Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Be Mexican ms ithe lst eat vole ofthe Spanish Golden Age Soe Jaan nds a Cru (164/51-1695) extended he ie of the Sil de othe Gldea Ae, wl he ed ofthe neventcnth ea. tn weaity the gold ha romed obras y the te Juana Sts wt Born some tee yet afer Quevedo's deth. Garis ‘Benya and Corrates wee long ead. Cone also were Ginga nd Lope, Tis de Molina, sutor of burlador de Sei, tbe Fat oral Den Jan ply, ed a 1648, he pobale yar of Sot Fram’ bird. Ausong te Giant aly Calenin de a Bates (1600- Tost the great bau paywnigh ws lacie alongwith he punters Zuririn sl Veligaes who edn nto the ith decade ‘fhe cecmry while Sorfonns war shaalescentin clonal Meso ‘oc only di her weeks become popular in be Heine in Mexico {and Spain whee they were rncpally plished but ntl 1725, (Gey wen through nay eons Harr to explain the sito {ane away rom the baroque, meaning that nly afer two cent (Finlutereace to Sor Juana 6d te Spanish word do 2 modem ‘hon af er work ia 10, when mio Abea Gomes bro ‘athe Posor completa in Mexico Cy. ‘ert ia demise Spain, the lizce a complexity fhe toque survived ome yeas In the wnige and lst) et ‘hice in the New Watkin the poms of Jana ints, Presumably, {Be near fom Spain paced round realy among litre, ‘Bends in Spin eo whe seach the Americas. Among be! ‘mentors, Sr Jnana wat cil ofthe baroque poets Ginga and CQeeveo. They wether sneer and ber mel and to se am {Sher her wn potry ha slant eral "queationy” fo ‘hak woth Tang om bo posse rhetoric and hse sa lin of Ggora and the mapa profundity of Qoevedo— fhe combine sex qualities in the ansurpsse, stgelong poem ofthe Golden Ape "Pameo socio” Pst ea “eemeo eoeio”—er ov tear was ply "EL suo" [be reams an extend mdtason worthy of her erate 8Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz sary Joba Donne's “Anaiversse,*ytintapinaon an itisie pout ale gus heyend an sale, long mstapieal work [Englh fhe time, Only Thomas Taheres ily” poems and ‘Centre of Melaten,"so old sod willy magi ave 1 pared set in Tear’ poem ain "Rent Drea "the ‘body slope nd eh winged sel omen sake and voyages ecg revelation, an wanders high over the mon ut oy, Sor Joan's teal companion for terest of bet work wa erst poet Ae raat [1612-72 wh with les eins vice war the et. testcolonlalathoref English Ameres ands fie plished ot, ‘Both women came tobe ele jong with Louse Lab in ees "ee teath Mea tem aplied to Sappho fom & couplet he Gack Ancholgy falsely abd to Pato: Gee on the tent Sappho Lasts (Seppo 18 cath Mag" el sly ond promising ut perhaps cas ‘suggest an element of sures snd unraity hat sworn could ‘eboth simaral and malar poet To bes she must nt be moral Sava uated! godess. The wemen thee Lab, Soran, sd Anne Braise, were ally Mass So Joa’ Response to Sor oes she Sst compeling feminist pose document in he ‘ist ie a deems ol woman’ gh towne end havea oof ‘ne owin her eng convent cll A few decades eadier Ane ‘race reac vevele the aati plight he women pot {am obuorious each carping tongue ‘Ape pa ll sora {abel hae wrong, ow auch dle they cast on female wis {Phat | do ove wel won't advance, ‘They oy ses ls o ee ae by chance, [Te Prtogne| SocJuna Ind a Cra: A dreghteraf the Charchondherboaks Juana Ramis de Asbje wes bom 0 a Raclende in wlage soothest of Meco Cty ale Sen Miguel de Nepan Nepal {= Nabe gues "land inthe mid,” ander village ey be tween he gst volesnoes of Popocatépet aad acinus, Her ‘ater, lel Ranier de Sanlan, was al landowner ofthe Inger hacen inthis igh fre eon once route Carte ook ry Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz vehen he marched with invading tops fom the cas coward he Date capital of Tenochen fw Mesico Cty) abel wae alle, meaning Spniad born in New Spa: the vceopley of Mexico, Cental Ameria che adie and Pips rn 1535 [HDI Her fate, Peo Manel de Ase, came om he Bane ovine of Gigszean. Jasna wars "daughter ofthe Church = lee ofthe day to ny that she wa leat The young hana serety knewer fate, whom she didnot scealter childhood, and there seven uncerany ar owhetber ame was Astle or Ase of Azusje. His indteminate name ‘flees the tradtonal Soul queso of sceanigltberho Contrast 0 the somal eet of he te other and vcs he Smile dma over the athe’ name inthe case of er pore ncstr, dhe it “tenth Mase” Sapp “Her laters ame was [ven by Herodston a Skamandzonymos bt i als appesee Stamandcos,Skemon, Eunoninas, Erygyos, Busha, Byes, Semceand Simon Her mocer's nme was Klee Sappho 271) ‘Wehr frcherinformatononfuana's mother tomer wil which {ecltes that st Do ne! Ramee Sanilan, tthe mother tin cildre, He emaleand one male, al legate the at ‘Bue cncrved with Pedro Manel de Arjen thre more with (Captain Diego Hatz Lozano ‘We may sk how ena Ramitz, “a daughter of he Church swe ahle to some the freroet erry gre inthe New Wo ‘Geet Paz, in his supe study of Sor Tana’ if, work, and ‘athe, to which we rll ndbed informs s that bel Ka reas wonsan of very song cartes who managed a bcens ‘wth sland thoy and vis cred fora elped her Childe. Far, Pe gives us «general peer of the motes in Sevententh century Mec, which expan, fons gens, ‘he posslity tat erie ded het Jvelop and reve ‘Landolt cptin, suns: how did these people te ‘nce dhe song bes wih abel Ramer’ Love alae! Hove were theses of Jana in able to mary nd ow id Schaef suceed in bang acerped nt the lace tobecone 2 iopimewating tthe Vcctloe! How con the haneray “mong sists snd moter be explined! We mt mot ot ies aout seveatecacentry moray, sex onthaexy tres much ko igpaus than religious orexony he Ran {eats wete «flee amily, as were her eats. Contemporary document seve thatthe Behr of abel Remies wat fa om ngs seandslous exception Everyee crped wichouesrve th enstane eturlhlseny sod Fon pal de Toes wecretr ofthe uve and athe of ‘eve erie nd ns found nothing parca cenerleSor Juana Inés de la Cruz tn he bara ofa wil that of nay fies ae nephews (Pa 67-68 0 whle pole and religous onhadoses wee dangeous to olen, the passion of the seas were safer ai, ad "ee chav” by women, Pez contends, would not sem fo Rave sy est llcton te reatstion of woman orn her ale fo marry Welland place her children nthe Church univer, and altar. Wehave the confusre of xtreme elit anderteme tenn {ny th equivalent of fn Doane writing ifertne poems nd de ‘Wout seins. az, who hs often provoked his Mexican people, "the cile ofthe mie" confoning their story and wal tins fet is own offbeat bom: "The lx ext eee of "he Mexican peoples surely aegacy of Now Spi. eu 0 ander tf machismo ts tyranny the darkens elaions be tween man and womsn, evo feodots Mumines thea” (71, "Derpie this peter of ema tlrance, even mnaatio, and the fact tha tel Ramis wo ble fo ary ber other clten ‘fo penne of moder ditineion, sn Pax and oer ave ‘commented, wat ate disedvantaged at the our in pad mat ‘age bocaae she was ensenliy an orp witout a el Sow. ‘These aces probsbly entered ino ber decision not to eck marae Ina in the convent. There least she cold write ad i 0 ut fauna waalo oer rst frm the Church forthe erotic Anplcaions andres impropriey eer profane poems a ell ‘forthe vey ct of her stings, the puletin, and ber Inlet investigations Her famous Resnse wo dhe Wabop sccsstlons was atelate int prove bat disaster et Men ‘esponse to tonmenting ease, se chose a way leading ety toliteray lene. ‘Ass young sl Jana wat precocout nealing wong and ‘sry competion. In her autobiographical oberon abe de scotch a smapinative and mincieoss i her cldbood ‘We gather tones eno er exateinary woos ofthe phys snd sprtal univ, which she wa t elaborate i hor "et “ream inthe Response to Sor ite Totes" was aseadony forthe Bishop of Pula who had chanted ber “Once ia my presence ewo young gilt were sinning a op, end scarey had ean the motion andthe figure dercrbod when I begat ot of {his madaee of mine, to mete on the frees mae of the ‘tcl frm, an how the impale ptsted even when rand Independen of case” [or uana Anthology 25) a Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Juana lead to ead atthe ap of hres by tgsng long with an older ster who war Bring evored by ates, eras het {Patdmothe. The source for formation on ber