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06 - SPSF4 09 B7 PDF
06 - SPSF4 09 B7 PDF
Bidang Pembelajaran
Koordinasi Badan
BAB 7 Body Coordination
Konsep PENTING
IMPORTANT Concepts
Jenis dadah
Types of drug
Punca dan kesan
ketidakseimbangan
KOORDINASI BADAN
hormon
BODY COORDINATION
Causes and effects of
hormonal imbalance
Minda yang sihat
Healthy mind
Koordinasi badan ialah penyelarasan gerak balas badan kita terhadap sebarang rangsangan di sekeliling
kita dan di dalam badan kita seperti perubahan suhu dan pencernaan makanan. Koordinasi memastikan
setiap bahagian badan dikawal supaya dapat berfungsi secara harmoni.
Body coordination is the adjustment of our body’s reaction towards any stimulus around us and from the
inside of our body like change in temperature and digestion of food. Coordination ensures that each part
of the body is controlled so that it functions in harmony.
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NOTA BESTARI
Sistem Endokrin dan Fungsinya Endocrine System and Its Functions
1. Kelenjar endokrin ialah kelenjar tanpa duktus yang 1. Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete
merembeskan hormon terus ke dalam darah. hormones directly into the blood.
2. Sistem endokrin manusia terdiri daripada kelenjar 2. The human endocrine system consists of the following
yang berikut. glands.
(a) Kelenjar pituitari (a) Pituitary gland
• Sebagai kelenjar induk yang mengawal kelenjar • It is the master gland that controls other
endokrin yang lain dan mengawal pertumbuhan endocrine glands and controls the growth of
otot dan tulang muscles and bones
(b) Kelenjar tiroid (b) Thyroid gland
• Mengawal kadar metabolisme badan, • Controls the rate of body metabolism, mental
perkembangan mental dan fizikal and physical development
(c) Pankreas (c) Pancreas
• Hormon insulin yang dirembeskan mengawal • Insulin hormone that is secreted controls the
aras glukosa di dalam darah glucose level in the blood
• Kekurangan hormon insulin akan menyebabkan • A lack of the insulin hormone will cause
diabetes diabetes
(d) Kelenjar adrenal (d) Adrenal glands
Meningkatkan kadar metabolisme atau respirasi • Increases the rate of metabolism or respiration
(e) Ovari (e) Ovary
• Merangsang penghasilan ovum, mengawal kitar • Stimulates the production of ova, controls the
haid dan ciri-ciri seks sekunder perempuan menstrual cycle and female secondary sexual
• Kekurangan hormon seks ini boleh characteristics
menyebabkan kemandulan, kitar haid tidak • Insufficiency of this sex hormone may cause
teratur dan keguguran fetus jika mengandung sterility, irregular menstrual cycles and
miscarriage in pregnancy
BAB
(f) Testis
• Merangsang penghasilan sperma (f) Testis
• Stimulates the production of sperms
7 • Kekurangan hormon seks ini boleh
menyebabkan sperma yang dihasilkan kurang • Insufficiency of this sex hormone may cause
the production of immature sperms and
matang dan perkembangan ciri-ciri sekunder
seks terencat. stunt the development of secondary sexual
characteristics.
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Standard Kandungan
7.1 Sistem endokrin manusia Tarikh:
2002 BHG. B, S1 2005 BHG. B, S5 2015 BHG. B, S4(a), (b) & (d)
Lengkapkan ruang tentang kelenjar endokrin. Kemudian, jawab soalan-soalan berikut.
Complete the spaces about endocrine glands in the spaces below. Then, answer the following questions.
