The Centenary Trail Program

Introduction:

The Centenary Trail is a 145 kilometre self-guided, non-motorised loop trail for walkers and touring
cyclists that showcases Canberra and takes users on a journey between urban and rural
environments past iconic sites and hidden treasures.

The Centenary Trail is divided into daily sections, spaced for walkers and bike riders. Users are able
to join or leave the trail in many locations.

Program Scope and Sequence:

The Centenary Trail Program is an alternative learning provision under the Continuum of Education.
The program takes place over 14 days where the participants hike the Centenary Trail for one day a
week with a focus on the classroom being outdoors. Included in the program is a multitude of
opportunities to cover the relevant Achievement Standards form the Australian Curriculum,
development of 21st Century Skills (Collaboration, Communication, Creativity and Critical Thinking)
which are mapped to the General Capabilities for each relevant year level.

The program is designed for students in year 7-10. Evidence of learning is collected using smart
phones and an app called Wabisabi. This app collects evidence of learning in real time when on
program. A link to the Wabisabi Learning page is below. https://wabisabilearning.com/

Additional experiences are included in the program that focuses on giving back and altruism. We call
this our service element to the program and community. An example of this is tree planting and the
reinvigoration of the ecosystems identified.

Links with other professionals are encouraged. Professionals like rangers and scientists are
connected to add value to the experience of the program.
Program schedule:
Weeks 1 and 2 (Section 1 - Parliament House to Watson)
Map - https://www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/508512/Map-of-Section-
1-from-Parliament-House-to-Watson.pdf

Distance - Walk 20.6 km

Time - approx 7 hours*

*Approximate walk times are calculated at 3km/hour. Allow more time for stops if required.

 Parliament House
 Museum of Australian Democracy
 National Gallery Australia
 National Portrait Gallery
 High Court of Australia
 War Memorials of Anzac Parade
 Australian War Memorial

Enjoy the following nature reserves that form part of Canberra Nature Park along this section:

 Mount Ainslie
 Mount Majura.

Discoveries -

1. Scriveners Camp

This location, near the site of the Capital's early surveyors' camp,
is a good place to think about the thousands of workers who
built the new Capital out of its isolated bush beginnings.

With no housing available, the workers who came to Canberra

lived through the extremes of summer and winter in tented
camps. Several labour camps were located nearby on Capital Hill,
close to the major work sites of Parliament House and Hotel
Canberra.

By 1927, most of the tented camps across Canberra were replaced by simple pine huts, with many
evolving into hostels. The Hillside Hostel, built nearby on Capital Hill, housed the post-war migrant
tradesmen who found work in Canberra in the 1940s. Once a familiar part of the landscape, the
Capital Hill camps disappeared in the 1960s.

After the surveying work was done, the workmen arrived. The No. 1 Mess, Labourer's Camp on
Capital Hill, housed 1,200 men during the 1920s. This was a camp for single men, but other camps
across Canberra housed married workers and their families.
 The Provisional Parliament House was completed in 1927 but
Canberra lacked trees after many decades of grazing. Large
numbers of workers were involved in building the landscape and
infrastructure of the Capital for decades to come. This image
shows the landscaping around Parliament House, underway in
1926.

Credit: Photo taken by William James Mildenhall, Parliament

House landscape development with horse teams, 1926. From the
collection of the National Archives of Australia. NAA: A3560, 863.

2. Canberra's Designed Landscape

This section of the trail passes through Canberra's most

significant designed landscape—the sweeping vista
linking the Australian War Memorial to Parliament
House.

In recent decades, the War Memorial and Parliament

have become defining elements of the city's grand land
axis. Walter Burley Griffin, in his original 1912 plan,
imagined the central national area as a space
symbolising the democratic relationship between the
Australian people, their government and their capital
city.

Over the last 100 years, Australia's key national institutions have been constructed within this
carefully designed and highly symbolic space, though not in the positions that Griffin had placed
them. The monuments, mounds and walkways within the vista commemorate important national
events, issues and individuals, including war and reconciliation.