hldhod cones {fom her Reyone a reveals young cid singularly obese svt words wring Ltn phloophy,teoogy. After sho me The could rend tester than er mothe but she Kee this acre, Feningshe would bur be oter seeing oc owl ean esl 1 whipping for avin acted without he pelos, A pat het faltiscipline to keep up her reading he elined om eating ‘hese Deas she heard tha sade people tpi nd er dere foriearing was stnger haa ber die lorcating Shealeoensed fm acer forms of mld sl-ergation which recall sesame of other eat writer of slit, Pane Kaha In his ooma Kale tel ip meticulous detail how he pt nal under the desk top #0 that fe leaned back sleep when rating or wing ls Koes trod come up agri! the andar in bck ois trary Stes, Jana aed remorse ‘began sty Latin in whlch IbeleveLtoakles das ewenty lesons and my conse wes tess tat although he at ‘al adomment of ha ToS lnpstane among women 2nd spay so the Bower af ha ous aul et of 0 ‘rehve Inches ser Sat mara lent, And Tae 8 lett when ie begea fo pow nck to the length what ‘By bowing I woul at main a pnishment for my ‘gorance ern oa tht re back f hadeeasd ‘what Iwas suppose to, becuse the hal gv uichly spd Tesrod fowl And oc spina pnt fr my ‘gorane fore dd not ees right ome that ny ead shold ‘adored with ar that was tonal in owls, which store dase alersene [Responce 770) Hes few LatisIsons were enough fr er go on leaning by beset. They ae heron eure where evenly she would cope Poems in ain. Ta expeinecofleaming atin by hesell tens cheracesti then anlar inthe conven cer anda ‘eens of acumoltng knowledge She would dc her enti He (Walngto che books of her memory Ae demonsaing yo 5d seometse miles how all important branches of Knowledge de related and emental oeach othe, Sot oan zed he need ‘herein ose many subjects And then, afters re wetre oui fave moder ands abarement in which she dcr ‘hat not having ened frmall hein omy own nepal fd weakness in my sndertanding aot the ful of iveriy” {Response 76) se declares tat one restn she lee eo ea ‘was toimaretatshe might liveslonandhave nother oligos eSor Juana Inés de la Cruz tontadein her redomof uly ao¢communiy uses tolanpede the eam lence of ber boks, Her teacher was erst book a her sate was be nent abel, ‘8 prof ofthe eal for knowing the natural wedi onder now the divine mysterio she wie the Raspone hat hid of Sn eome snd Suit Paul she bel oun be the idle davehter (779, She ieee accomplishments of pest Agures. Withot Kaovlege they would nt ve been plausible CCl Dane she aka, ave compel the retro meanings of th years and days without anete,how without geomeay 1 Ceuld the holy zches ad haly cy af eraser have Been co ftrcted and haw withoo arhlertae eu the gre fempe of H Salomon have Ben designed by God or oul Solomon, issuer sor, have executed those plana? Her reasonig tells us that since | ‘he pure had ro be ent in ahnete ad oomet and Ge Imactf had to poneas azchitscrual knowledge, we to should aspire tha condition of ots | "A sx or ween Juana ear ofthe univeis ia Mexico City, sd the wtey I ben liling my mother with Ssintnt apd fonopgrequet tobe ent there so could ey there” [Raspoe TTS She shed tat se be deseo an so they woul let het in When her mother ciel her ty, abe cond bese by Fane found preie inte sal labyrinth othe fly book tallesioo, When se ip om vise othe capital se confer ‘hat se had ead so many books rom ta ary ery that se ‘ested secon ongeh ane when she waa Bardi 800085, people hough to know how to speak. "about theme ans Inés was ive osx years ol ee father Pedro Manvel eAsbjlether moter define isnot cea ‘wheter be ad serully lve in the howe, Bt since Sor Jana ‘are mendons her fate, probable tat ater his deparare |e She did not ee him ot ad ite cr othing od wih his Bu was be really dead in her mind? Octamo Paz take ot In te ypothesiaes tate aay be the fantaed lover of Br pert and sh, the widow of hat relaenship. She may bve take het smother’ place: ‘The absent father, if ot ded had disapeared. His bene ‘rove ntl od iain: nour onary the sae Thom lage alter heroes or mons, Maybe her fing ‘were not thse of pude but thee of pet and shame: how {ould ae bare Known wheter he ws aventter or wie “Slut deg or vaworchy pest In aay eae tema she ‘sd of ber father, a have slg was «mv of esntaet, 6 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz otal, and_whynot—setet admiration. asher atte ong shelled hin a her iegetion abd bed hi ‘lence, her petyexkumed hm tasting hem bot he Stes hs widow tad bebe ead husband (Pu 73) ‘A contusion of loves her biloica father was now a austng ghost er nob’, ny lone, Capen Diego ais Loano was ysl presence nd taper of her fathers the bona le urna bose held at by the very oats of er soles sd petge ening thee from, Buti cess that her seéather, Ratz Lozano, treated dhe Children well she disown chilies he wae cohave wih uaa’, ‘other nae, and he provided for her elacation in he convent of in ferniao and loply pledge «dowry ithe need soe. The ‘ery pesace ef the net lover povided he possiblity fr thee {ul adlt Sor sna to aie and transom herrea ther ‘hat very rea lovesepose who figures inher love poems. Th lover in ber poem isnot without pyeologal foundation where the source of npraoal not widobt passion, and cet ‘nly aot merely convention of Petachan or Neplatone el {aren ab seme cites who seal har pocms Mehl have supose ‘Abog wither original voce there ee of cour, Peturhan ot NNeslatnic echeesas tee were throughout Rupe Here ‘orein thos entries Echo idence and emulation seni bleifwedarassome theesstenceofcanon spd aiion Termino- Taped notions should noe owere led toe reaer sway rn het ‘sxpcaion love wheteriewar aca fm acct oranseprted frenship scour or convent or imagined; wheter consis tor deply tempoed from the unconscious. Throgh Sor Juan's ‘nmin ct nd pasion, the voice in exch poem ily relied. leo wish to age fr lesing them stand alone. They need no "plantar jatifeaen. The lore poems ste power sod shold ‘ot be oveeadcontestually tothe pint oftheir xing anton "lement by aertng that Sr Jana was merely 40s nara ‘ny sea of So Jorn ate colors ny eaing—snd ely {eimost—L confess tha given he complete dedication asa woman ‘on And Beyond who Sor juan was was not beyond Mngrapy {ndpaychologcalenjectre, irony rook ne atte poem ‘Who reads Lpe or Tio and colors each lve passa, seducing It to the notion tat was conpoed by let or monk "The quston ofthe relation besween the eo the pt and he poems Is always, and paraculaly toy, « encal focus of “Sor juana Inés de la Cruz srgumeatin Meray theory. The balance between areader'¢exteral [owege of the poet's ile and work, onthe ons hand and te sttonomy ofthe poe, en the other, i alwaye debatable These Were cases for her tventive ad imapnaive love poms bat 0 ‘ead Juan Ines primal confessional poet which he wat {Se depive a seventeant-century rogue sit of br imag toe edt encode er watk into nnetentncentiry steps of {oman allusion ead crsion nthe etonishing insane of Sat Juan hase quetons af role appear eo Log larger I peer «0 Indiv, howeter, that sr reading o he poem wil verclan ‘he reader and that questions of speaker wll bee allowing the poems to lve inthe own space In ber eeaessly metaphyseal Poems, Sor Juana acknowledges sion and the tages of her Invention. Wehoud acrpt her sere of asta 5 put award ‘in "Que contive ns fanaa contents” Ua which ber aay it ‘contented Don't eave me shadow of my love, live fd chsessed nage which Lee for mest, endsome det for hot 1 be hoe, yest Hein for which pal sae abuse. Ty own body of eedient sel save an asagnet fod you 705, ‘iy secre wit overs commonplace, Thly to dep merry whe Leona!” ‘Rnd yes you emnot bag of anything Glany hugh through oot acy iyo sldethe anon dose vest to caper your latest or, ing Se of my a, we eaves! You ey and yet ve got you locked psn my fmt Asfor her mothe, the el cay, ex, scuve companion of men, nga was ambivalent She reected he mother ote ss he, Sr Fama, eumed oa spiritual sublimation of he wot, ‘nd convert, she ented with her mothe nslar ashe, tht ‘aupheyasiomed ber later ghost it he oer ine senaets tnd aewhre Lets remember that Sr Joana Las de a Cre sumed the female ame