Caleally CUUY) Asia aud (sigs ing yc) Aap gl sitll desta cetlell Casall y (lal aabeill 5155 Aaa gl siSall deal Crleall GUBY! sais aud 7 Fe Lf ol gMl dog lie pie Gye talc! gall 2 Cans ue seal Gea ae selon} ayea sale iaaleally ELEY) Aussie audi (tse da stie yc) Aga ol gisitl Aeatall (Introduction ) «sid! clo} gb Ale acing Cun Anaaigll Sli) glell ani algal! Aaylde ale tes sala jy Deall Sleat s) balall dade pgae ii ceils Aaa Kel gil Gijliayt 26S ASS cabal pail) ae ates el gh Glatt clab quails BY Anata aud 4 ol gall Lelie side p shy « Aesdiall gall (93 calall padill S15 has 5 gal alasiuls Walisall SoS he ee kal 6b ged A all GLa Lande hans Gul Ios y «Uy SALT 530 5 dy ya JS Mas ay GAs al Gay Ska GyeGsleallly CUBY) Aussie aud (dyin agin 364) ay. gl giSit) desta Sdall Jala Gsdaill aig -1 «Sal JAla ¢ gagll gle Assadi! LalUall le -2 Cstigals pHa) a pte ple 52 pda Bgal Ge Slee gl eladiad gia -3 » A jpeall Ayala ge ig ide ha Gls CMLL le 4 By SA Ay path aud : Sha pp ill Cpe ol Jal US dy yall jucond Gull! Glee 5 Ayal Sool 8 yi hs LS ot gle Gass of deel) Gi gbas Gull Nea Sees {4d canal) O83) 4/3 ues dey YI pSdall 5 yolee GAUL 5 ya 6 + 20H US Gs el eB) aes YI Ae 5 8 alls « OBL Cy ys sl pie da 2 bed -7 «Apa dS ale le Gigs Aula sles! lb US le -8Coleally PUY) Lessin aud (iy age 5 Aug gl giSill Aeatall weil Ce Apel ay sali las! 1 all Ui) 2 ry 3 el DU) ual 4 eUasyl ual 5 6 D (Tensile Test_) =) iss! (Introduction )_; «stall Cid Leal gS Gail (Test Piece ) suis! debi gle og jai Aue ys att) Lisl eal slash Gubis Cus (uniaxial ) sly oles! gi posed! all daa oats Foal elas Lest cam Sas 4 SS) all gl yall 5 sacll ule ( Load ) ce MEN) USA) pies Rall 4 juSl) Cogan Gi ala jay asi gi gael 9 Ailyal 4G ASsSell GI GUBY! eal ge aah dole alasieyl algall Gays Olad GalulS al LES) Apu Clie yal plies aii LS gill aAgall Gly Laws Gel ySll obs yas (8 Lele UYay 48 Gye Aailill Ld Asaedl elead sae Gla tll GE Le Les p jis Les atl) Jai le Alle 3 px [gl daiseall algal gle cgay atll hia! old AIM Jeti! obit We ae gli (sill Saal g 95 Sslaally ASA i ( Rolled ) Aidlaals ( Cast ) dened! dasa ye 5 Gass! FSDaN Sena lng ail yo yay alll Gold sea (i Asal ay ab ( Forged ) Alain (2) JS all Aye Uae eo ( 1) phy SSall pd LS y ASAT s Jal! Cus “Cb -2) 5 (a -2) pS Syaecyslaally ey) Lassie aad (oye es) Hap gl siSt desta Original Iaauge tonot | Piasic deformation. ‘Gauge length kay at altura Original diameter ¢ 4 Cisse Redution in Diameter at faitire diameter ke» (2) Ay dseOaleally UY) Luna aud (2tyat asta yd) Asp gl gist) dealt ( Theory ) : 4 ,4i! Aaa alsyell (Stress- Strain ) Ja! — say) Geis ULE OS Brittle Materials ) Mal! a! yall y( 1-3 ) JSall .8 (Ductile Materials ) = (2-3) SAI i LS ( Uleu (Strain ) «fo Aula ol yall olga — SLAB! ints 1 (3) af dS - Aigll al gall algal — Jaw! Gate aailly eal yyaall cle ( Axial Strain) gosedl JABY! USM ways ch US3(O ABCD E) lath daa ye Slalga! ye 8 BL! ells (A. ) ABBI aay Gs SLB! G2 alga Gut