Wed sent en wen oe a i EL aes Secs aoe ad 9 a aah pate ees Syntane Deep and surace structure - = ‘Structural ambiguty - coer Recursion = Eorrecieeweres Tree diagrams pie ‘Symbols used in syntactic analysis * Leica rules Movement rules * ‘Syntax isthe study ofthe principles and processes by which sentences are constructed in paricuar languages Ae a i ype 8 y(n we) Syne spp mogsielen * Surface structure: (superficial eve) CChatle broke the window (ln tradtonal grammar t's called an active sentence focusing on what Charl dd) 5 (Aet6 a) Surace sructue 2) Jes de to 5p pn actve sgl Ahad Char broke the window J “The window was beoken by Chat. (in waditonal grammar itis caled a passive sentence focusing onthe window and what happened tt Wem yD oe key lnet e yl pase ras yi ade at The window was broken by Charl iJ have diferent syntactic fons, But very closely related 2 & 1 Che ete eee desi payin ay (Se Sa AME a) Deep structure: (underlying level) (st £8) Deep structure ie {an abstract level of structural organization In which af the elements determining structural interpretation are represented Ra pate en So std Ep Deep structure aE 2 Spl oA IG) pean Gal ed ge ga) ie ta gin Ge pan Ser aaa In was Charlie who broke the window ‘Was the window broken by Charlle? ane ing Bhp Nal yl lh a aR gh (0 2 a1) Structural ambiguty | shot an elephant in my pejamas. (two underying structures with the same surfece structure) T'shat an elephant (whe Iwas) my palamas 1 | shot an elephant (which was) In my pajamas 2 (te 08 4 ite) shot an elephant in my pajamas Bends of ane GE SS Ay: ald Sie an a | shot an elephant (while | vas) n my pajamas age) (tay) ae jal | shot an elephant (which was) in my pajamas (Seo ee Recursion: (repeating any number of mes) (ayn ‘The gun was on the table. (create a repesttonal phrase again and again {tthe besroom) (near te window) (on te table) “The gun was onthe fable near the window inthe bedroom pat hd ne, Yj (Im the bedroom) (near the window) (onthe table) (A ie ns Mejia dye tp a a Pep pa a a ee ) The gun was on the table CCatyy knew that Mary heipec George John believed that Cathy knew that Mary helped George. (no end) Si gatas AE Nn mE, cag Se BE Pact Cat st pan 5 Saas BS (Mega Reese (652 as) Tee diagrams ‘Symbols used in syntactic analysis sat ae a ge usa) Lexical ules SAEED SPN (Mary, George) ‘al seat N (gl, boy. dog) an gine na Sloth) PRE ERE eT) ‘Jai (flowed, helped, saw) ‘dog followed the boy A A Movement rules ‘Yu wi help Mary Wt you netp Mary ede ( —* J