eomespondngt Sa fsn dela Cruz the mystical poet-int of eo fove inthe text ad of mytcoroie Toveinitslntepetaton [exclude Sa Juan's own bck a ite rere commentary, whos theologaldsourss sre ates final but iteleant so de poems} Like Jn des Cr, Juans as fe la Cruz was nae unwilling to assume the vice, fr whatever reasons aod Implcains of the pssonste lover "The pet Sua Jan da Cur appears thoughout Sor aan's 6 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz wn vere a8 ear mol for het Hes ihe I i Boe ie Sane, sometines sn, in endecsylales and ectorlas, terowed by Spanish Renisnce pots om the lis He py El vino Nero (The divine Narisss) das ts magery sad pastoral eee om San fum's discursive Iza in "The Spinal Cans" Seed onthe iil Seg of Songs. More important Son Juan's own erotic mays, i which ull sensal physi love [the sinilformyical union with God wepressdin the vice ta woman a his ther maior mata poems: "The Dak Night ‘the Sol” “0 Living Flame of Love" snd The Stal Caste ‘le lewould ave bee neppropniate for San Juan tohave spoken ‘Seoughs mle sper while making love with the mle goad So we tnd inthe opening eso "Duk Nigh: "Ey sna noche ‘cars / om aaa eo amore nlsada” (Ona da nd obecare ‘ih fnlemalwidh hungeorlone|and vik words named famed,” wih the feminine ending Jan spke in he vole ofa Jasna. ‘While i excsive to ead a some eles do religous o mys dimension ito Sor Juan's love ocr sequal wreng, {0 epi Serums of eral elingin avr of forced sable tor allegorical one whan she scerdapusnste bua loves hopes and despair —bewesn woman snd man. The same de ‘voting of seta lea normal a mort reading: of Sen fas {el Grurs poems mle fer the eat Song of ong ut at ‘unl Deny Page's Sapo and Aeseo in 1955, the leshan clement {in Sappho love yi wa sory ignored or denied by series SovJnana's dent defense lpn her eis] of woman's phe tov se snot maine ominesdingtorparperef ances aouels, In the leastintereting, theta pol, and ios ‘eponings ofthe Reapone a sosion Take to be more stip pus than geauine) Sor Pans Inés repest the conventions Sata of the cntles'suface meaning by quoting Joome’s war Ing forthe young whore the Song o Songs wl be ned they do ae peceve thi pie of x prea welding happens © ‘beexpesed in carnal wowds Response 773, Tm sum, others face eligion ite her love poews or expunge the clea profsuné exon of man ove redcing he ce text to mere symbolam, that the problem ofthe overntentosal ‘eater SorJusns would have nncef haintedereace that ime ‘vejuderent tha cared with pale pecan sod post "on Ia ety ess han eth Sor Jamas poems ee reigns, td even thes ae lag ocala poems. She stood hes goand ‘aint he central the clegy, and inRepanse Sor Aloe, ‘he upeld ar sgh to write wht she wished Jan spt alone oSor Juana Inés de la Cruz song those inthe Chisch who wrote wt she wised. Gngoea [ndLopede Vepaereseacly eecnted with the cloth, yt Gegore ‘vata prbendey and Lape a priest—and they wrote whatever they ‘hed Calder de aces ad Tirso de Melina who gave the ‘Don Juan igre were loin the Chr, Bt they weve mea bt fn Spain not inthe rovines of New Spa Clery in her eer ‘year Sor Joana too waote what she cael to, following a lest ‘outwardly, te conventions an ats ofthe tne, Yet whe sale felsic intolerace stock er inthe fot of bichop's smonitions, he reer her log doeumenc of dence, declaring “hertoom of het ows." And she composed her responme wit oy and soeagth decease before Vga Woes etal mani fen ‘young wel in dhe vary ana’ ieary peosrycontiosed, At thea of cig, she verote alg a"prse” or hor drat poem serving inte: {Sn toa scred ply for a elgious esal elated ina church ‘satighboring Amecamecs Her rary books and ber iting eras ‘minhabita room wherethy come her suropte fae whic he chose In ew of the one wid cama aad ordinary ray, Ttrary realm in wich from Hes to spit sheeted er own habia. Herne "total antipathy for manage’ sal nega conceited inher mariage tothe ward wher be este oe {i Like Emly Dickason, the nano Amen bepn was psson Sty ceative, aad she was alive in es creations These women Inhabited New England sco sonvent al of the word ‘Given te wont ate incase wocdy center Jn i ‘eas nar dat abe move rm hr anata’ brary 9 the ‘convent wher she had one ofthe moet complet and opiate ror calletions of oaks in New Spain here the eer ot Ietenor conned twas sid to consi ur thowsnd vlan, malig ont the pinay calcio epeialiynmatemstict she sciences, a the seventeen entry New We Thee ‘possibly the the fou doutand were tally four hand Selest books, but ehis would sll have pt her im poscaion of ehaps the agent personal ary ofthe me | Theebooks wich Inspitl er ceaton also chaed the borders of her aia. We ate not crtsin of aun’ chldnood afer er ight yes. Whats pobe ie chat when be was about ight oe, she Ife her mother’ hacteads fw at Fenoayan vere she pew on tnd went othe ety of Mico There she led fn. the how of her others ater Mata, who wat marae tofoan de Mata aweldny ‘manos to che ire place fsa tok potssion of Ma's « Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz spell. Apsn the fatheresdagitr, beta clever, poor ut aidd by relatives, founda Bae lace to esipe ino and acris herabsstion tread andkaow, Inept hemove to thecal, ‘Alan Troebood speaks of “ana onthe solitary eae to Which he supine of her mind predestined her, 4 couse flowed encore avidity and ens fhe ingest” (Trusheod 2 ght i he place cour, ‘iter ight yeas of elf nstraction—and in er xtbiogahi cal eter she writer sell of aking flow madent and teachers in 166, when abe was ell tien Joona eared the ‘osoys plas in he capital where he bese layin walting (othe vieeretne Dogs ennor Cnet the marulse of Mancert Sor foana was fortanate, forthe wceren, wha card for erate fn her own, war sestve and stendant tothe young woman's ‘Beligence ad lens "At the werd coust Juans was abliant gre of wich, beauy Inllcrly se was prope. At dhe same tne, oe ‘eam fm ber anebiogrphial lever at amid ve @lmor sad race of eur acuvies,she possess ay apd determine ‘Son f on. Throughout heli later at nan nd perhaps ven 2 2 reve fhe convent he she managed to malatin her opt of ematable independence That etahrsintligence showed ell ‘nd socio in er espone o Sor Filter tha the bahon [Atte cur she was, forsme fous ya, Leonor Cameos avr ‘oid the siren, balls, and ceremonies and ll she formal and Informal es chot Sok place in tha palace cote ofthe wos Ingest expire. ‘One of the principal eoecpaton ofthe royal court in he Ameria wa alten -cnurng wooing an all kin fit ‘on ofthebody and spit: Ar foruans'sinvlvement wih itor, ‘weave nothing more than later enjecrre—norealeions ot eer ofthe tine Most ofthe our gallant were mate, howe ‘ve and he cle anes would rely be ieee in mariage — athe, having thei otal fambes aang maiage—wit ‘uae beauty who hed no dowy fay distinction or even mata ieptocy She weil theaters orphan, The valilines of ‘mariage st est witha cour igure, uly eontibated fo Joana's ‘en adunan section of marae a her ultimate chic tod hee woul and stale nooks tat se could read in ber ‘en elt as she sap, gent em "depiation othe ‘uc fap" and whatever the soute, peso orinagied °! | | Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz | her sonnets sch as “En que sae un reel fia whlch she ‘he den dominant shoed monks and mons in edt to have a ie i stato a fea describ the ulate of love hat surounded erin those yeas This altesoas, my love, peaking you since could sc tha in You fend wale ied incoming lve ou sh al {wanted you tse ny hear. Love, Wh uppored me in what | lage 08, erueed wats posse cn. ‘Smid uy toes that wee poured tin pain, ty heart became distiled sod been Ugh Enough iy love. Dea’ be so sit Don't fhexe maddening jelous snd aronsnce hin yo ort your qlet te upset ty fool shadow fae sign o> man's ‘resency anda ou se my ear which net our touch~2ow is ial in Your bande ‘One ofthe delight sates, probly tne, esounted by her contemporary biogpher, the Jess lather Diego Calle, base fn the wceoy’s recalls (Even today the main sourcen for ‘opal ifoemstion versa the Response, orice soars ‘at had few temputons of werly goods and eamfors x more recent tes the Carmeltes have adopted