Compare: Present continuous (I am doing) We us at or around the time of speaking, The action is not complete. Lam doing past mow Listen to those people. What language are they speaking? 15 Let's go out. Ir isn’ raining now Tm busy.’ "What are you doin 15 I’m getting hungry. Let's go and eat & Kate wants to work in Italy, so she's learning Italian ) The population of the world is increasing very fast. We use the continuous for temporary 1 P'm living with some friends until I find a place of my own, the continuous for things happening Future © The water is boiling. Can you turn it off? Present continuous and present simple 1 (I am doing and | do) Present simple (I do) ‘We use the simple for thi thing that happen repeatedly = be past now Future Excuse me, do you speak English? |G Tedoesm' rain very much in summer | 2 What do you usuilly do at weekends? © Lalways get hungey in the afternoon, © Most people learn to swim when they are children. Every day che population of the world increases by about 200,000 people. We use the simple for permanent situations: My parents live in Landon. They have lived there all their lives. a: You're working hard today. John isn’t lazy. He works hard most of ti Yes, [have a lor to do. See Unit 1 for more information, PR) sys do andr always doing always do (something) = I do it every time: 1 Lalways go to work by car. (not I'm always going) See Unit 2 for more information, ‘Pm always doing something’ has a different meaning. For example: ain. m always losing things. ) I'm always losing things = I lose things very often, perhaps too often, or more often than normal. ‘Two more examples 3 You're always watching television. You should do something more active. fou watch television too often! 5 Tim is never satisfied. He's always complaining. ( He complains too much) Present continuous and simple 2 Unit 4 Present tenses for the future —» Unit 19Exercises 3a 32 33 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct them where necessary. 1 Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. Ok. 2 The water boils. Can you turn it off? ee beng 3 Look! That man tries to open the door of your cae. 4 Can you hear those people? Whar do they talk about? 7 The moon goes round the earth in about 27 days, T must go now, Ie gets late usually go to work by ¢ ‘Hurry up! Ie’s time to leave.” “OK, come. 9. Thear you've gor a new job. How do you get on? 10 Paul is never late. He's always gerting to work on time. 11. They don't get on well. They're always arguing. Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. 1 Let's go out. Ie isnt. raining _ (not / rain) now. 2 Julia is very good at languages. She $295... (speak) four languages very well. 3. Hurry up! Everybody (wait) for vou. 4° {you / listen} to the radio? ‘No, you can turn it off.” 5 {you / listen) to the radio every day?” ‘No, just occasionally. 6 The River Nile (flow) into the Mediterranean, 7 The river (flow) very fast today ~ much faster than usual. 8 We usually (grow) vegetables in our garden, but this year we (not / grow) any 9a: How's your English? &: Not bad. I think it (improve) slowly. 10 Rachel is in London at the moment. She (stay) at the Park Hotel She always stay) there when she's in London 11 Can we stop walking son? 1 (start) to feel tired, 12 a: Can you drive? BT (learn), My father (teach) me. 13 Normally | (finish) work at five, but this week I (work) until six to earn a little more money. 14 My parents (live) in Manchester. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. Where (your parents / live)? 15 Sonia i (look) for a place to live. Sh (stay) with her sister until she finds somewhere. 16 a: What (your brother / do}? &: He's an architect, bur he (not / work) at the moment. 17 (ata party) L usually fenjoy) parties, but I - (not / enjoy) this one very much. Finish B's sentences. Use always -ing, 1a: Pve lost my pen again. B: Not again! You're almays losing. your, pen 2a: The car has broken down again. : That car is useless. It - 3a: Look! You've made the same mistake again, B: Oh no, nor again! 