Δημήτρης Διαμαντίδης, Γεωργία Ευθυμίου

Αναστάσιος Κουπετώρης, Ιωάννης Σταμπόλας

Άλγεβρα Α΄ Λυκείου

Εκφωνήσεις και λύσεις

όλων των ασκήσεων
της Τράπεζας Θεμάτων
ανά θεματική Ενότητα
Ιούλιος 2014

1ο Μέρος
 ˆ•¢˜•©¡š• ‘

ȆǿĬǹȃȅȉǾȉǼȈ 2_4299 15
2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ 2_7519 16
2_1003 5
2_1102 5 ǹȆȅȁȊȉǾ ȉǿȂǾ
2_1287 5 ȆȇǹīȂǹȉǿȀȅȊ ǹȇǿĬȂȅȊ
2_1506 6 2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ
2_1520 6 2_504 16
2_3383 6 2_509 16
2_3384 7 2_996 16
2_3878 7 2_1009 17
2_497 7 2_1062 17
2_499 8 2_1074 17
2_1089 17
4Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ 2_1091 18
4_1868 8 2_1273 18
4_1936 9 2_1544 18
4_2064 10 2_2702 18
4_2073 10
4_2080 11 4Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ
4_6144 11 4_2287 19
4_2301 19
ȆȇǹīȂǹȉǿȀȅǿ ǹȇǿĬȂȅǿ: 4_2302 19
ȉǹȊȉȅȉǾȉǼȈ – 4_4946 20
ȂǼĬȅǻȅǿ ǹȆȅǻǼǿȄǾȈ – 4_7791 20
ȆǹȇǹīȅȃȉȅȆȅǿǾȈǾ 4_8443 21
2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ 4_8453 21
2_1070 12
2_1080 13 ȇǿǽǼȈ
2_3874 13 ȆȇǹīȂǹȉǿȀȍȃ ǹȇǿĬȂȍȃ
2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ
ǻǿǹȉǹȄǾ 2_936 22
ȆȇǹīȂǹȉǿȀȍȃ ǹȇǿĬȂȍȃ 2_938 22
2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ 2_944 22
2_486 13 2_947 22
2_487 14 2_950 22
2_506 14 2_952 23
2_1092 14 2_955 23
2_1541 14 2_1276 23
2_3852 15 2_1300 23
2_3870 15 2_3382 24

3
 ȆİȡȚİȤȩȝİȞĮ

2_4311 24 2_4310 31
2_4314 24 2_4313 32
2_4316 24 2_4317 32
2_8173 24
4Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ
ǼȄǿȈȍȈǼǿȈ 1Ƞȣ ǺǹĬȂȅȊ 4_1890 33
2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ 4_1955 33
2_485 25 4_2055 34
2_507 25 4_2081 34
2_1055 26 4_2332 35
2_4302 26 4_4551 35
4_4654 36
ǼȄǿȈȍȈǼǿȈ 2Ƞȣ ǺǹĬȂȅȊ 4_4659 36
2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ 4_4665 37
2_481 26 4_4667 37
2_483 26 4_4681 38
2_493 27 4_4835 38
2_496 27 4_4857 39
2_1005 27 4_4903 39
2_1007 28 4_4957 40
2_1093 28 4_4962 40
2_1275 28 4_4970 40
2_1298 29 4_4975 41
2_1509 29 4_4992 42
2_3839 29 4_5317 42
2_3847 29 4_6223 43
2_3857 30 4_7263 43
2_3863 30 4_7510 44
2_4306 30 4_7515 45
2_4308 31 4_7516 45
2_4309 31 4_7940 46

4
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ˆ˜…‘ ¡£—£•Œ

2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ ii) ȃĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȓ-

ȘıȘȢ IJȠȣ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ İȞįİȤȠȝȑȞȠȣ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1003
DzȞĮ țȠȣIJȓ ʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ ȐıʌȡİȢ, ȝĮȪȡİȢ, țȩțțȚȞİȢ țĮȚ
ȁȪıȘ
5 5
ʌȡȐıȚȞİȢ ȝʌȐȜİȢ. ȅȚ ȐıʌȡİȢ İȓȞĮȚ 5, ȠȚ ȝĮȪȡİȢ İȓ- (
Į) P 
 = ) 8
( )
 P 
P   = 
8
( )
ȞĮȚ 9, İȞȫ ȠȚ țȩțțȚȞİȢ țĮȚ ȠȚ ʌȡȐıȚȞİȢ ȝĮȗȓ İȓȞĮȚ 16.
3 5 3 5
ǼʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ ȝȚĮ ȝʌȐȜĮ ıIJȘȞ IJȪȤȘ. ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ IJĮ ʌĮȡĮ-
4
( )

P   =  P   =

8 4 8
( )
țȐIJȦ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ:
1
ǹ: Ș ȝʌȐȜĮ ʌȠȣ İʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ İȓȞĮȚ ǹȈȆȇǾ (
P 
 =
8
)
K: Ș ȝʌȐȜĮ ʌȠȣ İʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ İȓȞĮȚ KOKKINH
Ȇ: Ș ȝʌȐȜĮ ʌȠȣ İʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ İȓȞĮȚ ȆȇǹȈǿȃǾ ( )
ȕ) i) ǿıȤȪİȚ P 
  0,  
   țĮȚ
Į) ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢ IJĮ ǹ, Ȁ țĮȚ Ȇ ȞĮ ȖȡȐȥİIJİ ıIJȘ P ( 
) = P ( B )
P ( A  B )  P ( B
A) =
ȖȜȫııĮ IJȦȞ ıȣȞȩȜȦȞ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ: 1 1 1
i) Ǿ ȝʌȐȜĮ ʌȠȣ İʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ įİȞ İȓȞĮȚ ȐıʌȡȘ, =
=  0  B
A  .
4 8 8
ii) Ǿ ȝʌȐȜĮ ʌȠȣ İʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ İȓȞĮȚ țȩțțȚȞȘ Ȓ ʌȡȐ-
ȉȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ «A Ȓ B» ʌĮȡȚıIJȐȞİIJĮȚ ȝİ ȤȡȒ-
ıȚȞȘ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ıȘ įȚĮȖȡȐȝȝĮIJȠȢ Venn ȦȢ İȟȒȢ:
ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ țĮșİ-
ȞȩȢ Įʌȩ IJĮ įȪȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ IJȠȣ İȡȦIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ (Į).
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)

ȁȪıȘ
Į) i) , ii) 

ȕ) īȚĮ ȞĮ ȕȡȠȪȝİ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ
IJȠȣ İȞįİȤȠȝȑȞȠȣ , ȕȡȓıțȠȣȝİ ʌȡȫIJĮ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮ-
țĮȚ ȝİ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȘȢ ȖȜȫııĮȢ IJȦȞ ıȣȞȩȜȦȞ ȑȤȠȣ-
ȞȩIJȘIJĮ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ IJȠȣ A:
ȝİ 
.
( )
 ( ) = 5 = 5 = 1 , ȐȡĮ
P  =
 ( ) 5 + 9 + 16 30 6 ( ) ( )
ii) P    = P  + P 
P    = ( ) ( )
1 6 1 5 3 1 1 6 2 1 7
P (  ) = 1
P ( ) = 1
=
= . = +
= +
=
6 6 6 6 4 4 8 8 8 8 8
īȚĮ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ IJȠȣ İȞįİ-
ȤȠȝȑȞȠȣ 
 ȑȤȠȣȝİ
(
 
 )= 16 16 8 ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1287
(
P 
 = )  ( )
= = .
5 + 9 + 16 30 15 ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ƞ ʌȓȞĮțĮȢ:

1 2 3
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1102 1 11 12 13
ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ įȪȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ A, B İȞȩȢ įİȚȖȝĮIJȚțȠȪ ȤȫȡȠȣ
2 21 22 23

țĮȚ ȠȚ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJİȢ:
3 31 32 33
3 5 1
( ) (
P  = , P 
 = țĮȚ P  =
4 8
) 4
( )
ǼʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ IJȣȤĮȓĮ ȑȞĮȞ Įʌȩ IJȠȣȢ İȞȞȑĮ įȚȥȒijȚȠȣȢ
Į) ȃĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȘȞ P 
 . ( )
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9) ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ IJȠȣ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ ʌȓȞĮțĮ.
ȕ) i) ȃĮ ʌĮȡĮıIJȒıİIJİ ȝİ įȚȐȖȡĮȝȝĮ Venn țĮȚ ȞĮ ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ IJȦȞ
ȖȡȐȥİIJİ ıIJȘ ȖȜȫııĮ IJȦȞ ıȣȞȩȜȦȞ IJȠ İȞįİȤȩ- ʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦ İȞįİȤȠȝȑȞȦȞ:
ȝİȞȠ: «A Ȓ B». (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)

5
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ǹ: Ƞ įȚȥȒijȚȠȢ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȐȡIJȚȠȢ (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)

ȕ) i) P (  ) =
( )=2=1
 
Ǻ: Ƞ įȚȥȒijȚȠȢ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȐȡIJȚȠȢ țĮȚ ʌȠȜȜĮʌȜȐıȚȠ IJȠȣ 3
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)
( ) 6 3
 

ī: Ƞ įȚȥȒijȚȠȢ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȐȡIJȚȠȢ Ȓ ʌȠȜȜĮʌȜȐıȚȠ IJȠȣ 3  ( 
) 2 1

ii) P ( 
 ) = = =
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)  () 6 3

ȁȪıȘ (
iii) P 
 = ) (
 
 )=5
ȅ įİȚȖȝĮIJȚțȩȢ ȤȫȡȠȢ İȓȞĮȚ
  ( ) 6

{ }

= 11, 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 31, 32, 33 țĮȚ

{ } { }
ȑȤȠȣȝİ  = 12, 22, 32 ,  = 12 țĮȚ ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1520

= {12, 21, 22, 32, 33} . DZȡĮ ǹʌȩ IJȠȣȢ ıʌȠȣįĮıIJȑȢ İȞȩȢ ȍįİȓȠȣ, IJȠ 50% ȝĮșĮȓ-
ȞİȚ ʌȚȐȞȠ, IJȠ 40% ȝĮșĮȓȞİȚ țȚșȐȡĮ, İȞȫ IJȠ 10% IJȦȞ
 ( ) 3 1  ( ) 1
P ( ) = = = , P( ) = = țĮȚ ıʌȠȣįĮıIJȫȞ ȝĮșĮȓȞİȚ țĮȚ IJĮ įȪȠ ĮȣIJȐ ȩȡȖĮȞĮ. ǼʌȚ-
 () 9 3  () 9 ȜȑȖȠȣȝİ IJȣȤĮȓĮ ȑȞĮȞ ıʌȠȣįĮıIJȒ IJȠȣ ȍįİȓȠȣ. ȅȡȓ-
 ( ) 5 ȗȠȣȝİ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ:
P(  ) = = .
 () 9
A: Ƞ ıʌȠȣįĮıIJȒȢ ĮȣIJȩȢ ȝĮșĮȓȞİȚ ʌȚȐȞȠ
B: Ƞ ıʌȠȣįĮıIJȒȢ ĮȣIJȩȢ ȝĮșĮȓȞİȚ țȚșȐȡĮ
ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢ IJȠȣ İȞ-
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1506 įİȤȠȝȑȞȠȣ:
{ }
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ IJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ
= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 țĮȚ IJĮ ȣʌȠ- Į) ȅ ıʌȠȣįĮıIJȒȢ ĮȣIJȩȢ ȞĮ ȝĮșĮȓȞİȚ ȑȞĮ IJȠȣȜȐȤȚ-
ıIJȠȞ Įʌȩ IJĮ įȪȠ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ ȩȡȖĮȞĮ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ıȪȞȠȜȐ IJȠȣ  = {1, 2, 4, 5} țĮȚ  = {2, 4, 6} .
ȕ) ȅ ıʌȠȣįĮıIJȒȢ ĮȣIJȩȢ ȞĮ ȝȘ ȝĮșĮȓȞİȚ țĮȞȑȞĮ Įʌȩ
Į) ȃĮ ʌĮȡĮıIJȒıİIJİ ıIJȠ ȓįȚȠ įȚȐȖȡĮȝȝĮ Venn, ȝİ
IJĮ įȪȠ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ ȩȡȖĮȞĮ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ȕĮıȚțȩ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȠ ȍ, IJĮ ıȪȞȠȜĮ ǹ țĮȚ Ǻ. ȀĮIJȩ-
ʌȚȞ, ȞĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ IJĮ ıȪȞȠȜĮ 
, 
,
ȁȪıȘ
ǹǯ țĮȚ Bǯ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
50 40
ȕ) ǼʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ IJȣȤĮȓĮ ȑȞĮ ıIJȠȚȤİȓȠ IJȠȣ
. ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ ǿıȤȪİȚ P  = ( ) , P( ) = țĮȚ
100 100
IJȚȢ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJİȢ IJȦȞ İȞįİȤȠȝȑȞȦȞ:
10
i) ȃĮ ȝȘȞ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ IJȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ ǹ.
(
P 
 = ) 100
.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 4)
ii) ȃĮ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȚȘșȠȪȞ ıȣȖȤȡȩȞȦȢ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩ- ( ) ( )
Į) P    = P  + P 
P    = ( ) ( )
ȝİȞĮ ǹ țĮȚ Ǻ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 4)
50 40 10 80
iii) ȃĮ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ ȑȞĮ IJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞ Įʌȩ IJĮ = +
=
100 100 100 100
İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ ǹ, Ǻ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 4)
(( ))
ȕ) P     = 1
P    = ( )
ȁȪıȘ
80 100 80 20
Į) = 1
=
=
100 100 100 100

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_3383
ȉȠ 70% IJȦȞ țĮIJȠȓțȦȞ ȝȚĮȢ ʌȩȜȘȢ ȑȤİȚ ĮȣIJȠțȓȞȘIJȠ,
IJȠ 40% ȑȤİȚ ȝȘȤĮȞȐțȚ țĮȚ IJȠ 20% ȑȤİȚ țĮȚ ĮȣIJȠțȓ-
ȞȘIJȠ țĮȚ ȝȘȤĮȞȐțȚ. ǼʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ IJȣȤĮȓĮ ȑȞĮȞ țȐIJȠȚțȠ

{ } { } { }

 = 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 , 
 = 2, 4 ,  = 3, 6
ĮȣIJȒȢ IJȘȢ ʌȩȜȘȢ. ȅȡȓȗȠȣȝİ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ:
A: Ƞ țȐIJȠȚțȠȢ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ ĮȣIJȠțȓȞȘIJȠ
țĮȚ  = {1, 3, 5} . M : Ƞ țȐIJȠȚțȠȢ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ ȝȘȤĮȞȐțȚ

6
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

Į) ȃĮ İțijȡȐıİIJİ ȜİțIJȚțȐ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ:

i) 
 ii) 
 iii)  (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)
( ) ( )
P   = P  + P 
P   = ( ) ( )
ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ Ƞ țȐIJȠȚțȠȢ ʌȠȣ İʌȚȜȑ- 20 30 10 40 2
= +
= = , ȐȡĮ
ȤșȘțİ: 180 180 180 180 9
i) ȃĮ ȝȘȞ ȑȤİȚ ȝȘȤĮȞȐțȚ. 2 9 2 7
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)
ii) ȃĮ ȝȘȞ ȑȤİȚ ȠȪIJİ ȝȘȤĮȞȐțȚ ȠȪIJİ ĮȣIJȠțȓȞȘIJȠ.
( )
P (    ) = 1
P (    ) = 1
=
= .
9 9 9 9
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)
( ) ( )
ii) P 
 = P 
P    = ( )
ȁȪıȘ 30 10 20 1
=
= =
180 180 180 9
Į) i) ȅ țȐIJȠȚțȠȢ ȑȤİȚ ĮȣIJȠțȓȞȘIJȠ Ȓ ȝȘȤĮȞȐțȚ.
ii) ȅ țȐIJȠȚțȠȢ ȑȤİȚ ȝȩȞȠ ȝȘȤĮȞȐțȚ.
iii) ȅ țȐIJȠȚțȠȢ įİȞ ȑȤİȚ ȝȘȤĮȞȐțȚ. ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_3878
40 100 40 60 DzȞĮ ȁȪțİȚȠ ȑȤİȚ 400 ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ Įʌȩ IJȠȣȢ ȠʌȠȓȠȣȢ ȠȚ
( )
ȕ) i) P  = 1
P  = 1
( )
=
=
100 100 100 100 200 İȓȞĮȚ ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ IJȘȢ ǹǯ IJȐȟȘȢ. ǹȞ İʌȚȜȑȟȠȣȝİ IJȣ-
ii) ǹȡȤȚțȐ ȕȡȓıțȠȣȝİ ȤĮȓĮ ȑȞĮȞ ȝĮșȘIJȒ, Ș ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ
( ) ( )
P   = P  + P 
P   = ( ) ( ) IJȘȢ īǯ IJȐȟȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ 20%. ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ:
Į) ȉȠ ʌȜȒșȠȢ IJȦȞ ȝĮșȘIJȫȞ IJȘȢ īǯ IJȐȟȘȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
70 40 20 90 ȕ) ȉȠ ʌȜȒșȠȢ IJȦȞ ȝĮșȘIJȫȞ IJȘȢ Ǻǯ IJȐȟȘȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
= +
= , ȐȡĮ
100 100 100 100 Ȗ) ȉȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ʌȠȣ İʌȚȜȑȟĮȝİ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ
(( ))
P     = 1
P    = ( ) IJȘȢ Ǻǯ IJȐȟȘȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)

90 100 90 10 ȁȪıȘ
= 1
=
= .
100 100 100 100 Į) DzıIJȦ ī IJȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ IJȘȢ īǯ
IJȐȟȘȢ țĮȚ ȍ IJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȦȞ ȝĮșȘIJȫȞ IJȠȣ ıȤȠȜİȓȠȣ.

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_3384 ȉȩIJİ P  = ( )

 


( )
20 N 
=

( )
ǹʌȩ IJȠȣȢ 180 ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ İȞȩȢ ȜȣțİȓȠȣ, 20 ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ
  100( ) 400

ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤȠȣȞ ıIJȘ șİĮIJȡȚțȒ ȠȝȐįĮ, 30 ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ ıȣȝ- ( )

100N
= 20
400  N
= 80. ( )
ȝİIJȑȤȠȣȞ ıIJȘȞ ȠȝȐįĮ ıIJȓȕȠȣ, İȞȫ 10 ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ ıȣȝ-
ȕ) ǹȞ ǹ țĮȚ Ǻ İȓȞĮȚ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ
ȝİIJȑȤȠȣȞ țĮȚ ıIJȚȢ įȪȠ ȠȝȐįİȢ. ǼʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ IJȣȤĮȓĮ
İȓȞĮȚ IJȘȢ ǹǯ țĮȚ IJȘȢ Ǻǯ IJȐȟȘȢ ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮ, IJȩIJİ
ȑȞĮȞ ȝĮșȘIJȒ IJȠȣ ȜȣțİȓȠȣ. ȅȡȓȗȠȣȝİ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ:
A: Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ıIJȘ șİĮIJȡȚțȒ ȠȝȐįĮ ( ) ( )
N  +N B +N  = 
( ) ( )
B: Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ıIJȘȞ ȠȝȐįĮ ıIJȓȕȠȣ
Į) ȃĮ İțijȡȐıİIJİ ȜİțIJȚțȐ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ:
( ) ( )
200 +   + 80 = 400
  = 120.

i) 
 ii) 
 iii)  (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9) N ( B ) 120

ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ʌȠȣ İʌȚȜȑȤșȘțİ:
i) NĮ ȝȘ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ıİ țĮȝȓĮ ȠȝȐįĮ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)
ii) NĮ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ȝȩȞȠ ıIJȘȞ ȠȝȐįĮ ıIJȓȕȠȣ.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)
ȁȪıȘ
Į) i) ȅ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ıIJȘ șİĮIJȡȚțȒ ȠȝȐįĮ Ȓ
ıIJȘȞ ȠȝȐįĮ ıIJȓȕȠȣ.
ii) ȅ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ȝȩȞȠ ıIJȘȞ ȠȝȐįĮ ıIJȓȕȠȣ.
iii) ȅ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ įİ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ıIJȘ șİĮIJȡȚțȒ ȠȝȐįĮ.
ȕ) i) ǹȡȤȚțȐ ȕȡȓıțȠȣȝİ
Ȗ) P ( B ) = = = 0,3
N (
) 400
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_497
DzȞĮ IJȘȜİȠʌIJȚțȩ ʌĮȚȤȞȓįȚ ʌĮȓȗİIJĮȚ ȝİ ȗİȪȖȘ ĮȞIJȚʌȐȜȦȞ
IJȦȞ įȪȠ ijȪȜȦȞ. ȈIJȠ ʌĮȚȤȞȓįȚ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤȠȣȞ 3 ȐȞIJȡİȢ:
Ƞ ǻȘȝȒIJȡȘȢ (ǻ), Ƞ ȀȫıIJĮȢ (Ȁ), Ƞ ȂȚȤȐȜȘȢ (Ȃ) țĮȚ 2
ȖȣȞĮȓțİȢ: Ș ǼȚȡȒȞȘ (Ǽ) țĮȚ Ș ǽȦȒ (ǽ). ǼʌȚȜȑȖȠȞIJĮȚ
ıIJȘȞ IJȪȤȘ ȑȞĮȢ ȐȞIJȡĮȢ țĮȚ ȝȚĮ ȖȣȞĮȓțĮ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ įȚĮȖȦ-
ȞȚıIJȠȪȞ țĮȚ țĮIJĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚ IJĮ ȠȞȩȝĮIJȐ IJȠȣȢ.
Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİșİȓ Ƞ įİȚȖȝĮIJȚțȩȢ ȤȫȡȠȢ IJȠȣ ʌİȚȡȐȝĮIJȠȢ.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)

7
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ȕ) ȃĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȚȢ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJİȢ IJȦȞ ʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦ Į) ȞĮ İțijȡȐıİIJİ ȜİțIJȚțȐ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ:

İȞįİȤȠȝȑȞȦȞ: i) 
 ii) 
 iii) 
 iv)  (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ǹ: ȃĮ įȚĮȖȦȞȓıIJȘțĮȞ Ƞ ȀȫıIJĮȢ Ȓ Ƞ ȂȚȤȐȜȘȢ. ȕ) ȞĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȚȢ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȓȘ-
Ǻ: ȃĮ įȚĮȖȦȞȓıIJȘțİ Ș ǽȦȒ. ıȘȢ IJȦȞ İȞįİȤȠȝȑȞȦȞ
ī: ȃĮ ȝȘ įȚĮȖȦȞȓıIJȘțİ ȠȪIJİ Ƞ ȀȫıIJĮȢ ȠȪIJİ Ƞ ǻȘ- i) Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ʌȠȣ İʌȚȜȑȤșȘțİ ȞĮ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ȝȩȞȠ
ȝȒIJȡȘȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15) ıIJȘȞ ȠȝȐįĮ ʌȠįȠıijĮȓȡȠȣ,
ii) Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ʌȠȣ İʌȚȜȑȤșȘțİ ȞĮ ȝȘ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ
ȁȪıȘ ıİ țĮȝȓĮ ȠȝȐįĮ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
Į) DzıIJȦ ȩIJȚ İʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ ʌȡȫIJĮ ȐȞIJȡĮ țĮȚ ȝİIJȐ ȖȣȞĮȓțĮ.
ȁȪıȘ
Į) i) O ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ıIJȘ șİĮIJȡȚțȒ ȠȝȐįĮ Ȓ
ıIJȘȞ ȠȝȐįĮ ʌȠįȠıijĮȓȡȠȣ.
ii) O ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ țĮȚ ıIJȘ șİĮIJȡȚțȒ ȠȝȐ-
įĮ țĮȚ ıIJȘȞ ȠȝȐįĮ ʌȠįȠıijĮȓȡȠȣ.
iii) O ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ȝȩȞȠ ıIJȘȞ ȠȝȐįĮ ʌȠ-
įȠıijĮȓȡȠȣ.
iv) O ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ įİ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ıIJȘ șİĮIJȡȚțȒ ȠȝȐįĮ.
25 30
( )
ȕ) ǼȓȞĮȚ   = = 0,25,  (  ) = = 0,3
100 100
15
ȅ įİȚȖȝĮIJȚțȩȢ ȤȫȡȠȢ IJȠȣ ʌİȚȡȐȝĮIJȠȢ İȓȞĮȚ (
țĮȚ  
 = )
100
= 0,15.

{

= , , , , ,  . } i) ȉȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ İȓȞĮȚ IJȠ 
 țĮȚ Ș ȗȘIJȠȪȝİȞȘ
ȕ) ǹʌȩ IJȠ ȍ ȕȡȓıțȠȣȝİ ȩIJȚ ( ) ( )
ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ Ș  
 =  
    = ( )
{ } {
 = , ,
,
 ,  = , ,  } = 0,3
0,15 = 0,15.