anil a gn of thir ‘oclessness) In dat sug, Sen Jus was inpesond fo ne ‘month na fsb enclose, whipped weekly bythe opposing {Sein of eleed Camis and wrote poems of atte, lore ‘tspntions ad ign the reality of ister ven meas ay war consumed by skin eancr, he chose to take rein ronarery sn Ubeds, im nordiem Andale, where he ew the {bot wold be agympathee wo im and he would be cera ring with oo tempting comtons o is woe ‘All he deevaions and physical eastistions of he Mean sisson nuns were probably 10 ch or us, ad afer hee ‘ont a novice, she le But she would be nan. On February 21166, ewok the vel dhe more permite Convent of Sant Pula of the Merny oder (le oer of Sunt ferme). She ‘Seed her profession of tha the "ett daughter” of Dom Peo de Ashe y Vargas MachucsCiven the pomp ad gio ‘the upper cas lnd nan in Mex, pros! t their atendat ‘servants slaves, ore lox encasvly rom these cae be ‘hd lt hoe bt to le about berth. Though no alwys ‘nored te convents ad ren of parity of ice! fren at ther onder She was nary twenty.one.Therater she veined / ‘he Calle bie gap essay bated onthe Response and het i pcm) The viezoy, wishing eo test the diversey apd amazing ‘wadom ache young woman gntured all the men flees athe Sniverity and im the sty of Mexico, which Inladd the forty ‘scored fore within the walls of Sons Paula ‘Aer leasing the cout she was oe howere, witout bee ‘public admires and Insp, apart om her piste sites ak ‘esding spd wating she had an ineresingly sophsistel cto q — i leading theaegluns script, plsophor, methemaicins, btn, poo anthamanies Trough orl qertione and ip ‘ston, he marguiof Manco angel thane thee stores ngge the inet of the young Joana te twine yell Jess engned the doctors fhe temple The margin tat te tind eanovconecive wha be witnesed Callous elo ws that de ‘rriatedhenel from the questions and objecins hat each exper Sirected agsnst het "inthe manne fay alleon fending of the tac of ew canoes” (Choieg convent walls seat reform 1 1667, at age nineteen and apparently a the Bight of her dairation by the tran the cour sce, Juna es eter the conve of un Jos de ls Canmelitas Deseleas. The saleed CCermlitein thie unter ordeal soeet ont belt ee poston fol apiaons of ws two founding Spanish anlat the mystics Saou Teves de Avs and San Juan dela Crus, who ated with ein the convene Sorfusna ected the ost dtingulbed gests of he ey andthe alm, inci a succession of vceoys and Seca thet ies, who were ber fends and song Hera Sopporters im her ell. Her ell washer cour Her fendehp ith {he vey lo protected er pd her wags une condemn Los by th Church, special, age Naber de Missds, her rfc, and dhe more locate enciaca Aue y Sc, he ‘Singita o£ Merion fr grey he wat crs ‘hat found publication and woot hela seuding the error nay I clvino Naru (The vine Nacsa) shat was paid {1689 i Made. Her convent washer liteary,worplace tray ‘tl, place for etl itera dacantone aly Bld "rhe wo clin Spanish English and otherlangnaps suggests 2 pon ora arts place of forced confinement, sohision o ‘leis aatrey andacepaion a profane pode and conf, But ds colesntical cm cll mideaing td Sceptivein he " tsrance af Jor manatee (he monavie and conven. Te i \ 70 1 nSor Juana Inés de la Cruz uns of cli Mean with che excepson of dxcalced Carmel ey, Uvededinarly under prveged conditions of tbe Oper ‘late, Sor Jnl "al" a we sx portraits mae in be et tonal Libary, i atmapesoany slap, te walls lined with Wet indsoely bound broke im which ena imponng elegant lace Andthecell warnotone oom, Mot ella her Sais Jeo Eonven founded in 158, were ewostory sparen including ‘heme sold Sor jana which comane age iting oom 4nd ‘ly, htchen, bathroom, ae well lsping ares for heel, tnd for her servants ‘hs cecal was not cll either were the vs of poversy snyhing bot nominal s were the als ef communa! meals Naat ‘orl had berween thet fv evans and aves to cae for them Isnt clea ow many servant mai So Jana had bat it Ie hnown chat she was attended by Juana de Sa os, 4 mulatto slave wom her mother had gen to ber when the entered the ‘onvent The lave stayed with hr for ve tn yar nl Sor Jana sold he for 250 god posto heres Jost "Nana Mexican contents dressed lean lten wor te: {al and expensive jewelry. Their clothing match thelr Bh pot ton nsctry. From th pend porate of Sor una By fan de ‘Miranda and Miguel Cabrera, we soe + srkingly Beat sod sstocratc woman, standing in Man's woe nd iting in CCetrer')ami her posesions, deck in malice white ‘uc wth al sleeves sewn fom the most ently clthscbaiaabe, sd geal holding an enoomoos rosy whose bess extend fom er nock down the hemimingofer ng, Sb paces ‘One ofthe questions that Juan's commenttrs sand an sera ualon why ap tlectal man of song and nde dent nate, tn whats othingin“arerferowalsparsalar Feigous esposion” Pa 103} sbuld chose wo caster benel a ‘convent, The cmiesatrs {have in ind ate Octavio Ps and Sor farts consamnatewanalstrs i Eageh, Margatet Sayers odes and Alan &Trcblood. At atime when te the Chueh entrolled education, the convent wats place of leaning and faven. Trutlood cbseres “Though fans’ uming rm the weds ofthe cur ‘he seclsion of the cloister may sem abrupt ad stating tofu, woul have appeared less oer contemporaries Thecleyof Mexico wat ula eanvenes which housed women fhe upper else for whom mare for whatever eanom, eal ot Juana hal others dws nos pedis Sine ‘Meducaon was he peeogative othe Church tpt n ne Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz ception woman who hid theses wo vale clsiaton tne mind sboe allele inclaing marae, neil ed fob coma wa on cleared fn ol ot briliant bot soperfial stnton a core and ex profound ‘or Incloctals. ruebico 5] sccept in her own word inthe Reon, in which be confesses [erinitia reson for entering the conven runs she now deems (ith pun teay) anwar and pdf As everything in tis Asepy ambivalent eter, we mut eet hr movement to dey terial creative appttons andthe canddoos by wich they were achive, sine theteatr she sets herself squarely onthe way cl eleannhlaon, Yer as we scknowledge her late shave ‘ment whether ts cause war depron spt, sew Fein ‘Sooor some mame cherel—we mutt dio ee bes ed fee Testu plan and dreams when, fate de mic, she entered he ffeodom of the content ats place of letter. he entered the Bow sing, openly wating what paces the dese became aun, though new thet equi crsin cod ‘Son repegant tomy nate am meabng a cent, ‘seen apect) ererthlss, given my fou antipathy for ‘mariage, wea he est sesonshe snd moe ia one Teould chose as a means tomy desed avai, Al ule onslderations gave way to thls primary concer, which Wat livealone,ohavena clgatry work ha wealdineire wi fy feeds to wad, or hear no noes fs cxasuniy Cat ‘woul inde the ale ence ny books apne 76) ‘Asa nun Sor Juana found the ine and meant devote helt ‘oer aswell ab cence, Besides sbey, nguing mind Juans possessed che Best scenic instruments avalable fx the New ‘ia. The importance of her sientieiteets sould ot be upderseinated. Even inthe Response ae tls how when ene relat inthe manera the Ingustion, Kept he om hee books forthe mone did aot stp ee fom electing on all man hmomens dat God eat. Al days af he wood oeame hor eters and dhe gat cin of bing washer bok. Everything be Tooked ata the imation o in these she analyn: hae Anmagied pyramids whose view Lines dh tacked ince opia ‘lusins, he changing spas of i's spinning eps ts abe mex ted by seating sed Gos cs the ground torte he lines, Sls the ines of her 0m, which made ber eleust the pei lines of he universe. She has facinating observations abou cook nSor Juana Inés de Ja Cruz Ing in which she dacoered the recrets of natu, Sow ess hang topeer when fed in fat ool end teste in yop. and she makes the following wry oberon asthe pilwapining ‘whl cooking "I Anstode bad cooked, he mould have writen such mae” Response 731), Stapid mes imposing shame /o 3 women nareasonably SorJoan was consiouly woman inber writing acced meno posing colonial leo rsx He soil pooty dealt oe wih the etion bor witht gh the evil and spe tially of woman ina hort sot in which men appeared o Inve all he power ta moval sunt. Her mos quote? oct is the