The 1912 Griffin plan for Canberra featured a land axis, a water axis and a Capitol building (at the top
of Capital Hill) intended to recognise Australian aspiration, achievement and ideals. The Parliament
was situated further down the hill. For Griffin, the people in a democracy must always take
precedence over their elected representatives.

Credit:1953 map based on Griffin's design, White, Canberra: A Nation's Capital.

3. Protecting Canberra Nature Park

This part of the trail passes through the Canberra Nature Park. An interconnected nature reserve
within and around the city, these parks are what make Canberra unique.

Nature reserves were a key part of the city's early planning. Before the city began, the
Commonwealth had determined that the hills of the Capital should be wooded. Led by
horticulturalist, Charles Weston, a comprehensive planting program was mobilised across the city
and Canberra's hills were progressively reforested.
 Over the last 100 years, the rich natural ecosystems have progressively
improved and today places like Mount Majura are a haven for native
wildlife. The work of Volunteer ParkCare groups plays an important part
in protecting these reserves. Here at Mount Majura, a small group of
dedicated volunteers with the help of ACT Parks and Conservation
Service, actively manage invasive pests and replant native species.

Credit: Photo taken by Margaret Clough, image reproduced courtesy of

Mount Ainslie Weeders

Weeks 3 and 4 (Section 2 - Watson to Northern Border Campsite)

Map – https://www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/508515/Map-of-Section-
2-from-Watson-to-Northern-Border-Campsite.pdf

Distance - 18 km

Time - approx 7 hour walk

*Approximate walk times are calculated at 3km/hour. Allow more time for stops if required.

Important Information:

The temporary link from Majura Nature Reserve to Horse Park Drive has been closed. The original
route is open and sign posted along the Federal Highway past Hughie Edwards and under the
Federal Highway into the back of Goorooyaroo. Please follow directional signs in place while our
maps are being updated.

All users must stay to the formed Centenary Trail route. Shortcutting through nature reserves and
private land is not permitted and may lead to trail closures while attempts are made to rectify the
issue. There is no vehicle access to the Northern Border Camp ground. Walking and cycling to the
site along the trail is the only way to access this remote camp area. Do not attempt to access the
campground through private property - trespassers will be prosecuted.

There is no access to Gungahlin from the Northern Link - Forde to Hall Village - along the Centenary
Trail. The areas surrounding the trail corridor are private property and trespassers will be
prosecuted.

No dogs, horses or motorbikes are permitted on the Northern Link. This trail section is located in a
high fire risk area, always check fire risk levels on the ESA website before setting out.

Points of interest along this section include:

 Hughie Edwards VC Rest Area on the Remembrance Driveway

 Goorooyaroo Nature Reserve
 Mulligans Flat Woodland Sanctuary
  Northern Border Rest Area and Campsite. Bookings essential and fees apply.

Discoveries -

1. Commemorative Trees—Living Memorials

Trees are an important part of the story of Canberra. Many have

symbolic meanings or commemorate significant national events.

This part of the trail follows a section of the Remembrance

Driveway, a planted tribute to Australians who served in the
Second World War and subsequent conflicts. Commenced in
1954, it covers a 320 kilometre section of the Federal Highway
which links Sydney to Canberra.

The idea of planting street trees as war memorials was promoted in Great Britain following the end
of the WWI in 1918. Mrs Margaret Davis established the Garden Club of Australia and championed
the concept of a Remembrance Driveway after the conclusion of the WWII. The ambitious project
took many years to be implemented and, as a living memorial, continues to evolve.

Concluding at Remembrance Park, behind the Australian War Memorial, the Remembrance
Driveway is an integral part of the symbolic landscape of Canberra.

The ambitious project took many years to be established and continues to evolve. This image from
1967 shows one of the many avenues planted along the Federal Highway in Canberra.