gS: (OA ) Mabie! ALS (58 lea! eng 1g) iY) olen Oy Agha 42,401) 855 Laaeile ste Desi 3055 sl yciulss (Proportional Limit ) still aay (A ) Balj Bady Gus ( B ) Abii! ast sal BL 5 Ge Si J&A: Sw! Jaze aps BAU obey | tlh 38 8 Ab S55 ee ILL G8 A gals Abts oy ( B ) Usitl alls 5 steal ( Yielding ) ( cama! ¢ yas) esti) Gla Lik (Be) Abia cand Gas od ( peal aleal slg peal oly ALLEY 3 eal 5 B55 bead Il (Plastic Deformation ) call Coal) » sitll Milas Ue 4 AULA! Al ye bye (15 - 10) 4 338 - (Elastic Deformation )Calaally UY) Avis aad (iy Aastha yds) Aap sl pisitl desta Aegis clat sala! e585 ( Strain Hardening ) (lay! aba bee) os Goll les YI lap AULGAY! B45 ge 1 © eal a5 ee gL Als (d ) Abily hss Jl, (5 ult.) ( Ultimate Stress Daal clits ( Load ) Seall (4 Glraity 4p yavoe Sala oof MUL Laan Cus) Sal gb intel gle dace yall (EB) ALG 43 Sold Gs oS Gas (03) Agha) qlaiall dale cle Labsall Jeall Landay steal (le Jpuaall (Sa rgh Ss (fracture stress) Steal = OF ( yield stress) & pagal = by (ultimate stress) 28) ai gai = Suil (Load of fracture ) Silden = PF ( Load of yield ) ¢ #280 dex = Py (Ultimate load ) Jax 2 = Puil ( Original x- section area ) 4kaY\ eli) Sales =A FW USy hod! J hl gle ANSI ALLA Lauds SLAY le Jgraall ySayy (daev) ee = <* (strain) Jai! = Ee (Final Length ) gill Jskl= (Original Length ) gleVIi Jsal= 1Colaally Ga dusts aud (iy ati ys) Aap gl gisitl desta eeHisall Lat) due sb (Modulus Of Elasticity ) (B) is yall Seles ¢ ySiey Gaull diate Go Seal J alga yl gb Lead gf BY! — alga) Ginid -: (Proportional Limit ) Eye e ( Young's Modulus )« (lis; deles ) 445 yall Uclee = E Cus (Stress ) kaYl= & ( Strain ) dua) = ¢ nr gh US giles Say Ay gill Aucilly pS) ao} LEY L-L % 100% = ALLAN dy gall Al wr EUS Lyle Sey Ay all Rally glided] AaLee (9d Gel AOG-Af AG * 100% = glial! dale 8 Glraiilll 4, gill Aull Ade ghididsle=AQ Cus Agi ghidl dalu= A ( Object) :Auaitl os wad) (Load — Extension Curve ) Uta! — eal! ints Desi aitill ye :¢sSiuly( Stress — Strain ) eit! — aay ats au (ultimate tensile stress) ( Suil ) 2 sal ceed -1 (yield stress) ( by) ¢sadll algal -2 (fracture stress) (Sf) suSll sal -3 (Modulus Of Elasticity) (E ) 435 jal! dale -4 ( % of elongation ) © UU 4 yall dpuill 5 (% reduction in area) ghia!) dalies jlo 8 4 shall Auuill -6Calaallly CRY) Aasia aud (ost deste de) Aug gh gisitl desta) (apparatus ) _: 4asdiuuall 5jgah Aalide Asie Cust gigs SI) hall Ge lye ( Instron ) ass Glee + O38) ( Result and calculation ) ; ctwuatly gti Ph USs Jans eit ae Young's Mod. 4ay yall Lalee Strain (Jaay!) Stress sles (aha 5) Extension ALY (2) Load (48) JaaCaleally CUB Asia aud (5s) asia yah) Asa gl gisitl desta (Discussion and Conclusion ) cistitiwy\ s A2itiah) ASAS yall al gS) Case Cys Letuatl ca yy Aen ivcall ei) GAIL =] Saas y OI Ayal gi els! col (sabi -2 = Neha (pb ALS Sin tall cle Aba cf (28 3 compression test_) blasiY) Usa! (Introduction ) sia ALAS Sale JUIAYI Ibe pacing, all lis y AuSe