Aterrado, Katrina Vanessa T1 PDF

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment

Manila, Philippines
A Proposed Philippine Cultural Living Museum

Sustaining Green Spaces Whilst Designing Enclosed Structures
A Thesis presented to
The Faculty of School of Architecture
In partial fulfillment of the course requirements in

Architectural Design 11: Thesis Research Application 2
For the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Submitted by
Katrina Vanessa T. Aterrado
2008123004
On
March 2012
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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
APPROVAL SHEET
This undergraduate thesis attached herewith entitled A Proposed Philippine Cultural Living Museum Sustaining Green Spaces Whilst Designing An
Enclosed Structure, prepared by Katrina Vanessa T. Aterrado, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture is
hereby accepted.
Arch. Anna Christina Ealdama

Thesis Adviser
Arch. Felix Ressurreccion Arch. Marlon Carino Arch. Perry Sanga

Thesis Jury
Accepted:
Arch. Gloria B. Teodoro

March 2012
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ABSTRACT
A PROPOSED PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
SUSTAINING GREEN SPACES WHILST DESIGNING AN ENCLOSED STRUCTURE
BY
KATRINA VANESSA T. ATERRADO
MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 2011
INTRAMUROS, MANILA
ARCH’T. CHRISTINA EALDAMA, MS.ARCH

Thesis Adviser
The ways on how to house the Philippines’ intangible cultural properties was studied on this thesis book – this may also be stated as the relationship of
preserving & promotion Philippines’ intangible cultural properties to Architecture. The client of the project has goals about it – to give identity to their place
(Tagaytay City) and make it a tourist destination instead of just weekend destinations. The proponent had conducted a survey with regards to the Philippine
culture – on how well the Filipinos know and how they are interested about their culture and how do they want those to be housed/preserved; and about the
site – about the visitors’ feedback about the site. And most of them know about the basics about the culture and are not too interested about the culture, they
liked the site because of its location, the view and the climate and most likely, they would come back to the place, but most of the repondents have commented
about their disappointments on the site. The proponent, therefore, concluded that the proposal will be of big help to the client’s goals.
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About the Author
ATERRADO, KATRINA VANESSA T.

“God is the Greatest Architect”
(This is her motivation and God is her inspiration.)
The proponent is a daughter of Architect Precila Tibayan-Aterrado (obviously, her mother is her influence) and Arnaldo Aterrado
(a Contractor). She lives in Tagaytay City. She is a senior Architecture student from the Mapúa Institute of Technology. She
graduated her secondary school from Tagaytay City Science National High School. She is a member of the Student Council of the
School of AR-ID-BE since 2010 to the present and a member of the United Architects of the Philippines-Student Auxiliary Mapua
Chapter. Aside from being active in school organizations, she is a chapter leader of the Youth for Christ-Tagaytay Chapter and a
member of the dance troupe. She was once a member of two cultural dance troupes “TCSNHS Dance Troupe” and the “MIT-Sining
Kalinangan Dance Troupe”. She has experienced to work during her On-the-Job Training Program at the Medeliano T. Roldan Jr.,
and Associates.
About her thesis:

She came up to this, with the idea in her mind that the Philippine Culture is already fading and facts such as knowing that the generation of today is adapting
other cultures instead of our own. Being a lover of the Philippine’s folk dances, she came up of proposing a Living Museum to preserve and promote the
Philippines’ splendid culture.
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Acknowledgements
This thesis project would not have been possible without the support of many people.
The author wishes to express her gratitude to first and foremost, her adviser, Arch’t. Christina Ealdama, who was abundantly helpful and offered invaluable
assistance, support and guidance.
To the people who cooperated in her interviews and surveys without whose knowledge and assistance this study would not have been successful.
Special thanks also to all her friends, for their undying support and for sharing a lot of their time in helping her accomplish her studies and final outputs.
Not forgetting, to her bestfriends (Billy Joy Creus and Marvin John Angeles and the rest of ‘Baudesgartes’) who always been there (maybe not physically but
she knows they are there).
To her roommates, Lea Jane Tolentino and Beryllaine Barredo, for listening to her and giving their insights about the project, thank you so much.
To her MIT professors who taught her a lot and sharing their knowledge to her, thank you very much.
To her Youth for Christ family, thank you so much for all your prayers and moral support.
To her God’s gift, thank you for all your support, time, help and love. ♥
The author wishes to express her love and gratitude to her beloved families; not only for providing her financially but also for their understanding & endless
love, through the duration of her studies.
To her mom who has been her inspiration in pursuing this career.
To all who was not been mentioned, THANK YOU SO MUCH!
Lastly, to my God and savior, you’ve been so good to me. Let thy will be done and thy plans be pushed. Thank you so much, Papa God! :)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Approval Sheet ii
Abstract iii
Author iv
Acknowledgement Sheet v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
1.0 The Problem

1.1 Background / Overview 2
1.2 Statement of the Problem 4
1.3 Project Goal, Objectives and Strategies 5
1.4 Significance of the Research 6
1.5 Review of Related Literature 7
1.6 Conceptual Framework 44
1.7 Research Methodology
1.7.1 Oral Investigation
1.7.1.1 Interviews 46
1.7.1.2 Questionnaire/ Survey 49
1.7.2 Archival Research 53
1.7.3 Case Studies 55
1.8 Scope and Limitations of the Study 66
1.9 Definition of Terms 66
2.0 Sustaining Green Spaces Whilst Designing an Enclosed Structure

2.1 Rationale 70
2.2 Discussion of principles and relevance to the project 70
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2.3 Recommendations for application 76
3.0 Architectural Programming Data

3.1 Site Selection Process
3.1.1 Setting the Criteria 78
3.1.2 Description of Site Options 79
3.1.3 Site Selection and Justification 83
3.1.4 Site Analysis 84
3.1.5 Laws and Ordinances Pertaining to the Site 121
3.1.6 Site Development Options 127
3.2 Space Programming Data
3.2.1 Space Programming Index 130
3.2.2 Users Analysis 130
4.0 Design Solutions
4.1 Concept Board 135
4.2 Site Development Plan 136
4.3 Site Perspectives 137
4.4 The Living Museum 138
4.5 Administration and Performers’ Building 143
4.6 Commercial Building 147
4.7 Exhibit Boards 149
Bibliography or References
Appendices
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List of Tables
Table 1.1 Tourist Arrivals in Tagaytay City 55
3.1 Land Area per Barangay 86
3.2 Population per Barangay 88
3.3 Land Allocation 97
3.4 General Land Use Shifts 98
3.5 Urban Land Use Shifts 99
Figure 1.1 Research Paradigm 44
1.2 Survey Question 1 50
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THE PHILIPPINE CULTURAL LIVING MUSEUM
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION
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Chapter 1 own people. Based on the www.philippinecountry.com, our colorful and
lively Philippine culture that makes us distinctly Filipino is the one thing that
INTRODUCTION
makes us different from the rest of the world.
1.1. Background of the Study Filipinos are starting to forget the very good culture we have due to the new
generation and the adapted culture from different countries. In fact, most
Culture has many meanings, depending on its nature of use. In this case, children nowadays don‟t really know the things behind every celebration and
anthropology is the study that is concerned for culture. One anthropologist, festivity that they are attending, like fiestas, festivals, processions, and the like.
Edward Tylor, said that culture is, “that complex whole which includes Maybe they know the basic facts about every tradition, but they usually do not
knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and mind the reason behind these, where, when, and how those started. Based on
habits acquired by man as a member of society.” To support this, for some, it an article, entitled “Museum-Crazy in the City”, from the Philippine Daily
refers to an appreciation of good literature, music, art, and food. Inquirer (April 17, 2002) issue; Filipinos in general, are far from being culture
vultures. In fact, if not for school field trips and the patronage of tourists from
The Philippines is very well known for its colorful culture and tradition. In almost abroad, museums in this country can hardly thrive. Even the dances and songs
7, 107 islands of the archipelago, there are different cultures that must be well from the past that they watch and hear are not familiar to them. They do not
preserved because these cultures characterize Filipinos. The culture is the most know that, long time ago, these dances and songs make our parents,
important treasure of every nation that no one can take away except their grandparents, grand-grandparents, and so on, happy. These are their past
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times, at the same time, they develop their talents. These are only few of the Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia, western practices, as well as traditional
very splendid culture of the Philippines that is, sad to say, already fading ethnic beliefs greatly influenced the Filipino way of life. While the new era
because of the new adapted culture. But what is Philippines without the old brought in a modern lifestyle that was readily embraced by the people, a
culture? What identity can we hold to say that we are Filipinos without it? number of customs and traditions are still being practised as in the past. But
take note of the term, “a number”, which means only few of the many culture
The culture of the Philippines reflects the complexity of the history of the of the Philippines are being practised nowadays. As time passes by, new
Philippines through the blending of many diverse traditional Malay heritages generations are coming; new trends influence the Filipinos and eventually let
mixed with Spanish, American and other Asian cultures. Based on the Philippine them forget about our culture. Knowing the fact that this culture creates the
Cultural information, the existence of a number of different languages, dialects character of the Philippines, the original culture must be preserved and
and religious traditions has meant that the Filipinos developed no single promoted.
national culture. Most probably, the reason for this multi-culture of the
Philippines is the physical characteristic of the country. The Philippines is an Aside from these, the government of the city of Tagaytay (the client for the
archipelago with 7, 107 islands which creates differences among the cultures project) is aiming to give their city an identity because according to Ms. Lanie
of every group. But still, there are common practices among these cultures. Diesta, Tagaytay has no self-identity, nothing to call their own and that
Culture has two types of properties: tangible (those that can be touched/ Tagaytay is only a weekend destination not a tourist destination – and this
collected) and the intangible (untoucheable like oral traditions, dances, songs, results to aiming of the city to make Tagaytay a tourist destination instead of
etc).
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just a weekend destination (which the Tagaytay government gave different preserve the tangible like surrendering artifacts in museums or
meanings). galleries, but how about the intangible culture? Since it is more
important because it is the “living culture,”
With these, the proponent has thought of studying about the cultural tourism in How can the intangible culture be housed and preserved like that of the
the Philippines and how can Architecture be of help in preserving and tangible ones?
promoting the splendid culture of the Philippines. In this thesis book, the
relationship between architecture and the culture will be discussed. Moreover, 1.2.2. Sub-Problems
the things that Architecture may provide to promote and preserve the Filipino  What aspects of Philippine Culture needs to be highlighted
culture, more specifically the intangible culture, will be analyzed and how well which can promote the cultural tourism in the Philippines?
the proposed structure can keep the tangible cultural property and expose the  How can architecture define and characterize Philippine
intangible ones. Architecture?
 What are the new technologies and trends in Architecture that

1.2. Statement Of The Problem may be incorporated to promote and preserve the Philippine
1.2.1. Main Problem Culture?
Culture has two types of properties: tangible (those that can be
 What is intangible culture? How can the intangible cultures of
touched/ collected) and the intangible (untoucheable like oral
the Philippines be housed in a structure?
traditions, dances, songs, etc). There are ways to conserve and
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 What differences can be made to diverge the existing With this, the client also proposed that this structure can make the
structures for cultural tourism in the Philippines? tourism industry in the city and make it a „tourist‟ destination instead.
1.3. Project Goals, Objectives & Strategies 1.3.2. Objectives and Strategies
1.3.1. Goals The main objective of the project is to determine the coordination of
Goals (Proponent) Architecture to the promotion and preservation of the Philippine culture.
The main goal of the project is to prevent the loss of the Philippine  To develop a design of structure that incorporates the culture of the
culture in Filipinos mind through Architecture. With this, it is also a goal Philippines in a modern way.
of the project to promote and preserve the Philippine culture with the o Identify the different traditions and cultures in the Philippines
aid of Architecture by creating a strucuture that incorporates Philippine that may entertain and teach the users.
culture which would encourage tourist especially the local tourists to be o Find out the spaces that may be incorporated in the structure.
interested again in their own culture. o Differentiate this structure from the cultural museums existing in
Goals (Client-Tagaytay City Government) the Philippines such as the Cultural Center of the Philippines,
The main goal of the client for the project is to give the City of National Museum, Nayong Pilipino and the like.
Tagaytay an identity. The city is a well-known „weekend‟ destination. o Identify the best feature of known cultural tourists‟ spots in the
Philippines and incorporate them in the structure.
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 To define and characterize the Philippine Culture with the aid of will provide more information to the next generations especially to the
Architecture. target beneficiaries such as the succeeding batches of architecture
o Analyze and develop ways on how to preserve and promote students that would aim to propose or to students that are given the
the Philippine culture through Architecture. chance to study such topic. This will surely provide information from
o Search and gather more information about the Philippine reliable sources. Information that may be provided by the proponent
culture and Architecture. for future uses may be replicated provided that, the researcher would
o Know how well the local people of the Philippines knew about be acknowledged. Also, since there is only a short span of time for the
the Philippine culture. research process, future further researches may stimulate so as to either
support or may also correct the statements or information that will be
1.4. Significance Of The Study And Of The Project discussed on this study provided that it would be proved and tested.
1.4.1. Significance of the Study Moreover, the study is very much important for the collection and
The thesis book will provide information needed to better understand analysis of data to develop a better solution to the problem, which is
the relationship of architecture to the preservation and promotion of the loss of the Philippine culture.
the Philippine culture, of how Architecture may help in the prevention of
the loss of the culture. In the future, this would be of big help to the
Architecture students who will be studying related topics from this. This
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1.4.2. Significance of the Project TO THE LOCALS (SITE):
TO THE PHILIPPINES: The project will open job opportunities to the locals from the chosen
This project will revive the fading culture specifically the intangible site. At the same time, this is one chance of showcasing Filipino talents
properties. It will prevent the loss of the fading ones and promote the from unknown people which may give way to make them famous
authentic intangible cultures. As a result to these, the Philippines will performers.
then again revive its character and identity. Moreover, this will add to
the tourism industry in the Philippines, especially to the local tourism TO ARCHITECTURE:
industry of the chosen site. Aside from the fact that it will educate The project will be a new way of keeping and, at the same time,
locals, it will promote cultural tourism to the foreign tourists but more to exposing the Philippine‟s culture, specifically the intangible property. It
the local tourists which are the main target market of the project. will be a new structure different from other cultural centers where fun,
excitement, wonders of culture and creativity will be seen and
TO THE FILIPINOS: experienced.
We all know that most of the Filipinos today do not really know about
the intangible culture, when in fact, they are the ones who have to know 1.5. Review Of Related Literature
this. The project will help the Filipinos, especially the students, know 1.5.1. DEFINING CULTURE
about how each of the intangible culture started. This will let them feel Based on http://anthro.palomar.edu/culture/culture_1.htm,
the patriotism since they know how they started.

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for anthropologists and other behavioral scientists, culture is the full cultural patterns--they are things that were made and used through
range of learned human behavior patterns. The term was first used in cultural knowledge and skills.
this way by the pioneer English Anthropologist Edward B. Tylor in his
book, Primitive Culture, published in 1871. Tylor said that culture is If this is so, culture must be seen and experienced continuously even as
"that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, time passes by. This is to make the culture remain and be authentic.
custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a What can the remains actually give to the learners to know about the
member of society." culture? How long can these artifacts remain? How about the living
culture – the intangible properties aside from the tangible properties
Based on http://anthro.palomar.edu/culture/culture_1.htm, culture is a of culture which are said to be the evidences of the intangible
powerful human tool for survival, but it is a fragile phenomenon. It is properties?
constantly changing and easily lost because it exists only in our minds.
Our written languages, governments, buildings, and other man-made 1.5.2. INTANGIBLE CULTURAL PROPERTY
things are merely the products of culture. They are not culture in Based on the answers from the questionnaires sent by the UNESCO to
themselves. For this reason, archaeologists can not dig up culture National Commissions, from Lao People‟s Democratic Republic,
directly in their excavations. The broken pots and other artifacts of intangible cultural heritage is the whole human spiritual values and
ancient people that they uncover are only material remains that reflect practices created and adopted during its long stages of historical
evolutions such as: wisdom, knowledge, know-how, arts, literature,

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morals, good use and social practices, etc. whose main function is to environment, their interaction with nature and their history, and
humanize and civilize oneself and the others in their life in groups or in provides them with a sense of identity and continuity, thus promoting
society. From Myanmar, tangible cultural is the material aspect and respect for cultural diversity and human creativity. For the purposes of
intangible culture is the spiritual aspect of life. Visual arts are tangible this Convention, consideration will be given solely to such intangible
culture. Performing arts are intangible. cultural heritage as is compatible with existing international human
rights instruments, as well as with the requirements of mutual respect
Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia of Knowledge, according to the among communities, groups and individuals, and of sustainable
2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural development.
Heritage, the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) – or living heritage – is
the mainspring of humanity's cultural diversity and its maintenance a Several countries, as well as UNESCO, are making efforts to protect
guarantee for continuing creativity. It is defined as follows: Intangible intangible culture. Most notable are Japan (which instituted a law in
Cultural Heritage means the practices, representations, expressions, 1950 protecting intangible culture) and the South Korea (1962). In
knowledge, skills – as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts and 2003, UNESCO adopted the Convention for the Safeguarding of the
cultural spaces associated therewith – that communities, groups and, in Intangible Cultural Heritage. This went into effect on April 20, 2006.
some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage. This UNESCO has also created other intangible culture programs, such as a
intangible cultural heritage, transmitted from generation to generation, list called Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible
is constantly recreated by communities and groups in response to their Heritage of Humanity. This list began in 2001 with 19 items and a
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further 28 were listed in 2003 and another 43 in 2005. It was one of the priorities of international cooperation thanks to UNESCO's
superseded in 2008 by the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists. leading role in the adoption of the Convention for the Safeguarding
of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.
According to the UNESCO, cultural heritage is not limited to material
manifestations, such as monuments and objects that have been There are many definitions of the intangible cultural property/
preserved over time. This notion also encompasses living expressions materials. Which should be considered? If you browse into these
and the traditions that countless groups and communities worldwide meanings, you will be noticing that there would be commonality
have inherited from their ancestors and transmit to their descendants, among them. Since the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
in most cases orally. Many years of research undertaken by UNESCO Cultural Organization have had researches about this, their definition
on the functions and values of cultural expressions and practices have must be the one to consider.
opened the door to new approaches to the understanding, protection
and respect of the cultural heritage of humanity. This living heritage, 1.5.3. CULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINE CONTEXT
known as intangible, provides each bearer of such expressions a Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia, the culture of the
sense of identity and continuity, insofar as he or she takes ownership Philippines reflects the complexity of the history of the
of them and constantly recreates them. As a driving force of cultural Philippines through the blending of many diverse
diversity, living heritage is very fragile. In recent years, it has traditional Malay heritages mixed with Spanish, American and
received international recognition and its safeguarding has become other Asian cultures.
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According to the Department of Tourism, the major cultural agencies of Hispanic influences, the older Asian aspects of Filipino culture are seen
government are the Cultural Center of the Philippines, the National through the strength of filial piety, family and its influence, empahasis
Historical Institute, the National Museum, The National Library, the on the group before the individual, the concept of maintaining social
Records Management and Archives Office, and the Commission on the harmony, ancient cultural beliefs and mythology, the complexities of
Filipino Language. The Heads of these cultural agencies are all ex- local psychology (such as hiya or shame and the concept of
officio members of the NCCA Board and all except the Commission on saving face), and accepted social etiquette between other Filipinos.
the Filipino Language are together under the National Commission on Within Asia, this Western-Eastern juxtaposition is most seen in the
Culture and Arts. Philippines, and continues to fascinate many a guest to the country.
Based on the “Tourism Development and Community: Four Philippine
Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia, The Philippines is a country that Case Studies in Boracay, Samal, Marinduque and Davao”, the
contains a myriad of different amalgated cultures and influences. The identification of culture change as „positive‟ or „negative‟, or the
superficial face of modern Filipino culture has many more influences recognition of a need to ameliorate change, or alter its direction and
from the Western world than other nearby Asian cultures. Most of these effects, can only be made by the people whose culture it is. But this is
influences are a product of previous colonization and derived mainly not as simple as it sounds because no community is homogeneous.
from the cultures of Spain and the United States, with a secondary People in different social, economic and political positions have
influence from Latin American cultures who were under Spain during the different perceptions and different priorities. Because of this, the
same period the Philippines was. Despite the visual Western and
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degree to which a culture, or even a particular tradition is „shared‟, is embraced by the people, a number of customs and traditions are still
relative, and so is the power to create change or to ensure continuity. being practised as in the past.
Based on an article, entitled Culture and Tradition, Western practices, But take note of the term, “a number”, which means only few of the
as well as traditional ethnic beliefs greatly influenced the Filipiono way many culture of the Philippines are being practised nowadays. As time
of life. While the new era brought in a modern lifesyle that passes by, new generations are coming; new trends influence the
was readily embraced by the people, a number of customs and Filipinos and eventually let them forget about our culture. Knowing the
traditions are still being practised as in the past. fact that this culture creates the character of the Philippines, the original
Based on an article, entitled Culture and Tradition, Western practices, culture must be preserved and promoted.
as well as traditional ethnic beliefs greatly influenced the Filipiono way
of life. While the new era brought in a modern lifesyle that These statements are proofs of the present cultural situation of the
was readily embraced by the people, a number of customs and Filipinos. Since the Philippines is an archipelago, the different groups
traditions are still being practised as in the past. vary in cultural customs/ heritage. Nowadays, Filipinos are grouped
based on social and economical states. Because of the new generation,
Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia, western practices, as well as Filipinos, especially those in the cities/ urbanized places do not see
traditional ethnic beliefs greatly influenced the Filipino way of life. culture as important as their businesses or jobs while those living in
While the new era brought in a modern lifestyle that was readily rural, the tribes, and people in the provinces see culture as one of the
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most important treasure that they have which they have to preserve Singapore. One of the fastest tourist market growths are those
through exposing it up to the coming generations. But as Filipinos, is it from China, and India. Based on an article from http://www.cebu-
not important to treasure the culture they have inherited from their philippines.net/philippine-culture.html, entitled Philippine Culture and
ancestors? Is it not the important thing that the Filipinos must share? Tourism, the hospitality of the Filipino culture is one of the reasons why
Doesn‟t it make any sense at all in the identity of the Filipinos? It is one tourism in the Philippines is steadily growing. Foreigners and tourists
of the very important things that Filipinos must be proud of because who have experienced the Philippine culture and being with Filipinos
most foreigners visit the Philippines because of the very splendid culture find them very hospitable. This is a common trait that Filipinos are
they have. known for to most foreigners who have traveled around the country.
1.5.4. TOURISM IN THE PHILIPPINES This is just one of the Philippines‟ special features that the Filipinos
Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia, tourism plays an important role really can be proud of and never be ashamed to be promoted for
in the Philippine economy. In the year 2000, net tourism income in the tourists. Filipinos are well known for being hospitable which only means
Philippines totaled to 2.1 billion U.S. dollars. Most of the foreign that they are very welcoming to visitors. This becomes one great factor
tourists came from the United States, Japan, South Korea, Hong for the Philippines to invite tourists from other countries because they
Kong, Australia, New Zealand, and The Netherlands. There were also know that they are welcoming, therefore, they can make visitors come
tourists coming from Taiwan, Great back – which is one important aspect in tourism, making tourists go and
Britain, Germany, Canada,Israel, Russia, Spain, Poland, France and come back in your place.
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1.5.5. CULTURAL TOURISM one culture in contact with another for the specific purpose of that
Based on an article from http://www.sccs.swarth- contact, in a touring situation.
more.edu/users/00/ckenned1/definition.html, Hughes (1996) argues
that cultural tourism “tends to be applied to trips whenever cultural Based on “Cultural Carribean Niche Markets-5”, Cultural, heritage and
resources are visited regardless of initial motivation. The term is limited, historical tourism describes all tourist trips that include cultural activities
too, by a failure to include „entertainment‟. He classifies those tourists (e.g. the visiting of monuments or sites), as well as experiences and
who want to “experience „culture‟ in the sense of a distinct way of life” interaction with local people.
as “ethnic tourism”. However, I do not find this distinction particularly
useful, at least for my limited purposes here. While, Stebbins (1996), Gail Dexter Lord had a keynote presentation at Wisconsin Heritage
he writes, “Cultural tourism is a genre of special interest tourism based Tourism Conference Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin on September 17,
on the search for and participation in new and deep cultural 1999 entitled, “Power of Cultural Tourism”, she started by briefly
experiences, whether aesthetic, intellectual, emotional, or exploring continuing patterns and recent trends in cultural tourism.
psychological”. According to Caitlin Kennedy, he found that Stebbins‟ Specific trends, such as the increasing influence of the Internet and the
writings were useful, it incorporates a variety of cultural forms, impact of blockbusters and special events, present new opportunities to
including museums, galleries, festivals, architecture, historic sites, artistic communicate and reach potential cultural tourists. Others, such as the
performances, and heritage sites, as well as any experience that brings growth of younger and more diverse cultural tourists and the increasing
popularity of short “get-away” trips, have an impact on the types of