{ }
țĮȚ  = ,  . ǼȓȞĮȚ   = 6, ( ) (
ii) ȉȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ İȓȞĮȚ IJȠ 
  țĮȚ Ș )
ȗȘIJȠȪȝİȞȘ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ Ș
 ( ) = 4,  (  ) = 3 țĮȚ  (  ) = 2. ǹʌȩ
(( ))
     = 1
    =( )
IJȠȞ țȜĮıȚțȩ ȠȡȚıȝȩ IJȘȢ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ ȑȤȠȣȝİ
= 1
(  ( ) +  (  )
 (    )) =
( )
  =
 ( ) = 4 = 2 , ( ) =  ( ) = 3 = 1 = 1
( 0,25 + 0,3
0,15) = 0,6.
 () 6 3  () 6 2

 ( ) 2 1
țĮȚ (  ) = = = .
 () 6 3 4Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_1868
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_499
Ȉİ ȑȞĮ IJȝȒȝĮ IJȘȢ ǹǯ ȁȣțİȓȠȣ țȐʌȠȚȠȚ ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ
ǹʌȩ IJȠȣȢ ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ İȞȩȢ ȁȣțİȓȠȣ, IJȠ 25% ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ
ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣșȠȪȞ ȝĮșȒȝĮIJĮ ǹȖȖȜȚțȫȞ țĮȚ țȐʌȠȚȠȚ
ıIJȘ șİĮIJȡȚțȒ ȠȝȐįĮ, IJȠ 30% ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ıIJȘȞ ȠȝȐ-
īĮȜȜȚțȫȞ. Ǿ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ȑȞĮȢ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ȝȘȞ ʌĮ-
įĮ ʌȠįȠıijĮȓȡȠȣ țĮȚ IJȠ 15% IJȦȞ ȝĮșȘIJȫȞ ıȣȝȝİ-
ȡĮțȠȜȠȣșİȓ īĮȜȜȚțȐ İȓȞĮȚ 0,8. Ǿ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ȑȞĮȢ
IJȑȤİȚ țĮȚ ıIJȚȢ įȪȠ ȠȝȐįİȢ. ǼʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ IJȣȤĮȓĮ ȑȞĮȞ
ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣșİȓ ǹȖȖȜȚțȐ İȓȞĮȚ IJİIJȡĮʌȜȐ-
ȝĮșȘIJȒ. ǹȞ ȠȞȠȝȐıȠȣȝİ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ:
ıȚĮ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣșİȓ īĮȜȜȚțȐ.
ǹ: «Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ıIJȘ șİĮIJȡȚțȒ ȠȝȐįĮ»
ȉȑȜȠȢ, Ș ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ȑȞĮȢ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣșİȓ
țĮȚ
ȝĮșȒȝĮIJĮ IJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞ ȝȚĮȢ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ įȪȠ ȖȜȫııİȢ
Ǻ: «Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ıȣȝȝİIJȑȤİȚ ıIJȘȞ ȠȝȐįĮ ʌȠįȠıijĮȓ-
İȓȞĮȚ 0,9.
ȡȠȣ»,

8
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

Į) ǼʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ ȑȞĮȞ ȝĮșȘIJȒ ıIJȘȞ IJȪȤȘ. ]ĬǼȂǹ 4_1936

i) ȆȠȚĮ İȓȞĮȚ Ș ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ĮȣIJȩȢ ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣ- Ǿ İȟȑIJĮıȘ ıİ ȑȞĮȞ įȚĮȖȦȞȚıȝȩ IJȦȞ ȂĮșȘȝĮIJȚțȫȞ
șİȓ ȝĮșȒȝĮIJĮ țĮȚ IJȦȞ įȪȠ ȖȜȦııȫȞ; ʌİȡȚȜȐȝȕĮȞİ įȪȠ șȑȝĮIJĮ IJĮ ȠʌȠȓĮ ȑʌȡİʌİ ȞĮ ĮʌĮ-
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9) ȞIJȒıȠȣȞ ȠȚ İȟİIJĮȗȩȝİȞȠȚ. īȚĮ ȞĮ ȕĮșȝȠȜȠȖȘșȠȪȞ ȝİ
ii) ȆȠȚĮ İȓȞĮȚ Ș ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ĮȣIJȩȢ ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣ- ȐȡȚıIJĮ ȑʌȡİʌİ ȞĮ ĮʌĮȞIJȒıȠȣȞ țĮȚ ıIJĮ įȪȠ șȑȝĮIJĮ,
șİȓ ȝĮșȒȝĮIJĮ ȝȩȞȠ ȝȚĮȢ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ įȪȠ ȖȜȫııİȢ; İȞȫ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ ʌİȡȐıȠȣȞ IJȘȞ İȟȑIJĮıȘ ȑʌȡİʌİ ȞĮ ĮʌĮȞIJȒ-
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9) ıȠȣȞ ıİ ȑȞĮ IJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞ Įʌȩ IJĮ įȪȠ șȑȝĮIJĮ. ȈIJȠȞ
ȕ) ǹȞ 14 ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣșȠȪȞ ȝȩȞȠ ǹȖȖȜȚțȐ, ʌȩ- įȚĮȖȦȞȚıȝȩ İȟİIJȐıșȘțĮȞ 100 ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ. ȈIJȠ ʌȡȫIJȠ
ıȠȚ İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ IJȠȣ IJȝȒȝĮIJȠȢ; șȑȝĮ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıĮȞ ıȦıIJȐ 60 ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ. ȈIJȠ įİȪIJİȡȠ
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7) șȑȝĮ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıĮȞ ıȦıIJȐ 50 ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ, İȞȫ țĮȚ ıIJĮ
įȪȠ șȑȝĮIJĮ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıĮȞ ıȦıIJȐ 30 ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ. ǼʌȚȜȑ-
ȁȪıȘ
ȖȠȣȝİ IJȣȤĮȓĮ ȑȞĮȞ ȝĮșȘIJȒ.
DzıIJȦ ǹ IJȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ «Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣ- Į) ȃĮ ʌĮȡĮıIJȒıİIJİ ȝİ įȚȐȖȡĮȝȝĮ Venn țĮȚ ȝİ IJȘ
șİȓ ǹȖȖȜȚțȐ» țĮȚ ī IJȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ «Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȘȢ ȖȜȫııĮȢ IJȦȞ ıȣȞȩȜȦȞ (ȠȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȢ IJĮ
ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣșİȓ īĮȜȜȚțȐ». ǹʌȩ IJĮ įİįȠȝȑȞĮ ȑȤȠȣȝİ: țĮIJȐȜȜȘȜĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ) IJĮ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ įİįȠȝȑȞĮ.
• P (  ) = 0,8  1
P (  ) = 0,8  (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ȕ) ȃĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ:
( ) ( )
P
= 1
0,8  P
= 0,2
i) ȃĮ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıİ ıȦıIJȐ ȝȩȞȠ ıIJȠ įİȪIJİȡȠ șȑȝĮ.
• P ( ) = 4P (  ) = 4
0,2 = 0,8 ii) ȃĮ ȕĮșȝȠȜȠȖȘșİȓ ȝİ ȐȡȚıIJĮ.
iii) ȃĮ ȝȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıİ ıȦıIJȐ ıİ țĮȞȑȞĮ șȑȝĮ.
• P ( 
 ) = 0,9 iv) ȃĮ ʌȑȡĮıİ IJȘȞ İȟȑIJĮıȘ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
Į) i) ȉȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣșİȓ ȝĮșȒȝĮIJĮ
țĮȚ IJȦȞ įȪȠ ȖȜȦııȫȞ İȓȞĮȚ IJȠ 
. DZȡĮ ȁȪıȘ
( ) ( ) ( )
P   = P  + P 
P    ( ) Į) ȅȡȓȗȠȣȝİ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ
(
0,9 = 0,8 + 0,2
P     ) {

=  
    , }
( ) (
P    = 1
0,9  P    = 0,1. )
    
 
= 

,
ii) ȉȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮțȠȜȠȣșİȓ ȝĮșȒȝĮIJĮ  
     
ȝȩȞȠ ȝȚĮȢ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ įȪȠ ȖȜȫııİȢ İȓȞĮȚ IJȠ

 
    
=
( 
 )  ( 
) , ȝİ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ       
 țĮȚ

( 
 ) țĮȚ ( 
) ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ ĮıȣȝȕȓȕĮıIJĮ. DZȡĮ  
   

 = 

.
P ( ( 
 )  ( 
) ) = P ( 
 ) + P ( 
) =        

= P ( )
P (    ) + P (
)
P (    ) = ( ) ( )
ǼȓȞĮȚ   = 100,   = 60 țĮȚ

= 0,8
0,1+ 0,2
0,1 = 0,8.  (  ) = 50. ǼʌȓıȘȢ,  ( 
 ) = 30,

ȕ) DzıIJȦ Ȟ IJȠ ʌȜȒșȠȢ IJȦȞ ȝĮșȘIJȫȞ IJȠȣ IJȝȒȝĮIJȠȢ.
ȐȡĮ   
, ȠʌȩIJİ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ įİȞ İȓȞĮȚ
ǼʌİȚįȒ Ș ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ȑȞĮȢ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮțȠ-
ĮıȣȝȕȓȕĮıIJĮ. ǼʌȚʌȜȑȠȞ,
ȜȠȣșİȓ ȝȩȞȠ ǹȖȖȜȚțȐ İȓȞĮȚ
( ) ( )
 
 =  
   = ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
P 
 = P 
P    = 0,8
0,1 = 0,7,
= 60
30 = 30  0 țĮȚ
ȑȤȠȣȝİ
(
 
 )
0,7 = 14
( ) ( )
 
 =  
   = ( )
(
P 
 = )   ( )  = 50
30 = 20  0.
14 DZȡĮ 
   țĮȚ 
  . ȉȠ įȚȐȖȡĮȝȝĮ
0,7 = 14
 =
 = 20.
0,7 Venn İȓȞĮȚ IJȠ ĮțȩȜȠȣșȠ:

9
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

i) ȉȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ İȓȞĮȚ IJȠ .
ii) ȉȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ İȓȞĮȚ IJȠ " , ĮijȠȪ
" .
ǼʌȓıȘȢ, İȓȞĮȚ "4
țĮȚ 
"2 , ȠʌȩIJİ IJĮ
įȚĮȖȡȐȝȝĮIJĮ Venn ȖȚĮ IJĮ İȡȦIJȒȝĮIJĮ (i) țĮȚ
(ii) İȓȞĮȚ IJĮ ĮțȩȜȠȣșĮ:
ȕ) ǹʌȩ IJȠȞ țȜĮıȚțȩ ȠȡȚıȝȩ IJȘȢ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ i)

ȑȤȠȣȝİ  "  " 100

60
" 0,6,

"  " 50 " 0,5 țĮȚ

 100
30
 " 100 " 0,3.
ii)
i) "   " 0,5 0,3 " 0,2

ii)  " 0,3

iii)  "1 "
"1    "
"1 0,6  0,5 0,3 " 0,2 ȕ) ǼȓȞĮȚ  " 7,  " 13 țĮȚ
iv) P  "   "  "    " 7  13 " 20, ȩʌȠȣ
" 0,6  0,5 0,3 " 0,8 ȍ İȓȞĮȚ Ƞ įİȚȖȝĮIJȚțȩȢ ȤȫȡȠȢ IJȠȣ ʌİȚȡȐȝĮIJȠȢ. ȉȠ
İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȖȣȞĮȓțĮ țĮȚ ȞĮ ʌĮȓȗİȚ ıțȐțȚ
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_2064 İȓȞĮȚ IJȠ ȝİ 
" 2. ǼʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ Įʌȩ
Ȉİ ȝȚĮ ȠȝȐįĮ ʌȠȣ ĮʌȠIJİȜİȓIJĮȚ Įʌȩ 7 ȐȞįȡİȢ țĮȚ 13 Ȗȣ- IJȠȞ țȜĮıȚțȩ ȠȡȚıȝȩ IJȘȢ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮȢ ȑȤȠȣȝİ
ȞĮȓțİȢ, 4 Įʌȩ IJȠȣȢ ȐȞįȡİȢ țĮȚ 2 Įʌȩ IJȚȢ ȖȣȞĮȓțİȢ ʌĮȓ-
ȗȠȣȞ ıțȐțȚ. ǼʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ IJȣȤĮȓĮ ȑȞĮ Įʌȩ IJĮ ȐIJȠȝĮ ĮȣIJȐ.
 "   " 202 " 0,1.
Į) ȃĮ ʌĮȡĮıIJȒıİIJİ ȝİ įȚȐȖȡĮȝȝĮ Venn țĮȚ ȝİ IJȘ
ȤȡȒıȘ IJȘȢ ȖȜȫııĮȢ IJȦȞ ıȣȞȩȜȦȞ IJȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ
IJȠ ȐIJȠȝȠ ʌȠȣ İʌȚȜȑȤșȘțİ:
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_2073
ȅȚ įȡȐıIJİȢ ȝȚĮȢ țȜȠʌȒȢ įȚȑijȣȖĮȞ ȝ’ ȑȞĮ ĮȣIJȠțȓȞȘIJȠ
i) ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȐȞįȡĮȢ Ȓ ȞĮ ʌĮȓȗİȚ ıțȐțȚ, (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6)
țĮȚ ȝİIJȐ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ țĮIJȐșİıȘ įȚĮijȩȡȦȞ ȝĮȡIJȪȡȦȞ ȑȖȚ-
ii) ȞĮ ȝȘȞ İȓȞĮȚ ȐȞįȡĮȢ țĮȚ ȞĮ ʌĮȓȗİȚ ıțȐțȚ.
Ȟİ ȖȞȦıIJȩ ȩIJȚ Ƞ IJİIJȡĮȥȒijȚȠȢ ĮȡȚșȝȩȢ IJȘȢ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮȢ
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6)
IJȠȣ ĮȣIJȠțȚȞȒIJȠȣ İȓȤİ ʌȡȫIJȠ țĮȚ IJȑIJĮȡIJȠ ȥȘijȓȠ IJȠ 2.
ȕ) ȃĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ IJȠ ȐIJȠȝȠ ʌȠȣ
ȉȠ įİȪIJİȡȠ ȥȘijȓȠ ȒIJĮȞ 6 Ȓ 8 Ȓ 9 țĮȚ IJȠ IJȡȓIJȠ ȥȘijȓȠ
İʌȚȜȑȤșȘțİ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȖȣȞĮȓțĮ țĮȚ ȞĮ ʌĮȓȗİȚ ıțȐțȚ.
IJȠȣ ȒIJĮȞ 4 Ȓ 7.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
Į) Ȃİ ȤȡȒıȘ įİȞįȡȠįȚĮȖȡȐȝȝĮIJȠȢ, ȞĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİ-
ȁȪıȘ IJİ IJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȦȞ įȣȞĮIJȫȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ IJȘȢ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮȢ
Į) DzıIJȦ A IJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȦȞ ĮȞįȡȫȞ, ī IJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȠȣ ĮȣIJȠțȚȞȒIJȠȣ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
IJȦȞ ȖȣȞĮȚțȫȞ țĮȚ Ȉ IJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȦȞ ĮIJȩȝȦȞ ʌȠȣ ȕ) ȃĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȚȢ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJİȢ IJȦȞ ʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦ
ʌĮȓȗȠȣȞ ıțȐțȚ. İȞįİȤȠȝȑȞȦȞ:

10
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ǹ: ȉȠ IJȡȓIJȠ ȥȘijȓȠ IJȠȣ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪ IJȘȢ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮȢ İȓȞĮȚ i) Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȠȪIJİ ȞĮ ʌȓȞİȚ ȖȐȜĮ ȠȪIJİ ȞĮ IJȡȫİȚ
IJȠ 7. įȣȠ ijȑIJİȢ ȥȦȝȓ ȝİ ȕȠȪIJȣȡȠ țĮȚ ȝȑȜȚ
Ǻ: ȉȠ įİȪIJİȡȠ ȥȘijȓȠ IJȠȣ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪ IJȘȢ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮȢ ii) Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ʌȓȞİȚ ȖȐȜĮ țĮȚ ȞĮ IJȡȫİȚ įȣȠ ijȑ-
İȓȞĮȚ 6 Ȓ 8. IJİȢ ȥȦȝȓ ȝİ ȕȠȪIJȣȡȠ țĮȚ ȝȑȜȚ
ī: ȉȠ įİȪIJİȡȠ ȥȘijȓȠ IJȠȣ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪ IJȘȢ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮȢ iii) Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ʌȓȞİȚ ȝȩȞȠ ȖȐȜĮ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
įİȞ İȓȞĮȚ ȠȪIJİ 8 ȠȪIJİ 9. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12) ȕ) ȃĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȓȘ-
ıȘȢ IJȦȞ İȞįİȤȠȝȑȞȦȞ IJȠȣ Į) İȡȦIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ.
ȁȪıȘ (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
Į)
ȁȪıȘ
(
Į) i) 
 =     )
ii) 

iii) 

ȕ) ǹʌȩ IJĮ įİįȠȝȑȞĮ IJȘȢ ȐıțȘıȘȢ ȑȤȠȣȝİ
80
(
 
 = ) 100
= 0,8,

60 45
( )
  =
100
= 0,6 țĮȚ   =
100
( )
= 0,45.

ǼʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ
ȉȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȦȞ įȣȞĮIJȫȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ IJȘȢ ʌȚȞĮțȓįĮȢ
IJȠȣ ĮȣIJȠțȚȞȒIJȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ (( )) ( )
     = 1
    = 1
0,8 = 0,2,
{ }

= 2642, 2672, 2842, 2872, 2942, 2972 .
( ) ( ) ( ) (
   =   +  
    )
ȕ)  = {2672, 2872, 2972} , ȐȡĮ
 (    ) =  ( ) +  (  )
 (    ) =
 ( ) 3 1
P ( ) = = = . = 0,6 + 0,45
0,8 = 0,25 țĮȚ
 () 6 2
( ) ( ) ( )
 
 =  
    = 0,6
0,25 = 0,35.
 = {2642, 2672, 2842, 2872} , ȐȡĮ

 ( ) 4 2 ]ĬǼȂǹ 4_6144
P( ) = = = .
 () 6 3 1
ȂȚĮ ȘȝȑȡĮ, ıIJȠ IJȝȒȝĮ ǹ1 İȞȩȢ ȁȣțİȓȠȣ, IJȠ IJȦȞ
4
 ( ) 2 1

= {2642, 2672} , ȐȡĮ P (  ) = = = . ȝĮșȘIJȫȞ įİȞ ȑȤİȚ įȚĮȕȐıİȚ ȠȪIJİ DZȜȖİȕȡĮ ȠȪIJİ
 () 6 3
1
īİȦȝİIJȡȓĮ, İȞȫ IJo IJȦȞ ȝĮșȘIJȫȞ ȑȤİȚ įȚĮȕȐıİȚ
3
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_2080 țĮȚ IJĮ įȪȠ ĮȣIJȐ ȝĮșȒȝĮIJĮ. Ǿ țĮșȘȖȒIJȡȚĮ IJȦȞ ȝĮ-
ǹʌȩ ȝȚĮ ȑȡİȣȞĮ ȝİIJĮȟȪ ȝĮșȘIJȫȞ İȞȩȢ ȁȣțİȓȠȣ IJȘȢ șȘȝĮIJȚțȫȞ İʌȚȜȑȖİȚ IJȣȤĮȓĮ ȑȞĮȞ ȝĮșȘIJȒ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ IJȠȞ
ȤȫȡĮȢ, ʌȡȠȑțȣȥİ ȩIJȚ IJȠ 80% IJȦȞ ȝĮșȘIJȫȞ ʌȓȞİȚ İȟİIJȐıİȚ. ȅȡȓȗȠȣȝİ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ:
ȖȐȜĮ Ȓ IJȡȫİȚ įȣȠ ijȑIJİȢ ȥȦȝȓ ȝİ ȕȠȪIJȣȡȠ țĮȚ ȝȑȜȚ ǹ: Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ įȚĮȕȐıİȚ DZȜȖİȕȡĮ
ıIJȠ ıʌȓIJȚ IJȠ ʌȡȦȓ. ǼʌȚȜȑȖȠȣȝİ ȑȞĮȞ ȝĮșȘIJȒ ıIJȘȞ ī: Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ įȚĮȕȐıİȚ īİȦȝİIJȡȓĮ
IJȪȤȘ țĮȚ ȠȡȓȗȠȣȝİ IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ: Į) ȃĮ ʌĮȡĮıIJȒıİIJİ ȝİ įȚȐȖȡĮȝȝĮ Venn țĮȚ ȝİ ȤȡȒ-
ǹ: Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ʌȓȞİȚ ȖȐȜĮ ıȘ IJȘȢ ȖȜȫııĮȢ IJȦȞ ıȣȞȩȜȦȞ IJĮ įİįȠȝȑȞĮ IJȠȣ
B: Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ IJȡȫİȚ įȣȠ ijȑIJİȢ ȥȦȝȓ ȝİ ȕȠȪIJȣȡȠ țĮȚ ʌȡȠȕȜȒȝĮIJȠȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)

ȝȑȜȚ ȕ) ȃĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȘȞ ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ:

ǹȞ Įʌȩ IJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȦȞ ȝĮșȘIJȫȞ IJȠ 60% ʌȓȞİȚ ȖȐȜĮ țĮȚ i) ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ įȚĮȕȐıİȚ ȑȞĮ IJȠȣȜȐȤȚıIJȠȞ Įʌȩ IJĮ įȪȠ
IJȠ 45% IJȡȫİȚ įȣȠ ijȑIJİȢ ȥȦȝȓ ȝİ ȕȠȪIJȣȡȠ țĮȚ ȝȑȜȚ, ȝĮșȒȝĮIJĮ
Į) ȃĮ ȠȡȓıİIJİ ȝİ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȘȢ ȖȜȫııĮȢ IJȦȞ ıȣȞȩȜȦȞ ii) ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ įȚĮȕȐıİȚ ȑȞĮ ȝȩȞȠ Įʌȩ IJĮ įȣȠ ȝĮșȒ-
IJĮ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞĮ: ȝĮIJĮ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)

11
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

Ȗ) ǹȞ ȖȞȦȡȓȗȠȣȝİ İʌȚʌȜȑȠȞ ȩIJȚ ȠȚ ȝȚıȠȓ Įʌȩ IJȠȣȢ

ȝĮșȘIJȑȢ ȑȤȠȣȞ įȚĮȕȐıİȚ īİȦȝİIJȡȓĮ, ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ ȝİ P  " 13 .
ʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮ Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ:
i) ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ įȚĮȕȐıİȚ īİȦȝİIJȡȓĮ
ȕ) i) P  " 1 P  "
ii) ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ įȚĮȕȐıİȚ DZȜȖİȕȡĮ (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8) 1 4 1 3
"1 " "
4 4 4 4
ȁȪıȘ  "
Į) ȉȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ Ƞ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ȝȘȞ ȑȤİȚ įȚĮȕȐıİȚ ii) P   "
ȠȪIJİ DZȜȖİȕȡĮ ȠȪIJİ īİȦȝİIJȡȓĮ ʌĮȡȚıIJȐȞİIJĮȚ ȝİ " P   P  "
ȤȡȒıȘ įȚĮȖȡȐȝȝĮIJȠȢ Venn ȦȢ İȟȒȢ:
" P  P   P  P "
" P  P "
3 1 9 4 5
" " "
4 3 12 12 12
1
  1
Ȗ) i) P  " "2 "
țĮȚ ȝİ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȘȢ ȖȜȫııĮȢ IJȦȞ ıȣȞȩȜȦȞ ȑȤȠȣȝİ   2
P   " 14 , İȞȫ ȖȚĮ IJȠ İȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠ Ƞ ii) P  " P   P  P 
3
ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ įȚĮȕȐıİȚ țĮȚ IJĮ įȪȠ ȝĮșȒȝĮIJĮ
4
"P   12 1
3
P  " 43 1 1

2 3
ȑȤȠȣȝİ:
P  " 129 6 4

12 12
P  " 127

ˆ¢‘ƒš‘£˜™¡˜ ‘¢˜…š¡˜:
£‘¨£¡£—£•Œ – š•…¡„¡˜ ‘ˆ¡„•˜‡—Œ – ˆ‘¢‘ƒ¡ £¡ˆ¡˜—Œ—

2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘȢ:


" (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1070
ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȓ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ Į, ȕ, Ȗ, į ȝİ 0 ȁȪıȘ
țĮȚ ȫıIJİ ȞĮ ȚıȤȪȠȣȞ:

 1 Į) ǯǼȤȠȣȝİ "4  "4
" 4 țĮȚ "
4
1
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ " 3 țĮȚ " 5 . "4 " 3 țĮȚ "
4
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
"4 "4  "5 .

12
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ȕ) ȆȡȑʌİȚ 

  0  


0  ( ) ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_3874

ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ ȝȘ ȝȘįİȞȚțȠȓ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȓ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ Į, ȕ
( 
0 


 ) , ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ. DzȤȠȣȝİ: ȝİ

 ȖȚĮ IJȠȣȢ ȠʌȠȓȠȣȢ ȚıȤȪİȚ:

 +  3   + 
2 + 1

= = = =

  5
 2 +1 
3
 +
 4
 Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ ȠȚ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ Į țĮȚ ȕ İȓȞĮȚ ĮȞIJȓ-
= = = 1.
5


 4
 ıIJȡȠijȠȚ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ȕ) ȃĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘȢ:

( )
8
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1080  22   3
= (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
( )
25
DzıIJȦ x, y ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȓ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ ȫıIJİ ȞĮ ȚıȤȪİȚ: 
2  
4x + 5y
=
2. ȁȪıȘ
x
4y
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: y = 2x. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
2 + 1

Į) = 
2  +  =
 2 +

2 

 2 =
ȕ) ȃĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘȢ: 2 +1 
2x 2 + 3y 2 + xy 0
= . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13) " "
xy
ȁȪıȘ



 = 
 = 1, ȐȡĮ ȠȚ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ Į, ȕ İȓȞĮȚ
4x  5y x 4y


Į)
x 4y
" 2 4x  5y " 2 x 4 y  ĮȞIJȓıIJȡȠijȠȚ.

( )
8
4x + 5y =
2x + 8y  3y = 6x  y = 2x  22   3  22   24  22   24
ȕ)  = = = 23 25 =
( )
25
2 25 25
2
2
        
ȕ) " "
2
 
2x 2  3y 2  xy y"2 x 2x  3 2x  x 2x
"
xy x 2x 
 22
1 1 24
1
=
=
= =1
2
2x + 12x + 2x 2
16x 2 2
23  25


= = =8
2x 2 2x 2

„˜‘£‘‡— ˆ¢‘ƒš‘£˜™ž  ‘¢˜…šž 

2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ 0<1
ȑȤȠȣȝİ 0 <
țĮȚ 0 <

1 <
+ 1
0 <
+ 1 țĮȚ
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_486
< 1 

1 < 0. ǹʌȩ IJȠȞ țĮȞȩȞĮ ʌȡȠıȒȝȦȞ
ǹȞ 0 <
< 1, IJȩIJİ IJȠȣ ʌȠȜȜĮʌȜĮıȚĮıȝȠȪ ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ
Į) ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ:
3 <
, (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13) ( )(



1
+ 1 < 0. )
ȕ) ȞĮ įȚĮIJȐȟİIJİ Įʌȩ IJȠȞ ȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȠ ʌȡȠȢ IJȠȞ ȝİȖĮȜȪ- ȕ) ǹʌȩ IJȠ İȡȫIJȘȝĮ (Į) ȑȤȠȣȝİ
3 <
. ǼʌȓıȘȢ,
IJİȡȠ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ:
1
1 0 <

0 <
3 țĮȚ 0 <
< 1
> 1.
0,
3 , 1,
, (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)



DZȡĮ ȠȚ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ įȚĮIJȐııȠȞIJĮȚ ȦȢ İȟȒȢ:
1
ȁȪıȘ 0 <
3 <
< 1 < .