Credit: Unknown, Remembrance Drive, Canberra, 31 January 1968. From the collection of the
National Archives of Australia. NAA: A7973, INT1010/6.

2. Ngunnawal Natural Resource Management—Canberra's Woodlands

To Aboriginal people, burning Country is important to maintaining a healthy

landscape, regenerating resources, providing accessibility for hunting, and
for spiritual and cultural purposes.

The Ngunnawal name for fire is 'Kanbi', and its use was based on a deep
understanding of natural systems and cycles. Caring for Country is an
essential part of Aboriginal spirituality. These intimate interactions and
relationships were maintained through customary lore and stories past
down for thousands of generations.

Each member of the community was given the responsibility of different

species of plants and animals, called 'Ngulli' (totems). The community worked together as a highly
efficient network to observe and maintain the cultural balance of the traditional landscape. The
systematic use of Kanbi by Ngunnawal people maintained the open woodlands that shaped the
Canberra region. Today Ngunnawal fire knowledge is being integrated into the bushfire
management in the ACT. A return to cultural burning practices is the main management tool being
used to protect and ensure the growth of a healthy community of animals, plants and people within
the landscape.
 Fire is a critical ecological process in temperate woodlands. Since European settlement, fire regimes
have been largely disrupted. Experimental burning is taking place here as part of the woodland
restoration.

Weeks 5 and 6 (Section 3 - Northern Border Campsite to Hall Village)

Map - https://www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/508517/Map-of-Section-
3-from-Northern-Border-Campsite-to-Hall-Village.pdf

Distance – 14.5 km

Time - approx 5 hour walk

*Approximate walk times are calculated at 3km/hour. Allow more time for stops if required.

The Northern Link - Distance from Forde to Hall Village

Please note that the distance from Forde to Hall Village is a total of 19km excluding the up and back
walk to One Tree Hill summit. If you include the summit walk, the total distance is close to 20kms.
The 14.5km distance listed above is the distance from the Northern Border Campsite (approximately
6km from Forde) to Hall Village including the summit track.

Important Information:

There is no access to Gungahlin from this section of the trail. The areas surrounding the trail corridor
are private property and trespassers will be prosecuted.

No dogs, horses or motorbikes are permitted on the Northern Link – Forde to hall Village.

This trail section is located in a fire risk area, always check fire risk levels before setting out on the
ESA website. If moving anti-clockwise, Section 3 takes walkers and cyclists from the Northern Border
Campsite to Hall Village.

Points of interest along this section include:

 ACT border markers

 One Tree Hill summit for walkers only
 Discoveries
 Planning the Capital—Surveyor's Stories

One Tree Hill has a special significance for the surveyors, past and
present, who have helped to shape our National Capital. It played a
vital role in the first surveys of the Canberra area; by Robert Dixon in
1829 and Robert Hoddle in 1832. Dixon and Hoddle were sent from
Sydney to survey the first land grants in the Canberra region. They
used One Tree Hill as a high point from which to review the area and a
landmark from which they could get their bearings.
Many decades later, One Tree Hill was visited by Charles Scrivener at the start of an even more
important survey. Scrivener was chosen by the Commonwealth Government in late 1908 to make 'a
thorough topographical investigation of the Yass-Canberra district' in order to establish the best site
for the Nation's Capital. As Minister for Home Affairs, Hugh Mahon instructed Scrivener to 'bear in
mind that the Federal Capital should be a beautiful city ... embracing distinctive features which will
lend themselves to the evolution of a design worthy of the object, not only for the present, but for
all time ...'

The view of the Molonglo Valley from this point influenced Scrivener's recommendations on the
boundaries of the Capital Territory and the site for the future city of Canberra.

Percy Sheaffe, one of the surveyors appointed by Scrivener to

survey the ACT border, started from Mount Coree in May 1910 and
took several months to mark the straight line between there and
here. Sheaffe later wrote of the ACT border survey: 'In places the
country encountered was so rough that the party carrying out the
survey had to crawl on all fours, measure over precipices, and
descend in one mile about 1,500 feet.'