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packaging and partnering initiatives that can be presented to cultural To sum this up, cultural tourism may refer to the relationship of the past
tourists in order to strategically capture the market. I will also suggest and the future. Or should I say, bringing the past in the present and
that while significant opportunities for cultural tourism emerge from bringing back what has been gone. It is a term that may be used in
identified trends and patterns, opportunities must be considered in the visiting places that your main puropose for visiting is its cultural
context of expectations held by the cultural tourist; for example, a background or how the culture has been preserved. Cultural tourism
desire for – and expectation of - experiences rather than objects, may help in the preservation of intangible culture and keeping of
authenticity rather than fabrication, and the desire to contribute to a tangible cultures. Nowadays, cultural tourism may be represented by
sustainable environment. museums, cultural centers and the like. But it must not be closed for what
it is; cultural tourism may incorporate experience in it so as to make it
According to Secretary Gemma Cruz-Araneta in her article in Travel work even more.
Post on December 1998 issue, entitled, “Community Culture & History: A
New Thrust for Philippine Tourism”, that all great tourist destinations in 1.5.6. MUSEOLOGY
the world – such as Europe and Asia – are finally great because of the Based on the Wikipedia Encyclopedia of Knowledge, museology is
powerful pull of history and culture. Ancient civilizations and defined as the diachronic study of museums and how they have
magnificent structures dot their landscapes, and they hark back to times established and developed in their role as an educational mechanism
now gone. under social and political pressures.
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1.5.7. MUSEUM ARCHITECTURE effort was made to make the setting for the exhibits as neutral as
Based on the “Key Concepts of Museology” by André Desvallées and possible – even if this meant sacrificing all or part of the existing
François Mairesse, museum architecture is defined as the art of historical décor. The invention of electricity greatly facilitated these
designing and installing or building a space that will be used to house improvements and allowed the lighting systems to be completely
specific museum functions, more particularly the functions of exhibition revised. 24New functions that emerged in the second half of the 20th
and display, preventive and remedial active conservation, study, century led to major architectural changes: the increase in the number
management, and receiving visitors. Although the form of museum of temporary exhibitions led to a different distribution of collections
buildings was often focused on safeguarding collections, it evolved as between the permanent exhibition and storage spaces; the
new functions in museum work were developed. So it was that after development of visitor facilities, educational workshops and rest areas,
seeking solutions for better lighting of the exhibits (Souffl ot, Brébion, in particular the creation of large multi-purpose spaces; the
1778; J.-B. Le Brun, 1787), for distributing the collections better development of bookshops, restaurants and shops for selling items
throughout the museum building (Mechel, 1778-1784), and for relating to the exhibitions. But at the same time, the decentralisation by
structuring the exhibition space better (Leo von Klenze, 1816-1830), at regrouping and by subcontracting some museum operations required
the beginning of the 20th century museum people realised that the the building or installation of specialised autonomous buildings: firstly,
permanent exhibitions must be reduced. To this end they created restoration workshops and laboratories which could specialise while
storage areas, either by sacrificing exhibition rooms or by creating serving several museums, then storage areas located away from the
space in the basement, or by building new structures. In addition, every exhibition spaces.
16
Therefore, trends in museums/museology changes from time to time to dignified. To present anything but the most serious mien to the world
conform to the needs of the visitors and how it will be more cast doubt upon the Majesty of state (at whatever level) and would be
educational. Museums tend to have temporary exhibits than permanent as tasteless as giggling during the Bishop‟s blessing. Two, they are
so as to make visitors come back. almost sure to be at least one generation behind the times, stylistically.
This comes about quite naturally, since the officials and appointees who
1.5.8. MUSEUM serve as the “client” are usually elderly (often in outlook if not in actual
A museum is a non-profit, permanent institution in the service of society years) and deeply impressed by themselves, their titles, and their
and its development, open to the public, which acquires, conserves, duties. They do not take kindly to bursts of imagination or originality
researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible and intangible from their architect. As a matter of fact, there is very little danger of
heritage of humanity and its environment for the purposes of education, such an occurrence, since the architect is generally chosen by these very
study and enjoyment. (ICOM Statutes, adopted during the 21st same officials.(“Architecture and People” by Eugene Raskin, A.I.A., USA,
General Conference in Vienna, Austria, in 2007). 1974).
Houses of legislature, state and national capitols, post offices, museums, Museums continue to evolve and change. New technologies, emerging
and so forth vary as much as any other category of buildings, but two art forms and collections, and diverse audiences have given rise to new
generalizations can be made about them with a certain degree of museums and exhibition environments. The functional and operational
confidence: one, they are almost invariably impressive, monumental, requirements that are unique to this building type are the focus of this
17
section. Traditionally, the primary mission of a museum is to safeguard Strategic Plan
its collection. Two of the most important functional requirements are As a method of moving forward from a mission statement, museums
physical security and maintaining constant temperature and relative develop strategic plns. The strategic plan is the first step towards
humidity to unusually high standards. (Time Saver Standards for defining the programs and activities necessary to achieve the museum‟s
Building Types: Fourth Edition) stated purpose. It describes audiences, accessory services, special
community requirements, staffing, facilities, and financial resources.
Museum Mission Statement
Museums usually have clear statements of their reason for being. The Contrary to the idea of museum as an ellitist institution, most
traditional statement includes the mission “to preserve, protect, and contemporary museums aspire to become an integral part of their
exhibit.” However, there are significant variations between institutions community. This message should be clear and visible – from the initial
beyond this. Some are “collecting” institutions, some have a static encounter with the building all the way to the exhibition. Architecturally,
collection, and others do not collect as a core activity. Some museums the museum may aspire to integrate itself into its surrounding urban
have a strong emphasis on education, with art schools or classrooms fabric and respond to the community‟s circulation pattern, or it may
being an integral part of the facility. Others emphasize community stand in stark contrast to its context.
services and include accessory uses for social and community functions The museum is often seen as an important civic building and cultural
and special events. (Time Saver Standards for Building Types: Fourth landmark. However, the visitor‟s experience of the building should also
Edition) be welcoming and comfortable, human dimension to the building and

18
streetscape. Free forms can be used to command attention, such as 1.5.9. PHILIPPINE CULTURE
Frank gehry‟s design for the Guggenheim in Bilbao, Spain. The The culture of the Philippines reflects the complexity of the history of
choreography of arrival, the relationship of building form and massing, the Philippines through the blending of many diverse
materials and details, and landscaping all contribute to its civic traditional Malay heritage mixed with Spanish, American and
presence and human scale. other Asian cultures.
Some museums use entertainment to further change the public Pre-Hispanic and non-Christian Philippine cultures are derived from
perception of the museum and to extend visitation. Although many native traditions of the Austronesian people called Malayo-
entertainment can be a welcome alternative to exhibitions, most Polynesian or the Malay people. The prehistoric Philippine
museums neither are concerned that this should not be the dominant Mythology and Philippine indigenous culture was later influenced by
image nor diminish the primacy and dignity of the collections. the Malay cultures of Southeast Asia, accompanied by a mixture of
Museums have unique role in our society. The architectural design for a Western-Christianity, Eastern-Islamic, Hinduism and Buddhism tradition.
museum is often expressive of its role in our culture. It can reflect the
museum‟s mission. As a result, museums tend to be “design statements”. Spanish colonization in the Philippines lasted from 1565 to 1898. Most
(Time Saver Standards for Building Types: Fourth Edition) of that time, the islands were governed from Mexico and later directly
from Spain. As a result, there is a significant amount of Spanish and
Mexican influence in Philippine customs and

19
traditions. Hispanic influences are visible in traditional Philippine folk Muslim Filipinos also celebrate their own customs and traditions. These
music and dance, cuisine, festivities, religion, and language, though groups follow a Philippine Islamic culture, and other Muslim recreation
usually integrated with other influences. The most visible example of such as the Kali, Kulintangand Gamelan, are used by Islamic groups in
this is the Spanish names of Filipinos, which were given through a tax the southern islands of Mindanao and Sulu archipelago.
law, the thousands of Spanish loanwords in native languages such
as Tagalog and Cebuano, and the majority Catholic religion. A. TANGIBLE (Moveable)
Tangible property in law is, literally, anything which can be touched,
Later, the Philippines was a territory of the United States from 1898 and includes both real property and personal property (or moveable
until 1946. American influences are evident in the use of the English property), and stands in distinction to intangible property.
language, and in contemporary pop culture, such
as fastfood, music, film and basket-ball. Visual Arts
Paintings
Other Asian ethnic groups such as the Chinese and Japanese have been Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color
settling in the Philippines since even before the colonial period and or other medium to a surface (support base). The application of the
their influence is also present in the popularity of gambling games medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects
such mahjong, jueteng, Kali and a variety of Asian cuisine. can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the
result of the action. Paintings may have for their support such surfaces
20
as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, clay, copper or concrete,
and may incorporate multiple other materials including sand, clay,
paper, gold leaf as well as objects.
Painting is a mode of expression and the forms are
numerous. Drawing, composition or abstraction and other aesthetics
may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the
practitioner. Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in
a still life or landscape painting), photographic, abstract, be loaded (Spoliarium by Juan Luna)
with narrative content, symbolism, emotion or be political in nature. Displayed in the National Museum
A portion of the history of painting in both Eastern and Western art is Artifacts
dominated by spiritual motifs and ideas; examples of this kind of An artifact or artefact (from Latin phrase arte factum, from ars skill
painting range from artwork depicting mythological figures on pottery + facere to make) is "something made or given shape by man, such as
to Biblical scenes rendered on the interior walls and ceiling of The a tool or a work of art, esp an object of archaeological interest".
Sistine Chapel, to scenes from the life of Buddha or other scenes "Artifact" is the usual spelling in the US and Canada, "Artefact" in the
of eastern religious origin. UK, Europe and Australasia.

21
In archaeology, where the term is most commonly used, an artifact is an Sculptures
object recovered by some archaeological endeavor, which may have Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or
a cultural interest. combining hard materials - typically stone such as marble - or metal,
glass, or wood. Softer ("plastic") materials can also be used, such
Examples include stone tools such as projectile points, pottery vessels, as clay, textiles, plastics, polymers and softer metals. The term has
metal objects such as guns, and items of personal adornment such been extended to works including sound, text and light.
as buttons, jewellery and clothing. Other examples include bone that Found objects may be presented as sculptures. Materials may be
show signs of human modification, fire cracked rocks from a hearth or worked by removal such as carving; or they may be assembled such as
plant material used for food. by welding, hardened such as by firing, or molded or cast. Surface
decoration such as paint may be applied. Sculpture has been
described as one of the plastic arts because it can involve the use
of materials that can be moulded or modulated.
Sculpture is an important form of public art. A collection of sculpture in
a garden setting may be referred to as a sculpture garden.
(Manunggul Jar)
Displayed in the National Museum
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"light", and γραφή (graphê), meaning "drawing, writing", together
meaning "drawing with light".
INTANGIBLE
Intangible property can be felt in terms of value but has no physical
existence like stocks, bonds, trademarks, patents, bank accounts. It can
be owned by anyone and ownership can also get trasferred to another
Photographs person or corporation.
A photograph (often shortened to photo) is an image created
by light falling on a light-sensitive surface, usually photographic film or Performing Arts
an electronic imager such as a CCD or a CMOS chip. Most photographs Festivals
are created using a camera, which uses a lens to focus the scene's The fiesta is part and bundle of Filipino culture. Through good times
visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the human eye and bad times, the fiesta must go on. Each city and barrio has at least
would see. The process and practice of creating photographs is one local festival of its own, usually on the feast of its patron saint, so
called photography. The word "photograph" was coined in 1839 that there is always a fiesta going on somewhere in the country. But the
by Sir John Herschel and is based on the Greek φῶς (phos), meaning major and most elaborate festival of all is Christmas, a season
23
celebrated with all the display and show the fun-loving Filipino can 4th week – Panagbenga (Baguio City)
handle. - Kalilangan (Gen. Santos City)
17th-26th – Sibug-Sibug Festival (Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay)
List of festivals:
January March
9th – Feast of the Black Nazarene (Quiapo, Manila) 9th – Eid El Fitir (Region XII, Mindanao)
16th-22nd – Ati-Atihan (Kalibo, Aklan) Holy Week – Moriones Festival (Boac, Marinduque)
2nd Saturday – Pasungay (San Joaquin, Iloilo) 3rd-7th – Kaamulan (Malaybalay, Bukidnon)
3rd weekend – Sinulog (Cebu City, Cebu) 14th-16th – Pintados De Pasi (Passi City)
4th weekend – Dinagyang (Iloilo City, Iloilo) Month long – Sandugo (Tagbilaran Bohol)
3rd Sunday – Zambulawan (Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur)
April
February 1st – Via Crusis (Cebu City)
2nd – Feast of our Lady of Candles (Jaro, Iloilo City) Holy Week – Moriones Festival (Boac, Marinduque)
19th – Babaylan Festival (Bago City, Negros Occidental) Good Friday –Turumba (Pakil, Laguna)
11th – Tinagba (Bicol) 2nd week – Manaoag pilgrimage (Pangasinan)
17th – Tawo-Tawo (Bayawan City)

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May July
15th – Pahiyas (Quezon) 1st-2nd – Sandugo Festival (Tagbilaran City)
17th-19th – Obando Fertility Rites (Obando, Bulacan) 25th – Kinabayo Festival (Dapitan City)
Month long – Antipolo Pilgrimage (Antipolo) 3rd-4th – Sagayan (Tubod, Lanao del Norte)
1st Sunday – Pagoda (Pasig River)
June 15th – Cordillera Day (Region CAR)
24th – Mudpack Festival (Murcia, Negros Occidental) 1st – Pinta Flores (San Carlos City, Negros Occidental)
- Parada ng Lechon (Balayan, Batangas)
15th-24th – Pinyahan sa Daet (Daet, Camarines Norte) August
29th – Pintados Festival (Tacloban City) 20th-24th – Kadayawan Festival (Davao City)
1st-6th – Buklog (Dipolog City) 4th-5th – Palo-palo (Northern Province, Batanes)
17th-23rd – Baragatan (Puerto Prinsesa City) 14th – Kalibongan (Kidapawan City)
20th-29th – Pili (Sorsogon) 15th – Lubi-lubi (Calubian, Leyte)
26th – Sublian sa Batangas (Batangas City) 19th – Buyogan (Abuyog, Leyte)
September
9th – Bonok-bonok (Surigao City)

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16th – Penafrancia Viva La Virgen (Naga City) 2nd week – Helubong (South Cotabato)
1st-8th – Sarakiki (Calbayog City, Samar) 11th-15th – Sanduguan (Calapan, Oriental Mindoro)
8th-10th – Panagdadapun (Cabarroquis, Quirino) 22nd – Guinakit (Rio Grande de Mindanao)
3rd week – T‟boli Tribe (South Cotabato)
-Siquijor Day (Siquijor) December
8th – Immaculate Concepcion (Puerto Prinsesa City)
October 3rd – Giant Lantern Festival (San Fernando, Pampanga)
1st-12th – Zamboanga Hermosa Festival (Zamboanga City) 30th – Olongapo Festival (Olongapo)
14th-21st – Masskara Festical (Bacolod City)
6th-12th – Ibalong (Legazpi City) Epics
Last week – Fiestang Kuliat (Angeles City, Pampanga) Bicol Epic Poetry: The Ibalon – An origin tale, the Ibalon tries to
16th-19th – Sagingan (Lanao del Norte) explain how man came to be. Much like the story of Adam and Eve; it
follows the tale of the first man and woman in the regions Aslon and
November Ibalon (now Camarines, Sorsogon, Catanduanes and Albay).
3rd-5th – Pinta Flores Festival (San Carlos City)
23rd – Higantes (Angono, Rizal) It also narrates the adventures of the heroes of Ibalon and how they
5th-13th – Kansilay fought against monsters before establishing their own village and
26
learning to farm. The Ibalon also has an account reminiscent of the Mindanao Epic Poetry – Epic stories from Mindanao were only very
flood story, where rains poured for days and almost destroyed the recently put into writing. Known locally as “Darangan”, these poems
whole land. are very much like Greek mythology. The Darangan tells the romantic
adventures of noble warriors from Mindanao. A lot of the stories focus
Visayan Epic Poetry: The Maragtas Chronicles of Panay – This epic on one warrior-prince, Bantugan, who owned magic shield and was
attempts to explain the origins of the Filipinos and tells the story of 10 protected by divine spirits.
Datus or chieftains from Borneo that sail across the oceans to escape
the cruel reign of the Sultan Makatunaw. Upon arrival on Panay A lot of the stories revolved around war and love, much like Homer‟s
islands, the datus meet a tribe of natives called the Aetas. The Aetas Trojan War. But what makes the Darangan extra special is that it is
eventually sell a piece of their land to the datus and they live side by sung, instead of just said, in twenty-five beautiful chapters.
side in harmony.
Igorot Epic Poetry: Aliguyon – The Aliguyon follows the life of the
Old rules of conduct are also sometimes told in epic poetry form. The hero after which the story is named, who is gifted with great powers
Haraya, also from the Visayas, is a collection of moral conduct stories (he can travel to far places without resting or eating and has never
told in the form of heroic tales. been beaten in a battle). He embarks on a series of fights with his
arch-rival, Pumbakhayon, the only warrior with skills that match his.
27
The duel lasts 3 years without anyone winning. So, in order to end Dances
things, Aliguyon decides to marry Pumbakhayon‟s sister, thus unifying Most Philippine dances were originally patterned after European
their tribes. dances during the Spanish regime. Pandango Sa Ilaw, Cariñosa,
Rigodon and Balitao are examples of these dances Filipinos are known
Ilokano Epic Poetry: Lam-ang – This tale follows the unusual life of a for. Aside from these western-influenced dances, ethnic-created dances
boy who could talk and right after he was born. At nine months old, he such as Tinikling made its way to nationwide recognition. Despite its
embarked on a journey to avenge his father‟s death, accompanied by apparent adaptation to western dances, still Filipinos pay tribute to
his pets, a rooster and a dog. In one of his adventures, he is eaten by a their cultural roots. Every district in the islands has its own folk dance,
sea monster but comes back to life. interpreted attractively in festivals and local shows, which have added
to the country‟s reputed contribution to world‟s illustration of traditional
He then goes on a quest to win the heart of the famed beauty, Ines arts.
Kannoyan. When he arrives, Ines‟ house is filled with suitors. But with
the help of his pet rooster who knocks the whole house down and builds The following are examples of popular Philippine folk dances :
it up again with a flap of his wings, he eventually wins her heart.
Binasuan - Originated in Pangasinan Province “meaning with the use
of drinking glasses”, this vibrant dance basically shows off balancing
skill of the performers. Glasses filled with rice wine are placed on the
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head and on each hand carefully maneuvered with graceful
movements. This dance is common in weddings, fiestas and special
occasions.
Rigodon - Originated from Spain, this dance is commonly performed
at formal affairs like inaugural balls where prominent members of the
government participate and enjoy.