eden" Which She Argues As Invalid the lene sad lame of Tae Men Who Accise Women of What They Case which begins , Sid men impuing shame ough you never see You az the thing you lame, “The poem steps in ts eatalogsing an ike cer pees in her poums and poste, omtenatos nf tol aad itera reference yet fall tis powefl and sist She spect rovincingl in peaps too many sans evnte, Neverte- les the oom is extrorinaiy ftv sd ends with bla, dlcading te prosteate nd the sj andypocialy ceed ‘woman. The dle Sor unas pil pai ito nna Chat speech and high theron Whose mi geste in Buran cote lat ‘he gt who in for pay rman who pays or a! So hy be shocked or ane Ibrkay he sep os ae Case for hers yu ake sper a ou a, tnt do not come wih ples ‘nd ltr throw them a ier fe eceaing sin hen yoa were abe eer. ‘You Sight from or ath vith werpons of stopance ” Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Between promise sd plein tance, sou devi sh aad eth er words bite. Octavio Fa points au ust aw fr ahead Sor Juana was in usage weapons of ngasge saint male de ctw ofr sx: surprising tat insta oes, ths umbined Arabic and Roman-histin bertage, Sor anon col Dave published er sate. More serpin that oul ae bee es with sympathy. Du was a slated obs ha ad so sequels unl the went enty” (204, Her ange apne male injncces dine however, preven her ‘oom wring some ofthe ost ear ad al love peta he Spanish langage. Those love pene wee not beloved by Don -ManelFeminde de Seta Cr, bboy of Pcl, with whom Sot Jana was to exchange thowe amos lees concring + women's right tohaveherown incr! ie eter of aannishmet, ‘which he signed Sor Plata de la Cr puting women in thett subservient, ile place, provoke ee ova rely to lot 'As Jan nds tied books in vets ely when she weote she wed dvene frm nd had many voces She hard Queve's savty at wal 2 his weatlogea,agareasivehamoy, wih he ‘xj in onomatpowi sont die imiation of he Span ‘nh mate, sing Queved’s zymes in a halexgue of etaged Andigaton asin those who ake, + woman, content Here and elewhere and especially im the Response onal levels she an hit back, and with eae red Inthe len sonnet fm eral, “ns” she uses Quevedo’s bash yest ph ot he ris, whom Sb elsewhere fers oa slander ad are She can bj ae cons, awn to earth, od wily fanny a Ber When they reve you asi and obscene, Yourhave no problem peti athe hook, ou Inch ato our gbbleygoa, Sewing jas how 0 wipe you nhs leas, ‘What you se her is cola iano In pethaps her bstinown sonnet, “As et” [Toe sl oneal So Juma pants etre slp adopting the fal lin T iscas in Se ineoducin| dey fost eanvetonal ‘rors lre sonnet by Géngora yr what in gor ineentlly ‘ite tad courtly, she makes cemolishinely dak and empty “i lps st had, and is othing” So he poem ens ith 2 Spanish deslation bout death hat cnaveyea depecsingy see %Sor juana Inés de la Cruz ctr of solute nothingness. She has converted Gogo carpe ‘lam linger for parses of winning ove bi elt god ‘aed Lady, nto br personal vestaemext of Queredo's asterly ‘peed dou, What i sinult boae Sr fusna's poem bow, ‘er confeomation with desuoying me, she ps vay te massa Sltry and ell deception, leaving her alone ble de lise ‘ouch of death, Even these ofS pou shoul booked with (Gre Heres are noes sltporate but «recon of alely alnted selpreai, When the Neoplstane pllospher Potinos Sresaskeohave ie porat punted heal why make an illsion ‘tan lle, I her way Sor aan, who lo Bald a ploophy dren, w very hay dened dreamy, pave an ential ely 2 fet poem of elf port ‘Wha you see hee clot sin, sear bontng of beauty and 8S, ‘which ofa soning color ill Hie where he fates of pint eset ‘where stening te rast Une appears to slumpl over blivon sad age, lie tin crcl dap flaking {ties slender Honor te pale Sedna fate port for doom served, fein folic abr tha ean ony i isa wasting 2a and, well obered, {Scop sds sow, and ls nodhng Ser Juan's most ambiious poum, “Prinero sue” (Fast ream flyin the Spanish aroqus tation of hc ng, ‘maltatve, bean, dficule poo, fe ftencoramentd-on i ‘Beales, ain the gastoul symbolic indirection snd olcur tex of Congra when she tating islet portant od lenesaccssfal quality Yet fralltspitic tickers he cto fn he meter work amzing inventive and Seve of ihe fe ‘pei olfhand modesty she contends hat Fast Deen” ta le ‘Se wrote fer her own flesure—inSpnis fe reer om aplil,»srp of papers he only work abe di which id ‘ot came at the eqn of oters(Rerpone 803. Apart rom te anventiona fale autora moderty a tit ofthe age raced ‘fen by Frys de en nthe prologue to i pose er obser ‘tion aly declares that "Pie Dex” wa ently ber creo ‘nd that we should eke very seriou. [Asin the fs: sd cond ceneary emetic and spocalypte ‘csitions, the poem deenber he royap ofhersolsoaring amen 16 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz oystaary spheres, while che harbor ofthe ol remains behing {In dexp boy sleep. Ar such ir poem concern estany ts toelycemolgia ene of ketans ofthe sp ing outside ‘nest! or"bengelewbers” Se stepson ome pilose {eal explanation fr his world of deceptive apeaanis and det ue a i Calderon de aca nthe ate Spanish aa La vidoes eto ifeisa dream] snd Pallads(c a. 00] late Alexandian try the mi of Christan onocate destruction flea foliation Ta is quan, “A Pg Alexa Considers Life ‘ander Cestian Mobs Who ae Destroying Anat,” the poet punters sit ce dat we Grek ae ely dad ‘only seem alive ur len sate ‘where we agin that eam i! Iseroho 555) “The theré of dream, appearances, reality, one fom o an ther, sith diverse teminaiony and fom diverse dsipine is The oldest and mort peste of or metphysl leas, Sor sans soures are adional oes me given toe by dct. Sources bt pobshy trough summaries i mantal Cees ae ‘runt ofthe eam of Sapo che Younger Philo thesource of ck Tater mysccal cet who ells us thet the soul es wings oe ‘ithe cot ef planes tbe Gaostie works seated to Hermes ‘Tanita, crbin'scoraretary on Seip'sdeam, Kepler's ‘Somntumy, Athans Kircher’ ler extatcu, 1660, i the Goose “Oca of he Wor” Eve cetes Adam (The (ther Bile 70), She ans his net clay frm fom the mod By uting her word and insilling breath ad fe inthis. Yet ‘Alan's afternoon super, bela he waker atch on Bee's Pro ‘mathe at of sizing knowledge te tant mater, Ada fas de sur dream that Eve came from ae of his be. Thee ks Psto's worl of sppeaancerperhape test chard a the dea levels ofthe Allegory ofthe ive, there re Platioss illusions of ‘luis and Cerrane’s dca of Alone Cano reaming he is Don Quite who cant distinguish windmail rom monster. our ume share i Antonio Machado’ reaming el and eynlie Inte Landscape with is ye wide open and Walle Steven's lnsstene confusions of magneton and reality, The wil’ dreamers, even when it is Quevet nhs Bosh-llkenightsate of Les sion (The visions lly have go, opened day vison (Mod Homer, Mean, sd Borge notwithstanding) cannot ot ‘wll ot divide the mine's eerie eal an splits! seiey 7Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz ‘oom the aparatlywsbe wo stound of tings they most pe ceive and daca: Wooly All's play God poses question’ of Imeaiteretre and metapnpicsin ines worthy fous oe vison when hee los andthe humerous otesque He vba, et it Wee two ancient Greek in Athens and weve about to see a ply Twrote and youre ating in and See tom Gate oso rl ple he aad ae ‘hayee watcing ui eomeaoe elie play. What top ‘horacc in anther lay? Acd someone watching them! OF Staci wehing est ad wer all inom eat Or, ‘That's worm, at only tot at py inte td row ext [ood 13) tn Sor Juans, ati dhe univer questioning of dren aed realy, the mind can ether pa the meening of xteral ely ‘br ctlaineatonlly or intel, or inet entail yo fines Sptaly oe area alre—though she expres these trimanspowetcteteworkf beauty. Finally, inasoatemporary Sean, Jura wat sopremely sae of the mind’ arena he Conscious and unconscious. The unconscious, which we may ell Sean is tn Spanah sumo, meaning oth seep and dea. ‘peaking about the constant activity of er beans ers that. ven diag sleep er mind is wekang ately, debi compos ing wees and dig vo with acamen and eanty (Response 91. “The hshoi etter that wat So Jase’ crucible of torment” “The incident of thle