CALCULATION OF AIR-SIDE RESISTANCES FROM STEAM AND WATER COIL TESTS (Imperial Units, IP)

AHRI CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR FORCED-CIRCULATION AIR-COOLING AND AIR-HEATING COILS

Company: Date:
Coil Line: Coil Type: Choose
Solution Procedure
Steps for Specific Coil Surface:
Coil Application
Choose Surface Condition
Item Abbr. GENERAL PROCEDURE
Item No.

Dimensions

Numerical
Input and
Formulas
Water Coils
Steam
Category

Item Description
General

Coils Calculation Procedure

Wetted
Surface

Surface
Fully-
Dry

1 1 1 1 Ao Total External Coil Surface (See Form 410-1) ft2

Coil Physical Data

2 2 2 2 Di Tube Inside Diameter (See Form 410-1) in

3 3 3 3 B Surface Ratio (See Form 410-1) --

- 4 4 4 Nc Number of Tube Circuits in Coil --

- 5 5 5 Aix Total Cross-Sectional Fluid Flow Area = (π/4)*(Di/12)2*Nc ft2

4 6 6 6 Nr Coil Depth in Rows --

7 7 7 Ls Straight Tube Length per Pass in

8 8 8 Ls/Di Straight Tube Length per Pass/Tube Diameter -

Test Run Test Run Test Run

1 2 3
5 9 9 9 Ps Avg. Absolute Static Pressure at Test Coil in Hg abs
, Forms 33TD-3 (water) or 33TD-4 (steam)
servation and Calculations Obtained from

6 10 10 10 t1db Entering Air Dry-Bulb Temperature °F

- 11 11 11 t1wb Entering Air Wet-bulb Temperature °F

- - 12 12 h1 Entering Air Enthalpy Btu/lb

7 12 13 13 t2db Leaving Air Dry-Bulb Temperature °F

- - 14 14 h2 Leaving Air Enthalpy Btu/lb

- 13 15 15 tw1 Entering Water Temperature °F

- 14 16 16 tw2 Leaving Water Temperature °F

Page 1 of 16 Form 410-2 (IP Units)

 Laboratory Test Observation and Calculatio
ASHRAE Std 33-2000, Forms 33TD-3 (water)
- 15 17 17 ww Water Flow Rate lb / h

8 - - 18 tvmg Mean Saturated Steam Temp in Coil Circuit °F

9 16 18 19 qs Average Sensible Heat Transfer Capacity Btu/h

- 17 19 20 qt Average Total Heat Transfer Capacity Btu/h

10 18 20 21 va Standard Air Face Velocity std. ft/min

- 19 21 22 twm Mean Water Temperature Inside Tubes twm = 0.5(tw1+tw2) °F 0 0 0

11 20 - 23 ΔPst Isothermal Dry Surface Air-Side Pressure Drop at Standard Conditions in H2O

- - 22 24 ΔPsW Wet Surface Air-Side Pressure Drop at Standard Conditions in H2O

Sensible Heat Ratio

- 21 23 25 qs/qt - If < 0.95, coil surface is all wet or partially dry. Ratio = qs/qt -- 0.00 0.00 0.00
- If ≥ 0.95, coil surface is fully dry.

- 22 24 26 Vw Average Standard Water Velocity = (ww)/(62.361*3600*Aix) ft/s 0.00 0.00 0.00

12 23 - 27 Δtm Logarithmic Mean Temp Difference between Air and Heating or

Cooling Fluid

Select Coil Type Above °F 0.00 0.00 0.00

Select Coil Type Above 0.00 0.00 0.00

Δtm = (t2db-t1db) /
For Single Tube Steam Coils: (ln((tvmg-t1db)/(tvmg-t2db)))
°F 0.00 0.00 0.00

Δtm = ((t1db-tw2)-(t2db-tw1))/
For Thermal Counterflow* Cold Water Coils: °F 0.00 0.00 0.00
(ln((t1db-tw2)/(t2db-tw1)))
Δtm = ((tw2-t1db)-(tw1-t2db))/
For Thermal Counterflow Hot Water Coils: (ln((tw2-t1db)/(tw1-t2db)))
°F 0.00 0.00 0.00

