IEEJ TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

IEEJ Trans 2014; 9: 105–112

Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI:10.1002/tee.21944

Paper

The Design of Linear and Circular Polarization for Dual Band Microstrip
Slot Antenna
Auttapon Pomsathita∗ , Non-member
Paitoon Rakluea∗∗ , Non-member
Noppin Anantrasirichai∗∗∗ , Non-member
Chawalit Benjangkaprasert∗ , Non-member
Toshio Wakabayashi∗∗∗∗ , Non-member

This paper presents a lightweight antenna for wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna has been designed
to be a dual-band and dual-polarized antenna by using a right-angled slot structure fed a by microstrip line. The designed
antenna is composed of three right-angled slot radiators on the ground plane. The first two radiators are right-angled slots of
similar scale which are added to generate circular polarization at 4.95 GHz, while the last one has been designed for linear
polarization at 2.45 GHz. Furthermore, in order to achieve dual-band operation and dual polarization with good matching, a
special arrangement is proposed. The results of simulation and measurements such as return loss, axial ratio, and radiation patterns
are shown at the resonant frequencies of 2.45 and 4.95 GHz. Details of the experimental results are presented and discussed. In
addition, the presented antenna can operate and cover the applications of a wireless local area network (WLAN IEEE 802.11
a/b/g/j/n). © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Keywords: right-angled slot, linearly polarized, circularly polarized, dual band, dual polarization

Received 21 July 2012; Revised 8 April 2013

1. Introduction simple structure to achieve circular polarization (CP) rotation both

Nowadays, wireless communications systems are increasingly
developed to support the demands of people. Therefore, antennas
need to be designed for meeting many demands, such as compact
size, lightweight, and ease of fabrication. Microstrip antennas
have several advantages compared to conventional antennas. The
main advantage is that the matching network and the feeding
system can be designed simultaneously with the antenna structure,
similar to the dual-band property which can also be easily
created. The microstrip slot antenna has the advantage of very
low profile as compared to microstrip patch antennas [1]. Most
of single-slot antennas are fed by a microstrip line and radiate
a linear polarization (LP) wave along the propagating direction.
Various types of the dual-polarized antenna structures can be
generated from microstrip slot antennas with different sizes of
slots. There are many published works on dual-polarization (linear
and circular) antennas [2–10]. However, the published designs
have complicated structures and are inconvenient to fabricate and
difficult to design. There are no antennas that give both linear
and polarization at different frequencies. Therefore, the design of
a dual-band, dual-polarized antenna (linear and circular) with a
a antenna. The performance of the substrate depends on the dielectric
Correspondence to: Auttapon Pomsathit.
E-mail: po.auttapon@hotmail.com
* Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkra-
bang (KMITL), Chalongkrung Rd., Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thai-
land
** Faculty of Engineering, Rajamonkala University Thanyaburi (RMUTT),
Rangsit-Nakhonnayok Rd., Thanyaburi, Pathumthani 12110, Thailand
*** Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology
(IPST), Sukhumwit Rd., Aekkamai, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
**** Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Uni-
versiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
clockwise (right hand: RH) and counterclockwise (left hand: LH)
is the main motivation of this paper.
In this paper, two different antennas have been designed
on a low-cost FR4 substrate for single-band CP and on an
RT/duroid®5880 substrate that has high efficiency for dual-band
and dual-polarized operations. A prototype antenna with optimum
values of the antenna parameters is fabricated and experimented.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, details of
the antenna design are given. The simulated and measured results
are discussed in Sections 3–5. Section 6 concludes the paper.
2. Design of Circularly Polarized Right-Angle Slot
Antenna
The microstrip slot antenna is designed to achieve CP by using
two simple slot radiators in the shape of a right angle. Generally,
a slot antenna with a single feed emits LP radiation [11–15]. In
this section, the linearly polarized, right-angled slot antenna is
considered. We use the technique of two right-angled slots to create
the CP antenna. Accordingly, the LP and CP slot antenna design
procedures are described below.
First step is choosing the substrate for good capability of the
constant (εr ) and the thickness of substrate. The slot antenna
was designed on a low-cost FR4 substrate with dielectric constant
(εr ) = 4.4 and thickness (h) = 1.6 mm.
Second, a right-angled slot with symmetrical perpendicular
elements was designed on the ground plane. Because of the
symmetry and the summation of the field components, this
design has better efficiency than a 45◦ linear slot and makes the
polarization of a right-angled slot antenna linear.
Finally, two similar right-angled slots are arranged to achieve
right-hand CP (RH-CP) and left-hand CP (LH-CP), as shown

© 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
 POMSATHIT ET AL.