(
Į)
3 <

3

< 0 

2
1 < 0  )
( )( )



1
+ 1 < 0. ǹʌȩ IJȘ ıȤȑıȘ 0 <
< 1

13
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_487
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ ȖȚĮ ȠʌȠȚȠȣıįȒʌȠIJİ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚ-
țȠȪȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ x, y ȚıȤȪİȚ:

( x
1) + ( y + 3)
2 2
= x 2 + y 2
2x + 6 y + 10
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ x, y ȫıIJİ:
x 2 + y 2
2x + 6 y + 10 = 0. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)

ȁȪıȘ (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
Į) x
1 + y + 3 = x 2
2x + 1 + y 2 + 6 y + 9 = ȕ) ǹȞ ȚıȤȪİȚ 5 < x < 8 țĮȚ 1 < y < 2, ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ ȝİIJĮ-
ȟȪ ʌȠȚȦȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ Ș IJȚȝȒ IJȘȢ ʌİȡȚȝȑIJȡȠȣ
= x 2 + y 2
2x + 6 y + 10
IJȠȣ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ ȖȡĮȝȝȠıțȚĮıȝȑȞȠȣ ıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢ.
( )
ȕ) x 2  y 2 2x  6 y  10 " 0 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)

( x
1) + ( y + 3) = 0 
2 2
ȁȪıȘ
( x
1 = 0 
 y + 3 = 0)  ( x = 1 
 y =
3) Į) ǹʌȩ IJȠ ıȤȒȝĮ ȑȤȠȣȝİ  = x
y țĮȚ  = 2 y,
ȐȡĮ Ș ʌİȡȓȝİIJȡȠȢ İȓȞĮȚ
 =  + 
+
+  +  +  =
= x + 2 y + x
y + y + y + y = 2x + 4 y.
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_506
ȕ) ǹʌȩ IJȚȢ ĮȞȚıȠIJȚțȑȢ ıȤȑıİȚȢ ʌȠȣ įȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ȑȤȠȣȝİ
ǹȞ 2
x
3 țĮȚ 1
y
2, ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ ȝİIJĮȟȪ ʌȠȚȦȞ 2
ȠȡȓȦȞ ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ Ș IJȚȝȒ țĮșİȝȚȐȢ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ ʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦ 5! x !8 2 5 ! 2x ! 2 8 
10 ! 2x ! 16 1
ʌĮȡĮıIJȐıİȚȢ: 4
Į) x + y (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5) 1! y ! 2 4 1! 4y ! 4 2 
4 ! 4y ! 8 2 .
ȕ) 2x
3y (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
ȆȡȠıșȑIJȠȣȝİ țĮIJȐ ȝȑȜȘ IJȚȢ ıȤȑıİȚȢ (1) , ( 2 ) țĮȚ
x
Ȗ) (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10) ȑȤȠȣȝİ 10 + 4 < 2x + 4 y < 16 + 8
14 <
< 24.
y

ȁȪıȘ
2 x 3 ( )
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1541
Į) 3 x y 5
1 y 2 ȅȡșȠȖȫȞȚȠ ʌĮȡĮȜȜȘȜȩȖȡĮȝȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ȝȒțȠȢ x İțĮIJȠ-
ıIJȐ țĮȚ ʌȜȐIJȠȢ y İțĮIJȠıIJȐ, ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮ. ǹȞ ȖȚĮ IJĮ
2 x 3 2 4 2x 6 ( )
ȕ) 2 2x 3y 3 ȝȒțȘ x țĮȚ y ȚıȤȪİȚ: 4
x
7 țĮȚ 2
y
3, IJȩIJİ:
1 y 2 3 6 3y 3
Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJĮ ȩȡȚĮ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȦȞ ȠʌȠȓȦȞ ʌİȡȚȑȤİIJĮȚ
2 x 3  Ș IJȚȝȒ IJȘȢ ʌİȡȚȝȑIJȡȠȣ IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ ʌĮȡĮȜȜȘ-
2 x 3 x
Ȗ) 1 1 1 3 ȜȠȖȡȐȝȝȠȣ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
1 y 2 1, y,2#0 1 y
2 y ȕ) ǹȞ IJȠ x ȝİȚȦșİȓ țĮIJȐ 1 țĮȚ IJȠ y IJȡȚʌȜĮıȚĮıIJİȓ,
ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJĮ ȩȡȚĮ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȦȞ ȠʌȠȓȦȞ ʌİȡȚȑȤİIJĮȚ Ș
IJȚȝȒ IJȘȢ ʌİȡȚȝȑIJȡȠȣ IJȠȣ ȞȑȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ ʌĮȡĮȜ-
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1092 ȜȘȜȠȖȡȐȝȝȠȣ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)
ǹʌȩ IJȠ ȠȡșȠȖȫȞȚȠ ABZH ĮijĮȚȡȑșȘțİ IJȠ IJİIJȡȐȖȦȞȠ
īǻǼǾ ʌȜİȣȡȐȢ y. ȁȪıȘ
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș ʌİȡȓȝİIJȡȠȢ IJȠȣ ȖȡĮȝȝȠıțȚ- Į) ȉȠ ȠȡșȠȖȫȞȚȠ ȝİ įȚĮıIJȐıİȚȢ x țĮȚ y ȑȤİȚ ʌİȡȓȝİ-
ĮıȝȑȞȠȣ ıȤȒȝĮIJȠȢ ǼǽǺǹīǻ ʌȠȣ ĮʌȑȝİȚȞİ įȓȞİIJĮȚ (
IJȡȠ
= 2x + 2 y = 2 x + y . )
Įʌȩ IJȘ ıȤȑıȘ:
= 2x + 4 y

14
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ȆȡȠıșȑIJȠȣȝİ țĮIJȐ ȝȑȜȘ IJȚȢ ıȤȑıİȚȢ IJȘȢ ȣʌȩșİ- ȕ) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: Ȁ • ȁ, ȖȚĮ țȐșİ IJȚȝȒ IJȦȞ Į, ȕ.
ıȘȢ țĮȚ ȑȤȠȣȝİ (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
2
42 x y 73 6 x  y 10 Ȗ) īȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȦȞ Į, ȕ ȚıȤȪİȚ Ș ȚıȩIJȘIJĮ K =
;
ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ.
( )
2 6
2 x + y
2 10  12


20.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȕ) ȉȠ ȞȑȠ ȠȡșȠȖȫȞȚȠ ȑȤİȚ įȚĮıIJȐıİȚȢ x
1 țĮȚ 3y
țĮȚ șĮ ȑȤİȚ ȞȑĮ ʌİȡȓȝİIJȡȠ ȁȪıȘ
( ) ( )
 = 2 x
1 + 2 3y = 2x
2 + 6 y = 2x + 6 y
2. Į) K
 = 2
2 +  2 + 9
2
3
 = ( )
2 2
DzȤȠȣȝİ = 2
+  + 9
6
+ 2
 =
2
4
x
7  2  4
2x
2 7  8
2x
14 1 () =
2 +
2 +  2 + 9
6
+ 2
 =
6 (
=
2 + 2
 +  2 +
2
6
+ 9 ) ( )
()
2
y
3 6  2
6 y
6 3  12
6 y
18 2 .
( ) ( )
2 2
ȆȡȠıșȑIJȠȣȝİ țĮIJȐ ȝȑȜȘ IJȚȢ ıȤȑıİȚȢ (1) , ( 2 ) țĮȚ ȕ) K
 =
+  +

3  0, ȦȢ ȐșȡȠȚıȝĮ ȝȘ
ȑȤȠȣȝİ ĮȡȞȘIJȚțȫȞ ȩȡȦȞ, ȐȡĮ K

.

( ) ( )
2 2 2
8  12 2x  6 y 14  18 20 2x  6 y 32 Ȗ) K =   K
 = 0 
+  +

3 = 0 

20
2  2x + 6 y
2  32
2  18    30. 
+  = 0   =
3
  .


3 = 0 
= 3

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_3852
īȚĮ IJȠȣȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ Į, ȕ ȚıȤȪȠȣȞ
2


4 țĮȚ
4 

3. ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJĮ ȩȡȚĮ ȝİIJĮ- ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_4299
ȟȪ IJȦȞ ȠʌȠȓȦȞ ʌİȡȚȑȤİIJĮȚ Ș IJȚȝȒ țĮșİȝȚȐȢ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ ǹȞ ȖȚĮ IJȠȣȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ x țĮȚ y ȚıȤȪȠȣȞ
ʌĮȡĮıIJȐıİȚȢ: 3
x
5 țĮȚ
2  y 
1, ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJĮ ȩȡȚĮ ȝİIJĮȟȪ
Į)

2 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
IJȦȞ ȠʌȠȓȦȞ ȕȡȓıțȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȦȞ ʌĮȡĮıIJȐıİȦȞ:
Į) y
x (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȕ)
2
2
 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ȕ) x 2 + y 2 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)

ȁȪıȘ
ȁȪıȘ
2
Į) 4 3 8 2 6 6 2 8 ( )

1
Į) ǿıȤȪİȚ 3  x  5
3 
x 
5 
5 
x 
3
2 4 
DzȤȠȣȝİ 8 2 12.
2  y 
1  ( + )
6 2 8  
7  y
x 
4

5 
x 
3
2 4 ȕ) ǺȡȓıțȠȣȝİ IJȚȢ ĮțȡĮȓİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȦȞ x 2 țĮȚ y 2 :
ȕ)
8 2 12 
()
3, x,5#0
3 x 5 32 x2 52 9 x2 25 1
( )
2 8 


2  4 12  16 

2
  48 2

1 1, y,2#0
2 y 1 2 y 1 1 y 2

( ) ()
2
12 
y  22  1  y 2  4 2
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_3870
9
x 2
25 ( + )
ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ ʌĮȡĮıIJȐıİȚȢ: (1) + ( 2)  1
y 2
2 2
 10
x + y
29
K = 2
2 +  2 + 9 țĮȚ  = 2
3
 , ȩʌȠȣ
, 

( )
4 
Į) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ:
(
K
 =
2 + 2
 +  2 +
2
6
+ 9 ) ( )
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 3)

15
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_7519
( )
2

2
4
+ 4  0 

2  0, ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ.
ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȓ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ Į, ȕ, ȝİ
> 0 țĮȚ
4

> 0. ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: ȕ) Ǿ ıȤȑıȘ
+


()

4 1 ȚıȤȪİȚ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ
> 0.
4
Į)
+
4 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12) DZȡĮ ȚıȤȪİȚ țĮȚ ĮȞ ȩʌȠȣ Į ȕȐȜȠȣȝİ IJȠ
> 0,


4
 4  4
ȕ) 
+    + 
16 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13) ȠʌȩIJİ
+


()

4 2 . ȆȠȜȜĮʌȜĮıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȢ țĮIJȐ

  
() ()
ȝȑȜȘ IJȚȢ 1 țĮȚ 2 (ȩȜȠȚ ȠȚ ȩȡȠȚ İȓȞĮȚ șİIJȚțȠȓ),
ȁȪıȘ
 4  4
ʌĮȓȡȞȠȣȝİ 
+    + 
16.
4
>0 4 
  
Į)
+
4
2 +

4

2 + 4
4


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2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ ȁȪıȘ



]ĬǼȂǹ 2_504 Į) + 2 +
20
1 


Į) ǹȞ
< 0, ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȚȤșİȓ ȩIJȚ:
+ 
2.

2 2

(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)

 2

+
0




1
ȕ) ǹȞ
< 0, ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȚȤșİȓ ȩIJȚ:
+
2.
(

 )
2 2 2



2
 + 
0

0,
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)


ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ.
ȁȪıȘ
ȕ) ǹʌȩ IJȠ İȡȫIJȘȝĮ (Į) ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ ȩIJȚ Ș ȚıȩIJȘIJĮ
1 1
(

 )
2
Į)
+ 
2 
+ + 2  0 


ȚıȤȪİȚ ȖȚĮ =0

 =0



2 1 2

2 + 2
+ 1
<0
+ +
0
0





= 

= ± .
( )
2

2 + 2
+ 1
0 
+ 1
0, ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ. DZȡĮ Ș ȚıȩIJȘIJĮ ȚıȤȪİȚ ȩIJĮȞ ȠȚ
, 


0 {}
1
<0 1 1 İȓȞĮȚ ȓıȠȚ Ȓ ĮȞIJȓșİIJȠȚ.
ȕ)
+  2


 2 
+ 
2,




ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ Įʌȩ IJȠ (Į).
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_996
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ:  = x
1 + y
3 , ȝİ x, y
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_509 ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ ȖȚĮ IJȠȣȢ ȠʌȠȓȠȣȢ ȚıȤȪİȚ:
{}
Į) ǹȞ
, 


0 , ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȚȤșİȓ ȩIJȚ: 1 < x < 4 țĮȚ 2 < y < 3.
ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ:


+
2 1


() (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15) Į)  = x
y + 2 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȕ) 0 <  < 4 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
()
ȕ) ȆȩIJİ ȚıȤȪİȚ Ș ȚıȩIJȘIJĮ ıIJȘȞ 1 ; ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ
IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)

16
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ȁȪıȘ ȕ) ȉȠ İȝȕĮįȩȞ E IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ ȝİ ȝȒțȘ ʌȜİȣȡȫȞ

Į) 1 < x  0 < x
1  x
1 = x
1 țĮȚ x, y ȚıȠȪIJĮȚ ȝİ  = xy. ǹijȠȪ IJĮ
x, y ʌĮȓȡȞȠȣȞ șİIJȚțȑȢ IJȚȝȑȢ, ʌȠȜȜĮʌȜĮıȚȐȗȠȣȝİ
y < 3  y
3 < 0  y
3 = 3
y. țĮIJȐ ȝȑȜȘ IJȚȢ įȪȠ ĮȞȚıȠIJȚțȑȢ ıȤȑıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȑȤȠȣȝİ:
DZȡĮ  = x
1+ 3
y = x
y + 2. 1
2 < xy < 3
4  2 <  < 12.
1< x < 4  1< x < 4  (+ )
ȕ)  
2 < y < 3
3 <
y <
2 

2 < x
y < 2  0 < x
y + 2 < 4  0 <  < 4 ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1074
Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ ȖȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ y
ȚıȤȪİȚ: y
3 < 1. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1009 ȕ) ǹȞ x, y İȓȞĮȚ IJĮ ȝȒțȘ IJȦȞ ʌȜİȣȡȫȞ İȞȩȢ ȠȡșȠ-
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ:  = 3x
6 + 2, ȩʌȠȣ Ƞ x İȓȞĮȚ ȖȦȞȓȠȣ ʌĮȡĮȜȜȘȜȠȖȡȐȝȝȠȣ, ȝİ 1 < x < 3 țĮȚ
ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȩȢ ĮȡȚșȝȩȢ. 2 < y < 4, IJȩIJİ ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: 6 <
< 14,
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ ȩʌȠȣ Ȇ İȓȞĮȚ Ș ʌİȡȓȝİIJȡȠȢ IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ.
i) ȖȚĮ țȐșİ x
2,  = 3x
4 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ii) ȖȚĮ țȐșİ x < 2,  = 8
3x. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȁȪıȘ
ȕ) ǹȞ ȖȚĮ IJȠȞ x ȚıȤȪİȚ ȩIJȚ x
2, ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ:
Į) y
3 < 1 
1 < y
3 < 1 
9x 2
16
= 3x + 4 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
1+ 3 < y
3+ 3 < 1+ 3  2 < y < 4
3x
6 + 2
ȕ) Ǿ ʌİȡȓȝİIJȡȠȢ Ȇ IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ
ȁȪıȘ ȝİ ȝȒțȘ ʌȜİȣȡȫȞ x, y ȚıȠȪIJĮȚ ȝİ

Į) i) ǹȞ x
2, IJȩIJİ ( )

= 2x + 2 y = 2 x + y . ȆȡȠıșȑIJȠȞIJĮȢ țĮIJȐ ȝȑȜȘ
IJȚȢ įȪȠ ĮȞȚıȠIJȚțȑȢ ıȤȑıİȚȢ, ȑȤȠȣȝİ
3x  6  3x
6  0  3x
6 = 3x
6, ȐȡĮ
1+ 2 < x + y < 3+ 4
3 < x + y < 7

 = 3x
6 + 2 = 3x
4.
ii) ǹȞ x < 2, IJȩIJİ ( )
2
3 < 2 x + y < 2
7  6 <
< 14.

3x < 6  3x
6 < 0  3x
6 =
3x + 6, ȐȡĮ

 =
3x + 6 + 2 = 8
3x. ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1089
9x 2
16 x2 9x 2
16 9x 2
16 īȚĮ țȐșİ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȩ ĮȡȚșȝȩ x ȝİ IJȘȞ ȚįȚȩIJȘIJĮ
ȕ) = = =
3x
6 + 2 3x
6 + 2 3x
4 5 < x < 10,
Į) ȞĮ ȖȡȐȥİIJİ IJȚȢ ʌĮȡĮıIJȐıİȚȢ x
5 țĮȚ x
10
(3x ) (3x
4)(3x + 4) = 3x + 4
2

42
= = ȤȦȡȓȢ ĮʌȩȜȣIJİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ, (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
3x
4 3x
4
ȕ) ȞĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘȢ:
x
5 x
10
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1062 = + (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)
x
5 x
10
Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ ȖȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ y
ȚıȤȪİȚ: y
3 < 1. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12) ȁȪıȘ
ȕ) ǹȞ x, y İȓȞĮȚ IJĮ ȝȒțȘ IJȦȞ ʌȜİȣȡȫȞ İȞȩȢ ȠȡșȠ- Į) ǹʌȩ IJȘȞ ȣʌȩșİıȘ ȑȤȠȣȝİ 5 < x  x
5 > 0,
ȖȦȞȓȠȣ ʌĮȡĮȜȜȘȜȠȖȡȐȝȝȠȣ, ȝİ 1 < x < 3 țĮȚ
İʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ x
5 = x
5 țĮȚ x < 10  x
10 < 0,
2 < y < 4, IJȩIJİ ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJĮ ȩȡȚĮ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȦȞ
ȠʌȠȓȦȞ ʌİȡȚȑȤİIJĮȚ Ș IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ İȝȕĮįȠȪ E IJȠȣ Ƞȡ- ( )
ȐȡĮ x
10 =
x
10 =
x + 10.
șȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13) ȕ) ȁĮȝȕȐȞȠȞIJĮȢ ȣʌȩȥȘ IJȠ İȡȫIJȘȝĮ (Į), Ș ʌĮȡȐ-
ıIJĮıȘ ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ
ȁȪıȘ
x
5 x
10 x
5 x
10
Į) y
3 < 1 
1 < y
3 < 1  = + =
= 1
1 = 0.
x
5 x
10 x
5 x
10

1+ 3 < y
3+ 3 < 1+ 3  2 < y < 4

17
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1091 4 + 4
4x + 2 y
20 + 20  8


40. ȈȣȞİʌȫȢ

ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ:  = x
1
x
2 Ș ȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ IJȚȝȒ ʌȠȣ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ʌȐȡİȚ Ș ʌİȡȓȝİ-
Į) īȚĮ 1 < x < 2, ȞĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ:  = 2x
3 IJȡȠȢ IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ 8 țĮȚ Ș ȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘ 40.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ȕ) īȚĮ x < 1, ȞĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ A ȑȤİȚ ıIJĮ-
șİȡȒ IJȚȝȒ (ĮȞİȟȐȡIJȘIJȘ IJȠȣ x), IJȘȞ ȠʌȠȓĮ ȞĮ ʌȡȠı-
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1544
įȚȠȡȓıİIJİ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ x 2 + 4x + 5 > 0 ȖȚĮ țȐșİ ʌȡĮȖ-
ȝĮIJȚțȩ ĮȡȚșȝȩ x. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
ȁȪıȘ
ȕ) ȃĮ ȖȡȐȥİIJİ ȤȦȡȓȢ ĮʌȩȜȣIJİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȘȞ ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ
Į) ǹʌȩ IJȘȞ ȣʌȩșİıȘ ȑȤȠȣȝİ 1 < x  x
1 > 0,
 = x 2 + 4x + 5
x 2 + 4x + 4 . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)
ȠʌȩIJİ x
1 = x
1 țĮȚ x < 2  x
2 < 0, ȐȡĮ
ȁȪıȘ
( )
x
2 =
x
2 . ǼʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ ȖȡȐ-
Į) x 2 + 4x + 5 = x 2 + 4x + 4

+1=
ijİIJĮȚ  = x
1
x
2 = x
1+ x
2 = 2x
3. 5

ȕ) īȚĮ x < 1  x
1 < 0 șĮ ȑȤȠȣȝİ țĮȚ ( )

2 2
= x + 4x + 4 + 1 = x + 2 + 1 > 0


  
x < 2  x
2 < 0, İʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ (+)
( )
x
1 =
x
1 țĮȚ x
2 =
x
2 . DZȡĮ ( ) 2 2
ȕ)  = x + 4x + 5
x + 4x + 4 =
(
 = x
1
x
2 =
x
1 + x
2 = )
( )
2
=
x + 1+ x
2 =
1. x 2
=
+4x+5
x + 2 =


  
(+) (+)

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1273 2 2
= x + 4x + 5
x
4x
4 = 1
ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ įȪȠ IJȝȒȝĮIJĮ ȝİ ȝȒțȘ x țĮȚ y, ȖȚĮ IJĮ ȠʌȠȓĮ
ȚıȤȪȠȣȞ: x
3  2 țĮȚ y
6  4.
Į) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: 1
x
5 țĮȚ 2
y
10. ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_2702
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12) ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ ʌĮȡĮıIJȐıİȚȢ:
ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİșİȓ Ș ȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ țĮȚ Ș ȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘ IJȚȝȒ  = 2x
4 țĮȚ  = x
3 , ȩʌȠȣ x İȓȞĮȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚ-
ʌȠȣ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ʌȐȡİȚ Ș ʌİȡȓȝİIJȡȠȢ İȞȩȢ ȠȡșȠȖȦ- țȩȢ ĮȡȚșȝȩȢ.
ȞȓȠȣ ȝİ įȚĮıIJȐıİȚȢ 2x țĮȚ y. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13) Į) īȚĮ țȐșİ 2
x < 3, ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ
 +  = x
1. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 16)
ȁȪıȘ
+3
)
ȕ) ȊʌȐȡȤİȚ x
 2, 3 ȫıIJİ ȞĮ ȚıȤȪİȚ  +  = 2; ȃĮ
Į) x
3  2 
2  x
3  2 ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)

2 + 3  x
3+ 3  2 + 3  1  x  5 țĮȚ
+6 ȁȪıȘ
y
6  4 
4  y
6  4
Į) ǹʌȩ IJȘȞ ȣʌȩșİıȘ ȑȤȠȣȝİ 2  x  x
2  0,

4 + 6  y
6 + 6  4 + 6  2  y  10.
ȕ) ȉȠ ȠȡșȠȖȫȞȚȠ ȝİ įȚĮıIJȐıİȚȢ 2x țĮȚ y ȑȤİȚ ȠʌȩIJİ x
2 = x
2 țĮȚ x < 3  x
3 < 0, ȐȡĮ
(
ʌİȡȓȝİIJȡȠ
= 2 2x + y = 4x + 2 y.) ( )
x
3 =
x
3 . ǼʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ ȑȤȠȣȝİ
ǹʌȩ IJȠ İȡȫIJȘȝĮ (Į) ȑȤȠȣȝİ
4
1
x
5 4 1
4x
4 5  4
4x
20 1 țĮȚ () +  = 2 x
2 + x
3 = 2 x
2
x
3 = ( ) ( )
2
2
y
10 2  2
2 y
2 10  = 2x
4
x + 3 = x
1.