alle ge syle biol! lial 2 SIL Bylo SSIS Asoc gl ysssall yt ah gall Ug AS ghey atl slash OY Asana algal Ud) SLAY! Ihe pakigle |sly Asana) jets Leal alyall bial Lael pyar By glad! ge ibs eal} BSS leads oly day ( Theory ) : 4 4i) * (ilies ase Lal ( Stress — Strain) JABY! — alge! gets le Oe LS (1) Ad (A-0 ) ey DAY Gy AEDLA Cals fap TE a All Ss ay Gy yall ay yl ALL es Ewedth salall clas (A) Abill 1 gay! Usnay aic's GhS aay Sala Gall opti aSsay (A) Ala) oS any Iq) Gael aS ay gt5 Cassy Ductile) 42saall a} yall bee Giles <4. ( Plastic deformation ) cate: Cus ( Fracture ) jSll dasle Lali Gstaill 3 LS ( Material - (Lateral expansion ) (ils gag lai!aleallg RY) Auta ad (tsa Last yd) Asp gl gisitl desta OS Ol Gay becall lat lve clity ; Abas UAW! 5 pale le Cale alld (3) Ge HY Aue! Shay Soh coy Anal -1 . (Buckling ) = Menton Ge Aa jl ghey clade c gla Mizell oy S35 GI Gans -2 = MSA! 8G Gye ult Ay pail ol aladiul Gay -3 Abel date) Ge Lela! bivall Jas dea bial ile 8 olga) ys @ ys P bas rygblSy wbealiel= 8c vbualldes= P Abe gbididales= 4 (LO) glheY! Jbl cle Yshll gf sul AL ) dead Duwi Las ¢ eis (strain )JaaYI =e he Uyb= LO ell GL= LfQaleally eLLY) Lusie aud (isa dagtia is) Fay sh sisitl deala) AL =LO-Lf BY — steal pints Gay (O-A ) Lal) yo dal ul QSy Aig yall ales 1 gh USs SABY! (le algal Laut eon e ro ( Young's Modulus ) (lig: dales ) 435 yall Seles = E (Stress ) akaYl= 6 ( Strain ) Jez¥! = e (Object ): 42d Ga gaa) Jpaall bial) 26 cs5( Ductile ) dadadl gated J gla dale ds peal Gags ke ( Stress — Strain Curve) JY! — ales! inte -1 ( yield stress ) ¢ 25) gal -2 (Modulus Of Elasticity ) (B) 455 yall eles -3Qaleally GUY) Aunain aud (yatngin sc) Kay gh siSit) dealad) ( apparatus.) : 4esdisall 3 igo) (2) ey SSS, phy SM Gabel Ge Glue ( Instron) Gye! See Os HY! See (2) USA ( Results and Calculation ) : bats ai 1 lly US Uyans gill alas E z AL P Modulus] strain | Stress | mm | call of Load Elasticity Kg/mm2 | mm kg Kg/mm2 | discussion HISsall Gua gal) Cus (ye Lgineal (yy Alea ineall ili 1 Neha (gh ty itll le Ai gol GB 2 23.9 GI Aad gh lbs G8 3 10 ccGslealls CUBY) Lussia pad (sal dase ss) Asp gl gisitl daalatl Impact Test_) :_ al! U3) (Introduction ) 4a coll (ia px Leaic: A ggaay aig Lely SLM eal Alle Le lite land al yall vans ASaIGiall Gal sSll lead AIS ye Sct Gand G pb (9S ull ale os Aa slie gle Aaseee Ao het Lene yl are dee 8 Gl Lee pe aie al jell «eS Bold Bob Gas Ces Ailide 6 pees USL ole ASyaligall lea Yl 5! pave! JLaal sis cole UA yy yo Aa Bal pial ALS Se juss 4S yaviall GLa VI © Ulan YI ole tts Gilad Lay) bs the 4 ple Le gies Gye AaAU pay 6 pte! pavcall ULeal © jusall « glBlall GI fia) ASLe SSI SLAB! Ub gb (gd Satay gill ull hey ( Theory ): 483 og) gladall Cul SH So jane sled Id 8 jy de Ake pabuad gh Lea fhe Gaal AB (ye eet! ABLLM fae eats 245 Ail ALL gh y Cal GL) Yo I pats pups - Aeanall Lele sles Bala) Ancld age iubs yaad (Sey Lele y pS aie digall play Glawall SWAY Gluls gle 