Personality types of Germany

These five personality traits are: Extraversion, which is an outwardly

gregarious, active and convivial attitude; Agreeableness in the sense of
altruism and a readiness to cooperate; Conscientiousness, denoting
organisation, careful planning and reliability; Openness to new
experiences – a trait marked by a lively imagination, a thirst for
knowledge, and a predilection for change; and Neuroticism (limited
emotional stability), which means a tendency towards fear, nervousness
and uncertainty.

If one looks at how the traits are expressed on the map of Germany, a few
characteristic profiles emerge – despite a great deal of diversity – which
partially confirm common stereotypes. It can be gleaned from the data,
for example, that southern Germans and those living in big cities such as
Berlin, Hamburg or Munich, are more open to the outside world than,
say, people living on the coast. A similar disparity can be seen between
eastern and western Germany, which confirms the picture of the
introverted east German and the more extroverted west German.
‘Agreeableness’ is less strongly expressed in Mecklenburg-Western
Pomerania in the north-east, for example, than in south-west Germany
around Freiburg, as well as in the western part of Saxony Anhalt. In
contrast, people living in the Mecklenburg lake district obtain higher
values for ‘conscientiousness’, for example, than inhabitants of the region
around Stuttgart, the capital of the south-western state of Baden-
Württemberg. In addition, people in south-west Germany are more
emotionally stable on average than those in southern Thuringia in former
East Germany or in the area around Bremerhaven in the north. “In the
regional distribution of ‘neuroticism’ in Germany, we encountered a
bisection of Germany that corresponds surprisingly clearly with the
historical Limes Line – with lower values south of the Limes. In the
south, people therefore demonstrate a more emotionally stable
personality, which is connected with well-being and psychological
resilience,” says Fritsch. The Limes Germanicus denotes a line that
divided the Roman Empire and the unsubdued Germanic tribes from 83
CE to around 260 CE.

And it is also generally true that people in rural areas show less openness
to new experiences than city dwellers. People shown to be particularly
open were those living in Berlin and in the metropolitan areas around
Hamburg and Cologne, but also in Leipzig and Dresden.

East-west differences and migration patterns

There are relatively limited differences between eastern and western
Germany. However, it is shown that east Germans are on average less
extrovert, less emotionally stable and less open to new experiences than
west Germans.

The researchers also took a close look at migration movements. “The

study shows that people born in a rural area who move to a city show
clearly higher values in the area of openness than people who remain in
the countryside,” says Michael Wyrwich. “In people who move in the
opposite direction, from city to countryside, ‘extraversion’, ‘openness’
and ‘agreeableness’ are more strongly expressed and they are more
resilient.” East Germans who move to western Germany are also more
open, emotionally stable, conscientious and extroverted than east
Germans who stay in their region of origin.

The study does not answer the question as to why these traits are
expressed differently depending on the region. “We could possibly make
a connection, for example, between lower resilience and economically
weaker regions, but that does not explain which factor came first,” says
Fritsch. “Nevertheless, economically relevant information can definitely
be derived from the results. If, for instance, we look at the predominant
personality traits in a region with especially large numbers of business
start-ups, we can learn something about personality structures that are
particularly marked by an entrepreneurial spirit.” The Jena researchers
now want to press ahead with this type of analysis, as well as others, on
the basis of their “psychological map of Germany”.

German Culture: Facts, Customs

and Traditions
The people, language, and traditions are what make
the German culture unique. It has had a key role in
the history of Europe, and not only. English speakers
call it Germany, Germans themselves call
it Deutschland. Germany is known as the country of
poets and thinkers.

German culture has been influenced and shaped

throughout Germany‘s rich history once as an important
part of The Holy Roman Empire, and later on as one of
the most stable economies in the world.

Whereas today, Germany is home to 82.2 million people

including Germans and minorities of other nationalities
that respect each other, and together make Germany a
country of values, unique celebrations, and customs.