1 4 a: Oh, Pve forgotten my glasses again. w: Typical?Present continuous and present simple 2 (I am doing and | do) We use continuous forms for actions and happenings that have started but nor finished (they are cating / iris raining etc.). Some verbs (for example, know and like) are not normally used in this way. We don't say ‘Iam knowing’ or ‘they are liking’; we say ‘I know’, ‘they like’ The following verbs are not normally used in the present continuous: like love hate want need prefer know realise suppose mean understand believe remember belong fit contain consist seem Pm hungry. I want something to eat. (not I'm war Do you understand what I mean? Ann doesn’t seem very happy at the moment. Think ‘When think means ‘believe’ or ‘have an opinion’, we do not use the continuous: © I think Mary is Canadian, but I'm not sure. (not I'm thinking) 5 What do you think about my plan? (= What is your opinion?) When think means ‘consider’, the continuous is possible: 1 I'm thinking about what happened. I often think abour it. 5 Nicky is thinking of giving up her job. (= she is considering it) ‘ He is selfish and He is being selfish He's b He's behaving / He's acting. Compare 5 Tean’t understand why he's being so selfish. He isn’t usually like thar. (being selfish = behaving selfishly at the moment) He never thinks about other people. He is very selfish. (not He is being) Ae is selfish generally, not only at the.moment) We use am/is/are being to say how somebody is behaving. It is not usually possible in other sentences: It’s hot today. (wor Ie is being hot) 4 Sarah is very tired. (not is being tired) See hear smell taste We normally use the present simple (not continuous} with these verbs: © Do you see thar man over there? (ot Are you seeing) © This room smells. Let's open a window. We often use can + see/hear/smell/taste: © Tean hear a strange noise. Can you hear it? Look feel You can use the present simple or continuous to say how somebody looks or feels now © You look well today. or You're looking well today: How do you feel now? or How are you feeling now? but 'm usually feeling) usually feel tired in the morning. (not Present continuous and simple 1 -» Unit 3 Have —+ Unit 17 Present tenses for the future —» Unit 19)Exercises Unit 4 4.1 Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct them where necessary. 1 Nicky is thinking of giving up her job. Ok. - Are you believing in God? 3 im feeling hungry. Is there anything to ea 4 This sauce is great. I's tasting really good. 5 [mthinking this is your key. Am I right? — 4.2. Use the words in brackets to make sentences. (You should also study Unit 3 before you do this exercise.) 1 {you F not cem very happy today You don't seem very happy today, Excuse me. (anybody | sit | there?) 4.3 Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple. 1 Are you hungry? 2 eK. WANE (you / want) something to cat? 2 Dont put the dictionary away. 1 (use it 3 Don't put the dictionary away. T (need) it 4 Who is that man? What he / want)? 5 Who is that man? Why 2 the ook) at us? 6 Alan says he's 80 years old, but nobody (believe) him, 7 She told me her name, but 1 (not / remember) it now. st (chink) of selling my ear. Would jou be interested in buying i? 91 (think) you should sell your car. You ‘not / use) it very often, 10 Air (consist) mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. 4.4 Complete the sentences using the most suitable form of be. Sometimes you must use the simple (amjis/are) and sometimes the continuous is more suitable (amyis/are being). 1 Lean't understand why ..!"¢'S.2¢in4._. 50 selfish, He isn’t usually like that, 2 Sarah very nice to me at the moment. I wonder why. 3 You'll like Debbie when you meet her. She very nice. 4 You're usually very patient, so why so unreasonable about waiting 5 Why isn’t Steve at work today?Past simple (I did) Study this example: ‘Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Aust musician and composer. He lived from I 1791. He started composing at the age of five and wrote more than 600 pieces of music He was only 35 years old when he died Lived/started/wrote/was/died are all p ” y often the past simple ends in -ed (regular verbs) work in a travel agency now. Before that | worked in a department store. 1 We invited them to our party, but they decided not to come. 10 The police stopped me on my way home last night © Laura passed her examination because she studied very hard. For spelling (stopped, studied etc.), see Appendix 6. Bur many verbs are irregular. The past simple does wot end in -ed. For example write > wrote © Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music: see > saw We saw Rose in rown a few days ago. go = went 13 Twent to the cinema three times last week, shut — shut 3 It was cold, so I shut the window. For a list of irregular verbs, see Appendix 1 In questions and negatives we use did/didn’t + infinitive (enjoy/seelgo etc.) enjoyed you | enjoy? 