Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Fire Damper

    Uploaded by

    mark amthony
    82 views7 pages
    Donald John Trump is the 45th and current president of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality. Trump was born and raised in Queens, a borough of New York City.

    Original Title

    Fire damper

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Donald John Trump is the 45th and current president of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality. Trump was born and raised in Queens, a borough of New York City.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    82 views7 pages

    Fire Damper

    Uploaded by

    mark amthony
    Donald John Trump is the 45th and current president of the United States. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality. Trump was born and raised in Queens, a borough of New York City.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 7
    917222018 Fire damper - Wikipedia WIKIPEDIA Fire damper Fire dampers are passive fire protection products used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) ducts to prevent the spread of fire inside the ductwork through fire-resistance rated walls and floors. Fire/smoke dampers are similar to fire dampers in fire resistance rating, and also prevent the spread of smoke inside the ducts. When a rise in temperature occurs, the fire damper closes, usually activated by a thermal clement which melts at temperatures higher than ambient but low enough to indicate the presence of a fire, allowing springs to close the damper blades. Fire dampers can also close following receipt of an electrical signal from a fire alarm system utilising detectors remote from the damper, indicating the sensing of heat or smoke in the building occupied spaces or in the HVAC duct system. Regulations and fire test regimes vary from one country to another, which can result in different designs and applications. Contents Fire dampers for ducts Mechanical dampers Intumescent dampers PFP/AFP Hybrid Air transfer dampers Fire damper inspections and maintenance See also References External links Fire dampers for ducts Interior of German mechanical fire damper inside of a galvanised steel duct. Mechanical dampers hitpsion wikipedia orgwikiFire_dampor w 612272018 Fie damper - Wikipedia. German fire damper in North American fire Side view of North European fire damper Underground parking of dampers, ready for American fire damper, with interior fire-resisting @ commercial building. installation in Durasteel showing the closing board, Unlike it North fireresistance rated mechanism that shuts ‘American pressurisation ductwork. the interior blades. An contemporaries, this air gap of maximum 1/8" damper —_ addresses. per linear foot of width smoke migration through facilitate installation and the damper’s annulus. allows smoke migration through the assembly. European dampers. conceal this mechanism, with exterior firestop mortar acting as both a heatsink and smoke seal Sa Fire damper in oversized hole in a 2-hour rated conerete slab, The annulus permits smoke migration, Mechanical dampers shut the cross sectional area of a duct in the event of a fire either by means of pivoting a fire-resistant board (in Europe), or by means of steel shutters, similar to blinds on a window (in North America). In the European designs, the turning mechanism is fully contained, permitting the dampers (subject to type approval) to be grouted in place, which permits a heat sink effect to conduct heat from an accidental building fire, which impinges upon a duet and damper, to be conducted into surrounding structures. This also addresses the topic of smoke migration through the damper's annulus. In North American damper designs, the closing mechanism for the interior shutters resides on the le of the damper, which is why NFPA 80 expressly prohibits the installation or presence of any materials in the hitpsion wikipedia orgwikiFire_dampor an 27272018 Fite damper - Wikipedia damper’s annulus, which are not mentioned in the manufacturer's instructions, which are governed by their certification listings. The closing mechanism must be allowed to operate, which necessitates that the annulus remain open, apart from an angle iron lip that surrounds the damper through-penetration in fire-resistance rated wall and floor assemblies. Maintenance efforts of mechanical dampers of both European and North American mechanical damper designs focus on the function of the mechanical shutting of the opening (which must be performed during inspection), as well as removal of, any foreign objects that may otherwise impair this function. Intumescent dampers Intumescent damper Round _intumescent insert, Openings in the damper insert, unit swell shut as a result of intumescence in case of fire or heat exposure, Intumescent dampers may be qualified to ISO 10294-5:2005 Fire