3 alls Charpy Impact Test -1 aod | Impact eet 2 OS: GE Gy andl Ciiyhd Guiiy eal Gass (A ) Abney Utes G85 SQV) GURY! GH GUY) due Gants Las AulpIS 448 dip! tll G81 5 Lan ( Simply Supported Beam ) cA sal) Cats GS One (1) oly SSM, (Cantilever Beam )(B ) =1 xe gill USGaleallly UI) dunia aud (isa deste yc) Asp gl giSill daalg vo ° TY] eile cA) \ / x (B) aw eee (Ca am aieat tare Izod Charpy SoH Hiais QS) 5 ill ake juSll Miade yaad 5 py pie ile gad. LEAYI laa Gy SY gal cle ly Sl ye Ges lia Cyae Alle Calg! 38 yas dilate Sl! ob Gleals Anhie jes ( Pritile Fracture) vigll pStb tas Veniany Ge Gana) Gi yg luni Sale Casayy Gal opty Ygaree USN y (ductile Fracture ) glsbll jus) ale lbs 4891 ¢ sill Ll ¢ Gane GSla_ pS bis 45835 ( Plastic deformation ) al »525 cigas jusiny Daeall de jury slg) Alley 5) yall da ya gle: suSll g gi Lid jay Lee AS ABUAI Guolreiad gle Gall Alulé Lei ( Toughness ) Lesuall daglis Ga yet Gat ly gill ff Absorbed energy Toughness Cross section Area of Fracture (kg fim) Ushasy bal Sid = To : eae (kg) Weiloays puSl olitl Aotedl A8Lbll Jis= » aS ghisdalus UiG= A RCaleallly CUI Zasia aud (siya tagtia 54) Aya sl pisitl desta (Object ) : 4 93t) 64 Ga all ASA ayy « Ayoteell MBL! cle og pal Le 586 Gly Gol) Ld YI Nha gs - (Tempering Temperature ) 4a! all 3) 5s 45525 ascall skal gu ( apparatus. ) : Aesdiuall 5 5gai) Impact Testing Machine; Clea!) is! lea -1 Ae 48 plas Gull gle Cytines ee Srelill (ye Lill USe Gy Gleall g Sia col) Cuts aes EU! Goll abs pals USE gle aed gl USe E18 Gle + ( Izod) Aue plasiall ie (17 Kem) jlgall den (eI (charpy) He plasial te (30 kgm )s cl eye (Izod 9 charpy ) Gy JURY) ISI og shall luall yo Cie 2 Tempering ) 4di&e Bye Gla GAG Gai dye daly - (Temperature (Procedure) : Jal Izod J _Anaincall Ligall abe Gulib ab =] « Bplagall gy3 Adal yy sil IS) Ay cto YI ll J pall 1 45 al adsl -2 «Asal Lgatalanal oliih 48 pball Ltie 5 sill 9! Bll GS Cus Aull Ga 3 Atle (C17 kgm) co gill MUM Gs pall b6 ll gle wliiall ga - Izod cele asa gall 5 paul E18 gle Laaclly Jgsill 1 48 pall Jy le Cae -5 1 Shea ed gh sell Aga sill 1s8 Adal gy Miglly Lgalabacal an Ai lal Lid gh 68 6 Sl Leta) BU iS GI Gila Ge papal Selb Daas -7 _ Rall Santa ie Llane cab y Auall d-8 AGS) Cell le MYLAN GA ps Sale cle eel 9 : (charpy ) Juislo Kaisa Maal lbs shel Gb 3] Gagllaal gaa ll ll AB pall adsl -2Qaleally ELEY) Lovaas aud (syst destin ys) Ava gl gisith desta Henall Lis 5 ill 5) Gall Ogu Guay JAY) de Qny Gle dec! 3 = Lenille Os GJS ps le Lindl dy Ae (30 kgm) hy UAL co pueill ofall le uball gn 4 + (charpy ) Mpa Jai ule deel -5 _ Aisall (gota 2048 ylaall GE) 6 «Bel jill Jas -7 = Adis) Slisel ALAN Col pb) Solely 48-8 ( Result and calculation ) : Glwally qitiil) Henall Laglie Gy MDa! hy Lily Labo aly Ipiey Cle all quay ob esl Cilgall deal pall 8p) = da jay Cilaliall y500 cle (Toughness ) -( Charpy « Izod.) Gi YI SI Sigal! 