Salzburg is the capital city of the State of Salzburg and fourth-largest

city in Austria. In 2020, it had a population of 156,872. The town is located on the

site of the former Roman settlement of Iuvavum. Salzburg was founded as

an episcopal see in 696 and became a seat of the archbishop in 798. Its main

sources of income were salt extraction and trade and, at times, gold mining. The

fortress of Hohensalzburg, one of the largest medieval fortresses in Europe, dates

from the 11th century. In the 17th century, Salzburg became a centre of the Counter-

Reformation, where monasteries and numerous Baroque churches were built.