()
4
2 y
20 2 . ȆȡȠıșȑIJȠȣȝİ țĮIJȐ ȝȑȜȘ IJȚȢ ȕ)  +  = 2  x
1 = 2  x = 3   2, 3 , ȐȡĮ įİȞ )
ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ IJȑIJȠȚȠȢ x.
ıȤȑıİȚȢ (1) , ( 2 ) țĮȚ ȑȤȠȣȝİ

18
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ
4Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_2287
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ ȑȞĮȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȩȢ ĮȡȚșȝȩȢ x ʌȠȣ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚİȓ
( )
IJȘ ıȤȑıȘ: d x,5
9.
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįȫıİIJİ IJȘȞ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ ıȤȑıȘ ȜİțIJȚțȐ.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
ȕ) Ȃİ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȠȣ ȐȟȠȞĮ IJȦȞ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȫȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ,
ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮıIJȒıİIJİ ıİ ȝȠȡijȒ įȚĮıIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ IJȠ ıȪȞȠ-
ȜȠ IJȦȞ įȣȞĮIJȫȞ IJȚȝȫȞ IJȠȣ x. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
Ȗ) ȃĮ ȖȡȐȥİIJİ IJȘ ıȤȑıȘ ȝİ IJȠ ıȪȝȕȠȜȠ IJȘȢ ĮʌȩȜȣ-
IJȘȢ IJȚȝȒȢ țĮȚ ȞĮ İʌȚȕİȕĮȚȫıİIJİ ȝİ ĮȜȖİȕȡȚțȩ IJȡȩ-
ʌȠ IJȠ ıȣȝʌȑȡĮıȝĮ IJȠȣ İȡȦIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ (ȕ).
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
į) ȃĮ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİ IJȠ ıȣȝʌȑȡĮıȝĮ IJȠȣ İȡȦIJȒ-
ȝĮIJȠȢ (Ȗ) ȖȚĮ ȞĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: x + 4 + x
14 = 18
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
ȁȪıȘ
Į) Ǿ ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ IJȠȣ ıȘȝİȓȠȣ ʌȠȣ ʌĮȡȚıIJȐȞİȚ IJȠȞ
ĮȡȚșȝȩ x ıIJȠȞ ȐȟȠȞĮ IJȦȞ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȫȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ
Įʌȩ IJȠ ıȘȝİȓȠ ʌȠȣ ʌĮȡȚıIJȐȞİȚ IJȠȞ ĮȡȚșȝȩ 5 İȓȞĮȚ
ȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ Ȓ ȓıȘ IJȠȣ 9.
ȕ)
Ȗ) Ǿ ıȤȑıȘ ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ x
5  9 
9  x
5  9 

9 + 5  x  9 + 5 
4  x  14.
į) ǹʌȩ IJȠ İȡȫIJȘȝĮ (Ȗ) ȑȤȠȣȝİ

4  x  0  x + 4  x + 4 = x + 4 țĮȚ
( )
x  14  x
14  0  x
14 =
x
14 = 14
x.
DZȡĮ x + 4 + x
14 = x + 4 + 14
x = 18.
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_2301
ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ IJĮ ıȘȝİȓĮ ǹ, Ǻ țĮȚ Ȃ ʌȠȣ ʌĮȡȚıIJȐȞȠȣȞ
ıIJȠȞ ȐȟȠȞĮ IJȦȞ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȫȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚș-
ȝȠȪȢ
2, 7 țĮȚ x ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮ, ȝİ
2 < x < 7.
Į) ȃĮ įȚĮIJȣʌȫıİIJİ IJȘ ȖİȦȝİIJȡȚțȒ İȡȝȘȞİȓĮ IJȦȞ ʌĮ-
ȡĮıIJȐıİȦȞ
i) x + 2 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 4)
ii) x
7 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 4)
19
ȕ) Ȃİ IJȘ ȕȠȒșİȚĮ IJȠȣ ȐȟȠȞĮ ȞĮ įȫıİIJİ IJȘ ȖİȦȝİIJȡȚțȒ
İȡȝȘȞİȓĮ IJȠȣ ĮșȡȠȓıȝĮIJȠȢ: x + 2 + x
7
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
Ȗ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘȢ
 = x + 2 + x
7 ȖİȦȝİIJȡȚțȐ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
į) ȃĮ İʌȚȕİȕĮȚȫıİIJİ ĮȜȖİȕȡȚțȐ IJȠ ʌȡȠȘȖȠȪȝİȞȠ
ıȣȝʌȑȡĮıȝĮ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)
ȁȪıȘ
Į) i) x + 2 İȓȞĮȚ Ș ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ IJȠȣ ıȘȝİȓȠȣ M Įʌȩ IJȠ
ıȘȝİȓȠ A.
ii) x
7 İȓȞĮȚ Ș ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ IJȠȣ ıȘȝİȓȠȣ M Įʌȩ IJȠ
ıȘȝİȓȠ B.
ȕ)
ȉȠ ȐșȡȠȚıȝĮ x + 2 + x
7 ȚıȠȪIJĮȚ ȝİ IJȠ ȐșȡȠȚ-
ıȝĮ IJȦȞ ĮʌȠıIJȐıİȦȞ IJȠȣ M Įʌȩ IJȠ A țĮȚ Įʌȩ IJȠ B.
Ȗ) ǼʌİȚįȒ
2 < x < 7, IJȠ ıȘȝİȓȠ M İȓȞĮȚ İıȦIJİȡȚțȩ
IJȠȣ IJȝȒȝĮIJȠȢ AB, ȠʌȩIJİ IJȠ ȐșȡȠȚıȝĮ IJȦȞ ĮʌȠ-
ıIJȐıİȦȞ IJȠȣ M Įʌȩ IJȠ A țĮȚ Įʌȩ IJȠ B ȚıȠȪIJĮȚ ȝİ
IJȘȞ ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ IJȠȣ A Įʌȩ IJȠ B.
DZȡĮ A = x + 2 + x
7 = 9.
į) DzȤȠȣȝİ
2 < x  0 < x + 2  x + 2 = x + 2 țĮȚ
( )
x < 7  x
7 < 0  x
7 =
x
7 = 7
x.
DZȡĮ A = x + 2 + x
7 = x + 2 + 7
x = 9.
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_2302
Ȉİ ȑȞĮȞ ȐȟȠȞĮ IJĮ ıȘȝİȓĮ A, B țĮȚ M ĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤȠȪȞ
ıIJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ 5, 9 țĮȚ x ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮ.
Į) ȃĮ įȚĮIJȣʌȫıİIJİ IJȘ ȖİȦȝİIJȡȚțȒ İȡȝȘȞİȓĮ IJȦȞ ʌĮ-
ȡĮıIJȐıİȦȞ x
5 țĮȚ x
9 . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
ȕ) ǹȞ ȚıȤȪİȚ x
5 = x
9 ,
i) ȆȠȚĮ ȖİȦȝİIJȡȚțȒ ȚįȚȩIJȘIJĮ IJȠȣ ıȘȝİȓȠȣ M ĮȞĮ-
ȖȞȦȡȓȗİIJİ; ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ
ıĮȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)
ii) Ȃİ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȠȣ ȐȟȠȞĮ, ȞĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ IJȠȞ
ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȩ ĮȡȚșȝȩ x ʌȠȣ ʌĮȡȚıIJȐȞİȚ IJȠ ıȘ-
ȝİȓȠ M. ȃĮ İʌȚȕİȕĮȚȫıİIJİ ȝİ ĮȜȖİȕȡȚțȩ IJȡȩʌȠ
IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ
ȁȪıȘ
Į) x
5 İȓȞĮȚ Ș ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ IJȦȞ ıȘȝİȓȦȞ A țĮȚ M,
( )
įȘȜĮįȒ IJȠ ȝȒțȠȢ  , țĮȚ x
9 İȓȞĮȚ Ș
ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ IJȦȞ ıȘȝİȓȦȞ B țĮȚ M, įȘȜĮįȒ
(
IJȠ ȝȒțȠȢ  . ) x
3  5 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ
2,
1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.
ȕ) i) ǹȞ ȚıȤȪİȚ x
5 = x
9 , IJȩIJİ IJȠ ıȘȝİȓȠ M
ȚıĮʌȑȤİȚ Įʌȩ IJĮ A țĮȚ B, įȘȜĮįȒ IJȠ ıȘȝİȓȠ M
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ ıIJȠ ȝȑıȠ IJȠȣ İȣșȪȖȡĮȝȝȠȣ IJȝȒȝĮ-
IJȠȢ AB.
ii)
ȉȠ ȝȑıȠ M ĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤİȓ ıIJȠȞ ĮȡȚșȝȩ 7.
ǹȜȖİȕȡȚțȐ ȜȪȞȠȣȝİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ:
x
5 = x
9 
( x
5 = x
9  x
5 =
x + 9) 
(0x =
4,  ,  2x = 14)  x = 7
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4946
Į) ȃĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮȞȓıȦıȘ x
3  5. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)
ȕ) ȃĮ ĮʌİȚțȠȞȓıİIJİ IJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȦȞ ȜȪıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ĮȞȓ-
ıȦıȘȢ ĮȣIJȒȢ ʌȐȞȦ ıIJȠȞ ȐȟȠȞĮ IJȦȞ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȫȞ
ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ țĮȚ ȞĮ İȡȝȘȞİȪıİIJİ IJȠ ĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮ, ȝİ
ȕȐıȘ IJȘ ȖİȦȝİIJȡȚțȒ ıȘȝĮıȓĮ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘȢ
x
3 . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
Ȗ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ ȩȜȠȣȢ IJȠȣȢ ĮțȑȡĮȚȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ x ʌȠȣ
ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȠȪȞ IJȘȞ ĮȞȓıȦıȘ x
3  5. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȠ ʌȜȒșȠȢ IJȦȞ ĮțȑȡĮȚȦȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ x
ʌȠȣ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȠȪȞ IJȘȞ ĮȞȓıȦıȘ x
3  5.
ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
ȁȪıȘ
Į) x
3  5 
5  x
3  5  3
5  x  3+ 5 

2  x  8  x  
2, 8 
ȕ)
20
ȆȡȩțİȚIJĮȚ ȖȚĮ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ ʌȠȣ ʌĮȡȚıIJȐȞȠȞIJĮȚ
ıIJȠȞ ȐȟȠȞĮ IJȦȞ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȫȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ ȝİ ıȘȝİȓĮ
ʌȠȣ ĮʌȑȤȠȣȞ Įʌȩ IJȠ 3 ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ ȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ Ȓ ȓıȘ
IJȠȣ 5.
Ȗ) ȅȚ ĮțȑȡĮȚȠȚ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ ʌȠȣ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȠȪȞ IJȘȞ ĮȞȓıȦıȘ
x 0
į) ȆȡȑʌİȚ x 2, 8 2 x 8 0 x 8
x  8 
8  x  8  x  
8, 8  .
ȅȚ ĮțȑȡĮȚİȢ ȜȪıİȚȢ İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ
0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3, ± 4, ± 5, ± 6, ± 7, ± 8.
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_7791
ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȓ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ Į țĮȚ ȕ ȖȚĮ IJȠȣȢ
( )(
ȠʌȠȓȠȣȢ ȚıȤȪİȚ Ș ĮȞȓıȦıȘ:

1 1
 > 0. )
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ IJȠ 1 İȓȞĮȚ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȦȞ Į, ȕ.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ȕ) ǹȞ İʌȚʌȜȑȠȞ 

= 4, ȞĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ
IJȘȢ ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘȢ:  = 
1 + 1
 .
ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ İȓIJİ ȖİȦȝİ-
IJȡȚțȐ İȓIJİ ĮȜȖİȕȡȚțȐ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȁȪıȘ
( )( )
Į) ǹijȠȪ IJȠ ȖȚȞȩȝİȞȠ

1 1
 İȓȞĮȚ șİIJȚțȩ, ȠȚ
ʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢ (

1) țĮȚ (1

) İȓȞĮȚ ȠȝȩıȘȝȠȚ,
įȘȜĮįȒ Ȓ țĮȚ ȠȚ įȪȠ șİIJȚțȠȓ Ȓ țĮȚ ȠȚ įȪȠ ĮȡȞȘIJȚțȠȓ.
• ǹȞ

1 > 0 
> 1, IJȩIJİ 1

> 0 
< 1,
ȐȡĮ  < 1 <
.
• ǹȞ

1 < 0 
< 1, IJȩIJİ 1

< 0 
> 1,
ȐȡĮ
< 1 < .
Ȉİ țȐșİ ʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘ IJȠ 1 İȓȞĮȚ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȦȞ Į, ȕ.
ȕ) DzȤȠȣȝİ ȩIJȚ

1 İȓȞĮȚ Ș ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ IJȠȣ Į Įʌȩ IJȠ
1, İȞȫ 1

İȓȞĮȚ Ș ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ IJȠȣ ȕ Įʌȩ IJȠ 1.
DZȡĮ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ  = 
1 + 1
 İțijȡȐȗİȚ
IJȠ ȐșȡȠȚıȝĮ IJȦȞ ĮʌȠıIJȐıİȦȞ IJȠȣ Į Įʌȩ IJȠ 1 țĮȚ
IJȠȣ ȕ Įʌȩ IJȠ 1. ǼʌİȚįȒ ȩȝȦȢ Įʌȩ IJȠ İȡȫIJȘȝĮ (Į)
IJȠ 1 İȓȞĮȚ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȦȞ Į, ȕ, ıȣȝʌİȡĮȓȞȠȣȝİ ȩIJȚ
Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ K İțijȡȐȗİȚ IJȘȞ ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ IJȠȣ Į
Įʌȩ IJȠ ȕ, įȘȜĮįȒ  = 
 = 4.
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

]ĬǼȂǹ 4_8443 ]ĬǼȂǹ 4_8453

Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȠȣȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ x ȖȚĮ IJȠȣȢ īȚĮ IJȠȣȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ
, 

ȚıȤȪİȚ ȩIJȚ
ȠʌȠȓȠȣȢ ȚıȤȪİȚ x
4 < 2. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10) •

2 <1
ȕ) ĬİȦȡȠȪȝİ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȩ ĮȡȚșȝȩ x ʌȠȣ Ș ĮʌȩıIJĮıȒ •

3  2
IJȠȣ Įʌȩ IJȠ 4 ıIJȠȞ ȐȟȠȞĮ IJȦȞ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȫȞ ĮȡȚș-
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȚȤșİȓ ȩIJȚ 1 <
< 3. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 4)
ȝȫȞ İȓȞĮȚ ȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ Įʌȩ 2.
ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİșİȓ ȝİIJĮȟȪ ʌȠȚȦȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ Ƞ ȕ.
i) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ IJȠȣ IJȡȚʌȜȐıȚȠȣ
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
IJȠȣ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪ ĮȣIJȠȪ Įʌȩ IJȠ 4 İȓȞĮȚ ȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘ
Ȗ) ȃĮ ȕȡİșİȓ ȝİIJĮȟȪ ʌȠȚȦȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮ-
IJȠȣ 2 țĮȚ ȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ IJȠȣ 14. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
ȡȐıIJĮıȘ 2

3. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)
ii) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ ȝİIJĮȟȪ ʌȠȚȦȞ ȠȡȓȦȞ ʌİȡȚȑȤİIJĮȚ Ș
į) ȃĮ ȕȡİșİȓ ȝİIJĮȟȪ ʌȠȚȦȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ Ș
IJȚȝȒ IJȘȢ ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘȢ IJȠȣ 3x Įʌȩ IJȠ 19.


(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10) ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)

ȁȪıȘ ȁȪıȘ
Į)

2 < 1 
1 <

2 < 1 
Į) x
4 < 2 
2 < x
4 < 2 

2 + 4 < x
4 + 4 < 2 + 4  2 < x < 6, ȐȡĮ 2
1 <

2 + 2 < 1+ 2  1 <
< 3
ȕ)

3  2 
2 

3  2 
( )
x
2, 6 .
3
2 
 3+ 2  1 
 5, ȐȡĮ Ƞ ȕ ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
ȕ) i) DzȤȠȣȝİ x
4 < 2 țĮȚ Įʌȩ İȡȫIJȘȝĮ (Į) ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ
ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȦȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ 1 țĮȚ 5.
2 < x < 6  2
3 < 3x < 6
3  6 < 3x < 18 
2

6
4 < 3x
4 < 18
4  2 < 3x
4 < 14, Ȗ) 1 <
< 3 2
1 < 2
< 2
3  2 < 2
< 6 țĮȚ
( )

3
ȐȡĮ 3x
4 > 0  3x
4 = 3x
4. ȉİȜȚțȐ, 1 
 5
31 
3

35 
15 
3

3.
2 < 3x
4 < 14, įȘȜĮįȒ Ș ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ IJȠȣ 3x
2 < 2
< 6  ( + )
Įʌȩ IJȠ 4 İȓȞĮȚ ȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘ IJȠȣ 2 țĮȚ ȝȚțȡȩIJİ- ǼʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ 

15 
3 
3
ȡȘ IJȠȣ 14.
ii) DzȤȠȣȝİ ( ) (
2 +
15 < 2
+
3 < 6 +
3  ) ( )
6 < 3x < 18  6
19 < 3x
19 < 18
19 

13 < 2

3 < 3, ȐȡĮ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ 2

3

13 < 3x
19 <
1, ȐȡĮ
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȦȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ 13 țĮȚ 3.
3x
19 < 0  3x
19 = 19
3x. ȈȣȞİʌȫȢ
1, , 5#0 1 1 1 1 1
1 < 19
3x < 13  1 < 3x
19 < 13, įȘȜĮįȒ Ș į) 1 5 1
1 5 5
ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ IJȠȣ 3x Įʌȩ IJȠ 19 İȓȞĮȚ ȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘ 1<
< 3  
IJȠȣ 1 țĮȚ ȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȘ IJȠȣ 13. ( ) 1

ǼʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ 1 1   < < 3, ȐȡĮ Ș ʌĮȡȐ-


1 5 
5  

1
ıIJĮıȘ ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȦȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ țĮȚ 3.
 5

21
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

¢˜–•Œ ˆ¢‘ƒš‘£˜™ž  ‘¢˜…šž 

2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ ȕ) īȚĮ x = 5, ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: 2 + 
6 = 0

(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_936
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ: ȁȪıȘ
= ( x
4 + x +1 )( x
4
x +1 ) Į) ȆȡȑʌİȚ x
4  0  x  4 țĮȚ 6
x  0  x  6.
Į) īȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ x ȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ A; ȃĮ DZȡĮ x
 4, 6  .
ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȕ) īȚĮ x = 5 İȓȞĮȚ  = 5
4 + 6
5 = 1 + 1 = 2
ȕ) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ A İȓȞĮȚ ıIJĮșİȡȒ,
įȘȜĮįȒ ĮȞİȟȐȡIJȘIJȘ IJȠȣ x. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13) țĮȚ 2 + 
6 = 22 + 2
6 = 4 + 2
6 = 0.

ȁȪıȘ
Į) ȆȡȑʌİȚ x
4  0  x  4 țĮȚ x + 1  0  x 
1.
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_947
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ:  = x 2 + 4
x
4
DZȡĮ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ ȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚ ȖȚĮ x
4.

( )( x
4
x + 1) =
Į) īȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ x ȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ A; ȃĮ
ȕ)  = x
4 + x +1 ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ țĮȚ ȞĮ ȖȡȐȥİ-

= ( x
4 )
( x + 1 ) = x
4
( x + 1) =
5
2 2 IJİ IJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȦȞ įȣȞĮIJȫȞ IJȚȝȫȞ IJȠȣ x ıİ ȝȠȡijȒ
įȚĮıIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȕ) īȚĮ x = 4, ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ:
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_938 (
2
 = 2 10
5 ) (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
3
Į) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: 3 < 30 < 4 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȁȪıȘ
ȕ) ȃĮ ıȣȖțȡȓȞİIJİ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ 3 30 țĮȚ 6
3 30 .
Į) ȆȡȑʌİȚ x
4  0  x  4 țĮȚ x 2 + 4
0, ʌȠȣ
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ȚıȤȪİȚ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ x

. DZȡĮ x   4, +
. )
ȁȪıȘ
ȕ) īȚĮ x = 4 İȓȞĮȚ  = 42 + 4
4
4 = 20 țĮȚ
Į) DzȤȠȣȝİ
( 20 )
20 = 20

2
3
3 < 3 30 < 4
33 < 3 30 < 43
27 < 30 < 64, 2
 = 4 5 =

= 2 10
2 5 = 2 (10
5 ) .
ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ.
3
ȕ) DzıIJȦ 30 > 6
3 30  3 30 + 3 30 > 6 
6
2 3 30 > 6
3 30 >
3 30 > 3

2 ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_950
3
3 3
30 > 3
30 > 27, ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ. ǼʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ:  = 1
x
4 x 4
Ș ĮȡȤȚțȒ ȝĮȢ ȣʌȩșİıȘ ȒIJĮȞ ıȦıIJȒ, ȐȡĮ Į) īȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ x ȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ A; ȃĮ
3
30 > 6
3 30 . ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ țĮȚ ȞĮ ȖȡȐȥİ-
IJİ IJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȦȞ įȣȞĮIJȫȞ IJȚȝȫȞ IJȠȣ x ıİ ȝȠȡijȒ
įȚĮıIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_944 ȕ) īȚĮ x =
3, ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ:

ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ:  = x
4 + 6
x 3 + 2 +  + 1 = 0 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)

Į) īȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ x ȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ A; ȃĮ

ȁȪıȘ
ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ țĮȚ ȞĮ ȖȡȐȥİ-
Į) ȆȡȑʌİȚ 1
x  0  x  1 țĮȚ x 4
0, ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ
IJİ IJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȦȞ įȣȞĮIJȫȞ IJȚȝȫȞ IJȠȣ x ıİ ȝȠȡijȒ
įȚĮıIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13) (
ȖȚĮ țȐșİ x

. DZȡĮ x 
, 1 .

22
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ȕ) īȚĮ x =
3 İȓȞĮȚ: ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1276

ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ:
( ) ( )
4
 = 1

3
4
3 = 4
3 =
1 țĮȚ
x 2 + 4x + 4 x 2
6x + 9
= + .
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
3 2
 +  +  + 1 =
1 +
1 +
1 + 1 = x+2 x
3
Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİșȠȪȞ ȠȚ IJȚȝȑȢ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ʌȐȡİȚ IJȠ x,
=
1+ 1
1+ 1 = 0.
ȫıIJİ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ Ȁ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ ȞȩȘȝĮ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȪ
ĮȡȚșȝȠȪ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȕ) ǹȞ
2 < x < 3, ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ Ȁ
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_952 ıIJĮșİȡȒ, įȘȜĮįȒ ĮȞİȟȐȡIJȘIJȘ IJȠȣ x. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
( x
2) .
5
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ:  = 5
ȁȪıȘ
Į) īȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ x ȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ B; ȃĮ
Į) ȉĮ ȣʌȩȡȡȚȗĮ İȓȞĮȚ IJȑȜİȚĮ IJİIJȡȐȖȦȞĮ, İʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ ȠȚ
ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ țĮȚ ȞĮ ȖȡȐȥİIJİ
ĮȡȚșȝȘIJȑȢ ȠȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ x. īȚĮ IJȠȣȢ
IJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȦȞ įȣȞĮIJȫȞ IJȚȝȫȞ IJȠȣ x ȣʌȩ ȝȠȡijȒ
ʌĮȡȠȞȠȝĮıIJȑȢ ʌȡȑʌİȚ x + 2  0  x 
2 țĮȚ
įȚĮıIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ȕ) īȚĮ x = 4, ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ:  2 + 6 =  4 x
3  0  x  3. ȉİȜȚțȐ, x



2, 3 . { }
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12) ȕ) ǹʌȩ IJȘȞ ĮȞȚıȠIJȚțȒ ıȤȑıȘ ȑȤȠȣȝİ

2 < x  x + 2 > 0 țĮȚ x < 3  x
3 < 0.
ȁȪıȘ
( x + 2) ( x
3)
2 2

( )
5
Į) ȆȡȑʌİȚ x
2  0  x
2  0  x  2. = + =
x+2 x
3
DZȡĮ x   2, +
. ) x 3 x2#0 x  2
x2 x 3
"  " " 1 1 " 0,
x  2 x 3 x 3!0 x  2 x 3
( 4
2)
5 5 5
ȕ) īȚĮ x = 4 İȓȞĮȚ  = 5
= 2 = 2 țĮȚ
ıIJĮșİȡȒ.
 2 + 6 = 22 + 6
2 = 16 = 24 =  4 .

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1300
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_955 ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ ĮȡȚșȝȘIJȚțȑȢ ʌĮȡĮıIJȐıİȚȢ:

( 2) ( 2) ( 2) , ( 3) , ( 6) .
6 6 6 6 6
3
ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ:  = țĮȚ  = A= B= 3

= 6

Į) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: 
 = 4 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13) Į) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: A + B +
= 23. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)

ȕ) ȃĮ įȚĮIJȐȟİIJİ Įʌȩ IJȠȞ ȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȠ ıIJȠȞ ȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠ ȕ) ȃĮ ıȣȖțȡȓȞİIJİ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ:
3
IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ: 2, 1, 2 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12) 3
3 țĮȚ 6 6 .
ȁȪıȘ ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
( 2)
( 2) = ( 2)
( 2)
6 6 23 23
3 3
Į) 
 = =
3 2
ȁȪıȘ
 2   3
=  2 
 3 2  = 23
2 2 = 8
4 = 4
( 2 ) + ( 3) + ( 6 ) =
6 6 6
3 6
    Į) A + B +
=
ȕ) ǼȓȞĮȚ 1 < 2
3 1 < 3 2
1 < 3 2 țĮȚ Įʌȩ IJȠ 6 6

İȡȫIJȘȝĮ (Į) ȑȤȠȣȝİ = 2 2 + 33 + 6 = 23 + 32 + 6 = 8 + 9 + 6 = 23

ȕ) ǹijȠȪ B = 9 țĮȚ
= 6, ȑȤȠȣȝİ B >
, ȐȡĮ
( 2) > ( 2) 
6 6
3

 = 4 > 0   >  
( 3) > ( 6 ) , ȠʌȩIJİ, ĮijȠȪ ȠȚ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ
6 6
3 6 3
3 țĮȚ

( 2) > ( 2)
6 6
3 3
6 6
2 > 2 . DZȡĮ 6
6 İȓȞĮȚ șİIJȚțȠȓ, ıȣȝʌİȡĮȓȞȠȣȝİ ȩIJȚ 3
3 > 6 6.

1 < 3 2 < 2.

23
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_3382 ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_4314

3 5 ǹȞ İȓȞĮȚ  = 3 5,  = 3,  = 6 5, IJȩIJİ:
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ:  = + .
5
3 5+ 3
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ 

 = 15 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)
Į) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ:  = 4. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȕ) ȃĮ ıȣȖțȡȓȞİIJİ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ ǹ, Ǻ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
ȕ) ȃĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ: x +  = 1. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ȁȪıȘ
ȁȪıȘ 1 1 1
3 5 Į) 

 = 3 5
3
6 5 = 53
32
56 =
Į)  = + = 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1
5
3 5+ 3
( )
+
= 56
56
32 = 56 6
32 = 56
32 = 52
32 = 5
3 2 =
3 5+ 3 5 5
3
=  +  = 1
5
3 5+ 3 5+ 3 5
3 = 152 = 15
2 2 ȕ) īȡȐijȠȣȝİ ʌȡȫIJĮ IJȠȣȢ ǹ, Ǻ ȦȢ ȡȓȗİȢ ȝİ IJȐȟȘ ȓıȘ
15 + 3 5
15 ȝİ IJȠ Ǽ.Ȁ.Ȇ. IJȦȞ IJȐȟİȦȞ IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ, ȫıIJİ ȞĮ
= 2 2
+ 2 2
=
5
3 5
3 ıȣȖțȡȓȞȠȣȝİ ȝİIJȐ IJĮ ȣʌȩȡȡȚȗĮ:

15 + 3 5
15 8 •  = 3 5 = 2
3 52 = 6 25
= + = =4
5
3 5
3 2 •  = 3 = 2
3 33 = 6 27
"4 6
ȕ) x  "1 x4 "1 ǹijȠȪ 25 < 27, șĮ İȓȞĮȚ 25 < 6 27 , ȐȡĮ  < .