In this article, we have given some facts about the

German culture, which has its roots at the beginning of
the first millennium, though through time it has lost and
gained different traits from the historical events that have
shaped not only Germany but the whole old continent of
Europe.
Firstly, here are some facts about today’s Germany.
Though English-speaking countries call it Germany,
Germans themself call it Deutschland. It is Germania in
Latin, l’Allemagne in French and Almanya in Turkish.

Berlin is its capital, but Hamburg, Munich and Cologne are

also among the main cities of Germany. It is estimated
that the average woman in Germany lives around 83
years, while the average man lives 79 years. The main
language is German and main religion is Christianity.

There are a lot of stereotypes about Germans, as that

they drink a lot of beer (which is true), they are
hardworking and punctual (which is also true), and that
the rate of unemployment in Germany is very low (true
again).

Language
Over 95% of the residents of Germany speak the German
language, whether it is the standard German or any of its
dialects. However, the German state has recognized four
minority languages, which are the Upper and Lower
Sorbian, Romani, Danish as well as North and Saterland
Frisian.

Because of the high number of immigration, there are also

languages spoken by a sizable number of communities, as
Turkish, Kurdish, Russian, Greek. Albanian, Polish etc.

Clothing
 Today, the average German dress is typically western.
Both men and women wear dark simple suits and shirts in
business context. However, each region of the country
have their own traditional costumes, which differ a bit
from one another. For example, in the state of Bavaria,
the traditional costume for men is leather trousers that
end just above the knee, while for women it is a dress
that incorporates a bodice, blouse, full skirt and an apron.
You can see people wearing these costumes, especially
during carnivals or festivals.

Religion
In Germany a percentage of 65 to 70 of people recognize
themselves as Christians, 29% of which as Catholics.
There is also a Muslim minority of 4.4%. A number as
high as 36% do not identify themselves as having any
religion or belong to another than Christianity or Muslim.

Symbolism
The German symbols have changed through different
phases in history alongside the events that have shaped
its culture and traditions. The eagle was part of the Holy
Roman Empire, which after Prussia’s victory over Austria
in 1886 has been shared by two different states. Martin
Luther and luminaries as Immanuel Kant, Johann
Gottfried von Herder and Johann Wolfgang Goethe are
also important figures and very contentious symbols.
Today the most known symbol of the country is its black,
red and gold flag

Literature

Germany is one of the leading nations when it comes to

reading, too. The German publishers, publish around 94
thousand new books each year, and the International
Frankfurt Book Fair, which is the most important book
event in the world, is held in Germany. Many don’t know,
but the first known book was printed in German, just as
the first ever known magazine.

According to a research conducted by Allensbach Media

Market Analysis, 44.6% of the German population read a
book at least once a week, while 58.3% of Germans buy
at least one book per year.

Philosophy
Some of the most famous philosophers were born and
lived in Germany, as Immanuel Kant, who played a
central role in the history of philosophy, and he was
inspired by German philosopher Schopenhauer and
Nietzsche who spent their whole lives in Germany. On the
other hand the developers of the communist theory Marx
and Engels were also Germans.

Cuisine
Germans drink a lot of beer, eat sausages and make
bread of different taste. That is not only a stereotype, but
a true fact. It is estimated that the average German
consumes around 140 liters of beer per year. Only in 2012
alone, Germans drank 2.25 gallons of beer, which is
actually the lowest level since the fall of the Berlin wall in
1990. They are the second largest beer consumers in
Europe, after the Czech.

Wurst, which means sausages in German, are an

important part of the German cuisine, which are made of
pork, beef or veal and flavored differently. As for bread,
there is a long tradition of bread-baking of which Germans
take pride in. There are breads with different shapes,
black and white, with different tastes and names, sweet,
soft, plain with all types of seeds you could think of.

The German cuisine is also rich with different types of

delicious traditional foods, as well as vegetarian and
vegan. You may be a picky eater, but in Germany you will
always have a lot of choices on what to eat and drink.

