a) salt and water

Separate Salt and Water Using Distillation

You can boil or evaporate the water and the salt will be left
behind as a solid. If you want to collect the water, you can
use distillation. This works because salt has a much
higher boiling point than water.
b) Sugar and water
To separate sugar and water from a mixture of the two,
the easiest way would be to use distillation. Distillation is a
way of separating substances based on the difference in
their boiling points. Using distillation it is possible
to separate sugar, which has a much higher boiling point
than water, from water.
c) Oil and water
To separate oil from water, add a solution of soluble ionic
salt to the solution. Distillation, which involves boiling and
condensing the water, is another option, as well as
partially freezing the oil and water combination and
discarding one-fourth to one-third of the unfrozen water.
d) Alcohol and water
When you mix the rubbing alcohol with water, the latter's
molecules make hydrogen bonds with
the water molecules. The alcohol dissolves in
the water to form a homogenous solution, so you cannot
distinguish the alcohol and the water anymore.