1 enjoy she | saw did | she | see? she | didn't | see they | went they | go? they go 1 A: Did you go our lastnight? a Yes, I went to the cinema, but I didn't enjoy the film much © ‘When did Mr Thomas die?" ‘About ten years ago.” i They didn't invite her to the party, so she didn’t go. 5 ‘Did you have time to write the lewer?” “No, I didn’ In the following examples, do is the main verb in the sentence (did ... do / didn't do): © What did you do at the weekend? (not What did you at the weekend?) © I didn't do anything. (not I didn’t anything) ‘The past of be (amis/are) is was/wer Uhe/she/itwas/wasn't was Uhe/she/it? welyoulthey werelweren't were welyoulthey? Note thar we do not use did in negatives and questions with wasiwere: G Lwas angry because they were late Was the weather good when you were on holiday? ‘They weren't able to come because they were so busy © Did you go out last night or were you too tired? Past simple and past continuous > Unit 6 Past simple and present perfect — Units 12-14Exercises 5.1 Read what Laura says about a typical working day (“usually et up at 7 o'clock and have a big breakfast. | walk to| work, which takes me abovt half an hour. start work at B45, = never have lunch. finish work at § o'clock. I'm always tired when 1 get home. usually cook a meal inthe evening, I don’t usually go out. | go to bed at about 11 o'clock, and I always sleep well, / laura Se Yesterday was a typical working day for Laura. Write what she did or didn’t do yesterday. She. got. up_at.T_o'clock 7 at 5 o'clock. She abig breakfast. 8 tired when home. She 9 a meal yesterday evening. i to get to work. 10 ‘out yesterday evening, ae 8.45. 11 at 11 o'elock. lunch. 12 well last night 5.2 Complete the sentences using the following verbs in the correct form buy catch cost. fall hurt sell spend teach throw write 1 Mozart _..Wr0te..... more than 600 pieces of music. 2 ‘How did you learn to drive?” ‘My father me 3 We couldn't afford to keep our car, so we ie 4 Dave down the stairs this morning and his leg 5 Jim the ball t0 Sue, who ic 6 Ann a lor of money yesterday. She a dress which £100, 5.3 You ask James about his holiday. Write your questions. Hi. How are things? Fine, thanks. I've just had a great holiday. 1 Where ...did. you. 90 To the U.S. We went on trip from San Francisco to Denver. 2 How ? By Yes, we hired a car in San Francisco. 3 Irs a long way to drive. How long, > Two weeks, 4 Where ? In hotels? Yes, small hotels or motels. Yes, but it was very hor ~ sometimes too hot 6 the Grand Canyon? Of course. It was wonderful 5.4 Complete the sentences. Put the verb into the correct form, positive or negative. 1 It. was warm, so. t02K.. off my coat. (take) 2 The film wasn’t very good. 1..didn'tenlou.. it very much. (enjoy) 3 I knew Sarah was very busy, so I her. (disturb) 4 Lwas very tired, so 1 the party early. (leave) 5 The bed was very uncomfortable. 1 very well. (sleep) ) 6 The window was open and a bird into the room. (fly) 7 The horel wasn’t very expensive, It very much, (cost) 8 L was in a hurry, so | » phone you. (have) 9 Ie was hard carrying the bags. They very heavy. (be) W336 Key to Exercises In some of the exercises you have to use your own ideas to write sentences, Example answers are given in the Key. If possible, check your answers with somebody who speaks English well. UNIT 1 M1 2 "m looking / am looking 3 geting / is geting 4 ‘re staying / are staying 5 is losing 6 starting /is starting 7 ‘re making /are making ‘im teying / am trying ‘S happening / is happening 12 3” 'm not listening / am not listening ’s having fs having “m not eating / am not eating ‘s learning, / learning aren't speaking /‘re not speaking / are not speaking, 8m getting /am getting 9 isnt working /'s not working Ji not working 13 17 What's / Whar is he studying Is he enjoying 2 are you getting on things are getting he isn’ enjoying / he's not enjoying he's beginning /he is beginning 14 2 is changing 3S getting / i geting 4 is rising 5 is beginning, UNIT 2 24 drink ‘opens live take 2 ‘do the banks close don't use does Martin come do you do takes .. does it take does this word mean doesn't do 23 3 rises 4 make 5 don't eat 6 doesnt believe 7 translates 8 don't rel 9 lows 24 2 Does your sister play tennis? 3. Which newspaper do you read? 4 Whar does your brother do’ 5. How often do you go to the 6 Where do your grandparents 25 2 Ipromise 3 Vinsist 4 Lapologise 5. Trecommend UNIT 3 al 3 is trying 4 ace they talking 5 OK 6 Ws getting / eis geting 7 OK 8 Fm coming fam coming 10 He always gets 1 OK 32 3's waiting fis wait 4 Are you listening 5 Do you listen flows $s flowing /s flowing grow... aren't grossing /'e fot growing / are not growing 9. improving /is improving 10 staying fs staying .. stays 11m starting /am starting 12 ‘im learning fam learning .. 5 teaching is teaching 13 finish em working / arm working 4 live... do your parents lve 15 ‘looking /s looking .. 5 staying / is sasing. 16 does your brother do .. isn't working /'S not working /is not working 17 enjoy... not enjoying / am not enjoying 33 2 "Ws always breaking down. 3 Tm always making the same mistake, /... that mistake. 