POST TEST: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: CHAPTER 3

IDENTIFICATION:
1. Activating particular associations in memory. (priming)
2. Mental concepts that intuitively guide our perceptions and interpretations. (schemas)
3. The tendency to be more confident than correct – to overestimate the accuracy of one’s beliefs.
(overconfidence phenomenon)
4. A tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconceptions. (confirmation bias)
5. A thinking strategy that enables quick, efficient judgments. (heuristic)
6. A belief that leads to its own fulfillment. (self-fulfilling prophecy)
7. Involves how we explain people’s behavior. (Attribution theory)
8. Attributing a behavior to the wrong source. (Misattribution)
9. Imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened, but didn’t. (counterfactual
thinking)
10. Perception of a relationship where none exist. (Illusory correlation)
11. People easily misperceive random events as confirming their beliefs. (Illusory correlation)
12. Attributing behavior to the environment. (situational attribution)
13. A type of self-fulfilling prophecy whereby people’s social expectations lead them to behave in ways that
cause others to confirm their expectations. (behavioral confirmation)
14. The tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional
influences upon others’ behavior. (fundamental attribution error)
15. A phenomenon in which people cling to their initial beliefs and the reason why a belief might be true,
even when the basis for the belief is discredited. (belief perseverance)
16. A cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory. (availability
heuristic)
17. The tendency to presume, sometimes despite contrary odds, that someone or something belongs to a
particular group. (representative heuristic)
18. The mutual influence of bodily sensations on cognitive preferences and social judgments. (embodied
cognition)
19. Who is the pioneer of Attribution Theory whom analyzes as “common sense psychology” of how people
explain everyday events. (Fritz Heider)
20. Incorrectly attribute an emotion to an event that is not the cause of the emotion at all. (misattribution)

II.
1. Believe that premonitions correlate with events, we notice and remember any joint occurrence of the
premonition and the event’s later occurrence.
2. Underlies our feelings of luck.
3. Discussing a childhood memory to a friend only to find out that the memory was from a dream you used
to have and you are just attributing it as your own experience.
4. It pervades our thinking, when we are happy, the world seems friendlier, decisions are easier and good
news are more readily comes to mind.
5. The more he treated her as though she were really very nice, the more Gracy expanded and became
really very nice.