threateningly inauspicious: there were ominous dark clouds gathering overhead | an i ff cao nn cp present: ‘Sol a c _—— ITT ie ¥ ¥ ICEP ,\\ yy 2 % Needed reforms | Dawn Editorial Introduction: ‘THE abolition of more than 71,000 federal jobs in BPS-1 to BPS-16 — or over 10pe of around 680,000 sanctioned posts — is a welcome step towards a leaner(smooth) governmentt. That the abolished posts had been vacant for at least one year means that most Of these jobs were not needed at all and could have been created out of political considerations at the taxpayers’ expense. ‘The aims and objectives of this decision: The decision is part of the institutional reforms aimed at restructuring the federal government and will help check the latter’s swelling pay and pension bill besides creating fiscal space for new recruitments to improve the quality and reach of essential public services including education and healtheare. * The government has also begun evaluation of itsettiployees in BPS-1 to BPS-19 to check poor performance — but here ther€ are valid concerns of potential political ‘manipulation on its part besides reducing the number of federal departments, autonomous and semi-autonomous bodies, ete, On the face of it, the purpose is to make the government machinery responsive towards the needs of the citizens while controlling its running expenditure, cri While the institutional reforms undertaken so far should be appreciated, these were the easier ones to execute. The harder ones are yetto be implemented. There are ample indications that the government is facing resistance to the ‘change’ it wants to bring in the quality of governance in many places from entrenched vested interests. * For instance, the FBR hierarchy reported to have already rejected its proposed reorganisation as suggested by the insti tutional reforms body. = Similarly, political compulsions are stopping the government from abolishing ministries and functions that have already been devolved to the proyitices in spite of the significant burden on its budget. ‘The loopholes in the Govt's Reforms: It must, however, be pointed out that a leaner government doesn’t necessarily guarantee smarter governance as such. Reforms that aren’t accompanied by greater use of technology and improvements in processes crucial to transforming the way public services are provided 9 CED Dawn hnalysis ENGLISH WRITING PRACT ICE rP—rmre “4, we Word of the day “eschew” Reference: ln bllgwence:Nenptper-OAWN.COM The word “eschew” has been used in the newspaper “Dawn” in May. To avoid such a nightmare scenario, sabre- rattling must be eschewed, and India must Sabre-rattling pursue the path OF dialogue instead of -the display or threat of military force. hurling unsubstantiated allegations Published in Dawn, May 5th, 2020 eschew: (cs-choo) verb — to avoid, especially on moral or practical grounds Synonyms: abstain) /ayoid, escape, forgo, give up, renounce, shun Ovo-lacto vegetarians eschew all animal flesh. However; they are not averse to consuming animal products such as dairy and eggs. memory word: achoo! Picture: A tree-hugging) vegetarian type at a fancy cocktail party. A server walks up to her with an hors d’oeuvres platter filled with meat. She’s offended and deliberately sneezes, “aaaachoo” on the tray of food, then Marns her nose up and walks away. 4 r Wl CED Dawn fnalysis Learning Analytical Writing for CSS Let’s try to understand analytical writing techniques through example: Topic In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important contributions. Brainstorming: Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. Strategies A good starting point is to break down the statement and identify the assumptions it makes. Look for ambiguous phrasing and considerall possible exceptions ~ they represent weak points that you can defend or attack depending on your chosen position. Statement breakdown a) Any field — is it applicable to all fields? How about highly complex ones that require specialized knowledge? (corr b) Beginner ~ how do you classify ‘the beginner? Based on age? Experience? Knowledge? €) More likely ~ does it refer to statistical probability (numbers game)? Does it#efer to inherent qualities of the beginner? 