4 You're always forgering your lasses. UNIT 4 4a 2 Do you believe 3 OK 4 Weeasees 5 hin 42 2 What are you doing? Vm thinking. 3. Who does this umbrella belong to 4 The dinner smells good. SIs anybody sitting there? 6 These gloves don’ ft me. 43 2°" using /am using 3 need does he want is he looking believes don’t remember / do not remember or can’ remember 8 “m thinking / am thinking. 9 10 consists don't use 2S being is being 3 sfis 4 are you being 5 Ishe UNIT 5, 5a 2 had 3 She walked ro work 4 Ie took her (abou) half an hour 5 She started work 6 She didn't have (a ‘eat (any! lunch, 7 She fished work 8 She was tired when she got home 9 She cooked 10 She dida’t go ) lunch. 11. She went co bed 12 She slp 52 2 raughe 3 sold 4 fell... hurt 5 threw... caught 6 spent. bought .. cost53 2 did you travel did you go did it cake (you) / were you there did you say ‘Was the weather good/nice! ‘or Did you have goodinice weather 6 Did you go to/ Did you see / Did you vise 4 sida’ distor left didn sleep ew didn’t cost Example answers 3 Iwas working. 4 Las in bed asleep. 5 Iwas geting ready to go our. 6 was watching TV at home 62 Example answer: ‘was having a shower were waiting for the bus was reading the paper was warching it ‘didnt see ret... were going .. was was looking ring... had T waited ‘were waiting 3 was cycling was going didn hit 64 2 were you doing Did you go were you driving stepped managed 4 happened 5 took .. wasnt looking 6 didn’ know 8 was walking .. heard .. was following ,. started 9 wanted 10. dropped dida’t break UNIT 7 m1 2 She's broken her leg. She has broken The bus fare has gone up. Her English has improved. He's grown a beard, / He has grown The letter has arrived The temperature has fallen was doing 72 Yes, Ive just seen her. / Yes, Hhave jst seen her. He’ already left. / He has already lee haven't read it ye. No, she’s already seen the film. To, she has already seen Yes, they've just arrived. / Yes, they have just arrive. 7 Wehaven'e told him yer 73 2 he’s just gone out he has gone out havent nished yet. [ve already done it.I have already done it Have you found a place to live yew? haven’ decided yet. she's just come back / she has just come back 74 2" been 3 gone 4 one 5 been UNIT 8 8. 2 Have you ever been t0 Galifornia? 3 Hlave you ever run (in) a marathon? Have you ever spoken to a famous person? What's the most heautiful place you've ever visited? haven't seen haven't eaten haven’ played (ie) Te had /Thave had haven’ read I've never heen / I haven't been “s been /has been I've never tried / I haven't tried or T've never eaten / haven’ eaten is happened / ic has happened for that’s happened / that has happened 11 Tvernever seen /U haven't seen 83 2 haven't read one f haven't read a newspaper it’s made a lows /ichas made a loss Fit hasn't made a profit she hasn't worked hard this ‘hasnt snowed (much) this Key to Exercises 6 haven't won many/any games this season 84 2” Have you played tennis before? No, tis isthe first cme P've played tennis. Have you ridden a horse before? / Have you been on a horse before? No, this isthe fr ridden a horse. J fon horse, Have you been to London before? No, tis isthe firs ime P've been to London, ‘ime Pve ve been UNIT 9 9.1 2. been watching television / has been watching television 3 "ve been playing tennis / have been playing tennis 4 ‘Sheen running / has been running 12 Have you been waiting long? ‘What have you been doing? How long have you been working there How long have you been selling computers? 93 2 ve been waiting / have been waiting 3. “ve been learning Spanish / have been learning Spanish 4 She's been working there / She has been working there They've been going there / They have been going there 94 1've boen looking / have been looking are you looking 4 She's been teaching / She has been teaching Fe been thinking / Ihave been thinking 6 he's working / he is working 7 she's been working / she has been working UNIT 10 10.1 2. She’s been travelling for three months. / She has been travelling She's visited six countries so far. She has visited| used to ... DAVE a few years ago ave today ark on a Factory T work & supormariet. | used. to work in a factory Dave used to work in a factory. Now he works in a supermarket Dave used to work in a factory = he worked in a factory before, but he doesn’t work there now: sed to work he works You can say I used to work ... / she used to have ... / they used to be ... etc. be V/you/we/they work he/shevic | "4" | have play ete When I was a child, I used to like chocolate. [used to read « lot of books, but I don't read much