this exchangehabencupheia- tially calld ments ectmentaton of rise eppoiinny dof ce ad ccf vrcuton a which eoclesacel power a i combat with «woman asering the independence of her mind, es eed to crest prof won fay sod er igh a, eam, and express ber seqired knowledge. Alehosh Sor fama submited to auhory flowing the creation of er Response, the verting and existence ofthe Respante elf is the st document {ndmanilesnofindependence we poses pehaprinany langage, of there of women to parma ves 9 Teaming and 9 follow iin and professional econ was at oaly a arta ter co Sorta, ated Maze 1,191, bu, with no excearin he ime, 4 Nagna Cans of women’ nsllectoal and sai bere nthe ‘Americas and erewbere inthe word “The background and nominal wrappings of tev eter rv! the evasons atteres hypocrites end frm eto of he 1% Sor fugna Inés de la Graz day Under the waapping ina contest wit nd moe sige, ‘he af wl bd power. The sonrovery op fer Sor fare ‘wrote a henlogcal leer commenting ca stan given fey ‘yer cuir Lisbon by Portage esl Aton de Viera: she esther ltr ehe bishop of Puebla, Manel Fernnde de Sante (Graz. Sante Crs hed her eter pablsod under he tie Carte tnapéica letter worthy of Athens With unctuos piety heals nelded an admonhing nie toy, ie, "Ser Foten el Graz, November 35, 1690" He begin wi tach Her for het ney cut ull chat does Boner woe sc. The, systema be cite her dwn, He pases her hill i vere mes ot wishes be ‘rad compliment er boice of abet, meaning hor pola poems, Henotes that he isl does aot suburb othe cots place view of condemning the pacice of leer by wornsa, He ‘teres da Sine Paul di war that women shou not cath “bate [Pal does ae command the they not sty" And twas ‘sich pesumably the Bishops snder the word of Fel that she (Ser Jans) “avoid the ssk of any pesmpousnee in our sx, Indinl as its o vanity.” The “ou” of “ou ax” i consent sets Sata Crs peang tough the peony of lon By pingar "she" within tht danger 2m ovsiy which soma fends obequiousy arrogant thus to hi dager apie won smo. By citing Sat Pal, the bishop tured to the most inf {tot abuser women ia west lcs Pal wrote heinfans hines Bot Tule aot + woszaa to tac, aoe 9 wap ato ‘over the man ut toe ia sence” (Tis. 12.2) Sant Cr absrvs that Sr aan ha pene mich ane with slosphes ad poets Would bebetter now fe would npr her ocuption and upgade he books, He pont the expe ok Justus isis marvel of eraion, whose Senecs, bt who ‘ndertodattheendofhs ki thtscholarcipnotdevteleoChne (Cruces aly sp she vanity. Finally, he admonishes ber: Jeisaptythaso rest amind should stop tolowly eartabonnd Snowledge ade desire to probe Into what anges In Beaten Bat since docs lowe alt rs evel ay ‘ot descend further ll and poner what ges on in hell! Ad iF sometimes it enys sect and ender conte, et a) it powers of ndeatandag to Calvary, where sng Sow Sonsiderte the Redeemer wat and how ung the ecm, wll have ample sepe for reecungon the ekenes fiat oveand, nor witht er, wl id ward atne ‘mont force higher dope finite Oy a other tes, Ieee ich gallon of your mind sl usally lth spon the igh sear the peeedons of Cot [Sasa holy 2B) ~Sor Juana Inés de la Graz ‘cr these kinds of warnings, inctding the open. est of pnimentin er ater fom he convent in Pac, Feminde: de Santa Cruz ares Srna tht he remain emmored het ‘oul, which i + spit! love no subject othe isles of ‘Sung. Hssluation reads "Your devoted servant Rises Yout hands lots dei Cre" ‘The sang cate of Sue Jaana and he end anally, the bishop cf tucbla ow dd this ined of ee ers tare began resubiy ith fieatship and understanding between Sor jana and she Bishop of Pb thse hey were aston ear othe powers fhe Jie master of Mic, Aguiar y Ss, he areishop of Mexico Cy, Without thet unertanding i inconceivable th Juang 8 play sopinicaed a ae was im Balancing crown tnd Church powers fr her om protection, would have dar 12 Send off Teter puting down Jest be, parisaly one who for many yar bad had penal and plea! bond of mtu diration apd support with the Menian archbishop. Sor aaa's ‘heclgial eer ein an old sermon byte Jet Veg te ‘unaneipated and appreciative publication by he bishop of Pues, ‘oupled with his admonition for ber to relrm et why—esten ‘aly demanding ert ive up scalar ay and profane wing = spoken in faely polite, pasoisng and ofensve langage, ll ‘get the Behind hee lters werepowerfl moves on bth ‘dey eich were surely periciy sparent to the plies the polccorelisoar guile ofthe ay ‘cero Pax and lan crt Dario Fuca have deciphered the lester td sven the battle lnex: recelybecae thee ‘were conlitngforecy, andwith Sor Juana engaged o oe siden 2rar berween two power clerics and thet lls, the cose {uence for benel were horrendoualy oof roortion fo the dll ‘heolgia serpin in ber inl polemieon the Preset ‘nisonary iia ArTeast the slfeing and abuse thatthe events {nficed on er alo incite her t wie the exe terion ocument ons womans ight o know and reste in edo. { ‘would lo sry itis perl ealzed document, ‘Belore the mine oan seat out the adveras, Puc sera, were Feminder de Sana Cra, bishop of Pala an Sor Juana ally, and the enemy, Prancico Ait ¥ Seis, of Mexico {iy she move potent eeclerianeal port in New Spin an the Spanish Empire. The gues cold ot have boon more dine 0 Sor juana Inés de la Cruz ‘gui y Sos was, 8 hi WoguprFahe Jot de Lezamie de ‘serbeshim, «man who was obese with an aver eo anihing fenale—is woman catered Rs houte he would have the chs she stepped on moved, he was man who morte hs Boy cep down his ast And he wat one whos ever for chart eased ‘i to plunder thse who were to weak wo rele spouse sons. Furthermore eis man ied to bum books of eral ers ‘re, patclry books of plays (or fsna was well aware this ‘orpostion ocr deamatic woh He even prised God formaking im myopic wo he wold be les likely to emt bo eyes wp woman Dass chat was despotism, is humlity pie, ed his chastity a mena dehasch” [09 Agar Slins was shop of Michio whe the eleton for archtop woo place Santa Guz was Cowen on thee allt, baton the forth and dessve one epareatytrgh the interven ‘on of empowers in Mad Agar Sle wonout He was wer. Sob stacking the Portaguese fer Vey, Sr Juss was Feiking the oni aeehoy of Menicn, Pz coneles "Saat lncereened inthe qual been two poweifal Pances af the oman church and was estoyed Inthe roces” (05, He pec Ines farther hat Sata Cruz wanted una to wit = esque of Vier ano potecthinsel om anny less thas compliant fe highest pey hen com reprimand is end Sor ass or ther seal passion for knowledge. Thereby his ova ews and position wer clea and safe fom eilam. He sed her plese Sls of theologien debte in hee misive on Vey, end se ook the hea. fer poblishing he eter a5 a work worehy fie ‘Ang sown ett to her under he perudony ots ignored the content of hers on Vigra a fsteed on Jasna’ in eer ‘which be demolish He st hr up, an she cold not have oe seen the prelate’ crue esertin® (Pe 44 ‘The Response and the silencer ‘Ani the scowl reasoning ia her Response in which she ef er ight to books and the pe, Soe usns acknowledges her acct, owe to them, aod states that i has aot fecumbed othe wptation of er Bou, easing and wring, “an inclination that exploded in me Uke gunpowder" and et henceforth he would ge up Indeed, shi Tse pose of lata selimodesty im her Leming snd wtng goo. ded, se wil ‘Bre phe intlectual fe (wie mouthing dhe expeced eles falelapeop making clear however, uoughout ethereal ‘sion for knowlege Beloe her abandonment of esol wring, ‘Ste uvcaates in pind etal ber eings and poston her "aap aSor Juana Inés de la Cruz of fat ete Pac's supe subtle toh sady—eht cast her ‘echoes this ail pth of lence "The Response contains Sor Fanas chet of slkence, which would be eeu but the hes ot the essence athe carta The eters biography of hermind an aseton ober elects tnd creative feedom, and a refutation of central nsion Te Imminent negation of the eal Sor juna is anal extemal cose uence ofthe conte. in the last four Years or Juans Becomes ‘he Soranaofe'snceaton and tothe delight afer eceistial ‘Mopuphes she exounce ber vital fee, and fin strange rene tance bore ae dis she writes er ame ona dociment i het ‘om bled [wholly