As well as being a 'corner' in the ACT border, One Tree Hill became
part of a network of hilltop trigonometric (trig) stations. During the
late nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, surveyors used
theodolites and the triangulation method to survey these trig
stations which can still be found across most of Australia.

Photo of Charles Scrivener 1855 -1923. Text and image supplied by the Surveying and Special
Sciences Institute.

Weeks 7 and 8 (Section 4 - Hall Village to Black Mountain)

Map - https://www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/508518/Map-of-Section-
4-from-Hall-Village-to-Frith-Road,-Black-Mountain.pdf

Distance – 19.2 km

Time - approx 6.5 hour walk

*Approximate walk times are calculated at 3km/hour. Allow more time for stops if required.

If moving anti-clockwise, Section 4 takes walkers and cyclists from Hall Village to Black Mountain
Nature Reserve.

Important Information:

Cyclists must dismount prior to the entry to the AIS Swimming Centre (off Leverrier Crescent, Bruce)
and remain off their bikes until Alisa Camplin Place if travelling anti-clockwise. Dismount at Alisa
Camplin Place if travelling clockwise.
Points of interest along this section include:

 the Federation Village of Hall

 Belconnen Town Centre
 John Knight Park, Belconnen
 Gossan Hill Nature Reserve
 The Australian Institute of Sport (AIS)
 Black Mountain Nature Reserve

Discoveries -

1. Rural Past—Resumed by the Commonwealth

On 1 January 1911, over 2,280 square kilometres of land was acquired by the Commonwealth to
establish the Federal Capital Territory. The resumption abruptly changed the lives of the area's 1,700
residents.

Shocked locals found they had lost the right to vote, could no longer sell their land on the open
market and had no surety of leasing their land back once acquired by the government. For those
who stayed, it was as temporary tenants only.

The region's small rural communities fractured and

dispersed. Hall, on the edge of the ACT, is one of the
few pre-Federation villages to remain.

Today, Hall is a reminder of the small but proud rural

communities that were relocated to create the
Capital at Canberra.

In 1911, Hall was the area's largest settlement. These

boys attended the newly opened Hall School.
Suddenly part of the new Capital, the residents of
Hall had their expectations of the future turned upside down. Credit: Image reproduced with
permission of the Hall School Museum.

2. Building the New Towns—The Planning of Canberra's Expansion

The role of the town planner in Canberra has always been an important
one. Here within the heart of one of Canberra's 'new towns', the work of
the nation's planners is all around us.

Belconnen, the second new town after Woden, was established in 1966
when Canberra was growing faster than any other Australian city. Its
streets, stormwater, suburbs and schools were carefully planned and
implemented by the National Capital Development Commission.

Open space and landscape were integral to the new towns. Generous
reserves, parks, playing fields, street trees and open front gardens are a
key feature of the planned landscape. Much of the trail passes through these interlinking open space
networks that are unique to Canberra

The new towns were planned to be self-sufficient, providing local employment and facilities to
reduce the need to commute between areas of Canberra. Places like Belconnen Mall expanded
rapidly with settlement of the area.

Credit: Unknown, Christmas shoppers at Belconnen Mall, Australian Capital Territory, 1982. From
the collection of the National Archives of Australia. NAA: A6153 K4/1/82/66.

Weeks 9 and 10 (Section 5 - Black Mountain to Stromlo Forest Park)

Map – https://www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/508519/Map-of-Section-
5-from-Frith-Toad,-Black-Mountain-to-Stromlo-Forest-Park.pdf

Distance - Walk 21.1 km

Time - approx 7 hours*

*Approximate walk times are calculated at 3km/hour. Allow more time for stops if required.

Points of interest along this section include:

 summit of Black Mountain for walkers only

 Aranda Bushlands
 Cork Oak Plantation, National Arboretum Canberra
 Visitors Centre National Arboretum Canberra
 ACT Bushfire Memorial
 Stromlo Forest Park.
 William Hovell Drive Underpass

Please note you will be sharing this narrow underpass with horse riders. Some horses are easily
frightened by bicycles. A frightened horse can be a danger to its rider and to you.