Music
World’s most renowned classical composers, as Bach and
Beethoven, who have marked the transition of music
between the classical and romantic to western classical
music, are Germans, who were born and died in Germany.
Other famous composers from Germany are Brahms,
Schubert, Handel, Telemann, Orff etc.
Nowadays, Germany is home to many music festivals,
starting from electronic music to hip-hop and rock & roll.
The largest music festival in Germany, which is also one of
the largest in the world, is the Rock am Ring festival
which gathers artists and performers, as well as music
fans from all over the world.

Germany also has many opera houses, which also serve

as a tourist attraction for foreign visitors.

Architecture

The country has gone through a tumultuous history, the

signs of which are evident in its rich and diverse
architecture. Its palaces, castles, cathedrals and
monuments best tell the story of Germany.
Amphitheaters, spas and roman bridges are part of the
ancient architecture and the civilization that bloomed in
the territory that today is Germany. Pre-Romanesque
architecture consists of churches as the Abbey Church of
Saint Michael’s that dates back to the beginning of the
10th century. Whereas, during the Romanesque period a
lot of cathedrals were built, which have survived through
time till today.

The Cologne Cathedral as well as many other cathedrals

were built during the Gothic era. The Renaissance, which
bloomed between the 15th and 17th centuries, is
characterized by castles and palaces as the Heidelberg
castle or the ducal Landshut Residence.

Baroque architecture arrived in Germany in the 18th

century, and a lot of building as the Wurzburg Residence
or the Augustusburg Castle have survived through time
until today, and are among the tourist attractions that
gather a lot of tourists.

Buildings like that of the Semper Opera in Dresden, the

Schwerin Palace and the Ulm Cathedral belong to the
historicism architecture. As for the modern era, it consists
of buildings as the Einstein Tower, Berlin Modernism
Housing Estates and the Gliwice Radio Tower.

Art

The German art has played a crucial role in the

development and shaping of the Western art, especially of
the Celtic art, Carolingian art and the Ottonian art.

Painting and sculptures in Gothic style were very famous

in Europe, including Germany. The highlight of the 15th
century were the design of altarpieces. Generations of
German artists explored and showed their skills in
Baroque and Rococo style, as well as of Neoclassicism.
Romanticism is also a very important part of the German
art.

Some of the most famous German paintings are: “The

Sin” by Franz Stuck, “Wanderer above the Sea of Fog” by
Caspar David Friedrich, “Studio Wall” by Adolf Menzel,
“Heller Altarpiece” by Albrecht Dürer and Matthias
Grünewald etc.

Celebrations
Though the Germans are known as very bureaucratic
people, they too know how to have fun and enjoy life. The
widely attended carnivals and festivals prove this
statement best. Both types of events are a joyful period of
the year in which whole cities engage in all-out parties
and colorful celebrations. The Carnivals have a long
history in Catholicism, while today they are celebrated by
street parades of people wearing costumes and masks.
There is a variety of carnivals and festivals celebrating all
spheres of life and joy.

Their weddings are also very special. It is a tradition for

the bride to carry bread and salt with her as an omen for
food harvest. On the other hand, the groom is supposed
to carry grain for good luck and wealth.
Personality types of russia
Russian to be less neurotic and more extraverted, open and
conscientious than other nations.
Perceived typical Russian tended to be .more similar to
observer-rated young ethnic Russian with respect to
Neuroticism, Extroversion
and Conscientiousness but not with respect to Openness and
Agreeableness. On the basis of this
partial agreement alone it would be impossible to claim that
the stereotype of the typical Russian
was copied and amplified from observing really existing
tendencies to feel, think, and behave

There were only few clearly distinctive traits of the typical

Russian: he or she is believed to seldom feel shame and
embarrassment (low N4: Self-Consciousness), to be dominant
and forceful (high E3: Assertiveness), to have a vivid
imagination (high O1: Fantasy) and to be ready to re-examine
his or her social, political, and religious values (high O6: Values).