W W
Lm
s Lm
s
B
B

A A

Microstrip feed line Microstrip feed line

(a) (c)

(b) (d)

Fig. 1. Right-angled slot antennas for single-band circularly polarized radiation. (a) Configuration of the RH-CP antenna. Top and bottom
view of the fabricated antenna. (b) RH-CP antenna. (c) Configuration of the LH-CP antenna. Top and bottom view of the fabricated
antenna. (d) LH-CP antenna.

in Fig. 1. The two orthogonal linear components with same matching it with the 50- characteristic impedance transmission
magnitude of each slot radiator have a time-phase difference. line (Zo ), the width of microstrip line (W ) can be calculated by
The field vectors for clockwise and counterclockwise rotation using (1) and (2).
depend on the arrangement of two right-angled slot radiators. The
parameters in Fig. 1 are defined as follows: W 2
=
A = outer horizontal length of the right-angled slot; h π
 
B = outer vertical length of the right-angled slot; εr − 1 0.61 W
× B − 1 − ln(2B − 1) + [ln(B − 1)] + 0.39 −
S = width of the slot; 2εr εr h
W = width of the microstrip line; (1)
Lm = distance between the edge of the microstrip line and the
lower edge of the slot. where

2.1. Antenna design The microstrip slot antennas have 60π 2 60π 2
B= √ = √ = 5.5 (2)
been constructed on the ground plane with the feeding line Zo εr 50 4.4
placed on the opposite plane. The width of microstrip line
(W ) is considered at a design frequency (f ) of 2.45 GHz, For the designed frequency, the width of microstrip line (W ) is
which is applicable for WLAN IEEE 802.11 b/g/n standard 3.16 mm. The size of right-angled slot antenna (A) and (B ) are
(2.4–2.4835 GHz) [16,17]. By using a low-cost FR4 substrate and referred to the guided wavelength (λg ), which can be determined

106 IEEJ Trans 9: 105–112 (2014)

 DESIGN OF LINEARLY AND CIRCULARLY POLARIZED MICROSTRIP SLOT ANTENNA

Table I. Dimensions of the circularly polarized slot antenna (a) 0

Parameters Descriptions Dimension (mm) −5

A Outer horizontal length 22.3 −10

B Outer horizontal length 22.3

Return loss (dB)

−15
S Width of slot 2.0
W Width of microstrip line 3.16 −20
Lm Distance between edge of Adjustable
microstrip line and lower −25

horizontal edge of slot −30

−35
RH-CP
by (3) and (4), respectively [18]. −40
2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
  −1 Frequency (GHz)
εr + 1 εr − 1 h 2 W
εeff = + 1 + 12 ; >1 (3)
2 2 W h (b) 0
c
λg = √ (4) −5
f εeff
−10
where c is velocity of light in free space, which is approximately

Return loss (dB)

−15
3 × 108 m/s. In this case, εeff = 3.41 and λg = 66.31 mm.
The total length of the perpendicular element for the designed −20
right-angled microstrip slot antenna (A + B ) is approximately
−25
0.673λg or 44.6 mm, and the perpendicular element lengths of
a right-angled slot antenna (A) and (B ) are symmetrical. Thus, A −30
and B are 22.3 mm.
−35
The width of the slot antenna (S ) is specified as 0.03λg or 2 mm, LH-CP
in order to have an appropriate bandwidth. The overall dimensions −40
2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
of CP right-angled slot antenna are shown in Table I.
Frequency (GHz)

Fig. 2. Simulated return loss for RH-CP and LH-CP right-angled

3. Simulated and Measured Results of Circularly
slot antenna. (a) RH-CP. (b) LH-CP
Polarized Right-Angled Slot Antennas
(a) 0
The right-angled slot antenna has been implemented by using
the IE3D software, version 9.0, and analyzed using method −5
of moments (MoM) algorithm. During the simulation, different
−10
arrangements of two right-angled slot antennas are employed to
Return loss (dB)

achieve RH-CP and LH-CP at the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz. −15
The simulation results give the return loss (S11 ) = −31.55 and
−20
−31.35 dB as shown in Fig. 2(a) and (b) for RH-CP and LH-
CP, respectively. Fom measurements, the return loss at frequency −25
2.45 GHz of RH-CP and LH-CP slot antennas is −19.28 and
−30
−20.94 dB, respectively, as can be seen Fig. 3(a) and (b).
From Fig. 4(a) and (b), the simulated results of the axial ratio −35
on RH-CP and LH-CP are 1.56 dB. To take into account that Measured RH-CP
the antenna can be indicated as CP, the axial ratio for RH-CP −40
2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
or LH-CP has to be less than 3. The measured radiation patterns Frequency (GHz)
of proposed antenna at resonant frequency 2.45 GHz in xz and
yz planes of RH-CP and LH-CP are shown in Fig. 5(a) and (b), (b) 0
respectively. The radiation patterns of the RH-CP and LH-CP −5
right-angled slot antennas are similar to the bidirectional patterns
in the xz and yz planes at frequency 2.45 GHz. −10
Return loss (dB)