Pandango Sa Ilaw
Pandanggo sa Ilaw - The word pandanggo comes from the Spanish
Sublian - The term “subli” is from two tagalog words “subsub” meaning
dance “fandango”characterized with lively steps and clapping while
falling on head and “bali”, which means broken. Hence, the dancers
following a varying ¾ beat. Pandanggo requires excellent balancing
appear to be lame and crooked throughout the dance. This version is
skill to maintain the stability of three tinggoy, or oil lamps, placed on
originally a ritual dance of the natives of Bauan, Batangas, which is
head and at the back of each hand. This famous dance of grace and
shown during fiestas as a ceremonial worship dance to the town‟s icon,
balance originated from Lubang Island, Mindoro.
the holy cross.
Kuratsa - Commonly performed during festivals in Bohol and other
Visayan towns, this dance portrays a young playful couple‟s attempt to
get each other‟s attention. It is performed in a moderate waltz style.
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Itik-itik - According to history of this dance, a young woman named ground and struck together in time to music. Originated from Leyte
Kanang (short for Cayetana) happened to be the best performer in the Province, this dance is in fact a mimic movement of “tikling birds”
province of Surigao del Norte. At one baptismal reception, she was hopping over trees, grass stems or over bamboo traps set by farmers.
asked to dance the Sibay, and began improvising her steps in the Dancers perform this dance with remarkable grace and speed jumping
middle of her performance imitating the movements of an “itik”, a duck, between bamboo poles.
as it walks with choppy steps and splashes water on its back while Maglalatik - Originally performed in Binan, Laguna as a mock-war
attracting its mate. Because of its unusual steps and fascinating dance that demonstrates a fight between the Moros and the Christians
interpretation, the audience began imitating her. over the prized latik or coconut meat during the Spanish rule, this dance
is also shown to pay tribute to the town‟s patron saint, San Isidro
Labrador. It has a four-part performance such as the palipasan and
the baligtaran showing the intense battle, the paseo and the
escaramusa- the reconciliation. Moro dancers wear read trousers while
the Christian dancers show up in blue. All dancers are male; with
harnesses of coconut shells attached on their chests, backs, thighs and
Tinikling - Tinikling is considered the national folkdance with a pair of hips.
dancers hopping between two bamboo poles held just above the
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Cariñosa - Cariñosa is a word that describes an affectionate, friendly
and lovable woman. This dance is performed in flirtatious manner with
fans and handkerchiefs to assist the dancers‟ hide-and-seek movements.
Maglalatik
Maria Clara - Maria Clara is the main female character in Jose Rizal‟s
Noli Me Tangere -a literary piece that features the colonial situation of
the Filipinos during the Spanish regime. She was characterized as a LaJota Manileño
Filipina woman of virtue and nobility. This dance is a mix of Spanish La Jota Manileña - It is a dance named after the capital city of the
gracefulness and customized native props, such as bamboo castanets Philippines, Manila, where an adaptation of Castilian Jota afloats with
and Asian fan. Female dancers wear Maria Clara dress that typifies the clacking of bamboo castanets played by the dancers themselves.
the European style, while men are in barong tagalog, a traditional The costume and the graceful movements of the performers noticeably
Filipino embroidered long-sleeve shirt made of pineapple fiber. inspired by Spanish Culture.
Sakuting - Originated in Abra, this dance interprets a mock fight
between Ilokano Christians and non- Christians with training sticks as

31
props. It is traditionally performed during Christmas at the town plaza respectively. The dance starts when each of them are given a piece of
or from house-to-house as a caroling show. As a return, the dancers cloth known as "ayob" or "allap".
receive presents or money locally known as “aguinaldo”. Palok - Kalinga, Cordillera - A tribal dance. The natives of Kalinga
Pantomina - Meaning "Dance of the Doves", this dance is the highlight perform this dance in most of their social events. Male dancers hold
of Sorsogon‟s Kasanggayahan Festival every third week of October. gangsa or gong- a percussion instrument made of copper, and beat it
Groups of participants, mainly elderly in colourful costumes, dance to with wooden stick.
the tune of Pantomina song. It is a courtship dance originated from Lumagen - Kalinga, Cordillera A tribal dance. This is a traditional
immitating the courtship and lovemaking of doves that then showed thanksgiving dance by the Kalinga tribe performed to celebrate good
during the dance where men attempt to please the women. harvest and events such as birth of first-born child, victory in battles
Other Philippine Ethnic Dances : and weddings.
Banog - Cordillera In this dance, performers portray hunters shielding Idudu- Abra, Cordillera A tribal dance. This dance stages a common
their chickens from the famishing hawk. The hawk ends up entrapped family life in the Itneg or Tinguian society. It illustrates the family as the
and dies in the hands of hunters. main foundation of the tribe‟s community. Several traits of an ordinary
Salisid - Kalinga, Cordillera This is a courtship dance that symbolizes a family are shown. It depicts a father plowing the field while the mother
rooster trying to attract the attention of a hen. This is performed and caring for the children. But as soon as the father finishes work, the
portrayed by both male and female dancers as the rooster and hen mother takes over on planting, sowing and all the remaining chores to
do in the field. At this time the father is left to take care of the kids.
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During the dance a Local singer breaks into an Idudu or lullaby to put Malakas at maganda - Leyte A Tribal dance. This dance depicts the
the baby to sleep. Idudu, a dance taken from Idudu lullaby, obviously birth of the first man and woman who came out of a bamboo tree. It
portrays the different roles in a Tinguian family has been said that the woman named “maganda” (beautiful) and the
Dinuyya - Cordillera Ifugao dance Famous in the Ifugao region, this first man “malakas” (strong) are the parents of the whole community in
dance is regularly staged during festivals in Lagawe. Three kinds of the island. The dance demonstrates how a bird discovered the noise
gong instruments such as, ordinary gongs, tobtob- a brass gong played coming from the inside of the bamboo and perched until it opened. A
by beating with open palms and, hibat, a kind of gong played by man and a woman came out of the big bamboo tree and, the birth of
beating the inner surface with a softwood are used in this dance. this legendary couple is amusingly interpreted in this dance.
Bendayan - Benguet This dance, which is more known as Bendian, is Burung-Talo - Sulu The dance is a unique fighting dance in a form of
performed to commemorate the arrival of headhunters in their district. martial arts by the Tausug tribe. Performers demonstrate a battle
Performers dance in a circle and show off their lively traditional steps. between hawk and a cat. With their acrobatic movements and tough
Binaylan - Agusan This is a ritual dance, which originated from the facial expressions, this dance is highlighted with the accompanying
Bagobo tribe living in the central uplands of Mindanao, imitating the energetic beat of drums and gongs.
movements of a hen, her banog or baby chicks, and a hawk. The hawk Kadal-Blelah- South Cotabato A tribal dance where in the dancers
is sacred and is believed that it has the power over the well being of perform simulation of movements of birds.
the tribe. The hawk tries to capture one of the baby chicks and is killed
by the hunters.
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Kadal Tahaw - Tiboli dance- south cotabato a tribal dance performed lively strike their karatong instruments ; creating a scene of joy among
by Tiboli tribe, this dance that mimics the hopping and flying behavior reveling towns folk.
of Tahaw bird is performed to celebrate good harvest. Dugso - Bukidnon A thanksgiving dance from the talaindig tribe.
Sayaw sa Cuyo - Palawan Cuyo is a small island and capital of Gayong-gayong - Capiz -A Muslim dance. In rural gatherings, this
Palawan. There, the feast day of St. Augustin is traditionally dance offers much fun. Gayong is a pet name for Leodegario.
celebrated with parades, processions and small performances by According to the legend and to the words of the song, Gayong and
groups coming from all over Cuyo Island and the nearby islets. Island Masiong (pet name for Dalmacio) once attended a feast
dances, blended with strong Old Cuyo ethnicity and Spanish-influenced commemorating the death of a townsman. While eating, Masiong
steps, are all brought out when Cuyo celebrates its festivals. Today, choked on a piece of Adobo so he called, "Gayong ! Gayong !" to ask
pretty young girls daintily swirl hats to the waltz and other European for help to dislodge a bone from the Adobo meal from his throat. In this
steps designed to bring out the freshness and glow of the performers. dance, Masiong‟s liking for feasts and the consequence of his gluttony
Karatong - Palawan A Muslim dance. During the festival of San are held up to playful ridicule.
Agustine in the island of Cuyo, the celebration also includes the Kapa Malong-Malong - Cotabato A Muslim dance. This Maranao
blossoming of mango trees. The parade starts from the church patio dance is performed with women wearing malong and shawl, mantle or
and ends at the town plaza with ladies waving their colorful props head piece, whereas men wear sash or waist band, shorts or bahag
“Bunga mangga” that symbolize the flowers of mango tree, while men and head gear or turban traditionally worn in the fields.
34
Pagapir - Lanao del Sur This dance is usually performed to commence While the oral and thus changeable aspect of folk literature is an
an important affair. Dancers of this dance are usually from the royal important defining characteristic, much of this oral tradition had been
court or high society group of Lanao Province. They use apir or fan to written into a print format.
coordinate with their small steps called kini-kini, which symbolizes their
good manners and prominent family background.
Pangalay- Zamboanga Del Sur A muslim dance. Originally performed
by wealthy families during a wedding celebration, this fingernail dance
is now a popular festival dance in Sulu.
Legends
Philippine legends and mythology are derived from Philippine folk
literature, which is the traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. To point out that folklore in a written form can still be considered
folklore, it should be pointed out that all the examples of folk literature
This refers to a wide range of material due to the ethnic mix of the cited in this article are taken from print, rather than oral sources.
Philippines. Each unique ethnic group has its own stories and myths to Philippine legends, mythology and folklore include a collection of tales
tell. and superstitions about magical creatures and entities. Some Filipinos,
35
even though heavily westernized and Christianized, still believe in such Folk narratives can either be in prose: the myth, the alamat (legend),
entities. and the kuwentong bayan (folktale), or in verse, as in the case of the
folk epic.
The prevalence of belief in the figures of Philippine mythology is strong Folk speech includes the bugtong (riddle) and the salawikain
in the provinces. (proverbs).
Because the country has many islands and is inhabited by different Folk songs that can be sub-classified into those that tell a story (folk
ethnic groups, Philippine legends, mythology and superstitions are very ballads) are a relative rarity in Philippine folk literature. These form
diverse. However, certain similarities exist among these groups, such as the bulk of the Philippines' rich heritage of folk songs.
the belief in Heaven, Hell and the human soul.
The stories of ancient Philippine legends and mythology include deities,
University of the Philippines professor, Damiana Eugenio, classified creation stories, mythical creatures, and beliefs. Ancient Philippine
Philippine Folk Literature into three major groups: folk narratives, folk mythology varies among the many indigenous tribes of the Philippines.
speech, and folk songs. Some groups during the pre-Spanish conquest era believed in a single
Supreme Being who created the world and everything in it, while others
chose to worship a multitude of tree and forest deities (diwatas).
36
Filipinos also believed in mythological creatures. Below are some of the Foods
gods and goddesses of the various ancient Philippine tribes: The location of the Philippines astride the great sea routes to Asia has
The Aswang (monster) is one the most famous of these Philippine resulted in varied foreign influence in its history and culture. The
mythological creatures. The aswang is a ghoul or vampire, an eater of Filipinos are basically Malays . However, more than 300 years of
the dead, and a werewolf. Spanish colonization, half a century of American tutelage, the many
Filipinos also believed in the Dila (The Tongue), a spirit that passes years of visit from Chinese traders and Hindu merchants have left their
through the bamboo flooring of provincial houses, then licks certain mark on the island.
humans to death.
Filipino cooking reflects this cultural combination. The result is an exotic
Philippine legends and mythology also have fairies, dwarfs, Kapre (a blend that is characteristically unique though the variety of regional
tree-residing giant), Manananggal (a self-segmenter), witches, spirit- dishes is never ending source of gourmet surprises.
summoners, goblins (Nuno sa Punso), ghosts (Multo), fireballs (Santelmo),
mermaids (Sirena), mermen (Siyokoy), demon-horses (Tikbalang), Hantu Cooking styles and seasoning also vary from region to region although
Demon and demon-infants (Tiyanak). all the basic cooking methods such as boiling, roasting, frying, steaming
and sauteing are used. The use of heavy sauce is not a traditional
Filipino style of cooking but can be traced directly to Spanish influence.
37
Some of these heavy thick sauces are however reserve for town fiesta, BACHOY/BATSOY
Christmas and other special occasion. A meat dish consisting of liver, kidneys, heart and tenderloin sautéed in
onions, garlic and ginger. Seasoned with salt or “patis” (fish sauce) and
Today, there are millions of Filipinos living all over the world, but simmered with additional stock. Garnished with fresh green onions .
despite their easy adaptable to their new environment they still have Famous La Paz Batchoy or Iloilo.
retained their tail for Filipino food. BULANGLANG
This hub is a descriptive guide to the different and popular dishes in the Broiled or smoked fish with assorted vegetables, seasoned with
Philippines. bagoong alamang and boiled with enough liquid for broth.
ADOBO
A meat dish prepared by marinating pieces of beef, chicken pork or a
mixture of meat in vinegar, crushed garlic, spices and soy sauce. The
mixture is simmered until meat is tender and finally allowed to brown in
its own fat.
Fleshy fish may be cooked into adobo. Vegetables can also be cooked
in this style such as Adobong sitao/sitaw or adobong kangkong.
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ASADO CAMARON
Meat dish simmered in soy sauce, bay leaves , onions, tomatoes and “Camaron Rebosado" is shrimp dipped in flour-egg batter, fried and
peppercorn. served with catsup/ tomato sauce or a sweet-sour sauce.
DININDING
Philippine dish of assorted vegetables seasoned with fish or shrimp
“bagoong" boiled with enough liquid (usually rice washing) for broth.
DINUGUAN
Prepared by sauteing internal organs (variety of meats) then simmered
in a vinegar mixture with seasonings, especially hot peppers.
Coagulated blood is added with stirring. Cooking is continued for
about few minutes. LAKSA
CALDERETA Filipino word meaning “ten thousand” refers to a dish containing a wide
Meat dish usually goat meat, sauteed in lard, garlic, onions, potatoes, assortment of vegetables, shrimps pork and sotanghon.
peas bell pepper and seasonings. Stock is reduced before liver paste is LECHON/LITSON
added as a thickener. Suckling / young pig roasted on long bamboo poles over live coals.
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LUMPIA /EGGROLLS EMBUTIDO
Meat fish or vegetables mixture rolled in thin wrappers made from A traditional Filipino style meatloaf, wrapped in an aluminum foil and
flour and water. Maybe fresh or fried nd served with sauce. steamed.
MECHADO GUINATAAN/ GINATAN
Meat dish usually beef, sliced about 1/ 4 inch thick with fat strips Dish cooked in coconut milk.
inserted lengthwise and rolled. Surface of the meat roll is browned by INABRAW
pan frying before simmering it in stock with vinegar and seasoning A typical recipe of the Ilocos region consisting of broiled pork boiled in
added. The stock is boiled down in a thick sauce. rice washing. It is seasoned with bagoong. Patani and string beans are
NILAGA also added and are cooked until done.
Boiled or stewed- Nilagang Baboy or Baka (Stewed Pork or Beef) is INIHAW - local term for roasting.
meat stew with vegetables added such as potatoes, plantain bananas KARI-KARI / KARE-KARE
(saging na saba), cabbage, Chinese cabbage and some peppercorns. Philippine meat-vegetables dish Shanks or oxtail are boiled until meat
ESTOFADO is tender, then sautéed in garlic with banana bud, stringbrings,
Deep fat-fried pieces of meat usually tongue, chicken or pork are eggplant, ground peanuts and toasted brown rice to thicken the sauce.
cooked in vinegar, salt, sugar, water and spices until tender. Garnished Served with sauted bagoong.
with fried potatoes.
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KILAWIN
Popular dish among the Ilocos region, consisting of internal organs such
as heart, tripe and sauteed in garlic and onion. It is seasoned with salt,
pepper and vinegar and cooked.
KINILAW
Fresh shrimps marinated in nipa palm vinegar,chili and onion slices. In
Samar or Leyte Philippines fleshy fish is used. PINAPAITAN
KINUKOT A meat dish usually goat, popular in the Ilocos region. Its bitter flavor is
A Bicol pork dish cooked with santol, bagoong hot pepper and coconut due to a few drops of bile or the half-digested contents of the first
milk. portion of the small intestines.
PESA
Meat or fish simmered with crushed fresh ginger The vegetables often
added are cabage, scallions, chinese cabbage and leeks.
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POCHERO PINANGAT
Filipino meat dish similar to the Spanish cocido. Made of beef, pork A method of cooking fish with salt and a little oil allowing it to dry over
chicken or a mixture,chorizo de bilbao and vegetables. Usually served low heat.
with squash or eggplant sauce spiced with minced garlic and vinegar.
PAELLA
Rice prepared with meat, shellfish, sausages and variety of seasonings,
the primary ones being garlic and saffron. It is cooked in deep pot and
the ingredients are added as cooking progresses.
PAKSIW- local term for pickling fish or meat.
PINAKBET Different Kinds of Pansit/Pancit
Means wrinkled in Ilocano dialect. The Ilocano way is cooking PANSIT/ PANCIT - NOODLE DISH
bittemelon and eggplant in just enough water to cooked by steam. Commonly used noodles in the Philippines are:
Tomatoes, bagoong-dilis with or without pork or fish are added.  Canton -noodles made from flour‟s ducks eggs salt, soda and
Ginger is optional. vegetable oil. Cooked by sauteing in small amount of lard or cooking
oil, minced garlic, sliced onions, slivers of meat and shrimps. The
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noodles are added and when partially cooked vegetables are added.
(usually cabbage, sweet peas pods, green onions.) Maybe garnished
with slices of ham and chicken and served with lemon.
 Pansit Luglog– rice noodles are dipped in boiling water until cooked
(luglog means to dip or soak). The noodles are drained well placed on
a serving dished topped with Palabok.
 Palabok-local term for garnishing. In pancit palabok the starch
thickened sauce colored with achuete and the flaked tinapa, pork
TINOLA
crackling oysters, squid, pork cracklings, oysters, squid,hard cooked
Chicken or fish dish prepared by sautéing garlic, onion and ginger with
eggs, tokwa (tofu), green onions sliced shrimps are the garnishing.
meat and fish. Water is added and the mixture allowed to simmer with
Pancit luglog and pancit palabok are essentially same dish the only
the vegetables usually chili leaves green papaya, or chokos until done.
difference is the kind of noodles used.
UKOY
 Pancit Bihon - uses very thin rice noodles.
Philippine fritter made of flour batter and shrimps, grated vegetables
PANSIT or PANCIT
can be pumpkin, sweet potatoes and strips of onions served with
vinegar and minced garlic.
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SINIGANG
Philippine soupy meat or fish with vegetables added such
as taro, okra, water spicnach, eggplants, string beans. It is different
from nilaga and pesa due to its acid ingredients like tamarind, kamias,
tomato and green mangoes
SUAM/ SUWAM
Fish is sautéed in ginger, onion and garlic, then rice water is added
and cooking is continued; chili leaves are added last.
1.6. Conceptual Framework
The Philippine culture may be divided into two classifications: intangible Figure 1.1. Research Paradigm
(untoucheable; can‟t be kept) which can be characterized by dances, songs, centers, cultural centers (such as CCP and Folk Arts Theater), etc which may be
festivals/fiestas, oral traditions, epics, legends, chants, myths, and the like and; an attraction for cultural tourism that helps promote and preserve the
tangible (toucheable; can be kept) which are paintings, artifacts, sculptures, Philippine Culture through Architecture and Anthropology. How about the
architectural structures, photography, costumes, alibata, literature and the like. intangible properties? How can this be kept or is it better to say, how must it
Tangible may also be defined as the evidences of the intangible ones. These be exposed to be preserved to add attraction for Philippine‟s cultural tourism
cultural properties may be kept/ preserved through museums, exhibition to promote and preserve the Philippine culture? The proponent has thought of
44
ways, through Architecture, to do this. Applying the concept of the traditional RESEARCH DESIGN/STRATEGY
museum and giving life to it that will result to a living museum to promote and This research is dealing with the preservation and promotion of culture with
preserve Philippine‟s intangible property through Architecture. the aid of Architecture. With this, information, data and ideas that will be
used in the formulation of conclusion and recommendations will be
1.7. Research Methodology gathered through the descriptive method of research. Through this method,
SYSTEM OF INQUIRY current issues, nature of the study and present conditions will be defined
The Emancipatory system of inquiry will be used by the proponent for this and cleared.
research. The researcher assumes that through this type of system, needed
information that will support the objectives of this research would be TACTICS
gathered efficiently. It is because this system considers multiple realities With the method stated above, a survey/questionnaire method will be
about the study. It allows interaction among the subjects and the researcher conducted with visitors of the site will respond to this. Also, interviews will
and it is free from restrains. Therefore, making it a good system of inquiry be conducted with the people with enough knowledge about the project
that fits the research since the research meets no boundaries in exploring proposal and the research. Most likely, library researches will be done.
the background and the whole nature of the study.
45
1.7.1 Oral Investigation
1.7.1.1. Interview  “The best way of reflecting culture is through the Art.”
NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE & THE  There are new ways or approaches in planning museums
ARTS (NCCA) where the feelings of the visitors are being considered.
The NCCA Intangible Heritage Committee  There is really such thing as „living museum‟. A living museum
(NCCA/ICH) undertakes the inventory of Philippine is a good way to experience culture. There are living
forms of intangible heritage; and the safeguarding museums in the Philippines; one is the Tam-Awan Village in
of these. There are five categories: 1) oral traditions Baguio and the Kalimudan Cultural Village in Davao del
and expressions, 2) performing arts, 3) social Sur.
practices and festive events, 4) knowledge and practices concerning
 Intangible culture is defined in many ways depending on the
nature and the universe, and 5) traditional craftsmanship.
culture but looking at them and analyzing them, there are
common in every definition. You may use UNESCO‟s

On the 15th of August 2011, at 1:30 in the afternoon, the proponent
definition since they may have analyzed the definitions from
went to the NCCA, Office of the Cultural Heritage Department and
there. It may not always be said as: “Tangible materials are
meets up with Mr. Lawrence Salazar, the Project Development Officer
evidence of the intangible materials.”
for an interview. The proponent has learned of the following from Mr.
Salazar:
46
 NCCA are partners with the museums. They offer grants for  It is far from a living museum that uses performing arts. It is
the development or maintenance of the museums. built for performing arts, in partners with the National
“AUTHENTICITY” is not an issue for your project, it‟s just a Museum which caters the tangible materials with scientific
criterion for acquiring financial grants from us and awards basis/ explanations and the visual arts.
depending on objectives of the project. Your project has a  Folk Arts Theater is just part of the CCP Complex.
different objective from Tam-awan and Kalimudan Village-
where authenticity will be an issue. TAGAYTAY CITY TOURISM DEPARTMENT
 There are no agency/ oragnization that have guidelines On the 8th day of August, 2011, at 9:00 in the morning, the proponent
about museums especially for the living museums. had gone to the office of the Tourism Department of the Tagaytay City
Hall. The proponent conducted her interview with the tourism officer of
About the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP): Tagaytay City, Ms. Lanie Diesta. Of course,
 It is built to express society. to have a brief preview of the proposed
 It is built for performances (not necessarily cultural). project, the proponent explained about the
 Why Cultural Center? It has no issue; one way of expressing study.
culture is throught the performing arts.