Discoveries -

1. Sport—Canberra's National Facilities

Today, Canberra residents can enjoy sports at both the local and national levels of competition.

It wasn't until well into the 1920s that community sporting clubs and facilities were developed and
made available for public use. The booming number of public servants and their families arriving
from Melbourne in 1927 put pressure on the Federal Capital Commission to provide amenities that
would turn the new settlement into a community.

Sports ovals, tennis courts, a golf course, racing track and river swimming hole featured in the early
suburban settlement around Acton. Modern Canberra suburbs now feature public sports facilities as
a part of their planned design.
 As the National Capital, Canberra is also home to the world class
Australian Institute of Sport at Bruce, and Stromlo Forest Park which
hosted the 2009 UCI Mountain Bike & Trials World Championships.

In the 1920s, women in Canberra were outnumbered by men, three

to one. A Women's Sports Association was formed in 1927 to lobby
for sporting facilities. Above, the then Prime Minister's wife,
Margaret Whitlam, opens the 1973 season of the Canberra Croquet
Club.

Credit: Canberra Croquet Club Records. From the collection of ACT

Heritage Library, HMSS 0084.

Weeks 11 and 12 (Section 6 - Stromlo Forest Park to Tuggeranong Town

Centre*)
Map – https://www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/508520/Map-of-Section-
6-from-Stromlo-Forest-Park-to-Tuggeranong-Town-Centre.pdf

Distance - Walk 21.1 km

Time - approx 7 hours*

There are some steeper sections of track along Section 6 that may be unsuitable for younger or less
skilled cyclists. The majority of this section of trail along the Murrumbidgee River has a difficulty
rating, under the International Mountain Biking Association (IMBA) Trail Difficulty Rating System, of
easy with some sections of intermediate. Intermediate trails are described under the rating system
as having some steep sections of maximum 20% grade and some sections of rocky or loose tread. In
these areas a good standard of fitness is required. Consider your ability and that of your group
before heading out and be prepared to dismount if concerned about the trail grade.

There are also a number of locked gates within the reserve area along the Murrumbidgee River and
cyclists are required to lift their bikes over the gates at these points. The number of locked gates
required in this section is currently under review.

Points of interest along the section include:

 Cooleman Ridge Nature Reserve

 Kambah Pool and the Murrumbidgee River, Bullen Range Nature Reserve
 Red Rocks Gorge
 Tuggeranong Wall

Discoveries

1. Mount Arawang Trig

 Trigonometric (trig) stations like the one at the top of Mount Arawang
can be found on hilltops throughout the ACT.

The characteristic white metal quadripods with black discs above were
installed in the 1970s as part of the ACT Precision Zone, a national
geodetic survey. The ACT Precision Zone and its associated marks have
been the main surveying infrastructure for all new development in the
ACT since the early 1970s.

Survey practice at the time involved setting over ground marks and
reading angles to other marks using theodolites. The quadripod is a
considerable advantage over other systems. Old rock cairn trigs needed
to be dismantled to expose the ground mark before any angle
observations could take place. The advantage of the ACT quadripod design is that it allows a
surveyor to set up over a mark cited directly under the quadripod. Highly accurate, they remain a
distinctive feature of the ACT's hilltops.

The Arawang trig station was established for the surveying of the Tuggeranong sewer tunnel. The
trig station and Mount Arawang take their name from a homestead located nearby.

Skylarking or conducting repairs, these men are atop of the now long gone timber trig beacon at
Mount Ainslie in 1925.

Credit: Unknown, Trig Station on Top of Mount Ainslie, Canberra, c.1925. From the collection of
National Library of Australia. NLA: nla.pic-vn4599699..