these days. Liz has gor short hair now, but it used to be very long. They used to live in the same street as us, so we used to see them a lot. But we don't see them very often these days. Helen used to have a piano, but she sold it a few years ago. The negative is ¥ didn’t use to When I was a child, | didn’t use to like tomatoes, ‘The question is did you use to ... ? Where did you use to live before you came here? We use used to ... only for the past.You cannot say ‘Tuse to ..! for the present: Lused to play tennis. These days | play golf. (no! use to play golf) We usually get up early. (noi We use to get up early) 82 by atjon ~ preposition + ~ing =Exercises 36.1 Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with used to ... \e / She used. to. have: long hair. sal rl in the country. Tris is we 20 years agp) 6 U never wear glasses now sie fy (ieee to? ea if) | his building | 36.2 Karen works very hard and has very little free time. A few years ago, things were different, Do you do any sport? instrument? Do you like readin Do you travel much? Karen a few years ago a a. Yes, I swim every day and L De you go out much?» Yes, most evenings Do you play a musical}t» Yes, the guitar. 2 Yes, I read a lot. Yes, I go away two or three Karen now play volleyball Tork very hard is toy Job. | don't times a year. have any free time, Write sentences about Karen with used to... . 1 ..She.used. to. swim every day. 2 She 3 36.3 11 used. to, play... tenn "Do you do any sport?” "Yes, 1 “Have you got a car?” ‘No, T George ‘Do you go to work by car?” When I was a child, I never Mary loves watching TV. She “Sometimes, but most days Teen 4 6 Complete these sentences. Use used to or the present simple (I play / he lives etc.). [ stopped playing a few years ago. ay... basketball.” one, but I sold it? waiter, Now he’ the manager of a hotel by ean? seat, but I eat it now. TV every evening, We near the airport, but we moved to the city centre a few years ago. up very early. when you were a child? Normally I start work at 7 o'clock, so I “What games you33.3 2 did he have to wait 3. does she have to go 4 did you have to pay 5 do you have to do 33.4 2 doesn't have to wait. 3- didn't have co get up carly. 4 doesn't have to work (60) hard. 5 don’t have to leave now, 33.5 3 have to pay 4 had to borrow 5 must stop or have to stop (both are correct) 6 has to meet 7 muse tell or have to tell (Goth are corret) 33.6 2 T have to go to work every cay. 3 Thad to go to the dentist yestedy. 4 Thave to go shopping tomorrow. UNIT 34 341 2 Would you like an apple? 3 Would you like some coffee? / . coffee? 4 Would you like some a cup of cheese?'/ ... a piece of cheese? 5. Would you like a sandwich? 6 Would you like some cake? /-..a piece of cake? 342 2 Would you like to play tennis tomorrow? 3 Would you like to come to a concert next week? 4 Would you like to borrow my umbrella? 343 2 Do you like 3 Would you like would you like ‘Would you like Tike would you like ‘Would you like Do you like 11 dike 12 do you like UNIT 35, 35.1 3 Don't buy 4 Smile 5 Don’t sit 6 Have 7 Don’ forget 8 Sleep 9 Be ... Don't drop 38: 2 lets take a taxi 3 lets watch TV 4 lets go to a restaurant 5 let’ wait a litele 35.3 3 Nolet’ not go out. or No, don’t lets go out. 4 No, dont close the window. 5 No, don't phone me (conighe) 6 No, lets not wait for Andy or No, don't lets wait for Andy: 7 No,dontt turn on the ligh 8 Nolet’ not go by bus. or No, dont let go by bus. UNIT 36 36.1 2 He used to play football 3 She used to be a taxi driver. 4 They used to live in the country, 5 He used to wear glases. 6 This building used to be a hotel 36.2 26 She used to play volleyball She used to go out most ‘evenings. / She used to go out a lot She used (0 play the guitar. She used to read a lot. / She used to like reading. She used to go away owo ‘or three times a year. / She used to travel a lot Key to Exercises 36.3 used to have used to be go / travel used to eat ‘watches used ¢o live get did you use to play UNIT 37 37.4 3 There’/There is a hospital 4 There isn’t a swimming pool. 5 There are two cinemas 6 There isn’t a university 7 There aren’t any big hotels. 37.2 Example answers: 3 There is a university in 4 There area lot of big shops 5 There isn’t an airport 6 ‘There aren't many factories. 373 2 There'/There is is there There are are there There isn’t Is there Are there ‘There's / There is There aren't 26 ‘There are eight planets in the solar system. ‘There are fifteen players in a rugy team, ‘There are twenty-six letters in the English alphabet There are thirty days in September. ‘There ae fify sates in the USA. 37.5 3. There’s 4 There’... Is it 5 Is there |. there’: 6 Its 7 Is there