The proponent then asked about the plans
47
of Tagaytay Government for the tourism industry, since it is the rising the park like as conference hall (but have not succeed because it is too
industry in the city. Ms. Diesta said that, Tagaytay is not actually a far from the main urban core) and as presidential museum (but the
tourist destination but more of a weekend destination. Tagaytay is only artifacts should be replaced from time to time because moisture are
visited for only an overnight trip or some for only a day trip since it is formed and the materials might be damaged); and the proposals for
very near the metro. Ms. Diesta also said that Tagaytay has really no the site such as orchidarium and aviary but are not conducive in the site
self identity since it is known for Taal Volcano and Lake‟s view, known because of the climate and some other considerations. She said yes it is
as the “Little Baguio”. Tagaytay have nothing to call their own and possible, but she thinks, it is too small for the project. Therefore, the
have no destination that people may go to for a field trip, to learn and proponent asked if she has proposals for a possible site for the project.
explore more, and have nothing to visit and go back to the same place And she proposed the bigger park which is the Picnic Grove. She said
for another experience. that the park has no other structure but the restaurants and souvenir
shops inside, but if another attraction would be added, more tourists
The proponent has asked Ms. Diesta if the People‟s Park in the Sky is a will be visiting the place. She suggested, you may also use the two
potential site for the project since the park is not developed anymore parks and connect them for the project.
and has nothing more to offer but the view and Ms. Diesta added to More conversations are not too necessary and haven‟t been mentioned.
this, but it is always foggy in the place that visitors might not see the The most needed are shared above which is summarized and briefed.
beautiful view, no activities to offer the visitors, Ms. Diesta agreed to
this and also she talks more about the activities and programs made in
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DEPARTMENT OF TOURISM (DOT) - The Philippines has an approximate of 17, 176, 000 number of
National national travellers based from the statistics made in January-
On August 15, 2011, the proponent December of 2009 by the Department of Tourism.
conducted an interview with Mrs. Marie
Recarro, the head of the Product Research 1.7.1.2. Questionnaire/ Survey Method
and Development Office of the Department This method is applied in this thesis for the proponent to know how well
of Tourism of the Philippines. The proponent the public know about the Philippine Culture and how interested they
has asked only few questions about the tourism in the Philippines. The are especially the Filipino people this is to support the idea of the
following are the summarized statements made by Ma‟am Marie: proponent that in this generation, the Philippine culture is already
fading and is in need of revitalizing the splendid culture of the
A tourist destination must be near, at least 1-2 hr-ride from main Philippines, also, for the proponent to know about what the respondent
gateways (air and sea ports). think about the site. (See sample Questionnaire on Appendix A).
Cultural Tourism is one of the top priorities of the Department of
Tourism of the Philippines, together with Medical tourism, Eco-Tourism,
and Sports/Adventure Tourism.
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Results and Findings:
QUESTION 1 QUESTION 3
5
NO
QUESTION 1: DO 4
YOU KNOW ABOUT QUESTION 3: HOW
THE TANGIBLE AND 3 WELL DO YOU
INTANGIBLE 2 KNOW ABOUT IT?
YES PROPERTY OF (1-5, 1-LOWEST).
CULTURE? 1
0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60 80
Figure 1.2 Figure 1.4
QUESTION 2 QUESTION 4
5
LIVING MUSEUM
QUESTION 2: HOW
4
MUCH ARE YOU QUESTION 4: HOW
INTERESTED IN THE PERFORMING DO YOU WANT THE
3
PHILIPPINE ARTS CTR. INTANGIBLE
2 CULTURE? (RATE IT CULTURE TO BE
FROM 1-5, 1 BEING EXPO. CTR. PRESERVED?
1
THE LOWEST).
0 20 40 60 0 20 40 60 80
Figure 1.3 Figure 1.5

50
*For questions 1-4, most Filipinos nowadays are not too educated about the *Most of the respondents visited the place for fun and leisure. Therefore, the
culture but know the basic things about it but most of them, especially teen- proponent has concluded that visitors and tourists wanted to have fun, chill, and
respondents are interested in culture and they have different likes of how the relax. How could they, if the facilities they would be seeing are disappointing
tangible cultures must be preserved. and there is a lack of activities to be done in the place.
*The proponent have concluded that most of them, wants these tangible
properties of culture to be preserved through the performing arts center and

QUESTION 6
next is the living museum. This is maybe because, they have known much about
the performing arts center. NO
QUESTION 6: ARE
QUESTION 5 YES
YOU SATISFIED
WITH THE PLACE?
FAMILY
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00
QUESTION 5:
EDUCATION (ABOUT PICNIC
GROVE) WHY HAVE Figure 1.7
YOU COME IN THIS
FUN PLACE? *Most of the reasons that the participants who answered yes is because of the
0 10 20 30 40 view and the climate of Tagaytay. This only means that they do not come to
the picnic grove just because of the facilities and activities they offer.
Figure 1.6
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*Those who have answered no is because they have said that the facilities are
QUESTION 8
not maintained and cleaned.
ATTRACTIVENESS QUESTION 8:
MONEY/BUDGET BEFORE VISITING A
PLACE, WHAT
FAMILY'S… FACTORS DO YOU
QUESTION 7 CLEANLINESS CONSIDER FIRST?
(RATE THEM
TRANSPORTATION
FROM1-5, 1 BEING
NO THE LOWEST).
0 2 4 6
QUESTION 7: DO
YOU STILL WANT TO
YES GO BACK? Figure 1.9
*Based on the preferences of the participants, the first factor that they
0.00 50.00 100.00
consider before going/ visiting the places is the attractiveness, next is
Figure 1.8 cleanliness then, family‟s preference, money/budget and least is the
*Most of the respondents answered yes because of the view and climate, some transportation convenience.
of them said that they will look for changes when they go back.
For those who have answered no, their reasons are because they are
disappointed about the facilities and because of lack of activities in the place.
52
1.7.2. Archival Investigation AMERICA
PHILIPPINE TOURISM a. NORTH AMERICA (Canada, Mexico, United States of America) –
Tourist Arrivals in the Philippines (Arranged by Country) 313, 375 (8.28% Growth Rate)
January-May 2011 b. SOUTH AMERICA (Argentina, Brazil, Columbia, Peru, Venezuela) –
ASIA 1, 635 (7.81% Growth Rate)
a. ASEAN (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) – EUROPE
118,084 (12.16% Growth Rate) a. WESTERN EUROPE (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany,
b. EAST ASIA (China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Taiwan) – Luxembourg, Netherlands, Switzerland) –
609, 211 (17.15% Growth Rate) 66,101 (3.03% Growth Rate)
c. SOUTH ASIA (Bangladesh, India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) – b. NORTHERN EUROPE (Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Sweden,
17, 851 (48.03% Growth Rate) United Kingdom) –
d. MIDDLE EAST (Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi, United 65, 429 (9.18% Growth Rate)
Arab Emirates) – c. SOUTHERN EUROPE (Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain) –
17, 967 (15.31% Growth Rate) 13, 516 (0.96% Growth Rate)
d. EASTERN EUROPE (Commonwealth of Individual States, Russian
Federation, Poland) –
53
9, 935 (26.75% Growth Rate) Tourist Arrivals in Region IV (2009)
e. EASTERN MEDITTERRANEAN (Israel,Turkey) – Foreign – 221, 274
3, 508 (-6.07% Growth Rate) Overseas – 22, 474
Domestic – 2, 715, 659
AUSTRALASIA/ PACIFIC TOTAL – 2, 959, 407
(Australia, Guam, Nauru, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea) – Growth Rate: -26.38%
79, 181 (16.38% Growth Rate)
Tourist Arrival in Cavite
AFRICA Foreign – 771
(Nigeria, South Africa) - Overseas – (-)
1, 269 (24.74%) Domestic – 61, 080
TOTAL – 61, 851
OTHERS (Unspecified Residences) Growth Rate: -5.68%
23, 098 (-2.52% Growth Rate)
OVERSEAS – 96, 575 (-6.82% Growth Rate)
TOTAL: 1, 436, 735 (12.04% Growth Rate)

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Table 1.1 1.7.3. Case Studies
Tourist Arrival in Tagaytay City 1.7.3.1. LOCAL CASE STUDIES
Place People’sPark Picnic Grove TAM-AWAN VILLAGE, BAGUIO
Month/Year 2010 2011 2010 2011
JANUARY 60, 104 71, 544 116, 800 140, 950 Tam-awan
FEBRUARY 47, 805 57, 374 86, 200 98, 800 Village in
MARCH 39, 077 42, 816 60, 600 72, 100 Pinsao
APRIL 59, 159 63, 578 148, 100 115, 200 Proper,
MAY 48, 780 46, 340 88, 600 79, 728 Baguio City
JUNE 30, 405 - 51, 600 43, 217 uniquely
JULY 26, 277 - 40, 800 - blends indigenous aesthetics and exquisite
AUGUST 35,577 - 61, 900 - Cordilleran craftsmanship with an artist‟s concept
SEPTEMBER 37, 830 - 61, 000 - for a village adapting to Baguio setting.
OCTOBER 41, 799 - 70, 400 -

Chanum Foundation, Inc., founded in 1998, began to
NOVEMBER 43, 956 - 74, 700 -
reconstruct Ifugao houses in Baguio with the view of making a
DECEMBER 60, 411 - 125, 200 -
model village accessible to people who have not had the
55
chance to travel to the Cordillera interior. On a land near an
abundant spring, the foundation started out with three The Kalinga house is more spacious and is made with the
knocked-down huts transported from same hand-hewn pinewood. The binayon is the traditional
Bangaan, Ifugao. Tam-awan village now octagonal house of Southern Kalinga Province and Tam-
has seven Ifugao huts and two Kalinga awan Village is proud to present one the three remaining
houses. Using the original materials and such houses in the country today.
adding only new cogon roofs, traditional
artisans reconstructed the houses and laid them out The huts in Tam-awan Village are named after the areas
resembling the design of a traditional Cordillera Village. where they come from. From Ifugao, we have the Bangaan
Hut, Anaba Hut, Batad Hut, Dukligan Hut, Kinakin Hut, and
An Ifugao house is compact and though deceptively simple, Nagor Hut. Our Kalinga huts are from Luccong and Bugnay.
its architecture is quite sophisticated. Built by clever mortise Except for Bugnay Hut, which serves as one of the village‟s
makers without nails or hardware, it exemplifies the galleries, lodgers are accepted in these huts.
exactness of Ifugao construction. With the heavy hand-hewn
timber elevated to about shoulder height by four posts In keeping with the spirit in which the village was originally
usually made of hard wood, the house, with periodic re- conceived, Tam-awan Village has become a venue for art
roofing, can last several generations. exhibits and workshops envisioned to foster a deeper
56
understanding, respect and pride in the cultural heritage of do practice the
the Cordillera people. culture everyday
Tam-awan Village is an and the
experience in itself. By living in foundation can‟t
the huts, guests get an answer it
opportunity to immerse in an because it was really not since they just brought the houses
atmosphere that allows them to into a place to create a village.
get a glimpse of village life.
On a clear day, a magnificent KALIMUDAN CULTURAL VILLAGE, DAVAO DEL SUR
China Sea sunset can be viewed from Tam-awan Village,
being true to its name as Tam-awan, that is, vantage point. The Kalimudan Cultural Village
Even though Tam-awan village is a good example of a living at Barangay Tibolo, Sta. Cruz,
museum, it hasn‟t been granted by the National Commission Davao del Sur, best represents
for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) with awards for its the genuine desire of the
development because of the authenticity of the village. Bagobo tribe in unifying their
During the interview of Chanum Foundation with the NCCA, people and preserving their
the NCCA asked the foundation if the community living there culture.
57
This desire has become so moving that it has built a growing Visitors flock to this village because of the welcoming tribal
tribal village with landscapes and “lifescapes” of the ancestral people who share with them their authentic traditions and
homeland of the indigenous peoples. practices.
Eight simple indigenous structures are built to accommodate A common food served to guests is “lyurot” or “lotlot,” native
visitors who wish to immerse in the community. For just P50 per food cooked in bamboo. Guests crave for more of the tasty
day per person, one can spend the day with the Bagobo chicken tenderized in its own juices and steamed inside a
people and safely sleep in a house similar to theirs. bamboo.
A long house, built for special activities of the “lumads” like Bagobos show craftsmanship with the way they make tribal
assemblies, weddings, meetings, has become a favorite accessories and clothing. One could easily think of discipline
convention area for and patience with the intricacy of their designs. Vibrant colors
corporate activities chosen and used in their products reveal a passionate and fun-
like seminars and loving Bagobo.
workshops.
58
Aside from farming, this tribe has also appreciated the value of Village. Known as Volun-Tourism for cultural survival, this
economics as they create other jobs from every opportunity that package promotes learning experiences for both the traveling
come their way. tourists and the local communities. It ensures that both parties
are mutually benefited from such cultural exchange.
With the establishment of the tribal village, Bagobos offer to
cook ethnic food for the visitors for a reasonable fee. From this One option offered is the 3-day immersion known as the Native
experience, visitors get to taste native delicacies and at the Tribe Cultural Journey. This package facilitates a quick cultural
same time help the tribe earn from this particular skill. orientation to volunteer-tourists on the landscapes of upland
dwellers. Other options include a Cultural Exchange intended
As visitors leave the village, they bring with them a complete for six days and a Cultural Exposure for 12 days. These
experience from deep appreciation on traditional architecture, packages are open all-year round for small and large group
to authentic Bagobo food, to language learning, and tours.
acceptance of the distinct and unique culture of the Bagobo
tribe. This cultural village is also considered as an authentic living
musuem and is granted with funds from NCCA to develop and
To support this cultural village, the Department of Tourism (DOT) maintain the village to preserve their culture in Davao. The
has offered tourists immersion packages in the Tibolo Cultural

59
village is a group of dwellings from the members of the tribe The CCP is attached to
which their culture is still preserved and practiced everyday. the Office of the
President and is under the
THE CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES umbrella of the National
Commission for Culture
and the Arts for policy
and program coordination.
Performing companies representing dance, music and theater
reside within the CCP. It has four resident dance companies:
Ballet Philippines, Philippine Ballet Theatre, the Ramon Obusan
Folkloric Group, and the Bayanihan Philippine National Folk
Dance Company.
Tanghalang Pilipino
is the CCP's resident
theater company
while music is
60
represented by the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra, the UST Alliance and the International Theater Institute. Through
Symphony Orchestra, the Philippine Madrigal Singers and the exchange programs with these organizations and with other
National Music Competitions for Young Artists Foundation institutions, Filipinos have been able to glimpse the beauty of
(NAMCYA). different cultures from various countries, withnessing many a
triumphant performance from highly-acclaimed artists all over
The CCP also covers the mass media as well as the literary and the world.
visual arts, encouraging the growth of aspiring artists in these
fields through numerous workshops, seminars, anthologies, The CCP continues to nurture and promote artistic excellence,
exhibits, symposia as well as competitions and awards. Filipino aesthetics and identity, and cultural values towards a
humanistic global society. With the CCP Business and Master
Through its Cultural Exchange Program, the CCP supports the Development Plan now being implemented, the CCP complex is
growth and development of arts councils all over the country poised to truly becoming a mecca for arts and culture in Asia.
through relevant workshops and seminars. In addition, the CCP
has also established ties with various international organizations The Cultural Center of the Philippines nurtures and promotes
such as the Association of Asia Pacific Performing Arts Center, artistic excellence, Filipino aesthetics and identity, and positive
the Conseil International des Organisations de Festivals de cultural values towards a humanistic global society.
Folklore et d'Arts Traditionnels (CIOFF), the World Dance

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CCP offers services like Art Collection, Building Tour, Costume The National Museum has a three-dimensional goal covering diverse of
Rental, Library, Theater Operations and, Theater Operations fields of knowledge through various educational, scientific and cultural
Consultancy. activities. As an educational institution, the National Museum
disseminates scientific and technical knowledge in more understandable
NATIONAL MUSEUM and practical forms through lectures, exhibitions, interviews and
publications for students and the general public.
As a scientific institution, the National Museum conducts basic research
programs combining integrated laboratory and field work in
anthropology and archaeology, botany, geology, and zoology. It
maintains reference collections on these disciplines and promotes
scientific development in the Philippines.
As a cultural center, the National Museum takes the lead in the study
Philippine National Museum‟s Mandate and Objectives
and preservation of the nation's rich artistic, historical and cultural
Educational, scientific, and cultural activities in diverse fields of study
heritage in the reconstruction and rebuilding of our nation's past and
veneration of the great pioneers who helped in building our nation.

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Philippine National Museum‟s Vision and Mission natural history specimens of the Philippine, from the historic times to the
Protecting, preserving and disseminating the legacy of the Filipino people present, albeit the diversity of their cultural origins.
The existence of the National Museum is anchored on the basic Museums & Branches
philosophy that the Filipino nation is kept unified by a deep sense of National Art Gallery; Museum of the Filipino People;
pride in its own identity, cultural heritage and nature patrimony. The The building was originally designed as the public library by Ralph
national identity of the Filipino must be developed and enhanced, while Harrington Doane, the American consulting architect of the Bureau of
imbibing the spirit of nationalism and strong commitment in the Public Works, and his assistant Antonio Toledo. Construction began in
protection and dissemination of its legacy. 1918 but was suspended several times because of lack of funds. When
it was decided that the building should be used by the Legislature, the
The National Museum is envisioned as the premier institution and revisions of the plans was entrusted to Juan Arellano, then supervising
repository of our heritage, and as an exciting, informative, and architect of the Bureau. The building was inaugurated on 16 July 1926,
enjoyable place to visit – a place that inspires people to learn from our and by then had cost four million pesos.
traditions so as to help shape a better future.
The building was part of Daniel Burnham's plan for the development of
The National Museum is also dedicated to the mission of collecting, Manila. Upon its completion, the second, third, and fourth floors were
preserving, studying, interpreting and exhibiting the cultural and occupied by the Senate and House of Representatives while the ground
floor was occupied by the National Library.

63
The 1934 Constitutional Convention was held in this building. On its The project was presented to the former First Lady Mrs. Imelda R.
front steps Manuel L. Quezon was sworn in as President of the Marcos, then the Chairman of the National Parks and Development
Commonwealth. The Legislative Building was a casualty during the Committee (NPDC). As one of her priority projects, Mrs. Marcos
bombing and shelling of Manila in 1945. It was reconstructed in 1946 requested the Department of Public Works and Highways to prepare
following the original plans but with some revisions, such as the the Planetarium in one month time and allocate the funds for the
replacement of flat pilasters of the stately rounded engaged columns. construction.
In mid-1996, the Senate of the Philippines moved out of the building. In
2003, renovation started to transform it into National Art Gallery of Construction of the building started in 1974 and took nine months to
the national Museum. finish it. It was formally inaugurated on October 8, 1975. The
Planetarium is located between the Reading Center and Chinese
Planetarium Garden at the Luneta Park.
The idea of putting up a modern Planetarium in Manila was conceived
in 1970‟s by the former National Museum Director Godofredo Alcasid Affirming its establishment was Presidential Decree No. 804-A that was
Sr. with the assistance of Mr. Maximo P. Sacro, Jr. of the Philippine issued on September 30, 1975. The Planetarium‟s primary function is to
Weather bureau (now PAGASA) and one of the founders of the disseminate astronomical information through planetarium shows,
Philippine Astronomical Society (PAS). lectures, demonstrations, exhibits and actual celestial observations. The
unique feature of the Planetarium is the true-to-life showing of

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astronomical bodies that captures the interest and tickles the and Edwardian life is told by their costumed staff and
imagination of viewers. The Planetarium main apparatus, the GM-15 volunteers in a unique living and working museum. Most of th
Goto Planetarium Projector was acquired through the Japanese ehouses, shops and other buildings have been dismantled,
Reparation Program in the Philippines. brought to Beamish and rebuilt in the place.
The staff work with real collections and demonstrate what life
Through the years, improvements have been made in the Planetarium was like in the past. This allows you to experience what life
building through the efforts of its former Director Gabriel Casal and would have been like first hand.
presently Director Corazon S. Alvina. Beamish has been recreating the past for four decades and has
preserved the region‟s heritage by collecting and reconstructing
1.7.3.2. FOREIGN CASE STUDIES buildings.
BEAMISH: THE LIVING MUSEUM IN THE NORTH Beamish collects stories from the people in the North East
Beamish is a world famous England and their photographs, recordings and
open air museum telling the objects, and uses such collections to create the
story of the people of things that they see on the site, as well as
North East England. The allowing them to look back and share their past
story of Georgian, Victorian with the visitors and the region.
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1.8. Scope & Limitations Of The Study And Project building, the commercial building, the recreational park and the accessories
THE STUDY such as parking spaces and walkways only.
This thesis book will focus on the promotion and preservation of the Philippine‟s
Intangible Property. Researches will be conducted on the chosen site and on 1.9. Definition of Terms
related structures. Respondents for interviews, surveys and questionnaires will  CULTURE – n
be chosen randomly including organizations and groups concerning cultural the total of the inherited ideas, beliefs, values, and
tourism and Philippine Culture conservation (such as NCCA and DOT), students, knowledge, which constitute the shared bases of social action
tourists (foreign/local) and ordinary people. The research will be conducted on the artistic and social pursuits, expression, and tastes valued
a limited span of time; therefore, the information that will be gathered must be by a society or class, as in the arts, manners, dress, etc
more precise and specific for the better understanding and analysis of the - Traditions; way of life; customs
topic. o TANGIBLE PROPERTY – touchable;
 The material aspect in culture

THE PROJECT o INTANGIBLE PROPERTY – untouchable;
The project will include designs from site development plan of the structure to  may cover distinctive forms and phenomena of
architectural plans of buildings proposed up to the designs of facades of intellectual creativity being transmitted by tradition or in
structures. This includes the main building (center of activities), administration any other way, and particularly
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- Language, dialects, tongues, toponymics, and  MUSEUM - an institutional establishment where a collection of valuable
traditional literature of all kinds objects and artifacts on history and culture, arts and sciences are put on
- Folk creativity in the fields of music, dance, tradition, exhibition for the general public
games, rituals, customs, as well as other traditional folk  LIVING MUSEUM – a type of museum, in which historical events showing
values, the life in ancient times are performed, especially in ethnographic
- Traditional skills and crafts or historical views, or processes for producing a commercial product in
 PHILIPPINE CULTURE - reflects the complexity of the history of the terms of technical and technological developments are shown,
Philippines through the blending of many diverse especially the craft. It is a type of museum that recreates to the fullest
traditional Malay heritage mixed with Spanish, American and extent conditions of a culture, natural environment or historical period.
other Asian cultures. Sometimes, a drama performing group of historical reenactment of
 TOURISM (PHILIPPINES) – the coming of visitors from other countries in historical scenes in historical buildings is considered as a living museum.
the Philippines and also the visiting of Filipinos from one domestic place  AUTHENTICITY – being real or reliable; also, this is a criteria from
to another. NCCA in acquiring their finanacial grants/ awards.
 CULTURAL TOURISM - describes all tourist trips that include cultural  UNESCO – org. ; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
activities (e.g. the visiting of monuments or sites), as well as experiences Organization; an organization that works to create the conditions for
and interaction with local people.
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dialogue among civilizations, cultures and peoples, based upon respect (NEFCA) -- fund exclusively for the implementation of culture and arts
for commonly shared values programs in line with the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan for
 NCCA – gov. ; Natinal Commission for Culture and the Arts; is the Culture and the Arts.
overall policy making body, coordinating, and grants giving agency  DOT – gov. ; Department of Tourism; shall be the primary government
for the preservation, development and promotion of Philippine arts and agency charged with the responsibility to encourage, promote, and
culture; an executing agency for the policies it formulates; and task to develop tourism as a major socio-economic activity to generate foreign
administering the National Endowment Fund for Culture and the Arts currency and employment and to spread the benefits of tourism to both
the private and public sector.
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CHAPTER 2:
RESEARCH FOCUS
69
Chapter 2 the city – its climate and its green space. Therefore, in designing, the
authorities may also use green space in their designs, either vertical or
Research Focus
horizontal green spaces – both are beneficial to the city’s preservation of
its major attractions.

