Inefficient waste collection systems lead to environmental pollution, which in

turn results in breeding of insects, animal scavengers and rodents, and giving rise
to range of diseases. The traditional method includes burning of the waste if not
collected in time. Burning of waste causes air pollution to great extent.
Uncontrolled release of methane by an aerobic decomposition of waste also adds
in social health issues.

Normally, the municipal/corporation authorities maintain dust bins at specific

places in the domestic areas where the residents are instructed to dispose their
household wastage. Though the authorities are instructed to clear away the
wastage within a specific time period, they end up clearing them after few days
by the time, the dustbins start over overflowing and smelling. Therefore,
degradation of the waste also causes bacterial & viruses to grow, thereby affecting
the public health.
Solid waste collection is one of the costliest services provided by a city to its
residents. Between 75-80% of the solid waste management budget is spent on
collection and transfer costs. Therefore, productivity of collection and transfer
operations is of significant concern to the city administrators. Collection and
disposal operations begin when customers’ waste is placed for pick-up and ends
when the waste is discarded at a disposal or processing site. Rising waste disposal
costs and

high visibility of waste collection operations are forcing residents to demand

efficient collection and disposal of solid waste. The purpose of this paper is to
suggest a schedule for allocation of trucks for collection of waste and dumping
them to the existing disposal sites so as to minimize costs.

In every city, many trucks are used to collect and transport waste from different
parts of cities to landfills, incinerators and transfer stations. The waste emptied at
transfer stations is transported for final disposal using large vehicles such as
barges and large capacity trucks. The waste sent to incinerators is burned and the
residue is transported for ultimate disposal. As a result of increased regulations
and public pressures, waste collection and disposal systems are in continuous
change in almost all countries. In those places where land becomes limited and
regulations increase, landfills are being closed. With a view to reducing the
dependence on landfills for disposal, some cities are trying various alternatives
including processing, exporting and prevention.

Currently we find the trucks landing at our doorstep irregularly. These trucks
discard their further path if they get filled at some point. Eventually delaying
collection of waste in some regions. This leads to waste accumulation in such
regions.
In order to avoid this, we have come up with the new system for scheduling trucks
for waste collection. The proposed system finds out the shortest path to collect
the waste so that waste collection can be maximized with less fuel consumption.
The waste which generates harmful gases need to be collected at its earliest so
the system considers those bins for prior collection. Human health issues related
to the overloaded waste bins and harmful gas levels in the atmosphere can be
reduced by the use of proposed system, as it focuses on collecting the waste
efficiently and in time. Database maintained at the central server can be used to
generate the monthly or yearly reports regarding amount of waste collected in a
month or year, quantity of fuel consumed. This data can be used to predict the
amount of waste that might be generated next year.

As a developing nation and as one of the most populous country in the world we
in India face unique problems that require a unique solution such problem is that
of waste management. As of there is no proper monitoring system on the working
of labors whoever working in the corporations, if they are failed to clean the
garbage bins within the stipulated time then there must be overflow and so as
diseases and hazardous gases spreads easily which makes city or town worst solid
management .our proposed system continuously monitors the

regularity of cleaning the garbage bins by labors and reports the same to the
corresponding Authority. From Ancestors to today solid waste was majorly due
to less usage of natural resources and more of artificial facts. The major sources
of wastage during past decade were largely vestiges and human ecological waste,
brought into the society with less impact on others. Paraphernalia finished with
things which lasts for long were commonly used so many times or handed over
to their next generations. However, in 19th century, because of some vulnerable
dieses like dengue which puts government to force emergency on public health
safety precautions which raises voices in opposition to this solid waste concern.
The hygienic circumstance of the Laboring people in 1842 of the societal
reformer, Edwin Chadwick, in which he debated for the proper maintenance of
the dust bins, is important for the health of the peoples who live in cities.

Generally solid waste is nothing but wastage from houses, industries, institutions
such as hospitals, markets and streets. All these types of solid waste are becoming
a major problem to the society due to lack of monitoring of garbage bins cleaning
system. A significant amount of solid waste generated in country are not collected
and managed properly. Wastes are either burned openly in the streets or end up
with empty land, or they can be dumped into the rivers which will cause serious
health issues to humans as well as aqua culture. In the conventional approach,
large number of cleaning vehicles along with labors are sent to the places where
the garbage is present and in most cases these labors whoever went for the
cleaning are not responsible enough to clean properly which makes city more
polluted Due this the garbage spills on to the streets. As a result of this infectious
diseases are caused.

