aS sob ROT FSi bran MIDTERM EXAM, PHYSICS $388, Fall, 2011, Dr. Charles W. Myles In Class Exam, Tuesday, October 25 NOTE: This Exam begins at 6:00pm. Lets make ei r.to finish it by 8:30pm!" Thank you! 1, PLEASE write on ONE SIDE of the pape ony! This wastes pape, but it makes my grading easier 2. PLEASE do not write on tho exam sheets, there will not be room! Use other paper ‘As you can see, many of the questions on this exam are Qualitative!!! 3. PLEASE answer the qualitative Question briefly, inching the “How” or the "Why” of «ach nt jst the “What”. Keep your answers to these short & simed atthe min ideas. A seth with appropriate labels or an equation with a brief commeat i often the eases way to rake «point, NOTE: The words “Discuss”, “Define”, and “Explain” below mean to write complet, grammatically corect, English sentences, dont wast ee alot of equations! I ‘want to soe WORDS describing the physics! 4. PLEASE write neatly. IFT cannot reed or find your answer, you cat expect met give it the credit deserves and you are apt to lose credit ‘& PLEASE put the Questions in order and the pages in order before turing in his exam! PLEASE FOLLOW THESE SIMPLE DIRECTIONS!!! THANK YOU!!! NOTE: Most questions are about solids with crystal structures based on ida! 3-cimensional lattices. Tere are 4 qualitative questions & 4 quantitative problems, Anse any O40 2 ualitative questions plus any three (3) quantitative problems fo ot of five (5) questions ‘Qualitative Questions! Answer ANY TWO (2) of these 4 questions! Answer briefly in a few English Sentences, with as few math symbols as possible! 1. Crystal Structure #1: Briefly Define or Explain: “x. Lattice ‘© Primitive Lattice Vectors wh) d. Basis Packing Fraction Primitive Unit Cell % Coordination Number 4 Conventional Unit Ce 1. Miler Indices 2 Crystal Binding #1: 2) Exalain what's mean by the cohesive energy of «slid. Discuss the nature ofthe interactions that contribute tothe cohesive energy of soi 4 ». Define the Madehang Energy noni solids. Briefly Discuss the reasons that calculating this contrhution ta eosin onic mst he done crflly fo avoid obtaining divergent renal Cystine solids are often considered in terms ofthe 4 idealized categories sted in parts ¢ 10 £ Yet, for each of these 4 kinds of bonding, it is the electrostatic Coulomb interaction that roves the attractive force. For each of the 4 types of idealized erst iste in parse tof and by considering ony the outer valence electrons, Discuss how the Coulomb fore is operating in each case. That i, Discuss the Physical Mectanisms which ae primarily responsible forthe bonding energy each of these kinds of solids 5 © Tonic Bonding Se. Metalic Bonding 2 & Covalent Boning 34 Van der Waals BondingQualitative Questions (continued)! Answer ANY TWO (2) of these 4 questions! 3. Reciprocal Lattice & Wave Diffraction #1: Briefly Define or Explain: -\" ae Reciprocal Lattice ‘Atomic Form Factor 2S \4 w Reciprocal Lattice Vector £ Brags’s Law of Diffraction Brillouin Zone Lave Condition (Laue Equations) 44 Stricture Factor 1 Bald Construction 4. Lattice Vibrations & Lattice Dynamies #1: In parts a, f. briefly Define or Explain: Lattice Dynamics Longitudinal Modes <4, be Harmonic Approximation (ce Longitudinal Polarization) Qo) J~ «Normal Modes Transverse Modes 4. Dispersion Relations (ce Transverse Polarization) Discuss the qualitative differences in the behavior (asa function of wave vector) of acoustic and optic phonon modes. ‘What chrceiay ma hel aructure of sl avein order opt mode to Txt It pose rth phonon peo Song os sa fo onan sonic ode ny? awit caatras regu he Syst sce? ‘Topol Sheet Oana islems! Answer ANY THREE (3) of these T provi? ‘Af any of these seems to be mathematically messy, you've probably done something wrong! (Cevstal Strctre #2: The vectors fh piv cll comet som a te vorrs Ste eee wih enatom nthe cbs cer / 0) a Nit tae ctor ntanard Miler oan Beli te angle oe ty too hen, 0.) 2% Ramat be vote mite sl hao hve become 6. Crystal Binding #2: In our discussion of crystal binding fom Ch. 3 of Kite’s book, we {alked about the Lennard-Jones potential, which is sometimes used to model the nearest~ neighbor interatomic potential in some solids. This potential has the form: v -a(eF -(2)] where ¢ & o are adjustable constants and r = nearest-neighbor distance. a. Briefly discuss the physical origin ofthe r term and of the r term Express your answers tothe following in terms of the constants ¢ & «. ». Sheteh this potential as a function of r. Nate: If you don't do this, you will lose points! «Calculate the equilibrium nearest-neighbor distance r, 4. Consider a solid for which the interatomic potential U(r) given sbove is « good approximation. In this slid, the atoms are undergoing small displacements (vibrations) about the equilibrium nearest-neighbor distance r, In the spirit of the harmonic approximation for the phonons, assume thatthe displacements r— ry are small enough that Ue) can be expanded in a Taylor's series in the displacements - ry keeping only up through the quadratic term. By this means, find an expression forthe “elective spring ‘constant k” for this Lennard-fones system, HnQuantitative Problems (continued)! Answer ANY THREE (3) of these 4 problems! 7. Reciprocal Lattice & Wave Diffraction #2 Derive the reciprocal lattice vectors forthe conventional & the primitive unt cells ofthe fee lattice. Jo Calutate the fngth ofthe [241] vector, where the Miler indies are referred tothe fee primitive reciprocal lattice. Use this result to obtain the separation of the (211) planes in the primitive lattice /0 8. Lattice Vibrations & Lattice Dynamics #2: Consider the model one-dimensional monatomic chain of N atoms, equally spaced with separation a, and each with the same mass m. The force constant coupling each atom to its nearest-neighbors is K. We discussed in class thatthe normal mode vibrational frequency «(k) of a mode with waveveetor k fo this models Ha) ses (la) /0 a. Derive an expression forthe group velocity v, a6 a finction of k cS be Using the results of part a, evaluate vg at very small values of k (K+ 0). 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