Flyback Converter Flyback converters are often used in power supplies requiring low to medium ‘output power at several output voltages. From: Analog Circuit Design, Volume Three, 2015 Related terms: Energy Engineering, Electric Power Factor Correction, Transistors, Inductor, Transformers, De Converter View all Topics > , Download as PDF JX Set alert Power Factor Correction Circuits Issa Batarseh Ph.D., Huai Wei Ph.D., in Power Electronics Handbook (Third Edition), 2011 D. Flyback Converter @ About this page Flyback converter is an isolated converter whose topology and input current waveform are shown in Figs. 19.29a and b, respectively. The input voltage-input current relationship is similar to that of buck-boost converter where, Lis the magnetizing inductance of the output transformer. 9.27) Therefore, it has the same input I-V characteristic, and hence the same input voltage and input current waveforms. as those the buck-boost converter has, shown in Fig. 19.29c. ‘Comparing with buck-boost converter, flyback converter has all the advantages of the buck-boost converter. What's more, input-output isolation can be provided by flyback converter. These advantages make flyback converter well suitable for PFC with DCM input technique. Comparing with boost converter, the flyback converter, has better PFC and the output voltage can be either higher or lower than the input voltage. However, due to the use of power transformer, the flyback converter has high di/dt noise, lower efficiency, and lower density (larger size and heavier weight). Flyback Converter with Voltage-Mode Control Keng Wu, in Power Converters with Digital Filter Feedback Control, 2016Abstract The mechanisms of energy transfer employed by the forward converter and those by the flyback converter in this chapter are quite different. The flyback converter transfers energy sort of indirectly by storing a bucket in one time step then dumping it (to the load) in the other, and the cycle repeats. The storing act is instituted via an inductor. ‘Along the same coverage sequence, this chapter presents flyback converters with voltage-mode control. In theory, flyback converters can work in two conduction modes, continuous and discontinuous, attributed to the initial current of inductor storage. However, in continuous conduction mode, the issue of right-half-plane zero exists and makes control loop stability an issue that requires special treatment. For that reason, flyback converters operating in the discontinuous mode are preferred in this chapter. Inductor sizing procedure that gives better accuracy is presented in the appendix. EERE | Perctse boot Flyback controller improves cross regulation for multiple output applications Tom Hack, in Analog Circuit Design, Volume Three, 2015 Introduction Flyback converters are often used in power supplies requiring low to medium output power at several output voltages. With a flyback, multiple outputs incur little additional cost or complexity—each additional output requires only another transformer winding, rectifier and output filter capacitor. Power over Ethernet (PoE) applications may require several low to medium power outputs and are good candidates for multiple output flyback converters. While multiple output flyback converters are simple and inexpensive, they often suffer from poor cross regulation. Usually, one output is tightly regulated via feedback, while the other outputs are controlled via less accurate transformer action. Schottky diode voltage drops, transformer leakage inductances and transformer winding resistances degrade regulation. Also, outputs remain uncoupled when the rectifiers are off, which contributes to poor cross regulation. ‘The LTC3806 is a new flyback controller that improves load and cross regulation for multiple output flyback converters. Multi-output systems that previously used post regulators, multiple switching supplies or other methods to provide tight output voltage tolerances can now use lower cost flyback converters. The LTC3806 uses forced continuous conduction operation improving cross regulation by keeping the rectifiers on and the outputs coupled (via transformer action) fora larger fraction of each power conversion cycle. The LTC3806 also uses synchronous rectification to reduce rectifier voltage drops, improving converter efficiency and load regulation. RRRER [ Ferctase bootMagnetic Parts Editor Dennis Fitzpatrick, in Analog Design and Simulation Using OrCAD Capture and PSpice (Second Edition), 2018 Exercise 3 The flyback converter will be tested using the circuit in Fig. 21.26. 1. Draw the circuit in Fig. 21.26. The voltage-controlled switch is from the analog library, the pulse source is from the source library and the diode is from the diode library. In the Project Manager add the newly created library for the transformer by selecting the library folder, rmb > Add File and browse to the Flyback.olb library ‘The flyback.olb library will appear in the Place Part menu. Place the transformer as shown in Fig. 21.26. 2. You have to make the flyback.lib PSpice library available for the design. Create a PSpice simulation profile, PSpice > New Simulation Profile, and set up a transient analysis for 10 ms. Select Configuration Files > Library, browse to the flyback.lb file and click on Add to Design (Fig. 21.27). 3. Select PSpice > Markers > Voltage > Differential and place the first marker on the out] net. The second differential marker will appear automaticaly, which you need to place on the out2 net. The output voltage of the flyback converter is negative; hence the most positive differential marker is placed on out2. Run the simulation. 