Structures - 4th Yrs-2020 PDF

TCE Arch – 4th yr students.
Basic to mid span structures
23-02-2020
Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

ARCHITECT & INTERIOR ARCHITECT, MADURAI.
Load bearing structure of a
very large Bungalow

Plan of a bungalow in a large site – Ground Floor
First Floor Plan Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Part Plan GF enlarged
Showing beams at lintel level & GF roof level
Part Plan FF enlarged
Showing beams at roof level
Section through high ceiling hall
Section – enlarged portion of diffused sky light & vent
Section – enlarged portion of diffused sky light & vent
3D Views of the bungalow (it is nearing completion)
3D view-001
3D view-002
3D view-003
3D view-004
3D view-005
Framed structure of a very
large Bungalow

Ground Floor with Site
Ground Floor Plan Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Section Through Living
Section Through Living
3D Views of the bungalow (construction just commenced)
3D View-001 Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Framed structure – another
Bungalow – large cantilever

Plan with site Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Ground Floor
Ground Floor enlarged –
living – Wide & shallow beam Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
First Floor Part enlarged ARCHITECT & INTERIOR ARCHITECT, MADURAI.
Stair portion enlarged – GF – Notice the 6” RCC walls and the
Gap between stair & glass blocks
Stair portion enlarged – FF – Glass blocks continue up without
break because of the gap
Longitudinal Section through the house & stair

Enlarged section of stringer beam stair – notice the RCC wall
supports to stringer beams
Glass Porch supports and RCC projections from beams so that
the HPL surface is recessed
Notice the Gutter ARCHITECT & INTERIOR ARCHITECT, MADURAI.
3d view-001 ARCHITECT & INTERIOR ARCHITECT, MADURAI.
R.W. pipes inside white Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
vertical boxes ARCHITECT & INTERIOR ARCHITECT, MADURAI.
Notice the gutter
3d view-004 Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Notice the Cantilever Frame Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Out rigger columns &
Beams

Part plan of residence

Section through portico

Elevation drawing of that residence – Elevation drawings are
very deceptive – See the 3d picture in the next slide
3d View - Solid proof that students must
explore in 3D
Part Plan of a School Portico
– Outrigger Columns
Section through Portico –
Outrigger Columns
3d View-001 Outrigger
Columns
3d View-002 Outrigger
Columns
Part Ground Floor Plan – notice First Floor
projections
Part First Floor Plan – notice the cantilever
projections
Section through the play area with library
above
3d view of the previous slide-001



Again Outrigger Columns – 100 feet long
portico
Portico plan enlarged

Part Plan showing column placements – Large
School
3d View of the Shifan Noor Global Academy -
001
3d View of the Shifan Noor Global Academy –
Notice the portico roof beams
How outrigger columns help in economizing
cantilever balcony-001
cantilever balcony-002 – Cross section
cantilever balcony-003 – Cross section
cantilever balcony- 3d view
Structure – the essence of architecture – the
outriggers dominate as architectural elements

Portal Frame for a residence
in Kodaikanal

Portal Frame Residence – Ground Floor Plan

Portal Frame Residence – First Floor Plan

Portal Frame Residence – Cross Section

Portal Frame Residence – Cross Section
Enlarged
Portal Frame Residence – Hanging Lintel

Portal Frame Residence – Hanging Lintel – part
enlarged
Portal Frame Residence – 3d view-001
Suppose you have a toilet
sunken slab in the Living
Hall Ceiling

Sunken slab of toilet in Living Hall ceiling - plan

Sunken slab of toilet in Living Hall ceiling -
Section
Sunken slab of toilet in Living Hall ceiling –
Interior View-001
Sunken slab of toilet in Living Hall ceiling –
Interior View-002
Concept of Floating
Columns

Now let us see column placements in various
apartment blocks – apartments over stilts.
The key here is to adjust the column positions to

suit parking at stilt level too.
Sometimes it is not possible – so some columns

have to be eliminated at stilt level and floating
columns provided above for the apartments.
When this happens, the columns below will be
bigger.
Positioning / Locating columns in apartments

teaches column placements as an intense exercise
URR Executive Officers
Apartments – Erode – 12 flats Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Architect: P.R.S. Sivakumar ARCHITECT & INTERIOR ARCHITECT, MADURAI.
URR Executive Officers Apartments – Erode – 12 flats - Section
Architect: P.R.S. Sivakumar
URR Executive Officers Apartments – Erode – 12 flats
Enlarged Plan (Part)