dampers for air distribution systems—Part 5: Intumescent fire dampers. They swell shut due to intumescence in the event of a fire, Unlike mechanical dampers, itis a physical/chemical reaction that causes the closure to work, Provided the intumescent is within demonstrable ageing and/or shelf life and providing the absence of massive combustible objects (sabotage), the damper is certified to maintain its functionality subject to its certification listing or type approval. In other words, cleaning (when necessary) and an age assessment comprise the inspection. The annulus of an intumescent damper shut as per its certification listing, such that the intumescent can press against a shut frame to close the opening, thus eliminating annular smoke migration, PFP/AFP Hybrid Both mechanical and intumescent dampers form part of passive fire protection (PFP) systems, such as fire-resistance rated walls floors, or even ducts or cable tray fireproofing. As such, they are PFP systems. However, whether an opening is ‘mechanically closed or whether it is the physical/chemical action of an intumescent that does the work, the fact that they are activated by heat and then move to fulfil a fire safety function, also technically qualifies them to form part of active fire protection (AFP) systems Air transfer dampers Air transfer fire dampers (ATFD) are not protected by ductwork and must therefore be installed and manufactured to standards and tests that take into account room fire exposures. Air transfer fire dampers are passive such as intumescent types or mechanical types. They are designed for fire resistance, direct flame resistance in the open state or for smoke resistance or for combinations. Some designs are for exterior use, some are for hygienic zone use and some are for Ex-zone applications. hitpsion wikipedia orgwikiFire_dampor ar 612272018 Fie damper - Wikipedia. Depending on regional regulation, they are either tested to the same exposure as wall and floor building elements or tested slightly different such as for cable or pipe penetrations. In Europe, Sm or Sa classifications can be obtained for cold smoke resistance or cold and hot smoke resistance respectively. In the US, listing can be issued for use in wildfire exposure. Contrary to dampers in duets the closing time of ATFDs are crucial to avoid fire passing during the open state. For applications where direct flame penetration is not allowed through openings that are normally in open state, ATFDs must pass adequate standards. In the US, ASTM E2912 verify direct flame resistance in the open state and ASTM E19 for closed state. Air transfer fire dampers for walls or floors are usually designed for flush installation and comes in multiple sizes. Dampers are listed for vertical or horizontal installation or both and for one- or two-way fire exposure. Performance may be fire rated resistance as the compartment they serve, with or without smoke resistance. In Europe, the harmonized ETAG 026 Part 4 apply to classification of ATFDs. Fire element for air Air transfer damper transfer dampers for mounted in wall walls Air transfer fire dampers for doors are designed and tested for use in the lower part of door leaves and cannot be installed elsewhere or higher. In Europe, the fire door test EN 14600 and EN 1634-1 applies. Air transfer fire dampers in facades are vents applied in wall, eave soffit, gable or foundation. In the US, these are used to protect from exterior fire exposure from neighboring structure or via window-, arson- and wildfire (ASTM E2912 plus ASTM E119) or against wildfire only (ASTM E2886). In Europe, air transfer grilles for walls ean be applied externally once a national assessment of suitability for the application in regards of embers, direct flame impingement, environmental impacts ete. has been done. Ventilating cavity fire barriers is a type of air transfer fire damper used in cavities or voids in constructions with natural ventilation, typically inside air gaps behind cladding. These are often subject to sudden direct flame impingement. In the US, ASTM E2912 cover testing, combined with E119 where required. A method to verify performance in the open state, similar to E2912, is being assessed in Europe by CEN, hitpsion wikipedia orgwikiFire_dampor an 612272018 Fie damper - Wikipedia. Cavity barrier with Cavity barrier invisible instant fire stop behind cladding Dampers for ducts applied as air transfer dampers: Allowances exist for use of duct dampers as air transfer fire dampers. Since these typically will be too hot, and even allow penetration of flames to the unexposed side during fire, they ‘must be modified and classified for such application, To achieve this they are tested with a grid on either side to prevent combustibles to be stored too close to hot parts or flaming. Some jurisdictions prescribe a general grid for use in front of listed duet dampers, which