Things that are connected to Internet and sometimes these devices can be
controlled from the internet is commonly called as Internet of Things. The
Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept in which surrounding objects are connected
through wired and wireless networks without user intervention. In the field of
IoT, the objects communicate and exchange information to provide advanced
intelligent services for users. Owing to the recent advances in mobile devices
equipped with various sensors and communication modules, together with
communication network technologies such as Wi-Fi and LTE, the IoT has gained
considerable academic interests. Owing to the characteristics and merits of IoT
services, waste management has also become a significant issue in academia,
industry, and government as major IoT application fields. An indiscriminate and
illegal discharge of waste, an absence of waste disposal and management
systems, and inefficient waste management policies have caused serious
environmental problems and have incurred considerable costs for waste disposal.
In our system, the Smart dust bins are connected to the internet to get the real
time information of the smart dustbins. In the recent years, there was a rapid
growth in population which leads to more waste disposal. So a proper waste
management system is necessary to avoid spreading some deadly diseases.
Managing the smart bins by monitoring the status of it and accordingly taking the
decision. This waste is further picked up by the municipal corporations to finally
dump it in dumping areas and landfills. But due to lack of resources, ineffective
groundwork, some waste is not collected which poses serious health hazard to the
surrounding environment. Proper cleaning intervals may provide a solution to this
problem. But keeping a track of the status of the bin manually is a very difficult
job. There are multiple dustbins are located throughout the city or the Campus In
our system, the Smart dust bins are connected to the internet to get the real time
information of the smart dustbins. These dustbins are interfaced with raspberry
pi based system with ultrasonic sensors. Where the ultrasonic sensor detects the
level of the dust in dustbin and sends the signals to raspberry pi the same signal
are encoded and send to the application and it is received. The data has been
received, analyzed and processed in the database, which displays the status of the
Garbage in the dustbin on the application of authoritized person mobile. The
concerned authority get alert about dustbin is full and informs person whoever is
responsible for collecting garbage from the particular areas. The garbage trucks
collect the garbage from the completely full dustbin and dispose it.
Introduction
Smart city is an urban area that uses different types of sensor to acquired data
which is used to manage assets and resources efficiently. Garbage collection in
cities must be properly monitored, but manual monitoring of the garbage
handling activities is a tedious process so there is a need for automation which
will monitor the garbage vehicle properly for the smart cities. To maintain clean
cities and good health of public proper management of garbage is very essential
delayed waste disposal and improper treatment of the waste can cause
environmental pollution and can affect vegetation and living organism. Hence a
systematically controlled waste management system is necessary

Garbage waste may be divided into two main category such as solid waste and
liquid waste. Liquid waste can be easily disposed through pipelines to the
drainage. But solid wastes are not intended to dispose at faraway place outside
the city. The current practice is to collect the garbage by vehicle with dustbin.
The vehicle goes to different collecting location in city and garbage is put in bin
in public. After collecting when bin is full the vehicle goes to the dumping yard
and dispose the garbage. Manual monitoring of all these activities is difficult as
several vehicle have to collect garbage from different part of the city. Several
instances reported in media that garbage is not collected properly, hence
monitoring of the vehicle is very essential.

To perform a literature survey and study the existing garbage handling in city.

o • To design the garbage collecting bin to be fixed on the vehicle

o • To design a weight measuring system to measure quantity of
garbage

collected using load cell.

o • To design level detecting system to find the level of the garbage

filled in bin.
o • To develop a tracking system using GPS to find location of
vehicle during collecting period.
o • To develop a program to control various activities and also to
find any deviation from the predefined schedule.
o • Any deviation detected can be intimated immediately to the
mobile and also display on the main computer at the central
monitoring station.
o • To display the vehicle location on the monitor at the central
monitoring station.
OBJECTIVE

The objective of this project is to design and develop a system to monitor the
garbage vehicle automatically.
The proposed system provides facilities to monitor whether

• • the vehicle has collected the garbage from all the collecting locations
allotted or not
• • Sufficient time is provided at each location or not.
• • optimum load is collected or not
• • disposal is done at the prefixed place or not

A. Internet of Things (IOT)

IOT is an evolving concept with an increasing range of applications leading to

development of new technologies and

methods for the improvement of IOT environment. Here the things are connected
and controlled by the Internet.
IOT includes following six elements [1]:

• IOT identification: IOT identification is required to match the name and

the services as per the need. Identification includes addressing the IOT
objects, which consists of two things: Object ID and its address.
Identification method is not unique one, for unique identification of the
objects address is required.
• IOT Sensing: Sensing is required to collect the relevant information from
the network of related objects and to send it back to the server or cloud.
Smart sensors, actuators or wearable sensing devices can be the IOT
sensors.
• IOT Communication: To deliver specific smart services we need to
connect heterogeneous objects together. This feature is provided by the
IOT communication technology in the presence of lossy and noisy
communication links, the nodes of IOT can be operated using low power.
• IOT Computation: The computational competence of the IOT is
processing units and software applications.
 • IOT Semantics: Semantic in the IOT refers to extraction of knowledge
wisely by different systems

to provide the required services.

• IOT Services: Identity related services, information

aggregation services, collaborative-aware services, Ubiquitous services are

the main IOT services.

IOT includes three main system level characteristics:

Anything Communicates: Smart things have the capability of wireless
communication between them

and from adhoc networks of interconnected objects.

Anything identifies: Smart objects are recognized by

digital name.

These trends support the development of Smart City concepts, which are intended
to improve living in urban areas by using innovative technologies. The “Internet
of Things” provides new opportunities for making cities smarter. By introducing
the Smart Waste Management System, we are taking key step towards becoming
a Smart

City[3].

We have few garbage bins placed in cities which is overflowing and it checked
by local authorities there are all types of garbage all disposed in bins and it all
dumped together. So we designed the new concept of waste management disposal
using automatic garbage level detecting from ultrasonic sensors and it will
provide real time information about dustbins which is situated city. we classified

waste in following categories:

The garbage dustbins is filled these information can be send to the concerned
authority person to clean the dustbin. For real time information we use
GSM[5].GSM is now back bone of communication system which is low cost and
high performance device and easy to implement. And another application are
used in these system is GPS. GPS will show the location of the dustbin. the
working of GSM module is give message signal when the dustbin is 90% filled.
The targeted waste. Collection saves time, money, and fuel and also reduces
exhaust Gas emissions and noise levels for local residents. Garbage truck tours
can be reduced by 30 %. There might be more cities benefitting from this system
in future—twenty other countries