−15

4. Design of Right-Angled Slot Antenna for Dual −20

Band and Dual Polarization
−25
The right-angled slot antenna for dual band and dual polarization
−30
has been fabricated on RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric
constant (εr ) = 2.2 and thickness (h) = 3.175 mm. The proposed −35
Measured LH-CP
design of the right-angled slot antenna at 2.45 GHz is for LP
−40
with 45◦ field component and at 4.95 GHz is for CP. The RH- 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0
CP and LH-CP can be achieved by placing two right-angled slots Frequency (GHz)
with same magnitude of rotation of the field vector clockwise and
counterclockwise, respectively. The configuration of the proposed Fig. 3. Measured return loss for RH-CP and LH-CP right-angled
antenna for CP and LP is shown in Fig. 6, and the overall slot antenna. (a) RH-CP. (b) LH-CP

107 IEEJ Trans 9: 105–112 (2014)

 POMSATHIT ET AL.

dimensions are shown in Table II. Furthermore, in order to achieve

(a) 10 dual band and dual polarization with matching condition, the
9 optimization technique has been used.
8
7 5. Simulated and Measured Results of Right-Angled
6 Slot Antenna for Dual-Band and Dual-Polarized
Axial ratio

5 Operation
4
The simulated and measured return losses of dual-band and
3
dual-polarized right-angled slot antenna in RH-CP and LH-CP are
2 shown in Fig. 7. It can be seen that the simulated results in RH-
1
RH-CP
CP are −22.83 and −20.13 dB with impedance bandwidth of 5.71
0 and 20.11% at the resonant frequencies of 2.45 and 4.95 GHz,
2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 respectively. The measured return losses are −18.88 and −12.4 dB
Frequency (GHz)
with impedance bandwidth of 5.36 and 28.57% at frequencies of
(b) 10 2.45 and 4.95 GHz, respectively.
9 For LH-CP, the simulated return losses are similar to those
8
of RH-CP. However, the measured return losses are −17.87 and
−10.53 dB with the impedance bandwidth of 4.92 and 28.30%
7
at frequencies 2.45 and 4.95 GHz, which are applicable for the
6
Axial ratio

WLAN IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/j/n standard.

5 For the RH-CP antenna, the linearly polarized axial ratio is equal
4 to 26.13 and 1.45 at resonant frequencies 2.45 and 4.95 GHz as
3 shown in Fig. 8(a) and (b), respectively. In the same way, the
2 axial ratio of the LH-CP antenna is equal to 26.15 for LP at
frequency 2.45 GHz and is equal to 1.58 at frequency 4.95 GHz for
1
LH-CP circular polarization, as shown in Fig. 9(a) and (b), respectively. At
0
2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 frequency 2.45 GHz, RH-CP and LH-CP are LP because the axial
Frequency (GHz) ratio is >3. On the other hand, at frequency 4.95 GHz, RH-CP
and LH-CP are CP because the axial ratio is ≤3.
Fig. 4. Axial ratio for RH–CP and LH-CP right-angled slot The measured two-dimensional radiation patterns on the xz and
antenna. (a) RH-CP. (b) LH-CP yz planes at resonance frequencies 2.45 and 4.95 GHz for RH-
CP and LH-CP right-angled slot antenna are shown in Figs 10

(a) Vertical (b) Vertical

0 0
Horizontal Horizontal
0 330 30 0 330 30

−10 −10
300 60 300 60
−20 −20

−30 −30

−40 270 90 −40 270 90

−30 −30

−20 −20 240 120

240 120
−10 −10

210 150 0 210 150

0
180 180

xz-plane xz-plane
Vertical
Vertical 0 Horizontal
0 Horizontal 0 330 30
0 330 30
−10
−10
300 60
300 60 −20
−20
−30
−30