are not listed for use without duetwork. Fire damper inspections and maintenance In the US, the Joint Commission, State Fire Marshals and Other Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ's), require Fire and Smoke Dampers to be tested at specified intervals. Similarly, European authorities mandate maintenance a and repairs of fire dampers also, as part of approvals or listings issued following successful testing of fire Fire damper deficiency: The installed annular clearance around damper assemblies. Therefore, fire the damper violates the certification dampers that are not demonstrably listing maintained per regulations: constitute fire code violations because installed but unmaintained fire dampers no longer comply with their certification listings. In regions which enforce NFPA Standards (e.g, North America), fire dampers and combination fire/smoke dampers require inspection and testing one year after installation, and then every 4 years; except in hospitals, where the frequency shall be every 6 years." Documentation indicating the location of Site kno rpeneoneconst ie shina te (iletineeed lend be cipeaniseaana hee ‘Pept rusting re noceay hi ste ap nd Sek The damper's certification listing is. Violated because the damper shares the opening with other through- penetrants and the drywall fire- separation is not continuous. the damper, date of inspection, name of inspector and deficiencies discovered is also required |2) Repairs should begin without delay if a damper is found inoperable] See also = Blast damper hitpsion wikipedia orgwikiFire_dampor sn 917222018 Fire damper - Wikipedia = HVAC = Passive fire protection = Active fire protection = Fire test * Listing and approval use and compliance = Sheet metal References 1. NFPA 80 Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows, section 2. NFPA 80 Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows 3, NFPA 80 Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows, section 19.5.3. External links = UL treatise on fre dampers (http:wmw-ul.comiglobal/eng/pages/offerings/perspectives/regulator/electrical/additionalr esources/dampers/) = Abstract on ULSSS Standard on Fire Dampers (hitp:/lulstandardsinfonet.ul.com/scopes/scopes.asp?n=05SS.ntml) = Abstract on ULS55s Standard for Smoke Dampers (hitp://www.ul.com/global/eng/pages/solutions/standards/accessst andards/catalogofstandards/standard/?id=555S_4) = Abstract on ULS5Sc Standard on Gelling Dampers (hitp:/ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com/scopes/scopes.asp7fr mi) = UL Marking and Application Guide for Dampers (http:/www.ul.com/globalidocuments/offerings/perspectives/regulator sipublications/Dampers_MG pd) = Abstract on UL33 Heat Responsive Links for Fire-Protection Service (hitp:/lulstandardsinfonet ul.com/scopes/scopes. ‘asp?in=0033.html) + ASTM £2912 Standard Test Method for Fire Test of Non-Mechanical Fire Dampers Used in Vented Construction (htt pillwww.astm.org/Standards/E2912.htm) = ASTM E2886 Access Portal: Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Ability of Exterior Vents to Resist the Entry of Embers and Direct Flame Impingement (http:/www.astm.org/Standards/E2886.htm) = NFPA 80 Access Portal: Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening Protectives (http:/Avww.nfpa.orgicodes-and-stan dards/document-information-pages?mode=code&code=80) = NFPA 90A Access: Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems (http:/iwww.nfpa.orgicode s-and-standards/document information-pagesmode=code8&.code=90a) = NEPA 105 Access: Standard for the Installation of Smoke Door Assemblies and Other Opening Protectives (http:/ww w.nfpa org/codes-and-standards/document-information-pages 7modo=code&codo=105) = Access Portal: SMACNA Fire, Smoke, and Radiation Damper Installation Guide for HVAC (http:/www smacna.orgibo okstore/pdf_tocl02FSDG_F pai) = 14600 Access Portal: Doorsets and openable windows with fre resisting and/or smoke control characteristics = Requirements and classification (http: /www.en-standard eulesn-en-14600-doorsets-and-openable-windows-withefire-r esisting-and-or-smoke-control-characteristics-requirements-and-classifcatior/EN) = EN 1634-1 Access Portal: Fire resistance and smoke control tests for door and shutter assemblies, openable windows and elements of building hardware - Part 1: Fire resistance test for door and shutter assemblies and ‘openable windows (hitp:/ww.en-standard.eu/csn-en-1634-1 -ire-resistance-and-smoke-control-tests-for-door-and-sh Utter-assemblies-openable-windows-and-clements-cof-bullding-hardware-part-1-fire-tesistance-test-or-door-and-shutt er-assemblies-and-openable-windows/?gclid=CjwKEAjwSqafBRCR YrL.4-fpuFkSJACVocQ HOF !pacGwD9g8EgAXE kdU4IYEGUBWiQcZdNs4eVBrx0C-Lzw_wcB) * Abstract DIN EN 15650:2010-09 Ventilation for buildings - Fire dampers; German version EN 15650:2010 (hitpiimwww beuth.de/en/standard/

    You might also like