2. Once the Legal Limit of Settlement

The Murrumbidgee River, with the Brindabella Range beyond, once formed a formidable barrier for
travel and settlement. For a long time this was the limit of the region's pastoral settlement. The river
marked the edge of the County of Murray and the boundary for legal occupation by pastoral
settlement.

It was only after 1836 that settlers could legally lease land on the
other side of the Murrumbidgee. Those who did had few safe
places to cross the unpredictable river. Residents lobbied for a
bridge to be built nearby at Red Rocks Gorge, but the site of
Tharwa, further south, was chosen.

Now located within the Murrumbidgee River Corridor, the Bullen

Range Nature Reserve remains a tranquil place where the beauty
of Canberra's changing landscapes can be appreciated.

Swimming or picnicking at Kambah Pool is a Canberra tradition. This picture shows a group of
walkers enjoying the area in 1928. Credit: Unknown, Murrumbidgee River downstream from
Kambah pool with a group of walkers. From the collection of the National Archives of Australia. NAA:
A3560, 4885.
Weeks 13 and 14 (Section 7 - Tuggeranong Town Centre to Parliament House)
Map – https://www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/508521/Map-of-Section-
7-from-Tuggeranong-Town-Centre-to-Parliament-House.pdf

Distance - Walk 28 km

Time - approx 9.5 hours

Points of interest along this section include:

 Tuggeranong Town Centre

 Isaacs Ridge Nature Reserve
 Red Hill Nature Reserve
 Summit of Red Hill for walkers only.

Note:

Rose Cottage Horse Paddocks - The section of trail that leads through the Rose Cottage Horse
Paddocks may be diverted during times of grazing. Please follow the alternate route in this area as
marked by temporary signage during these times.

Discoveries

1. New Towns—Canberra Planned Suburbs

Tuggeranong emerged in 1973, the third of Canberra's planned 'new towns'. The dry stone wall not
far from here is a reminder that this was once the edge of large pastoral landholdings.

Carefully laid out in the open fields of the Isabella Plains, Tuggeranong was established with a town
centre focused around the created Lake Tuggeranong.

To many, the new towns were ideal. The ordered

streets and houses were a refreshing change from
the narrow streets and cramped housing of
Australia's older cities.

One hundred years on and cities have a changing

relationship with their outer suburbs. Walking
through Tuggeranong's suburbs you might like to
think about the continued expansion of Canberra
over the next 100 years.

View of the Brindabella Hills in 1974 as the new

suburb was being developed.

Credit:Unknown, View of Woden and Tuggeranong

from the hills, 1974. From the collection of the National Archives of Australia. NAA: A6180,
18/2/74/3.
 2. Between the suburbs - Canberra's Remnant Native Woodlands

This part of the trail follows the suburbs of Tuggeranong to Isaacs Ridge and Mount Mugga Mugga
Nature Reserve. The lower slopes of Mount Mugga Mugga are part of the nationally endangered Box
Gum woodland ecological community that survives across the ACT.

Box-Gum woodlands once covered large areas of the

lower slopes of the eastern Australian tablelands from
Queensland to Victoria. These open landscapes with
grassy ground cover were likely the result of
Aboriginal land management practices and were
highly valued by early pastoralists. Land clearing and
grazing damage the carefully balanced ecological
communities; and today few areas of intact woodland
remain.

The nature reserves in this area are part of the

Canberra Nature Park. An important part of our city's planning, the Canberra Nature Park forms a
network throughout urban Canberra and protects native ecosystems like the grassy woodlands.

Seasonal finds in the grassy woodlands. Photographer Carolyn Young's images capture the diversity
of the woodlands as well as the invasive weeds threatening their survival.

