Atmosfera standard

= 288.15
= 101325 =1 = 1.01325
= 1.225 /
= 28.964 /
= 9.80665 /
!
= 8315
"# ∙
& (
% = & ')( , = 6356.577 altitudinea geopotentiala
'

= , + ., /% − %, 1, 2 = 0, . . ,7

3
=− =−
3%

9:
5 8 =
= , 457 , ., ≠ 0,
6 ;: <6

BC /DBD6 1
= , ?@ A E: 56
F, ., = 0 ⟺ = ,
Zile reci, calde si tropicale (cold, hot, tropical days) (Profile atmosferice de temperatura)

= , + ., /% − %, 1, 2 = 0, . . ,7
Atmosfera politropa
J' J' LBK
1 3 KBL K M L M
ℎ =%−% = I = L
I B
L3 = N1 − 8 = O= / − 1
M−1 M−1
J J

M−1 ℎ 6.5 M−1

= − , ., = 0 − 11 , = − 0.0065ℎ ⟹ = 0.0065
M M

M = 1.235 ⟹ M3 3 = "#2 " 2Q

L
M − 1 ℎ LBK
= 81 − =
M

K
M − 1 ℎ LBK
= 81 − =
M

ℎRST / = 01 ≈ 44

Efectele umiditatii asupra densitatii:

mv
x= [kg vapori de apă/kg aer uscat]
ma

p vV pV mv Ra p v M v p v R R
mv = , ma = a x= = = ⋅ , Ra = M , Rv = M ,
RvT Ra T ma Rv p a M a p a Ma Mv

M v = 18.016 [kg/kmol]; M a = 28.96 [kg/kmol]

 m 
m = ma + mv = ma  1 + v  = ma (1 + x)
 ma 
 ρv
ϕ= ⋅ 100
ρs
pv pv ϕp s ps
x = 0.622 = 0.622 = 0.622 , x s = 0.622 la saturatie
pa p B − pv p B − ϕp s pB − ps
T p M H 2O 18
ρv = ρ N ,v N ⋅ v , ρ N ,v = V =
22.4
= 0.804[kg/m3N ]
T pN MN
273 p v
ρ v = 0.804 [kg / m 3 ]
T 760
p (T ) 273 ps (T )  kg 
ρs = s = 0,804 ⋅
RvT T 760  m 3 

V = Va + Vv legea lui Amagat mv = ma v a + mv vv , m a (1 + x )v = m a (v a + xvv )

v a + xv v RT RT R M 28.96
v= , v a = a , vv = v , v = a = = 1.61
1+ x p p Ra M v 18.016

T 1 + 1.61x 1 p 1+ x 1+ x
v = 287 ⇒ ρ umed = = = ρ uscat
p 1+ x v 287T (1 + 1.61x ) (1 + 1.61x )

`
\ K
lgX Y / 1Z = [ − 5 − ]lg / 1 Ecuatia Dupre Y/ 1= 10 _B
a
5^

[ = 21.758, b = 2960.17, ] = 5.3793

Uneori se precizeza temperatura de roua Tr

Ecuatia Tetens

K .cde
Y / & 1 = 4.5831125 ∙ 10 =
K.fde )g h.Kg
i

Constanta specifica a aerului umed

i S
=j , , = i + S, S = − i

=
kYnSd kYnSd kYnSd
kRlm = = =
1− i
/1 − S
1 1− i
/1 − 0.6221 1 + 0.378 i
i