TOPIC TITLE:
“Sustaining Green Spaces whilst Designing an Enclosed Structure” 2.2. Discussion of Principles
IMPACT OF GREEN SPACES ON AIR POLLUTION

2.1. Rationale (“Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design” by Baruch Givoni”,
1998, USA)
Tagaytay City is currently developing their status in Tourism aiming to be
the top tourist city in the Philippines. To attain this goal, the city is investing The urban air contains a vast number of microscopic particles which serve
in more developments/ infrastructures to be built in the city. That is why, if as nuclei to which the gaseous discharge from automobiles and incomplete
you can observe, there is a numerous construction projects regulating within combustion adhere.
the city. Before, it is not permitted, but because of the city’s goal, the
government has decided to invest in such. Urban green spaces have both a direct and an indirect influence on air
pollution. The direct influence is through the filtration of part of the

But in designing such strcutures, enclosed, space-consuming structures, the pollutants in the air by the vegetation (i.e., dust, gases, soot). The indirect
designers and the government must consider two of the major attractions of influence results from the effect of open spaces, regardless of whether they
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contain vegetation or not, on the ventilation conditions within the city area.  The quantity of dust content usually decreases from the weather
The urban ventilation, in turn, affects the dispersal of pollutants, mainly side to the lee side of the plantation and sometimes the minimum is
those resulting from motor vehicles which are generated along streets near to be found immediately on the lee side, outside of the green area.
the ground. The dust content then rises rapidly, without attaining the maximum
of the weather side.
The filtration capacity of the vegetation increases with an increase in the
leaf coverage per unit area of land. In this respect, the order of efficiency Particles falling on surfaces with no vegetation, under windless conditions,
is as follows: trees, shrubs, grass. In an urban grove of trees, the principal are soon swept away, while in green areas the grass retains the dust. The
filtration is carried out by the first rows of trees upwind. Therefore, for a grass blades jutting out into the air decelerate the flow of air close to the
given total number of trees, it is more efficient to plant them as narrow and lawn, causing particles to drop down. This is so-called “lattice-effect” can
elongated strips of trees over the open area, leaving distances between be increased substantially by large trees with rich foliage, because a
them, rather than to plant them as a single large grove. larger volume of air will be caused to drop its dust.
Hader, in 1970, summarizes the following conclusions of different studies Dense vegetation forming a “wall” perpendicular to the wind leads to an
on the distribution of dust in and out of urban green areas. upward deflection of the air, which is swept over the green obstacle,
 Inside the green area, as well as on wooded land, a diminution of carrying along fine dust and smaller particles, while the larger particles
dust is noticeable. are trapped by the vegetationupon impact. The fine dust sinks down after
the air overcomes the obstacle. This reduces the efficiency of green belts as
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filters, at least in the case of fine dust and particles. Regarding larger dust areas, and they even reduce erosion of soil into our waterways. These are
particles, measurement showed that even the fringes of woods have a just a few of the environmental benefits that green spaces provide.
notable filtering effect.
Urban advantages. More green space within a city’s boundaries can
The effect of trees on the concentration of vehicular air pollution in urban improve the urban environment. Among the green space advantages listed
streets, however, may sometimes be a mixed blessing. The dispersion of the in EcoPlanIT Madison: Green Space Goal (UW-Madison Department of
pollutants depends on the wind speed at the street level and the vertical Urban and Regional Planning) are: helping regulate air quality and
mixing of the polluted air with less-polluted air at higher levels. Dense climate…reducing energy consumption by countering the warming effects
canopies of trees along streets with a high concentration of vehicular air of paved surfaces….recharging groundwater supplies and protecting lakes
pollution. and streams from polluted runoff.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF GREEN SPACES Improved air quality. Trees, shrubs and turf remove smoke, dust and other
(http://www.projectevergreen.com/why-green-matters/environmental- pollutants from the air. One tree can remove 26 pounds of carbon dioxide
benefits/) from the atmosphere annually, equaling 11,000 miles of car emissions. One
study showed that one acre of trees has the ability to remove 13 tons of
Green spaces are a great benefit to our environment. They filter pollutants particles and gases annually. 2,500 square feet of turf absorbs carbon
and dust from the air, they provide shade and lower temperatures in urban dioxide from the atmosphere and releases enough oxygen for a family of
four to breathe.
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Green roofs cool urban hot spots. Led by cities such as Chicago and system these polluting particles do not enter the water system through
Toronto, as well as a number of universities, evidence is mounting that surface run off leading to improvement in water quality. Although
green roofs (i.e. roofs totally or partially covered with vegetation) can green roofs are recognised as playing a positive role in improving air
play an important role in saving energy, reducing the urban heat island quality, this is linked to the positive effect they have on the urban heat
effect and adding more green space to a built environment. island effect. Individual roofs in themselves will not have a great
effect. However a large area of green roofs in specific areas of large
Enviromental Advantages cities or in Air Quality Management Zones would have a noticeable
(by livingroofs.org) effect. Livingroofs.org understands that in the UK, the Greater London
Air Quality Authority's Climate Change Adaptability Team are modeling the urban
Extensive planting within cities is now widely recognised as a means of heat island effect in London to establish areas where action will be
improving air quality. Therefore, green roofs contribute to the required in the future to adapt to climate change. Green roofs will
reduction of a number of polluting air particles and compounds not certainly be a pragmatic and in some cases the only means of
only through the plants themselves, but also by deposition in the adapting the urban fabric in London, especially central London, to
growing medium itself. climate change. As 28 times the size of Richmond Park has the
Plants reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and produce oxygen potential to be retro fitted with green roofs in London, such an area of
Green roofs reduce the heat island effect, which is the main cause of green roofs would have a significant positive impact on the urban heat
ozone production Plant roofs remove heavy metals, airborne particles island effect and resulting in improved air quality.
and volatile organic compounds Being absorbed into the green roof
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Green space There is a need for increased densities in urban residential
The value of green spaces to people living and working in towns and development (30 dwellings per hectare), which could result in
cities has increasingly been recognised by Government. The work of terrestrial green space being reduced or lost. In the urban core the
the Urban Green Spaces Taskforce (Green Spaces, Better Places, provision of green space is usually already severely limited, partly
2002) demonstrated the various benefits that green space provide, through historical circumstances, and more recently very high land
such as ecological function, visually softening the built environment, values; this makes the creation of new green space both important and
supporting biodiversity, aiding people's mental and physical health, difficult. Given the nature and pressures of urban regeneration, the
and providing a communal focus and sense of place. Government has creation of new spaces has to meet a number of interests; these
subsequently launched a raft of new policies, initiatives and funding to generally result in highly formal spaces with little ecological benefit.
promote the good design and management of green spaces. Creating low-maintenance, terrestrial, naturalistic green spaces in the
urban core are not popular; green roofs may provide one solution.
English Nature has published research that suggests that an accessible Green roofs can provide both visually accessible and physically
natural green space should be no more than 300 metres from where accessible green space. Roofs are largely visually 'dead' and
anyone lives in order to meet people's needs for contact with nature. unappealing and their appearance to those overlooking them can be
Evidence suggests that regular direct contact with natural green space softened by vegetation. There are instances where the sole justification
(and elements of the natural world such as birdsong and seasonal of a green roof installation is for visual aesthetics. Areas of green
colour change) is good for people's health. roofs can also provide accessible space for people to enjoy, and some
can be landscaped to extend existing green space, for example at
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Canary Wharf station on the Isle of Dogs, London. Roof gardens and few), and management. The existences of green roofs that provide this
terraces are options for smaller buildings and have some historical function suggest that these issues can usually be easily addressed.
ancestry. The Berlin roof gardens of the 19th century, have been
adopted on similar housing blocks in Britain (for example, Peabody DIFFERENT APPLICATION OF GREEN SPACES
Trust's Balderton Flats in Mayfair) and were one of the inspirations for 1. Green Roof
the first modern green roof in the UK, at Derry & Toms, Kensington, 2. Living Wall
1938, which still serves as a garden, albeit with limited public access. 3. Water Islands
Roof gardens are increasingly being proposed for new office and 4. Vertical Spine of Planting
housing developments. Large areas of accessible green roof space can
be created if the building is large enough, for example above Cannon 2.3. Recommendations for Application
Street Station in the City of London [intensive], and at Chicago City Green building can contribute immensely in mitigating and adapting
Hall [extensive]. More 'extreme' examples include a golf course on a climate change in the Philippines. Green building has been going on
roof in the USA. The key issues that need to be considered in providing around the world, particularly in the US, Europe and Asian countries like
accessible open space are health & safety (the need for a external Singapore but it seems new to Filipinos.
rail or fence), over-looking neighbouring properties (a material
planning consideration), access to and from the roof-space, load- There is a good effect of green spaces in the prevention of air pollution.
bearing (if the proposed numbers of people are to be more than a Since the site is located in Tagaytay City where the climate is very good, it
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must be preserved and this principle is of big help if applied to structure to
be built in the place.
Green roofs are recognised as playing a positive role in improving air
quality, this is linked to the positive effect they have on the urban heat
island effect. These green roofs may be applied in the building not only for
its function which is to improve the air quality in the place but at the same
time, can provide both visually accessible and physically accessible green
spaces.
Extensive planting within cities is now widely recognised as a means of
improving air quality. But since the city of Tagaytay still has a lot of
greeneries (plants, trees, ets), planting is not too necessary. With the new
development that the city offers, green spaces are lessen, therefore, in this
project, the green roofing, to add functional spaces above every structure,
green spaces may be added to improve the quality of air and in the case
of Tagaytay, preserve its good quality.
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77
CHAPTER 3:
ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
77
Chapter 3 a. Scenic views that give the site an environmental character –
this may give the tourists a relaxed and peaceful feeling

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING DATA
like how the Philippines started.
III. A City that needs this type of Structure:
3.1. Site Selection Process a. A tourist destination
3.1.1. Setting the Criteria b. Income Generating structure
GENERAL CRITERIA: c. A landmark for the city or may be in the country
I. Proximity to major gateways (sea and air ports) and highways SUB-CRITERIA:
(DOT Guidelines) 1. The locality and environs including approaches shall be
a. Distance of site from the major highway should be 20-30 pleasant with proper ingress and egress. (DOT Guidelines)
minutes 2. At least 10 Hectares of Land (As needed)
b. Distance of site from the major gateways should be at least a. To contain the facilities needed in the structure
2-3 hours of travel 3. Proximity to existing tourist attractions (within 20-25 km
c. Availability of transportation within and around the area radius) (DOT Guidelines)
d. Proximity to amenities (Maximum 30 minutes) 4. Peace and Order (DOT Guidelines)
II. Environmental quality of the Area (DOT Guidelines) a. Site must be safe for both domestic and foreign tourists
b. Low crime rate
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Archdioces of Lipa, one of the most powerful centres of the Roman
The criteria have been set by considering the type of Catholic Church in the Philippines. According to historians and
structure to be proposed and the possible facilities that may be musicologists, Batangas is also the home of the Kumintang, an
present in the structure. ancient Filipino war song, later evolved to be the Kundiman, the
paramount of Filipino Art Songs. Aside from the Kundiman, the
3.1.2. Description of Site Options province is also the origin of the lively Balitao or Balitaw (though the
GEN. OPTION 1: BATANGAS PROVINCE province of Cebu may argue) and the worship dance Subli. As music
The Province of Batangas is most famous for their production and forms an integral part of Batangas history, Batangueños are
market of the 'Balisong' or Filipino Butterfly knife. Batangas is the frequently heard singing the Huluna (a Tagalog lullabby, so taxing
'Heart of the Tagalog Language' as the dialect of Tagalog spoken because of its lengthy mellismas), the Duplo and Karagatan (a
here closely resembles the Tagalog spoken before the arrival of the debate made by singing), the Pasyon (a narrative of the passion
Spanish. Linguistically Batangueños are also known for their unique and death of Jesus Christ) and many other song forms.
affectation of often placing the particles e or ga (equivalent of
particle ba Filipino), usually as a marker of stress on the sentence, at GEN. OPTION 2: LAGUNA PROVINCE
the end of their spoken sentences or speech; for example: "Ay, oo, Laguna is now “a land of opportunity and enterprise.” It has
e!" ("Aye, yes, indeed!"). Some even prolong the particle 'e' into 'ala eighteen industrial parks, yielding various products that range from
e', though it really has no meaning in itself. Religion also plays an foodstuffs, handicrafts, semi-conductors, home appliances, and
important part in the daily lives of Batangueños, as it is home to the automobiles. Indeed, it is a place for business ventures and
79
investment, endowed with abundant natural wealth and diverse “Laguna de Bay,” where the province got its name “La Provincia de
human talent. la Laguna De Bay” until March 5, 1856 when Regent Queen Maria
Cristina of Spain issued a royal decree that created and classified
Although Laguna has maintained its agricultural lands that generate 19 civil provinces in the Philippines.
ample fruits, grains and vegetables, and awesome sceneries that
draw local and foreign tourists, it is far fetch in contrast to the At the time of Salcedo’s sojourn in the villages by the lake, Laguna
Laguna, Captain Juan de Salcedo discovered when he explored the de Bay and Pasig River was the natives’ expressway to Maynilad
largest freshwater lake in the Philippines and second in Asia, in (Manila). This body of water was also the trading route of Chinese,
August 19, 1571 Laguna de Bay. Thai, and Vietnamese merchants bartering their potteries and other
goods with local products in the 14th and 15th Century.
Salcedo, grandson of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the Philippines’
first Spanish designated governor sailed on the lake through the The natives must have spent several hours or so paddling on the
Pasig River to discover populated communities on its shores. The lake and river water to reach Manila, and the Chinese junks to sail
lake might be nameless then. Tagalogs (literally “Taga-ilog” or from from Manila Bay through the Pasig to reach the villages around the
the riverside) residing on the lakeshore must have referred to the lake. Today, we only need 30 minutes of comfortable travel via the
lake “Lawa,” “Looc” or “Baybay.” The Spaniards called it Laguna, South Luzon Expressway to reach the province once called “La
Spanish for lagoon or lake. Since Salcedo chose to land in Bay, Provincia de la Laguna de Bay.”
(could have been “Baybay” meaning lakeside) he named the lake

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GENERAL OPTION 3: CAVITE PROVINCE story. Some of these sites are sacred and some are commemorating
Long known to battlefields. More importantly, all of these places have contributed
be a a sense of time, identity, and place to our understanding of Cavite
picturesque as a whole.
province,
Cavite is a land Tourism Nodal Points
blessed with a As a premiere tourist destination where variety of attractions and
galore of natural wonders, making it gleaming and a perfect place entertainment facilities are available, Cavite’s four (4) cities
for a memorable eco-holiday. The province boasts some of its most and nineteen (19) municipalities are clustered into three tourism
superb mountains, cave and falls which can truly fascinate its nodal points for the particular interests of visitors belonging to
numerous visitors. Natural wonders in Cavite are mostly found in the different market segments:
upland areas such as Tagaytay Ridge, Cabag Cave in 1. Tagaytay – Upland Area is famous for natural tourist
Maragondon, Balite Falls in Amadeo, Malibiclibic Falls in General attractions and is conducive for meditating, sight-seeing, picnicking,
Aguinaldo-Magallanes border and Mts. Palay-Palay and Mataas and other countryside activities
na Gulod National Park in Ternate and Maragondon. Meanwhile, a 2. Ternate-Corregidor- Naic- Maragondon Area is popularly
number of historical and religious sites are also located in province, attractive because of the presence of world-class beach resorts
which have defined significant events and have illustrated human complementing the area’s historical attractions
creativity and cultural traditions. Each site tells its own distinctive
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3. Kawit-Cavite City Area, Cavite’s focal point for the pieces land area of 13, 455 square meters. It stands on a 4,516
of rich historical legacies the great Caviteño forefathers gave for sq, meters solid ground and overlooks four bodies of water
the birth of Philippine Independence. – Taal Lake, Balayan Bay, Laguna de Bay and Manila Bay.
The site is located on the special conservation area of
OPTION 1: PEOPLE’S PARK IN THE SKY Tagaytay City.
An artful blending of OPTION 2: PICNIC GROVE
natural and man-made attractions, Tagaytay's playground is the
poised on the highest point of popular Picnic Grove. It
Tagaytay City. It is located at features huts line along the
Dapdap West and Dapdap East, gentle slopes of the Tagaytay
Tagaytay City in the Province of Ridge. It is a prime location,
Cavite Southern Tagalog Region/ providing the finest view of the
Region 4-A. It is approximately 6 volcano far below. It is in Barangay Sungay East. It is
to 7 km away from Silang Crossing.It is located at operated by the City Government. It offers facilities for
northeastern part of Tagaytay. It is located on a special picnicking, horseback riding, and skating, swimming,
conservation area based on the land use map/ zoning sightseeing, overnight stay and the now famous zipline and
ordinance of Tagaytay City. The site has an approximate cable car.

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3.1.3. Site Selection and Justification in Batangas. The province of Cavite, as stated above is one of the premiere
PROVINCE tourist destinations in the Philippines because of its natural beauty.
Cavite is one of the most industrialized and one of the fastest growing
provinces in the country due to its close proximity to Metro Manila. There CITY
are first class hotels, inns and lodging houses to accommodate both foreign The proponent chosen the city of Tagaytay to be the site for the project
and local tourists. Conference facilities can be found in several convention because the city has no visible culture to offer visitors and the project will
centers, hotels and resorts in the province. Restaurants and specialty dining give them another attraction for tourist aside from the Taal Volcano which
places offer mushroom dishes, native delicacies and exotic cuisines. isn’t theirs and the good climate, that if continued to destroy will be gone.
Seafoods, fruits, coffee, organic vegetables, tinapa, handicrafts, Then why not showcase the rest of the Philippine’s culture and promote what
ornamental plants also abound in the province. the Philippines have?
There are twenty-two (22) accredited tourism establishments and three (3) Tagaytay has a lot of tourist attractions but it is more of a weekend
accredited tour guides. There are also tour packages being arranged with destination instead of a tourist destination because of its proximity to Metro
the Department of Tourism. Centuries old traditions and the very rich culture Manila, tourists may choose to visit Tagaytay for an overnight or a daytime
of Cavite have been the source of great pride to Caviteños. relaxation and go home because they know that Tagaytay is just an hour or
two hour-drive from the homes of Manileños. Its accessibility may be the
The province of Cavite is adjacent to Metro Manila and Batangas Province reason why tourists won’t want to stay. Also, because there are no other
where the major gateways are located – airports in Manila and Sea ports special in Tagaytay than its clean and fresh air, the majestic view of Taal
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Volcano, relaxation spa and wellness centers, the lack-of-attention People’s and is located along a National Road. And if you’re looking for a good
Park in the Sky and the simple park of Picnic Grove. What more can view, the site does not offer just a good view but a majestic panoramic
Tagaytay offer if tourists run out of reasons to go there? view of Taal Volcano, Lake and Island and parts of Tagaytay and
THE SITE (PICNIC GROVE, SUNGAY EAST, TAGAYTAY CITY) Batangas.
The city government of Tagaytay City recommended the site of Picnic
Grove for this project. They wanted to add facilities that the visitors may
be satisfied and also a structure that will give identity to Tagaytay just like 3.1.4. Site Analysis
how culture of a community gives identity to that community. TAGAYTAY CITY
The City of Tagaytay (Filipino: Lungsod ng Tagaytay) is a second class city
The site is located at a place where tourists usually visit but do not normally in the province of Cavite, Philippines. It is one of the country's most popular
stay for a long time. A one night or two is enough for them. That is why; the tourist destinations. Tagaytay City provides a good view of the Taal
proponent has thought that making the tourists’ visits worthwhile even if it is Volcano. The city is a popular summer tourist destination because of its cool
short is better than making them stay for long so that they will come back. climate due to its high altitude.
When they go back, there will be new things that Tagaytay may offer not
only beautiful places but also spectacular experiences. Legend has it that the word Tagaytay came from "taga" meaning to cut
and "itay" which means father. A father and son were said to be on a wild
The site is two-hours away from Manila and Batangas where major boar hunt when the animal they were chasing turned and attacked them. As
gateways are. The site is 5-10 minute drive from Emilio Aguinaldo Highway the boar charged towards the old man, the son cried "taga itay!". The boy's
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repeated shout reverberated in the alleys of the ridge. Heard by the 1. Geographical Location
residents, hunters and wood gatherers, the cries became subject of Tagaytay City is located in the Province of Cavite, island of Luzon.
conversation for several days in the countryside. In time, the place where It is approximately 56 kilometers south of Manila, with a total land
the shouts came from became known as TAGAYTAY. area of 6,500 hectares, which represents about 5.14% of the total
land area of Cavite. It lies within 120 o 56’ latitude and 14o 16’
Tagaytay City played a unique historical role during the Revolution of longitude and overlooks Manila Bay on the north, Taal Volcano and
1896. It became the place of refuge and quick hide-away for Filipino Taal Lake on the south and Laguna de Bay on the east.
revolutionaries from Batangas, Laguna and other neighboring towns. The
ridges and forests of Tagaytay became the sanctuary for revolutionaries The city is linked by the national highway to the Metropolitan
including those from nearby provinces. The passage to and from towns via Manila Area and to the Province of Batangas. It is also connected
Tagaytay added the word "mananagaytay" to the native's vocabulary. It by roads to the adjoining municipalities of Amadeo, Mendez,
means "to traverse ridges." Indang, Silang and Alfonso in Cavite towards the northwest, to the
municipalities of Calamba and Sta. Rosa in Laguna in the northeast
Today, the City of Tagaytay is identified as one of the priority areas for and to the town of Talisay in Batangas in the south.
tourism development of the Department of Tourism. Likewise, the city has
been identified in the CALABARZON as a tourist center.
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2. Political Subdivision Iruhin East 297.29
Thirty-four barangays comprise the city, of which twelve are urban Iruhin West 240.71
and the rest are rural. Table 1 indicates the names of barangays Kaybagal Central 214.00
and their respective land area: Kaybagal North 120.33
Kaybagal South 404.16
Table 3.1. Land Area per Barangay Mag-asawang Ilat 73.11
NAME OF BARANGAY LAND AREA Maharlika East 73.82
(in hectares) Maharlika West 194.55
Asisan 133.43 Maitim II Central 96.90
Bagong Tubig 173.75 Maitim II East 141.31
Calabuso 446.38 Maitim II West 76.29
Dapdap East 75.09 Mendez Crossing East 55.40
Dapdap West 148.10 Mendez Crossing West 58.37
Francisco 358.00 Neogan 165.43
Guinhawa North 78.93 Patutong Malaki North 258.02
Guinhawa South 94.11 Patutong Malaki South 237.08
Iruhin Central 253.14 Sambong 301.24
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San Jose 418.90 with very gently sloping surface. The built-up areas including the
Silang Crossing East 197.23 urban center are situated in these relatively level portions of the
Silang Crossing West 248.91 city.
Sungay East 280.08
Sungay West 202.43 4. Climate
Tolentino East 91.49 Tagaytay City’s climate is characterized by relatively low
Tolentino West 164.13 temperature, low humidity and abundant rainfall. The city is
Zambal 127.89 endowed with a cool and invigorating climate with an average
TOTAL 6,500 temperature of 22.7o C. Situated approximately 600 meters
above sea level, the city is misty and is relatively cooler during the
3. Topography months of December, January and February. Like most areas in the
Tagaytay City is characterized by mixed topography. The southern Province of Cavite, the City has two pronounced seasons: dry from
and eastern portions are covered by hills and mountains which are November through April and wet during the rest of the year.
generally forests and open grasslands. There are ridge areas with
slopes ranging from 10.1 to over 25 percent. On the other hand, 1. Rainfall
the portions adjoining the municipalities of Mendez, Indang, Maximum rainfall usually occurs from July to September.
Amadeo and Silang are level to nearby level areas interspersed The city’s annual rainfall is 2,321.5 mm with a peak of
573.5 mm in August and low of 5.1 mm in February.