Credit: Carolyn Young, Grassy Woodlands, 2013. Image reproduced with permission of the artist

All trail users should consider the following:

 your fitness level and that of others with you

 tell someone where you are going
 carry plenty of water
 take healthy snacks such as fruit, nuts and seeds
 carry a map or information sheet
 carry a mobile phone
 take a waterproof jacket
 wear comfortable and sturdy walking shoes
 wear a broad brimmed hat, long sleeves and sunscreen

Camping

The Northern Border Campground is a bush camping site located near the border of NSW, north of
Gungahlin on the Centenary Trail. Facilities include a pit toilet, bike racks, covered picnic tables and
shaded grassy tent sites. There is space for two tents undercover if required.

Bookings are essential and fees apply. No more than 30 people are permitted to camp at the site at
one time.

Please note:
  Tank water is available however, is not for drinking.
 There is no vehicle access to this campground. Access is only by foot or bicycle via the trail
corridor between Forde and Hall Village. The campground is 6.5 kilometres from Amy
Ackman Street in Forde and 12.5 kilometres from Hall Village.
 The surrounding areas are private property and entry is not permitted.
 No fires permitted at the campground.
 The campground and the Northern Link section of the Centenary Trail (Forde to Hall Village)
are closed during a Total Fire Ban.
 No horses permitted on the Centenary Trail.
 No bins are provided. Please take your rubbish home.
 Rangers visit the campground regularly to ensure compliance.

Explore The Trail:

Ngunnawal Country: purchase a cultural heritage

map and explore 25,000 years of Aboriginal history
through the eyes of the Ngunnawal people.

View from Mt. Arawang View south from Mt

Arawang on the Centenary Trail.

Our rural past: enjoy a cold drink and stock up on supplies in the
pre-Federation village of Hall on the edge of the ACT. Learn the
history of the small rural communities that were re-located to
make way for the capital.

Hall school boys in 1911

In 1911, Hall was the area's largest settlement. These boys

attended the newly opened Hall School. Suddenly part of the
new Capital, the residents of Hall had their expectations of the
future turned upside down.

The northern border: follow in the steps of the capital's surveyors in 1910 as
they walked from One Tree Hill to Forde marking the border of NSW. Camp out
under the stars at the northern border campsite on route from One Tree Hill to
Mulligans Flat.

Timber post

The border surveyors left markers along the new boundary such as timber and
iron posts, engraved reference trees and rock piles. Many of these markers
remain as reminders that this is the edge of the Territory. Photography by
Anthony Burton, 2013.
 Urban forest: over three million trees have been
planted in Canberra during the last 100 years. View
the magnificent urban forests of Canberra from
Mount Ainslie, Black Mountain, the National
Arboretum Canberra and Red Hill.

View from Mount Ainslie in 1961

Looking from Mount Ainslie to Federal Parliament

House in 1961. This evolving landscape would, in
1964, include a lake. By the mid-1960s, Anzac Parade
had also emerged as a formal avenue between the
Australian War Memorial and (Provisional, now Old)
Parliament House. 1967 http://photos.naa.gov.au/photo/Default.aspx?id=30451541 (AWM)

New towns: Canberra's urban planning is unique. Take

the trail through the Parliamentary Triangle, Canberra
City, Belconnen and Tuggeranong to experience first-
hand how Canberra was planned.

Ginninderra Drive

The new towns were set outside of Canberra's wooded

hills and linked by connector roads within wide
landscape corridors. This image shows Ginninderra
Drive at its intersection with Gungahlin Drive. Janine
Sharp, Ginninderra & Gungahlin Drive, 2012. Image reproduced with permission from photographer.

The bush capital: experience 10 of Canberra's nature reserves from

bushland hills to some of the best examples of lowland native
grasslands and endangered Box Gum Woodland. Take a dip at Kambah
Pool or admire the beauty of the Murrumbidgee River from the lookout
near Red Rocks Gorge.

Bod Gum woodlands

Box Gum woodlands are characterised by the presence of Blakey's Red

Gum (Eucalyptus blakelyi) and Yellow Box (Eucalyptus melliodora) with
a diverse grassy understory.
Red Rocks Gorge

Red Rocks Gorge, Murrumbidgee River Corridor, Bullen

Range Nature Reserve.