4d) “Important contributions — what constitutes an important contribution? What is the classification eriterion: applicability, usefulness, impact? Assumptions a) Beginners are more likely:to contribute, since there are more/béginners than experts b) Important contributions are not based on experience ©) Beginners have more creative minds, while experts are set in their ways Pros and Cons Pros a) Thinking outside the box (integrating and reorganizing existing understandings ~ a process essential (o beginners b) With age, cognitive abilities deteriorate, it becomes harder to process new information (experts are often older) ¢) Beginners are determined ~ they have something to prove d) Beginners are freer to experiment ~ experts are set in their ways e) There are greater numbers of beginners, so a larger chance to bring accidental contributions 2 CED Dawn hnalysis f) Beginners have more willingness to try or evaluate new paths g) Beginners have more time (experts are committed to multiple projects and often have to perform supervisory roles) h) Beginners have less to lose by pursuing risky avenues Cons a) Beginners that make important contributions are considered experts b) The aging brain is similar to the creative brain (based on neural imaging) — low inhibitions, high scores on crystallized IQ c) Experts are more productive, have a better work ethic 4d) Some fields are very complex (entry level knowledge is insufficient to provide deep insight) ight e) For beginners, lack of practical application can lead to correct but irrelevant (researching avenues that lead to nowhere f) Focused research (knowing the field allows you to conduct a targeted research) 8) Historically, most of the great inventions come from experts between the ages of 30 to 50 hh) Experts have more freedom of choice when it comes'to the research topic (beginners are limited by supervisors ji) Experts can get more funding, or obtain it easier than. beginners can (reputation) 1) Experts enjoy more credibility Examples a) Inventors and scientific contributors from the past b) Studies linking age and creativity 7 ©) Problem solving skills and methods (you can pair thém up with the groupthat fits best) d) Clitrent research practices i Sample Writing Humans have conquered their surroundings and overcome their lifnits in leaps and bounds marked by great innovations. Our ability to integrate and reorganize existing understandings, to bring new order to chaos, has been the driving force of our progress. It is no wonder that people seek to understand the process of innovation and encourage those that are most likely to succeed in revolutionizing the world, So far, invention has been considered the patrimony of experts, and one of the reasons is the fact that, in order to be able to combine fragments of knowledge in new ways, one needs to have sufficient knowledge in the first place. It is not difficult to understand why such perceptions abound, especially if we consider highly complex fields that require specialized, in depth, knowledge. Take for instance astrophysics or microbiology — a beginner in these fields would only possess summary knowledge of the forces at play and the processes involved. They wouldn't be able to revolutionize theories on dark matter without a basic understanding of quantum theories, and by the time they would have acquired this knowledge, they would be considered experts. This is also the case of Albert Einstein, whose major contributions in the field came as a 13 CED Dawn fnalysis steady progression after getting his PhD. Most important of all, Einstein’s theory of relativity only started taking shape after years of teaching theoretical physics at the universities in Zurich and Prague, and two years spent studying continuum mechanics, the molecular theory of heat, and the problem of gravitation. When it comes to establishing whether beginners or experts are more likely to revolutionize anew field, itis important to note that a lot of the past inventions have come from people that had to constantly struggle with a specific problem. A lot of the people that have contributed to the advancement of society were experts in a field (they were in the proper circumstances to encounter the problem and possessed sufficient knowledge to recognize and solve the issue at hand). This is the ease of prominent physician, John Snow, whose field work in tracing the 1854 cholera outbreak in London is regarded as the founding event of epidemiology. He encountered many cases of viral diseases as a physician, which, alongside his skepticism of the then dominant miasma theory of infection, spurred him on to research the Soho epidemic and discover the source of the outbreak. Moreover, one should always keep in mind that it’s not sufficient to have a good idea; a researcher should also be able to support it and make it known. This holds especially true when considering the basic conditions for any form of research to be considered a major contribution in a field. Namely, said research should revolutionize its field of study, it