( x + 4 = 1  x + 4 =
1)  ( x =
3  x =
5)
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_4316
ǹȞ İȓȞĮȚ A = 2
3, B = 2 + 3, IJȩIJİ:
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_4311
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ A
B = 1. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
( x
2)
2
ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ ʌĮȡĮıIJȐıİȚȢ  = țĮȚ ȕ) ȃĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘȢ
 = 2 +  2 . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
( 2
x ) , ȩʌȠȣ x ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȩȢ ĮȡȚșȝȩȢ.
3
B= 3

Į) īȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ x ȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ A; ȁȪıȘ

( )( )
2
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7) Į) AB = 2
3 2 + 3 = 22
3 = 4
3 = 1
ȕ) īȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ x ȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ B;
( )
2
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8) ȕ)  = 2 +  2 = A + B
2 AB =
Ȗ) NĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ, ȖȚĮ țȐșİ x
2, ȚıȤȪİȚ A = B.
( )
2
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10) = 2
3 + 2 + 3
2 1 = 42
2 = 16
2 = 14

ȁȪıȘ
( ) ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_8173
2
Į) ȆȡȑʌİȚ x
2  0, ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ x

.
ȈIJȠȞ ʌȓȞĮțĮ IJȘȢ IJȐȟȘȢ ıĮȢ İȓȞĮȚ ȖȡĮȝȝȑȞİȢ ȠȚ ʌĮȡĮ-
( )
3
ȕ) ȆȡȑʌİȚ 2
x  0  2
x  0  2  x  x  2. țȐIJȦ ʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢ (ʌȡȠıİȖȖȓıİȚȢ):
DZȡĮ Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ B ȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ 2
1,41
(
x 
, 2  . 3
1,73
Ȗ) īȚĮ țȐșİ x
2 ȠȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ țĮȚ ȠȚ įȪȠ ʌĮȡĮıIJȐıİȚȢ 5
2,24
ǹ țĮȚ B țĮȚ ȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚ
7
2,64
2 x 2
A" x 2  " x 2 " 
x 2 " 2 x țĮȚ Į) ȃĮ İʌȚȜȑȟİIJİ ȑȞĮȞ IJȡȩʌȠ, ȫıIJİ ȞĮ ĮȟȚȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİ IJĮ
ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ įİįȠȝȑȞĮ (ȩʌȠȚĮ șİȦȡİȓIJİ țĮIJȐȜȜȘȜĮ)
(2
x)
3
B= 3
= 2
x. țĮȚ ȞĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ ȝİ ʌȡȠıȑȖȖȚıȘ İțĮIJȠıIJȠȪ IJȠȣȢ
DZȡĮ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ x
2 İȓȞĮȚ A = B. ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ 20, 45 țĮȚ 80. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)

24
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ȕ) ǹȞ įİȞ ȣʌȒȡȤĮȞ ıIJȠȞ ʌȓȞĮțĮ ȠȚ ʌȡȠıİȖȖȚıIJȚțȑȢ IJȚ-

3 20 + 80 3 4 5 + 16 5
ȝȑȢ IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ ʌȫȢ șĮ ȝʌȠȡȠȪıĮIJİ ȞĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ ȕ) = =
45
5 9 5
5
3 20 + 80
IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘȢ ; 3 4 5 + 16 5 3 2 5 + 4 5
45
5 = = =
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
9 5
5 3 5
5
6 5+4 5 10 5
ȁȪıȘ = = =5
2 5 2 5
Į) DzȤȠȣȝİ
20 = 4 5 = 4  5 = 2 5
2  2,24 = 4,48,
45 = 9 5 = 9  5 = 3 5
3 2,24 = 6,72,
80 = 16 5 = 16  5 = 4 5
4  2,24 = 8,96.

•‡˜ŒžŒ•˜Œ 1ÌÖ ”‘…š¡¨

2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_507

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_485
( )
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ:
2
9 x =
2
3
, ȝİ ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ

ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
x = x +
2
1, ȝİ ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ


1 ()

. Į) ǼʌȚȜȑȖȠȞIJĮȢ IJȡİȚȢ įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ IJȚȝȑȢ ȖȚĮ IJȠ Ȝ, ȞĮ
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ ȖȡȐȥİIJİ IJȡİȚȢ İȟȚıȫıİȚȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6)

( ) ( )(
ȚıȠįȪȞĮȝĮ:

1 x =

1
+ 1 ,

) ȕ) ȃĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ


, ȫıIJİ Ș
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8) (1) ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ ȝȓĮ țĮȚ ȝȠȞĮįȚțȒ ȜȪıȘ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)
ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ Ȝ ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ Ș ʌĮȡĮʌȐ- Ȗ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ


, ȫıIJİ Ș ȝȠȞĮįȚțȒ
ȞȦ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ ĮțȡȚȕȫȢ ȝȓĮ ȜȪıȘ IJȘȞ ȠʌȠȓĮ țĮȚ
ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
()
ȜȪıȘ IJȘȢ 1 ȞĮ ȚıȠȪIJĮȚ ȝİ 4. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)

Ȗ) īȚĮ ʌȠȚĮ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ Ȝ Ș ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ ȁȪıȘ

IJĮȣIJȩIJȘIJĮ ıIJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȦȞ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȫȞ ĮȡȚș-
ȝȫȞ; ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ. Į) īȚĮ
= 0,
= 1 țĮȚ
= 2 Ș 1 ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ ()
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9) ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮ
9x = 0,
8x =
2 țĮȚ
5x =
2.
()
ȕ) Ǿ 1 ȑȤİȚ ȝȠȞĮįȚțȒ ȜȪıȘ ĮȞ țĮȚ ȝȩȞȠ ĮȞ
ȁȪıȘ
Į)
x = x +
2
1 
x
x =
2
1  ( )(

2
9  0 

3
+ 3  0 
 ±3. )
(

1) x = (

1)(
+ 1) Ȗ) īȚĮ

±3 Ș ȝȠȞĮįȚțȒ ȜȪıȘ IJȘȢ 1 İȓȞĮȚ ()

2
3

ȕ) ȆȡȑʌİȚ

1  0 
 1. īȚĮ

1 Ș ȜȪıȘ İȓȞĮȚ
( )

2
9 x =
2
3
 x = 2


9

(

1)(
+ 1)  x =
+ 1.
x=


1 x=
(



3 ) x=


. ȆȡȑʌİȚ
Ȗ) īȚĮ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ IJĮȣIJȩIJȘIJĮ, ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ (

3
+3 )( )
+3
IJȘȢ ȝȠȡijȒȢ 0x = 0, ȐȡĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ

1 = 0 
= 1
( )( ) (
țĮȚ

1
+ 1 = 0 
= 1 
=
1 . )



+3
(
= 4

= 4
+ 3

= 4
+ 12
)
DZȡĮ
= 1.
3
= 12 
=
4.

25
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1055 Į) ȃĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ ıIJȚȢ ʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦ ʌİȡȚʌIJȫıİȚȢ:

ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ: (

1) x = (
+ 1)(
+ 2),
2
ȝİ
i) ȩIJĮȞ
= 1,
ii) ȩIJĮȞ
=
3.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ


.
ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ Į, ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ Ș İȟȓıȦ-
Į) ȃĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȖȚĮ
= 1 țĮȚ ȖȚĮ
=
1.
ıȘ ȑȤİȚ ȝȠȞĮįȚțȒ ȜȪıȘ țĮȚ ȞĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ IJȘ
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȜȪıȘ ĮȣIJȒ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȕ) īȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ Ȝ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ ȝȠȞĮįȚțȒ
ȜȪıȘ; ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ. ȁȪıȘ
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
Į) i) īȚĮ
= 1 Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ
ȁȪıȘ (1+ 3) x = 1
9  4x =
8  x =
2.
2

Į) īȚĮ
= 1 Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ ii) īȚĮ
=
3 Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ

(
3+ 3) x = (
3)
2
(1
1) x = (1+ 1)(1+ 2)  0x = 6, ĮįȪȞĮIJȘ.
9  0x = 0 țĮȚ İȓȞĮȚ ĮȩȡȚ-
ıIJȘ (Ȓ IJĮȣIJȩIJȘIJĮ), įȘȜĮįȒ x

.
īȚĮ
=
1 Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ
(1
1) x = (
1+ 1)(
1+ 2)  0x = 0  x

. ȕ) īȚĮ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȝȠȞĮįȚțȒ ȜȪıȘ, ʌȡȑʌİȚ

+ 3  0 

3.
ȕ) Ǿ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ ȝȠȞĮįȚțȒ ȜȪıȘ ȩIJĮȞ Ƞ ıȣȞIJİ-
ȜİıIJȒȢ IJȠȣ ĮȖȞȫıIJȠȣ įİȞ İȓȞĮȚ ȝȘįȑȞ, įȘȜĮįȒ ( ) (
DZȡĮ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ

,
3 
3, +  Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ )

2
1  0 
2  1 
 ±1. ȑȤİȚ ȝȠȞĮįȚțȒ ȜȪıȘ, Ș ȠʌȠȓĮ İȓȞĮȚ:
(
+ 3) x =

9  (
+ 3) x = (

3)(
+ 3) 
2

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_4302 x=
(

3)(
+ 3)  x =

3.

+3
( )
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
+ 3 x =
2
9, ȝİ ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ



.

•‡˜ŒžŒ•˜Œ 2ÌÖ ”‘…š¡¨

2Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ (
IJȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ  =  2
4
 =
2
4  4 
1 = )
2
( )
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_481 (
= 4
2
16
+ 16 = 2

4 . )
2

( )
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ x 2
2
x + 4

1 = 0, ȝİ ʌĮȡȐ- ȕ) ǹʌȩ IJȠ İȡȫIJȘȝĮ (Į) ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ ȩIJȚ
( )
2
ȝİIJȡȠ


.
= 2
4  0, ȐȡĮ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ
Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ.
ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
ȕ) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓ- Ȗ) ǼȓȞĮȚ x1 + x2 = S = 2
țĮȚ x1x2 = P = 4

1 , ( )
ȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8) ȠʌȩIJİ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ
Ȗ) ǹȞ x1 , x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ, x1 + x2 = x1x2  2
= 4

1  ( )
IJȩIJİ ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ ȖȚĮ ʌȠȚĮ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ Ȝ ȚıȤȪİȚ:
2
= 4

4  2
= 4 
= 2.
x1 + x2 = x1x2 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)

ȁȪıȘ ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_483

Į) Ǿ İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ IJȘȢ ȝȠȡijȒȢ
x 2 + x +  = 0 ȝİ
Į) ȃĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2x
1 = 3.
( )

= 1,
=
2 țĮȚ
= 4 
1 . Ǿ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıȐ (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)

26
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ȕ) ǹȞ Į, ȕ ȝİ
<  İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ IJȠȣ Ȗ) ǹȞ x1 , x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ,
İȡȦIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ (Į), IJȩIJİ ȞĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ IJȩIJİ ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ ȖȚĮ ʌȠȚĮ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ Ȝ ȚıȤȪİȚ:

x 2 + x + 3 = 0. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
(x + x )
2
1 2
+ x1x2 + 5 = 0 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)

ȁȪıȘ
ȁȪıȘ
(
Į) 2x
1 = 3  2x
1 = 3  2x
1 =
3  )
( ) ( )
2
Į) Ǿ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ İȓȞĮȚ
= 2
4 1 4 
1 =
( x = 2  x =
1)
= 4

16
+ 16 = ( 2

4 ) .
2 2
ȕ) ǼʌİȚįȒ
< , İȓȞĮȚ
=
1 țĮȚ
= 2.
Ǿ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ
x 2 + 2x + 3 = 0 ȝİ ȕ) Ǿ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ ĮȞ țĮȚ ȝȩȞȠ ĮȞ
( ) ( )
2
2
įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ
= 2
4 
1 3 = 16 țĮȚ ȡȓȗİȢ
 0  2
4  0, ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


.


x =

2
4
6
= =3
Ȗ) ǼȓȞĮȚ x1 + x2 =
2
țĮȚ x1x2 = 4

1 . DZȡĮ ( )

2 ± 16  1
2
2
x1,2 = .
(x + x )
 2
( )
2 
1  x =
2 + 4 = 2 =
1 1 2
+ x1x2 + 5 = 0

 2

2
2
(
2
) ( ) ( )
2 2
+ 4

1 + 5 = 0  2
+ 4
+ 1 = 0 

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_493 1
( 2
+ 1)
2
= 0  2
+ 1 = 0 
=
.
Į) ȃĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ x
2 = 3. 2
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
ȕ) ȃĮ ıȤȘȝĮIJȓıİIJİ İȟȓıȦıȘ įİȣIJȑȡȠȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ȝİ ȡȓ-
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1005
ȗİȢ IJȚȢ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ IJȠȣ Į) İȡȦIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ.
1+ x 2
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15) ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ ʌĮȡĮıIJȐıİȚȢ  = țĮȚ  = 2 ,
x
1 x
x
ȩʌȠȣ Ƞ x İȓȞĮȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȩȢ ĮȡȚșȝȩȢ.
ȁȪıȘ
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ ȠȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ IJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮ ȠȚ
(
Į) x
2 = 3  x
2 = 3  x
2 =
3  ) ʌĮȡĮıIJȐıİȚȢ ,  ʌȡȑʌİȚ: x
1 
 x
0.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
(x = 2 + 3  x = 2
3 ) ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ x ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ ȚıȤȪİȚ
 = . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ȕ) īȚĮ x1 = 2 + 3 țĮȚ

x2 = 2
3, İȓȞĮȚ x1 + x2 = 4 țĮȚ ȁȪıȘ

(
Į) ȆȡȑʌİȚ x
1  0 
 x 2
x  0  )
( )( )
2
x1x2 = 2 + 3 2
3 = 22
3 = 4
3 = 1.
ȂȚĮ įİȣIJİȡȠȕȐșȝȚĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȝİ ȡȓȗİȢ x1 , x2 İȓȞĮȚ ( x
1  0 
 x ( x
1)  0) 
( )
Ș x 2
x1 + x2 x + x1x2 = 0  x 2
4x + 1 = 0. ( x
1  0 
 x  0)

( x
1 
 x
0).
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_496 1+ x 2
ȕ)  =   = 
x
1 x2
x
2
( )
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ x + 2
x + 4

1 = 0, ȝİ ʌĮȡȐ-
ȝİIJȡȠ


. (
x 1+ x )
2 =0

Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ. (
x x
1 ) x ( x
1)
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
x2  x 2 x 1, x 0
ȕ) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓ- "0 x2  x 2 " 0

x x 1 
ȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
Ǿ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ İȓȞĮȚ
= 12
4 1
2 = 9 țĮȚ ȠȚ ( )
27
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ


1
3 1 5
5 1 5+ 5

1± 9  x1 = 2 =
2 =  +  =
ȡȓȗİȢ x1,2 =  . 5+ 5 5
5 5
5 5+ 5
2  x =
1+ 3 = 1
 2 2 5
5 5+ 5 5
5 5+ 5
= + = + =
( 5) ( 5)
2 2
2 2 25
5 25
5
Ǿ ȜȪıȘ x = 1 ĮʌȠȡȡȓʌIJİIJĮȚ, ȐȡĮ x =
2. 5
5

5
5 + 5 + 5 10 1
= = = .
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1007 20 20 2
Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȚȢ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ:
2x 2 + 10x = 12. 1 1 1 1 1
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15) ii)   =  = = =
( )
2
5 + 5 5
5 52
5 25
5 20

2x 2 + 10x
12
ȕ) ȃĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ: = 0.
x
2 1 1
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10) ȕ) S =  +  = țĮȚ P =  = țĮȚ
2 20
țĮIJĮıțİȣȐȗȠȣȝİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ʌȠȣ
ȁȪıȘ
įȓȞİIJĮȚ Įʌȩ IJȘ ıȤȑıȘ
Į)
2x 2 + 10x = 12 
2x 2 + 10x
12 = 0.
1 1
Ǿ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ İȓȞĮȚ x 2
Sx + P = 0  x 2
x + = 0.
2 20
( )( )

= 102
4 
2 
12 = 100
96 = 4 țĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ


10 + 2
8

10 ± 4  x1 =
4 =
4 = 2 ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1275
x1, 2 =  . ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ 2x 2 + 5x
1.
( )
2 
2  x =
10
2 =
12 = 3
Į) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȐȞȚıİȢ țĮȚ
 2
4
4
ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ, x1 țĮȚ x2 . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6)
ȕ) ǼȓȞĮȚ
ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȦȞ ʌĮȡĮıIJȐıİȦȞ: x1 + x2 ,

2x 2 + 10x
12 x2
= 0
2x 2 + 10x
12 = 0 
x
2 1 1
x1
x2 țĮȚ+ . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)
( x = 2,  
,  x = 3, )
x = 3. x1 x2
Ȗ) ȃĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ ȝȚĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ȝİ
1 1
ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ țĮȚ . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1093 x1 x2
1 1
ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ:  = , = . ȁȪıȘ
5+ 5 5
5
Į) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: Į)
= 2,  = 5,  =
1, ȠʌȩIJİ

i)  +  =
1
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
( )
 =  2
4
 = 52
4  2 
1 = 25 + 8 = 33 > 0,
2 ȐȡĮ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȐȞȚıİȢ țĮȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚ-
1 țȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ.
ii) 
 = (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
20  5
ȕ) DzȤȠȣȝİ x1 + x2 = S =
=
,

2
ȕ) ȃĮ țĮIJĮıțİȣȐıİIJİ ȝȚĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ȝİ
ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ A țĮȚ B. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)  1
x1x2 = P = =
țĮȚ

2
ȁȪıȘ 5
1 1
Į) i)  +  = + = 1 1 x1 + x2 S
2
5+ 5 5
5 + = = = = 5.
x1 x2 x1x2 P 1


2
Ȗ) ǺȡȓıțȠȣȝİ IJȠ ȐșȡȠȚıȝĮ țĮȚ IJȠ ȖȚȞȩȝİȞȠ IJȦȞ

28
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ȡȚȗȫȞ
1
țĮȚ
1
: ȕ) īȚĮ
= 2 Ș 1 ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ ()
x1 x2
( )
x
2
1 x + 6 = 0  x 2
x + 6 = 0.
2

1 1 1 1 1 1
S = + = 5 țĮȚ P =  = = =
2
= 1,  =
1,  = 6,  =  2
4
 =
x1 x2 x1 x2 x1x2 1


( )
2
2 =
1
4 16 = 1
24 =
23 < 0, ĮįȪȞĮIJȘ.
țĮȚ ȝȓĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ȝİ IJȚȢ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ
ȡȓȗİȢ İȓȞĮȚ x 2
Sx + P = 0  x 2
5x
2 = 0.
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_3839
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1298 ( )
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
x 2


1 x
1 = 0, ȝİ ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ
DzıIJȦ Į, ȕ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȓ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ ȖȚĮ IJȠȣȢ ȠʌȠȓȠȣȢ

0.
ȚıȤȪȠȣȞ: Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ Ȝ ȖȚĮ IJȘȞ ȠʌȠȓĮ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ

+  = 2 țĮȚ
2  +
 2 =
30 ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗĮ IJȠȞ ĮȡȚșȝȩ í2. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ:
  =
15. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10) ȕ) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ
ȕ) ȃĮ țĮIJĮıțİȣȐıİIJİ İȟȓıȦıȘ įİȣIJȑȡȠȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ȝİ ȡȓȗİȢ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ

0. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ Į, ȕ țĮȚ ȞĮ IJȠȣȢ ȕȡİȓIJİ.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)
ȁȪıȘ
Į) ǹȞIJȚțĮșȚıIJȠȪȝİ ȩʌȠȣ x IJȠ
2 :
ȁȪıȘ
( ) ( )( )
2


2


1
2
1 = 0 
 "2
" 4
+ 2 (

1)
1 = 0  4
+ 2

3 = 0 
2 2
Į)  " 30  30
2
 =
30 
 =
15 1
ȕ) ǺȡȓıțȠȣȝİ IJȠ ȐșȡȠȚıȝĮ țĮȚ IJȠ ȖȚȞȩȝİȞȠ IJȦȞ Į 6
= 3

= .
2
țĮȚ ȕ: S =
+  = 2 țĮȚ P =
 =
15 țĮȚ ȝȓĮ
ȕ) īȚĮ

0 Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ.
İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ȝİ IJȚȢ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ ȡȓȗİȢ İȓȞĮȚ
ǺȡȓıțȠȣȝİ IJȘ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ IJȠȣ IJȡȚȦȞȪȝȠȣ
x 2
Sx + P = 0  x 2
2x
15 = 0, ȝİ
(

x 2


1 x
1 ȝİ )
( ) ( )
2

=
2
4 1
15 = 4 + 60 = 64 > 0 țĮȚ ȡȓȗİȢ
 2
8
6

= ,
=

1 ,
=
1, ( )
( )  x1 = 2 = 2 =
3
( ) ( ) ( )
2


2 ± 64 2 ± 8
= 

1 
4 
1 = 
1 + 4 =
2
x1,2 = =  .
2 2  x = 2 + 8 = 10 = 5
( )
2
 2 2 2 =
2
2
+ 1+ 4
=
2 + 2
+ 1 =
+ 1  0.
DZȡĮ
=
3 țĮȚ
= 5 Ȓ
= 5 țĮȚ
=
3. DZȡĮ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ

0 ȚıȤȪİȚ

0, İʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ Ș İȟȓ-
ıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ.

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_1509
( )
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ x 2


1 x + 6 = 0, 1 ȝİ ʌĮ- () ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_3847
ȡȐȝİIJȡȠ


.
Į) ǹȞ Ș ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ ȜȪıȘ IJȠ 1, ȞĮ ȕȡİȓ-
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ (
+ 2) x 2
+ 2
x +

1 = 0, ȝİ
IJİ IJȠ Ȝ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13) ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ

2. ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ Ȝ ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ
ȕ) īȚĮ
= 2 ȞĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ 1 . () ȠʌȠȓİȢ:
Į) Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ įȣȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȐȞȚıİȢ,
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
ȁȪıȘ ȕ) IJȠ ȐșȡȠȚıȝĮ IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ ȓıȠ
ȝİ 2. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
()
Į) īȚĮ x = 1 Ș 1 ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ

( )
12


1 1+ 6 = 0  1

+ 1+ 6 = 0 
= 8.