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2. Relative Humidity DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Relative humidity is a measure of the moisture content of the Population
atmosphere. The average relative humidity of Tagaytay is As per 2007 NSO report, the city’s total population is 61,623. Its
78 percent. This makes the city cooler than the Metropolitan night time population is the same with its daytime population since
Manila area where the average relative humidity exceeds the city does not have any university or industrial park that
81 percent. encourages a different situation. Since Tagaytay is a major tourist
destination, population doubles on weekends and holidays due to
3. Wind Direction influx of tourists and visitors. Household population is 13,150. The
North-eastern winds prevail in the city during the months of city’s total labor force is 36,974 covering an age bracket of 15 –
October, November, December, January, February, March 65 years old.
and April. Winds came from the southwest during May,
June, July, August and September. The average speed of Table 3.2. Population per Barangay
the wind is 6 knots per hour. NAME OF BARANGAY POPULATION
1. Asisan 1723
4. Typhoons 2. Bagong Tubig 852
Thirty one to forty percent of the typhoons visiting the 3. Calabuso 870
Philippines affect Tagaytay City. The probable months of 4. Dapdap East 701
typhoon season are from June to December.

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5. Dapdap West 1004 22. Mendez Crossing West 1774
6. Francisco 2746 23. Neogan 2321
7. Guinhawa North 516 24. Patutong Malaki North 1413
8. Guinhawa South 1266 25. Patutong Malaki South 1799
9. Iruhin Central 996 26. Sambong 892
10. Iruhin East 893 27. San Jose 3003
11. Iruhin West 2573 28. Silang Crossing East 1354
12. Kaybagal Central 4407 29. Silang Crossing West 1321
13. Kaybagal North 2273 30. Sungay East 3830
14. Kaybagal South 6345 31. Sungay West 3018
15. Mag-asawang Ilat 1133 32. Tolentino East 1948
16. Maharlika East 1054 33. Tolentino West 1143
17. Maharlika West 1420 34. Zambal 737
18. Maitim II Central 1011 TOTAL 61,623
19. Maitim II East 1898
20. Maitim II West 759
21. Mendez Crossing East 2630
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Education STI College. CCT and Olivarez College are open to all enrollees
for tertiary education while SVD offers post graduate studies to the
seminarians aspiring for priesthood and brotherhood.
For the out-of-school youth residents who have given the
opportunity to formal education, the City Government in
coordination with the Department of Education provides an
alternative pathway by which out of school youth could earn/obtain
educational qualification comparable to the formal education
through the Alternative Learning System (ALS). The ALS coordinators
conduct Continuing Education Program (CEP); massive information

At present, there are seven (7) high school in the city, four (4) of
campaign and Literacy Classes in Elementary and Secondary School
which are private and three (3) are public. 16 Public Elementary
Leavers; Basic Computer Literacy Program and Livelihood Programs.
Schools; 12 Private Elementary Schools; located at different
The service provider also reviews and prepares the examinees for
barangays. Out of the 34 barangays, 31 have their own day care
the Accreditation and Equivalence Test. Five (5) Elementary A&E
center with playgrounds. Some barangays have also established
Test Passers were promoted to Secondary Level while 15
their own Community Learning Center. There are three (3) colleges
Secondary A&E Test Passers were promoted to college. At present,
in the city –City College of Tagaytay (CCT), Olivarez College and
the City has one (1) Mobile Teacher and two (2) ALS Coordinators.
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The City’s participation rate for elementary school is 97.39% and Barangay Silang Crossing East near Rotunda, also caters the needs
92.37% for secondary school, respectively. Cohort Survival Rate is not only of local residents but also the adjoining towns as well
88.71% for elementary and 94.8% for secondary. tourists who visited the city.
Health and Nutrition For minor cases, the City Health Office is open from Monday to
The delivery of basic health care services to the general public is Friday providing medical and dental services to the city residents.
basically one of the primary concerns of the city. Thus, the City The 34 barangay have also their respective barangay health
established its own Primary Hospital (Ospital ng Tagaytay) in 1997 centers under the direct supervision of City Health Office personnel
to render health services for the city residents especially to assisted by Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) and Purok Social
underprivileged patients. In order to improve its services and Workers (PSWs). Non-government Organizations (NGOs) such as
accommodate the increasing number of in-patient, the City Project Health, Augustinian Sisters and private institutions also
Government constructed additional building (expansion) for provide medical services to the residents.
additional hospital beds and to comply with the minimum
requirement of the Department of Health for hospital upgrading At present the city has one (1) City Health Center, 34 barangay
from primary to secondary. health centers, two (2) hospitals, nine (9) dental clinics, nine (9)
medical clinics and ten (10) drugstores to meet the health and
In addition, the construction of a state-of- the-art private tertiary medical needs of the people.
hospital (Tagaytay Hospital and Medical Center) located at

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The city has 39 licensed physicians; eleven (11) dentists; seventy six Among the services offered by the CSWDO are family life
(76) nurses and Barangay Health Workers. education and counselling, family planning assistance, day care
services, supplemental feeding, relief and rehabilitation. In terms of
The City Nutrition Office’s records show that from 1998 to 2009, facilities, it has set up one family clinic in every day care center.
the malnutrition rate in the city is below 1%. As a concrete
manifestation of the efficiency of the city’s nutrition program, the Some government offices and private organizations operating
city has received several Nutrition Awards from the regional even within the locality provide invaluable support to CSWDO in
up to national level. extending social welfare assistance to those who are needy. The
government agencies that also assist the CSWDO are the
Social Welfare Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health. The civic
Tagaytay City, like most towns and cities in the country, is beset with and religious organizations on the other hand, include the Ladies of
its own social problems, which include unemployment, malnutrition, Charity, Tagaytay City Credit Association, Society of St. Vincent de
inadequate housing provisions and drug addiction. To help Paul, Marian Center, Women’s club, Poveda and Verbum Dei.
solve these problems, social welfare assistance in the city is
therefore extended by the City Social Welfare and Development To monitor and concentrate on the social problems that arise in the
Office (CSWDO). city, the following Programs and Services are provided by the
CSWDO: (1) Self-Employment Assistance, (2) Family and Community
Welfare (3) Child and Youth Welfare (4) Emergency Assistance

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Program (5) Program for Disabled Persons and the Elderly (6) Public Safety (TOPS), Traffic Aides and private security personnel
Rolling Stores (7) Lingap sa Barangay, and (8) Day Care Services. manned by different Security Agencies.
Protective Services Tourism
Tagaytay City’s peace and order situation is safeguarded by the Tagaytay City is one of the vital tourist sites, which play a very
Philippine National Police Force, which is under the Department of significant role in the country’s tourism industry. From the National
Interior and Local Government. The total police force is composed and Regional points of view, Tagaytay City ranks very high in
of 3 officers, 92 non-officers and 1 non-uniformed personnel. There tourism potentials due to its scenic attraction and available
are seven (7) police headquarters strategically located in the accommodation facilities that meet international standards. Because
busiest parts of the city such as the Centrum in Barangay Kaybagal it is very accessible and strategically near Metro Manila, which is
South, Mendez Crossing West, Silang Crossing East, Mahogany the main entry and exit point of the country’s local and international
Market, City Market in Tolentino East, Barangay Sungay West and travellers, Tagaytay remains one of the leading tourist areas in the
Barangay Maitim II East. Sustained maximum security for the citizens country.
is ensured through the 24-hour service.
The main tourist attraction of Tagaytay is the captivating panoramic
The police force are supported by Barangay Tanods (average of view of the natural beauty of the Taal Volcano, which is the smallest
10 per barangay); Bantay-Lungsod under the Tagaytay Office of volcano in the world and where two delectable rare species of fish,
the “maliputo” and “tawilis” are found. In spite of its nearness to

93
Metro Manila, Tagaytay has a unique rustic atmosphere and measures are provided for the city’s terrestrial, natural scenic
invigorating cool climate. This is the reason why people do not only environment, water resource and urban and rural environments. The
want to visit the place but prefer to hold seminars / conferences the protection and management of all these is the key towards
city. Complementing the natural endowment are several tourist sustaining the city’s growth and development.
establishments, which are attractions themselves.
Increasing population is putting a lot of stress on the environment,
particularly on the volume of waste generated by the residents and
the commercial establishments in the city. Garbage collection in the
city is being managed by the local government unit through the
Parks and Plaza Division under the City Engineer’s Office. The
volume of solid waste is around 252 metric tons a week or an
average of 36 metric tons a day. Of the entire population, 73
percent of the households have access to solid waste collection,
which is done on a daily basis. Individual households particularly
those in barangays that are hardly reached by garbage trucks

Environmental Management
dispose their garbage by dumping in an open area, while the
It is the city’s inherent environmental characteristics, which has
limited number engage in backyard composting. Toxic and
fuelled its present state of growth. Environmental management
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hazardous wastes from hospitals are collected and disposed of in a 9003 or the Solid Waste Management Act, and is in line with the
separate dumpsite. city’s action towards proper protection of the environment.
In addition, the City Government constructed a Materials Recovery Tagaytay also suffers from the absence of a central sewerage
Facility covering an area of 4,000 square meters with equipment to system/waste water treatment systems. Since these facilities require
process mixed waste per day. It is designed to receive, sort, massive resources, the city resorts to using natural drainage and a
tree-chamber (sealed) septic vault.
Natural Resources
Land
LAND AREA
Tagaytay City has a total land area of 6,500 hectares, which is
roughly 5.19% of the total land area of the Province of Cavite. The
City is politically subdivided into thirty-four (34) barangays from
the original twenty (20). Nine barangays remained in their original
status while the rest were further divided into two or three smaller
process and store compostable and recyclable materials efficiently
ones.
and in an environmentally-sound manner in compliance with RA
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LAND USE TYPES Restaurants, entertainment, recreational and similar establishments
of the urban-tourism type shall be the developments herein. This
area is also classified into two: (1) Northern Tourism Strip, which is
located at the north of Tagaytay-Nasugbu-Calamba Road, and (2)
Southern Tourism Strip, situated at the southern side of the said
road. Rules on building heights and densities shall be heavily
regulated in order to protect the general view of the Lake area.
The Southern Tourism Strip structures are still classified into: (1)
Obstructive (those that block the lake view) and (2) Non-obstructive
Tourism Strip (those that do not block the lake view).
The tourism strip is comprised of a 60-meter northward distance
from the center of the Tagaytay-Nasugbu-Calamba Road and all Primary Urban Core
areas within 18% downward slope on the southern side of the said The block enclosed by J.P. Rizal Avenue and the Tagaytay-Nasugbu
road. It shall serve as one of the key venues for the “sustainable Road is the Primary Urban Core. What make the sight an ideal
ecological tourism base” and shall be in line with the realization of urban core are its central location, sufficient size for unitary
the city’s vision. planning and the location of major urban facilities. All property
owners shall confirm to a pre-agreed Master Plan since this shall be
a Planned Unit Development (PUD) Area.

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Developments shall focus on the provision of urban facilities and Table 3.3. Land Allocation
amenities such as hotels, convention halls, parks and similar LAND USE TYPE AREA (in hectares)
institutions. This area shall revolve around the existing Tagaytay 1. Tourism Strip 344.49 5.31
Centrum or the government center. 2. Primary Urban Core Area 361.07 5.55
3. Secondary Urban Core Area 127.94 1.97
Land Allocation 4. General Development Area 1,338.66 20.59
The type of land use to which majority of land (26.73%) in 5. Agricultural Development Area 1,356.10 20.86
Tagaytay are devoted is the Ecological Development Area. Second 6. Ecological Development Area 1,737.66 26.73
is the Agricultural Development Area (20.86%) followed by 7. High Density Housing Area 19.64 0.30
General Development Area (20.59%). 8. Ecological Tourism Area 670.85 10.32
9. Special Conservation Area 350.19 5.39
10. Special Institutional Area 135.62 2.09
11. Greenbelt Zone 57.78 0.89
TOTAL 6, 500.00
Note: Area computation was done manually
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Land Use per Barangay Urban sprawl posted a 27.70% annual growth rate from 1995 to
The barangays which host the Primary Urban Core include Mendez 1997. This is due to the accelerated expansion of residential
Crossing East, Kaybagal South, Maharlika West, Tolentino East, subdivisions.
Silang Crossing East and West, Sungay East and San Jose. Almost
all barangays comprise the General Development Areas except Table 3.4. General Land Use Shifts
Zambal, Bagong Tubig and Sambong (Ecological Development Year Built-up Agriculture Woodland Grasslan
Area), Dapdap West, Dapdap East and Calabuso North (Ecological d
Tourism Area). See Table 10 for the Percentage of Land Use 1946 Area 72 3,780 2,329 434
Distribution per barangay. Share 1.09 % 57.14 % 35.21% 6.56%
1980 Area 292 3,984 1,508 831
General Land Use Shifts Share 4.41 % 60.23% 22.80% 12.56
Built-up Areas %
The built-up areas, which were initially confined along the major 1989 Area 431 4,250 1,480 454
arteries of the City, have grown considerably. The expansion has Share 6.52 % 64.24% 22.37% 6.86%
exhibited an accelerated pace within the last decade. The core Growth 4.42 % 0.72% -0.21% -6.60%
built-up area exhibited a substantial sprawl plus the opening up of Rate
new urban developments in the interior areas contributed to the 1995 Area 1,097 3,870 1,395 253
significant annual growth rate from 1989 to 1995 which is 16.84%.
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Share 16.58 % 58.50% 21.09% 3.83% Urban Land Use Shifts
Growth 16.84 % 1.57% -0.98% -9.24% When Baguio City was devastated by the 1990 Luzon earthquake,
Rate realtors have looked toward Tagaytay as its alternative. As such,
1997 Area 1,789 1,808 Unverified Unverif there was a 200% increase in construction projects, both from
Share 27.04 % 27.33% Unverified ied residential and commercial developers. Over 25 housing
Growth 27.7 % -31.65% Unverified Unverifi developers sell vacation homes with the cool climate and panoramic
Rate ed view of Taal Volcano as their selling advantage.
Unverifi
ed In 1997, Tagaytay’s urban land is primarily used for residential
purposes (60.98%). It took the place of institutions that dominated
Note: 1997 data on Woodland and Grassland were not reflected since they the urban lands from 1980 to 1989. Also in 1997, 18.72% of the
may not be accurate due to the limitations of the field survey. Obtained city’s urban land is devoted to commercial and tourism related uses.
figures were 2,418 hectares and 600 hectares for woodland and grassland, Table 3.5. Urban Land Use Shifts
respectively. Year Com Parks & Agro-
Resid merc Inst’l Open Indust Total
ential ial Spaces rial
and
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Touri * Share 1 18.7 6.99 0.78% 2.96 9
sm Growth 60.9 2% % 52.75 %
1980 Area 160 24 65 15 28 292 Rate 8% 5.49 14.1 % 142.
Share 54.7 8.22 22.6 5.14% 9.59 26.2 % 1% 67%
9% % % % 0%
1989 Area 250 36 100 15 40 431 Source: Tax Map / Validation Survey
Share 58.0 6.04 23.2 3.48% 9.28 * 1997 total includes actual idle lands and utilities, which are not
Growth 0% % 0% 0.00% % quantified in the above table
Rate 5.08 0.89 4.90 4.04 Land Ownership
% % % % Only minimal areas are left in the possession of the government
1995 Area 658 301 96 6 9 1,09 since most lands, including those at the steep slopes, are titled to
Share 62.4 27.4 8.75 0.55% 0.82 7 individual owners. Other owners are religious institutions, residential
Growth 4% 4% % - % subdivision developers and commercial / tourism realtors.
Rate 18.2 50.4 - 14.16 -
9% 1% 0.68 % 22.0
% 1%
1997 Area 1,09 335 125 14 53 1,78
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Slope
One important factor considered in determining the suitability of Areas with Type D slopes (10.1 to 18.0 percent) cover 520.0
lands for urban development as well as the capability of an area hectares of land in portions of Barangays Calabuso, Dapdap, Iruhin,
for cultivation is slope Sungay, Sambong, Kaybagal, San Jose and Silang Crossing. Due
to the good soil characteristics in the city, these moderately or
Levels to moderately sloping areas endowed with good soil rolling areas are planted to diversified crops although there are still
characteristics are favorable for cultivation and urban utilization. vast tracks of open grasslands in Barangays Dapdap and
Strongly sloping to mountainous condition renders the land highly Calabuso.
prone to soil erosion and unfavorable for agricultural production
and urban development. Type C slopes (5.1 to 10.0 percent) are most prevalent in
Barangays Francisco, Iruhin, Sungay, Tolentino and San Jose. These
Approximately 2,665.0 hectares of land, which represent gently undulating slopes are mostly devoted to different crops due
41.0% of the city’s total land area, have slopes of above 18.0%. to their suitability for cultivation.
These strongly rolling and mountainous portions are situated along
the ridge and on the eastern end of the city. Due to the unsuitability Except for the eastern end of the city, the lands situated at the north
of these mountainous and strongly sloping portions for cultivation of the National Highway leading to Batangas have slopes ranging
and urban use, most of these areas are currently utilized as forests from 0.0 to 5.0 percent. Slopes in these 34.0% four percent or
or abandoned as open grasslands. 2,210 hectares of land are classified as Type A.

101
Erosion Potential
Soil erosion is the process by which soil particles are detached and 2. Moderate Erosion – This type of erosion is characterized by
transported by run-off water. The degree and occurrence of the loss of 25 to 75 percent of the surface soil and is evident during
erosion are affected by such factors as slope, amount / intensity of the starting stages of gully formation. This kind of erosion is most
rainfall, vegetative cover, land use and type of soil. likely to take place in 14.59% or 948.35 hectares of land in
Tagaytay City.
Depending on the amount of topsoil and subsoil removed and the
presence of gullies, the degree of erosion may vary from slight to 3. None to Slight Erosion – This kind of erosion is defined as
very severe. the removal of less than one-fourth of the original surface soil. This
occurs in Types A, B and C slopes, where erosion takes place inspite
The various degrees of erosion characterizing Tagaytay City are of favorable relief conditions due to faulty farm management
the following: practice. Areas falling under this category consist of 3,055 hectares
1. Severe / Very Severe Erosion – Erosion is severe / very of land in the relatively level portions of the city, covering 47.0% of
severe when all of the surface soil and part of the subsoil are the city’s total land area.
eroded with some gully formation. Subject to this kind of erosion
are 2,517.45 hectares or 38.37% of the total land area of the city. Soils
These are the mountainous and strongly sloping areas along the Knowledge of the soil types and soil characteristics provides some
ridge and on the eastern part of the city. guiding principles in selecting and recommending various uses of
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land. The basic types of soils found in Tagaytay City belong to dry. This type of soil is easy to work on. Among the crops that
Tagaytay series. These are the Tagaytay sandy loam and the grow best in this type of soil are upland rice, corn, sugarcane,
Tagaytay loam. coconuts, citrus, coffee, pineapple, avocado and various vegetables.
The central and western portions of the city are covered by the Land Capability Classification
Tagaytay sandy loam. The surface soil of the Tagaytay is sandy Land capability classification is a scheme for grouping soil units
loam which is 12 to 50 centimeters deep, dark brown to nearly together according to the best use of lands in order to optimise
black, friable and granular sandy loam with a considerable amount production, preserve land and prevent soil damage through
of volcanic sand. The subsoil is dark brown to very dark brown and improper use. The classification indicated the relative suitability of
varies in texture from clay loam to clay. It is underlain by reddish- land for agriculture and the corresponding land management
brown to yellowish brown adobe clay. This adobe clay varies in requirements. This serves as one of the important bases in
depth depending on the topography of the place. recommending the use land, especially for areas to be returned for
agriculture. The four major factors considered in land capability
On the other hand, the eastern portion of the city is covered by classification are: (1) soil properties (2) degree of erosion and (3)
Tagaytay loam, which has a surface soil consisting of a 15 to 35- drainage and flooding hazard.
centimeter thick layer of brown to dark brown loam containing more
or less fine sandy material. The soil is moderately friable when Land capability classes are grouped into four general uses from the
moist. In the disturbed condition, it becomes hard and cakes when standpoint of agricultural as well as economic capabilities. This can
103
be any or a combination of the four general purposes, namely: (1) are as follows:
Lands suitable for cultivation (2) Lands limited to pasture (3) Lands
limited to forests and (4) Lands limited to wildlife and recreation. 1. Land Capability Class “A”
This class includes very good lands, which can be cultivated safely
In Tagaytay City, the lands suited for agriculture consists of four and require only simple but good farm management practices.
land capability classes. These arable lands which cover 3,836.95 2. Land Capability Class “Be”
hectares or 59.03% of the total land area and are currently This class includes good lands that are nearly level to gently sloping,
cultivated and planted to diversified crops such as coffee, slightly to moderately eroded and can be cultivated safely if
pineapple, corn, banana, sweet potatoes, coconuts, palay and carefully planned erosion control management practices and
vegetables. The land capability classes to which those lands belong intensive soil conservation practices are observed.
3. Land Capability Class “Ce”
This class consists of moderately good lands that are moderately
sloping, moderately to severely eroded, and can be cultivated
safely if carefully planned erosion control management practices
and intensive soil conservation practices are observed.
4. Land Capability Class “De”
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This class includes fairly good lands that are slightly sloping, This includes very steep lands, which are excessively eroded,
moderately to severely eroded due to excessive run-off and can be shallow, rough or dry for cultivation but can be used for grazing
cultivated occasionally if handled with care. These lands require with careful management and definite restriction. These lands are
very careful management and complex conservation practices and best suited to forest with careful management.
are most suitable to pasture or tree farms.
On the other hand the non-arable lands in the city cover 2494.05 Roads
hectares or 38.37% of the total land area. These lands are For purposes of prioritizing the development maintenance of the
unsuitable for agriculture and consist of land capability classes “M” roads within Tagaytay, the city’s circulation system is thus,
and “N” which are mostly situated along the ridge area and the categorized into three (3) functional hierarchical classifications:
eastern portion of the city. These non-arable lands are national highways, arterial collector and service road classification.
characterized by the following: Based on these classifications, roads characterized as arterial are
5. Land Capability Class “M” given top priority as to development/maintenance while the service
Lands included here are those which are very steep to mountainous, roads are comparatively given low priority.
excessively eroded or shallow for cultivation. Stones and rock
outcrops are occasionally present. These lands are good for The major arterial road of the city is the national Highway
grazing or for forest and need careful farm management. horizontally traversing the city. Aside from being the city’s primary
6. Land Capability Class “N” road, which links most of the city’s barangays, it also serves as a
105
national thoroughfare connecting Tagaytay to the province of Meanwhile, collector and service roads are those which branch out
Laguna and to the province of Batangas. from these arterial roads. These include all the city and Barangay
roads in the area. Aside from serving as the main access of the
Running almost perpendicular to the arterial roads are eight other population in the inner portion of Tagaytay, these roads
arterial roads, seven of which are maintained by the national particularly, the service roads are also used as farm-to-market
government. At present, all of these are vital road linkages in as roads by the farmers of the city.
much as they provide access to the towns and cities of the four
regions/provinces, namely: Metro Manila, Laguna, Batangas and As of year 2009, Tagaytay City has a total length of 139.250
Cavite. These arterial roads are enumerated as follows: kilometers. Out of this total road length, about 39.70 kms are
1. Tagaytay – Manila via Silang Road (National Road) classified as National Roads, 29.829 kms are City Roads and
2. Tagaytay – Ulat Sto. Domingo – Sta. Rosa Road (National 69.721 kms are Barangay Roads.
Road)
3. Tagaytay – Cavite vi Mendez Road (National Road)
4. Tagaytay – General Trias via Amadeo Road (City Road)
5. Tagaytay – Talisay Road (2) (National Road)
6. Tagaytay – Laguna via Calamba Road (National Road)
7. Tagaytay – Taal Lake Road (National Road)
8. Tagaytay – Batangas via Tuy Road (National Road)

