Khaze Pigos

1. Blood is classified as a connective tissue because it plays a role in linking all the cells and organs
in the body.

2. 55% of the blood is plasma which consists and water + dissolved gases, proteins sugars, vitamins
minerals, hormones and waste products. 44% of the blood is red blood cells and 1% is the WBC
and platelets.

3. Blood and platelets are produced in the bone marrow.

4. It is separated using a blood centrifuge. When settled, they are separated into layers.

5. Erythrocytes

6. RBC are specialized oxygen transport. The molecule required for the transport of oxygen is
called the hemoglobin.

7. RBC is a biconcave disk. ₍‿₎

8. Leucocytes

9. The WBC’s function is to respond if there is an infection. The WBC count doubles when your
body is fighting an infection.

10. Granulocytes consist of neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils; monocytes can leave the
bloodstream and become further specialized as macrophages which destroys bacteria;
lymphocytes produce proteins that incapacitate pathogens and allow them to be easily detected
and destroyed.

11. The blood clots. It is an important process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood
vessel is injured. Platelets works to stop the blooding by forming a clot over the injury.

12. Water ~92%; Blood proteins ~7%; other organic substances ~0.1%; inorganic ions ~0.9%.

13. Our body cools off by vasodilation or sweating. Our body stays warm especially in the cold is by
shivering or vasoconstriction. Our body increases activity in generates heat and warms up the
body.

14. If our blood pressure is too high, vasodilation will reduce it.

15. Exercise results in vasodilation to increase the blood flow to the tissues. Some substances can
interfere with the body’s internal temperature regulation mechanisms by promoting either
vasodilation or vasoconstriction. Two common drugs are alcohol and nicotine.

16. Countercurrent heat exchange is used to regulate the temperature in your arm. The deep vein
and artery are adjacent to one another, so heat is exchanged from one to the other. As a result,
arterial blood is cooled as it nears the hand, and venous blood is warmed as it leaves the hand and
returns to the body core.
17. If the cells beside a particular capillary bed do not need to be serviced, blood can be shunted
directly from the artery to the vein, bypassing the capillaries through the section of sphincters that
tighten and close the opening.

18. If nutrients and oxygen are high in concentration in the blood, they diffuse into the interstitial
fluid toward the cells. Carbon dioxide and other waste are high in concentration in the interstitial
fluid, so they diffuse out of the cells through the interstitial fluid and into the capillaries.

19. The blood flow through the capillaries is slower providing time for diffusion to occur.

20. The blood pressure in the capillary beds is lower than in the arteries but a little higher than in
the veins, ensuring that the blood continues to flow in one direction from arteries to veins. The
blood pressure decreases the farther away the blood is from the heart, which is why the blood
pressure in the veins is lower than the blood pressure in the capillaries.

21. Anemia – a condition marked by a deficiency of RBC which causes fatigue

Hemophilia – a result of insufficient clotting proteins in the blood.

Leukemia – cancer of WBC

22. Many early blood transfusions resulted in illness because the blood transfusion wer
incompatible.

23. A – antigen A | anti-B

B – antigen B | anti-A
AB – both antigen A + B | no antibodies

O – no antigens | Both anti-A and anti-B

24. The blood would agglutinate because the blood cells were incompatible. The blood type A has
an anti-B antibody so if it receives a B antigen then it will agglutinate it.

25. Blood type O- is the universal donor while the blood type AB+ is the universal recipient.

26. HDN = hemolytic disease of the newborn. In subsequent pregnancy with another Rh+ baby, the
anti-Rh antibodies may cross the placenta and destroy the child’s red blood cells. Treatment may
involve a blood transfusion for the child or inducing early labor to prevent the situation from
becoming worse.