ELSHADAI Apartments – Salem – 18 flats Architect: P.R.S. Sivakumar
Stilt Floor Columns lay out – enlarged (part)

ARV Promoters – Madurai -32 flats
Architect: P.R.S. Sivakumar Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Concept of Floating
Columns

Now let us see column placements in various
apartment blocks – apartments over stilts.
The key here is to adjust the column positions to

suit parking at stilt level too.
Sometimes it is not possible – so some columns

have to be eliminated at stilt level and floating
columns provided above for the apartments.
When this happens, the columns below will be
bigger.
Positioning / Locating columns in apartments

teaches column placements as an intense exercise
URR Executive Officers Apartments – Erode – 12 flats - Section
Enlarged Plan (Part)

Stilt Floor Columns lay out – enlarged (part)

ARV Promoters – Madurai -32 flats - Enlarged stilt floor (part)
ARV Promoters – Madurai -32 flats Typ Floor Col layout (Part)
ARV Promoters – Madurai -32 flats 3D View
Seethabai Family Apartments – 8 Flats Architect: P.R.S. Sivakumar
Typical floor column layout (Part) - Enlarged

Typical floor column layout Stilts (Part) - Enlarged

Seethabai Family Apartments – 8 Flats
Enlarged Section (part) Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Seethabai Family Apartments – 8 Flats
3D View Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Rohan Jharoka Phase 2 –Bangalore Interior of my Son’s flat.
Interior Architect: P.R.S. Sivakumar Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Rohan Jharoka Phase 2 Gated Community–Bangalore Architect:
Sanjay Mohe - Exterior View Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
If you had a semi circular structure or as an
arc, it need not necessarily have columns
placed radially. You could have a rectilinear or
some other grid too. Again, architecturally, if
you wished to have radial like grid, it is not
necessary that it must be geometrically radial,
i.e. producing the centre line to meet at the
centre of arc.

Radial lines are shown since the peripheral columns are
placed radially (perpendicular to the arc for aesthetics)
Shown without beam layout for clarity. Furniture placement
is easier
Geometrically correct radial grid. Notice that beams are in
alternate bays only in the inner circle.
Placement of furniture – scope becomes limited here.

Notice the centre of arc. Beams do not meet at the center by
producing them beyond the wall. They need not be. This is
aesthetically more pleasing. Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Beams need not necessarily rest on
columns but could rest on beams too.
Sometimes, depending on the loading and
depending on the soil’s load bearing
capacity, it might become more
economical to have wider placing of
columns but have intermediate roof
beams other than the ones connecting
columns, to reduce the span of the RC
slab.
Notice the intermediate beams between columns.

If you had a large odd shaped hall,
grid beams could have irregular
interesting grid too.

.
Now let me talk about widely spaced
columns where the beams have longer
spans. As I already told you last time,
these might not be expensive. And when
the building has a good set back from the
boundaries where they abut roads, every
thing is fine.

But when these buildings are very close to
the road or roads in case of road more
than one side of the boundary, these
buildings would start slightly vibrating
when, say, a lorry passes with a fairly
good speed. You could feel the vibration
inside the building on the floor. These
vibrations would cause fatigue to the
columns and might lead to shorter
longevity of the structure.
So when the buildings are very close to
the road or even smack on the boundary
like what you see in Madurai city, some
special care has to be taken to ensure that
fatigue does not cause a strain on the
structure. The columns and beams would
have to be larger in these cases. But this
does not prevent vibration being felt on
the insides of the floors but the structure
would be safe and longevity would not be
shortened. Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Floating columns – let us see today in
a different perspective than what we saw
last.
If there is a large podium floor with

larger spacing of columns and with a
tower on top of it with a much lesser foot
print, then floating columns have to be
provided
Large Podium at lower level with a smaller foot print tower
above.

Enlarged image with beams & floating columns
superimposed.
Enlarged image with the smaller foot print tower shown.

3D model – image-001 – walls & floors shown transparent –
Part of the upper floor of 5 to 6 floors
Part of the upper floor of 5 to 6 floors.
Part of the upper floor of 5 to 6 floors
Part of the upper floor of 10 to 12 floors.
Another case: A curved tower over a
large podium below

Large Podium below and a Curved small foot print tower
above Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Shown with beams and floating columns superimposed.
Smaller foot print curved tower above podium
Sectional Elevation – Notice high torsion curved beams to
podium roof.
3d Image -001 – walls & floors shown transparent
CANTILEVERS

Simplest way to explain a
cantilever: Place a wooden / plastic
student scale on a table & project
out to more than half outside the
table and place a weight over the
rear part resting on the table. The
counter weight makes the
cantilever stable.