out of hacer with her eton and untnaie Pole), we witness polgant scene: erated woman of ens ‘Shige eo abandon the ile and are ofthe mind “The Responses Soran’ shighest momento arculte se leu eteton, By ont ofthe way tno eter she has mibly egued forthe necessity of accumulating secular baow ‘igen oder to handle the split she confer hi or Inowiedge and does oby comparing esl Saint come init suiferngs who labered inte pursuit oflearaing Se tes eome “How often Tavedespaed, how ola Ube dropped my labore sd picked thazs up ai, diven by ee hunger for knowlege Then afer ening he ays rome, the ptr of hr oe, sedans wih starcelycaczaled contempt andiony, that she en witout dhe coaclatian of eampanionship tht Jerome eo oye has nccisbed tothe ame “back iclnaton fo aeqling Sowledg)thachat bean roger ast conquer alles! Response 740] Mowover, without a esc of pode she tlle hat wile the may lack the knowledge sd epitode of Sint Angin of Aso ino for lack sy, for she as studed more han beth of them 795, Ts Inds ie unstoppable in er sngument of personal snd uae al jatifeation When she lt the est Iuned women of hepa, she icinds Hyptia of Alenia, Te ilmopber Hypa bs traditionally boon evoked aa symbol sure {Gack intllectanl eviction in at ished meno tio before ueeumbing to the brute bartrismof Chistian bigey td conclasti olence, Hypa "te beauful and wise pilose Per" fer works have not swe sk ob helt sige NNeoplatonst before the dirkness of otal Chistanisato, was rare hy 4 mob of Cs monks in the fist decade Ue Fith centr. Sor una’ ely wth Hypa aot canal ‘Aspro ofthe hemos and rept hater exchange of ears ‘wih Plea ha ered in bey she ste, releing to ber ogi Teter pited a te Carts atenogiica, dat bad se kaon that 2 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz ter eter, which thea ent ot ike fouling Mase onthe waters leat Nil would ave provoked sch ontovery and Ted totes ein lenced he would have sale the child ner ‘ethan a soonas it was or forte tat witha blemishes, ‘Reig al “ino the the ight of your knowl" [Reaponce Her sso, ys, wsceral anger, ace appre Following thee ins sess exp, ner mor tere desaraion her het ff icy suede “Uns you inervene with ther inicio, Twill eter pick up my pen again” (08, ‘ants Cra had win hi les admonition to Jane ia [November 1690, Her respnee came in March 169, The bboy {4 at reply He lee smanrwere her declan of # woes latellecal nights as wel arberreftaon fis sdaonions Since ‘change of nstuctons fom tearing bop never came, Sor Tuan Ins de Ta Crud ne pick ap her erry pon apn ie Sstepeswereperet Her scl Rajponsewar aot published ant 170, ive yea ale er death, "Aer the explosion fer dcBance,SorJan'sconkesor Nis de Miz a petigous professor of thenagy wove min es “ingle by it mediniy and eth inntence on aber ‘ence humility, nd ejection of well aces, the pi tal i He refed tac er When a er eget he eur to et was to con er lence Soran then seid beslf ‘delat and vo what Father Calle, in Catolicaolgy, a a2 proce alsearaton romber book oar are pata Poe fer ie Tes sd ha he rok op er bay sl along ith Sermon andelentificinsrumeny, nd dint he proceeds ‘mong the poor Dring the at fo yes fer pt fm few insignaneetigs, se eld othe elf-Baglting pledge {he Response “otto eke up her pen again” Ta that ase net and sometimes Went fn nd wre, he ny te ‘sltabneating mon, tmompbodin darken, Her estive spit ‘le she pefonned religious dass istend “There sat lest one dovstin rm her decision of creative sina. To retunagin Rafa wo willed ht he wrtng be Aeoyed but et the ssipment of etrction othe oe itll: tual end, Max Bod, Me Leurary executor, who ot nly wes cerun to eno thee istotions bat wok tnd dd pend Hs Iie nthering and publishing his wor) here ia conn of irendon in Sor Juana Ine silence. While she di pot wee “nyhing ae she dd not rer her work nto ence Indes sie ‘resi and aidacsly coneted the palin of te vanes hr cleted works which began s few ya eal Ia 689 ‘when ber cad te countess of Pardes, che ceeng, published ‘he is value fhr poems in Spain. As forthe dwindling herSor Juana Inés de la Cruz cxensve fame the Spanish worl her lat yeas of reigns {ed the Church dsnproval hal woting co do wit Her fae ‘appeared bear of ehange in terry tants. The exit ofthe rsa ny of melanie vl eld the pt ok er wring forte centurion, Onin the wentet entry with ‘the reumence of Spanish argue uthorshave er work etre to-us Sich was alo the fate of many underestecmed or neatly Jonpten pots nroding Las e Gong, Ion Dona, sod Mas roe Sobre Inthe end ler er cont with he Chute over he eed, ther werd, the water aun he Areries chose aeity distinct ‘Hom the word in he exo dhe tinker in er eal Sor Joan's lave erry alveatre, the Response ed to eenunciation and teary death fs which te col not retin. tn 195 a plage ‘res evazing Meri, Te plague entered the conten. Miocing {hark ltrs Sor uaa loevibly ease titi. On Apel 17,1695 twomouths ina he nidentifed penis whilensing her aater nine, she od The day ater her det, agents of Arch ‘Sshop Apiary Sea amet te conten toremove all heels 154500 pao for prpons ois cartes. allowing i dash 169, ue was ld api the Apiary Stn to take beck what ‘cl be reseed from the boty a the ares ees ‘es oe kely that Sor Juana deliberately expose! hes to the diseae that stack er down, In exzence her decton to hep 1 slater mans was a necessary, chil act of ifn accordance ‘withthe vole i ber poems She removed eself fom one dream 10 eater anoint dea of compassion In wich she ouched the ‘eat ofthe sik and dying Whea ee entre othe Bis but st eam of cemity oF sleep or nothingness, che mature vice of ‘Spanish poeuy fell mote for cntutes. Cast the lst high ‘Boman poetry af the Spanish Golden Age was found inthe st pote gate of the New Wedd "Ate Sox Juan, Spanish pore was dll manne mite ‘ion of Eoropean author, There wee aio inary of Lope ad (Gingora fut the well adn dry. The Spanish ation had oo te vigor and New Spin was oto produce other SorJuana sens incompetent monarchs gned oer + Spin that was losing ts Comanioa spd pestige and wlleed fom inllectaal snd arcie ‘elity. A centr ater, Fain Gay y Lacienter shines with ‘he sharp light of nightmare and gacfal tes of the prea ‘ncyard: Aad chen another wale. The Spanish somatic a0 dhe Spoishneolatc, werseomdaryintatrs. ta the eine teenth cer, Spaith poetry came sake cB ithe Rit i Cunavo Adolf Béogur, a prose prospered ia the reaitie ‘psndeur of Calls sd Clara: Thee was ao Rosas de Case, rs Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz who wrote neve but moving poe in gall ports aswell {Spansh Bu the generational waning came only athe begin ‘ingot he rwenith century when suddenly Spanish oe, an ofthe New and Of Wot, expensed an exzonlnay ei the pocty of Antanio Machado, Mie de Usemno Jan Reman Ines, Federica Gaia Lore, Jorge Lis Bares, Rael Aer, Minoel Hemndes, Viente Alani forge Calin, edz Sl is Comal César Valle, Palo Nero and Octavio Pz 8son fae slgssmos de colores es catlosoengao de! sent, {Ses en quien I ison ha pretend ‘rota de oe tos los Bores 9 veacendo del emp los snes suf dea wiry el lid, (Sau dor al vent did, (an respuado intl ar hao, Ala copermn Verde exaelee de avid buna, Joes eperancy, ree drat ‘loa del md, sect oes, tl boy de leeches empetado tololo wea pintado su des tengo en entra manos ambos eslmeate Toque toca vo. “To Her Self Porat What you se ere eal on, san an beating of esuty and ts Sl, ‘whlch in fe easoaig of colo will pervert the mind ia delicate dlaion Flere wher the Baten of pint gage to vida the homo afte Joa, whee softening the rst f te peas ilies vain carctl dope of clrhing, ft ira fae por for doom reserve, {tis ooh labor da an only Fede wasting 2el a well bere, ‘scons edt Is shdow, and noting A aren beeilement in oa ata ie, tad hoe and fensywrapred sot with ld {dam by thoe awake, ye tiny cot Soul ofthe word exuberant le a, eel roaanes of pure fantasy, ‘he now fr which the happy ones ampere, the fare where the miscible woul be ‘Clurcing your name, seeking you dy a8 red, {bey stick ec lenses i he ass, aad (he word hy et spine by command. ‘5 much sacri my stat of mad, 1eep both ees focusod on my bands Nor bin, ‘only se what exp