should be known by other experts in the discipline and obtain external validation (even if at a later point in time). In this sense, experts enjoy more credibility than beginners, and are likely to be taken more seriously. Furthermore, experts already have networks in place and get quicker access to information like interesting research proposals and latest advancements. Companies and other researchers will choose to go to the person with a better reputation. ‘The same can be said in terms of funding, experts ean attract more funds for promising research- simply because they have more experience and an established reputation. Studies have shown that experts are more’productive and have better work ethic and time management skills. In addition, being an expert doesn’t signify the death of creativity, like the statement implies, blindly sticking to, one method has more to do with personality. The same goes for linking expertise with age, as neural imaging studies have shown thatthe aging braifvis more creative, uninhibited and shows better crystallized IQ. Benjamin Jones has also found that over the past 100 years, the major scientific discoveries fave come from people with ages between 30 and 50. Overall, when it cdimes to having major contributions in a field, experts) possess the advantage. They have more kitowledge, an increased ability'to organize the information they posses, more resources to fund research and a better work ethic than beginners. 14 HCED Dav Analysis Most frequent Foreign Words used in English Newspapers Latin Phrases in English ‘Many Latin phrases are still used in English, though generally more in written English than in spoken English. Here are given more common phrases from Latin, with meanings, comments and contextual examples. Although you may not need to use Latin phrases yourself, i's useful to recognise them when you y an = S a (toe — mentis used ironically) ‘mentis. de facto in fact; in reality Although the Emperor was the head of state, the de facto ruler of Japan was the Shogun. ergo therefore cogito ergo sum 15 CED Dawn hnalysis erratum error; mistake Lists of errors from a previous publication are often marked "errata" (the plural, ‘meaning errors). etcetera; ete andthe rest; and so on; and We urgently need to buy medical more equipment, drugs ef cetera ex gratia from kindness or grace (without ‘They received an undisclosed ex gratia recognizing any liability or payment. legal obligation) ex libris -— samen Brown habeas f& order instructing that a The right of habeas = long been corpus mn underarrest be brought regarded as an important = of : Es ‘per annum; pa. er capita for each person ‘The country's annual income is $5000 per capita. erse —_initselfthemselves; intrinsically These facts per se are not important. ‘post-mortem examination of a body after ‘The post-mortem revealed that she had been murdered, 16 CED Dawn hnalysis, pro rata proportional; proportionally The car rental charge is $50 per day and then pro rata for part of a day. favour or advantage given or Similar to "tit for tat", "give and take" and expected in return for "You scratch my back and I'll scratch something yours.” re about; concerning; regarding Re: Unpaid Invoice I spoke to the manager re your salary &: Po increase. a spoken ) absolutely necessary; anguage. which not” Hl ‘sti wish to main the 7 NCED Dawn hnalysis Important Phrasal Verbs with detailed explanation Wrap Up Different forms Infinitive: Wrap Up Present Tense: Wrap Up/ Wraps Up -ing Form: Wrapping Up Past Pariple Wrapped — = Ss a ‘Wrap Up is a separat | verb and has 4 definitions. an ~ ' 1111 Definitions of 1. To cover: ing with sor a ir 3 - as 3. ‘ _ ali event L Me LG 18 CED Dawn hnalysis, Wear Off Different forms Infinitive: Wear Off Present Tense: Wear Ofi/ Wears Off -ing Form: Wearing Off Past Tense: Wore Off Past Participle: Worn Off Wear Off is a Tap he: i verb and has | definition. Definitions of Wear’ ™“S 1. To decrease or: SE 7 Cr. ded ettethex nook \e wore off. Examples: The soles of vorite shoes) = Tneed resol é 2. To go tobed. Examples: You should turn in e ing Thanksgiving dinner at four in the morning. Well, I’m tuming in. Goodnight! 3. To submit something. Examples: I need to have this article turned in by midnight if it is going to be in the Monday paper. Every week we must turn in a report documenting the job tasks we completed to our boss. 19 CED Dawn fnalysis: Start Off Different forms: Infinitive: Start Off Present Tense: Start Off/ Starts Off -ing Form: Starting Off Past ‘Tense: Started Off Past Participle: Gi on >) existence a

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