Cultural practices of russia

The culture of the ethnic Russian people (along with the
cultures of many other ethnicities with which it has intertwined
in the territory of the Russian Federation) has a long tradition
of achievement in many fields,[1] especially when it comes
to literature,[2] folk dancing,[3] philosophy, classical music,[4]
[5] traditional folk music, ballet,
[6] architecture, painting, cinema,[7]animation and politics,
which all have had considerable influence on world culture.
Russia also has a rich material culture and a tradition in
technology.

Russian culture grew from that of the East Slavs, with

their pagan beliefs and specific way of life in the wooded,
steppe and forest-steppe areas of Eastern Europe and Eurasia.
Early Russian culture and Slavic people in Russia were much
influenced by nomadic Turkic people (Tatars, Kipchaks) and
tribes of Iranian origin through intense cultural contacts in
the Russian steppe and strongly by Finno-
Ugric, Balts and Scandinavians (Germanic people) through
the Russian North, as well as by the people of the Byzantine
Empire (especially Greeks) with which Old Russia maintained
strong cultural links. In the late 1st millennium AD the Nordic
sea culture of the Varangians (Scandinavian Vikings) and in the
middle of the second millennium the nomadic people of
the Mongol Empire also influenced the Russian culture.[8][9]
[10][11] Early Slavic tribes in European Russia were much
shaped by the fusion of Nordic-European and Oriental-Asian
cultures which formed Russian identity in the Volga region and
in the states of Rus' Khaganate and Kievan Rus'. Orthodox
Christian missionaries began arriving from the Eastern Roman
Empire in the 9th century, and Kievan Rus' officially converted
to Orthodox Christianity in 988. This largely defined the Russian
culture of the next millennium as a synthesis
of Slavic and Byzantine cultures.[12] Russia or Rus' was formed,
developed its culture and was influenced through its location
by Western European and Asian cultures so that a Russian-
Eurasian culture developed.[13]

Ethnic dress of Russian people

Not only the minorities in Russia but the Russian culture as a

whole has in the different regions of the country like in
Northwest Russia, Central Russia, Southern Russia, Siberian
Russia, Volga Russia, Ural Russia, Far East Russia and the
Russian North Caucasus and their Oblasts own local traditions
and characteristics which were developed over a long period of
time through strong ethno-cultural interactions within the
various groups and communities, like Slavs, Tatars and Finno-
Ugrics.[77]

Traditional Russian clothes include kaftan, a cloth which Old

Russia had in common with similar robes in the Ottoman
Empire, Scandinavia and Persia.[78] Kosovorotka, which was
over a long time of period a traditional holidays blouse worn by
men.[79] Ushanka for men, which design was influenced in
17th century when in central and northern Russia a hat with
earflaps called treukh was worn. Sarafan which is connected to
the Middle East region and were worn in Central- and Northern
regions of Old Russia. In Southern Russia burka and papaha are
connected to the Cossacks which, in turn, is culturally
connected to the people of the Northern
Caucaus. Kokoshnik for women was primarily worn in the
northern regions of Russia in the 16th to 19th
centuries. Lapti and similar shoes were mostly worn by poorer
members in Old Russia and northern regions
were Slavic, Baltic and Finno-Ugric people lived. Valenki are
traditional Russian shoes from 18th century designs which
originally originated in the Great steppe, from Asian nomads.
[80] Russian traditional cloths and its elements still have a high
priority in today's Russia, especially in pagan Slavic
communities, folk festivals, Cossack communities, in modern
fashion and Russian music ensembles.

Cuisine

Russian cuisine widely uses fish, poultry, mushrooms, berries,

and honey. Crops of rye, wheat, barley, and millet provide the
ingredients for a plethora of breads, pancakes, cereals, kvass,
beer, and vodka. Black bread is relatively more popular in
Russia compared to the rest of the world. Soups, stews and
filled dumplings are very characteristic for Russian cuisine. The
most popular soups
include shchi, borsch, ukha, solyanka and okroshka. Smetana (a
heavy sour cream) is often added to soups and salads. Most
popular dumplings are pirozhki, pelmeni, varenyky and
Turkic manti. One of the most popular are foods are blini,
which are like syrniki native types of Russian pancakes.
Furthermore, Cutlets (like Chicken Kiev) and shashlyk are
popular meat dishes, the last one being of Tatar and Caucasus.
[citation needed] origin respectively. Popular salads
include Russian Salad, vinaigrette and Dressed Herring. One of
the main characteristics of Russian food culture are Zakuski,
which define a Russian-laid table.
Negotiation styles of germany and
thailand