−40 270 90 −40 270 90

−30 −30

−20 −20 240 120

240 120
−10 −10

210 150 0 210 150

0
180 180

yz-plane yz-plane

Fig. 5. Radiation patterns for RH-CP and LH-CP right-angled slot antenna. (a) RH-CP. (b) LH-CP

108 IEEJ Trans 9: 105–112 (2014)

 DESIGN OF LINEARLY AND CIRCULARLY POLARIZED MICROSTRIP SLOT ANTENNA

S1

S1

Slot antenna
Slot antenna
B1
W
B1
W A1 Lm1 Lm2 Lm3

A1
Lm3
Lm2 U1 A2
Lm1
S2 S3
A2 U1
S3
S2
B2
B2 A3
B3
U2
U2
B3
Y A3 Y

Microstrip feed line

Microstrip
Z X Z X feed line

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Fig. 6. Fabrication of the dual-band and dual-polarization antenna. (a) Configuration of the slot antenna in RH-CP at frequency 4.95 GHz
and RH-LP at frequency 2.45 GHz. (b) Configuration of the slot antenna in LH-CP at frequency 4.95 GHz and LH-LP at frequency
2.45 GHz. (c) Top and bottom view photograph of RH-CP slot antenna. (d) Top and bottom view photograph of LH-CP slot antenna

109 IEEJ Trans 9: 105–112 (2014)

 POMSATHIT ET AL.

Table II. Dimension of the linearly polarized and right-hand (a) 80 (b) 4
70
circularly polarized right-angled slot antenna
60 3

Axial ratio

Axial ratio
50
Parameters Descriptions Size (mm)
40 2
A1 = B1 Outer horizontal and vertical 22.3 30
20 1
length at design frequency 10
RH-CP
2.45 GHz 0
RH-CP
0
A 2 = B2 = A3 = B3 Outer horizontal and vertical 11.5 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0
Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)
length at design frequency
4.95 GHz Fig. 8. Axial ratio for RH-CP right-angled slot antenna.
Lm1 Distance between edge of 7.97 (a) 2.45 GHz. (b) 4.95 GHz
microstrip line and first
edge of slot1
(a) 80 (b) 4
Lm2 Distance between edge of 11.5
70
microstrip line and first 60 3
edge of slot2

Axial ratio
Axial ratio
50
Lm3 Distance between edge of 24 40 2
microstrip line and first 30
20 1
edge of slot3
10
S1 Width of slot at design 2 0
LH-CP
0
LH-CP

frequency 2.45 GHz 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0

S2 = S3 Width of slot at design 1 Frequency (GHz) Frequency (GHz)

frequency 4.95 GHz Fig. 9. Axial ratio for LH-CP right-angled slot antenna.
(a) 2.45 GHz. (b) 4.95 GHz

(a) 5
(a) Vertical
Vertical
0 0
0 Horizontal
0
0
30
Horizontal
330 30 330

−5 −10 −10
300 60 300 60
−20 −20
−10
Return loss (dB)

−30 −30

−15 −40 270 90 −40 270 90

−30 −30
−20
−20 240 120 −20 240 120

−25 −10 −10

210 150 210 150
0 0
−30 180 180

−35 Simulated RH-CP (b)

Measured RH-CP Vertical
Vertical
−40 0 Horizontal
0 0 Horizontal
330 30
0 330 30
1 2 3 4 5 6 −10
−10
Frequency (GHz) −20
300 60
300 60
−20
−30 −30
(b) 5
−40 270 90
−40 270 90

0 −30 −30
−20 −20
−5 240 120 240 120
−10 −10
−10
Return loss (dB)

210 150 210 150

0 0
180 180

−15
Fig. 10. Two-dimensional far-field radiation pattern for RH-CP
−20 right-angled slot antenna. (a) xz plane at 2.45 and 4.95 GHz. (b) yz
−25 plane at 2.45 and 4.95 GHz
−30