4. You should see that the output voltage is larger than 12 V (Fig, 21.28). As the maximum duty cycle was specified as 45%, this can be decreased to reduce the output voltage. With a duty cycle of 15% (Ton is 3 ys) the ‘output voltage reduces to just over 12 V with < 100 mV of ripple. The current measured through RI is just, ‘over 510 mA with <5 mA of ripple (Fig. 21.28). RE [_Perctase book Power Electronics Converters—An Overview Yam P. Siwakoti,... Ngoc Ha Pham, in Control of Power Electronic Converters and Systems, 2018 1.4.2.1 Flyback Converter Flyback converters are a type of isolated buck-boost DC-DC converter that use a coupled inductor instead of an isolation AC transformer that is shown in Fig. 1.27A. The flyback converter store energy in the ON state of the switch while transferring it to the load in the OFF state of the switch. The voltage gain of the flyback converter is theoretically infinite. Due to the fact that in this converter the energy transfer is not directly itis only practicable for low power applications (usually below 100 W). Moreover, by tapping the secondary winding of the coupled inductor, this converter can provide multiple outputs [18} BREE [rst |Power Factor Correction Circuits Abdallah Kouzou, in Power Electronics Handbook (Fourth Edi 16.5.1.4 Flyback Converter Flyback converter is an isolated converter whose topology is presented in Fig. 16.40A; its input current waveform 2018 is shown in Fig. 16.40B, and it is presented by the following equation: (16.36) It can be seen clearly that this current is similar to the buck-boost converter input current, where Lis the ‘magnetizing inductance of the output transformer. The averaged input current of this converter can be found according to Eq, (16.36) as follows: (16.37) ‘The average line current or the average input current of the rectifier during one switching cycle is given as follows: (16.38) Therefore, the flyback converter topology has the same input I-V characteristic as the buck-boost converter topology, and hence, it has the same input voltage and input current waveforms as shown in Fig. 16.40C. Comparing with buck-boost converter, flyback converter has all the advantages of the buck-boost converter. What's more, input-output isolation can be provided by flyback converter. These advantages make flyback converter well suitable for PFC with DCM input technique. Comparing with boost converter, the flyback converter has better PFC, and the output voltage can be either higher or lower than the input voltage. However, due to the Use of power transformer, the flyback converter has some drawbacks such as high d/d, noise, lower efficiency, and lower density (larger size and heavier weight) [1]. RRA [_Percrese book Micropower isolated flyback converter with input voltage range from 6V to 100V Zhongming Ye, in Analog Circuit Design, Volume Three, 2015 IntroductionFlyback converters are widely used in isolated DC/DC applications because of their relative simplicity and low cost compared to alternative isolated topologies. Even so, designing a traditional flyback is not easy—the transformer requires careful design, and loop compensation is complicated by the well known right-half plane (RHP) zero and the propagation delay of the optocoupler. Linear Technology's no-opto flyback converters, such as the LT3573, T3574, LT3575, LT3511 and LT3512, simplify the design of flyback converters by incorporating a primary-side sensing scheme and running the converter in boundary mode. The LT8300 high voltage monolithic isolated flyback converter further simplifies flyback design by integrating a 260mA, 150V DMOS power switch, an internal compensation network and a soft-start capacitor. The LT8300 operates with input supply voltages from 6V to 100V and delivers output power of up to 2 with as few as five external components. ‘The LT8300 operates in boundary mode and offers low ripple Burst Mode operation, enabling the design of converters that feature high efficiency, low component count and minimal power loss in standby. RRR | Perctese book DCM Boost Converter with Voltage-Mode Control Keng Wu, in Power Converters with Digital Filter Feedback Control, 2016 7.1 Selecting discontinuous conduction mode Flyback converters presented in Chapters 3 and 434 operate in DCM for reasons that are not discussed here. It turns out that boost converters operating in DCM invite less trouble in designing control strategy for the same reason. Therefore, at this point, we will examine the rationale opting for DCM. First, a fundamental difference regarding inductor operation exists between the forward converter group and the flyback/boost category. Inductor Lin Figure 1.1 does not work as an energy storage device, in contrast to the coupled inductor in Figure 3.1 which stores energy when turned on and releases it when turned off. The alternation, if operating in CCM mode, presents a subtle and unintended consequence. Here is how the undesirable effect liesback (Figure 3.3), or boosts (Figure 7.1) if CCM exhibits in time domain. In steady state, the inductor and output switch (diode) currents of both converters look like Figure 7.2. In either case, the output current |, equals to the average of the pulsating output diode current; I, = I,(1-D), I, = inductor average current. However, when, for example, load demand increases, |, and Jp shal increase accordingly. I, does increase by extending the duty cycle, D. But the action actually decreases output |, since the factor (1D). This peculiar behavior, unique to only flyback and boost converter operating in CCM, is also given a name, right-half-plane zero (RHP zero), in the study of control mechanism. We attempt here to prove the existence of the RHP zero in the power train of the boost converter. Referring to Figure 7.1, the following state space matrices are obtained; (7.1a) for ON-time, while (7.1b) for OFF-time. (7a) (7.1b)With symbolic processing, (A.16) gives The duty eycle-to-output transfer function clearly shows a RHP zero; a numerator with a positive zero, $= [(1-D)'R,-nJ/L. Such a factor yields a higher gain with diminishing phase, a potential response leading to instability that shall be avoided, Therefore DCM, which has three states and will not cause to squeeze OFF-time, is selected for this chapter's presentation. RAR | Perctese book