106
107
Sports and Recreation Corporation (PAGCOR). Development Academy of the Philippines
The City of Tagaytay provides for its residents, visitors and tourists (DAP), which is situated at Barangay Sungay East is among the
a number of facilities for both sports and recreational activities. favorite venues for conventions, seminars and conferences. Various
Available sports facilities include: Two (2) state of the art Sports facilities that can be availed of at the DAP include pelota court,
Centers, one (1) gymnasium, one (1) 18-hole golf course, one (1) ping pong room, game room for chess and mah-jong, children’s
track and field oval, eighteen (18) basketball courts, four (4) playground, covered tennis court, covered squash beating lagoon,
playgrounds, one (1) baseball and softball field, four (4) swimming skating rink, swimming pool and one goal basketball court. The
pools, one (1) bowling center, ten (10) billiard halls, one (1) fitness Philippine Judicial Academy located at Barangay Silang Crossing
center, one (1) bridle path, one (1) bicycle/jogging trails, two (2) East offers facilities such as tennis court, 400.2 golf area, pool
squash courts, two (2) parks and one (1) mini zoo. tables, ping-pong tables, billiard tables, swimming pools, and
basketball and volleyball courts. Another is the Residence Inn/Mini
Alternatively, establishments for passive leisure interest are also Zoo, situated at the western part of the city, along Tagaytay-
available in Tagaytay. One of which is Tagaytay Picnic Grove, Nasugbu Road. The famous Tagaytay Highlands and International
which is operated by the City Government. It is located at Golf Club at Barangay Calabuso is an exclusive golf club being
Barangay Sungay East. It offers facilities for picnicking, horseback managed / operated by a private firm. Facilities/amenities that
riding, and skating, swimming, sightseeing, overnight stay and the can be availed at Tagaytay Highlands include: 18-hole golf course,
now famous zipline and cable car. Another is the Casino-Filipino, billiard halls, ping pong tables, tennis courts, squash courts, fitness
being managed by the Philippine Amusement and Gaming gym, swimming pool, wading pool, bridle path, bicycle and jogging
108
trails, and gardens where one can relax and feel the refreshing Financial Profile
breeze of Tagaytay. Shuttles and cable cars are available within INCOME
the premises. For the year 2009, the City Government collected a total income of
FIVE HUNDRED SEVENTY TWO MILLION SIX HUNDRED SIXTEEN
Japanese Garden, one of the public parks in Tagaytay, has a well- THOUSAND FIFTY NINE PESOS and 08/100
maintained garden and landscaping, a lagoon and a gazebo. It is (Php572,616,059.08) with an increase of 7% from the city’s income
located along Tagaytay-Calamba Road at Barangay Sungay East, of 2008. With the beginning balance amounted to TWENTY FIVE
just across DAP - beside Picnic Grove. MILLION SEVEN HUNDRED NINETY ONE THOUSAND EIGHTY
PESOS and 99/100 (Php25,791,080.99) contributing 4.5% of the
With regard to sports development, all schools in the city, whether city’s total income.
public or private, conduct physical and sports development
programs for their students. These programs are being supported Out of the city’s income in 2009, General Fund has the biggest
by the City Government through the designated Sangguniang share having a total collection of FOUR HUNDRED EIGHTY SEVEN
Kabataan Coordinator and City Sports Coordinator. Inter-Barangay MILLION SIX HUNDRED SIXTY ONE THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED
basketball tournament for the youth is also being held during TWELVE PESOS and 60/100 (Php487,661,612.60) which
summer. contributes 85% of the city’s total income. It has an increase of
11% from the 2008 income of FOUR HUNDRED THIRTY THREE
109
MILLION SIX HUNDRED NINETY SEVEN THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED EIGHTY SIX PESOS and 95/100 (Php121,778,186.95)
HUNDRED TWENTY PESOS and 08/100 (Php433,697,620.08). contributing 24.97%. Service Income collected a total amount of
ONE HUNDRED TWENTY SEVEN MILLION FIVE HUNDRED EIGHTY
Special Education Fund has a total collection of EIGHTY FOUR THREE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED ELEVEN PESOS and 04/100
MILLION NINE HUNDRED FIFTY FOUR THOUSAND FOUR (Php127,583,511.04) contributing 26.16%. Local Income collected
HUNDRED FORTY SIX PESOS and 48/100 (Php84,954,446.48) the amount of THIRTY TWO MILLION THREE HUNDRED THIRTY
contributing 15% of the city’s total income in 2009. It has an SIX THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED EIGHTY FIVE PESOS and 45/100
increase of 3% from 2008 collection of EIGHTY TWO MILLION SIX (Php32,336,685.45) contributing 6.63%. Permits and Licenses
HUNDRED NINETY THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED EIGHT PESOS collected a total amount of SIXTEEN MILLION SIXTEEN
and 61/100 (Php82,690,208.61). THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED FOUR PESOS and 59/100
(Php16,016,304.59) contributing 3.28% of the total General Fund
The bulk of the city’s General Fund income came from Other Income income.
which has a total collection of ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY NINE
MILLION NINE HUNDRED FOURTY SIX THOUSAND NINE EXPENDITURES
HUNDRED TWENTY FOUR PESOS and 57/100 For the year 2009, the City Government of Tagaytay had a total
(Php189,946,924.57) contributing 38.95%. Real Property Tax expenditure of FIVE HUNDRED FORTY ONE MILLION TWO
collected a total amount of ONE HUNDRED TWENTY ONE HUNDRED FIFTY SEVEN THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED EIGHT PESOS
MILLION SEVEN HUNDRED SEVENTY EIGHT THOUSAND ONE

110
and 86/100 (Php541,257,608.86) which shows an increase of 6% Special Education Fund (SEF) expended a total amount of SIXTY
from the city’s expenditure in 2008. EIGHT MILLION THREE HUNDRED SIX THOUSAND THREE
HUNDRED ONE PESOS and 33/100 (Php68,306,301.33) or 13%
Out of the total expenditures in 2009, FOUR HUNDRED FIFTY of the city’s total expenditures. This showed a decrease of 14%
THREE MILLION THIRTEEN THOUSAND FORTY SIX PESOS and from SEF expenditures for 2008 of NINE MILLION FOUR
84/100 (Php453,013,046.84) or 87% came from the General HUNDRED THIRTY FOUR THOUSAND SIX HUNDRED SEVENTY
Fund. This showed an increase of 4% from 2008 General Fund PESOS and 04/100 (Php9,434,670.04).
expenses of TWENTY MILLION FIFTY THREE THOUSAND TWO
HUNDRED FIFTY NINE PESOS and 48/100 (Php20,053,259.48).
111
THE SITE
The site is located at Barangay Sungay East, Tagaytay City. The site is located along the Tagaytay-Calamba Road. It is located on the Southeastern
part of the city. The site is in front of the Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP) and beside Nature’s Park (Vacant Lot beside Tierra de Maria).
The site is a 5-7 minute-drive from the Tagaytay Rotonda and from the site, another 5-10 minute-drive to People’s Park in the Sky. The lot has a total
land area of approximately 121, 321 square meters or 12.13 heactares of land.
112
ESTABLISHMENTS NEAR THE SITE
113
ROADS & LANDMARKS NEAR THE SITE
114
THE SITE
115
SITE PICTURES
PARKING AREA UNUSED PICNIC AREAS UNSAFE BRIDGE
DIRTY COTTAGES AND SPACES UNUSED PICNIC AREA DILAPIDATED INNS
116
CONTOUR ANALYSIS
117
SUN PATH & WIND ANALYSIS
118
TRAFFIC & NOISE ANALYSIS
119
VIEW ANALYSIS
120
3.1.5. Laws and Ordinances Pertaining to the Site
CITY ORDINANCE NO. 97-98
Series of 1997
Article V
Section 11. Use Regulations in Primary Urban Core (PUC). The PUC e. Flower shop
shall be a Planned Unit Development but subject to the following general
regulations: 1.5 Food markets and shops like:
1. Allowable Uses a. bakery, bakeshop and wine store
1.1 Commercial housing b. grocery and supermarket
a. hotel, motel, apartel 1.6 Personal Service shops like:
b. clubhouse a. beauty parlor and barber shops
1.2 Commercial condominium (with residential units in the upper floors) b. sauna bath and massage clinic
1.3 Office building/condominium c. dressmaking and tailoring shop
1.4 General retail/store and shops like: 1.7 Recreational centers/establishments like:
a. Department store/shopping center, bookstore and office supply shop a. movie house/theater
b. Car shop b. play court e.g. tennis court, swimming pool, bowling alleys, billiard
c. Home appliance store halls.
d. Photo shop c. day and night clubs

121
d. stadium, coliseum, gymnasium 1.9 Short-term educational facilities like:
e. other sports and recreational establishments a. dancing and driving schools
1.8 Restaurants and other eateries
b. school for self defense 1.19 Government centers to house national, regional or local offices in the
c. speech clinic area
1.10 Storeroom and warehouse but only as may be necessary for the 1.20 Colleges, universities, professional business schools, vocational and
efficient conduct of business. trade schools, technical schools and other institutions of higher learning
1.11 Embassy/Consulate 1.21 General hospitals, medical centers, multipurpose clinics
1.12 Library, museum, scientific, cultural and academic centers and 1.22 Convention centers and related facilities
research facilitie except nuclear, radioactive, chemical and biological 1.23 Other uses similar, related or directly incidental to the above uses.
warfare facilities 2. Bulk and Density
1.13 Filling/Service Stations The Floor Area Ratio (FAR) shall be 5.0 and the BHL shall be fifteen (15)
1.14 Clinic storeys but not more than sixty (60) meters above the Reference Elevation
1.15 Bank and other financial institutions (as defined in Section 10). The PLO shall be 60%.
1.16 Radio and Television stations 3. Impervious Surface
1.17 Building garage, transportation terminal/garage Impervious surface area shall not be more than 5% of the resultant PLO.
1.18 Repair of optical instruments and equipment’s and cameras, clocks 4. Fencing
and watches
122
Fencing along Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road and J.P. Rizal Ave. shall be unlandscaped parking lots are not allowed; should open parking be
seethrough and have a maximum height of 1.80 meters from the finished provided, these shall be so landscaped to have a park-like character.
grade line and shall be of good quality such as wrought iron; cyclon wire 7. Setbacks
fences are also allowed.; fence base made of concrete, hollow blocks, rock Minimum building setback shall be per the requirements of the National
or any material shall have a height of no greater than 0.40 meters from Building Code and the provisions of Sec. 26 – Road Setback Regulations. In
the finished grade line. cases of discrepancy, the wider requirement shall be deemed applicable.
5. Landscaping 8. Building Color
A landscaping plan shall be prepared for approval by the office of the All buildings shall be of earth tone or nature color.
Zoning Administrator.
6. Parking CITY ORDINANCE NO. 97-93
Parking area requirements shall be the per minimum requirements of the Series of 1997
National Building Code. AN ORDINANCE REVISING THE ZONING REGULATIONS FOR THE CITY
No on-street parking nor parking without buffer strip shall be allowed; OF TAGAYTAY, PROVIDING FOR THE ADMINISTRATION,
instead, parking spaces shall be buffered from the street shoulder by ENFORCEMENT AND AMENDMENT THEREOF AND FOR THE REPEAL
planting strip with district entry and exit phone. Basement and upper level OF ALL ORDINANCES IN CONFLICT THEREWITH.
parking are encouraged; parking buildings may also be built provided
that these are designed to appear as regular buildings. Open and Section 7. Zone/Area Boundaries. The locations and boundaries of the
zones
123
or areas into which the city has been divided are hereby identified and Bounded on the West by the junction of Mahogany Ave. and Tagaytay-
specified Nasugbu Road.
as follows:
City Ordinance No. 2009-054
1) Tourism Strip - Northern Tourism Strip An ordinance ammending section 7. ZONE/AREA boundaries of City
Bounded on the North by a 60 meter distance from the road right-of-way Ordinance No. 97-93 known as “The City land Use Plan and Zoning
line of Tagaytay-Nasugbu and Tagaytay-Calamba Roads; Bounded on Ordinance”
the South by the Tagaytay-Nasugbu and Tagaytay-Calamba Roads;
Bounded on the West by Tagaytay City’s boundary with the Municipality Explanatory Note:
of Alfonso; Bounded on the East by the Special Conservation Area (SCA). When the existing Land use Plan and Zoning Ordinance were
formulated in the early part of the year 1997, among the primary
2) Primary Urban Core - Southern Tourism Strip considerations were the economic condition and rapid pace of
Bounded on the North by the Tagaytay-Nasugbu and Tagaytay-Calamba development in the realm of real estate and toursim development trends
Roads; Bounded on the South by slopes having a downward gradient of both in the level of regional and national perspectives. For more than a
more than 18% from the road right-of-way line of the Tagaytay-Nasugbu decade of its implementation, the zoning classifications as delineated in the
and Tagaytay-Calamba Roads; Bounded on the North by Mahogany Ave.; Land Use Map which are intended for commercial use has become smaller
Bounded on the South by the Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road; Bounded on the and smaller. This present condition needs to be addressed accordingly to
East by the junction of Mahogany Ave. and Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road

124
accommodate more investments particularly on areas adjacent to areas environment (view of Taal Lake/Volcano) along the ridge areas have still
which are intended for commercial use. to be enforced or even strengthened. Hence, it is deemed necessary that
certain amendments on some provisions of the City’s Land Use Plan &
As delineated in our existing Land Use Map, the northern and Zoning Ordinance have to be carried out, subject of careful and further
southern strip of the National Roads (along Tagaytay-Calamba Road, study considerations by the concerned city’s stakeholders.
Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road and J.P. Rizal Avenue) are intermittently zoned
as tourism strip wherein massive development such as high-rise structure Now therefore on motion of Coun. Laureano Mendoza, Chair, Comm. On
and other commercial businesses are not allowed in the area. Thus some Public Works and Land Utilization, be it ordained by the Sangguniang
interested investors who plan to venture on this type of projects are hesitant Panglungsod ng Tagaytay that:
or even constrained to push through their businesses due to development
restrictions being imposed by the City. Moreover, the fact that the city’s Section 1. Section 7 is hereby amended to read as follows:
land area is considerably small and buildable area is limited; the possible
option is to allow vertical development on specific areas that are closely A. ZONE/AREA BOUNDARIES. The locations and boundaries for the
adjoining with the commercial zones. It is a fact that the current trend of zones or areas are hereby identified and specified specifically the
econimic activities especially on tourism as well as real estate development boundaries of Primary Urban Core (PUC) and the Secondary Urban Core
(residential subdivision, commercial condominiums, and the like) will lead (SUC).
our city towards a genuine and sustainable economic growth. Nontheless,
existing measures and policies pertaining preservation of natural a. Specific Area Coverage for Primary Urban Core (PUC) Expansion:
125
CLUSTER 1 – Bounded on the North by JP Rizal Avenue; Bounded on the West by the Junction of SVD Road
Bounded on the South by Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road and Tagaytay-Calamba Road
Bounded on the East by the Junction of JP Rizal Boundedn on the North by a 500 meters distance
Avenue and Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road from Tagaytay-Calamba road
Bounded on the West by the junction of JP Rizal Bounded on the South by Tagaytay-Calamba Road
Avenue (Verbum Dei) and Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road CLUSTER 4 – Bounded on the West by Sungay Lane, Brgy.
CLUSTER 2 – Bounded on the East by the Property Line of Sungay West
City Land and Villa Pura Subdivision, Brgy. San Jose Bounded on the East by the Property Line of Picnic
Bounded on the West by Magallanes Drive, Brgy. Grove, Brgy. Sungay East
Silang Crossing West Bounded on the North by 250 meters from
Bounded on the North by a 500 meters distance Tagaytay-Calamba Road
from the National Road Right of Way Bounded on the South by a distance of 700 meters
Bounded on the South by Tagaytay-Batangas Road from Tagaytay-Calamba Road
and Tagaytay-Calamba Road
CLUSTER 3 – Bounded on the East by the junction of (More of the City Ordinance No. 2009-054, see Appendix B)
Tagaytay-Calamba Road and Tagaytay-Sta.Rosa
Road
126
3.1.6. Site Development Options
3.1.6.1. OPTION 1
127
3.1.6.2. OPTION 2
128
3.1.6.3. OPTON 3
129
3.2. Space Programming Data
3.2.1. Space Programming Index
(See Appendix)
3.2.2. Users Analysis
The activities are based, aside from the norm, from the program of activities:
130
Primary User A: TOURISTS (User Movement Pattern)
(User Profile)
Walk-in
(Individual or Group)
Tourists
(Local or Foreign)
Reserved
(Group-Fieldtrip or from
Hotels in Tagaytay)
(User Behavior)
131
Primary User B: PERFORMERS (User Behavior: Rehearsal Days)
(User Profile)
Locals
(Students/ Residents of
Performers Tagaytay-Scholars)
(Locals or Guests) Guests

(Group/s from the
featured culture)
(User Behavior:Performance Days)
132
Primary User C: ADMINISTRATION OFFICERS (User Movement Pattern)
(User Profiile)
Park
Administrator
(Officer assigned for
Administration the Recreational Park)
Officers
Museum
(Park and Museum)
Administrator
(Officer assigned for
the Living Museum/s)
(User Behavior)
133
3.3. Design Solutions
Concept Board:
134
SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

135
PERSPECTIVES
136
THE LIVING MUSEUM
137
138
139
FRONT ELEVATION
RIGHT ELEVATION
LEFT ELEVATION
REAR ELEVATION
140
CROSS SECTION
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
141
ADMINISTRATION/ PERFORMERS’ BUILDING
142
ELEVATIONS
143
CROSS SECTION
144
145
COMMERCIAL BUILDING
146
VIEW FROM BUS PARKING
VIEW FROM THE LIVING MUSEUM’S GREEN ROOF
147
EXHIBIT BOARDS
148
149
150
CHAPTER 4:
DESIGN SOLUTIONS
134
Chapter 4
Design Solutions
Concept Board:
135
SITE DEVELOPMENT PLAN

136
PERSPECTIVES
137
THE LIVING MUSEUM
138
139
140
FRONT ELEVATION
RIGHT ELEVATION
LEFT ELEVATION
REAR ELEVATION
141
CROSS SECTION
142
143
ELEVATIONS
144
CROSS SECTION
145
146
COMMERCIAL BUILDING
147
VIEW FROM BUS PARKING
VIEW FROM THE LIVING MUSEUM’S GREEN ROOF
148
EXHIBIT BOARDS
149
150
151
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 André Desvallées, François Mairesse; “Key Concepts of Museology; 2009
 http://www.cebu-philippines.net/philippine-culture.html
 Cultural Carribean Niche Markets-5
 Gail Dexter Lord; “Power of Cultural Tourism”; Lac du Flambeau, Wisconsin; September 17, 1999
 “Museum-Crazy in the City”; Philippine Daily Inquirer; April 17, 2002
 Sec. Gemma Cruz-Araneta, “ Community Culture & History: A New Thrust for Philippine Tourism”; Travel Post; December 1998
 Jeannie E. Javelosa; “CCP’s Pearl”; Philippine Post; September 06, 1999
 http://anthro.palomar.edu/culture/culture_1.htm
 http://www.philippinecountry.com/philippine_culture.html
 http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/culture
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture
 http://www.sccs.swarthmore.edu/users/00/ckenned1/definition.html
 http://tourism-philippines.com/festivals/
 http://www.visitmyphilippines.com/index.php?title=Culture&func=all&pid=27&tbl=1
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Philippines
 http://icom.museum/who-we-are/the-vision/museum-definition.html
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum
 UNESCO, Definitions for intangible cultural heritage
APPENDICES
FURNITURE/
SPACES DESCRIPTION ACTIVITIES USERS NO. OF USERS SPACE FACTOR FIXTURES/ RELEVANT CODES AREA
EQUIPMENT
LIVING MUSEUMS
PUBLIC SPACES
where visitors/ tourists may
ask information about the 3 Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
*14.0 m / person *sofa, coffee tables, 2
INFORMATION LOBBY place and its amenities; also it *wait *ALL * 100 users Requirements in determining the 450 m
(NBC) desks, display tables
is a lounge where they can size of rooms.
wait while the show has not
3 Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space

where tourists can buy their *Ticket Officer, *12.0 m / person *desk, chairs, drawers,
TICKETING OFFICE *buy/ sell tickets *3 officers (inside) Requirements in determining the 20 m2
tickets for the shows guests (NBC) computers
size of rooms.
PUBLIC SPACES
a wide room with a large
screen for watching General Requirements for Occupant
CINEMA *watch, eat *Staff, guests *300 seating capacity *0.65 m2/ user (NBC) *chairs, wide monitor 195 m2
documentaries/ film about Loads-National Bldg. Code
the festival
where the users may do their *water closets,
TOILETS *hygienic *ALL *5 cubicles *1.08m2 per Cubicle Sanitation Code of the Philippines 5.4 m2
hygienic activities lavatories
PRIVATE SPACES
a room containing the Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space

*operate *12.0 m3 / person *desk, chairs, drawers,
MECHANICAL ROOM operating system of the *IT Personnel *3 personnels Requirements in determining the 20 m2
computers/systems (NBC) computers
cinema size of rooms.
PUBLIC SPACES
a large room where cultural/
theatrical shows can be
*Performers, staff, General Requirements for Occupant
AUDITORIUM done; here is where the *watch, eat *300 seating capacity *0.65 m2/ user (NBC) *chairs 195 m2
guests Loads-National Bldg. Code
musics and dances will be
performed
SEMI-PRIVATE SPACES
*56.25 m2-
2
*56.25 m - min.; Spatial Requirements for various min.;
an elevated area where *maximum of 30
STAGE AREA *perform *Performers reasonable max.- 169 *curtains, lights types of Theatrical Production- Time reasonable
performances are being held performers 2
m saver Standards max.- 169
2
m
PRIVATE SPACES
a room containing the Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space

*operate *12.0 m3 / person *desk, chairs, drawers, 2
MECHANICAL ROOM operating system of the *IT Personnel *3 personnels Requirements in determining the 20 m
computers/systems (NBC) computers
cinema size of rooms.
*chairs, lights and

area behind the stage area *30 performers, 3 3 Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
*prepare for *14.0 m / person sounds equipments 2
BACKSTAGE where performers are waiting *Performers, Staff technical people, 1 Requirements in determining the *158.67 m
performances, wait (NBC) (small/minor
before their parts choreographer size of rooms.
equipments)
a room for the performers to

*3.5 m2/ person (not
prepare for the show, *30 performers, 3 *dresser, chairs, Metric Handbook Planning and
DRESSING ROOM *make & dress up *Performers, Staff more than 20 person 52.5 m2
retouching/ changing of make-up artists cabinets Design Data- Performer's Spaces
per room)
costumes
room to contain props for the *keep unused things