−35 Simulated LH-CP 6. Conclusion

Measured LH-CP
−40
1 2 3 4
Frequency (GHz)
Fig. 7. Simulated and measured return loss for RH-CP and LH-
CP right-angled slot antenna for dual band and dual polarization.
(a) RH-CP. (b) LH-CP
and 11, respectively. The radiation patterns of RH-CP and LH-CP
right-angled slot antennas are similar to the bidirectional pattern at
frequency 2.45 GHz and those at frequency 4.95 GHz are similar
to the omnidirectional pattern. Additionally, the measured gains of
the presented antenna are found to be about 3.4 and 4.91 dBi at
the operating frequency bands.
A dual-band, dual-polarized right-angled slot antenna consisting
5 6 of three basic right-angled slots and operating at 2.45 GHz for
LP and 4.95 GHz for CP was presented. This antenna could be
accomplished by aligning the position of two right-angled slots
by setting a right-angled slot antenna of 4.95 GHz below another
right-angled slot antenna of 2.45 GHz. The two orthogonal linear
components have the same magnitude and time-phase difference.
Moreover, the field rotation for clockwise and counterclockwise
vectors could be specified because we could control the direction
of the field components of the two right-angled slots. As results,
the return loss of the RH-CP and LP could achieve −29.46 dB
(4.95 GHz) and −24.95 dB, respectively. For the LH-CP and LP,
the return loss achieved was −41dB (4.95 GHz) and −20.63 dB
(2.45 GH,z) respectively. Therefore, the dual-band, and dual

110 IEEJ Trans 9: 105–112 (2014)

 DESIGN OF LINEARLY AND CIRCULARLY POLARIZED MICROSTRIP SLOT ANTENNA

(a)
Vertical Vertical
(13) Hsieh C, Chiu T, Lai C. Compact dual-band slot antenna at the corner
0 0 Horizontal
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right-angled slot antenna. (a) xz plane at 2.45 and 4.95 GHz. (b) yz
plane at 2.45 and 4.95 GHz
polarized, linearly polarized, and CP right-angled slot antennas
can be achieved and used in real wireless systems such as WLAN
IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/j/n standard.
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150 Auttapon Pomsathit (Non-member) received the B.E. and
M.E. degrees from King Mongkut’s Institute
of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thai-
land, in 2000 and 2005, respectively. From
2007 to 2009, he was with the Department
of Electronic and Telecommunication Engi-
neering, Rajamangala University of Technology
Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Thailand. Now he is with
the Suansunandha Rajabhat University (SSRU), Thailand, where
he is an Instructor. His current research interests include microstrip
slot antennas and wireless networks.
Paitoon Rakluea (Non-member) received the B.Ind.Tech. (sec-
ond Class Honors), M.E., and Ph.D. degrees
from King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology
Ladkrabang (KMITL), Thailand, in 2000, 2003,
and 2009, respectively. In 2003, he joined the
Department of Electronic and Telecommunica-
tion Engineering, Rajamangala University of
Technology Thanyaburi (RMUTT), Thailand, as
an Instructor. His current research interests include printed antenna
design for wireless communication systems, antenna measurement
systems, and wireless networks.
Noppin Anantrasirichai (Non-member) received the B.Ind.Tech.
degree from King Mongkut’s Institute of Tech-
nology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, Thai-
land, and the M.E. degree from Chulalongkorn
University, Thailand, in 1977 and 1985, respec-
tively. From 1997 to 2008, she was with the
Faculty of Engineering, KMITL, Bangkok, Thai-
land, where she was involved in antenna design
research. She is currently an Associate Professor. Her current
research interests include the design and analysis of microstrip
slot antennas. In 2009, she joined the Institute for the Promotion
of Teaching Science and Technology (IPST), Bangkok, Thailand,
where she has been involved in the development of instruction
media for schools.
Chawalit Benjangkaprasert (Non-member) received the
B.Ind.Tech. and M.E. degrees from King
Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang
(KMITL), Bangkok, Thailand, in 1987 and
1990, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in
engineering from Tokai University, Japan, in
2006. Since 1987, he has been with KMITL,
where he is currently an Associate Professor
in the Faculty of Engineering. His current research interests
include filter design, wireless communication, and adaptive signal
processing.

111 IEEJ Trans 9: 105–112 (2014)

 POMSATHIT ET AL.

Toshio Wakabayashi (Non-member) received the B.E., M.E.,

and D.E. degrees from Tokai University, Tokyo,
Japan, in 1968, 1970, and 1985, respectively.
In 1970, he joined the Faculty of Engineer-
ing, Tokai University. He was a Professor in
the Department of Communications Engineer-
ing from 1988 to 2007 and in the Department
of Communication Network Engineering from 2008 to 2011,
where he was engaged in research in the field of electromagnetic
waves, including computational electromagnetic fields, microwave
circuits, and devices. Since October 2011, he has been a Pro-
fessor with the Department of Electronic System Engineering,
Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT),
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
His current research interests include broadband planar antennas
for mobile communications. Prof. Wakabayashi is a member of the
IEICE and the ITE (Institute of Image Information and Television
Engineers) and a life member of the IEEE.

112 IEEJ Trans 9: 105–112 (2014)