*If other than thermal counter-flow, determine mean temp difference from Figs 13, 14 and enter Δtm
12* 23* values in this row for Test Runs 1 thru 4
°F 0.00 0.00 0.00

13 24 28 R Overall Thermal Resistance Between Air and Heating or Cooling Fluid R = (Ao*Δtm)/qs h·ft2·°F /Btu 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

14 25 29 Plot R vs. Va on logarithmic coordinates as shown in Fig. 3. This curve is used in obtaining steam coil --
application ratings.
26 25 30 ρw Density of Water at Mean Water Temp., twm lb/ft3

Page 2 of 16 Form 410-2 (IP Units)

 27 26 31 cpw Specific Heat of Water at Mean Water Temp., twm Btu/lb·°F

28 27 32 μw Dynamic Viscosity of Water at Mean Water Temp., twm lb/ft·h

29 28 33 kw Thermal Conductivity of Water at Mean Water Temp., twm Btu·ft/ h·ft2·°F

30 29 34 Prw Prandtl Number of Water at Mean Water Temp, twm = cpw*μw/kw - 0.00 0.00 0.00

31 30 35 Prw2/3 = (cpw*μw/kw)2/3 - 0.00 0.00 0.00

32 31 36 Gw Mass Velocity of Water at Mean Water Temp., twm = ww/Aix lb/h·ft2 0 0 0

33 32 37 Rew Reynolds Number of Water at Mean Water Temp., twm Rew = Gw*Di/(12*μw) -

34 33 38 jw Colburn j Factor from Fig. 17 with Rew and Ls/Di -

(μtw/ Initial Estimate Dynamic Viscosity Ratio (VRinit) For water cooling coils
35 34 39 μw).14 use initial estimate of 0.98 and for water heating coils use initial
estimate of 1.03
init

36 35 40 fw(init) Initial Est. of Water Side Film Heat Transfer Coefficient jw*cpw*Gw/(Prw2/3*μtw/μw0.14) 0.0 0.0 0.0

37 36 41 Rw(init) Initial Estimate of Tube Side Film Thermal Resistance B/fw(init) h·ft2·°F /Btu 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

38 42 ttwm Initial Estimate of Mean Tube Wall Temperature ttwm = twm + (Rw(init)/R)*Δtm °F 0.00 0.00 0.00

39 43 μtwm Dynamic Viscosity of Water at Tube Wall Temp., ttwm lb/ft·h 2.892 2.998
RANSFER COEFFICIENTS FOR USE IN APPLICATION RATINGS

(μtw/ Calculated Dynamic Viscosity Ratio (VRcalc) If VRinit is not within 2 % of

40 44 μw).14 VRcalc , use VRcalc as new VRinit and recalculate starting with Item 39. 0.000 0.000 0.000
calc Otherwise, procede to next step
Water-Side Film Heat Transfer Coefficient If
41 45 fw VRinit is +/- 2 % of VRcalc , set fw equal to fw(init) * VRcalc / VRinit
fw = fw(init)*VRcalc/VRinit Btu/ h·ft2·°F 0.0 0.0 0.0

Rv Tube-Side Film Thermal Resistance, Steam Rv = B/2000 h·ft2·°F /Btu

* 42 46
Rw Tube-Side Film Thermal Resistance, for hot or cold water. Rw = B(1/fw) h·ft2·°F /Btu 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
Combined Air Film Plus Metal Thermal Resistance. Equals R - Rv or R - Rw h·ft2·°F /Btu 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
RaD +
* 43 47 Also, plot this vs. V on logarithmic coord as shown in Fig. 4. This curve is used for all sensible heat coils
RmD except steam coils.a

* 44 37 48 RaD Air Film Thermal Resistance for Dry Surface. For fully wet coils, use RaD From
R +R
Fig. 1, knowing
h·ft2·°F /Btu
from Fig. 4 as determined from dry coil tests aD mD

Plot RaD vs. Va on logarithmic coordinates as shown in Fig. 4. This curve is used in obtaining application
* 45 49 ratings for all sensible heat coils except steam coils.
--

Page 3 of 16 Form 410-2 (IP Units)