It is the counter weight which
plays the major role in a stable
cantilever.
This can be achieved in many

ways.

An Arena designed by Ar. Harry Weese (1971) Notice the
side counterweights aesthetically done.
This doesn’t have much counterweight – beams must be
anchored up to the last column behind and the columns too
bigger in size. Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Cantilevered Frames

This portico & the smaller cantilever above have sufficient
anchorage & counter weight. Notice the cantilever frame of
the balcony projection at the side.
Cantilevered frames on the other side too.
Close up view of the cantilevered frames and the balcony
insert within the frame.
Floating stair landing – a cantilevered frame with stringer beam
Atrium of an office building I designed 25 years back
Flat Slab System

Flat Slabs are capable of taking heavy loads. Here you seeing a
Flat slab system without peripheral columns.
Flat Slabs – peripheral grids are half grids
without columns
Flat Slab- Type-1 View-001- There are no
columns at the periphery

Flat Slab- Type-1 View-002 - Aerial

Flat Slab- Type-1 View-003 – Notice the
capital & drop
Flat Slab- Type-2 Periphery with columns &
Half Capitals.
Half Capitals – Enlarged (part).
Half Capitals – Section at one end.
Flat Slab- Type-2 Periphery with columns
View-001
Flat Slab- Type-2 Periphery with columns
View-002 – Notice the half capitals
Structural Fins

This is a structure with angular fins on the West side, and these fins
are 4 inches thick x 3-1/2 feet long and these act as structural fins
eliminating columns.
Please notice the gap between horizontal sunshade and also the holes
in vertical fins. These create free flow of air within the fin structure
thus eliminating heat traps forming within the rectangular recessses
of the fins. Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Now let me move on to some other
subjects too which you need to know
for your studio projects.
Something about air conditioning

and plant rooms & ducts – will show
you one example from a project done
by me.

This is a large span steel roofed structure – Notice the
splayed walls between columns – I shall explain later.
This plan shows the AC Ducting at ground floor level.
Plant room with AHU is at upper level.

Upper level shows the AC Plant rooms on either sides and
the Outdoor units on the outside terrace. For this size of
hall 2 nos of Plant rooms of 7.5m x 4m were required.
Notice the ducts seen in elevation on the periphery walls
below the balcony. Also notice how the duct comes out
from the plant room vertically and then twisted
horizontally to accommodate below the balcony. They are
actually covered with boards and concealed now.
Notice the curved lattice steel truss and the stepped false
ceiling to suit the arc of the truss bottom. Roofing is with
Galvalume metal sheets. Notice the ducts below the
balcony. Also notice the outriggered columns & beams.

Note the ducts on the wall coming down from the
Plant room
How the Vertical duct is made into a horizontal duct –
the rectangle is cleverly twisted.
The rotated duct going under the balcony
Inside the AHU Plant room – ducts at ceiling coming out
from the AHU machine.
Inside the AHU Plant room – coming out from the AHU
machine.
Inside the AHU Plant room – Notice the AHU
machines.
Outside AHU plant room – the outdoor units lined
along the wall.
Outside AHU plant room – the outdoor units lined
along the wall – full length of the wall – photo from
other side. Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.
Truss bottom covered with Acoustic board false
ceiling
Ducts under the balcony Notice the covered ducts.
Thank you for your patient
listening !


Structures - 4th Yrs-2020 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Structures - 4th Yrs-2020 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TCE Arch – 4th yr students.

Basic to mid span structures

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

The key here is to adjust the column positions to

Sometimes it is not possible – so some columns

Positioning / Locating columns in apartments

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

ELSHADAI Apartments – Salem – 18 flats Architect: P.R.S. Sivakumar

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

The key here is to adjust the column positions to

Sometimes it is not possible – so some columns

Positioning / Locating columns in apartments

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

ELSHADAI Apartments – Salem – 18 flats Architect: P.R.S. Sivakumar

Seethabai Family Apartments – 8 Flats Architect: P.R.S. Sivakumar

Seethabai Family Apartments – 8 Flats Architect: P.R.S. Sivakumar

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

If there is a large podium floor with

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

This can be achieved in many

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Something about air conditioning

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

Presentation by P.R.S. Sivakumar, B.ARCH., F.I.I.A., F.I.V.

You might also like