BAB
aras glukosa di dalam
Mengawal Termometer rektal Letakkan di dalam duburdan respirasi serta metabolisme
3
7
Rectal the
darah/Controls glucose level in
thermometer Place in the anus badan/Increase the rate of
the bloodTermometer inframerah heartbeat respiration , and
Dekatkan ke dahi atau masukkan keand
4 Infrared thermometer dalam salur telinga/Bring nearmetabolism
body the
R: Testis/Testis forehead or put into the ear canal
Fungsi/Function: U: Ovari/Ovary
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3 (a) Namakan hormon yang dirembeskan oleh pankreas./Name a hormone secreted by the pancreas. TP1
Insulin/Insulin
(b) Nyatakan satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kekurangan hormon yang dinamakan di 3(a). TP1
State one disease that is caused by the lack of the hormone named in 3(a).
Diabetes melitus/Diabetes mellitus
4 Seorang lelaki mempunyai ketinggian yang luar biasa. Berdasarkan sistem endokrin, apakah yang
menyebabkan lelaki itu mempunyai ketinggian yang luar biasa?/A man has an abnormal height. Based
on the endocrine system, what causes the man to have an abnormal height?
Kelenjar pituitari merembes hormon pertumbuhan yang berlebihan.
The pituitary gland secretes excessive growth hormones.
5 Apakah kelenjar endokrin yang merembeskan banyak hormon semasa kecemasan, marah atau
ketakutan? TP1
What is the endocrine gland which secretes a lot of hormone during an emergency, when feeling anger or fear?
Kelenjar adrenal/Adrenal gland
6 Tandakan ( ✓ ) kesan-kesan kekurangan rembesan hormon daripada ovari pada seorang perempuan.
Tick ( ✓ ) the effects of the lack of hormonal secretion from the ovaries of a female. TP2
Kitar haid tidak tetap. Perkembangan mental terbantut.
✓
The menstrual cycle is irregular. Mental development is stunted.
Keguguran fetus berlaku jika perempuan itu mengandung.
✓
A miscarriage occurs if she is pregnant.
7 Tandakan ( ✓ ) kesan-kesan kekurangan rembesan hormon daripada kelenjar tiroid. TP2
Tick ( ✓ ) the effects of the lack of the hormonal secretion from the thyroid.
Kadar metabolisme menurun. Perkembangan mental dan fizikal terbantut.
✓ ✓
The metabolic rate decreases. Mental and physical development are stunted.
Perkembangan ciri-ciri seks sekunder terbantut.
The development of secondary sexual characteristics becomes stunted.
BAB
7 Match the types of hormone and endocrine glands with their functions.
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Tarikh:
Berdasarkan penerangan yang diberikan, nyatakan jenis penyakit atau keadaan yang dihadapi akibat
kesan gangguan kepada sistem endokrin./Based on the given explanation, state the types of illness or
condition faced as a result of interference to the endocrine system. TP2
BAB
Water accumulates in urination and feeling fatigue, insomnia, faint frequent urination, feeling
certain parts of the thirsty easily, headache, feeling thirsty, blurred vision,
body and they swell,
headache, dizziness
thirsty tiredness, slow healing of
wounds. 7
3 Hormon pertumbuhan (kelenjar pituitari) 4 Hormon tiroksina
Growth hormone (pituitary gland) Thyroxine hormone
Berlebihan Kekurangan Berlebihan Kekurangan
Excess Insufficient Excess Insufficient
Akromegali Hipertiroidisme
(Kegergasian) Kekerdilan/Dwarfism Hyperthyroidism Goiter/Goitre
Acromegaly (gigantism) Kadar pertumbuhan Kadar metabolisme 4 (a) Kelenjar tiroid
Kadar pertumbuhan yang terlalu rendah, dan denyutan jantung bengkak, sukar
yang terlalu tinggi tulang kurang kuat dan tinggi, kurus, cepat menelan, sukar
pada tengkorak, kemerosotan jisim otot marah/High rate bernafas/Swollen
tangan dan kaki. The rate of growth is of metabolism and thyroid glands,
Growth rate of the too low, the bone is less hearbeat, skinny, difficulty in
skull, hands and feet is strong and the muscle irritates easily swallowing, difficulty
too high. mass decline in breathing.