29
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ȁȪıȘ ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_3863

Ǿ İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ įİȣIJȑȡȠȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ, İʌİȚįȒ

2. DzıIJȦ Į, ȕ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȓ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ ȖȚĮ IJȠȣȢ ȠʌȠȓȠȣȢ
DzȤȠȣȝİ
=  + 2,  = 2,
= 
1, ȚıȤȪȠȣȞ:
+  =
1 țĮȚ
3  + 2
2  2 +
 3 =
12
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ:
  =
12. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
( ) ( )( )
2

= 2
4  + 2 
1 =
ȕ) ȃĮ țĮIJĮıțİȣȐıİIJİ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ȝİ ȡȓȗİȢ
2
( 2
= 4

4


+ 2

2 = ) IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ Į, ȕ țĮȚ ȞĮ IJȠȣȢ ȕȡİȓIJİ.
2 2 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)
= 4

4

4
+ 8 =
4
+ 8.
Į) ȆȡȑʌİȚ
> 0 
4 + 8 > 0  4 < 8   < 2,
ȁȪıȘ
ȐȡĮ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ, ȐȞȚıİȢ ȡȓȗİȢ
Į)
3  + 2
2  2 +
 3 =
12 
ȖȚĮ țȐșİ

, 2 . ( )
 2
( )


2 + 2
 +  2 =
12 

+  ( )
2
=
12 
ȕ) x1 + x2 = S =
=
. ȆȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȚıȤȪİȚ
+2 ( )
2


 
1 =
12 
 =
12
2

S =2


+2
= 2 
2
= 2
+ 2  ( ) ȕ) ȂȚĮ IJȑIJȠȚĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ Ș

2
= 2
+ 4  4
=
4 
=
1.
( )
x 2

+  x +
 = 0, įȘȜĮįȒ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
x 2 + x
12 = 0. Ǿ İȟȓıȦıȘ ĮȣIJȒ ȑȤİȚ
Ǿ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ Ȝ İȓȞĮȚ įİțIJȒ, ĮijȠȪ
1 
, 2 . ( )
( )

= 12
4 1
12 = 1+ 48 = 49 > 0, ȐȡĮ

1± 49
1± 7
x1,2 = = 
2 2
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_3857
DzıIJȦ Į, ȕ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȓ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ ȖȚĮ IJȠȣȢ ȠʌȠȓȠȣȢ 
1
7
8
 x1 = 2 = 2 =
4
ȚıȤȪȠȣȞ
 = 4 țĮȚ
2  +
 2 = 20.  .
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ
+  = 5. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)  x =
1+ 7 = 6 = 3
ȕ) ȃĮ țĮIJĮıțİȣȐıİIJİ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ȝİ ȡȓȗİȢ  2 2 2
IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ Į, ȕ țĮȚ ȞĮ IJȠȣȢ ȕȡİȓIJİ. (
DzIJıȚ,
=
4,  = 3 Ȓ
= 3,  =
4 .) ( )
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)

ȁȪıȘ
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_4306
Į) 2
 2
" 20   " 20
"4 Į) ȃĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2x 2
x
6 = 0. 1 ()
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)
( )
4
+  = 20

+  = 5 ȕ) ȃĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮȞȓıȦıȘ x
1 < 2. 2 ()
ȕ) Ǿ İȟȓıȦıȘ ʌȠȣ ȗȘIJȐȝİ ȑȤİȚ S =
+  = 5 țĮȚ (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)
P =
 = 4. Ȗ) ȃĮ İȟİIJȐıİIJİ ĮȞ ȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ x ʌȠȣ ȚțĮȞȠ-
ǼʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ IJȘȢ ȝȠȡijȒȢ ʌȠȚȠȪȞ IJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮ IJȚȢ ıȤȑıİȚȢ 1 țĮȚ 2 . () ()
x 2
Sx + P = 0, įȘȜĮįȒ x 2
5x + 4 = 0.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)
( )
2

=
5
4 1 4 = 25
16 = 9 > 0, ȠʌȩIJİ
ȁȪıȘ
 5
3 2
 x1 = 2 = 2 = 1 Į)
= 2,  =
1,  =
6. DZȡĮ
( )


5 ± 9 5 ± 3
x1,2 = = .
( ) ( )
 2
2 2  =  2
4
 =
1
4  2 
6 = 1+ 48 = 49 > 0,
x = 5 + 3 = 8 = 4
 2
2 2 ȠʌȩIJİ
 x1 = 2
DZȡĮ
= 1 țĮȚ
= 4 Ȓ
= 4 țĮȚ
= 1.
 ± 
(
1) ± 49 1± 7 
x1,2 = = =  3.
2
22 4  x2 =

 2

30
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ȕ) x
1 < 2 
2 < x
1 < 2  ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_4309

2 + 1 < x
1+ 1 < 2 + 1 
1 < x < 3. DZȡĮ ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ ȠȡșȠȖȫȞȚȠ ȝİ ʌİȡȓȝİIJȡȠ
= 20cm țĮȚ İȝ-
ȕĮįȩ E = 24cm2 .
(
x 
1, 3 . ) Į) ȃĮ țĮIJĮıțİȣȐıİIJİ ȝȓĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ʌȠȣ
()
Ȗ) ǼȟİIJȐȗȠȣȝİ ĮȞ ȠȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 ĮȞȒțȠȣȞ ȑȤİȚ ȦȢ ȡȓȗİȢ IJĮ ȝȒțȘ IJȦȞ ʌȜİȣȡȫȞ ĮȣIJȠȪ IJȠȣ Ƞȡ-
șȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)
ıIJȠ ıȪȞȠȜȠ IJȦȞ ȜȪıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ĮȞȓıȦıȘȢ ( 2 ) :
ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJĮ ȝȒțȘ IJȦȞ ʌȜİȣȡȫȞ IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ.
3
( )


1, 3 , İȞȫ 2 
1, 3 .
2
( ) (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)

DZȡĮ Ș ȝȩȞȘ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ x ʌȠȣ ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚİȓ IJȚȢ 1 țĮȚ () ȁȪıȘ

Į) ǹȞ x, y İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ʌȜİȣȡȑȢ IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ, IJȩIJİ:
( 2) İȓȞĮȚ Ș 2.
()
"20
" 2x  2 y 2x  2 y " 20 x  y " 10 1
E = xy
xy = 24 2 ()
ȅȚ x țĮȚ y İȓȞĮȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ ʌȠȣ ȗȘIJȐȝİ,
]ĬǼȂǹ 2_4308
İʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ S = x + y = 10 țĮȚ P = xy = 24.
Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ ȖȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ x Ș ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘ:
DZȡĮ ȝȓĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȝİ ȡȓȗİȢ IJĮ ȝȒțȘ IJȦȞ ʌȜİȣȡȫȞ
2x 2
1 1

=
+ ĮȣIJȠȪ IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ
x 2
x 1
x S"10
ȑȤİȚ ȞȩȘȝĮ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȪ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10) x2 Sx  P " 0 x 2 10x  24 " 0.
P"24
ȕ) īȚĮ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ x ʌȠȣ ȕȡȒțĮIJİ ıIJȠ Į) İȡȫIJȘȝĮ,
ȞĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ: ȕ) ȉĮ ȝȒțȘ IJȦȞ ʌȜİȣȡȫȞ IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ
2 ȜȪıİȚȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ x 2
10x + 24 = 0.
2x
1 1
+ =0 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)
= 1,  =
10,  = 24, ȐȡĮ
x 2
x 1
x
( )
2
ȁȪıȘ  =  2
4
 =
10
4 1 24 =

Į) ȆȡȑʌİȚ = 100
96 = 4 > 0, ȠʌȩIJİ

( )
x 2
x  0  x x
1  0  x  0 
 x  1 țĮȚ ( ) x1,2 =
(

 ± 

10 ± 4 10 ± 2
= = 
)
2
2 1 2
1
x  0  x  1. ȉİȜȚțȐ, x 

0, 1 . { }
12
ȕ) īȚĮ x 

0, 1 : { }  x1 = 2 = 6
 .
2x 2
1 1 2x 2
1 1 x = 8 = 4
+ =0
=0  2 2
2
x
x 1
x x x
1 x
1 ( ) DZȡĮ ȠȚ ʌȜİȣȡȑȢ IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ 6cm țĮȚ 4cm.
2

(
x x
1 ) x2x( x

11)
x ( x
1) x 1
1 = x ( x
1) 0 
2x 2
1
x = 0  2x 2
x
1 = 0. ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_4310

= 2,  =
1,  =
1, ȐȡĮ ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ įȪȠ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȓ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ Į, ȕ IJȑIJȠȚȠȚ ȫıIJİ

+  = 12 țĮȚ
2 +  2 = 272.
( ) ( )
2
 =  2
4
 =
1
4  2 
1 = 9 > 0, ȠʌȩIJİ
Į) Ȃİ IJȘ ȕȠȒșİȚĮ IJȘȢ IJĮȣIJȩIJȘIJĮȢ

 ± 
(
1) ± 9 1± 3 (
+  )
2
=
2 + 2
 +  2 , ȞĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ
x1,2 = = = 
2
22 4

  =
64. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
 x1 = 1,  

 ȕ) ȃĮ țĮIJĮıțİȣȐıİIJİ ȝȚĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ʌȠȣ

 1 .
 x2 =
,  ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ Į, ȕ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
 2 Ȗ) ȃĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ Į, ȕ.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)

31
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ȁȪıȘ 1 1 11
AB = = =
( )( )

( )
2
Į)
+  2
=
+ 2
 + 
2
3
7 3+ 7 3
7 3+ 7
2  "12
1 1 1
2 "   2
 2
 = 2
= = .
2
 2
"272 2
3
7 9
7 2
2
 = 122
272  2
 = 144
272  ȕ) Ǿ ȗȘIJȠȪȝİȞȘ İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ IJȘȢ ȝȠȡijȒȢ
2
 =
128 
 =
64 x 2
Sx + P = 0 ȝİ S = A + B = 3 țĮȚ
ȕ) ȉȠ ȐșȡȠȚıȝĮ IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ IJȘȢ ȗȘIJȠȪȝİȞȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 1
İȓȞĮȚ S =
+  = 12 țĮȚ IJȠ ȖȚȞȩȝİȞȠ IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ P = AB = . DZȡĮ x 2
3x + = 0.
2 2
IJȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ P =
 =
64.
DZȡĮ ȝȓĮ IJȑIJȠȚĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ Ș

x2 Sx  P " 0
S"12
x 2 12x 64 " 0. ]ĬǼȂǹ 2_4317
(
+ 2) x
P" 64
2
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ + 2
x +

1 = 0, ȝİ
Ȗ) ȁȪȞȠȣȝİ IJȘ įİȣIJİȡȠȕȐșȝȚĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȠȑțȣȥİ:
( ) ( ) ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ

2.
2

=
12
4 1
64 = 144 + 256 = 400 > 0, ȐȡĮ
Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ Ȝ ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
 12 + 20 ȑȤİȚ įȣȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȐȞȚıİȢ.
(


12 ± 400 )  x1 = 2 = 16
x1,2 =  . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
2  x = 12
20 =
4 ȕ) ǹȞ x1 , x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ
 2 2 ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȠ Ȝ ȫıIJİ x1  x2 =
3. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13)
DZȡĮ
= 16 țĮȚ
=
4 Ȓ
=
4 țĮȚ
= 16.
ȁȪıȘ

]ĬǼȂǹ 2_4313 (
Į) īȚĮ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ
+ 2 x 2 + 2
x +

1 = 0 )
1 1 ȚıȤȪİȚ ȩIJȚ

2 
+ 2  0, ȐȡĮ İȓȞĮȚ įİȣIJİȡȠ-
ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ: A = , B=
3
7 3+ 7 ȕȐșȝȚĮ. ǺȡȓıțȠȣȝİ IJȘ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıȐ IJȘȢ:
1
=  + 2,  = 2 țĮȚ
= 
1, ȠʌȩIJİ
Į) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ A + B = 3 țĮȚ A
B = .
( ) ( )( )
2
2
= 2
4  + 2 
1 =
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
( )
= 4
2
4
2

+ 2

2 =
ȕ) ȃĮ țĮIJĮıțİȣȐıİIJİ ȝȚĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ʌȠȣ = 4

4 (
+

2 ) =
2 2

ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ ǹ, Ǻ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 13) 2 2

= 4

4

4
+ 8 =
4
+ 8.
ȁȪıȘ īȚĮ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ
ȐȞȚıİȢ, ʌȡȑʌİȚ
1 1
Į) A + B = + =
> 0 
4 + 8 > 0  4 < 8   < 2. DZȡĮ ȖȚĮ
3
7 3+ 7
( )
țȐșİ

, 2 Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ

=
(
1 3+ 7 ) +
(
1 3
7 ) =
ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȐȞȚıİȢ.
( )( ) ( )( )
3
7 3+ 7 3
7 3+ 7
(
ȕ) īȚĮ

, 2 ȑȤȠȣȝİ P = x1x2 =)

1
, ȠʌȩIJİ

+2

=
(3+ 7 ) + (3
7 ) = 3+ 7 + 3
7 =

1
=
3 

1 =
3
+ 2  ( )
(3
7 )(3+ 7 ) 3
7 2
2
+2
5
6 6

1 =
3

6  4
=
5 
=
.
= = = 3 țĮȚ 4
9
7 2

32
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

4Į ĬǼȂǹȉǹ  5 

=
3 
=
1 , 
.
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_1890 DZȡĮ įİȞ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ


ȫıIJİ ȞĮ ȚıȤȪİȚ Ș įȠıȝȑȞȘ
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
ıȤȑıȘ.
(
+ 2) x + ( 2
+ 3) x +

2 = 0 (1) ,
2

ȝİ ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ

2.
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_1955
Į) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 () ȉȑııİȡȚȢ ĮșȜȘIJȑȢ, Ƞ ǹȡȖȪȡȘȢ, Ƞ ǺĮıȓȜȘȢ, Ƞ īȚȫȡȖȠȢ
İȓȞĮȚ:
= 12 + 25 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6) țĮȚ Ƞ ǻȘȝȒIJȡȘȢ IJİȡȝȐIJȚıĮȞ ıİ ȑȞĮȞ ĮȖȫȞĮ įȡȩȝȠȣ
ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ

2, ȫıIJİ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȝİ ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤȠȣȢ ȤȡȩȞȠȣȢ (ıİ ȜİʌIJȐ) t  , t  , t  țĮȚ t
,
(1) ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȐȞȚıİȢ. ȖȚĮ IJȠȣȢ ȠʌȠȓȠȣȢ ȚıȤȪȠȣȞ ȠȚ ıȤȑıİȚȢ:
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7) t  + 2t 
t  < t B, t = țĮȚ t 
t  = t 
t  .
3
Ȗ) ȃĮ İțijȡȐıİIJİ ȦȢ ıȣȞȐȡIJȘıȘ IJȠȣ Ȝ IJȠ ȐșȡȠȚıȝĮ
IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ S = x1 + x2 țĮȚ IJȠ ȖȚȞȩȝİȞȠ IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ t  + t
Į) i) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: t  = . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
P = x1x2 . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 4) 2
į) ȃĮ İȟİIJȐıİIJİ ĮȞ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ Ȝ ȫıIJİ ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ii) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘ ıİȚȡȐ ȝİ IJȘȞ ȠʌȠȓĮ IJİȡȝȐIJȚıĮȞ ȠȚ

()
ȡȓȗİȢ x1 , x2 IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 ȞĮ ȚıȤȪİȚ Ș ıȤȑıȘ:
ĮșȜȘIJȑȢ. ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
(x + x ) ( )
2 2
1 2

1 + x1x2 + 3 = 0 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8) ȕ) ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ İʌȚʌȜȑȠȞ ȩIJȚ ȚıȤȪİȚ:
t  + t  = 6 țĮȚ t 
t  = 8
ȁȪıȘ i) ȃĮ ȖȡȐȥİIJİ ȝȓĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ʌȠȣ ȑȤİȚ
Ǿ İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ IJȘȢ ȝȠȡijȒȢ
x 2 + x +  = 0 ȝİ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ t  țĮȚ t  . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)

=  + 2,
= 2 + 3 țĮȚ
= 
2. ii) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȠȣȢ ȤȡȩȞȠȣȢ IJİȡȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ IJȦȞ IJİı-
Į) Ǿ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 İȓȞĮȚ: () ıȐȡȦȞ ĮșȜȘIJȫȞ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)

( ) ( )( )
2 2
 = 
4
 = 2 + 3
4  + 2 
2 = ȁȪıȘ

( )
2
( )
= 2
+ 2 3 2
+ 32
4
2
4 = ( ) (
Į) i) DzȤȠȣȝİ t 
t  = t 
t   t 
t  = t 
t  Ȓ

)
2 2
= 4
+ 12
+ 9
4
+ 16 = 12
+ 25. t 
t = t
t 
()
ȕ) īȚĮ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ Ș 1 įȪȠ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȐȞȚıİȢ
t  + t

ȡȓȗİȢ, ʌȡȑʌİȚ

2 țĮȚ
(t 
= t  , ĮįȪȞĮIJȘ, Ȓ t  =
2 
.

25 t  + t

> 0  12 + 25 > 0  12 >
25   >
. ȉİȜȚțȐ, t  = .
12 2
 25  ii) ǿıȤȪİȚ t  < t  < t . ǹȞĮȗȘIJȠȪȝİ IJȘ șȑıȘ IJȠȣ t
:
TİȜȚțȐ,

,
2 
2, +  .
 12

( ) t  + 2t 
 2 + 3  
2
• DzıIJȦ t > t 

3
> t

Ȗ) ǼȓȞĮȚ S =
=
țĮȚ P = = .

+2
+2 t  + 2t  > 3t 
t  > t  ,
( ) ( ) ȐIJȠʌȠ, ȐȡĮ t 
t  . ǵȝȦȢ, ĮȞ
2 2
į) x1 + x2
1 + x1x2 + 3 = 0 
t  = t 
t A = t B , ȐIJȠʌȠ, ȐȡĮ t  < t  .
(x + x
1 2

1 = 0 
 x1x2 + 3 = 0  )
t  + 2t  t  + t 
 2
+ 3

2  • DzıIJȦ t > t 

3
>
2




1 = 0 
 + 3 = 0 

+ 2
+2 
2t  + 4t  > 3t  + 3t 


3

5 4
+ 4  4t 
3t  > 3t 
2t   t  > t  , ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ

+ 2 = 0 

+ 2 = 0 
Įʌȩ ȣʌȩșİıȘ, ȐȡĮ t
> t  .
ȉİȜȚțȐ, t  < t  < t  < t  , įȘȜĮįȒ ʌȡȫIJȠȢ

33
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

IJİȡȝȐIJȚıİ Ƞ ǹȡȖȪȡȘȢ, įİȪIJİȡȠȢ Ƞ ǻȘȝȒIJȡȘȢ,

IJȡȓIJȠȢ Ƞ īȚȫȡȖȠȢ țĮȚ IJİȜİȣIJĮȓȠȢ Ƞ ǺĮıȓȜȘȢ.
( )

x 2

+ 1 x + 1 = 0.

ȕ) i) ȂȓĮ IJȑIJȠȚĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ Ș x 2
6x + 8 = 0. Ȗ) ǹʌȩ IJȘȞ ȚıȠįȪȞĮȝȘ ȝȠȡijȒ

ii) ȁȪȞȠȣȝİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ x 2
6x + 8 = 0 : ( ) ()

x 2

+ 1 x + 1 = 0 IJȘȢ 1 ȑȤȠȣȝİ
( )
2

=
6
4 18 = 36
32 = 4 > 0, ȐȡĮ

= 
(  + 1) 
4 = (  + 1)
2 2

4 =
6+2 8

( )
2 2 2
 x1 = 2 = 2 = 4 =
+ 2
+ 1
4
=

2
+ 1 =

1 > 0, ĮijȠȪ
6± 4 6±2
x1,2 = =  .
2 2 x = 6
2 = 4 = 2

1, ȐȡĮ Ș (1) ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ
 2 2 2 ȐȞȚıİȢ.
ȅȚ ȤȡȩȞȠȚ IJİȡȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ IJȠȣ ǹȡȖȪȡȘ t  țĮȚ ( ) ()
į) īȚĮ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ Ș 1 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ, șĮ ȚıȤȪȠȣȞ ȖȚĮ IJȠȞ Ȝ
( )
IJȠȣ ǺĮıȓȜȘ t  İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ ȠȚ ʌİȡȚȠȡȚıȝȠȓ IJȠȣ İȡȦIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ (Į), ȐȡĮ Ș ȚıȠįȪȞĮȝȘ
țĮȚ, ĮijȠȪ t  > t  , ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ ȩIJȚ t  = 4 ȜİʌIJȐ ()
ȝȠȡijȒ IJȘȢ 1 șĮ İȓȞĮȚ
x 2

+ 1 x + 1 = 0 ȝİ ( )
( )
2
țĮȚ t  = 2 ȜİʌIJȐ. ǼʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ
= 
1 , ȐȡĮ
2 + 2
4 2 + 8 10
(

1) ( )

2
t
= = = ȜİʌIJȐ țĮȚ
+ 1±
+ 1±

1
3 3 3 x1,2 = =
2
2

2+4 6
t
= = = 3 ȜİʌIJȐ. 
+ 1

+ 1 2 1
2 2  x1 = = =
2
2

.

 x =
+ 1+

1 = 2
= 1
 2 2
2

]ĬǼȂǹ 4_2055
( ) (
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ:
2

x 2

2
1 x +

1 = 0, 1 ) ()
ȝİ ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ


. ]ĬǼȂǹ 4_2081
Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİșȠȪȞ ȠȚ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ


, ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ Ș (
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
x 2 + 2

1 x +

2 = 0, 1 ȝİ ) ()
(1) İȓȞĮȚ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6) ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ


.
Į) ȃĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȩIJĮȞ
= 0. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
ȕ) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ


ʌȠȣ
ȕ) DzıIJȦ

0.
ȕȡȒțĮIJİ ıIJȠ (Į) İȡȫIJȘȝĮ Ș 1 ʌĮȓȡȞİȚ IJȘ ȝȠȡijȒ: () i) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ 1 ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ ()
( )

x 2

+ 1 x + 1 = 0 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6)
ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȐȞȚıİȢ, IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ ıIJȘ ıȣȞȑ-
Ȗ) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ


ʌȠȣ ȤİȚĮ ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
ȕȡȒțĮIJİ ıIJȠ (Į) İȡȫIJȘȝĮ Ș 1 ȑȤİȚ įȣȠ ȡȓȗİȢ () ii) ǹȞ x1 =
1 țĮȚ x2 =
1+
2
İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ
ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȐȞȚıİȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)

į) ȃĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ IJȚȢ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ 1 , ĮȞ ĮȣIJȒ () ()

IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 , ȞĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ
İȓȞĮȚ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6) IJȠȣ Ȝ, ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ ȚıȤȪİȚ x1
x2 > 1.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
ȁȪıȘ
()
Į) īȚĮ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ Ș 1 İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ, ʌȡȑʌİȚ
ȁȪıȘ
Į) īȚĮ
= 0 Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ ʌȡȦIJȠȕȐșȝȚĮ țĮȚ ȖȓȞİ-



 0 
(

1)  0  (
 0
2
țĮȚ

1 . ) IJĮȚ
2x
2 = 0 
2x = 2  x =
1.
( ) (
ȕ) DzȤȠȣȝİ
2

x 2

2
1 x +

1 = 0  ) ȕ) i) īȚĮ

0 Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ įİȣIJİȡȠȕȐșȝȚĮ ȝİ
( ) ( )
2
įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ
=  2 
1 
4 
2 =
( ) ( )( ) ( )


1
2



1 x


1
+ 1 x +

1 = 0

34
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

( )
2
= 4

1
4
2 + 8
= Ȗ) i) ǹȞ x1 = 2 + 3, IJȩIJİ
( 2
= 4

2
+ 1
4
+ 8
= ) 2
S = x1 + x2
4 = 2 + 3 + x2

2 2
= 4

8
+ 4
4
+ 8
= 4 > 0, x2 = 4
2
3  x2 = 2
3.
ȐȡĮ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ
(

2

1 ± 4 ) (
ii) P = x1x2  2

2 = 2 + 3 2
3  )( )
ȐȞȚıİȢ, IJȚȢ x1,2 = 
2
2 2
2

= 4
3 
= 1 
= ±1

2
+ 2
2
2

 x1 = 2

=
2

=
1
 .
 x =
2
+ 2 + 2 =
2
+ 4 =
1+ 2 ]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4551
 2
ii) DzȤȠȣȝİ
2
2


( )
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ:
x 2

2 + 1 x +
,


0 . {}
Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ ǻ IJȠȣ IJȡȚȦȞȪȝȠȣ țĮȚ ȞĮ
 2 2
x1
x2 > 1 
1

1+  > 1 
> 1  ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ



2
ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


0 . {} (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
> 1  2 >

2 <
< 2.

ȕ) ǹȞ x1 , x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣ IJȡȚȦȞȪȝȠȣ, ȞĮ İț-
ijȡȐıİIJİ IJȠ ȐșȡȠȚıȝĮ S = x1 + x2 ıȣȞĮȡIJȒıİȚ
ǵȝȦȢ

0, ȐȡĮ

2, 0
0, 2 . ( ) ( ) IJȠȣ

0 țĮȚ ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ ȖȚȞȠȝȑȞȠȣ
P = x1
x2 IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_2332 Ȗ) ǹȞ
< 0, IJȩIJİ:
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ x 2
4x + 2

2 = 0 1 ȝİ ʌĮȡȐ- () i) IJȠ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ șİIJȚțȑȢ Ȓ Įȡ-
ȝİIJȡȠ


. ȞȘIJȚțȑȢ; ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ.
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ, ȖȚĮ ȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6)

()



, Ș 1 ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ȐȞȚıİȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10) ii) ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ x1 + x2
2x1x2 , ȩʌȠȣ x1,

ȕ) ǹȞ x1 țĮȚ x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 : () x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ IJȡȚȦȞȪȝȠȣ.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6)
i) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȠ S = x1 + x2 .
ȁȪıȘ
ii) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȠ P = x1
x2 ȦȢ ıȣȞȐȡIJȘıȘ IJȠȣ
( ) ( )
2 2
ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȪ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪ Ȝ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5) Į)
= 
2 + 1 
4   = 2 + 1
42 =
Ȗ) ǹȞ Ș ȝȓĮ ȡȓȗĮ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 İȓȞĮȚ Ƞ ĮȡȚșȝȩȢ ()
( )
2
=
4 + 2
2 + 1
4
2 =
4
2
2 + 1 =
2
1  0,
2 + 3 IJȩIJİ:
ȐȡĮ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ
i) ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș ȐȜȜȘ ȡȓȗĮ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 () {}



0 .
İȓȞĮȚ Ƞ ĮȡȚșȝȩȢ 2
3,
ii) ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȠ Ȝ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10) ȕ) S = x1 + x2 =


=

(

2 + 1 2 + 1
=
)
țĮȚ

 
ȁȪıȘ
 
( )
2
(
Į)
=
4
4 2
2 = 16
8 + 42 = ) P = x1x2 = = = 1.


()
= 4
2 + 8 > 0, ȐȡĮ Ș 1 ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ȐȞȚıİȢ Ȗ) i) ǿıȤȪİȚ P = 1 > 0, ȐȡĮ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ
ȠȝȩıȘȝİȢ.
ȖȚĮ țȐșİ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ


. (+)



 4
2 + 1
ȕ) i) S = x1 + x2 = = =4 īȚĮ
< 0 ȑȤȠȣȝİ S = < 0, ȐȡĮ IJȠ

1



 2
2 (
)
ii) P = x1x2 = = = 2
2 IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ĮȡȞȘIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ.