 CALCULATIONS TO DETERMINE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS F
46 38 50 faD Air-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient for Dry Surface faD = 1/RaD Btu/ h·ft2·°F 0.00 0.00 0.00

Assuming dry surface, obtain

47 39 51 RmD Total Metal Thermal Resistance of Fin and Tube. from Fig. 2 with faD h·ft2·°F /Btu

40 52 hm Mean Air Enthalpy hm = 0.5(h1+h2) Btu/lb 0.00 0.00 0.00

Approximate Coil Characteristics (cp assumed to be 0.243. See ASHRAE = (R +R )/(0.243*R )

41 53 C
33-2000 for further explanation) m w aw lb·°F /Btu 0.00 0.00 0.00

Approximate Mean Coil Surface Temp.

42 54 tsm From Fig. 9, with twm, hm, and C °F 57.00

Approx. Air-Side Heat Transfer Multiple for Wet Surface Coils.

43 55 m"/cp From Fig. 8 with P and t 2.67
s sm

Air Film Thermal Resistance for Wet Surface

44 56 RaW Note: Assume this value for trial and error solution. Suggest initial h·ft2·°F /Btu 0.0840
value should be same as RaD.

45 57 faW Approx. Air-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient for Wet Surface faW = (m"/cp)/RaW Btu/ h·ft2·°F 31.79

46 58 RmW Total Metal Thermal Resistance of Fin and Tube for Wet Surface
From Fig. 2 with f h·ft2·°F /Btu 0.0130
aW

47 59 C Coil Characteristic C = (Rw+RmW)/(0.243*RaW) lb·°F /Btu 0.64 0.00 0.00

48 60 ttwm Initial Estimate of Mean Tube Wall Temperature twm+(Rw/(Rw+RmW))*(tsm-twm) °F 0.0 0.0 0.0

49 61 μtwm Dynamic Viscosity of Water at Tube Wall Temp., ttwm lb/ft·h 2.9534

(μtw/ Calculated Dynamic Viscosity Ratio (VRcalc) If VRinit is not within 2 % of

50 62 μw).14 VRcalc , use VRcalc as new VRinit and recalculate starting at Item 39. - 0.000 0.000 0.000
calc Otherwise, procede to Item 63

Water-Side Film Heat Transfer Coefficient If

51 63 fw VRinit is +/- 2 % of VRcalc , set fw equal to fw(init) * VRcalc / VRinit
fw = fw(init)*VRcalc/VRinit Btu/ h·ft2·°F 0.0 0.0 0.0

52 64 Rw Tube-Side Film Thermal Resistance, for hot or cold water. Rw = B(1/fw) h·ft2·°F /Btu 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000

From Psychrometric Chart with

65 t1dp Entering Air Dew Point Temperature Ps, t1db, and t1wb °F

Note: Calculation of Dew Point Temp for Non-Standard Air Pressure*

pv = p'-[((ps-p')*(t1db-t1wb))/(2830-(1.44*t1wb))]
53
Where: ps = Air Pressure. p' = Sat. Vapor Press. at t1wb from steam tables. Pv = Saturation Vapor Press. at
Dew Point Temp.

Page 4 of 16 Form 410-2 (IP Units)

 53

Note: t1dp = Dew Point Temp. is Saturation Temp. Corresponding to Saturation Vapor Pressure, pv, from
Steam Tables.
54 66 ts1 Coil Surface Temp. on Entering Air Side °F

From Fig. 9 with h1, tw2, and C unless Ps varies more than 10.3 in. Hg from 29.92 in Hg. If it does, then
determine ts1 by trial and error using equation: ts1 = tw2 + C(h1-hs1). Correct hs1 for Ps, and use h1, tw2
and C. For fully-wetted coil, t1dp ≥ ts1. If t1dp < ts1, coil is partially wet and calculation
procedures may be determined from Form 410-6.
55 67 hs1 Saturated Air Enthalpy at Ps and ts1 Btu/lb
56 68 ts2 Coil Surface Temp. on Leaving Air Side °F