5 ye Malla] Es any Izod che arpy Aled! | 51 ya! 4a | TT discussion :4 -Abesteall ailtill le gs I yall abeill 86 le le nial) aus ae =] A spill oka Gil Gye Baill Gs -2 «(charpy ) JS! 2 (Izod ) oye) JU58I eit gy 8-3 Angailly Ghai os AI LUE gl (tas -4 14 aCoaleally GUY) Lunaia aud (yates) Fag shsisitl desta) pals dade $ Aacell Aa glia cle 3 jizall al gall pale =: Sats al all obs Ge JS G26 On = (C2 SU And) og shal aS sl 2] » Glyssll ane -2 Ell ya dae 3 + ay 4 | yall ated!) 4 Annealing cell! -| Normalizing hid) Quenching Amaia Tempering 4s\ yll-cs Torsi on Test_) : el sii jist (Introduction ) ssi! iE Mike 5 JAN) Ags COIS, Capa gS ade Gy JI play Gtinglace Gli gb Cub Ia) Stee Uncle G sla 9 shae 1983 silly C5 all Cute Go cell) ¢1 59 5YI ae Capaill el gill SV oss (ELT! E13) Logi Mileaall Sls Ga lll gaal + calshll oyna dsmQslaally LEY) Luvaie aud (sya asthe cs) Asp gl gisitl dealall Ae ( Theory ) Salen Y!y (OA ) taitall Lost le Sly (6 ) Va ylaie 425) 5s sth (OA) & (Pure ) iad Calaleal (ot ( gill os sinus cele Gayeall) ol gY je Ga Xai 2 tals By SSA ALS (D ) G15 Shaiil O58 Sek! LB Shear (2) eas SAN BLS abadall 4y ila LDU Auld Giles padinsy Ad 441) yo ( Modulus of Rigidity ) 3elssi) Jales Glas (SayGilaally LBY) Aussie pat (sys dagte cs) Aug gh giSit) Antal (NM ) el pe (Polar Moment Of Inertia ) 28ll 5 sail a je = (mt ), gg ilall chil < ( N/m?) (Shear Stress ) vai steal = 1 (m) bial shi iei= R 6 = (Rad ) gsi! wy LAN AG = 9 (m) 441! Ssh =L (Object ): 4 a3) 64 ua all sasy (Mild Steel) grb) chal Go 43) pha) Gbise| AS sIS all jal yl) LLY «el gl) Dad (oll Lee pad aie ( Cast Iron ) 243!) (Apparatus ) _:_ 4ssdiuall 5 jga5! (30 NM) dee Gls cl lV liSi Glee -1 «ASM apsall oe s8ls ge sball heal! (ye Ail pha! Glue -2 ( Venire ) ug dad -3 (3. ) Sail esyels SUS! (gf patina! Slee! (3) JS (Procedure ) : dali cilghd eas ela Gl jae dacal ob Suen C93 (A yatally cull ) GySa 3 Migall OS =] «Ga uilly slaells og silat) (sil) pike Laie « LaLa dau lls Ail yell de ill 8 (3%) shake Lash cp sill yo sil cle ol il 3 y1y9 Cia 5 Ul s lal 95-2 Asegll Lyall any yh dau lly ol ggll Aelia y cy aStill any Cstball a pall el ed eLlly( 3 Se Yar @ = 6° eal gl) wosldaslj Sal del 5 $3 + Seal Lue plait acy util! ( Result and calculation ) : Clwwal)y qiliil) call ce ADEM Ow ob All Aol Gadi ley Cuitall Go Lily Cabs a i -1 - CHigall ype gle Ay gh nad 435) jy Slaball yas gle gays sill eH Gal Gall algal oy BLM cays og gall Gall Gily Uabade pus! -2 Liguall gaa cole Grail JLaiil y Cilaleall y yas Ala Ag pall steal ¢ uli, diy yall an (G ) SeLuall Ueber ye US Gueal 3 - vailCualeally GUY dusain aud (siya date yc) Fag sh gisitl desta) discussion : 48a) clatiiuy) Aadgll abgall 2 pS) bbe gle ley « ol gM) Lisl yo Ashall sailill dyaal (2aU -] (Ductile Material ) Abad ol yall gi 185 » Agetll of elas yaloe Git -2 (bending Test_) sUiss¥i Jia) (Introduction ) 4«sial! (Theory) — : 4 83) (Object ) : Asi o« atl ( apparatus) : AssSiuull 5 jg) (Procedure ) :_ det!) shs ( Result and calculation ) : 19