1

35
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

2
2
1
!0 2
()
ȐȡĮ Ș 2 ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ, ȑıIJȦ
1 1 !0
ii) x1  x2 2x1x2 2 2
1 ,
2 , ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ ȚıȤȪİȚ:
• P = 12 =
> 0, ȐȡĮ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ
1,
2 İȓȞĮȚ Ƞȝȩ-
( )
2


2
1  2

2 + 2
+ 1  0 
+ 1  0, ıȘȝİȢ.
ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ. • S = 1 + 2 =

> 0(ĮijȠȪ
< 0), ȐȡĮ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ
İȓȞĮȚ țĮȚ ȠȚ įȪȠ șİIJȚțȑȢ.
ǼʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ ȖȚĮ
=
1 > 0 ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4654
x 2 =
1
x = ±
1 , İȞȫ ȖȚĮ
=
2 > 0
Į) ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș įȚIJİIJȡȐȖȦȞȘ İȟȓıȦıȘ:
x 4
7x 2 + 12 = 0 ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ x 2 =
2
x = ±
2 . ȉİȜȚțȐ, Ș 1 ()
ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ĮȣIJȒ ȑȤİȚ IJȑııİȡȚȢ įȚĮ-
ȑȤİȚ IJȑııİȡȚȢ įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ.
ijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ, IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ țĮȚ ȞĮ
ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
ȕ) īİȞȚțİȪȠȞIJĮȢ IJȠ ʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮ IJȠȣ ʌȡȠȘȖȠȪȝİȞȠȣ ]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4659
İȡȦIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ, șİȦȡȠȪȝİ IJȘ įȚIJİIJȡȐȖȦȞȘ İȟȓıȦıȘ: ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ:
x 2
5x +
= 0, ȝİ ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ
x 4 +
x 2 +  = 0 1 ()

0.
ȝİ ʌĮȡĮȝȑIJȡȠȣȢ
, 

. 5
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ ĮȞ

, IJȩIJİ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: ǹȞ
< 0,
> 0 țĮȚ
2
4 > 0, 2

()
IJȩIJİ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ 1 ȑȤİȚ IJȑııİȡȚȢ įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ
ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ, ʌȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ ĮȞIJȓ-
ıIJȡȠijȠȚ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȠȣȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)
ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȚȢ ȜȪıİȚȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ, ȩIJĮȞ
= 2.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
ȁȪıȘ
Ȗ) ȃĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ:
( ) ()
2
Į) x 4
7x 2 + 12 = 0  x 2
7x 2 + 12 = 0 *  1 
2
1
2  x + 
5 x +  + 2 = 0 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
2
ĬȑIJȠȣȝİ x =
țĮȚ Ș * ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ ()  x  x

2
7
+ 12 = 0. ȁȪıȘ
( )
2 2

=
7
4 112 = 49
48 = 1 > 0, ȐȡĮ 5 #0 2 5 2 25
Į) DzȤȠȣȝİ
2 2 4
 7
1 6

= = =3
7 ± 1 7 ± 1  1 2 2 4
2  25  25
4
2  0 1 . ()

1,2 = =  .
2 2 
= 7 + 1 8
= = 4
( ) ()
2
 2 2 2  =
5
4

= 25
4
2  0, Įʌȩ IJȘ ıȤȑıȘ 1 .
• īȚĮ 2

= 3 ȑȤȠȣȝİ x = 3
x = ± 3. DZȡĮ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȠȪȢ
• īȚĮ
= 4 ȑȤȠȣȝİ x 2 = 4
x = ±2. ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ țĮȚ, İʌİȚįȒ IJȠ ȖȚȞȩȝİȞȩ IJȠȣȢ İȓȞĮȚ
ȉİȜȚțȐ, Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ x 4
7x 2 + 12 = 0 ȑȤİȚ 

P = x1x2 = = = 1, ȠȚ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ ĮȣIJȠȓ İȓȞĮȚ
IJȑııİȡȚȢ įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ, IJȚȢ


x1 =
2, x2 =
3, x3 = 3, x4 = 2. ĮȞIJȓıIJȡȠijȠȚ.
ȕ) īȚĮ
= 2 Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ 2x 2
5x + 2 = 0.
( ) ()
2
ȕ) x 4 +
x 2 +  = 0
x 2 +
x 2 +  = 0 1
( )
2
DzȤȠȣȝİ
=
5
4  2  2 = 25
16 = 9 > 0,
2
ĬȑIJȠȣȝİ x =
țĮȚ Ș 1 ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ () ȠʌȩIJİ
2
 +
 +  = 0 2 . ()  5+ 3 8
 x1 = 4 = 4 = 2
5± 9 5±3
()
īȚĮ IJȘ 2 ȑȤȠȣȝİ
=  2
4 > 0 Įʌȩ ȣʌȩșİıȘ, x1,2 =
22
=
4

x = 5
3 = 2 = 1
.

 2 4 4 2

36
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

1 DzȤȠȣȝİ
Ȗ) īȚĮ x + = y Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
x ( x
2)( x
2) =
4  x x
2x
2x + 4 =
4 
1 2 1 2 1 2
2
1 1
x x
2 ( x + x ) + 8 = 0 
(
+ 5)
2
+ 8 = 0 
 
2  x + 
5  x +  + 2 = 0 ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ 1 2 1 2
2
 x  x
2 y 2
5y + 2 = 0. ǹʌȩ IJȠ İȡȫIJȘȝĮ (ȕ) ȑȤİȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ


5
2
+ 8 = 0 

2
2
+ 3 = 0.
2

( ) ( )
2

=
2
4 
1 3 = 4 + 12 = 16 > 0, ȠʌȩIJİ
1
IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ 2 țĮȚ . īȚĮ y = 2 ȑȤȠȣȝİ
2
(
2 ) ± 16 2 ± 4

1,2 = = 
1 x0 1
2
2
x+ = 2 x 2 + x = 2x  x 2
2x + 1 = 0 
x x  2+4 6

1 =
2 =
2 =
3
1
( x
1) .
2
= 0  x = 1, įİțIJȒ. īȚĮ y = ȑȤȠȣȝİ 
2 
= 2
4 =
2 = 1
 2
2
2
1 1 x
0 2 1 1
x+ =  2x + 2x = 2x 
x 2 x 2
2x 2 + 2 = x  2x 2
x + 2 = 0. ]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4667

( )
2

=
1
4  2  2 = 1
16 =
15 < 0, ĮįȪȞĮIJȘ.
Į) ȃĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ: x 2
3x
4 = 0 1 ()
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
ȉİȜȚțȐ, x = 1.
ȕ) ǻȓȞȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ ȠȝȩıȘȝȠȚ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ Į, ȕ ȖȚĮ IJȠȣȢ ȠʌȠȓȠȣȢ
ȚıȤȪİȚ:
2
3

4 2 = 0.


]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4665 i) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ƞ ĮȡȚșȝȩȢ İȓȞĮȚ ȜȪıȘ IJȘȢ

ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ: x 2

x

2 + 5 = 0 1 , ȝİ ( ) () İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 . () (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)
ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ


.
ii) ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ ȖȚĮIJȓ Ƞ Į İȓȞĮȚ IJİIJȡĮʌȜȐıȚȠȢ
Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ ǻ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 . () IJȠȣ ȕ.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5) (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)

ȕ) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ 1 ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ () ȁȪıȘ

ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȐȞȚıİȢ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


.
( ) ( )
2

(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
Į)
=
3
4 1
4 = 9 + 16 = 25 > 0, ȠʌȩIJİ

Ȗ) ǹȞ x1 , x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 , ȞĮ ()  3+ 5 8

 x1 = 2 = 2 = 4
3 ± 25 3 ± 5
ȕȡİșȠȪȞ ȠȚ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ


ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ ȚıȤȪİȚ: x1,2 = =  .
2 2  x = 3
5 =
2 =
1
( x
2)( x
1 2 )

2 =
4 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)  2 2 2


ȁȪıȘ ȕ) ǹijȠȪ Į, ȕ ȠȝȩıȘȝȠȚ, IJȩIJİ
 > 0 țĮȚ > 0.

( )
2
Į)
=

4 1 
2 + 5  = ( )
=
2 + 4
2 + 20 = 5
2 + 20
i) īȚĮ x =



()
Ș 1 ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ:

ȕ) 5
2 + 20 > 0 ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


, ȐȡĮ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ 2 2


 

2 3
  0
įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȐȞȚıİȢ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


.  

3 

4 = 0   2

4 = 0 

Ȗ) ǹȡȤȚțȐ ȕȡȓıțȠȣȝİ S = x1 + x2 =
=  țĮȚ
2
3

4 2 = 0, ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ.

P = x1x2 =

(
=
2 + 5 . ) ii) ǹijȠȪ Ƞ



İȓȞĮȚ ȜȪıȘ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 țĮȚ ()

37
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4835
> 0, = 4

= 4, įȘȜĮįȒ Ƞ Į İȓȞĮȚ
  ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ x 2

x +  = 0 ȝİ ȕ, Ȗ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚ-
IJİIJȡĮʌȜȐıȚȠȢ IJȠȣ ȕ. țȠȪȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ.
ǹȞ Ș ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ȐȞȚıİȢ ȖȚĮ
IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ ȚıȤȪİȚ x1 + x2 = 4, IJȩIJİ:
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4681 Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȚȢ įȣȞĮIJȑȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ ȕ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6)
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ: x 2
x +


2 = 0, ȝİ ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ ( ) ȕ) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ
< 4. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)

1 () Ȗ) ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ İʌȚʌȜȑȠȞ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ x 2

x + 3 = 0 1 ()

Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ ǻ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ țĮȚ ȞĮ ȃĮ İȟİIJȐıİIJİ ȖȚĮ ʌȠȚĮ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ ȕ ʌȠȣ
ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȕȡȒțĮIJİ ıIJȠ (Į) İȡȫIJȘȝĮ, Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ 1 įİȞ ()
ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10) ȑȤİȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ȕ) īȚĮ ʌȠȚĮ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ Ȝ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ 1 ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ()
ȁȪıȘ
ȡȓȗİȢ ȓıİȢ; (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6)
Į) ǿıȤȪİȚ x1 + x2 = S =
. DZȡĮ
1
țĮȚ x1 , x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ
Ȗ) ǹȞ


2 (
x1 + x2 = 4 
= 4 
= 4 
=
4 . )
()
İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 1 , IJȩIJİ ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ ȖȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ ȕ) ǹijȠȪ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ȐȞȚıİȢ, ȚıȤȪİȚ
2 "t4
1  2
Ȝ ȚıȤȪİȚ d x1 , x2 = ( ) (
d x1 , x2
.
)
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9) #0 41 #0 4 #0

16
16
4
> 0  4
< 16 
< 
< 4.
ȁȪıȘ 4
2
x "x 2
( )
2
(
Į)
=
1
4 1 
2 = 1
4 
2 = ) ( ) Ȗ) DzȤȠȣȝİ x 2 x 3" 0 x
2
x  3 " 0.

( )
2
= 1
4
+ 4
2 = 1
2
 0, ȐȡĮ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ īȚĮ x =
, Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ
ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


. ()
2

 + 3 = 0 2 .
ȕ) īȚĮ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ȓıİȢ, ʌȡȑʌİȚ
1 • īȚĮ
= 4, Ș ( 2) ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ

4
+ 3 = 0 2

( )
2

= 0  1
2 = 0  1
2 = 0   = .
ȝİ
= (
4 )
4 13 = 16
12 = 4 > 0 țĮȚ
2
2
1
Ȗ) ǹijȠȪ

, ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ȡȓȗİȢ x1 , x2 IJȘȢ 1 ȚıȤȪİȚ
2
()  4+2 6

1 = 2 = 2 = 3
4± 4 4±2

1,2 = =  .
x1
x2 . DzȤȠȣȝİ 2 2 
= 4
2 = 2 = 1
1 1  2 2 2
(
d x1 , x2 = ) (
 x1
x2 =
)

d x1 , x2 x1
x2
(
īȚĮ
= 3
x = 3
x = 3 Ȓ x =
3 , İȞȫ ȖȚĮ )
( ) ( )
2 2
x1
x2 = 1  x1
x2 =1
= 1
x = 1
x = 1 Ȓ x =
1 .

Ș ( 2 ) ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ
+ 4
+ 3 = 0
2 2 2 2
x
2x1x2 + x = 1  x + x + 2x1x2
4x1x2 = 1 
1 2 1 2 • īȚĮ
=
4, 2

2 S"1
x  x 
1 2
4x1x2 " 1 S 2 4P " 1
P" 2
ȝİ
= 42
4 13 = 16
12 = 4 > 0 țĮȚ

4 ± 4
4 ± 2
( )
12
4


2 = 1  4


2 = 0  ( )
1,2 =
2
=
2


(



2 = 0 
1

= 0

= 0 
= 1 . ) ( ) 
4 + 2
2

1 = 2 = 2 =
1
ȀĮȚ ȠȚ įȪȠ ȜȪıİȚȢ İȓȞĮȚ įİțIJȑȢ. .


=
4
2 =
6 =
3
 2 2 2

38
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

2 +  2
īȚĮ
=
3  x =
3, ĮįȪȞĮIJȘ, țĮȚ ȖȚĮ Ȗ) DzȤȠȣȝİ S = x1 + x2 = țĮȚ P = x1x2 = 1.



=
1  x =
1, ĮįȪȞĮIJȘ. (1+ x )(1+ x )
4  1+ x + x
1 2 1 2
+ x1x2
4 
()
DZȡĮ Ș 1 įİȞ ȑȤİȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ ȖȚĮ
=
4.
S + P  4
1
2

+ 2
+1 3 



2 +  2
>0

]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4857
2 
2 +  2
2
 


ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
x 2

2 +  2 x +
 = 0 ȩʌȠȣ ( )
2 +  2
2
  0 

 ( )
2
 0, ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ.
Į, ȕ įȪȠ șİIJȚțȠȓ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ.
Į) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ ǻ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ
( )
2
İȓȞĮȚ:  =
2
 2 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4903
ȕ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘ ıȤȑıȘ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȦȞ ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ Į, ȕ,
(
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ:
x 2 + 2

1 x +

1 = 0, ȝİ )
ȫıIJİ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ įȣȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ȐȞȚıİȢ, IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓ-
İȢ ȞĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ, ȦȢ ıȣȞȐȡIJȘıȘ IJȦȞ Į, ȕ. ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ


0 . {}
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10) Į) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ ǻ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ İȓ-

 ȞĮȚ ĮȞİȟȐȡIJȘIJȘ IJȠȣ Ȝ, įȘȜĮįȒ ıIJĮșİȡȒ.
Ȗ) ǹȞ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ x1 = țĮȚ x2 = ,

(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
ȕ) ȃĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ IJȚȢ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ ıȣȞĮȡ-
IJȩIJİ ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: 1+ x1 1+ x2
4. ( )( ) IJȒıİȚ IJȠȣ Ȝ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)
Ȗ) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ ȖȚĮ ʌȠȚİȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ Ȝ Ș ĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ IJȦȞ
ȡȚȗȫȞ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ ıIJȠȞ ȐȟȠȞĮ IJȦȞ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȫȞ
ȁȪıȘ
ĮȡȚșȝȫȞ İȓȞĮȚ ȓıȘ ȝİ 2 ȝȠȞȐįİȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)

( )
2
Į)  = 

2 +  2 
4
 
 =
ȁȪıȘ
( )
2

( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
=
+
4
 = 2
Į)
= 2
1
4 
1 =
4 2 2 4 2 2 2 2
=
+ 2
 + 
4
 = = 4

4
+ 1
4
+ 4
= 1, ĮȞİȟȐȡIJȘIJȘ IJȠȣ Ȝ.
4 2
=

2
 +  =

 2 4
( 2 2
)
2

ȕ) x1,2 =
(

2

1 ± 1 ) =

2
+ 1± 1

ȕ) īȚĮ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ȐȞȚıİȢ, ʌȡȑʌİȚ 2
2

( )
2
 > 0 
2
 2 > 0 
2
 2  0  
2
+ 1+ 1
2
+ 2 1
 x1 = 2

=
2

=
1+

.
(

 )(
+  )  0  (
  țĮȚ

 ). 
 x =
2
+ 1
1 =
2
=
1
ǼʌİȚįȒ Į, ȕ įȪȠ șİIJȚțȠȓ ĮȡȚșȝȠȓ, Įȡțİȓ

.  2 2
2

1
(
) Ȗ) d ( x1 , x2 ) = 2  x1
x2 = 2 
2

2 +  2 ± 2

2
1+ 1 = 2 
x1,2 = =

2

1 1 1 1
=2
=2

=

=±
=

2 +  2 ±
2
 2 ( )

2 2
2


+  2 +
2
 2 2
2

2

 x1 = = =
 2
 2
 


2 +  2

2
 2 (

2 +  2

2 +  2  )
 x2 = 2

=
2

=




39
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4957 ]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4962

ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ: ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ:
2
( 2
)

x

+ 1 x +
,


0 {} ( )

x 2

2 + 1 x +
,


0 {}
Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ ǻ IJȠȣ IJȡȚȦȞȪȝȠȣ țĮȚ ȞĮ Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ ǻ IJȠȣ IJȡȚȦȞȪȝȠȣ țĮȚ ȞĮ
ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ
ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


0 . {} (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8) ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


0 . {} (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
ȕ) ǹȞ x1 , x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣ IJȡȚȦȞȪȝȠȣ, ȞĮ İț- ȕ) ǹȞ x1 , x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣ IJȡȚȦȞȪȝȠȣ, ȞĮ İț-
ijȡȐıİIJİ IJȠ ȐșȡȠȚıȝĮ S = x1 + x2 ıȣȞĮȡIJȒıİȚ ijȡȐıİIJİ IJȠ ȐșȡȠȚıȝĮ S = x1 + x2 ıȣȞĮȡIJȒıİȚ
IJȠȣ

0 țĮȚ ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ ȖȚȞȠȝȑȞȠȣ IJȠȣ

0 țĮȚ ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ ȖȚȞȠȝȑȞȠȣ
P = x1
x2 IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5) P = x1
x2 IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
Ȗ) ǹȞ
> 0, IJȠ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ șİIJȚ- Ȗ) ǹȞ
> 0 IJȠ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ șİIJȚțȑȢ
țȑȢ Ȓ ĮȡȞȘIJȚțȑȢ; ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ Ȓ ĮȡȞȘIJȚțȑȢ; ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ.
ıĮȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6) (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6)
į) īȚĮ țȐșİ
> 0, ĮȞ x1 , x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣ ʌĮȡĮ- į) ǹȞ 0 <

1 țĮȚ x1 , x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣ ʌĮȡĮʌȐ-
ʌȐȞȦ IJȡȚȦȞȪȝȠȣ, ȞĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ ȞȦ IJȡȚȦȞȪȝȠȣ, IJȩIJİ ȞĮ ıȣȖțȡȓȞİIJİ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ
x1 + x2 x1 + x2
x1x2
. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6) țĮȚ 1. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6)
2 2
ȁȪıȘ
ȁȪıȘ
( )
Į)
= ,  =
2 + 1 ,  = , İʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ
( ) ( )
2 2
Į)
= 
2 + 1 
4   = 2 + 1
42 =
( )
2
 =  2
4
 = 
2 + 1 
42 =
( )
2
=
4 + 2
2 + 1
4
2 =
4
2
2 + 1 =
2
1  0,
( )
2
=
2 + 1
4
2 =
4 + 2
2 + 1
4
2 = ȐȡĮ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ
4 2
( 2
)
2
=

2
+ 1 =

1  0, ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


0 . {} {}



0 .

DZȡĮ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ
2 + 1

ȕ) S = x1 + x2 = țĮȚ P = x1x2 = = 1.



0 . {}


Ȗ) ǹijȠȪ P = 1 > 0, ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ İȓȞĮȚ ȠȝȩıȘȝİȢ, Ȓ țĮȚ ȠȚ

ȕ) DzȤȠȣȝİ S = x1 + x2 =


=

( )

2 + 1 2 + 1
= =
įȪȠ șİIJȚțȑȢ Ȓ țĮȚ ȠȚ įȪȠ ĮȡȞȘIJȚțȑȢ. ǵȝȦȢ

 
2 + 1
2 S= țĮȚ, ĮijȠȪ
> 0, S > 0, ȐȡĮ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ

1 1  

= + =
+ țĮȚ P = x1x2 = = = 1.




 İȓȞĮȚ țĮȚ ȠȚ įȪȠ șİIJȚțȑȢ.
Ȗ) ǿıȤȪİȚ P = 1 > 0, ȐȡĮ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ
2 + 1
ȠȝȩıȘȝİȢ. x +x 2


1 =
+ 1
2
=
į) DzȤȠȣȝİ 1 2
1 =
1 1 2 2 2
2

ǹijȠȪ
> 0, IJȩIJİ țĮȚ > 0, ȐȡĮ S =
+ > 0,



( )
2
İʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ șİIJȚțȑȢ.
2
2
+ 1

1
= = > 0 ȖȚĮ 0 <

1, ȐȡĮ
x1  x2 x1x2 "1
2
2

į) x1x2 2 x1x2 x1  x2
2 x1 x2 " 
1
x1 + x2
> 1.
1
>0 2
2 1 
+  2

2 + 1 


( )
2

2
2
+ 1  0 

1  0, ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ.
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4970
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ: 2x 2 +
x
36 = 0 1 ȝİ ʌĮȡȐ- ()
ȝİIJȡȠ


.

40
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

Į) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ, ȖȚĮ țȐșİ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ Ȝ, Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȕ) īİȞȚțİȪȠȞIJĮȢ IJȠ ʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮ IJȠȣ ʌȡȠȘȖȠȪȝİȞȠȣ
(1) ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȐȞȚıİȢ. İȡȦIJȒȝĮIJȠȢ, șİȦȡȠȪȝİ IJȘ įȚIJİIJȡȐȖȦȞȘ İȟȓıȦıȘ
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8) ()
x 4 +
x 2 +  = 0 1 ȝİ ʌĮȡĮȝȑIJȡȠȣȢ
, 

.
ȕ) ȊʌȠșȑIJȠȣȝİ IJȫȡĮ ȩIJȚ ȝȓĮ Įʌȩ IJȚȢ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: ǹȞ
< 0 IJȩIJİ
(1) İȓȞĮȚ Ƞ ĮȡȚșȝȩȢ ȡ. i)
2
4 > 0 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 3)

i) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ƞ ĮȡȚșȝȩȢ

İȓȞĮȚ ȡȓȗĮ IJȘȢ ii) Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ 1 () ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȝȩȞȠ įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ
İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 2x 2

x
36 = 0. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7) ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)
ii) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ:
•

0 țĮȚ ȁȪıȘ

( )
2
1 Į) DzȤȠȣȝİ x 4
8x 2
9 = 0  x 2
8x 2
9 = 0,
• Ƞ ĮȡȚșȝȩȢ

İȓȞĮȚ ȡȓȗĮ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ:
2
2
ȐȡĮ șȑIJȠȞIJĮȢ x =

0 ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ

36x +
x + 2 = 0 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 4 +6 =10)

2
8

9 = 0, IJȘȞ ȠʌȠȓĮ ȜȪȞȠȣȝİ:

= 1,  =
8,  =
9, ȐȡĮ
ȁȪıȘ
( ) ( )
2
 =  2
4
 =
8
4 1
9 =
2
( ) 2
Į)
= 
4  2 
36 =  + 288 > 0, ȐȡĮ Ș 1 () = 64 + 36 = 100 > 0, ȠʌȩIJİ
ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȐȞȚıİȢ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ
IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ Ȝ. 1,2 = =
( )

 ± 

8 ± 100

2
2 1
()
ȕ) ǹijȠȪ Ƞ ȡ İȓȞĮȚ ȡȓȗĮ IJȘȢ 1 , șĮ ȚıȤȪİȚ
 8 + 10
2
2  +

36 = 0 2 . () 
1 = 2 = 9 > 0, 
 .
i) īȚĮ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ Ƞ

ȡȓȗĮ, șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ 
= 8
10 =
1 < 0,  

2
 2
( ) ( )
2
2




36 = 0  2 2 +

36 = 0,
(
DZȡĮ
= 9  x 2 = 9  x = 3  x =
3 . )
ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ ȜȩȖȦ IJȘȢ 2 . ()
( )
2
ȕ) DzȤȠȣȝİ x 4 +
x 2 +  = 0
x 2 +
x 2 +  = 0,
ii) • DzıIJȦ
= 0 . ȉȩIJİ Ș (1) įȓȞİȚ
ȐȡĮ șȑIJȠȞIJĮȢ x 2 =

0 ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
2 02 +
0
36 = 0 
36 = 0, ȐIJȠʌȠ,
ȐȡĮ

0. ()
2 +
 +  = 0 2 , ȝİ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ
=  2
4.
1 ( )

4

• īȚĮ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ Ƞ


ȡȓȗĮ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ i) ǹȞ
< 0 
4
>
4 0 
4
> 0 țĮȚ

2
0, ȐȡĮ ȝİ ʌȡȩıșİıȘ țĮIJȐ ȝȑȜȘ

36x 2 +
x + 2 = 0, șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ

2
4 > 0 (ȣʌİȡȚıȤȪİȚ Ș ȖȞȒıȚĮ ĮȞȚıȩIJȘIJĮ).
2
 1 1
36


36   +
+ 2 = 0  2 + + 2 = 0 
   
ii)
=  2
4 > 0, ȐȡĮ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ 2 ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ()

ȡȓȗİȢ ȐȞȚıİȢ, IJȚȢ
1 țĮȚ
2 .

36
 2 2 2 2 +

36 ȉȠ ȖȚȞȩȝİȞȠ IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ İȓȞĮȚ P =
< 0, ȐȡĮ ȠȚ
2
+ 2 + 2 =0 = 0,
   2 ȡȓȗİȢ İȓȞĮȚ İIJİȡȩıȘȝİȢ.
ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ ȜȩȖȦ IJȘȢ 2 . () ǹȞ
1 > 0 țĮȚ
2 < 0, IJȩIJİ
Ș x 2 =
1 ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ, İȞȫ Ș x 2 =
2 İȓȞĮȚ
ĮįȪȞĮIJȘ.

]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4975 ()
ȉİȜȚțȐ, Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ 1 ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ȐȞȚıİȢ.

