Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Part A: Introduction: A1. The Problem of Chemical Attack
Part A: Introduction: A1. The Problem of Chemical Attack
Designer of State in Contract Documents the DS Class & ACEC Class of the ground and the method of deriving
the concrete specification, eg use of Tables C1, D1 and D2, or Table C2 and Design Guide F1a of Part F.
building / structure State requirements and options for concrete specification, including:
- specifed DC Class of concrete after any enhancement,
- specified number and type of APM and compressive strength class of concrete,
- any other requirements.
Contractor for
Formulate concrete mix design and consistence for
building/ structure structural element, taking into account specified
DC Class, strength class, availability and cost of
(in liaison with any third-party materials and contract requirements.
concrete producer)
Where concrete is being supplied ready-mixed,
check the proposed mix for conformity to the
DC-Class specification.
Figure A2: Procedure for design of buried concrete for use in an aggressive chemical environment.
13-2-05
[1] Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions. The thaumasite form of sulfate attack: Risks,
diagnosis, remedial works and guidance on new construction. Report of the Thaumasite Expert Group. DETR,
January 1999.
[2] Crammond N J and Nixon P J. Deterioration of concrete foundations piles as a result of thaumasite formation.
Sixth International Conference on the Durability of Building Materials. Japan. E & FN Spon, 1993, Vol 1, pp 295 –
305.
[3] Crammond N J and Halliwell M A. The thaumasite form of sulfate attack in concretes containing a source of
carbonate ions, Second Symposium on Advances in Concrete Technology, ACI, 1995, SP154 -19, pp 357 - 380.
[4] Crammond N J. The thaumasite form of sulfate attack in the UK. Cement and Concrete Composites. Vol 25, No
8, 2003, pp 808-818. *
[5] Loudon N. A review of the experience of thaumasite sulfate attack by the UK Highways Agency. Cement and
Concrete Composites. Vol 25, No 8, 2003, pp 1051-1058. *
[6] Slater D, Floyd M and Wimpenny D E. A summary of the Highways Agency thaumasite investigation in
Gloucestershire: the scope of the work and main findings. Cement and Concrete Composites. Vol 25, No 8, 2003,
pp 1067-1076. *
[7] Crammond N J. The occurrence of thaumasite in modern construction – a review. Cement and Concrete
Composites. Vol 24, 2004, pp 393-402
[8] Collett G, Crammond N J, Swamy R N and Sharp J H. The role of carbon dioxide in the formation of
thaumasite. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol 34, No 9, 2004, pp 1599-1612.
[9] Floyd M. A comparison of classification for aggressive ground with thaumasite sulfate attack measured at
highway structures in Gloucestershire, UK. Cement and Concrete Composites. Vol 25, No 8, 2003, pp 1085-1093. *
[10] Longworth T I. Development of guidance on classification of sulfate-bearing ground for concrete. Concrete.
Vol 38, No 2, 2004, pp 25-26.
[11] Longworth T I. Review of guidance on testing and classification of sulfate and sulfide-bearing ground. BRE
Client Report 80042, BRE, Garston, 2003. Unpublished.