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Standard Kandungan
7.2 Gangguan kepada koordinasi badan Tarikh:
(c) Inhalan Disedut melalui nafas dan menyebabkan Aerosol, pelarut, bahan gas
Inhalant halusinasi/Inhale through breathing and Aerosols, solvents, gas
cause hallucinations substance
BAB
✓ Merosakkan sel-sel hati dan menyebabkan sirosis hati (berparut dan mengeras).
Damages liver cells and causes liver cirrhosis (scarred and hardened).
✓ Penglihatan menjadi kabur, pendengaran menjadi kurang peka, pertuturan tidak jelas,
halusinasi, tidak waras, perlakuan ganas./Vision becomes blurred, hearing sensitivity is
reduced, unclear speech, hallucination, insane, violent behaviour.
76
Standard Kandungan
7.3 Minda yang sihat Tarikh:
1 Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, kelaskan ciri-ciri minda yang sihat dan yang kurang sihat dalam
peta pokok di bawah./Based on the above statement, classify mind into healthy mind and unhealthy
mind in the tree map below. TP1
Minda/Mind
BAB
Tekanan mental Menghidap suatu penyakit
✓ ✓
Mental stress Suffering from a disease
✓
Penyalahgunaan dadah
Drug abuse
✓
Ketidakseimbangan hormon
Hormonal imbalance
7
Sentiasa bersenam Pengambilan alkohol berlebihan
✓
Regular exercise Excessive consumption of alcohol
3 Minda seseorang individu dipengaruhi oleh faktor luaran dan faktor dalaman. Daripada jawapan
di 2, kelaskan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan minda menjadi kurang sihat kepada faktor luaran dan
faktor dalaman dalam peta dakap di bawah./The mind of an individual is influenced by external and
internal factors. From the answer in 2, classify the factors that cause the mind to become unhealthy into
external and internal factors in the brace map below. TP1
Tekanan mental/Mental stress
Faktor luaran Keadaan persekitaran seperti kualiti udara
External factors
Environmental conditions such as the quality of air
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Kertas 2
Bahagian B/Section B
Arahan: Jawab semua soalan.
Instructions: Answer all the questions.
BAB
[1 markah/1 mark]
7
(d) Seorang remaja perempuan mengalami kitar haid yang tidak teratur. Namakan kelenjar endokrin yang tidak
berfungsi dengan baik. TP1
A girl suffers from an irregular menstrual cycle. Name the endocrine gland that is not functioning properly.
Ovari/Ovary
[1 markah/1 mark]
Bahagian C/Section C
Arahan: Jawab semua soalan.
Instruction: Answer all the questions.
2 (a) Berikan penerangan kepada punca gangguan terhadap sistem endokrin yang menyebabkan kesan yang
berikut: TP2
Give an explanation about the source of the interference to the endocrine system which causes the following effects.
(i) Diabetes insipidus/Diabetes insipidus
(ii) Diabetes melitus/Diabetes mellitus
(iii) Akromegali/Acromegaly
(iv) Kadar metabolisme rendah/Low rate of metabolism
[4 markah/4 marks]
(b) Seorang lelaki dewasa mendapati air kencingnya mengandungi gula. Terangkan bagaimana lelaki dewasa
itu dapat mengatasi masalah kesihatannya. Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek
berikut:/A man found that his urine contained sugar. Explain how he can overcome his health problem. Your
explanation should include the following aspects: TP4/KBAT
(i) Mengenal pasti masalah/Identify the problem
(ii) Terangkan punca masalah tersebut./Explain the cause of the problem.
(iii) Jelaskan kaedah penyelesaian./Explain the method to solve the problem.
(iv) Cadangkan satu perubahan yang harus dilakukan pada gizi hariannya.
Suggest a change needs to be done to his daily diet.
[6 markah/6 marks]
79