Activity 11

1) northeast United States/southeast Canada; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; East Asia
2) high end clothing- Northeast
computing equipment- California and Texas
automobile assembly- interior corridor from Michigan to Alabama 
steel mill- East Coast and South Lake Michigan
3) A break-in-bulk point is a place where goods are transferred from one mode of transport
to another, for example the docks where goods transfer from ship to truck. Break
bulk was the most common form of cargo for most of the history of shipping
4) source of inputs
5) access to inputs; access to markets
land; labor; capital
6) lower cost labor
7) Effects of outsourcing on the distribution OF manufacturing. Distribution is either
concentrated or dispersed. If the outsourcing strategy is non-locational or the availability
of cheap labor, raw materials and utilities is not an operational issue, then there is less
effects on distribution of manufacturing because the firm can profitably operate
concentrating in one area. However, if the outsourcing strategy is locational, meaning the
availability of cheap labor, raw materials and utilities can be found in other areas outside
its primary area of operations, then distribution of manufacturing becomes dispersed.
Dispersal strategy can also mean that the outsources all its raw materials in one area to
produce its product line(s) or it outsources its raw materials from different areas,
sometimes do pre-processing, before it finally processes in the main plant.
8) Labor unrest, acts of god
9) They are bulk-gaining (or weight-gaining) industries.
10) Because Industry is 72.8% of China’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2005. Industry

(including mining, manufacturing, construction, and power) contributed 46.8 percent of

GDP in 2010 and occupied 27 percent of the workforce in 2007. As of 2015, the

manufacturing industrial sectors contribute 40% of China's GDP. The manufacturing

sector produced 44.1 percent of GDP in 2004 and accounted for 11.3 percent of total

employment in 2006. China is the world’s leading manufacturer of chemical fertilizers,

cement, and steel. Prior to 1978, most output was produced by state-owned enterprises.

As a result of the economic reforms that followed, there was a significant increase in

production by enterprises sponsored by local governments, especially townships and

villages, and, increasingly, by private entrepreneurs and foreign investors, but by 1990

the state sector accounted for about 70 percent of output. By 2002 the share in gross
industrial output by state-owned and state-holding industries had decreased with the

state-run enterprises themselves accounting for 46 percent of China’s industrial output. In

November, 2012 the State Council of the People's Republic of China mandated a "social

risk assessment" for all major industrial projects. This requirement followed mass public

protests in some locations for planned projects or expansions.