Į) ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș įȚIJİIJȡȐȖȦȞȘ İȟȓıȦıȘ x 4
8x 2
9 = 0. ȉĮ ȓįȚĮ ıȣȝʌİȡȐıȝĮIJĮ ȕȖĮȓȞȠȣȞ ĮȞ
1 < 0

ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ĮȣIJȒ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȝȩȞȠ ʌȡĮȖ- țĮȚ
2 > 0.
ȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ, IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ țĮȚ ȞĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)

41
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

]ĬǼȂǹ 4_4992

2 +  2 = 82

2 +  2 = 64

Į) ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ ȠȡșȠȖȫȞȚȠ ʌĮȡĮȜȜȘȜȩȖȡĮȝȝȠ ȝİ ʌİȡȓȝİ-
IJȡȠ
= 34cm țĮȚ įȚĮȖȫȞȚȠ
= 13cm.  
2
2 " 64
"40
 
2
80 " 64
i) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ IJȠ İȝȕĮįȩȞ IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ
2  #0
İȓȞĮȚ  = 60cm2 . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)  
" 144  " 12, ȠʌȩIJİ, ȩʌȦȢ
ii) ȃĮ țĮIJĮıțİȣȐıİIJİ ȝȚĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ ıIJȠ İȡȫIJȘȝĮ (Į.ii), ıȣȝʌİȡĮȓȞȠȣȝİ ȩIJȚ IJĮ ȝȒțȘ
ʌȠȣ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJĮ ȝȒțȘ IJȦȞ ʌȜİȣȡȫȞ IJȠȣ ĮȣIJȠȪ IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ șĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓ-
ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5) ıȦıȘȢ x 2
12x + 40 = 0, Ș ȠʌȠȓĮ ȩȝȦȢ ȑȤİȚ
iii) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJĮ ȝȒțȘ IJȦȞ ʌȜİȣȡȫȞ IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦ- ( )
2

=
12
4 1 40 = 144
160 =
16 < 0, ȐȡĮ Ș
ȞȓȠȣ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ ĮįȪȞĮIJȘ. ȈȣȞİʌȫȢ įİȞ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ
ȕ) ȃĮ İȟİIJȐıİIJİ ĮȞ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ ȠȡșȠȖȫȞȚȠ ʌĮȡĮȜȜȘȜȩ-
IJȑIJȠȚȠ ȠȡșȠȖȫȞȚȠ.
ȖȡĮȝȝȠ ȝİ İȝȕĮįȩȞ 40cm2 țĮȚ įȚĮȖȫȞȚȠ 8cm.
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)

ȁȪıȘ ]ĬǼȂǹ 4_5317

Į) Į) ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș įȚIJİIJȡȐȖȦȞȘ İȟȓıȦıȘ
DzıIJȦ Į țĮȚ ȕ ȠȚ x 4
9x 2 + 20 = 0
įȚĮıIJȐıİȚȢ IJȠȣ NĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ĮȣIJȒ ȑȤİȚ IJȑııİȡȚȢ įȚĮ-
ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ. ȉȩIJİ ijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ, IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ țĮȚ ȞĮ
ȑȤȠȣȝİ  = 2
+ 2 ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
țĮȚ  2 =
2 +  2 . ȕ) ȃĮ țĮIJĮıțİȣȐıİIJİ ȝȓĮ įȚIJİIJȡȐȖȦȞȘ İȟȓıȦıȘ
IJȘȢ ȝȠȡijȒȢ x 4 +
x 2 +  = 0, Ș ȠʌȠȓĮ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ
2
+ 2 = 34 
+  = 17
i) DzȤȠȣȝİ  2 2 2

 2 2

ȝȩȞȠ įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ. ȃĮ ĮʌȠ-

+  = 13 
+  = 169 įİȓȟİIJİ IJȠȞ ȚıȤȣȡȚıȝȩ ıĮȢ ȜȪȞȠȞIJĮȢ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ
(

)

+  2 = 17 2 
2 + 2
 +  2 = 289 (
)
 2 
ʌȠȣ țĮIJĮıțİȣȐıĮIJİ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 15)
2

2 +  2 = 169 
+  = 169 ȁȪıȘ
2
 = 289
169  2
 = 120 
( )
2
Į) DzȤȠȣȝİ x 4
9x 2 + 20 = 0  x 2
9x 2 + 20 = 0,
 = 60
 = 60cm2 .
ii) ǹijȠȪ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJĮ ȝȒțȘ Į țĮȚ ȕ, ȐȡĮ șȑIJȠȞIJĮȢ x 2 =

0 ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
șĮ ȚıȤȪİȚ S =
+  = 17 țĮȚ P =
 = 60.
2
9
+ 20 = 0, IJȘȞ ȠʌȠȓĮ ȜȪȞȠȣȝİ:
DZȡĮ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ IJȘ ȝȠȡijȒ
= 1,  =
9,  = 20, ȐȡĮ
( )
2
x 2
17x + 60 = 0 2 . ()  =  2
4
 =
9
4 1 20 = 81
80 = 1 > 0,

()
iii) Ǿ 2 ȑȤİȚ įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ
ȠʌȩIJİ 1,2 =

 ± 

9 ± 1
= 
( )
2
2 1

= (
17 )
2

4 160 = 289
240 = 49 > 0,
 9 +1
17 ± 49 17 ± 7 
1 = 2 = 5 > 0, 
ȐȡĮ x1,2 = =   .
2
1 2 
= 9
1 = 4 > 0, 
 2 2
 17 + 7 24
 x1 = 2 = 2 = 12
 . ȈȣȞİʌȫȢ Ș ȝȓĮ ʌȜİȣȡȐ • īȚĮ
= 5  x2 = 5  x = 5  x =
5 .( )
 x = 17
7 = 10 = 5
 2 2 2 • īȚĮ 2

= 4  x = 4  x = 2  x =
2 . ( )
DZȡĮ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ IJȑııİȡȚȢ įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ ʌȡĮȖ-
IJȠȣ ȠȡșȠȖȦȞȓȠȣ ȑȤİȚ ȝȒțȠȢ 12cm țĮȚ Ș ȐȜȜȘ
ȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ.
5cm.
ȕ) ǹȞ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ IJȑIJȠȚȠ ȠȡșȠȖȫȞȚȠ, IJȩIJİ ȖȚ’ ĮȣIJȩ șĮ ()
ȕ) ǹȞ x 4 +
x 2 +  = 0 1 , IJȩIJİ șȑIJȠȞIJĮȢ x 2 =

ȚıȤȪİȚ
 = 40 țĮȚ

42
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ 2 +
 +  = 0 ( 2) , ȝİ
ii) īȚĮ
= 1, ȞĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡȐıIJĮıȘȢ
2
įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ
= 
4. x12 x2
3x1 + 4
3x2 + x1x22 . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9)
()
īȚĮ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ Ș 1 įȪȠ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ, ʌȡȑʌİȚ Ș
ȁȪıȘ
( 2) ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ ȝȓĮ ȝȩȞȠ șİIJȚțȒ ȡȓȗĮ. Į)
= 1,  =
5 țĮȚ
=
1, ȐȡĮ
ǹȣIJȩ ıȣȝȕĮȓȞİȚ İȓIJİ ĮȞ
( ) ( )
2

=
5
4 1
1 = 252 + 4 > 0, İʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ Ș

= 0   2
4 = 0   2 = 4 ȝİ
< 0,

İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȐȞȚıİȢ
ȫıIJİ Ș įȚʌȜȒ ȡȓȗĮ
ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ șİIJȚțȒ, İȓIJİ ĮȞ ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


.
2

=  2
4 > 0 țĮȚ P =
< 0, ȫıIJİ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ ȞĮ 
5
ȕ) DzȤȠȣȝİ x1 + x2 = S =
=
= 5 țĮȚ
İȓȞĮȚ İIJİȡȩıȘȝİȢ.
1
īȚĮ IJȘȞ 1Ș ʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘ: 
1
x1x2 = P = = =
1.
( )
1
2
4 2 2 2
x
4x + 4 = 0  x
4x + 4 = 0, ȐȡĮ
șȑIJȠȞIJĮȢ x 2 =

0 ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ( ) ( )
2 24
i) x1 + x2
18
7 x1x2 =0
( )
2 2


4
+ 4 = 0 

2 = 0 
(5
) ( )
2 24

18
7 
1 =0
2

=2x =2 x= 2 x=
2 . ( ) 25
2
18
7 = 0  25
2 = 25 
2 = 1 
īȚĮ IJȘ 2Ș ʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘ:
(
= 1 
=
1).
( )
2
x 4
2x 2
3 = 0  x 2
2x 2
3 = 0, ȐȡĮ
ii) x12 x2
3x1 + 4
3x2 + x1x22 =
șȑIJȠȞIJĮȢ x 2 =

0 ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ

2
2

3 = 0, ȝİ
( )
= x1x2 x1 + x2 + 4
3 x1 + x2 = ( )
=
15
+ 4
35
=
5
+ 4
15
=
( ) ( )
2

=
2
4 1
3 = 4 + 12 = 16 > 0, ȠʌȩIJİ "1
" 4 20 " 4 20 " 16

(
2 ) ± 16 2±4

1,2 = 
1,2
= 
2 1 2
 2+4
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_7263

1 = 2 = 3,  ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ x 2
6x +

7, ȩʌȠȣ


.
 . Į) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ Ȝ ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣ-

= 2
4 =
1,  

 2 2 ȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)

ȕ) i) ǹȞ x1 , x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣ IJȡȚȦȞȪȝȠȣ, ȞĮ
DZȡĮ
= 3  x 2 = 3  x = 3  x =
3 . ( ) ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ IJȠȣ ĮșȡȠȓıȝĮIJȠȢ S = x1 + x2
IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ țĮȚ ȞĮ İțijȡȐıİIJİ ıȣȞĮȡIJȒıİȚ IJȠȣ Ȝ
IJȠ ȖȚȞȩȝİȞȠ P = x1
x2 IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 2)
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_6223 ii) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ, ȖȚĮ țȐșİ Ȝ ȝİ 7 <
< 16, IJȠ
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ x 2
5
x
1 = 0, ȝİ ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ
IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȐȞȚıİȢ ȠȝȩıȘȝİȢ ȡȓȗİȢ.



.
ȆȠȚȠ İȓȞĮȚ IJȩIJİ IJȠ ʌȡȩıȘȝȠ IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ; ȃĮ ĮȚ-
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ, ȖȚĮ țȐșİ


, Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
IJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 4)
ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ țĮȚ ȐȞȚıİȢ.
Ȗ) i) ȃĮ ȕȡİȓIJİ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ Ȝ ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ȠʌȠȓİȢ Ș
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)
ȕ) ǹȞ x1 , x2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ ʌĮȡĮʌȐȞȦ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ, İȟȓıȦıȘ x 2
6 x +
= 7 1 () ȑȤİȚ IJȑııİȡȚȢ
IJȩIJİ: įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
i) ȃĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ IJȚȢ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ


, ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ()
ii) DzȤİȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ 1 ȖȚĮ
= 3 10 IJȑııİȡȚȢ
( ) ( )
2 24
ȠʌȠȓİȢ ȚıȤȪİȚ: x1 + x2
18
7 x1x2 = 0. įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ; ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠ-
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 9) ȖȒıİIJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 4)

43
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ȁȪıȘ
Į)
= 1,  =
6,  = 
7, ȐȡĮ 7 < 3 10 < 16  3 10
7, 16 . ( )
( ) ( ) ()
2
 =  2
4
 =
6
4 1 
7 = ǼʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȘ IJȠȣ (Ȗ.i) Ș 1 ȖȚĮ
= 36
4
+ 28 = 64
4
.
= 3 10 ȑȤİȚ IJȑııİȡȚȢ įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ ʌȡĮȖȝĮ-
īȚĮ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ, ʌȡȑ- IJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ.
ʌİȚ
 0  64
4  0  4  64    16.
(
DZȡĮ

, 16  .
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_7510

6
ȕ) i) S = x1 + x2 =
=
= 6, ȉĮ ıʌȓIJȚĮ IJİııȐȡȦȞ ȝĮșȘIJȫȞ, IJȘȢ DZȞȞĮȢ, IJȠȣ ǺĮȖ-

1
ȖȑȜȘ, IJȠȣ īȚȫȡȖȠȣ țĮȚ IJȘȢ ǻȒȝȘIJȡĮȢ ȕȡȓıțȠȞIJĮȚ
 
7 ʌȐȞȦ ıİ ȑȞĮȞ İȣșȪȖȡĮȝȝȠ įȡȩȝȠ, Ƞ ȠʌȠȓȠȢ ȟİțȚȞȐİȚ
P = x1x2 = = = 
7

1 Įʌȩ IJȠ ıȤȠȜİȓȠ IJȠȣȢ. ȅȚ ĮʌȠıIJȐıİȚȢ IJȦȞ IJİııȐȡȦȞ
ii) īȚĮ țȐșİ Ȝ ȝİ 7 <
< 16 ȚıȤȪİȚ ȩIJȚ ıʌȚIJȚȫȞ Įʌȩ IJȠ ıȤȠȜİȓȠ, s  , s , s țĮȚ s
ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚ-
(


, 16  , ȐȡĮ IJȠ IJȡȚȫȞȣȝȠ ȑȤİȚ ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ȤĮ, ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȠȪȞ IJȚȢ ıȤȑıİȚȢ:
ȡȓȗİȢ. ǼʌȓıȘȢ,

16 , ȐȡĮ

0, İʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ s  + 3s
s  < s , s = țĮȚ s
s  = s
s
ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ȐȞȚıİȢ. 4
ǹțȩȝĮ,
> 7 

7 > 0  P > 0, ȐȡĮ ȠȚ ȈIJȠȞ ʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦ ȐȟȠȞĮ, IJȠ ıȤȠȜİȓȠ ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ ıIJȠ ıȘ-
ȡȓȗİȢ İȓȞĮȚ ȠȝȩıȘȝİȢ. ȝİȓȠ ȅ țĮȚ IJĮ ıȘȝİȓĮ ǹ, Ǻ ʌĮȡȚıIJȐȞȠȣȞ IJȚȢ șȑıİȚȢ
ǵȝȦȢ S = 6 > 0, ȐȡĮ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ İȓȞĮȚ șİIJȚțȑȢ. IJȦȞ ıʌȚIJȚȫȞ IJȘȢ DZȞȞĮȢ țĮȚ IJȠȣ ǺĮȖȖȑȜȘ ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮ.
2
x2 " x 2

Ȗ) i) 1 x 6x  7 " 0, ȠʌȩIJİ șȑIJȠȞIJĮȢ

x =

0 ȑȤȠȣȝİ 
6 +

7 = 0 2 . 2
() Į) ȃĮ IJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİIJİ ʌȐȞȦ ıIJȠȞ ȐȟȠȞĮ IJĮ ıȘȝİȓĮ ī
țĮȚ ǻ, ʌȠȣ ʌĮȡȚıIJȐȞȠȣȞ IJȚȢ șȑıİȚȢ IJȦȞ ıʌȚIJȚȫȞ
()
ǹȞ ȡ ȡȓȗĮ IJȘȢ 2 , IJȩIJİ  =

x =
. IJȠȣ īȚȫȡȖȠȣ țĮȚ IJȘȢ ǻȒȝȘIJȡĮȢ. ȃĮ ĮȚIJȚȠȜȠȖȒıİ-
Ǿ IJİȜİȣIJĮȓĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ ȝȩȞȠ ĮȞ IJİ IJȘȞ ĮʌȐȞIJȘıȒ ıĮȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 12)

> 0. ȕ) ǹȞ, İʌȚʌȜȑȠȞ, ȠȚ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȦȞ ĮʌȠıIJȐıİȦȞ s  , s ıİ
DZȡĮ, ȖȚĮ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ IJȑııİȡȚȢ ȡȓȗİȢ Ș 1 , Įȡțİȓ () km ȚțĮȞȠʌȠȚȠȪȞ IJȚȢ ıȤȑıİȚȢ
s  + s = 1,4 țĮȚ s 
s = 0,45 IJȩIJİ:
ȚıȠįȪȞĮȝĮ ȞĮ İȟİIJȐıȠȣȝİ ʌȩIJİ ȑȤİȚ Ș 2 įȪȠ () i) ȃĮ țĮIJĮıțİȣȐıİIJİ ȝȚĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ 2Ƞȣ ȕĮșȝȠȪ
șİIJȚțȑȢ ȡȓȗİȢ ȐȞȚıİȢ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȠȣȢ ȠʌȩIJİ Įʌȩ țĮșİ- ( ʌȠȣ ȞĮ ȑȤİȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȠȣȢ ĮȡȚșȝȠȪȢ s  , s .
ȝȓĮ ʌȡȠțȪʌIJȠȣȞ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ 1 . ( )) (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6)
ii) ȃĮ ȣʌȠȜȠȖȓıİIJİ IJȚȢ ĮʌȠıIJȐıİȚȢ s  , s , s țĮȚ
ǹȣIJȩ ıȣȝȕĮȓȞİȚ ȩIJĮȞ s
. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)
( )

> 0  36
4 
7 > 0  36
4 + 28 > 0 
ȁȪıȘ
64
4
> 0  4
< 64 
< 16 țĮȚ
P > 0 

7 > 0 
> 7 țĮȚ S > 0
6 > 0, (
Į) DzȤȠȣȝİ s
s  = s
s  s
s  = s
s Ȓ
ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ. s
s  = s
s  )
ȉİȜȚțȐ, IJȠ ȗȘIJȠȪȝİȞȠ ȚıȤȪİȚ ȝȩȞȠ ȖȚĮ
s  + s

(


7, 16 . ) (s 
= s , ĮįȪȞĮIJȘ, Ȓ s =
2 
.

( ) =3
2 2
2
ii) ǿıȤȪİȚ 3 10 10 = 9
10 = 90, s  + s
ȉİȜȚțȐ, s = , ȐȡĮ IJȠ ıʌȓIJȚ IJȘȢ ǻȒȝȘIJȡĮȢ
7 2 = 49 țĮȚ 162 = 256. 2

( ) < 16
ȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ ıIJȠ ȝȑıȠ IJȘȢ įȚĮįȡȠȝȒȢ Įʌȩ IJȠ ıʌȓIJȚ

2
DZȡĮ 49 < 90 < 256
7 2 < 3 10 2
IJȘȢ DZȞȞĮȢ ıIJȠ ıʌȓIJȚ IJȠȣ ǺĮȖȖȑȜȘ.

44
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ x1 , x2

ǿıȤȪİȚ s  < s < s . īȚĮ IJȠ s
ȑȤȠȣȝİ: įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȑȢ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȠȣȢ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 6)
s  + 3s ȕ) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: x1 + x2 = 2. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 4)
• DzıIJȦ s > s

4
> s

Ȗ) ǹȞ ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ȡȓȗİȢ x1 , x2 ȚıȤȪİȚ İʌȚʌȜȑȠȞ:
s  + 3s > 4s
s  > s , ȐIJȠʌȠ, ȐȡĮ s
s . x1
2 = x2 + 2 , IJȩIJİ:

s  + 3s i) ȃĮ įİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ: x1
x2 = 4. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 7)

ǹȞ s = s , IJȩIJİ Ș ıȤȑıȘ s = ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ ii) ȃĮ ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȓıİIJİ IJȚȢ ȡȓȗİȢ x1 , x2 țĮȚ IJȘȞ IJȚȝȒ
4
s  + 3s IJȠȣ Ȝ. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 8)
s =
4sB = s A + 3sB
sB = s A , ȐIJȠʌȠ.
4
ȁȪıȘ
ȉİȜȚțȐ, s < s .
( ) ( )
2
Į)
=
2
4 1  = 4
4 = 4 1
 > 0, ĮijȠȪ
s  + 3s s  + s
• DzıIJȦ s > s

4
>
2


< 1, ȐȡĮ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ x1 , x2 įȚĮijȠ-
ȡİIJȚțȑȢ ȝİIJĮȟȪ IJȠȣȢ.
2s  + 6s > 4s  + 4s


2
ȕ) S = x1 + x2 =
=
=2
6s
4s > 4s 
2s   s > s  , ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ
1
Įʌȩ ȣʌȩșİıȘ, ȐȡĮ s
> s .
(
Ȗ) i) x1
2 = x2 + 2  x1
2 = x2 + 2 Ȓ
ȉİȜȚțȐ, s  < s < s < s , ȠʌȩIJİ Ƞ ĮȟȩȞĮȢ ʌĮȓȡȞİȚ
IJȘ ȝȠȡijȒ: x1
2 =
x2
2)  ( x
x 1 2
= 4 Ȓ x1 + x2 = 0,
)
ĮįȪȞĮIJȘ ȜȩȖȦ IJȠȣ (ȕ) , ȐȡĮ x1
x2 = 4.
 x + x = 2 ( + )
ȕ) i) ȂȓĮ IJȑIJȠȚĮ İȟȓıȦıȘ İȓȞĮȚ Ș ii)  1 2  2x1 = 6  x1 = 3. īȚĮ x1 = 3 Ș
x 2
1,4x + 0,45 = 0.  x1
x2 = 4
ii) ȁȪȞȠȣȝİ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ x 2
1,4x + 0,45 = 0 : ıȤȑıȘ x1 + x2 = 2 ȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ
( )
2

=
1,4
4 10,45 = 3+ x2 = 2  x2 =
1.
= 1,96
1,8 = 0,16 > 0, ȐȡĮ
ǿıȤȪİȚ P = x1x2 
= 3
1 
=
3. ( )
1,4 ± 0,16 1,4 ± 0,4
x1,2 = =

2 2
 1,4 + 0,4 1,8 ]ĬǼȂǹ 4_7516
 x1 = 2
=
2
= 0,9

 x = 1,4
0,4 = 1 = 0,5
. ȅȚ ĮʌȠıIJȐıİȚȢ IJȦȞ (
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ
x 2

2
1 x

= 0, ȝİ )
 2 2 2 ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ

0.
Į) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș įȚĮțȡȓȞȠȣıĮ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ
ıʌȚIJȚȫȞ IJȘȢ DZȞȞĮȢ țĮȚ IJȠȣ ǺĮȖȖȑȜȘ Įʌȩ IJȠ
( )
2
ıȤȠȜİȓȠ ( s  țĮȚ s ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤĮ) İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ İȓȞĮȚ  =
2 + 1 . (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ țĮȚ, ĮijȠȪ s > s  , ʌȡȠțȪʌIJİȚ ȩIJȚ ȕ) ȃĮ ĮʌȠįİȓȟİIJİ ȩIJȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ
s = 0,9 km țĮȚ s  = 0,5km. ǼʌȠȝȑȞȦȢ 1
1 =
țĮȚ 2 =
. (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
0,5 + 3
0,9 0,5 + 2,7 3,2

s
= = = = 0,8km țĮȚ
4 4 4 Ȗ) ȃĮ ȕȡİșȠȪȞ ȠȚ IJȚȝȑȢ IJȠȣ Į ȫıIJİ
1

2 = 2.
0,5 + 0,9 1,4 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)
s
= = = 0,7 km.
2 2
ȁȪıȘ

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
Į)  = 

2
1 
4


=
2
1 + 4
2 =
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_7515
+ 1 = (
+ 1)
2
ǻȓȞİIJĮȚ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ: =
4
2
2 + 1+ 4
2 =
4 + 2
2 2

x 2
2x +
= 0, ȝİ ʌĮȡȐȝİIJȡȠ
< 1.

45
 ǼțijȦȞȒıİȚȢ țĮȚ ȜȪıİȚȢ ȩȜȦȞ IJȦȞ ĮıțȒıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȉȡȐʌİȗĮȢ ĬİȝȐIJȦȞ ĮȞȐ ǼȞȩIJȘIJĮ

ȁȪıȘ
( )
2
ȕ)  =
2 + 1 > 0, ĮijȠȪ
2 + 1
0, ȖȚĮ țȐșİ
()
Į) īȚĮ IJȘȞ 1 :
= 3,  =
14,  = 8, ȠʌȩIJİ
{}



0 . DZȡĮ Ș İȟȓıȦıȘ ȑȤİȚ įȪȠ ȡȓȗİȢ
( )
2
 =  2
4
 =
14
4 38 =
( ) (
+ 1)
2



2
1  ± 2
= 196
96 = 100 > 0, ȐȡĮ
ȐȞȚıİȢ 1,2 = =
2

x1,2 =
( )


14 ± 100
=
14 ± 10

=
2


1±
+ 1 2

=
2


1±
+ 1 ( 2
) 2 3 6
2
2
 14 + 10 24
 x1 = 6 = 6 = 4

 1 = =
(

2
1+
2 + 1
2
1+
2 + 1
=

)  .
 2
2
 x = 14
10 = 4 = 2
 .  2 6 6 3
 (

2
1

2 + 1
2
1

2
1 )1
()
 2 = = =
īȚĮ IJȘ 2 :
= 8,  =
14,  = 3, ȠʌȩIJİ
 2
2


( )
2
 1 1  =  2
4
 =
14
4 83 =
Ȗ) 1
2 = 2 


 = 2 
+ = 2 


= 196
96 = 100 > 0,
2
1
2
1 2
1# 0 2
1 ȐȡĮ x1,2 =
( )


14 ± 100
=
14 ± 10
"2 "2 "2 
2 8 16
2  14 + 10 24 3

2 + 1 = 2


+ 1 = 2

 x1 = 16 = 16 = 2.

( )
2 2


2
+1= 0 

1 = 0 
= 1  x = 14
10 = 4 = 1
 2 16 16 4
(
= 1 
=
1), įİțIJȑȢ. ()
ȕ) ǹijȠȪ ȡ ȡȓȗĮ IJȘȢ 3 , șĮ ȚıȤȪİȚ
2 +  +  = 0 5 . ()
i) ǹȞ
= 0, IJȩIJİ
]ĬǼȂǹ 4_7940 (5) 

0 2
+ 
0 +  = 0   = 0, ʌȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ
Į) ȃĮ ȜȪıİIJİ IJȚȢ İȟȚıȫıİȚȢ ȐIJȠʌȠ, ȖȚĮIJȓ

0.
3x 2
14x + 8 = 0 1 () DZȡĮ

0.
țĮȚ
1
8x 2
14x + 3 = 0 2 (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10) () ii) īȚĮ x =


()
Ș 4 ȖȓȞİIJĮȚ:
ȕ) DzȞĮȢ ȝĮșȘIJȒȢ ʌĮȡĮIJȒȡȘıİ ȩIJȚ ȠȚ ȡȓȗİȢ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ
()
2
2 İȓȞĮȚ ȠȚ ĮȞIJȓıIJȡȠijȠȚ IJȦȞ ȡȚȗȫȞ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ  1 1  
  +  +
= 0
2 + +
= 0

(1) țĮȚ ȚıȤȣȡȓıIJȘțİ ȩIJȚ IJȠ ȓįȚȠ șĮ ȚıȤȪİȚ ȖȚĮ     

ȠʌȠȚȠįȒʌȠIJİ ȗİȣȖȐȡȚ İȟȚıȫıİȦȞ IJȘȢ ȝȠȡijȒȢ:  
2

+ + =0

()

x 2 + x +  = 0 3 țĮȚ x 2 + x +
= 0 4 , () 2 2 2
ȝİ
 
0.  +  +
2
2 +  + 
ǹʌȠįİȓȟIJİ IJȠȞ ȚıȤȣȡȚıȝȩ IJȠȣ ȝĮșȘIJȒ, įİȓȤȞȠȞIJĮȢ 2
=0
= 0,
 2
ȩIJȚ:
ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪİȚ Įʌȩ 5 . ()
ǹȞ Ƞ ĮȡȚșȝȩȢ ȡ İȓȞĮȚ ȡȓȗĮ IJȘȢ İȟȓıȦıȘȢ 3 țĮȚ ()

 
0, IJȩIJİ
i)

0 țĮȚ (ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 5)
1
ii) o


İʌĮȜȘșİȪİȚ IJȘȞ İȟȓıȦıȘ 4 . ()
(ȂȠȞȐįİȢ 10)

46