From Fig. 9 with h2, tw1, and C unless Ps varies more than 10.3 in. Hg (+/- 1.014 kPa) from 29.92 in Hg
(101.325 kPa). If it does, then determine ts2 by trial and error using equation: ts2 = tw1 + C(h2-hs2). Correct
hs2 for Ps, and use h2, tw1 and C. If t1dp < ts2, then coil is all dry

57 69 hs2 Saturated Air Enthalpy at Ps and ts2 Btu/lb

Δhm=((h1-hs1)-(h2-hs2)) /
58 70 Δhm Logarithmic Mean Enthalpy Difference between Air Stream and Coil Btu/lb 0.000 0.000 0.000
Surface (ln((h1-hs1)/(h2-hs2)))

59 71 Ac Calculated External Surface Area Ac =(0.243*RaW*qt)/Δhm ft2 0.0 0.0 0.0

Assume other values for RaW (Item 56) and repeat procedure through Ac (Item 71). Plot values of Ac vs.
60 72 RaW as shown in Fig. 12a. Two or more points shall be plotted so that Ao lies between calculated values --
of Ac.

Air Film Thermal Resistance for Wet Surface

The point on the curve (Fig. 12a) as plotted in the previous step,
61 73 RaW where Ac = Ao determines the RaW value which corresponds to Va.

Plot RaW vs. Va on logarithmic coordinates as shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

62 74 If the RaW curve is within 15% of the RaD curve, then RaD may be used to obtain application ratings for the
wetted surface portion of all cooling and dehumidifying coils.
Coil Air-Side Friction per Row Deep at Standard Conditions
AIR-SIDE FRICTION

Will equal ΔPst/Nr

CALCULATION OF COIL

For dry surface: In H20 /Row

15 48 63 75
For fully wetted surface: Will equal ΔPsW/Nr In H20 /Row

Plot previous step vs. Standard Air Face Velocity, Va, on logarithmic coordinates as shown in Fig. 3, 4, 5
16 49 64 76 and 6, depending on coil type. Plot both dry and wet surface friction in Figs. 5 and 6. These curves are --
used for application ratings.
* These items apply when steam coil tests are used to determine R aD for hot water coils

Page 5 of 16 Form 410-2 (IP Units)

Test Run
4

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Page 7 of 16 Form 410-2 (IP Units)

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Page 8 of 16 Form 410-2 (IP Units)

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Page 9 of 16 Form 410-2 (IP Units)

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Page 10 of 16 Form 410-2 (IP Units)

CALCULATION OF AIR-SIDE RESISTANCES FROM STEAM AND WATER COIL TESTS (International System of Units, SI Units)
AHRI CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR FORCED-CIRCULATION AIR-COOLING AND AIR-HEATING COILS

Company Date

Solution Procedure Coil Line: Coil Type:

and
Steps for Specific Coil Surface:
Coil Application GENERAL PROCEDURE

Numerical Input
Dimensions, SI
Water Coils

Item Abbr.
Dry Surface

Steam

Formulas
Category

Item No.
General

Coils
Wetted
Surface
Fully-

Item Description Calculation Procedure

1 1 1 1 Ao Total External Coil Surface (See Form 410-1) m2
Coil Physical Data

2 2 2 2 Di Tube Inside Diameter (See Form 410-1) mm

3 3 3 3 B Surface Ratio (See Form 410-1) --
- 4 4 4 Nc Number of Tube Circuits in Coil --
- 5 5 5 Aix Total Cross-Sectional Fluid Flow Area
-7 2
7.85*10 *Di *Nc m2 0
4 6 6 6 Nr Coil Depth in Rows --
st Observation and Calculations Obtained from ASHRAE Std

5 7 7 7 Ps Avg. Absolute Static Pressure at Test Coil kPa abs

- 8 8 8 t1db Entering Air Dry-Bulb Temperature °C

- 9 9 9 t1wb Entering Air Wet-bulb Temperature °C
- - 10 10 h1 Entering Air Enthalpy KJ/Kg
6 9 - 11 t2 Leaving Air Dry-Bulb Temperature °C
- - 11 12 h2 Leaving Air Enthalpy KJ/Kg
33-78, Forms 33TD-1,-2,-3

- 10 12 13 tw1 Entering Water Temperature °C

- 11 13 14 tw2 Leaving Water Temperature °C
- 12 14 15 ww Rate of Water Flow Kg/sec 1
7 - - 16 tvm Mean Saturated Steam Temp in Coil Circuit °C
8 13 - 17 qs Average Sensible Heat Transfer Capacity kW?