euch and feaose de la ete: anus aversion aoe wasn y aves Ex pectguime, Mando jg interest {an golte oledo, endo aso tent ‘poner ellessen mieten 10 1 enendsent en ln bliss? Yt siepre me ens ds eonento "ue no mi pemsartento clas igus. ‘Yo ertimo benmonze que, venld, es desgj cv de sede, Di riqaeas megzeda ements, fenlendo por mejor, en mis verdes, onsumir vaidaen de ews ‘qe consumed en wana ‘Ea que da moral censura @ una, cxcla sus semeiantes, ora diving qu on gent alts ees con t agate teas ‘apie pope en eles, ‘hac peas hermosur ‘Rnag de a ane suites, cjemple dea ans pelea, cay ser uni ntaraless Tsuna lege y wise epueara. ian av en pore, ees, ‘ebetbi, ner de mone desde 1 luego desmayaday encode {etm eadco sr das marta a! (Con que con doce mere yea Ws, ‘viendo nga youre ene. She Complains abou Her Fat: She Asses Her ‘version ep Vices and Justis Het Plane i the Mee Wy pacute me, wos To what flee? "Tellme bow Lead My sole nent. {so fi berry omy inlet, ot hang my sll in beauty’ et 1 no eae fr emer ofr sl, spd so lee a apper efet ‘bp fning emeralds to my intellect ‘han wo al ny intel ogo 1 dont cae for Beary that the ene age cus ito Bory forthe publ al, ‘ov eas prion wel leave me all ‘The best ind fall ay wets, {st consume my vats in fe hd nt consume my lei antes 1a Which She Morlly Cente Rone and Though the Rose Her Rew Holy rss, who in pnts elation show in al your reotet finesse "nate eauy in your station, {eowy discourse fn your loveliness, ‘eal aig to han rciecar, Caner ofthe vant in gece’ bloom, Shove bing unites trough wickery of ate ‘he joyous cai andthe sowing tomb. How haughty is your pom, how arorant, soveri,while you didn the ska eat, nd then, collapsing sinking you ste plucked In fecblnens of Being a wierd pnt ‘nds erough stupid Ie and dying beat, Se you fol, a dying You instruct "9sage ants el mor que ‘A. Goad Fics One Soald Choe Here Dying Rather Than exponese Tus lejos dela vice ‘te Expo Onerl fo the Outraes of OL Age | Mis Ct una sos gue onl prado Catia looks at rose proud inthe fel, eseerab eli pomp at Ip showing off fle pace, Yeon ales de cain y gana nd whale adorned in ou fly revealed at lage el oto dei, fe ebeutlly was bathing its white fce 1 io: Goes sn tenor del ado, Courageous ely your destiny, ‘cutso breve det edad lose, ‘he re migzaion of your fre age cs no pt mere de matens ; then cath that comes tomes wil not be ‘tutte lo ave hibees hoy pea, In place ob you fy, your wate YY augue la Ie mere resus today. And hough pert dad comes now : Yea fagane vias ale, i tl your dlicons fe moves om you, fo sienas el moira belay moze, t Su youth and Beaty mix wich deat ad fos, tie que ls experiencia seoece ce what expdence Informs and hw ures foreans more sends hermosa $2 bst to de wth youth ad beauty 00 no rr el ule de er vei ‘than wo bse the Guuape ofthe ears Seapecha cred dsimalds, She Surpcts Tht the Heli Tha Hope Gives ‘lal qo ls esperanca da Te Disimalsted Clty ‘Diutura enfermedad do epeenas With ny one daily malady of hope at entrees min cans ses ‘you plow eterein my ees eas Yen el fick de ios bene y los dios ‘and inthe scheme of goods and hangman's rope f Anes en equi I alana, ‘you Kop the sale in lnc for al meres, f fue sce suspends eI dence {od aways hanging therein the delay i Ae cna, o dejan ngaton efor us one way, your chery 4 que legen excedere on fos tas a you wo et dominate ts ees q Te desapericién ol colanee posing crue bali or ave may. : ign te a glade el pomie de Boma? Who sole the sin fom you ef homie? y Pes ores mas sve, ss avete ‘You'e severely of well bred q qe suigendes el alma entereni, snd in dhe aie you hang my lghing sou 7 Y entre Ja infausta ola felice suerte, While berween losing and your lucky sie, f ‘nolo haces td por conserva you do at werk o ep aie preserved ino por de mle aaa mucin. bem ve tling death angen al %0 a1En qu stfae un recto oI tien dl lant bu a a cud ha que oon palabras no te persuadia, : Seacrest | $ciatemc ese er Taisen feed ee rte Fru aoa Asctee eebry open coal rites eee Seve sean nay, peeyreslique bare we ‘Nenana ce ass ‘Que consene wna fants content con ar decente ‘Detent, sombet de ml in agi, fi ‘imagen el hecho qu a quien, Hl tells sin por quien alee mae, dale fein por quen enon vio, i 1 Stal imin des guciaeatacivo sive ml pech de obedient ase has de butte luego ago? Mas tasoar no pode sasaecho de que tuna de mie ani, i ge ange Sis Bld lao entero (uefa foma anda ei, poco impor ue eso ypecho * Ste labea pris mana tn Which She Safe Fett with eh Rico of Tee ‘his afemoan, my Love, speaking to you since Tend sce tha in You face aad walk "ated in coming lose co yo wie all wanted yout ce my eae: Love, wd tuprrted me in wat onge Ctuored wha is import to pi ‘Amid ny tens that were poured oot npn, Iny hear became dtd wad broken tough ough, my lve: Don't be 0 si. Dn' let ‘hese maddening alousies end arogance ‘sunt you oe our que be upset by ois shadows le sg of 4 man’s presence; ad a ou see my heat which met our touch—aow i is id in your hands. Da’ eave ma shadow of my lowe, sive snd obsessed image which care ot most, -bandome deel for whom Ve howe sweet fein for which pain snot abuse, anyon body of beden sted serves ats mage aol to Your gsc ‘ny acre with lovers commonplace, aly to drop me, un, whe | congel! ‘hed ye you camot bag of anything, sf any eumeh eoug our tay 1 you clade the narow tose ve set te apr Your atest om, abd ping tut of ry eh whe crest ou de, and yet Fre aot you eked op ny fay,‘Dena relia cued congue mise el daar de Con el door de e mort hes, det ara de amor me amentab, Yoorverela maces lleste [Beuraa ge foes mis ere Tos ene na el sine divert, "Yes cada eeunstancapondeaba {ee soeaben mall muerte ua Vida ‘Yeszalo al gage de uno y 040 to, {eid el caazén deb pono detes de dare tz oti, oa con gut dstnoprodizno ole en mt acuerdo y die: (Que meade! {Ose en sorb ido ma dics! ‘Presque el mismo asuntny termina que prevaezca Te aaéa cones el gusto [Al queingeto me dea, bunoamant lus amante me sigue eo gat, constants adoro ula a mor malts Salteo «quien mi amor bas constant. ‘A que unto de amor, hallo damant, Yo diamante al gue de amor me tay ‘nant gue wer al que me mss, “Yimnoguien me gue wer fate, Sens pag, pec nt deo, 1 rego a atu mi pondoner eno de qoen no ie tr ween ele, * Concerning Sage Reflsion That Mitte With the slletion ofa mortal wound {broad on sre alles of love to serif death would drag me underground Teed a make pow and loom above “The separated soa ia cloud fps counted anguish one hurt at's se, {vf with cnc second it was dal plan { thontnd death dg oe eat ene ‘Aad ater blows of baterng sal, the rupred her icemed + maddening sgn thatthe come tot ne pels ih ad ye by some prodiios destiny woke, sensing Am {noe wonder, td who in ove has apps ke mine? Se Cantinues with he Same Maer and Ends ‘with Reason Preval over Measure ‘The ingrate dumping me seek a lve, feck me lover, how hi ay Tatwye worship one wh rns fr cove, ‘who worships me bump oof my way. Whom {bercech with love har as sel, Fm bird ar te to you besezching me Trumghant | went yo wh murder me [tnder yo who wan ny samp el someone wants me, oy dese ie one Lean you, Lesh y igi, tnd elt wey Tend wp fsing bathed "hoot then ste eter course be {A solnt cue on you who make me yawn, {han be for you who dump me willy tasked 95ads, cxando tren pou bella, ore dee gue waquey que faragus, , ‘Sv coge fe prota, no hay eraca que an ga deal ao sague, {oom onion, mis gue un igueeque, {odo el mundo stones ual trace, ‘bull todo wabuca, ‘st embelevo todo lo embed ‘has aungue ees, lt, an mae cue, sabe ml amce muy bien Toque ee pecs "Ysscon ts sin no se embsbues. 1 Zhe eres sanstin 9 yo de Meee. ry ‘When they eile you a sly and obscene, ‘you have no poem gexing of the hook, ‘you launch i your otek Twig jst how t wie your asble cles, tnd when you gb the wel, no mage can Sieh our such bad yea arg rr eet you thader aod he cater iss most, Fanning the wolé ke pounding on = cn. ‘The rumble jabs aloe embing er, ‘Aeon game raking yu a see Reece, ‘Thooph you, Ins wanton ecko Bi ost know zy love and how tpt ny you babling passion eumble fal i, hog you're aby sunt and in fom Mecca,