research found that the most dominant negotiation style

of Thais and Germans was the same, which was collaborating
style. Also, Thais and Germans
had the same second most preference on negotiation style,
which was compromising style. The
rest preferences on negotiation styles of Thai were avoiding,
accommodating, and competing,
respectively. Whereas the rest preferences on negotiation
styles of Germans were accommodating, competing, and
avoiding, respectively. According to Cellich and Jain (2004),
each negotiator applies a certain negotiation style depending
on his/her cultural background, professional responsibilities,
and contexts
. Germans was considered as a strong masculine, which
preferred for accomplishment, heroism, assertiveness,
occupation orientation, and material success compared to
Thais.
Also, Hofstede found that Germans were individualist value
whereas Thais were collectivist value. This finding
was inconsistent with findings in this study, which indicated
that both Thais and Germans placed
emphasis on collaborating style as the dominant style of
negotiation style preference. This might be because all of Thai
and German respondents in this study were students who were
majoring in business and had been taught the concepts and
theories relating conflict management and
negotiation so that they had realized the benefits of win-win
outcomes, which reflects from collaborating style. On the other
hand, the finding was consistent with the study of Ulijn, Lincke,
and Wynstra (2004), which demonstrated that German
negotiators are more cooperative in the operations
management context than in the innovation management
context. Also, this finding
supported Smyser (2003) who indicated that most of German
negotiators prefer to deal with negotiators from other
countries by using collaborating style.

Negotiation styles comparision of

thailand and germany

for a competing style of

negotiation between Thais and Germans. This was inconsistent
with Hofstede , who claimed that Germans were considered
more individualist value than Thais, which were expected to be
self-consciousness while Thais were more group oriented, and
avoid direct confrontation (Haruthai & Fredric, 2006).
Moreover, Germans were masculine who valued assertive,
aggressive, and competitive behaviors. However, Germans who
were well-educated and sufficiently learned the advantages
and disadvantages of competing style, which leads to the
win-lose outcomes (zero-sum game) realized that this style of
negotiation was unable to lead them to successfully achieve
what they really wanted from the negotiation.

for an accommodating style of

negotiation between Thais and Germans. According to
Hofstede .Germans were considered as a strong masculine
compared to Thais as Thais place more emphasis on feelings
and relationships, saving and giving faces than westerners
Acommodating styles occasionally was employed to maintain
the relationship between the two parties form reflected by
obeying another person’s order when one would prefer not to,
or yielding to another’s perspective. However, Thais may
realize that employing this style of
negotiation may lead to unfavourable outcome of negotiation,
which was lose-win. Also, they
may realize the benefits of utilizing this style in an appropriate
situation rather than in every situation.

for a compromising style of

negotiation. As Thais were taught to end the conflicts by
allowing the opposing party to gain the benefits if the
consequence of finding the middle ground will not lose all of
their benefits, and still leave some gains for them.
Compromising in Thais’ perspectives seems to be an
appropriate style to end the conflict or negotiation process
although the mutual benefits will be fully accomplished
because many Thais believe in the premise that “better than
nothing.”

for an avoiding style of

negotiation. This was inconsistent with Hofstede (1991) who
mentioned that Thais were able to tolerate in the unclear,
unstructured, and unknown situation. In addition, Thai culture’s
comforted with uncertainty, risk, and unconventional behavior
whereas Germans were unable to tolerate in an
unconventional situation. Germans were less likely to employ
this style of negotiation because they may realize that this style
would not be able to help them lead to the win-win outcome.
Avoiding to confronting the conflict situation or negotiation
process,
negotiators may be less likely to achieve their goals.