Page 11 of 16 Form 410-2 (SI Units)

 Laboratory Test Observation and Calcu
33-78, Forms 3
- - 15 18 qt Average Total Heat Transfer Capacity kW?
9 14 16 19 va Standard Air Face Velocity m/s
- 15 17 20 twm Mean Water Temperature Inside Tubes twm = 0.5(tw1+tw2) °C 0

10 16 - 21 ΔPst Isothermal Dry Surface Air-Side Friction at Standard Conditions Pa

- - 18 22 ΔPsw Wet Surface Air-Side Friction at Standard Conditions Pa

Sensible Heat Ratio

- If < 0.95, coil surface is all wet or partially dry.
- 17 19 23 qs/qt - If ≥ 0.95, coil surface is fully dry. Ratio = qs/qt --
- 18 20 24 Vw Avg. Standard Water Velocity SI = (ww)/(998.927*Aix) m/s #DIV/0!

Logarithmic Mean Temp Difference between Air and Heating or

- 25 Δtm Cooling Fluid
Δtm = (t2-t1)/
11 For Steam Coils: (ln((tvm-t1)/(tvm-t2))) °C #DIV/0!
Δtm = ((t1-tw2)-(t2-tw1))/
19 For Thermal Counterflow Water Coils: (ln((t1-tw2)/(t2-tw1))) °C #DIV/0!
*If other than thermal counter-flow, determine logarithm mean temp difference from Figs 13, 14, or 15

Overall Thermal Resistance Between Air and Heating or Cooling

20 26 R Fluid R = (Ao*Δtm)/qs m2*°C /W #DIV/0!
Plot R vs. Va on logarithmic coordinates as shown in Fig. 3. This curve is used in obtaining steam coil
27 application ratings. --
fw, SI = (4209.15(1.352+ 0.0198
21 21 28 fw Water-Side Film Heat Transfer Coefficient *twm)*(Vw0.8))/(Di)0.2 W/ m2*°C #REF!

Rv Tube-Side Film Thermal Resistance, Steam Rv, SI = B/11364 m2*°C /W 0

22 22
29 Rw Same, but for hot or cold water. Rw = B/fw m2*°C /W #REF!

Page 12 of 16 Form 410-2 (SI Units)

INGS
 Combined Air Film Plus Metal Thermal Resistance.
Equals R-Rv m2*°C /W #REF!
RaD vs.
30 RmD Also, plot this vs. Va on logarithmic coord as shown in Fig. 4. This curve is used for all sensible heat coils except steam coils. --

CALCULATIONS TO DETERMINE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS FOR USE IN APPLICATION RATINGS

23 RaD From Fig. 1, knowing R-Rv
31 Air Film Thermal Resistance for Dry Surface m2*°C /W

Plot RaD vs. Va on logarithmic coordinates as shown in Fig. 4. This curve is used in obtaining
32 application ratings for all sensible heat coils except steam coils.

24
33 faD Air-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient for Dry Surface faD = 1/RaD W/ m2*°C #DIV/0!

25 Assuming dry surface, obtain from Fig. 2

34 RmD Total Metal Thermal Resistance of Fin and Tube. with faD m2*°C /W
26 35 hm Mean Air Enthalpy hm = 0.5(h1+h2) KJ/Kg 0
27 36 Kg*°C /
C Approximate Coil Characteristics C, SI = (Rv+RmD)/(1.018*RaD) KJ #REF!

28 tsm Approximate Mean Coil Surface Temp.