STORAGE ROOM *Staff, performers *3 personnels *0.9m3/ shelf *shelves/ cabinets Time Saver Standards 0.9 m2
shows for performances
PUBLIC SPACES
KIDDIE ROOM
where parents must sign their Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
*14.0 m3/ person
REGISTRATION AREA names and their child's to *guest registration *Guests, staff * 100 users *desk chairs Requirements in determining the 450 m2
(NBC)
register them inside size of rooms.
General Requirements for Occupant

KID'S AREA storytelling place *watch, eat *Guests, staff *100 users *0.65 m2/ user (NBC) *chairs 65 m2
Loads-National Bldg. Code
Metric Handbook Planning and
a room with shelves full of 2 *shelves, tables, chairs, 2
LIBRARY *read, research *Guests, staff *50 users *3.25 m / person Design Data -Space requirements 162.5 m
kiddie books office table and chair
for readers (research workers)
*play ground
PLAY AREA a space with kid's toys *play *Guests, staff *50 users N/A N/A N/A
equipments
SEMI-PRIVATE SPACES
2
*56.25 m -
2
*56.25 m - min.; Spatial Requirements for various min.;
an elevated area where
STAGE AREA *perform *Performers, staff *5 performers reasonable max.- 169 *curtains, lights types of Theatrical Production- Time reasonable
performances are being held 2
m saver Standards max.- 169
2
m
PRIVATE SPACES
*chairs, lights and

area behind the stage area 3 Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
*prepare for *14.0 m / person sounds equipments
BACKSTAGE where performers are waiting *Performers, staff *10 users Requirements in determining the 46.67 m2
performances, wait (NBC) (small/minor
before their parts size of rooms.
equipments)
a room for the performers to

*3.5 m2/ person (not
prepare for the show, *dresser, chairs, Metric Handbook Planning and
DRESSING ROOM *make & dress up *Performers, staff *5 users more than 20 person 17.5 m2
retouching/ changing of cabinets Design Data- Performer's Spaces
per room)
costumes
room to contain props for the *keep unused things

STORAGE ROOM *Staff, performers * 1 personnel *0.9m3/ shelf *shelves Time Saver Standards 0.9 m2
shows for performances
PUBLIC SPACES
GALLERY
gathering space for the *wait for your Waiting Areas, 25% seating, 75%
LOBBY *Guests, staff *500 users *0.65-0.9 m2/ person *desk & chairs 325 m2
visitors company/ guide standing
*exhibitions, look at 2 *182.08

exhibition space to display *182.08 m / display 2
DISPLAY ROOM the displayed *Guests, staff *300 users *display tables/ shelves Time Saver Standards m / display
artifacts of featured festival. room
artifacts room
where the users may do their 2 *water closets, 2
TOILETS *hygienic *ALL *5 cubicles *1.08m per Cubicle Sanitation Code of the Philippines 5.4 m
PRIVATE SPACES
*office table, office

room to work into for the one *office works, Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
*12.0 m3 / person chairs, sofa, side tables, 2
CURATOR'S OFFICE in charge for the delivered entertain clients/ *Curator, staff *1 officer, 4 staff Requirements in determining the 20 m
(NBC) coffee tables, office
artifacts exhibitor size of rooms.
cabinets, computer

RESEARCHER'S room for the researcher's to *research, office *12.0 m / person chairs, sofa, side tables,
*Researchers, staff *10 users per hour Requirements in determining the 20 m2
OFFICE work into works (NBC) coffee tables, office
size of rooms.
cabinets, computer
space to where delivered facts *loading/ unloading *3 services/ trucks

DELIVERY AREA *Staff N/A N/A N/A N/A
are placed of artifacts to display per day
room to store the artifacts *storing of

SPECIAL STORAGE before and after an exhibit collections/ *0.9m in between 2
*Curator, staff *5 max. users *4 Shelves, 4 cabinets Time Saver Standards 6.3 m
ROOM while it hasn't been conservation of shelves
transported collections
a room containing the utility *keeps utility/
UTILITY ROOM *Staff *3 users/ half hour *0.9m3/ shelf *3 shelves Time Saver Standards 0.9 m2
and maintenance materials. maintenance tools
PUBLIC SPACES
FESTIVAL GROUND
(open area) the space for the
GROUND festival, where the festival will *festival *ALL *500 users N/A N/A N/A N/A
be celebrated.
PRIVATE SPACES
a space in the festival ground *play instruments, Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
3
where the technical materials *Musicians, IT *12.0 m / person 2
MUSICIAN'S BOOTH operates sounds *15 users *chairs, sound system Requirements in determining the 60 m
are placed (such as main personnel (NBC)
system size of rooms.
speakers, operating systems,
RESTAURANTS
PUBLIC SPACES
space to where the foods are

*Guests, waiters, 2 Minimum areas per person- Metric 2
DINING AREA served and consumed by the *eat, serve food *100 diners *1.1 m / person (TSS) *dining tables, chairs 110 m
staff handbook Planning and Design Data
customers

PRIVATE SPACES
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space

area where the foods are *order food, display *12.0 m3 / person *display cabinet,
COUNTER AREA *Registrar, staff *3 cashiers/ 3 staffs Requirements in determining the 24 m2
displayed, order and paid. food (NBC) computer, table, chairs
size of rooms.
*tables, stoves, ovens,

room where foods are *prepare ad cook *Chefs, waiters, General Requirements for Occupant
KITCHEN * 10 kitchen staffs *18.60 m2/person sinks, kitchen cabinets, 186m2
prepared and cooked foods staff Loads-National Bldg. Code
shelves
room specially treated to store

WET STORAGE wet goods (meats, fishes, and *keep wet goods *Staff *Staff (atleast 1) N/A N/A N/A N/A
the like)
room specially treated to store
DRY STORAGE dry goods such as (noodles, *keep dry goods *Staff *Staff (atleast 1) N/A N/A N/A N/A
breads, and the like)
*wash bigger pans/
an area where, other than
excess dishes (if the
SERVICE AREA food preparation and cooking *Staff *5 staff (max) N/A N/A N/A N/A
kitchen area can't
are done
handle all)
area where garbages are
WASTE DISPOSAL
being placed for garbage *dispose wastes *Staff *1 staff N/A N/A N/A N/A
AREA
collectors to gather
room where laundry services *do the laundry
Space Requirements for Laundry
LAUNDRY ROOM for mantels of the restaurant (mantles, napkins, *Staff *3 staff *0.7 m2/ person *washer, cabinets, dryer 2.1 m2
Rooms-Time Saver Standards
takes place etc)
a room for the employees Size of place setting- Time Saver

EMPLOYEE'S *rest, eat, chat, keep *Staff, chef, 2 *dining table for 10, 2
during breaks and before & *10 users/ hr *0.5 m / person (TSS) Standards for Building Types (2nd 5m
LOUNGE/ PANTRY things waiters, registrar chairs, lockers
after they start working edition)

a room for the manager where *office works, *12.0 m / person chairs, sofa, side tables, 2
MANAGER'S OFFICE *Manager, guests *5 users Requirements in determining the 20 m
he does his work entertain clients (NBC) coffee tables, office
size of rooms.
cabinets, computer
utility room for the whole living *keeps utility/

UTILITY ROOM *Staff *2 staff *0.9m3/ shelf *3 shelves Time Saver Standards 0.9 m2
museum's premises maintenance tools
FURNITURE/
NO. OF SPACE
SPACES DESCRIPTION ACTIVITIES USERS FIXTURES/ RELEVANT CODES AREA
USERS FACTOR
EQUIPMENT
REHEARSAL BUILDING
PUBLIC SPACES
*sofa, coffee
2
a wide space for the performers *Performers, *max. of 50 *0.65-0.9 m / tables, benches, Waiting Areas, 25%
LOBBY *wait 47.5 m2
to stay while waiting staff users person display tables, seating, 75% standing
display cabinets
REHEARSAL ROOMS
PUBLIC SPACES
Performers' spaces-
a wide rectangular room where *Performers, * 30
*practice for 2 *music players, Metric Handbook
REHEARSAL AREA performers will practice their choreographe performers, 1 *2 m / person 62 m2
performances fixed speakers Planning and Design
performances rs, staff choreo
Data
where the users may do their *Staff, *1.08m2 per *water closets, Sanitation Code of the
TOILETS *hygienic *3 cubicles 3.24 m2
hygienic activities performers Cubicle lavatories Philippines
PRIVATE SPACES
a room for the performers' things *keep things, freshen *Performers, *15 *min. of 0.50m
LOCKER ROOM *lockers, chairs Time Saver Standards 7.5 m2
to keep up, change clothes staff performers depth/ locker
a room where the performers Time Saver Standards-

*Performers, *10 users (2 2 *shower, 2
SHOWER ROOM may take their shower after *shower/ freshen up *0.8 m / cubicle minimum dimensions for 1.6 m
staff at a time) lavatory, WC
rehearsals Shower area
2
*3.5 m / person Metric Handbook
a room either for male or female
*dress/make-up for *Performers, *15 (not more than *dresser, chairs, Planning and Design
DRESSING ROOMS where they can put their 52.5 m2
performances staff performers 20 person per cabinets Data- Performer's
costumes on
room) Spaces
room for storing props and *keep performance *Staff,
STORAGE ROOM *staff *0.9m3/ shelf *3 shelves Time Saver Standards 0.9 m2
costumes of the performers props and other things performers
PUBLIC SPACES
a place where the performers

Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air
may stay during breaks; where *benches, sofa,
3
*Performers, *12.0 m / Space Requirements in
PERFORMERS' LOUNGE they can converse with other *chat, gather *60 users coffee tables, 240 m2
staff person (NBC) determining the size of
performers and build side tables
rooms.
companies with each other
2
where the users may do their *Staff, *1.08m per *water closets, Sanitation Code of the
PUBLIC SPACES
Minimum areas per

a place where the performers 2
*Performers, *50 users at *1.1 m / person *dining tables, person- Metric
DINING HALL may consume their food after *eat 110 m2
staff a time (TSS) chairs handbook Planning and
rehearsals/performances
Design Data
where the users may do their *Staff, *1.08m2 per *water closets, Sanitation Code of the
PRIVATE SPACES
*stoves, sinks,
space to where the foods are
2 kit.cabinets, 2
KITCHEN served and consumed by the *prepare/ cook food *Chef, staff *3 staff *0.65 m /person Time Saver Standards 1.95 m
shelves, oven,
customers
table
*keep
STORAGE ROOM a room to store goods utility/maintenance *Staff *2 staffs *0.9m3/ shelf *3 shelves Time Saver Standards 0.9 m2
tools
Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air
3
area where the foods are *Staff, *12.0 m / *display cabinet, Space Requirements in 2
COUNTER *display/ get food *2 staffs 8m
displayed and served performers person (NBC) table, chairs determining the size of
rooms.
PRIVATE SPACES
sleeping rooms provided for
*Performers, *10 beds/ * beds, side Time Saver Standards
SLEEPING QUARTERS guest performers, sometimes *sleep *1.8m2/ bed 18 m2
staff room tables, closets (Area of a bed)
the local performers.
2
where the users may do their *Performers, *10 persons *1.2 m *shower, 2
TOILET & BATH *hygienic minimum/ NBC 12 m
hygienic activities and take baths staff per BR lavatory, WC
person
a room to store things for the *keeps maintenance
MAIN STORAGE ROOM whole rehearsal building (like and utility tools for the *Staff *2 staffs *0.9m3/ shelf *5 shelves Time Saver Standards 1.5 m2
unused props, beddings, etc) whole building
FURNITURE/
NO. OF SPACE
SPACES DESCRIPTION ACTIVITIES USERS FIXTURES/ RELEVANT CODES AREA
USERS FACTOR
EQUIPMENT
SOUVENIRS' BLDG.
PUBLIC SPACES
parted rooms for displaying Time Saver Standards-

*Staff, *10 persons/ *display racks, desk,
STALLS goods to sell (souvenirs and *buy/ sell goods *4m2/ person Typical store layouts 40 m2
tourists hr. chairs
delicacies) with center cases
2
where the users may do their *1.08m per *water closets, Sanitation Code of the 2
TOILETS *hygienic *ALL *5 cubicles 5.4 m
hygienic activities Cubicle lavatories Philippines
PRIVATE SPACES
a room to store utility materials for *keeps utility/
MAINTENANCE ROOM (General) *Staff *2 staffs *0.9m3/ shelf *3 shelves Time Saver Standards 0.9 m2
the maintenance of the structure maintenance tools
STORAGE ROOM a room to store the goods *keep other goods *Staff *1 staff *0.9m3/ shelf *3 shelves Time Saver Standards 0.9 m2
Size of place setting-

a room for employees to stay during *0.5 m2/
*eat/ keep things of Time Saver Standards
PANTRY/LOCKER ROOM breaks and keep their personal *Staff *3 staff person *table, chairs, lockers 1.5 m2
employers for Building Types (2nd
things (TSS)
edition)
PRIVATE SPACES
3 *office tables, office Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air
*Head *12.0 m /
chairs, small cabinets, Space Requirements in
MAIN OFFICE head staff for marketing office *office works Officer, *5 users person 20 m2
shelves, sofa, coffee determining the size of
guests (NBC)
table, computers rooms.
3 *office tables, office Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air

a room for main staff of the structure *Staff, head *12.0 m /
*offcie works/ entertain chairs, small cabinets, Space Requirements in
STAFF'S AREA including a head staff for marketing officer, *5 staff person 20 m2
clients, guests shelves, sofa, coffee determining the size of
team guests (NBC)
table, computers rooms.
NO. OF SPACE FURNITURE/ FIXTURES/
SPACES DESCRIPTION ACTIVITIES USERS RELEVANT CODES AREA
USERS FACTOR EQUIPMENT
ADMINISTRATION BUILDING
PUBLIC SPACES
first space when you enter the 2 *sofa, coffee tables,

*staff, officers, *20 people/ *0.65-0.9 m / Waiting Areas, 25% seating, 75%
LOBBY building where you can find the *wait benches, display tables, 13 m2
visitor/ guests half hour person standing
information desk display cabinets
a space where you can ask Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
*10 people/ 3
INFORMATION DESK about what you need inside the *ask, register *staff, guests *14.0 m / person *desk, chairs, computer Requirements in determining the size of 46.67 m2
hour
building rooms.
Sanitation Code of the Philippines;

where the users may do their *1.08m2 per
PUBLIC TOILETS *hygienic activities *25-50 users *3 cubicles *water closets, lavatories Sanitary installation-Metric Handbook 3.24 m2
hygienic activities Cubicle
Planning and Design Data
SEMI-PRIVATE SPACES
Main Administration (Department Offices)
the place where the director's

secretary stays; near the *office works, *1 Secretary, *5 users *12.0 m3 / person *office table, office chairs,
SECRETARY'S AREA Requirements in determining the size of 20 m2
director's office-preferably space entertain guests 4 guests max. (NBC) shelves, cabinets, computer
rooms.
before entering director's office
*office tables, office chairs,

area for the office's staff where *office works, *Staff, Dept. *12.0 m3 / person small cabinets, shelves, 2
STAFF AREA *10 Requirements in determining the size of 40 m
they do their works. entertain guests head, guests (NBC) sofa, coffee table,
rooms.
computers
PRIVATE SPACES
*office table, office chairs,
a room where the director of the *1 Director, 3 Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
*5 users *12.0 m / person sofa, side tables, coffee
DIRECTOR'S OFFICE building does his works; also, *office works max of 4 Requirements in determining the size of 20 m2
max. (NBC) tables, office cabinets,
here he receives his guests. guests rooms.
computer
a room inside the main office for *office table, office chairs,
the department head where he *office works, *Head Officer, *max. of 5 *12.0 m / person sofa, side tables, coffee 2
HEAD OFFICE Requirements in determining the size of 20 m
does his work and receives entertain guests guests users (NBC) tables, office cabinets,
rooms.
guests. computer
a room for the employees during 2 *dining table for 8, chairs, Size of place setting- Time Saver
*rest, eat, chat, keep *Head Officer *0.5 m / person
PANTRY/ LOUNGE breaks and before & after they *10 users lockers, kitchen cabinets, Standards for Building Types (2nd 5 m2
things & staff (TSS)
start working kitchen sink edition)
2
where the users may do their *Staff, Dept. *1.08m per 2
TOILET *hygienic activities *1 cubicle *water closets, lavatories Sanitation Code of the Philippines 1.08 m
hygienic activities head Cubicle
a room that contains the main *office tables, office chairs,

IT ROOM (IT Services *Staff, Dept. *3 *1 m2/ computer *Metric Handbook Planning & Design
computers for the buildings' IT *computer operating computers (operating 3 m2
Department) head, guests computers table Data
services. system)
a room for the employees during

LOCKER AREA (Sec. *keep things, change *max. of 20 *min. of 0.50m
breaks and before & after they *Staff *lockers, chairs Time Saver Standards 10 m2
& Maint. Dept.) clothes users depth/ locker
start working
*keep utility and
UTILITY ROOM (Sec. a room containing the utility and *Maintenance *max. of 10
maintenance *0.9m3/ shelf *3 shelves Time Saver Standards 0.9 m2
& Maint. Dept.) maintenance materials. Staff users
materials
where the users may do their *Staff, Dept. *1 unit per *1.08m2 per
TOILET *hygienic activities *water closets, lavatories Sanitation Code of the Philippines 1.08 m2
hygienic activities head department Cubicle
a room where the officers gather 2
*20.16 m (formal *conference table for 10,
and talk about the things about
*meetings, entertain *Officers, *max of 15 meetings) ; chairs, shelves, side tables, Metric Handbook Planning and Design 20. 16 m2/
MEETING ROOM the whole structure; where they
entertain clients and sometimes,
guests/clients staff, guests users 12.4m2 (informal projector screen, projector, Data 12.4 m2
meetings) white board
guests.
Park & Museum Administration

PUBLIC SPACES
LIBRARY *Researchers, *study tables, chairs, office Metric Handbook Planning and Design
a room containing shelves of
(Entertainment/ Cultural *research, read head officer, *5 users/ hr *3.25 m2/ person table, book shelves, office Data -Space requirements for readers 16.25 m
2
books/references for researchers
Research Department) guests cabinet, computers (research workers)
SEMI-PRIVATE SPACES
*office tables, office chairs,

*office works, 3 Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
area for the office's staff where *min. of 5 *12.0 m / person small cabinets, shelves, 2
STAFF AREA research, entertain *Staff, guests Requirements in determining the size of 20 m
they do their works. users (NBC) sofa, coffee table,
guests rooms.
computers
PRIVATE SPACES
*office table, office chairs,

a room where the administrator Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
ADMINISTRATOR OFFICE (Park *office works, *Administrator *max. of 5 *12.0 m3 / person sofa, side tables, coffee 2
does his works; also, here he Requirements in determining the size of 20 m
& Museum Administration) entertain guests , guests users (NBC) tables, office cabinets,
receives his guests. rooms.
computer
a room inside the main office for *office table, office chairs,
the department head where he *office works, *Head Officer, *max. of 5 *12.0 m3 / person sofa, side tables, coffee 2
HEAD OFFICE Requirements in determining the size of 20 m
does his work and receives entertain guests guests users (NBC) tables, office cabinets,
rooms.
guests. computer
RESEARCHER'S *office tables, office chairs,

*office works, *Researchers, 3 Chapter 8, Sec. 807- Air Space
AREA (Entertainment/ area for the researchers' staff *12.0 m / person small cabinets, shelves,
research, entertain head officer, *5 users Requirements in determining the size of 20 m2
Cultural Research where they do their works. (NBC) sofa, coffee table,
guests guests rooms.
Department) computers
a room for the employees during *dining table for 8, chairs, Size of place setting- Time Saver
*rest, eat, chat, keep *Head Officer *0.5 m2/ person
PANTRY/ LOUNGE breaks and before & after they *10 users lockers, kitchen cabinets, Standards for Building Types (2nd 5 m2
things & staff (TSS)
start working kitchen sink edition)
where the users may do their *Staff, Dept. *1 unit per *1.08m2 per 2
TOILET *hygienic activities *water closets, lavatories Sanitation Code of the Philippines 1.08 m
hygienic activities head department Cubicle

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MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment

A Proposed Philippine Cultural Living Museum

In partial fulfillment of the course requirements in

Arch. Anna Christina Ealdama

Arch. Felix Ressurreccion Arch. Marlon Carino Arch. Perry Sanga

Arch. Gloria B. Teodoro

ARCH’T. CHRISTINA EALDAMA, MS.ARCH

ATERRADO, KATRINA VANESSA T.

About her thesis:

1.0 The Problem

2.0 Sustaining Green Spaces Whilst Designing an Enclosed Structure

3.0 Architectural Programming Data

Chapter 1 own people. Based on the www.philippinecountry.com, our colorful and

important because it is the “living culture,”

 What are the new technologies and trends in Architecture that

Philippines and incorporate them in the structure.

Architecture. target beneficiaries such as the succeeding batches of architecture

support or may also correct the statements or information that will be

the Philippine culture, of how Architecture may help in the prevention of

1.4.2. Significance of the Project TO THE LOCALS (SITE):

authentic intangible cultures. As a result to these, the Philippines will performers.

excitement, wonders of culture and creativity will be seen and

TO THE FILIPINOS: experienced.

the patriotism since they know how they started.

this way by the pioneer English Anthropologist Edward B. Tylor in his

culture – the intangible properties aside from the tangible properties

powerful human tool for survival, but it is a fragile phenomenon. It is properties?

evolutions such as: wisdom, knowledge, know-how, arts, literature,

rights instruments, as well as with the requirements of mutual respect

2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural development.

Heritage, the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) – or living heritage – is

of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.

According to the UNESCO, cultural heritage is not limited to material

opened the door to new approaches to the understanding, protection

Based on the “Tourism Development and Community: Four Philippine

as well as traditional ethnic beliefs greatly influenced the Filipiono way

based on social and economical states. Because of the new generation,

Based on an article from http://www.sccs.swarth- contact, in a touring situation.

more.edu/users/00/ckenned1/definition.html, Hughes (1996) argues

as “ethnic tourism”. However, I do not find this distinction particularly

popularity of short “get-away” trips, have an impact on the types of

it is; cultural tourism may incorporate experience in it so as to make it

Post on December 1998 issue, entitled, “Community Culture & History: A

now gone. under social and political pressures.

General Conference in Vienna, Austria, in 2007). 1974).

section. Traditionally, the primary mission of a museum is to safeguard Strategic Plan

community requirements, staffing, facilities, and financial resources.

Museum Mission Statement

Edition) be welcoming and comfortable, human dimension to the building and

presence and human scale. other Asian cultures.

from Spain. As a result, there is a significant amount of Spanish and

Mexican influence in Philippine customs and

law, the thousands of Spanish loanwords in native languages such

Tangible property in law is, literally, anything which can be touched,

language, and in contemporary pop culture, such

as fastfood, music, film and basket-ball. Visual Arts

as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, clay, copper or concrete,

and may incorporate multiple other materials including sand, clay,

paper, gold leaf as well as objects.

Painting is a mode of expression and the forms are

numerous. Drawing, composition or abstraction and other aesthetics

may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the