37 From Fig. 9, with twm, hm, and C °C

29 m"/cp Appx. Air-Side Heat Transfer Multiple. for Wet Surface Coils. From
38 Fig. 8 with Ps and tsm --

30 39 RaW Air Film Thermal Resistance for Wet Surface Note:

Assume this value for trial and error solution. Suggest initial value should be
same as RaD. m2*°C /W

31
40 faW Appx. Air-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient for Wet Surface faW = (m"/cp)/RaW W/ m2*°C

Total Metal Thermal Resistance of Fin and Tube for Wet Surface
32 41 RmW
From Fig. 2 with faW m2*°C /W

33 42 Cc Kg*°C /
Coil Characteristic C, SI = (Rw+RmW)/(1.018*RaW) KJ #REF!
From Psychrometric Chart with Ps, t1,
43 t"1 Entering Air Dew Point Temperature and t'1 °C
Note: Calculation of Dew Point Temp for Non-Standard Air Pressure*
34 pv, SI = p'-[((ps-p')*(t1-t'1))/(1548.4-(1.33*t'1))]

Page 13 of 16 Form 410-2 (SI Units)

 CALCULATI
34
Where: ps = Air Pressure. p' = Saturation Vapor Press. at t'1 from steam tables. P v = Saturation Vapor Press. at Dew Point Temp.

Note: t"1 = Dew Point Temp. is Saturation Temp. Corresponding to Saturation Vapor Pressure, pv, from Steam Tables.

44 ts1 Coil Surface Temp. on Entering Air Side °C

From Fig. 9 with h1, tw2, and Cc unless Ps varies more than 10.3 in. Hg (+/- 1.014 kPa) from 29.92 in Hg (101.325 kPa). If it
35 does, then determine ts1 by trial and error using equation: ts1 = tw2 + C(h2-hs1). Correct hs1
for Ps, and use h1, tw2 and Cc.
For fully-wetted coil, t"1 ≥ ts1. If t"1 < ts1, coil is partially wet and calculation procedures may be determined from
Form 410-6.
36 45 hs1 Saturated Air Enthalpy at Ps and ts1 KJ/Kg
37 46 ts2 Coil Surface Temp. on Leaving Air Side °C

From Fig. 9 with h2, tw1, and Cc unless Ps varies more than 10.3 in. Hg (+/- 1.014 kPa) from 29.92 in Hg (101.325 kPa). If it
does, then determine ts2 by trial and error using equation: ts2 = tw1 + C(h2-hs2). Correct hs2 for Ps, and use h2, tw1 and Cc.
38 47 hs2 Saturated Air Enthalpy at Ps and ts2 KJ/Kg

39 Logarithmic Mean Enthalpy Difference between Air Stream and Δhm=((h1-hs2)-(h2-hs2)) /(ln((h1-
48 Δhm Coil Surface hs1)/(h2-hs2))) KJ/Kg #VALUE!
40 49 Ac Calculated External Surface Area Ac, SI =(1.018*RaW*qr)/Δhm m2 #VALUE!

41 50 Assume other values for RaW and repeat procedure through Ac. Plot values of Ac vs. RaW as shown in Fig. 12a.
Two or more points shall be plotted so that Ao lies between calculated values of Ac. --
Air Film Thermal Resistance for Wet Surface
The point on the curve (Fig. 12a) as plotted in the previous
42 51 RaW step, where Ac = Ao determines the RaW value which corresponds to Va.
m2*°C /W
Plot RaW vs. Va on logarithmic coordinates as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. --
43 52 If the RaW curve is within 15% of the RaD curve, then RaD may be used to obtain application ratings for the wetted surface
portion of all cooling and dehumidifying coils.
Coil Air-Side Friction per Row Deep at Standard Conditions
AIR-SIDE FRICTION

Pascal per
CALCULATION OF COIL

44 53 For dry surface: Will equal ΔPst/Nr Row

Pascal per
For fully wetted surface: Will equal ΔPsw/Nr Row

Page 14 of 16 Form 410-2 (SI Units)

 AIR-SIDE FRICTI
CALCULATION OF COIL
45 54 Plot previous step vs. Standard Air Face Velocity, Va, on logarithmic coordinates as shown in Fig. 3, 4, 5 and 6, depending on
coil type. Plot both dry and wet surface friction in Figs. 5 and 6. These curves are used for application ratings. --

Page 15 of 16 Form 410-2 (SI Units)

113.0973
0.000113
0.0625
0.19635
0.001364